AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
berkeley: Irish philosopher and Anglican bishop who opposed the materialism of Thomas Hobbes (1685-1753)
berlage: Dutch architect and town planner (1856-1934)
berlin: United States songwriter (born in Russia) who wrote more than 1500 songs and several musical comedies (1888-1989)
berlioz: French composer of romantic works (1803-1869)
bernard: French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)
bernhardt: French actress (1844-1923)
bernini: Italian sculptor and architect of the baroque period in Italy; designed many churches and chapels and tombs and fountains (1598-1680)
bernoulli: Swiss mathematician (1654-1705)
bernoulli: Swiss mathematician (1667-1748)
bernoulli: Swiss physicist who contributed to hydrodynamics and mathematical physics (1700-1782)
bernstein: United States conductor and composer (1918-1990)
berra: United States baseball player (born 1925)
berry: United States rock singer (born in 1931)
bertillon: French criminologist (1853-1914)
bertolucci: Italian filmmaker (born in 1940)
berzelius: Swedish chemist who discovered three new elements and determined the atomic weights of many others (1779-1848)
bessel: German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)
bessemer: British inventor and metallurgist who developed the Bessemer process (1813-1898)
best: Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978)
bethe: United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for research in astrophysics and nuclear physics (1906-2005)
bethune: United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)
beveridge: British economist (born in India) whose report on social insurance provided the basis for most of the social legislation on which the welfare state in the United Kingdom is based (1879-1963)
bevin: British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)
bierce: United States writer of caustic wit (1842-1914)
binet: French psychologist remembered for his studies of the intellectual development of children (1857-1911)
bin laden: Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda (born in 1957)
bismarck: German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)
bizet: French composer best known for his operas (1838-1875)
black: popular child actress of the 1930's (born in 1928)
black: British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)
black hawk: Sauk leader who in 1832 led Fox and Sauk warriors against the United States (1767-1838)
blair: British statesman who became prime minister in 1997 (born in 1953)
blake: visionary British poet and painter (1757-1827)
bleriot: French aviator who in 1909 made the first flight across the English Channel (1872-1936)
bligh: British admiral; was captain of the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789 when part of the crew mutinied and set him afloat in an open boat; a few weeks later he arrived safely in Timor 4,000 miles away (1754-1817)
blitzstein: United States pianist and composer of operas and musical plays (1905-1964)
bloch: United States composer (born in Switzerland) who composed symphonies and chamber music and choral music and a piano sonata and an opera (1880-1959)
blok: Russian poet (1880-1921)
bloomfield: United States linguist who adopted a behavioristic approach to linguistics (1887-1949)
blucher: Prussian general who is remembered for his leadership in the wars against Napoleon (1742-1819)
boccaccio: Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)
bodoni: Italian printer who designed the Bodoni font (1740-1813)
boehme: German mystic and theosophist who founded modern theosophy; influenced George Fox (1575-1624)
boell: German novelist and writer of short stories (1917-1985)
boethius: a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524)
bogart: United States film actor (1899-1957)
bohr: Danish physicist who studied atomic structure and radiations; the Bohr theory of the atom accounted for the spectrum of hydrogen (1885-1962)
boleyn: the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery (1507-1536)
bolivar: Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)
boltzmann: Austrian physicist who contributed to the kinetic theory of gases (1844-1906)
bond: United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940)
bonhoeffer: German Lutheran theologian and pastor whose works concern Christianity in the modern world; an active opponent of Nazism, he was arrested and sent to Buchenwald and later executed (1906-1945)
boniface: (Roman Catholic Church) Anglo-Saxon missionary who was sent to Frisia and Germany to spread the Christian faith; was martyred in Frisia (680-754)
boniface viii: pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303)
bonney: United States outlaw who was said to have killed 21 men (1859-1881)
bontemps: United States writer (1902-1973)
boole: English mathematician; creator of Boolean algebra (1815-1864)
boone: an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)
booth: United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)
borges: Argentinian writer remembered for his short stories (1899-1986)
borgia: Italian cardinal and military leader; model for Machiavelli's prince (1475-1507)
borgia: Italian noblewoman and patron of the arts (1480-1519)
born: British nuclear physicist (born in Germany) honored for his contributions to quantum mechanics (1882-1970)
borodin: Russian composer (1833-1887)
bosch: Dutch painter (1450-1516)
bose: Indian physicist who with Albert Einstein proposed statistical laws based on the indistinguishability of particles; led to the description of fundamental particles that later came to be known as bosons
boswell: Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)
botticelli: Italian painter of mythological and religious paintings (1444-1510)
bougainville: French explorer who circumnavigated the globe accompanied by scientists (1729-1811)
boulez: French composer of serial music (born in 1925)
bowditch: United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838)
bowdler: English editor who in 1818 published an expurgated edition of the works of Shakespeare (1754-1825)
bowie: United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico; he shared command of the garrison that resisted the Mexican attack on the Alamo where he died (1796-1836)
boyle: Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691)
boyle: United States writer (1902-1992)
bradbury: United States writer of science fiction (born 1920)
bradford: United States printer (born in England) whose press produced the first American prayer book and the New York City's first newspaper (1663-1752)
bradley: United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)
bradley: United States politician who was elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles (1917-1998)
bradstreet: poet in colonial America (born in England) (1612-1672)
brady: United States financier noted for his love of diamonds and his extravagant lifestyle (1856-1917)
brady: United States pioneer photographer famous for his portraits; was the official Union photographer for the American Civil War (1823-1896)
bragg: Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)
brahe: Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
brahms: German composer who developed the romantic style of both lyrical and classical music (1833-1897)
braille: French educator who lost his sight at the age of three and who invented a system of writing and printing for sightless people (1809-1852)
bramante: great Italian architect of the High Renaissance in Italy (1444-1514)
brancusi: Romanian sculptor noted for abstractions of animal forms (1876-1957)
brandt: German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)
braque: French painter who led the cubist movement (1882-1963)
braun: United States rocket engineer (born in Germany where he designed a missile used against England); he led the United States Army team that put the first American satellite into space (1912-1977)
braun: the German mistress of Adolf Hitler (1910-1945)
brecht: German dramatist and poet who developed a style of epic theater (1898-1956)
breuer: United States architect (born in Hungary) who was associated with the Bauhaus in the 1920's (1902-1981)
brezhnev: Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982)
bridges: United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)
bridget: Irish abbess; a patron saint of Ireland (453-523)
brinton: United States anthropologist who was the first to attempt a systematic classification of Native American languages (1837-1899)
britten: major English composer of the 20th century; noted for his operas (1913-1976)
broca: French anthropologist who studied the craniums and brains of different races of people; remembered for his discovery that articulate speech depends on an area of the brain now known as Broca's area (1824-1880)
brockhouse: Canadian physicist who bounced neutron beams off of atomic nuclei to study the structure of matter (1918-2003)
broglie: French nuclear physicist who generalized the wave-particle duality by proposing that particles of matter exhibit wavelike properties (1892-1987)
bronte: English novelist; oldest of three Bronte sisters (1816-1855)
bronte: English novelist; one of three Bronte sisters (1818-1848)
bronte: English novelist; youngest of three Bronte sisters (1820-1849)
brooke: English lyric poet (1887-1915)
brooks: United States literary critic and historian (1886-1963)
brown: abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1859)
brown: Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)
browne: United States writer of humorous tales of an itinerant showman (1834-1867)
browne: English illustrator of several of Dickens' novels (1815-1882)
browning: English poet best remembered for love sonnets written to her husband Robert Browning (1806-1861)
browning: English poet and husband of Elizabeth Barrett Browning noted for his dramatic monologues (1812-1889)
browning: United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called the Peacemaker) (1855-1926)
bruce: king of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)
bruce: Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)
bruch: German composer (1838-1920)
bruckner: Austrian organist and composer of romantic music (1824-1896)
brueghel: Flemish painter of landscapes (1525-1569)
brummell: English dandy who was a fashion leader during the Regency (1778-1840)
brunelleschi: Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance (1377-1446)
bruno: Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy; condemned for heresy by the Inquisition and burned at the stake (1548-1600)
bruno: (Roman Catholic Church) a French cleric (born in Germany) who founded the Carthusian order in 1084 (1032-1101)
brutus: statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)
bryan: United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)
buber: Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965)
buchanan: 15th President of the United States (1791-1868)
buchner: German organic chemist who studied alcoholic fermentation and discovered zymase (1860-1917)
buck: United States author whose novels drew on her experiences as a missionary in China (1892-1973)
budge: United States tennis player who in 1938 was the first to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles championship in the same year (1915-2000)
bukharin: Bolshevik leader in Russia who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938)
bullfinch: United States architect who designed the Capitol Building in Washington which served as a model for state capitols throughout the United States (1763-1844)
bultmann: a Lutheran theologian in Germany (1884-1976)
bunche: United States diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971)
bunsen: German chemist who with Kirchhoff pioneered spectrum analysis but is remembered mainly for his invention of the Bunsen burner (1811-1899)
bunuel: Spanish film director (1900-1983)
bunyan: English preacher and author of an allegorical novel, Pilgrim's Progress (1628-1688)
burbage: English actor who was the first to play the leading role in several of Shakespeare's tragedies (1567-1619)
burbank: United States horticulturist who developed many new varieties of fruits and vegetables and flowers (1849-1926)
burger: United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by Richard Nixon (1907-1995)
burgess: English writer of satirical novels (1917-1993)
burgoyne: British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)
burk: United States frontierswoman and legendary figure of the Wild West noted for her marksmanship (1852-1903)
burke: British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)
burnett: United States writer (born in England) remembered for her novels for children (1849-1924)
burnham: United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)
burns: celebrated Scottish poet (1759-1796)
burns: United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)
burnside: United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)
burr: United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836)
burroughs: United States novelist and author of the Tarzan stories (1875-1950)
burroughs: United States inventor who patented the first practical adding machine (1855-1898)
burroughs: United States writer noted for his works portraying the life of drug addicts (1914-1997)
burt: English psychologist whose studies of twins were later said to have used fabricated data (1883-1971)
burton: Welsh film actor who often co-starred with Elizabeth Taylor (1925-1984)
burton: English explorer who with John Speke was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika (1821-1890)
bush: vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924)
bush: United States electrical engineer who designed an early analogue computer and who led the scientific program of the United States during World War II (1890-1974)
bush: 43rd President of the United States; son of George Herbert Walker Bush (born in 1946)
bushnell: American inventor who in 1775 designed a man-propelled submarine that was ineffectual but subsequently earned him recognition as a submarine pioneer (1742-1824)
butler: English poet (1612-1680)
butler: English novelist who described a fictitious land he called Erewhon (1835-1902)
butterfield: English architect who designed many churches (1814-1900)
byrd: explorer and United States naval officer; led expeditions to explore Antarctica (1888-1957)
byrd: English organist and composer of church music; master of 16th century polyphony; was granted a monopoly in music printing with Thomas Tallis (1543-1623)
byron: English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)
cabell: United States writer of satirical novels (1879-1958)
cabot: Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)
cabot: son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)
caesar: conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)
caesar: United States comedian who pioneered comedy television shows (born 1922)
cage: United States composer of avant-garde music (1912-1992)
cagliostro: Italian who was famous as a magician and alchemist (1743-1795)
cagney: United States film actor known for his portrayals of tough characters (1899-1986)
calder: United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)
calderon: Spanish poet and dramatist considered one of the great Spanish writers (1600-1681)
caldwell: United States author remembered for novels about poverty and degeneration (1903-1987)
caligula: Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)
calixtus ii: pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124)
calixtus iii: Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458)
callas: Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)
calvin: Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
calvin: United States chemist noted for discovering the series of chemical reactions in photosynthesis (1911-)
calvino: Italian writer of novels and short stories (born in Cuba) (1923-1987)
campbell: United States mythologist (1904-1987)
camus: French writer who portrayed the human condition as isolated in an absurd world (1913-1960)
canetti: English writer born in Germany (1905-1994)
canute: king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)
capek: Czech writer who introduced the word `robot' into the English language (1890-1938)
capone: United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)
capra: United States film maker (1897-1991)
caravaggio: Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light (1573-1610)
carducci: Italian poet considered the national poet of modern Italy (1835-1907)
carew: Englishman and Cavalier poet whose lyric poetry was favored by Charles I (1595-1639)
carl xvi gustav: king of Sweden since 1973 (born 1946)
carlyle: Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)
carmichael: United States songwriter (1899-1981)
carnegie: United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)
carnegie: United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)
carnot: French physicist who founded thermodynamics (1796-1832)
carothers: United States chemist who developed nylon (1896-1937)
carrel: French surgeon and biologist who developed a way to suture and graft blood vessels (1873-1944)
carrere: United States architect who with his partner Thomas Hastings designed many important public buildings (1858-1911)
carroll: English author; Charles Dodgson was an Oxford don of mathematics who is remembered for the children's stories he wrote under the pen name Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)
carson: United States frontiersman who guided Fremont's expeditions in the 1840s and served as a Union general in the American Civil War (1809-1868)
carson: United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)
carter: 39th President of the United States (1924-)
carter: Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen (1873-1939)
cartier: French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
cartwright: English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)
caruso: outstanding Italian operatic tenor (1873-1921)
carver: United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)
casals: an outstanding Spanish cellist noted for his interpretation of Bach's cello suites (1876-1973)
casanova: an Italian adventurer who wrote vivid accounts of his sexual encounters (1725-1798)
cash: United States country music singer and songwriter (1932-2003)
caspar: (New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus
cassirer: German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945)
cassius: prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC)
castro: Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)
cather: United States writer who wrote about frontier life (1873-1947)
catherine i: empress of Russia who succeeded her husband Peter the Great (1684-1727)
catherine ii: empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796)
catherine of aragon: first wife of Henry VIII; Henry VIII's divorce from her was the initial step of the Reformation in England (1485-1536)
catherine de medicis: queen of France as the wife of Henry II and regent during the minority of her son Charles IX (1519-1589)
catullus: Roman lyric poet remembered for his love poems to an aristocratic Roman woman (84-54 BC)
cavell: English nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation in order to help Allied prisoners escape; was caught and executed by the Germans (1865-1915)
cavendish: British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)
caxton: English printer who in 1474 printed the first book in English (1422-1491)
cellini: Italian sculptor (1500-1571)
celsius: Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer (1701-1744)
cervantes: Spanish writer best remembered for `Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
cezanne: French Post-impressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components latent in nature (1839-1906)
chagall: French painter (born in Russia) noted for his imagery and brilliant colors (1887-1985)
chamberlain: British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)
chambers: English architect (1723-1796)
champlain: French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)
champollion: Frenchman and Egyptologist who studied the Rosetta Stone and in 1821 became the first person to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics (1790-1832)
chandler: United States writer of detective thrillers featuring the character of Philip Marlowe (1888-1959)