AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
morris: leader of the American Revolution who signed the Declaration of Independence and raised money for the Continental Army (1734-1806)
morris: English poet and craftsman (1834-1896)
morris: United States suffragist in Wyoming (1814-1902)
morrison: United States writer whose novels describe the lives of African-Americans (born in 1931)
morrison: United States rock singer (1943-1971)
morse: United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)
mortimer: English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)
morton: United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)
mosander: Swedish chemist who discovered rare earth elements (1797-1858)
moses: (Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai
moses: United States painter of colorful and primitive rural scenes (1860-1961)
mossbauer: German physicist (born in 1929)
motherwell: United States abstract expressionist painter (1915-1991)
mott: United States feminist and suffragist (1793-1880)
moynihan: United States politician and educator (1927-2003)
mozart: prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy; master of the classical style in all its forms of his time (1756-1791)
mubarak: Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929)
muhammad: leader of Black Muslims who campaigned for independence for Black Americans (1897-1975)
muir: United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914)
mullah omar: reclusive Afghanistani politician and leader of the Taliban who imposed a strict interpretation of shariah law on Afghanistan (born in 1960)
muller: United States geneticist who studied the effects of X-rays on genes (1890-1967)
muller: British philologist (born in Germany) who specialized in Sanskrit (1823-1900)
muller: German mathematician and astronomer (1436-1476)
muller: German physiologist and anatomist (1801-1858)
muller: Swiss physicist who studied superconductivity (born in 1927)
muller: Swiss chemist who synthesized DDT and discovered its use as an insecticide (1899-1965)
munch: Norwegian painter (1863-1944)
munchhausen: German raconteur who told preposterous stories about his adventures as a soldier and hunter; his name is now associated with any telling of exaggerated stories or winning lies (1720-1797)
munro: British writer of short stories (1870-1916)
murdoch: British writer (born in Ireland) known primarily for her novels (1919-1999)
murdoch: United States publisher (born in Australia in 1931)
murray: Scottish philologist and the lexicographer who shaped the Oxford English Dictionary (1837-1915)
murray: British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)
murillo: Spanish painter (1617-1682)
murrow: United States broadcast journalist remembered for his reports from London during World War II (1908-1965)
musial: United States baseball player (born in 1920)
musset: French poet and writer (1810-1857)
mussolini: Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)
mussorgsky: Russian composer of operas and orchestral works (1839-1881)
muybridge: United States motion-picture pioneer remembered for his pictures of running horses taken with a series of still cameras (born in England) (1830-1904)
myrdal: Swedish economist (1898-1987)
nabokov: United States writer (born in Russia) (1899-1977)
nahum: a Hebrew minor prophet of the 7th century BC
naismith: United States educator (born in Canada) who invented the game of basketball (1861-1939)
nanak: Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism; he taught that all men had a right to search for knowledge of God and that spiritual liberation could be attained by meditating on the name of God (1469-1538)
nansen: Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)
naomi: the mother-in-law of Ruth whose story is told in the Book of Ruth in the Old Testament
napier: Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)
napoleon: French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
napoleon iii: nephew of Napoleon I and emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871 (1808-1873)
nash: United States writer noted for his droll epigrams (1902-1971)
nasser: Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1970)
nast: United States political cartoonist (1840-1902)
nation: United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911)
natta: Italian chemist noted for work on polymers (1903-1979)
sanchez: Venezuelan master terrorist raised by a Marxist-Leninist father; trained and worked with many terrorist groups (born in 1949)
navratilova: United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won nine Wimbledon women's singles championships (born in 1956)
nazimova: United States actress (born in Russia) (1879-1945)
nebuchadnezzar: (Old Testament) king of Chaldea who captured and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Israelites to Babylonia (630?-562 BC)
nicholas v: Italian pope from 1447 to 1455 who founded the Vatican library (1397-1455)
nimrod: (Old Testament) a famous hunter
neel: French physicist noted for research on magnetism (born in 1904)
nefertiti: queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC)
nehru: Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)
nelson: English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)
nernst: German physicist and chemist who formulated the third law of thermodynamics (1864-1941)
nero: Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)
neruda: Chilean poet (1904-1973)
nervi: Italian architect who pioneered in the use of reinforced concrete (1891-1979)
nerva: Emperor of Rome who introduced a degree of freedom after the repressive reign of Domitian; adopted Trajan as his successor (30-98)
nestor: (Greek mythology) a wise old counselor to the Greeks at Troy
nestorius: Syrian who was a Christian bishop and Patriarch of Constantinople in the early fifth century; one of the major heresies concerning the doctrine of the hypostasis of Christ was named after him (died in 451)
nevelson: United States sculptor (born in Russia) known for massive shapes of painted wood (1899-1988)
newcomb: United States astronomer (1835-1909)
newman: English prelate and theologian who (with John Keble and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement; Newman later turned to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal (1801-1890)
newman: United States film actor (born in 1925)
newton: English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)
ney: French marshal in the Napoleonic Wars (1769-1815)
nicholas: a bishop in Asia Minor who is associated with Santa Claus (4th century)
nicholas i: czar of Russia from 1825 to 1855 who led Russia into the Crimean War (1796-1855)
nicholas ii: the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution; he and his family were executed by the Bolsheviks (1868-1918)
nicklaus: United States golfer considered by many to be the greatest golfer of all time (born in 1940)
nicolson: English diplomat and author (1886-1968)
niebuhr: German historian noted for his critical approach to sources and for his history of Rome (1776-1831)
niebuhr: United States Protestant theologian (1892-1971)
nielsen: Danish composer (1865-1931)
nietzsche: influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values; considered, along with Kierkegaard, to be a founder of existentialism (1844-1900)
nightingale: English nurse remembered for her work during the Crimean War (1820-1910)
nijinsky: Russian dancer considered by many to be the greatest dancer of the 20th century (1890-1950)
nilsson: Swedish operatic soprano who played Wagnerian roles (born in 1918)
nimitz: United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)
nixon: vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)
noah: the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis
nobel: Swedish chemist remembered for his invention of dynamite and for the bequest that created the Nobel prizes (1833-1896)
noether: German mathematician (1882-1935)
noguchi: United States bacteriologist (born in Japan) who discovered the cause of yellow fever and syphilis (1876-1928)
noguchi: United States sculptor (1904-1988)
norman: Australian golfer (born in 1955)
norman: United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)
norris: United States writer (1870-1902)
norrish: English chemist (1897-1978)
north: British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)
northrop: United States biochemist (1891-1987)
nostradamus: French astrologer who wrote cryptic predictions whose interpretations are still being debated (1503-1566)
noyes: English poet (1880-1958)
nuffield: British industrialist who manufactured automobiles and created a philanthropic foundation (1877-1963)
nureyev: Russian dancer who was often the partner of Dame Margot Fonteyn and who defected to the United States in 1961 (born in 1938)
oakley: United States sharpshooter who was featured in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show (1860-1926)
oates: United States writer (born in 1938)
oates: English conspirator who claimed that there was a Jesuit plot to assassinate Charles II (1649-1705)
obadiah: a Hebrew minor prophet
o'brien: Irish writer (born in 1932)
o'casey: Irish playwright (1880-1964)
occam: English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349)
ochoa: United States biochemist (born in Spain) who studied the biological synthesis of nucleic acids (1905-1993)
ochs: United States newspaper publisher (1858-1935)
o'connor: United States writer (1925-1964)
odets: United States playwright (1906-1963)
odoacer: Germanic barbarian leader who ended the Western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493)
oersted: Danish physicist (1777-1851)
offenbach: French composer of many operettas and an opera (1819-1880)
o'flaherty: Irish writer of short stories (1896-1984)
ogden: English psychologist who collaborated with I. A. Richards in designing Basic English (1889-1957)
o'hara: United States writer (1905-1970)
ohm: German physicist who formulated Ohm's law (1787-1854)
o'keeffe: United States painter (1887-1986)
oken: German naturalist whose speculations that plants and animals are made up of tiny living `infusoria' led to the cell theory (1779-1851)
olaf ii: King and patron saint of Norway (995-1030)
oldenburg: United States sculptor (born in Sweden); a leader of the pop art movement who was noted for giant sculptures of common objects (born in 1929)
oldfield: United States race driver who was the first to drive faster than a mile a minute (1878-1946)
oliver: United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)
olivier: English actor best know for his Shakespearean roles (1907-1989)
olmsted: United States landscape architect primarily responsible for the design of Central Park in New York City (1822-1903)
omar khayyam: Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123)
ondaatje: Canadian writer (born in Sri Lanka in 1943)
o'neill: United States playwright (1888-1953)
ono: United States musician (born in Japan) who married John Lennon and collaborated with him on recordings (born in 1933)
onsager: United States chemist (born in Norway) noted for his work in thermodynamics (1903-1976)
oort: Dutch astronomer who proved that the galaxy is rotating and proposed the existence of the Oort cloud (1900-1992)
opel: German industrialist who was the first in Germany to use an assembly line in manufacturing automobiles (1871-1948)
oppenheimer: United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)
orbison: United States composer and rockabilly tenor popular in the 1950s (1936-1988)
orczy: British writer (born in Hungary) (1865-1947)
orff: German musician who developed a widely used system for teaching music to children (1895-1982)
origen: Greek philosopher and theologian who reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the philosophy of Neoplatonism; his work was later condemned as unorthodox (185-254)
ormandy: United States conductor (born in Hungary) (1899-1985)
orozco: Mexican painter noted for his monumental murals (1883-1949)
orr: Canadian hockey player (born 1948)
ortega: Nicaraguan statesman (born in 1945)
ortega y gasset: Spanish philosopher who advocated leadership by an intellectual elite (1883-1955)
orwell: imaginative British writer concerned with social justice (1903-1950)
osborne: English playwright (1929-1994)
osman i: the conqueror of Turkey who founded the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman dynasty that ruled Turkey after the 13th century; conquered most of Asia Minor and assumed the title of emir in 1299 (1259-1326)
ostwald: German chemist (1853-1932)
oswald: United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy (1939-1963)
otis: United States inventor who manufactured the first elevator with a safety device (1811-1861)
o'toole: British actor (born in Ireland in 1932)
otto i: King of the Germans and Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
ovid: Roman poet remembered for his elegiac verses on love (43 BC - AD 17)
owen: English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)
owen: Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)
owens: United States athlete and Black American whose success in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin outraged Hitler (1913-1980)
ozawa: United States conductor (born in Japan in 1935)
paderewski: Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941)
paganini: Italian violinist and composer of music for the violin (1782-1840)
page: United States diplomat and writer about the Old South (1853-1922)
page: English industrialist who pioneered in the design and manufacture of aircraft (1885-1962)
paget: English pathologist who discovered the cause of trichinosis (1814-1899)
pahlavi: Shah of Iran who was deposed in 1979 by Islamic fundamentalists (1919-1980)
paige: United States baseball player; a black pitcher noted for his longevity (1906-1982)
paine: American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
paine: American Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1731-1814)
palestrina: Italian composer (1526-1594)
palgrave: English poet (1824-1897)
palladio: highly original and much imitated Italian architect (1508-1580)
palmer: United States golfer (born in 1929)
panini: Indian grammarian whose grammatical rules for Sanskrit are the first known example of descriptive linguistics (circa 400 BC)
panofsky: art historian (1892-1968)
paracelsus: Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)
pareto: Italian sociologist and economist whose theories influenced the development of fascism in Italy (1848-1923)
park: Scottish explorer in Africa (1771-1806)
parker: United States writer noted for her sharp wit (1893-1967)
parker: United States saxophonist and leader of the bop style of jazz (1920-1955)
parkinson: British historian noted for ridicule of bureaucracies (1909-1993)
parkinson: English surgeon (1755-1824)
parks: United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)
parmenides: a presocratic Greek philosopher born in Italy; held the metaphysical view that being is the basic substance and ultimate reality of which all things are composed; said that motion and change are sensory illusions (5th century BC)
parnell: Irish nationalist leader (1846-1891)
parr: Queen of England as the 6th wife of Henry VIII (1512-1548)
parrish: United States painter (1870-1966)
parsons: United States sociologist (1902-1979)
pascal: French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662)
pasternak: Russian writer whose best known novel was banned by Soviet authorities but translated and published abroad (1890-1960)
pasteur: French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)
paterson: American Revolutionary leader (born in Ireland) who was a member of the Constitutional Convention (1745-1806)
paton: South African writer (1903-1988)
patrick: Apostle and patron saint of Ireland; an English missionary to Ireland in the 5th century
paul: (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle Paul's name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity
paul iii: Italian pope from 1534 to 1549 who excommunicated Henry VIII of England in 1538 and initiated the Council of Trent in 1545; was active in the Counter Reformation and promoted the Society of Jesus for this purpose (1468-1549)
paul vi: Italian pope from 1963 to 1978 who eased restrictions on fasting and on interfaith marriages (1897-1978)
paul: United States feminist (1885-1977)
pauli: United States physicist (born in Austria) who proposed the exclusion principle (thus providing a theoretical basis for the periodic table) (1900-1958)
pauling: United States chemist who studied the nature of chemical bonding (1901-1994)
pavarotti: Italian tenor (born in 1935)
pavlov: Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)
pavlova: Russian ballerina (1882-1931)
paxton: English architect (1801-1865)
peabody: educator who founded the first kindergarten in the United States (1804-1894)
peary: United States Arctic explorer and United States naval officer who has been regarded as the first man to reach the North Pole (1856-1920)
peel: British politician (1788-1850)
pei: United States architect (born in China in 1917)
peirce: United States philosopher and logician; pioneer of pragmatism (1839-1914)
peirce: United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880)
pelagius: a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will; his views were declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 (circa 360-418)
penn: Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
pepin: king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768)
pepys: English diarist whose diary contained detailed descriptions of 17th century disasters in England (1633-1703)
percy: English soldier killed in a rebellion against Henry IV (1364-1403)
percy: United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990)
pericles: Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)
peron: Argentine soldier who became president of Argentina (1895-1974)
perry: United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812; brother of Matthew Calbraith Perry (1785-1819)
perry: United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry (1794-1858)
perry: United States philosopher (1876-1957)
pershing: United States general who commanded the American forces in Europe during World War I (1860-1948)
perutz: English biochemist (born in Austria); studied the molecular structure of blood (1914-2002)
peter: disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope
peter i: czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government; he extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg (1682-1725)
petrarch: an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374)
petronius: Roman satirist (died in 66)
phidias: ancient Greek sculptor (circa 500-432 BC)
philemon: (New Testament) a Christian (probably living in Colossae) whose slave escaped and went to see Saint Paul
philemon: (Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety
philip: Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)
philip ii: king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598)
philip ii: king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)
philip ii: son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223)
philip v: king of ancient Macedonia whose confrontations with the Romans led to his defeat and his loss of control over Greece
philip vi: king of France who founded the Valois dynasty; his dispute with Edward III over his succession led to the Hundred Years' War (1293-1350)
phintias: friend of Damon; Phintias (according to legend) was condemned to death by Dionysius the Elder and asked a respite to put his affairs in order; Damon pledged his life for the return of his friend; when Phintias returned in time the tyrant released them both (4th century BC)
photius: Patriarch of Constantinople and saint of the Greek Orthodox Church; was condemned by the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 869 but was reinstated by a later pope
piaf: French cabaret singer (1915-1963)
piaget: Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980)
pickett: American Confederate general known for leading a disastrous charge at Gettysburg (1825-1875)
pickford: United States film actress (born in Canada) who starred in silent films (1893-1979)
pierce: 14th President of the United States (1804-1869)
picasso: prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973)
pilate: the Roman procurator of Judea who ordered that Jesus be crucified (died in AD 36)
pincus: United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967)
pindar: Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes (518?-438? BC)
pinter: English dramatist whose plays are characterized by silences and the use of inaction (born in 1930)
pirandello: Italian novelist and playwright (1867-1936)
piston: United States neoclassical composer (1894-1976)
pitman: English educator who invented a system of phonetic shorthand (1813-1897)
pitot: French physicist for whom the Pitot tube was named (1695-1771)
pitt: English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778)
pitt: English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806)
pitt: a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)