AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
the hague: the site of the royal residence and the de facto capital in the western part of the Netherlands; seat of the International Court of Justice
eindhoven: city in southeastern Netherlands noted for electrical industry
nijmegen: an industrial city in the eastern Netherlands
rotterdam: the 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea
leiden: a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620
utrecht: a city in the central Netherlands
friesland: one of the northernmost provinces of the Netherlands
friesland: the western part of the ancient region of Frisia in northern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt river and the Weser river; part of this region is now a province in the Netherlands
frisia: an ancient region of northwestern Europe including the Frisian Islands
frisian islands: a chain of islands in the North Sea off the coast of northwestern Europe extending from the IJsselmeer to Jutland
hungary: a republic in central Europe
budapest: capital and largest city of Hungary; located on the Danube River in north-central Hungary
faroe islands: a group of 21 volcanic islands in the North Atlantic between Iceland and the Shetland Islands
faroe islands: a self-governing colony that is a possession of Denmark in the Faroe Islands
thorshavn: the administrative center of the Faroe Islands
iceland: a volcanic island in the North Atlantic near the Arctic Circle
iceland: an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944
reykjavik: the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water
orkney islands: an archipelago of about 70 islands in the North Atlantic and North Sea off the northeastern coast of Scotland
shetland: an archipelago of about 100 islands in the North Atlantic off the north coast of Scotland
thule: the geographical region believed by ancient geographers to be the northernmost land in the inhabited world
thule: a town in northwestern Greenland; during World War II a United States naval base was built there
korea: an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook
chosen: the name for Korea as a Japanese province (1910-1945)
north korea: a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948
pyongyang: capital of North Korea and an industrial center Pyongyang is Korea's oldest city but little of its history has been preserved
south korea: a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948
seoul: the capital of South Korea and the largest city of Asia; located in northwestern South Korea
inchon: a port city in western South Korea on the Yellow Sea
kwangju: city in southwestern South Korea; an important military base during the Korean War
taegu: a city in southeastern South Korea
pusan: a city in southeastern South Korea on the Korean Strait; the chief port and second largest city
laos: a mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949
vientiane: the capital and largest city of Laos
lappland: a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps
lebanon: an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean
bayrut: capital and largest city of Lebanon; located in western Lebanon on the Mediterranean
tarabulus: a port city and commercial center in northwestern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea
sayda: the main city of ancient Phoenicia
sur: a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks
byblos: an ancient Mediterranean seaport that was a thriving city state in Phoenicia during the second millennium BC; was the chief port for the export of papyrus; located in Lebanon to the north of Beirut; now partially excavated
lesotho: a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966
maseru: the capital of Lesotho; located in northwestern Lesotho
liberia: a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves
monrovia: the capital and chief port and largest city of Liberia
libya: a military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum
tripoli: the capital and chief port and largest city of Libya; in northwestern Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC
benghazi: port in northern Libya on the Gulf of Sidra; formerly a joint capital of Libya with Tripoli
liechtenstein: a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland
vaduz: the capital and largest city of Liechtenstein
luxembourg: a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center
luxembourg-ville: the capital and largest city of Luxembourg
macedonia: landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991
skopje: capital of modern Macedonia
madagascar: an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa; the 4th largest island in the world
madagascar: a republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960
antananarivo: the capital and largest city of Madagascar
malawi: a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
blantyre: city in southern Malawi; largest city and commercial center of Malawi
lilongwe: the capital of Malawi; located in south central Malawi
zomba: a city in southern Malawi; was the capital until 1971
malaysia: a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957
kuala lumpur: the largest city and former capital of Malaysia until 2005
putrajaya: Malaysia's sparkling new capital
east malaysia: the part of Malaysia that is on the island of Borneo
sabah: a region of Malaysia in northeastern Borneo
sarawak: a region of Malaysia on northwestern Borneo
west malaysia: the region of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula
malay peninsula: a peninsula in southeastern Asia occupied by parts of Malaysia and Thailand and Myanmar
maldives: a group of about 1,200 small coral islands (about 220 inhabited) in the Indian ocean
maldives: a republic on the Maldive Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965
male: the capital of Maldives in the center of the islands
mali: a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years
bamako: the capital of Mali; located in the south on the Niger
timbuktu: a city in central Mali near the Niger river; formerly famous for its gold trade
malta: a strategically located island to the south of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea
malta: a republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
valletta: the capital of Malta; located on the northeastern coast of the island
mauritania: a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert
nouakchott: capital of Mauritania; located in western Mauritania near the Atlantic coast
mauritius: an island in the southwestern Indian Ocean
mauritius: a parliamentary state on the island of Mauritius
port louis: capital and chief port of Mauritius; located on the northwestern coast of the island
monaco: a constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera
monaco-ville: the capital of Monaco
monte carlo: a town and popular resort in the principality of Monaco; famous for its gambling casino
tartary: the vast geographical region of Europe and Asia that was controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries under Genghis Khan Tartary extended as far east as the Pacific Ocean
mongolia: a vast region in Asia including the Mongolian People's Republic and China's Inner Mongolia
mongolia: a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia
ulan bator: the capital and largest city of Mongolia
morocco: a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956
casablanca: a port on the Atlantic and the largest city of Morocco
el aaium: a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast
fez: a city in north central Morocco; religious center
marrakesh: a city in western Morocco; tourist center
oujda: a city in northeastern Morocco near the Algerian border
rabat: the capital of Morocco; located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast
tangier: a city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar the first tangerines were shipped from Tangier to Europe in 1841
western sahara: an area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992
mozambique: a republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975
beira: a port city in eastern Mozambique on the Mozambique Channel
maputo: the capital and largest city of Mozambique
natal: a region of eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean Natal was renamed KwaZulu-Natal in 1994
new zealand: North Island and South Island and adjacent small islands in the South Pacific
north island: the smaller but more populous of two main islands of New Zealand; separated from South Island by Cook Strait
south island: the larger but less populous of two main islands of New Zealand; separated from North Island by Cook Strait
new zealand: an independent country within the British Commonwealth; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1907; known for sheep and spectacular scenery
auckland: the largest city and principal port of New Zealand
christchurch: industrial city at the center of a rich agricultural region
wellington: the capital of New Zealand
niger: a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert
niamey: the capital and largest city of Niger
nigeria: a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
abuja: capital of Nigeria in the center of the country
ibadan: a large Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria; site of a university
katsina: a city in northern Nigeria; a major center of the Hausa people
lagos: chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria
maiduguri: a city in northeastern Nigeria; an agricultural trading center
zaria: a city in north central Nigeria; agricultural trading center
oman: a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil
muscat: a port on the Gulf of Oman and capital of the sultanate of Oman
kashmir: an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India
pakistan: a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947
faisalabad: city in northeast Pakistan
hyderabad: a city in southern Pakistan on the Indus River
islamabad: the capital of Pakistan in the north on a plateau; the site was chosen in 1959
karachi: the largest city in Pakistan; located in southeastern Pakistan; an industrial center and seaport on the Arabian Sea; former capital of Pakistan
lahore: city in northeast Pakistan
peshawar: city in northern Pakistan at the eastern end of the Khyber Pass
rawalpindi: an ancient city in northeastern Pakistan; served as capital of Pakistan while Islamabad was being built
sind: a region of southeastern Pakistan
palau: a chain of more than 200 islands about 400 miles long in the western central Pacific Ocean
palau: a republic in the western central Pacific Ocean in association with the United States
paraguay: a landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811
asuncion: the capital and chief port of Paraguay
parthia: an ancient kingdom in Asia to the southeast of the Caspian Sea; it dominated southwestern Asia from about 250 BC to AD 226
peru: a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries
arequipa: a city in southern Peru founded in 1540 on the site of an ancient Inca city
cuzco: a town in the Andes in southern Peru; formerly the capital of the Inca empire
lima: capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century
machu picchu: Inca fortress city in the Andes in Peru discovered in 1911; it may have been built in the 15th century
philippines: an archipelago in the southwestern Pacific including some 7000 islands
cebu: one of the Visayan islands of the central Philippines; important for its fine harbor
luzon: the main island of the Philippines
mindanao: the second largest island of the Philippines at the southern end of the archipelago; mountainous and volcanic
mindoro: a mountainous island in the central Philippines
philippines: a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946
manila: the capital and largest city of the Philippines; located on southern Luzon
caloocan: a suburb of Manila in southwestern Luzon
cebu: an important seaport on the island of Cebu in the Philippines
quezon city: city on Luzon adjoining Manila
pinatubo: a volcano on Luzon to the northwest of Manila; erupted in 1991 after 600 years of dormancy
visayan islands: group of islands in the central Philippines
poland: a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II
warszawa: the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland
bydgoszcz: an industrial city and river port in northern Poland
cracow: an industrial city in southern Poland on the Vistula
czestochowa: a city of southern Poland whose church contains the statue of the black Madonna which attracts many pilgrims
gdansk: a port city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea; a member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century
katowice: an industrial city of southern Poland
lodz: a large city of central Poland
lublin: an industrial city of eastern Poland
wroclaw: a city in southwestern Poland on the Oder
zabrze: an industrial city in southern Poland
iberian peninsula: a peninsula in southwestern Europe
portugal: a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)
azores: islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal the Azores are strategically located on transatlantic air and shipping routes
madeira: an island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa; the largest of the Madeira Islands
madeira islands: a group of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Morocco; the group forms an autonomous region of Portugal
braga: an ancient city in northern Portugal
lisbon: capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic
porto: port city in northwest Portugal; noted for port wine
setubal: a port city on the Atlantic coast of Portugal to the southeast of Lisbon
qatar: a peninsula extending northward from the Arabian mainland into the Persian Gulf
qatar: an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil
doha: the capital and chief port of Qatar
saint kitts and nevis: a country on several of the Leeward Islands; located to the east southeast of Puerto Rico; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1983
saint christopher: the largest of the islands comprising Saint Christopher-Nevis
basseterre: the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis on the island of Saint Christopher
