AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
ceterach: small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus
scale fern: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds
pleurosorus: small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand
schaffneria: one species
schaffneria nigripes: a fern of the genus Schaffneria
phyllitis: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)
blechnaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia
blechnum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns
deer fern: fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse
genus doodia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia
doodia: any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae
sadleria: low tree ferns with large fronds; in rain forests and on lava flows of Hawaiian Islands
stenochlaena: large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia
woodwardia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae: chain ferns
virginia chain fern: North American fern
cyatheaceae: tropical tree ferns
cyathea: type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands
silver tree fern: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides
davalliaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
genus davallia: Old World tropical fern; in some classification systems placed directly in family Polypodiaceae
canary island hare's foot fern: fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira
australian hare's foot: a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia
squirrel's-foot fern: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia
dennstaedtiaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
dennstaedtia: chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
hay-scented: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay
pteridium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae
bracken: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan
bracken: fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions
dicksoniaceae: tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans
dicksonia: tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae
soft tree fern: of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates
cibotium: in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds
scythian lamb: Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic
culcita: includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands
false bracken: resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia
genus thyrsopteris: one species
thyrsopteris: a terrestrial tree fern of South America
dryopteridaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
shield fern: any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori
dryopteris: large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
broad buckler-fern: European shield fern
fragrant cliff fern: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds
goldie's fern: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe
wood fern: any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris
male fern: fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms
marginal wood fern: North American fern with evergreen fronds
mountain male fern: a fern of the genus Dryopteris
athyrium: temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium
lady fern: most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage
alpine lady fern: a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains
silvery spleenwort: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks
cyrtomium: small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
holly fern: tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum
cystopteris: chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
brittle bladder fern: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems
mountain bladder fern: fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere
bulblet fern: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets
deparia: classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera
silvery spleenwort: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
diacalpa: one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas
gymnocarpium: oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris
oak fern: bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
limestone fern: yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere
lastreopsis: tropical terrestrial shield ferns
matteuccia: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae
ostrich fern: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes
olfersia: genus of fern having only one species
hart's-tongue: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya
onoclea: one species: sensitive fern; in some classifications included in Polypodiaceae
sensitive fern: beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes
polybotrya: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later
polystichum: small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
christmas fern: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds
braun's holly fern: North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales
northern holly fern: evergreen European fern widely cultivated
western holly fern: North American fern
soft shield fern: European shield fern cultivated in many varieties
rumohra: leatherleaf ferns: in some classifications included in genus Polystichum
leather fern: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds
tectaria: terrestrial or epilithic ferns of tropical rain forests
button fern: Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils
indian button fern: fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils
genus woodsia: genus of small to medium-sized usually rock-inhabiting ferns of temperate and cold regions; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
rusty woodsia: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds
alpine woodsia: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori
smooth woodsia: rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia
lomariopsidaceae: small family of usually scandent ferns
bolbitis: terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere
lomogramma: large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia
lophosoriaceae: very small family of tree ferns
lophosoria: one species: tree fern of Central and South America
loxomataceae: very small family of New Zealand ferns
loxoma: one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand
oleandraceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
oleandra: or family Polypodiaceae: tropical epiphytic or terrestrial ferns
oleander fern: tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia
arthropteris: tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns
nephrolepis: small genus of tropical ferns; sometimes placed in Polypodiaceae
boston fern: a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant
basket fern: tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil
pteridaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided
acrostichum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
golden fern: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides
actiniopteris: terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa
adiantum: cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
maidenhair: any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds
common maidenhair: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan
american maidenhair fern: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes
bermuda maidenhair: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock
brittle maidenhair: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated
farley maidenhair: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered
anogramma: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae
annual fern: small short-lived fern of Central and South America
cheilanthes: small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
lip fern: any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions
smooth lip fern: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica
lace fern: small tufted fern of northwestern America
wooly lip fern: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly
southwestern lip fern: lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds
coniogramme: terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia
bamboo fern: fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds
cryptogramma: sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae
american rock brake: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley
european parsley fern: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley
doryopteris: small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae
hand fern: tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds
jamesonia: xerophytic ferns of South America
onychium: small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae
pellaea: genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
cliff brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions
coffee fern: evergreen fern of California and Baja California
purple rock brake: very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes
bird's-foot fern: cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks
button fern: fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets
pityrogramma: terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
silver fern: fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides
silver fern: tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides
golden fern: tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides
gold fern: fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides
pteris: large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae
pteris cretica: cultivated in many varieties as houseplants
spider brake: Asiatic fern introduced in America
ribbon fern: fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands
marattiales: lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae
marattiaceae: constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds
marattia: type genus of the Marattiaceae: ferns having the sporangia fused together in two rows
potato fern: large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people
genus angiopteris: one species: tree fern
angiopteris: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall
danaea: fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America
psilopsida: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs
psilotales: lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots
psilotaceae: small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves
psilotum: type genus of the Psilotaceae
skeleton fork fern: pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia
psilophytales: Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants
psilophytaceae: Paleozoic plants
genus psilophyton: type genus of the Psilophytaceae: genus of small wiry herbaceous Paleozoic plants with underground rhizomes and apical sporangia
rhyniaceae: primitive plants of the Paleozoic
rhynia: type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes
horneophyton: Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller
sphenopsida: horsetails and related forms
equisetales: lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian
equisetaceae: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies
equisetum: horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae
common horsetail: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America
swamp horsetail: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia
scouring rush: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils
marsh horsetail: scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere
wood horsetail: Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America
variegated horsetail: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe
lycopsida: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
lycophyta: used in some classifications for the class Lycopsida: club mosses
lycopodineae: alternative designation for the class Lycopsida
club moss: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
lepidodendrales: fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous
lepidodendraceae: fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk
lycopodiales: lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
lycopodiaceae: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales
lycopodium: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations
shining clubmoss: a variety of club moss
alpine clubmoss: a variety of club moss
fir clubmoss: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir
ground pine: any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches
running pine: a variety of club moss
ground cedar: a variety of club moss
ground fir: a variety of club moss
foxtail grass: ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States
selaginellales: in some classifications included in Lycopodiales
selaginellaceae: lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses
selaginella: type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss
spikemoss: any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella
meadow spikemoss: spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America
rock spikemoss: tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America
desert selaginella: prostrate spikemoss; California
resurrection plant: densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions
florida selaginella: occurs widely in Florida
isoetales: aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales
isoetaceae: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes
isoetes: type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales
geoglossaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
geoglossum: type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues
earthtongue: any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum
cryptogrammataceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
thelypteridaceae: genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others
thelypteris: marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae
marsh fern: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions
snuffbox fern: fern of northeastern North America
amauropelta: epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia
genus christella: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical forests of Old World to Americas
cyclosorus: small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere
goniopteris: terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America
macrothelypteris: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas
meniscium: terrestrial ferns of tropical Americas
oreopteris: 3 species of ferns formerly included in genus Dryopteris or Thelypteris
mountain fern: common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds
parathelypteris: terrestrial ferns of warm and tropical Asia and North America
new york fern: slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris
massachusetts fern: delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris
phegopteris: beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris
broad beech fern: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes
long beech fern: beech fern of North America and Eurasia
armillaria: genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot
armillaria caligata: fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk
armillaria ponderosa: a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest
armillaria zelleri: a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white
armillariella: a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it
honey mushroom: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw
asclepiadaceae: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
asclepias: genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed
milkweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
white milkweed: tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
blood flower: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
poke milkweed: milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
swamp milkweed: densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
mead's milkweed: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
purple silkweed: perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
showy milkweed: milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers
poison milkweed: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
butterfly weed: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
whorled milkweed: milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
araujia: small genus of South American evergreen vines
cruel plant: robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
genus cynancum: genus of perennial tropical African lianas
genus hoya: large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia
wax plant: succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers
periploca: genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World
silk vine: deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
sarcostemma: succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia
soma: leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink
genus stapelia: genus of foul-smelling plants resembling cacti; found from Africa to East India
stapelia: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
stapelias asterias: stapelia of Cape Province having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas
genus stephanotis: genus of Old World tropical woody vines