AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
hoover: United States lawyer who was director of the FBI for 48 years (1895-1972)
hoover: United States industrialist who manufactured vacuum cleaners (1849-1932)
hope: United States comedian (born in England) who appeared in films with Bing Crosby (1903-2003)
hopkins: Welsh film actor (born in 1937)
hopkins: English biochemist who did pioneering work that led to the discovery of vitamins (1861-1947)
hopkins: English poet (1844-1889)
hopkins: United States financier and philanthropist who left money to found the university and hospital that bear his name in Baltimore (1795-1873)
hopkins: United States educator and theologian (1802-1887)
hopkinson: American Revolutionary leader and patriot; a signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1791)
horace: Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)
horne: United States singer and actress (born in 1917)
horne: United States operatic mezzo-soprano (born 1934)
horney: United States psychiatrist (1885-1952)
horowitz: Russian concert pianist who was a leading international virtuoso (1904-1989)
horta: Belgian architect and leader in art nouveau architecture (1861-1947)
hosea: a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)
houdini: United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets or padlocked containers (1874-1926)
houghton: United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)
housman: English poet (1859-1936)
houston: United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)
howard: Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542)
howard: English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)
howe: United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867)
howe: United States feminist who was active in the women's suffrage movement (1819-1910)
howe: Canadian hockey player who holds the record for playing the most games (born 1928)
howe: United States editor (1920-1993)
howells: United States writer and editor (1837-1920)
hoyle: English writer on card games (1672-1769)
hoyle: an English astrophysicist and advocate of the steady state theory of cosmology; described processes of nucleosynthesis inside stars (1915-2001)
hubbard: a United States writer of science fiction and founder of Scientology (1911-1986)
hubble: United States astronomer who discovered that (as the universe expands) the speed with which nebulae recede increases with their distance from the observer (1889-1953)
hubel: United States neuroscientist noted for his studies of the neural basis of vision (born in 1926)
hudson: English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die (1565-1611)
hudson: English naturalist (born in Argentina) (1841-1922)
huggins: English astronomer who pioneered spectroscopic analysis in astronomy and who discovered the red shift (1824-1910)
hughes: United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1862-1948)
hughes: United States industrialist who was an aviator and a film producer; during the last years of his life he was a total recluse (1905-1976)
hughes: United States writer (1902-1967)
hughes: English poet (born in 1930)
hugo: French poet and novelist and dramatist; leader of the romantic movement in France (1802-1885)
hull: United States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955)
hull: United States naval officer who commanded the `Constitution' during the War of 1812 and won a series of brilliant victories against the British (1773-1843)
humboldt: German naturalist who explored Central and South America and provided a comprehensive description of the physical universe (1769-1859)
humboldt: German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)
hume: Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)
humperdinck: German composer of six operas and other incidental music (1854-1921)
hunt: British writer who defended the Romanticism of Keats and Shelley (1784-1859)
hunt: United States architect (1827-1895)
hunt: Englishman and Pre-Raphaelite painter (1827-1910)
huntington: United States railroad executive who built the western section of the first United States transcontinental railroad (1821-1900)
huntington: American revolutionary leader who signed the Declaration of Independence and was president of the Continental Congress (1731-1796)
huntington: United States physician who first described Huntington's chorea
hurok: United States impresario who was born in Russia (1888-1974)
huss: Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated (1409) for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake (1372-1415)
hussein: king of Jordan credited with creating stability at home and seeking peace with Israel (1935-1999)
hussein: Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran; his invasion of Kuwait led to the Gulf War (born in 1937)
husserl: German philosopher who developed phenomenology (1859-1938)
huston: United States film maker born in the United States but an Irish citizen after 1964 (1906-1987)
hutchins: United States educator who was president of the University of Chicago (1899-1977)
hutchinson: American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)
hutton: Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)
hutton: English cricketer (1916-1990)
huxley: English biologist and a leading exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution (1825-1895)
huxley: English writer; grandson of Thomas Huxley who is remembered mainly for his depiction of a scientifically controlled utopia (1894-1963)
huxley: English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)
huygens: Dutch physicist who first formulated the wave theory of light (1629-1695)
hypatia: Greek philosopher and astronomer; she invented the astrolabe (370-415)
ibert: French composer (1890-1962)
ibsen: realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906)
iglesias: Spanish singer noted for his ballads and love songs (born in 1943)
ignatius: bishop of Antioch who was martyred under the Roman Emperor Trajan (died 110)
ignatius of loyola: Spaniard and Roman Catholic theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus; a leading opponent of the Reformation (1491-1556)
indiana: United States pop artist (born 1928)
inge: United States playwright (1913-1973)
inge: English prelate noted for his pessimistic sermons and articles (1860-1954)
ingres: French classical painter (1780-1867)
innocent iii: Italian pope from 1198 to 1216 who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216)
innocent viii: Italian pope from 1484 to 1492 who was known as a nepotist and was attacked by Savonarola for his worldliness (1432-1492)
innocent xi: Italian pope from 1676 to 1689 whose papacy was marked by the struggle with Louis XIV of France over papal authority over French Catholics; known for saintliness and canonized in 1956 (1611-1689)
innocent xii: Italian pope from 1691 to 1700 who abolished nepotism within the church hierarchy and was universally loved for his charity and piety
ionesco: French dramatist (born in Romania) who was a leading exponent of the theater of the absurd (1912-1994)
irenaeus: Greek theologian who was bishop of Lyons and an antiheretical writer; a saint and Doctor of the Church (circa 130-200)
irving: United States writer of darkly humorous novels (born in 1942)
irving: United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)
isaac: (Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau
isabella: the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)
isaiah: (Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC)
isherwood: United States writer (born in England) whose best known novels portray Berlin in the 1930's and who collaborated with W. H. Auden in writing plays in verse (1904-1986)
ishmael: (Old Testament) the son of Abraham who was cast out after the birth of Isaac; considered the forebear of 12 Arabian tribes
isocrates: Athenian rhetorician and orator (436-338 BC)
issachar: (Old Testament) a son of Jacob and a forebear of one of the tribes of Israel
ivan iii: grand duke of Muscovy whose victories against the Tartars laid the basis for Russian unity (1440-1505)
ivan iv: the first czar of Russia (1530-1584)
ivanov: Russian choreographer (1834-1905)
ives: United States lithographer who (with his partner Nathaniel Currier) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1824-1895)
ives: United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)
jackson: 7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency (1767-1845)
jackson: general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)
jackson: United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885)
jackson: United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)
jackson: United States singer who did much to popularize gospel music (1911-1972)
jackson: United States singer who began singing with his four brothers and later became a highly successful star during the 1980s (born in 1958)
jackson: English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)
jack the ripper: an unidentified English murderer in the 19th century
jacob: French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)
jacobi: German mathematician (1804-1851)
jacobs: Dutch physician who opened the first birth control clinic in the world in Amsterdam (1854-1929)
jacobs: United States writer and critic of urban planning (born in 1916)
jacobs: English writer of macabre short stories (1863-1943)
jacquard: French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834)
jaffar: Indonesian terrorist and Islamic militant who commands the Laskar Jihad; uses violence to achieve political ends (1965-2000)
jagger: English rock star (born in 1943)
jakobson: United States linguist (born in Russia) noted for his description of the universals of phonology (1896-1982)
james: (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of the Epistle of James in the New Testament
james: writer who was born in the United States but lived in England (1843-1916)
james: United States pragmatic philosopher and psychologist (1842-1910)
james: United States outlaw who fought as a Confederate soldier and later led a band of outlaws that robbed trains and banks in the West until he was murdered by a member of his own gang (1847-1882)
james: the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)
james: the last Stuart to be king of England and Ireland and Scotland; overthrown in 1688 (1633-1701)
james: a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)
jamison: United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1944)
jansen: a Dutch Roman Catholic theologian (1585-1638)
jarrell: United States poet (1914-1965)
jaspers: German psychiatrist (1883-1969)
jay: United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)
jeanne d'arc: French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king; she was later tried for heresy and burned at the stake (1412-1431)
jeffers: United States poet who wrote about California (1887-1962)
jefferson: 3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)
jenner: English physician who pioneered vaccination; Jenner inoculated people with small amounts of cowpox to prevent them from getting smallpox (1749-1823)
jenny: United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)
jensen: modernistic Danish writer (1873-1950)
jeroboam: (Old Testament) first king of the northern kingdom of Israel who led Israel into sin (10th century BC)
jeremiah: (Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC)
jerome: (Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian Church whose major work was his translation of the Scriptures from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (which became the Vulgate); a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-420)
jespersen: Danish linguist (1860-1943)
jesus: a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)
el nino: the Christ child
jevons: English economist and logician who contributed to the development of the theory of marginal utility (1835-1882)
jewison: Canadian filmmaker (born in 1926)
jezebel: wife of Ahab who was king of Israel; according to the Old Testament she was a cruel immoral queen who fostered the worship of Baal and tried to kill Elijah and other prophets of Israel (9th century BC)
jimenez: Spanish lyric poet (1881-1958)
jimenez de cisneros: prelate who was the confessor of Isabella I and who was later appointed Grand Inquisitor (1436-1517)
jinnah: Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)
joachim: Hungarian violinist and composer (1831-1907)
job: a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
joel: a Hebrew minor prophet
joffre: French field marshal who commanded the Allied armies in France during World War II (1852-1931)
joffrey: United States choreographer (1930-1988)
john: (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally said to be the author of the 4th Gospel and three epistles and the book of Revelation
john: youngest son of Henry II; King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216)
john xxiii: Italian pope from 1958 to 1963 who convoked the Second Vatican Council (1881-1963)
john chrysostom: (Roman Catholic Church) a Church Father who was a great preacher and bishop of Constantinople; a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-407)
john of gaunt: the fourth son of Edward III who was the effective ruler of England during the close of his father's reign and during the minority of Richard II; his son was Henry Bolingbroke (1340-1399)
john the baptist: (New Testament) a preacher and hermit and forerunner of Jesus (whom he baptized); was beheaded by Herod at the request of Salome
john paul i: the first Pope to assume a double name; he reigned for only 34 days (1912-1978)
john paul ii: the first Pope born in Poland; the first Pope not born in Italy in 450 years (1920-2005)
johns: United States artist and proponent of pop art (born in 1930)
johnson: 17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875)
johnson: 36th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973)
johnson: English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)
johnston: Confederate general in the American Civil War; led the Confederate troops in the West (1807-1891)
joliot: French nuclear physicist who was Marie Curie's assistant and who worked with Marie Curie's daughter who he married (taking the name Joliot-Curie); he and his wife discovered how to synthesize new radioactive elements (1900-1958)
joliot-curie: French physicist who (with her husband) synthesized new chemical elements (1897-1956)
jolliet: French explorer (with Jacques Marquette) of the upper Mississippi River valley (1645-1700)
jolson: United States singer (born in Russia) who appeared in the first full-length talking film (1886-1950)
jonah: (Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land
jones: English phonetician (1881-1967)
jones: one of the first great English architects and a theater designer (1573-1652)
jones: American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792)
jones: United States golfer (1902-1971)
jones: United States railroad engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train; a friend wrote a famous ballad describing the incident (1864-1900)
jones: United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)
jong: United States writer (born in 1942)
jonson: English dramatist and poet who was the first real poet laureate of England (1572-1637)
joplin: United States composer who was the first creator of ragtime to write down his compositions (1868-1917)
joplin: United States singer who died of a drug overdose at the height of her popularity (1943-1970)
joseph: (New Testament) husband of Mary and (in Christian belief) the foster father of Jesus
joseph: (Old Testament) the 11th son of Jacob and one of the 12 patriarchs of Israel; Jacob gave Joseph a coat of many colors, which made his brothers jealous and they sold him into slavery in Egypt
joseph: leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)
josephus: Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events (37-100)
joshua: (Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho
joule: English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)
jowett: English classical scholar noted for his translations of Plato and Aristotle (1817-1893)
joyce: influential Irish writer noted for his many innovations (such as stream of consciousness writing) (1882-1941)
juan carlos: king of Spain since 1975 (born in 1938)
judah: (Old Testament) the fourth son of Jacob who was forebear of one of the tribes of Israel; one of his descendants was to be the Messiah
judas: (New Testament) the Apostle who betrayed Jesus to his enemies for 30 pieces of silver
judas maccabaeus: Jewish leader of a revolt in Judea that recovered Jerusalem around 166 BC; hero of the Apocryphal books I Maccabees and II Maccabees (?-161 BC)
jude: (New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless
julian: Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)
jung: Swiss psychologist (1875-1961)
junkers: German aircraft engineer who designed the first all-metal airplane (1859-1935)
jussieu: French botanist who categorized plants into families and developed a system of plant classification (1748-1836)
justinian: Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)
juvenal: Roman satirist who denounced the vice and folly of Roman society during the reign of the emperor Domitian (60-140)
kachaturian: Armenian composer who incorporated oriental folk music (1903-1978)
kafka: Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)
kahn: United States architect (born in Estonia) (1901-1974)
kalinin: soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875-1946)
kamehameha i: Hawaiian king who united the islands under his rule (1758-1819)
kandinsky: Russian painter who was a pioneer of abstract art (1866-1944)
kant: influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)
karlfeldt: Swedish poet whose works incorporate Swedish customs and folklore (1864-1931)
karloff: United States film actor (born in England) noted for his performances in horror films (1887-1969)
karpov: Russian chess master who was world champion from 1975 until 1985 when he was defeated by Gary Kasparov (born in 1951)
karsavina: Russian dancer who danced with Nijinsky (1885-1978)
kasparov: Azerbaijani chess master who became world champion in 1985 by defeating Anatoli Karpov (born in 1963)
kastler: French physicist (1902-1984)
kaufman: United States playwright who collaborated with many other writers including Moss Hart (1889-1961)
kaunda: statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999)
kazan: United States stage and screen director (born in Turkey) and believer in method acting (1909-2003)
kean: English actor noted for his portrayals of Shakespeare's great tragic characters (1789-1833)
keaton: United States comedian and actor in silent films noted for his acrobatic skills and deadpan face (1895-1966)
keats: Englishman and romantic poet (1795-1821)
keble: English clergyman who (with John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement (1792-1866)
kekule: German chemist remembered for his discovery of the ring structure of benzene (1829-1896)
keller: United States lecturer and writer who was blind and deaf from the age of 19 months; Anne Sullivan taught her to read and write and speak; Helen Keller graduated from college and went on to champion the cause of blind and deaf people (1880-1968)
kellogg: United States food manufacturer who (with his brother) developed a breakfast cereal of crisp flakes of rolled and toasted wheat and corn; he established a company to manufacture the cereal (1860-1951)
kelly: United States dancer who performed in many musical films (1912-1996)
kelly: United States film actress who retired when she married into the royal family of Monaco (1928-1982)
kelly: United States circus clown (1898-1979)
kelvin: British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)
kendall: United States biochemist who discovered cortisone (1886-1972)
kendrew: English biologist noted for studies of the molecular structure of blood components (born in 1917)
kennan: United States diplomat who recommended a policy of containment in dealing with Soviet aggression (1904-2005)
kennedy: 35th President of the United States; established the Peace Corps; assassinated in Dallas (1917-1963)
kennelly: United States electrical engineer noted for his work on the theory of alternating currents; independently of Oliver Heaviside he discovered the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1861-1939)
kent: United States painter noted for his woodcuts (1882-1971)
kenyata: Kenyan statesman and the first president of independent Kenya (1893-1978)
keokuk: Sauk leader who aided the United States against Black Hawk (1790-1848)
kepler: German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)