nevis: one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis
sombrero: one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis
saint lucia: a volcanic island in the Windward Isles to the south of Martinique
saint lucia: a country on the island of Saint Lucia; gained independence from Great Britain in 1979
castries: a port on the island of Saint Lucia; capital and largest city of Saint Lucia
saint vincent and the grenadines: an island country in the central Windward Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1979
saint vincent: an island in the center of the Windward Islands; the largest of the islands comprising Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
kingstown: the capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; on Saint Vincent
french polynesia: a French overseas possession in the South Pacific
tahiti: an island in the south Pacific; the most important island in French Polynesia; made famous by Robert Louis Stevenson and Paul Gauguin
papeete: the capital of French Polynesia on the northwestern coast of Tahiti
society islands: an island group of French Polynesia in the South Pacific to the east of Samoa
tuamotu archipelago: a group of about 80 coral islands in French Polynesia
tubuai islands: a chain of small islands in French Polynesia
gambier islands: a group of islands in the south central Pacific; part of French Polynesia
marquesas islands: a group of volcanic islands in the south central Pacific; part of French Polynesia
samoa: a group of volcanic islands in the South Pacific midway between Hawaii and Australia; its climate and scenery and Polynesian culture make it a popular tourist stop
samoa: a constitutional monarchy on the western part of the islands of Samoa in the South Pacific
apia: the capital of Western Samoa
american samoa: a United States territory on the eastern part of the island of Samoa
pago pago: a port in American Samoa
san marino: the smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy
san marino: the capital and only city of San Marino
sao tome and principe: island nation in the South Atlantic off the west coast of Africa; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975; has enormous offshore oil reserves
sao tome: capital of Sao Tome and Principe
principe: an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Sao Tome and Principe
saudi arabia: an absolute monarchy occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy
riyadh: joint capital (with Mecca) of Saudi Arabia located in the central oasis; largest city in Saudi Arabia
mecca: joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Muhammad it is the holiest city of Islam
medina: a city in western Saudi Arabia; site of the tomb of Muhammad; the second most holy city of Islam
dhahran: an oil town in eastern Saudi Arabia on an inlet from the Persian Gulf; in June 1996 terrorists bombed an apartment complex in Dhahran killing 19 United States soldiers and wounding more than 300 people
jeddah: port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea; near Mecca
tabuk: a city in northwestern Saudi Arabia
taif: a city in western Saudi Arabia to the east of Mecca
nejd: a central plateau region of the Arabian Peninsula; formerly an independent sultanate until 1932 when it united with Hejaz to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
hejaz: a coastal region of the western Arabian Peninsula bordering on the Red Sea; includes both Mecca and Medina; formerly an independent kingdom until it united with Nejd to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
senegal: a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960
dakar: the capital and chief port and largest city of Senegal
seychelles: a group of about 90 islands in the western Indian Ocean to the north of Madagascar
seychelles: a republic on the Seychelles islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1976
victoria: port city and the capital of Seychelles
sierra leone: a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
freetown: port city and the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone
singapore: an island to the south of the Malay Peninsula
singapore: a country in southeastern Asia on the island of Singapore; achieved independence from Malaysia in 1965
singapore: the capital of Singapore; one of the world's biggest ports
solomons: the northernmost islands are part of Papua New Guinea; the remainder form an independent state within the British Commonwealth
solomon islands: the southern Solomon Islands that since 1978 form an independent state in the British Commonwealth
honiara: national capital of Solomon Islands
somalia: a republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; subject to tribal warfare
mogadishu: the capital and largest city of Somalia; a port on the Indian Ocean
hargeisa: a city in northwestern Somalia
somali peninsula: a peninsula of northeastern Africa (the easternmost part of Africa) comprising Somalia and Djibouti and Eritrea and parts of Ethiopia
south africa: a republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)
pretoria: city in the Transvaal; the seat of the executive branch of the government of South Africa
cape town: port city in southwestern South Africa; the seat of the legislative branch of the government of South Africa
johannesburg: city in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries
kimberley: city in central South Africa; center for diamond mining and diamond marketing
durban: a port city in eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean; resort and industrial center
free state: a province in central South Africa that was colonized by the Boers; named Free State in 1997
transvaal: a province of northeastern South Africa originally inhabited by Africans who spoke Bantu; colonized by the Boers
cape province: a former province of southern South Africa that was settled by the Dutch in 1652 and ceded to Great Britain in 1814; in 1994 it was split into three new provinces of South Africa
witwatersrand: a rocky region in the southern Transvaal in northeastern South Africa; contains rich gold deposits and coal and manganese
cape of good hope: a province of western South Africa
cape of good hope: a point of land in southwestern South Africa (south of Cape Town)
bloemfontein: the seat of the supreme court
soweto: a large collection of African townships to the southwest of Johannesburg in South Africa; inhabited solely by Black Africans
rus: the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev
russia: a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
soviet union: a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991
muscovy: a Russian principality in the 13th to 16th centuries; Moscow was the capital
moscow: a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation
astrakhan: a city in southwestern Russia on the delta of the Volga River
cherepovets: a city of east central Russia to the north of Moscow
chechnya: an autonomous republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains bordering on Georgia; declared independence from the USSR in 1991 but Russian troops invaded and continue to prosecute a relentless military campaign in the largely Muslim republic