AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
glechoma: ground ivy
ground ivy: trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta
hedeoma: small genus of American herbs (American pennyroyal)
pennyroyal: erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
pennyroyal oil: aromatic oil from American pennyroyal
hyssopus: Eurasian genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs
hyssop: a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil
lamium: genus of Old World herbs: dead nettles; henbits
white dead nettle: European dead nettle with white flowers
henbit: Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers
lavandula: lavender
english lavender: aromatic Mediterranean shrub widely cultivated for its lilac flowers which are dried and used in sachets
french lavender: shrubby greyish lavender of southwestern Europe having usually reddish-purple flowers
spike lavender: Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil
spike lavender oil: pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics
leonotis: small genus of tropical herbs and subshrubs of South Africa
dagga: relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco
lion's-ear: pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States
leonurus: genus of stout Old World herbs having flowers in whorls
motherwort: bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers
lepechinia: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Labiatae
pitcher sage: California plant with woolly stems and leaves and large white flowers
lycopus: small genus of herbs of the mint family
bugleweed: a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States
water horehound: aromatic perennial herb of United States
gipsywort: hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers
genus origanum: a genus of aromatic mints of the family Labiatae
majorana: small genus of herbs usually included in the genus Origanum
oregano: aromatic Eurasian perennial
sweet marjoram: aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe
dittany of crete: dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete
marrubium: Old World aromatic herbs: horehound
common horehound: European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring
melissa: a genus of Old World mints of the family Labiatae
lemon balm: bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America
mentha: mint plants
corn mint: European mint naturalized in United States
water-mint: a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America
bergamot mint: mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange
horsemint: a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States
peppermint: herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring
spearmint: common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring
apple mint: mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States
pennyroyal: Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil
micromeria: large genus of fragrant chiefly Old World herbs
yerba buena: trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally
savory: dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
molucella: small genus of aromatic herbs of Mediterranean regions; widely cultivated
molucca balm: aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer-shaped or bell-shaped calyx
genus monarda: wild bergamot, horsemint, beebalm
monarda: any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda
bee balm: perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads
horsemint: tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico
bee balm: perennial herb of North America
lemon mint: an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico
plains lemon monarda: annual of southern United States
basil balm: perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls
monardella: a genus of fragrant herbs of the family Labiatae in the western United States
mustang mint: fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers
nepeta: catmint
catmint: hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats
ocimum: basil
common basil: annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leaves; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs
perilla: small genus of Asiatic herbs
beefsteak plant: plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage
genus phlomis: large genus of Old World aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs having often woolly leaves
jerusalem sage: a spreading subshrub of Mediterranean regions cultivated for dense axillary whorls of purple or yellow flowers
genus physostegia: genus of North American perennial herbs
false dragonhead: North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers
genus plectranthus: large genus of ornamental flowering plants; includes some plants often placed in the genus Coleus
pogostemon: genus of Asiatic shrubs or trees whose leaves yield a fragrant oil
patchouli: small East Indian shrubby mint; fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes
prunella: small genus of perennial mostly Eurasian having terminal spikes of small purplish or white flowers
self-heal: decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America
pycnanthemum: American mountain mint
basil mint: perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised
rosmarinus: rosemary
rosemary: widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
genus salvia: large genus of shrubs and subshrubs of the mint family varying greatly in habit: sage
sage: any of various plants of the genus Salvia; a cosmopolitan herb
blue sage: blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States
clary sage: stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery
blue sage: Texas sage having intensely blue flowers
blue sage: sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation
purple sage: silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers
cancerweed: sage of eastern United States
common sage: shrubby plant with aromatic greyish-green leaves used as a cooking herb
meadow clary: tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands
clary: aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in Great Britain as a potherb and widely as an ornamental
pitcher sage: California erect and sparsely branched perennial
mexican mint: an herb from Oaxaca that has a powerful hallucinogenic effect; the active ingredient is salvinorin
wild sage: Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States
satureja: savory
summer savory: erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere
winter savory: erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe
scutellaria: an asterid dicot genus that includes the skullcaps
skullcap: a herbaceous plant of the genus Scutellaria which has a calyx that, when inverted, resembles a helmet with its visor raised
blue pimpernel: an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic
sideritis: genus of woolly aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs of Mediterranean region
solenostemon: genus of shrubby often succulent herbs of tropical Africa and Asia; includes some plants often placed in genus Coleus
stachys: large genus of usually woolly or hairy herbs or subshrubs or shrubs; temperate eastern hemisphere; tropical Australasia
hedge nettle: foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome
hedge nettle: perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere
teucrium: large widely distributed genus of perennial herbs or shrubs or subshrubs; native to Mediterranean region to western Asia
american germander: subshrub with serrate leaves and cream-colored to pink or purple flowers in spikelike racemes; North America
wall germander: European perennial subshrub with red-purple or bright rose flowers with red and white spots
cat thyme: Mediterranean germander having small hairy leaves and reddish purple flowers; attractive to cats
wood sage: European germander with one-sided racemes of yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
thymus: large genus of Old World mints: thyme
common thyme: common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine
wild thyme: aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States
trichostema: genus of North American aromatic herbs or subshrubs: blue curls
black sage: an aromatic plant with wooly leaves found in southern California and Mexico
turpentine camphor weed: aromatic plant of western United States
bastard pennyroyal: aromatic plant of the eastern United States
lentibulariaceae: carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia, Pinguicula, and Genlisea
utricularia: bladderworts: large genus of aquatic carnivorous plants; cosmopolitan in distribution
pinguicula: butterworts: a large genus of almost stemless carnivorous bog plants; Europe and America to Antarctica
genus genlisea: small genus of carnivorous plants of tropical African swamps
martyniaceae: in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae
genus martynia: in some classifications includes the unicorn plants
martynia: sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit
orobanchaceae: brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
pedaliaceae: the family of plants of order Polemoniales
sesamum: tropical African and Indian herbs
sesame: East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
proboscidea: in some classifications included in the genus Martynia and hence the two taxonomic names for some of the unicorn plants
common unicorn plant: annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak
sand devil's claw: alternatively placed in genus Martynia
sweet unicorn plant: a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea
scrophulariaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
scrophularia: type genus of Scrophulariaceae; named for the plants' supposed ability to cure scrofula: figworts
antirrhinum: a genus of herbs of the family Scrophulariaceae with brightly colored irregular flowers
white snapdragon: California plant with slender racemes of white flowers
yellow twining snapdragon: southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation
mediterranean snapdragon: perennial native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated for its purple or pink flowers
besseya: genus of North American spring wildflowers
alpine besseya: small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico
aureolaria: small genus of North American herbs often root-parasitic and bearing golden-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
false foxglove: multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
false foxglove: sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
genus calceolaria: large genus of tropical American herbs and shrubs with showy cymose flowers
calceolaria: any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip
castilleja: genus of western North and South American perennials often partially parasitic on roots of grasses
indian paintbrush: any of various plants of the genus Castilleja having dense spikes of hooded flowers with brightly colored bracts
desert paintbrush: most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers
giant red paintbrush: wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers
great plains paintbrush: hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico
sulfur paintbrush: plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers
chelone: herbaceous perennials: shellflower
shellflower: showy perennial of marshlands of eastern and central North America having waxy lanceolate leaves and flower with lower part creamy white and upper parts pale pink to deep purple
collinsia: genus of hardy annual herbs of western United States
purple chinese houses: white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California
maiden blue-eyed mary: small widely branching western plant with tiny blue-and-white flowers; British Columbia to Ontario and south to California and Colorado
blue-eyed mary: eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers
culver's root: a tall perennial herb having spikes of small white or purple flowers; common in eastern North America
genus digitalis: genus of Eurasian herbs having alternate leaves and racemes of showy bell-shaped flowers
foxglove: any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
common foxglove: tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
yellow foxglove: European yellow-flowered foxglove
genus gerardia: genus of annual or perennial herbs with showy pink or purple or yellow flowers; plants often assigned to genera Aureolaria or Agalinis
agalinis: semiparasitic herb with purple or white or pink flowers; grows in the United States and West Indies
linaria: genus of herbs and subshrubs having showy flowers: spurred snapdragon
blue toadflax: North American plant having racemes of blue-violet flowers
toadflax: common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America
penstemon: large genus of subshrubs or herbs having showy blue or purple or red or yellow or white flowers; mostly western North America
golden-beard penstemon: plant of southwestern United States having long open clusters of scarlet flowers with yellow hairs on lower lip
scarlet bugler: plant with bright red tubular flowers in long narrow clusters near tips of erect stems; coastal ranges from central California southward
red shrubby penstemon: low branching dark green shrub with bunches of brick-red flowers at ends of branches; coastal ranges and foothills of northern California
platte river penstemon: erect plant with blue-violet flowers in rings near tips of stems; Idaho to Utah and Wyoming
davidson's penstemon: mat-forming plant with blue and lavender flowers clustered on short erect stems; British Columbia to northern California
hot-rock penstemon: stems in clumps with cream-colored flowers; found from Washington to Wyoming and southward to California and Utah
jones' penstemon: low plant with light blue and violet flowers in short clusters near tips of stems; Nevada to Utah
shrubby penstemon: low bushy plant with large showy pale lavender or blue-violet flowers in narrow clusters at ends of stems
narrow-leaf penstemon: plant having small narrow leaves and blue-violet flowers in long open clusters; Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona
mountain pride: mat-forming plant with deep pink flowers on short erect leafy stems; rocky places at high elevations from Oregon to California
balloon flower: fragrant puffed-up white to reddish-pink flowers in long narrow clusters on erect stems; Arizona to New Mexico and Utah
parry's penstemon: erect stems with pinkish-lavender flowers in long interrupted clusters; Arizona
rock penstemon: one of the West's most beautiful wildflowers; large brilliant pink or rose flowers in many racemes above thick mats of stems and leaves; ledges and cliffs from Washington to California
rydberg's penstemon: plant with whorls of small dark blue-violet flowers; Washington to Wyoming and south to California and Colorado
cascade penstemon: whorls of deep blue to dark purple flowers at tips of erect leafy stems; moist places from British Columbia to Oregon
whipple's penstemon: wine and lavender to purple and black flowers in several clusters on the upper half of leafy stems; Montana south through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico
verbascum: genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs mostly with woolly leaves
mullein: any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
moth mullein: European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
white mullein: densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America
purple mullein: Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers
common mullein: tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches
genus veronica: widespread genus of herbs with pink or white or blue or purple flowers: speedwell
veronica: any plant of the genus Veronica
field speedwell: European plant with minute axillary blue flowers on long stalks; widely naturalized in America
brooklime: plant of western North America and northeastern Asia having prostrate stems with dense racemes of pale violet to lilac flowers
corn speedwell: erect or procumbent blue-flowered annual found in waste places of Europe and America
brooklime: European plant having low-lying stems with blue flowers; sparsely naturalized in North America
germander speedwell: Old World plant with axillary racemes of blue-and-white flowers
water speedwell: plant of wet places in Eurasia and America
common speedwell: common hairy European perennial with pale blue or lilac flowers in axillary racemes
purslane speedwell: North American annual with small white flowers widely naturalized as a weed in South America and Europe
thyme-leaved speedwell: perennial decumbent herb having small opposite leaves and racemes of blue flowers; throughout Eurasia and the New World
solanaceae: large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra
solanum: type genus of the Solanaceae: nightshade; potato; eggplant; bittersweet
kangaroo apple: Australian annual sometimes cultivated for its racemes of purple flowers and edible yellow egg-shaped fruit
horse nettle: coarse prickly weed having pale yellow flowers and yellow berrylike fruit; common throughout southern and eastern United States
potato tree: hardy climbing shrub of Chile grown as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers; not a true potato
uruguay potato: South American potato vine
bittersweet: poisonous perennial Old World vine having violet flowers and oval coral-red berries; widespread weed in North America
trompillo: weedy nightshade with silvery foliage and violet or blue or white flowers; roundish berry widely used to curdle milk; central United States to South America
african holly: woolly-stemmed biennial arborescent shrub of tropical Africa and southern Asia having silvery-white prickly branches, clusters of blue or white flowers, and bright red berries resembling holly berries
wild potato: erect or spreading perennial of southwestern United States and Mexico bearing small pale brown to cream-colored tubers resembling potatoes
potato vine: copiously branched vine of Brazil having deciduous leaves and white flowers tinged with blue
eggplant: hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
black nightshade: Eurasian herb naturalized in America having white flowers and poisonous hairy foliage and bearing black berries that are sometimes poisonous but sometimes edible
garden huckleberry: improved garden variety of black nightshade having small edible orange or black berries
jerusalem cherry: small South American shrub cultivated as a houseplant for its abundant ornamental but poisonous red or yellow cherry-sized fruit
naranjilla: small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resembling tomatoes or oranges
buffalo bur: North American nightshade with prickly foliage and racemose yellow flowers
potato: annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous
potato vine: vine of Costa Rica sparsely armed with hooklike spines and having large lilac-blue flowers
potato tree: South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato
atropa: belladonna
belladonna: perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
genus browallia: small genus of tropical South American annuals
bush violet: any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers
brunfelsia: genus of tropical American shrubs grown for their flowers followed by fleshy berrylike fruits
lady-of-the-night: West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers
brugmansia: includes some plants often placed in the genus Datura: angel's trumpets
angel's trumpet: a South American plant that is cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
angel's trumpet: South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
red angel's trumpet: arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers
genus capsicum: chiefly tropical perennial shrubby plants having many-seeded fruits: sweet and hot peppers
capsicum: any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers
cone pepper: plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental
cayenne: plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red
sweet pepper: plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped fruits; the principal salad peppers
cherry pepper: plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits