AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
kerensky: Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)
kern: United States composer of musical comedies (1885-1945)
kerouac: United States writer who was a leading figure of the beat generation (1922-1969)
kesey: United States writer whose best-known novel was based on his experiences as an attendant in a mental hospital (1935-2001)
kettering: United States electrical engineer who made numerous automotive improvements (including the electric starter) (1876-1958)
key: United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812; the poem was later set to music and entitled `The Star-Spangled Banner' (1779-1843)
keynes: English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
khachaturian: Russian composer (born in Armenia) whose works are romantic and reflect his interest in folk music (1903-1978)
khama: Botswanan statesman who was the first president of Botswana (1921-1980)
khomeini: Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989)
khrushchev: Soviet statesman and premier who denounced Stalin (1894-1971)
kidd: Scottish sea captain who was hired to protect British shipping in the Indian Ocean and then was accused of piracy and hanged (1645-1701)
kierkegaard: Danish philosopher who is generally considered. along with Nietzsche, to be a founder of existentialism (1813-1855)
kieslowski: Polish filmmaker who made ten films based on the Ten Commandments (1941-1996)
king: United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)
king: United States guitar player and singer of the blues (born in 1925)
king: United States woman tennis player (born in 1943)
kinsey: United States zoologist best known for his interview studies of sexual behavior (1894-1956)
kipling: English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936)
kirchhoff: German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887)
kirchner: German expressionist painter (1880-1938)
kissinger: United States diplomat who served under President Nixon and President Ford (born in 1923)
kitchener: British field marshal (1850-1916)
klaproth: German chemist who pioneered analytical chemistry and discovered three new elements (1743-1817)
klee: Swiss painter influenced by Kandinsky (1879-1940)
klein: United States fashion designer noted for understated fashions (born in 1942)
klein: United States psychoanalyst (born in Austria) who was the first to specialize in the psychoanalysis of small children (1882-1960)
klein: German mathematician who created the Klein bottle (1849-1925)
kleist: German dramatist whose works concern people torn between reason and emotion (1777-1811)
klimt: Austrian painter influenced by art nouveau (1862-1918)
kline: United States abstract expressionist painter (1910-1962)
klinefelter: United States physician who first described the XXY-syndrome (born in 1912)
klopstock: German poet (1724-1803)
knox: Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)
koch: German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910)
koestler: British writer (born in Hungary) who wrote a novel exposing the Stalinist purges during the 1930s (1905-1983)
konoe: Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)
koopmans: United States economist (born in the Netherlands) (1910-1985)
korbut: Soviet gymnast (born in 1955)
korchnoi: Russian chess master (born in 1931)
korda: British filmmaker (born in Hungary) (1893-1956)
korzybski: United States semanticist (born in Poland) (1879-1950)
kosciusko: Polish patriot and soldier who fought with Americans in the American Revolution (1746-1817)
koussevitzky: United States conductor (born in Russia) who was noted for performing the works of contemporary composers (1874-1951)
krafft-ebing: German neurologist noted for his studies of sexual deviance (1840-1902)
krasner: United States artist remembered for her spontaneous approach to painting; she was a founder of the New York school of abstract expressionism (1908-1984)
krebs: English biochemist (born in Germany) who discovered the Krebs cycle (1900-1981)
kreisler: United States violinist (born in Austria) (1875-1962)
kroeber: United States anthropologist noted for his studies of culture (1876-1960)
kronecker: German mathematician (1823-1891)
kropotkin: Russian anarchist (1842-1921)
kroto: British chemist who with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1939)
kruger: Boer statesman (1825-1904)
krupp: German industrialist who manufactured steel in Essen (1787-1826)
krupp: German arms manufacturer and son of Friedrich Krupp; his firm provided ordnance for German armies from the 1840s through World War II (1812-1887)
kublai khan: Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China; he establish the Yuan dynasty and built a great capital on the site of modern Beijing where he received Marco Polo (1216-1294)
kubrick: United States filmmaker (born in 1928)
kuhn: Austrian chemist who did research on carotenoids and vitamins (1900-1967)
kuiper: United States astronomer (born in the Netherlands) who studied the solar system and suggested in 1951 that there is a belt of comet-like debris at the edge of the solar system (1905-1973)
kurosawa: Japanese filmmaker noted for blending Japanese folklore with western styles of acting (1910-1998)
kutuzov: Russian field marshal who commanded the Russian opposition to Napoleon (1745-1813)
kuznets: United States economist (born in Russia) who developed a method for using a country's gross national product to estimate its economic growth (1901-1985)
kyd: English dramatist (1558-1594)
laban: Hungarian choreographer who developed Labanotation (1879-1958)
labrouste: French architect who was among the first to use metal construction successfully (1801-1875)
lachaise: United States sculptor (born in France) noted for his large nude figures (1882-1935)
lafayette: French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)
laffer: United States economist who proposed the Laffer curve (born in 1940)
laffite: French pirate who aided the United States in the War of 1812 and received an official pardon for his crimes (1780-1826)
la fontaine: French writer who collected Aesop's fables and published them (1621-1695)
lamarck: French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829)
lamb: English essayist (1775-1834)
lambert: English composer and conductor (1905-1951)
lancelot: (Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere
land: United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909-1991)
landau: Soviet physicist who worked on low temperature physics (1908-1968)
landowska: United States harpsichordist (born in Poland) who helped to revive modern interest in the harpsichord (1879-1959)
landsteiner: United States pathologist (born in Austria) who discovered human blood groups (1868-1943)
laney: United States educator who founded the first private school for Black students in Augusta, Georgia (1854-1933)
lange: United States photographer remembered for her portraits of rural workers during the Depression (1895-1965)
langley: United States astronomer and aviation pioneer who invented the bolometer and contributed to the design of early aircraft (1834-1906)
langmuir: United States chemist who studied surface chemistry and developed the gas-filled tungsten lamp and worked on high temperature electrical discharges (1881-1957)
langtry: British actress and mistress of the prince who later became Edward VII (1853-1929)
lao-tzu: Chinese philosopher regarded as the founder of Taoism (6th century BC)
laplace: French mathematician and astronomer who formulated the nebular hypothesis concerning the origins of the solar system and who developed the theory of probability (1749-1827)
lardner: United States humorist and writer of satirical short stories (1885-1933)
la rochefoucauld: French writer of moralistic maxims (1613-1680)
larousse: French lexicographer (1817-1875)
lasalle: French explorer who claimed Louisiana for France (1643-1687)
lasso: Belgian composer (1532-1594)
la tour: French painter of religious works (1593-1652)
latrobe: United States architect (born in England) whose works include the chambers of the United States Congress and the Supreme Court; considered the first professional architect in the United States (1764-1820)
lauder: Scottish ballad singer and music hall comedian (1870-1950)
laughton: United States film actor (born in England) (1899-1962)
laurel: United States slapstick comedian (born in England) who played the scatterbrained and often tearful member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1890-1965)
laurens: leader of the American Revolution and president of the Continental Congress (1724-1792)
laver: Australian tennis player who in 1962 was the second man to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles titles in the same year; in 1969 he repeated this feat (born in 1938)
lavoisier: French chemist known as the father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen and disproved the theory of phlogiston (1743-1794)
lawrence: English novelist and poet and essayist whose work condemned industrial society and explored sexual relationships (1885-1930)
lawrence: United States physicist who developed the cyclotron (1901-1958)
lawrence: English actress (1898-1952)
lawrence: English portrait painter remembered for the series of portraits of the leaders of the alliance against Napoleon (1769-1830)
lawrence: Welsh soldier who from 1916 to 1918 organized the Arab revolt against the Turks; he later wrote an account of his adventures (1888-1935)
lawrence: Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)
leacock: Canadian economist best remembered for his humorous writings (1869-1944)
leakey: English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)
leakey: English paleontologist (the wife of Louis Leakey) who discovered the Zinjanthropus skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)
leakey: English paleontologist (son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey) who continued the work of his parents; he was appointed director of a wildlife preserve in Kenya but resigned under political pressure (born in 1944)
lear: British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)
leary: United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)
le carre: English writer of novels of espionage (born in 1931)
le chatelier: French chemist who formulated Le Chatelier's principle (1850-1936)
le corbusier: French architect (born in Switzerland) (1887-1965)
ledbetter: United States folk singer and composer (1885-1949)
le duc tho: Vietnamese diplomat who negotiated with Henry Kissinger to end the war in Vietnam (1911-1990)
lee: American general who led the Confederate Armies in the American Civil War (1807-1870)
lee: soldier of the American Revolution (1756-1818)
lee: leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American Colonies (1732-1794)
lee: United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Yang Chen Ning in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1926)
lee: United States actor who was an expert in kung fu and starred in martial arts films (1941-1973)
lee: United States striptease artist who became famous on Broadway in the 1930s (1914-1970)
lee: United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)
le gallienne: United States actress (born in England) (1899-1991)
leger: French painter who was an early cubist (1881-1955)
lehar: Hungarian composer of light operas (1870-1948)
leibniz: German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)
leigh: English film actress (1913-1967)
lemaitre: Belgian cosmologist who proposed the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe (1894-1966)
lemmon: United States film actor (1925-2001)
lenard: German physicist who studied cathode rays (1862-1947)
lendl: United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won several singles championships; in 1992 he became a United States citizen (born in 1960)
l'enfant: United States architect (born in France) who laid out the city plan for Washington (1754-1825)
lenin: Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
lennon: English rock star and guitarist and songwriter who with Paul McCartney wrote most of the music for the Beatles (1940-1980)
le notre: French landscape gardener who designed many formal gardens including the parks of Versailles (1613-1700)
leo i: Italian pope from 440 to 461 who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461)
leo iii: Italian pope from 795 to 816 who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816)
leo ix: German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)
leo x: son of Lorenzo de'Medici and pope from 1513 to 1521 who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521)
leo xiii: Italian pope from 1878 to 1903 who was interested in the advancement of learning and who opened the Vatican secret archives to all scholars
leonard: United States writer of thrillers (born in 1925)
leonardo: Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)
leonidas: king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)
leontief: United States economist (born in Russia) who devised an input-output method of economic analysis (1906-1999)
lermontov: Russian writer (1814-1841)
lerner: United States lyricist who collaborated on musicals with Frederick Loewe (1918-1986)
lesseps: French diplomat who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1805-1894)
lessing: English author of novels and short stories who grew up in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) (born in 1919)
lessing: German playwright and leader of the Enlightenment (1729-1781)
leuwenhoek: Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)
levi-strauss: French cultural anthropologist who promoted structural analysis of social systems (born in 1908)
lewis: English critic and novelist; author of theological works and of books for children (1898-1963)
lewis: United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street (1885-1951)
lewis: United States labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960 and president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1935 to 1940 (1880-1969)
lewis: United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809)
lewis: United States athlete who won gold medals at the Olympics for his skill in sprinting and jumping (born in 1961)
lewis: United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)
libby: United States chemist who developed a method of radiocarbon dating (1908-1980)
lichtenstein: United States painter who was a leading exponent of pop art (1923-1997)
lie: Norwegian diplomat who was the first Secretary General of the United Nations (1896-1968)
liliuokalani: queen of the Hawaiian islands (1838-1917)
lillie: British actress (born in Canada) (1898-1989)
lin: United States sculptor and architect whose public works include the memorial to veterans of the Vietnam War in Washington (born in 1959)
lincoln: 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
lind: Swedish soprano who toured the United States under the management of P. T. Barnum (1820-1887)
lindbergh: United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
lindsay: United States poet who traveled the country trading his poems for room and board (1879-1931)
lindsay: United States playwright who collaborated with Russel Crouse on several musicals (1889-1931)
linnaeus: Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-1778)
lipchitz: United States sculptor (born in Lithuania) who pioneered cubist sculpture (1891-1973)
lipmann: United States biochemist (born in Germany) noted for his studies of metabolic processes (1899-1986)
li po: Chinese lyric poet (700-762)
lippi: Italian painter whose works show a three-dimensional style (1406-1469)
lippi: Italian painter and son of Fra Filippo Lippi (1457-1504)
lippmann: French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921)
lippmann: United States journalist (1889-1974)
lipscomb: United States chemist noted for his theories of molecular structure (born in 1919)
lister: English surgeon who was the first to use antiseptics (1827-1912)
liston: United States prizefighter who lost his world heavyweight championship to Cassius Clay in 1964 (1932-1970)
liszt: Hungarian composer and piano virtuoso (1811-1886)
littre: French lexicographer (1801-1881)
livermore: United States suffragist (1820-1905)
livingston: American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)
livingstone: Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)
livy: Roman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)
lloyd: United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)
lloyd webber: English composer of many successful musicals (some in collaboration with Sir Tim Rice) (born in 1948)
lobachevsky: Russian mathematician who independently discovered non-Euclidean geometry (1792-1856)
locke: English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
lodge: English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)
loeb: United States physiologist (born in Germany) who did research on parthenogenesis (1859-1924)
loewe: United States composer (born in Austria) who collaborated with Lerner on several musicals (1901-1987)
loewi: United States pharmacologist (born in Germany) who was the first to show that acetylcholine is produced at the junction between a parasympathetic nerve and a muscle (1873-1961)
london: United States writer of novels based on experiences in the Klondike gold rush (1876-1916)
longfellow: United States poet remembered for his long narrative poems (1807-1882)
loos: Austrian architect (1870-1933)
loren: Italian film actress (born in 1934)
lorentz: Dutch physicist noted for work on electromagnetic theory (1853-1928)
lorenz: Austrian zoologist who studied the behavior of birds and emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors (1903-1989)
lorenzo de'medici: Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492)
lorre: United States actor (born in Hungary) noted for playing sinister roles (1904-1964)
louis i: third son of Charlemagne and king of France and Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (778-840)
louis ii: king of France and Germany (846-879)
louis iii: son of Louis II and king of the France and Germany (863-882)
louis iv: king of France (921-954)
louis v: the last Carolingian king of France (967-987)
louis vi: king of France whose military victories consolidated his reign (1081-1137)
louis vii: king of France who led the unsuccessful Second Crusade and fought frequent wars with Henry II of England (1120-1180)
louis viii: king of France who increased the power of the Crown over the feudal lords (1187-1226)
louis ix: king of France and son of Louis VIII; he led two unsuccessful Crusades; considered an ideal medieval king (1214-1270)
louis x: king of France (1289-1316)
louis xi: king of France who put down an alliance of unruly nobles and unified France except for Brittany (1423-1483)
louis xii: king of France who was popular with his subjects (1462-1515)
louis xiii: king of France from 1610 to 1643 who relied heavily on the advice of Cardinal Richelieu (1601-1643)
louis xiv: king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)
louis xv: grandson of Louis XIV and king of France from 1715 to 1774 who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1710-1774)
louis xvi: king of France from 1774 to 1792; his failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (1754-1793)
louis: United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)
lovelace: English poet (1618-1857)
lovell: English astronomer who pioneered radio astronomy (born in 1913)
low: British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963)
lowell: United States educator and president of Harvard University (1856-1943)
lowell: United States poet (1874-1925)
lowell: United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916)
lowell: United States poet (1917-1977)
lowry: English novelist (1909-1957)
lowry: English painter (1887-1976)
lozier: United States physician who in 1863 founded a medical school for women (1813-1888)
lubitsch: German filmmaker of sophisticated comedies (1892-1947)
lucas: United States screenwriter and filmmaker (born in 1944)
lucullus: Roman general famous for self-indulgence and giving lavish banquets (circa 110-57 BC)
luce: United States playwright and public official (1902-1987)
luce: United States publisher of magazines (1898-1967)
lucretius: Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC)
luculus: Roman general famous for giving lavish banquets (110-57 BC)
lugosi: United States film actor (born in Hungary) noted for portraying monsters (1884-1956)
luke: (New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel
lully: French composer (born in Italy) who was the court composer to Louis XIV and founded the national French opera (1632-1687)
lully: Spanish philosopher (1235-1315)
lunt: United States actor who performed with his wife Lynn Fontanne in many stage productions (1893-1977)
luther: German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)
lutyens: English architect who planned the city of New Delhi (1869-1944)
lyly: English writer noted for his elaborate style (1554-1606)
lysander: Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)
lysenko: Soviet geneticist whose adherence to Lamarck's theory of evolution was favored by Stalin (1898-1976)