AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
myotonic muscular dystrophy: a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by generalized weakness and muscular wasting that affects the face and feet and hands and neck; difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips; the onset can be any time from birth to middle age and the progression is slow; inheritance is autosomal dominant
niemann-pick disease: a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
oxycephaly: a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
aplastic anemia: anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
fanconi's anemia: a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
hemolytic anemia: anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
hyperchromic anemia: anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
hypochromic anemia: anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
hypoplastic anemia: anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
iron deficiency anemia: a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
ischemia: local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
ischemic stroke: the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
transient ischemic attack: brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
chlorosis: iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
macrocytic anemia: anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
microcytic anemia: anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
parasitemia: a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
pernicious anemia: a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
megaloblastic anemia: anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
metaplastic anemia: pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
refractory anemia: any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
sideroblastic anemia: refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
sickle-cell anemia: a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
spielmeyer-vogt disease: a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
tay-sachs disease: a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europe; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
werdnig-hoffman disease: autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
hemophilia: congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
hemophilia a: hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
hemophilia b: a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
von willebrand's disease: a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
cholera morbus: severe gastroenteritis of unknown etiology; characterized by severe colic and vomiting and diarrhea
pelvic inflammatory disease: inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
sore throat: inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
quinsy: a painful pus filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
croup: a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
amebiasis: infection by a disease-causing ameba
amebic dysentery: inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
fascioliasis: infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot
guinea worm disease: a painful and debilitating infestation contracted by drinking stagnant water contaminated with Guinea worm larvae that can mature inside a human's abdomen until the worm emerges through a painful blister in the person's skin
felon: a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
fungal infection: an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
hemorrhagic fever: a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
leishmaniasis: sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are spread by sandflies
nonsocial infection: an infection that is acquired at a hospital or other healthcare facility
respiratory tract infection: any infection of the respiratory tract
crimea-congo hemorrhagic fever: an infection common in Arab states caused by a bunyavirus; transmitted by a tick that thrives on sheep
rift valley fever: an infection common in Africa caused by a bunyavirus; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
hiv: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus
severe acute respiratory syndrome: a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that apparently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal
scabies: a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation he has a bad case of the itch
schistosomiasis: an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
visceral leishmaniasis: leishmaniasis of the viscera
cutaneous leishmaniasis: leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
candidiasis: an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
dermatomycosis: fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
focus: a central point or locus of an infection in an organism the focus of infection
boil: a painful sore with a hard core filled with pus
chilblain: inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
fester: a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
shigellosis: an acute infection of the intestine by shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
streptococcal sore throat: an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
sty: an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
tetanus: an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
viral infection: infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
autoimmune disease: any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
still's disease: a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
osteoarthritis: chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
gout: a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
blood disease: a disease or disorder of the blood
blood poisoning: invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
sapremia: blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrefied matter
puerperal fever: serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
pyemia: septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria being released from an abscess
toxemia: blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
toxemia of pregnancy: an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
preeclampsia: abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
hemoglobinemia: presence of excessive hemoglobin in the blood plasma
hemoglobinopathy: a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
hemoptysis: coughing up blood from the respiratory tract; usually indicates a severe infection of the bronchi or lungs
hand-schuller-christian disease: inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
haverhill fever: the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
hydatid mole: an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around the fetus degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs; usually associated with the death of the fetus
lipemia: presence of excess lipids in the blood
lysogeny: the condition of a host bacterium that has incorporated a phage into its own genetic material when a phage infects a bacterium it can either destroy its host or be incorporated in the host genome in a state of lysogeny
hypervolemia: a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
hypovolemia: a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
anemia: a deficiency of red blood cells
thalassemia: an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
cooley's anemia: a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
leukocytosis: an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
leukopenia: an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
lymphocytopenia: an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
purpura: any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
thrombocytopenia: a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
fibrocystic breast disease: the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
avitaminosis: any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
goiter: abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
pellagra: a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
rickets: childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
scurvy: a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
hemorrhagic cyst: a cyst containing blood
nabothian cyst: a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
chalazion: a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
sebaceous cyst: a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
motion sickness: the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
airsickness: motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
seasickness: motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
heatstroke: collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
heat exhaustion: a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
sunstroke: sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
endometriosis: the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
hemochromatosis: pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
classic hemochromatosis: inherited form of hemochromatosis
infarct: localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
mastopathy: any pathology of the breast
charcot-marie-tooth disease: a form of neuropathy that can begin between childhood and young adulthood; characterized by weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands and lower legs; progression is slow and individuals affected can have a normal life span; inheritance is X-linked recessive or X-linked dominant
osteopetrosis: an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
demineralization: abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
pyorrhea: discharge of pus
uremia: accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
ulcer: a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
bedsore: a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
peptic ulcer: an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
canker: an ulceration (especially of the lips or lining of the mouth)
curvature: (medicine) a curving or bending; often abnormal curvature of the spine
deformity: an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
arnold-chiari deformity: deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
clawfoot: a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
cleft lip: a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip
clubfoot: congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
pigeon breast: abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
apple blight: a disease of apple trees
chestnut blight: a disease of American chestnut trees
fire blight: a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
halo blight: a blight of bean plants
needle blight: a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
potato blight: a blight of potatoes
tomato blight: a disease of tomato plants
sandfly fever: a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
skin disease: a disease affecting the skin
ankylosing spondylitis: a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
discoid lupus erythematosus: a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
hashimoto's disease: autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
lupus erythematosus: a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
systemic lupus erythematosus: an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
acanthosis nigricans: a skin disease characterized by dark wartlike patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
acne rosacea: a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
atopic dermatitis: a severe form of dermatitis characterized by atopy
rhus dermatitis: contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
poison ivy: dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant my poison ivy is drying up
diaper rash: dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
schistosome dermatitis: a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes
eczema vaccinatum: a now rare complication of vaccinia superimposed on atopic dermatitis with high fever and generalized vesicles and papulovesicles
lichtenoid eczema: eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
hickey: a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
erythema nodosum leprosum: an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
keratoderma: any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
keratosis blennorrhagica: skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
keratosis follicularis: a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
lichen planus: an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
melanosis: a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
necrobiosis lipoidica: skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
saint anthony's fire: any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
seborrheic dermatitis: a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
xanthomatosis: widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
polyp: a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
adenomatous polyp: a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum
tumor: an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
acanthoma: a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
benign tumor: a tumor that is not cancerous
blastoma: a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
brain tumor: a tumor in the brain
glioblastoma: a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
malignancy: (medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
granulation: new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
fibroid tumor: benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
lipoma: a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
malignant tumor: a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
cancer: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
ewing's sarcoma: malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
kaposi's sarcoma: a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men
neurosarcoma: a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
osteosarcoma: malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
hodgkin's disease: a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
cancroid: the most common form of skin cancer
leukemia: malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
acute lymphocytic leukemia: acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
acute myelocytic leukemia: acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
chronic myelocytic leukemia: chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
monocytic leukemia: leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
myelocytic leukemia: a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
rhabdomyosarcoma: a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults
pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma: form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
wilms' tumor: malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
carcinoma in situ: a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
endometrial carcinoma: cancer of the uterine lining
hemangioma: benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
strawberry hemangioma: a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
spider angioma: a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
neurofibroma: tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
papilloma: a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
pheochromocytoma: a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
psammoma: a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sandlike particles
hepatoma: carcinoma of the liver
oat cell carcinoma: highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
prostate cancer: cancer of the prostate gland
seminoma: malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
melanoma: any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
cervicofacial actinomycosis: the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions