AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
jacksonian epilepsy: focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
myoclonus epilepsy: epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
petit mal epilepsy: epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (and possibly other abnormalities) she has been suffering from petit mal since childhood
absence: the occurrence of an abrupt, transient loss or impairment of consciousness (which is not subsequently remembered), sometimes with light twitching, fluttering eyelids, etc.; common in petit mal epilepsy
pure absence: an absence seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brainwave spikes
posttraumatic epilepsy: a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
progressive vaccinia: a severe or even fatal form of vaccinia that occurs mainly in persons with an immunological deficiency; characterized by progressive enlargement of the initial lesion
psychomotor epilepsy: epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
erb's palsy: paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
ataxia: inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
friedreich's ataxia: sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
atopognosia: absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
brachydactyly: abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
cryptorchidy: failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
monorchism: failure of one testes to descend into the scrotum
fetal distress: an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
multiple sclerosis: a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
paralysis agitans: a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
cerebral palsy: a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
sydenham's chorea: chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
agraphia: a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
auditory aphasia: an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
conduction aphasia: aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
global aphasia: loss of all ability to communicate
motor aphasia: aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
nominal aphasia: inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
visual aphasia: inability to perceive written words
wernicke's aphasia: aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
creutzfeldt-jakob disease: rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
air embolism: obstruction of the circulatory system caused by an air bubble as, e.g., accidentally during surgery or hypodermic injection or as a complication from scuba diving
coronary thrombosis: obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery by a blood clot (thrombus)
milk leg: painful thrombosis of the femoral vein in the leg following childbirth
hepatomegaly: abnormal enlargement of the liver
heart disease: a disease of the heart
high blood pressure: a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
transposition: any abnormal position of the organs of the body
orthostatic hypotension: low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
essential hypertension: persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
malignant hypertension: severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension
amyotrophia: progressive wasting of muscle tissues
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
aneurysm: a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall
abdominal aortic aneurysm: an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta associated with old age and hypertension
stenosis: abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
angina pectoris: a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
arteriosclerosis: sclerosis of the arterial walls
atherosclerosis: a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls, thus narrowing the arteries
bacteremia: transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
sclerosis: any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
cardiac arrhythmia: an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
cardiomyopathy: a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
gallop rhythm: cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
mitral stenosis: obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
heart failure: inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
myocardial infarction: destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
kidney disease: a disease affecting the kidneys
coronary insufficiency: inadequate blood flow to the heart muscles; can cause angina pectoris
nephritis: an inflammation of the kidney
nephrosclerosis: kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
polycystic kidney disease: kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
renal failure: inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
acute renal failure: renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
chronic renal failure: renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
nephrolithiasis: the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
cirrhosis: a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
addison's disease: a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
aldosteronism: a condition caused by overproduction of aldosterone
cushing's disease: a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
cushing's syndrome: a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
diabetes mellitus: diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'
type i diabetes: severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
type ii diabetes: mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
latent diabetes: a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
angioedema: recurrent large circumscribed areas of subcutaneous edema; onset is sudden and it disappears within 24 hours; seen mainly in young women, often as an allergic reaction to food or drugs
hyperthyroidism: an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
graves' disease: exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
myxedema: hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
achondroplasia: an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
contagious disease: any disease easily transmitted by contact
influenza: an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
asian influenza: influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
swine influenza: an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of swine caused by the orthomyxovirus thought to be the same virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic
measles: an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
german measles: a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
exanthema subitum: a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
scarlet fever: an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
smallpox: a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
alastrim: a mild form of smallpox caused by a less virulent form of the virus
vincent's angina: an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
tinea: infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
tinea pedis: fungal infection of the feet
tinea barbae: fungal infection of the face and neck
tinea cruris: fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
blindness: the state of being blind or lacking sight
aids: a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
brucellosis: infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
severe combined immunodeficiency: a congenital disease affecting T cells that can result from a mutation in any one of several different genes; children with it are susceptible to infectious disease; if untreated it is lethal within the first year or two of life
ada-scid: SCID resulting from mutation of a gene that codes for adenosine deaminase
x-linked scid: SCID in male children resulting from mutation of a gene that codes for a protein on the surface of T cells that allows them to develop a growth factor receptor
cholera: an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
dengue: an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
hepatitis a: an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaminated with fecal matter
hepatitis b: an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
hepatitis delta: a severe form of hepatitis
hepatitis c: a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
liver cancer: malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
oral herpes: caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
genital herpes: an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
herpes zoster: eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
chickenpox: an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
venereal disease: a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
gonorrhea: a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
granuloma inguinale: a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
syphilis: a common venereal disease caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
tabes dorsalis: syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
infectious mononucleosis: an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
ebola hemorrhagic fever: a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa
lassa fever: an acute contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing; can be used as a bioweapon
leprosy: chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
necrotizing enterocolitis: an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
listeriosis: an infectious disease of animals and humans (especially newborn or immunosuppressed persons) caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes; in sheep and cattle the infection frequently involves the central nervous system and causes various neurological symptoms
lymphogranuloma venereum: infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
mumps: an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
cerebrospinal meningitis: meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
paratyphoid: any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
plague: a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal
bubonic plague: the most common form of the plague in humans; characterized by chills, prostration, delirium and the formation of buboes in the armpits and groin; does not spread from person to person
ambulant plague: a mild form of bubonic plague
black death: the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
pneumonic plague: a rapidly progressive and frequently fatal form of the plague that can spread through the air from person to person; characterized by lung involvement with chill, bloody expectoration and high fever
poliomyelitis: an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
pott's disease: TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
rickettsial disease: infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
typhus: rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
murine typhus: acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
rocky mountain spotted fever: caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
q fever: an acute disease resembling influenza
tsutsugamushi disease: transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
relapsing fever: marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
sweating sickness: epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
tuberculosis: infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
pulmonary tuberculosis: involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
scrofula: a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
typhoid: serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
whooping cough: a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
yaws: an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
yellow jack: caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito
respiratory disease: a disease affecting the respiratory system
cold: a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs) will they never find a cure for the common cold?
asthma: respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
coccidioidomycosis: an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
emphysema: an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
atypical pneumonia: an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
bronchopneumonia: pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
legionnaires' disease: acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
pneumocytosis: pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
psittacosis: an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
pneumoconiosis: chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
anthracosis: lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
respiratory distress syndrome: an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
genetic disease: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
anencephaly: a defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres
adactylia: congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
color blindness: genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
diplopia: visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered
dichromacy: a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
red-green dichromacy: confusion of red and green
deuteranopia: dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
protanopia: dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
yellow-blue dichromacy: confusion of yellow and blue
tetartanopia: a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
tritanopia: rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
monochromacy: complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
cystic fibrosis: the most common congenital disease; the child's lungs and intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus; caused by defect in a single gene; no cure is known
gaucher's disease: a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism of genetic origin
hirschsprung's disease: congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
horner's syndrome: a pattern of symptoms occurring as a result of damage to nerves in the cervical region of the spine (drooping eyelids and constricted pupils and absence of facial sweating)
huntington's chorea: hereditary disease; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
hurler's syndrome: hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
marfan's syndrome: an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
neurofibromatosis: autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
clinocephaly: a congenital defect in which the top of the head is depressed (concave instead of convex)
mongolism: a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
maple syrup urine disease: an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
mcardle's disease: an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
muscular dystrophy: any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
becker muscular dystrophy: a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in in adolescence or adulthood and progresses slowly but will affect all voluntary muscles; characterized by generalized weakness and muscle wasting that affects limb and trunk muscles first; similar to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy but less severe; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
duchenne's muscular dystrophy: the most common form of muscular dystrophy; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
autosomal dominant disease: a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
autosomal recessive disease: a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome