AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
glyceride: an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid
glycerol: a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils
glycerite: a medicine made by mixing a substance in glycerin
glycerogelatin: a medicated skin preparation made from glycerin and glycerinated gelatin
nitroglycerin: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)
glycolic acid: a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes
cluster of differentiation 4: a glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of helper T cells CD4 is a receptor for HIV in humans
cluster of differentiation 8: a membrane glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of cytotoxic T cells
hemoprotein: a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin
gondang wax: a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree
granular pearlite: if steel or iron cool very slowly the cementite may occur in globules instead of in layers
lubricant: a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
grease: a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)
greek fire: a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted
guanine: a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
essential oil: an oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings
attar: essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers
attar of roses: a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation
clove oil: essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines
turpentine: volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally
wormwood oil: a dark bitter oil obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs
resin: any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules
copalite: partly mineralized copal dug from the ground
congo copal: copal found usually as a fossil
kauri: resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum
dammar: any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine
zanzibar copal: a hard copal derived from an African tree
balm of gilead: a fragrant oleoresin
canada balsam: yellow transparent exudate of the balsam fir; used as a transparent cement in optical devices (especially in microscopy) and as a mounting medium
turpentine: obtained from conifers (especially pines)
chian turpentine: a turpentine exuded by the terebinth
copaiba: an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments
benzoin: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation
benzofuran: a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins
medium: an intervening substance through which something is achieved the dissolving medium is called a solvent
culture medium: (bacteriology) a nutrient substance (solid or liquid) that is used to cultivate micro-organisms
contrast medium: a substance that is opaque to x-rays; when administered it allows a radiologist to examine the organ or tissue it fills
agar: a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods
agar: any culture medium that uses agar as the gelling agent
algin: a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier
chicle: gum-like substance from the sapodilla
gum arabic: gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals)
senegal gum: gum arabic from the vicinity of the Senegal river
gum butea: dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent
kino: a gum obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning
sterculia gum: exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics
synthetic: a compound made artificially by chemical reactions
alkyd: a durable synthetic resin widely used in adhesives and paints
phenolic resin: a thermosetting resin
epoxy: a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates
polyurethane: any of various polymers containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are made and used as adhesives or plastics or paints or rubber
polyfoam: a foam made by adding water to polyurethane plastics
cinnamon stone: a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown
gumbo: any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water
hard lead: a lead alloy that contains about 5% antimony
hematite: the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form
hemlock: poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium Socrates refused to flee and died by drinking hemlock
hemolysin: any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin
herbicide: a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth
high-density lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
high-speed steel: an alloy steel that remains hard at a red heat; used to make metal-cutting tools
hip tile: a tile shaped so as to cover the hip of a hip roof
homogenate: material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed) liver homogenate
humic acid: a dark brown humic substance that is soluble in water only at pH values greater than 2 the half-life of humic acid is measured in centuries
hyacinth: a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
hyaline: a glassy translucent substance that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions
hyaluronidase: an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
pitch: any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue
hydrochloric acid: an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; a strongly corrosive acid
hydrofluorocarbon: a fluorocarbon emitted as a by-product of industrial manufacturing
hypo: a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing
hypoglycemic agent: any of various agents that decrease the level of glucose in the blood and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
hydrazo group: the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine
hydroxyl: the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols
hydroxide ion: the anion OH having one oxygen and one hydrogen atom
ice: water frozen in the solid state Americans like ice in their drinks
frost: ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)
iceland spar: a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes
inconel: a nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades
ideal gas: a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces
imidazole: an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor
impregnation: material with which something is impregnated the impregnation, whatever it was, had turned the rock blue
india ink: a black liquid ink used for printing or writing or drawing
printer's ink: a semisolid quick drying ink made especially for use in printing
indian red: a red soil containing ferric oxide; often used as a pigment
indian red: a red pigment composed in part from ferric oxide which is often used in paints and cosmetics
indoleacetic acid: a plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots
inoculant: a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease
insecticide: a chemical used to kill insects
insectifuge: a chemical substance that repels insects
repellent: a chemical substance that repels animals
repellent: a compound with which fabrics are treated to repel water
insulating material: a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity
invar: an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments
invertase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
javelle water: an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite
iron blue: any of various blue pigments
iron blue: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey
payne's grey: any pigment that produces a greyish to dark greyish blue
jade: a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite
japan wax: a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes
jargoon: a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon
kapok: a plant fiber from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation
paraffin: (British usage) kerosine
ketone body: a ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the body; any of three compounds (acetoacetic acid, acetone, and/or beta-hydroxybutyric acid) found in excess in blood and urine of persons with metabolic disorders
hydroxybutyric acid: hydroxy derivative of butyric acid
kleenex: a piece of soft absorbent paper (usually two or more thin layers) used as a disposable handkerchief
kwell: a preparation of lindane (trade name Kwell) that is used to kill lice and itch mites; available in cream or shampoo
labdanum: a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses
lactase: any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
lactose: a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose
lapis lazuli: an azure blue semiprecious stone
lauric acid: a crystalline fatty acid occurring as glycerides in natural fats and oils (especially coconut oil and palm-kernel oil)
lauryl alcohol: a colorless insoluble solid alcohol used to make detergents and pharmaceuticals
tuff: hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash
tufa: a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime
batholith: large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth
massicot: the mineral form of lead monoxide; in the form of yellow powder it is used as a pigment
leaf mold: soil composed mainly of decaying leaves
leaven: a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid
linen: a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish
hydroxide: a compound of an oxide with water
calcium hydroxide: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone
rottenstone: a weathered and decomposed siliceous limestone; in powdered form it is used in polishing
calcium hydride: a saltlike binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen
calcium sulphate: a white salt (CaSO4)
linoleic acid: a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid abundant in plant fats and oils; a fatty acid essential for nutrition; used to make soap
linoleum: a floor covering
lipid: an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
liquor: a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process waste liquors
litmus: a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator
lithium carbonate: a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder
lodestone: a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically
low-density lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
lumber: the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material
lysol: a clear oily brown solution of cresols in soap; used as an antiseptic and disinfectant
lysozyme: an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
mace: (trademark) a liquid that temporarily disables a person; prepared as an aerosol and sprayed in the face, it irritates the eyes and causes dizziness and immobilization
macromolecule: any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
epsom salts: hydrated magnesium sulfate that is taken orally to treat heartburn and constipation and injected to prevent seizures
magnetite: an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets
malathion: a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites
maltose: a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches
manifold paper: a lightweight paper used with carbon paper to make multiple copies an original and two manifolds
manila: a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp
manganese bronze: a brass with from 1-4% manganese to harden it
manganese steel: a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock
manila hemp: a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines
verd antique: a dark green impure marble
matchwood: wood in small pieces or splinters the vessel was beaten to matchwood on the rocks
megilp: a medium for oil-paints; linseed oil mixed with mastic varnish or turpentine
melamine: a white crystalline organic base; used mainly in making melamine resins
mercuric chloride: a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative
calomel: a tasteless colorless powder used medicinally as a cathartic
message pad: a pad of paper on which messages can be written
methane series: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)
methylene group: the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane
methyl: the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane
methyl salicylate: a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain
microtaggant: (trademark) a microscopic and traceable identification particle used to trace explosives or other hazardous materials or to prevent counterfeiting
mild steel: steel with less than 0.15% carbon
mold: loose soil rich in organic matter
monoamine oxidase: an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
monosaccharide: a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates
tartar emetic: a poisonous colorless salt used as a mordant and in medicine
mud: water soaked soil; soft wet earth
slop: deep soft mud in water or slush they waded through the slop
sludge: any thick, viscous matter
music paper: paper with lines appropriate for writing music
mustard gas: a toxic war gas with sulfide based compounds that raises blisters and attacks the eyes and lungs; there is no known antidote
myelin: a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers
myristic acid: a saturated fatty acid occurring naturally in animal and vegetable fats
man-made fiber: fiber created from natural materials or by chemical processes
natural fiber: fiber derived from plants or animals
animal fiber: fiber derived from animals
plant fiber: fiber derived from plants
natural gas: a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes
naval brass: alpha-beta brass containing tin; resistant to sea water; Admiralty Metal is a trademark
nerve gas: a toxic gas that is inhaled or absorbed through the skin and has harmful effects on the nervous and respiratory system
vx gas: a highly lethal nerve agent used in chemical warfare; a toxic liquid that penetrates the skin or lungs to disrupt the nervous system and stop respiration; in combat VX gas is deployed by detonating a container over the target area and can persist in the environment up to several weeks after release VX gas is one of those things we wish we could disinvent
sarin: a highly toxic chemical nerve agent that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase
newspaper: cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers they used bales of newspaper every day
nichrome: an alloy of nickel and chromium with high electrical resistance and an ability to withstand high temperatures; used for resistance heating elements
nickel-base alloy: an alloy whose main constituent is nickel
nickel silver: a silver-white alloy containing copper and zinc and nickel
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes
ni-hard: cast iron to which nickel has been added to make it resist abrasion
ni-resist: cast iron consisting of graphite in a matrix of austenite
nucleotide: a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
cellulose triacetate: cellulose acetate that is relatively slow to burn; used instead of celluloid for motion-picture film
cellulose xanthate: a cellulose ester obtained by treating cellulose with caustic soda
acrylic fiber: polymerized from acrylonitrile
polyamide: a polymer containing repeated amide groups
fixed oil: nonvolatile animal or plant oil
onionskin: a thin strong lightweight translucent paper used especially for making carbon copies
oxalacetate: a salt or ester of oxalacetic acid
oxalacetic acid: an acid formed by oxidation of maleic acid (as in metabolism of fats and carbohydrates)
oxalic acid: a toxic colorless crystalline organic acid found in oxalis and other plants; used as a bleach and rust remover and in chemical analysis
oxyacid: any acid that contains oxygen
pad: a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge
palmitic acid: a saturated fatty acid that is the major fat in meat and dairy products
pantothenic acid: a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids; occurs in many foods
para aminobenzoic acid: a metabolic acid found in yeast and liver cells; used to make dyes and drugs and sun blockers
papier-mache: a substance made from paper pulp that can be molded when wet and painted when dry
roofing paper: a heavy paper impregnated with tar and used as part of a roof for waterproofing
ola: leaf or strip from a leaf of the talipot palm used in India for writing paper
packing material: any material used especially to protect something
excelsior: thin curly wood shavings used for packing or stuffing
blacktop: a black bituminous material used for paving roads or other areas; usually spread over crushed rock
tarmacadam: a paving material of tar and broken stone; mixed in a factory and shaped during paving
parget: plaster used to coat outer walls and line chimneys
paving: material used to pave an area
penicillinase: enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
perfluorocarbon: a powerful greenhouse gas emitted during the production of aluminum
permalloy: an 80/20 alloy of nickel and iron; easily magnetized and demagnetized
petroleum: a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
residual oil: oil products that remain after petroleum has been distilled
petrolatum: a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication
system: (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface a system generating hydrogen peroxide
phenolic plastic: a plastic consisting of phenolic resins
phosphate: a salt of phosphoric acid
phosphocreatine: an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction
phosphoric acid: an acid used in fertilizers and soaps: H3PO4
plasmin: an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
plasminogen activator: protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
dna polymerase: the enzyme responsible for DNA replication
transcriptase: the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA
coloring material: any material used for its color she used a different color for the trim
dye: a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair
alizarin: an orange-red crystalline compound used in making red pigments and in dyeing
alizarin carmine: any of various acid dyes; used for dyeing wool scarlet red
bluing: used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge
bromophenol blue: a dye used as an acid-base indicator
bromothymol blue: a dye used as an acid-base indicator
direct dye: dye with a high affinity for cellulose fibers (cotton or rayon etc.)
eosin: a red fluorescent dye resulting from the action of bromine on fluorescein; used in cosmetics and as a biological stain for studying cell structures
fluorescein: a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
fluorescein isothiocyanate: a fluorochrome commonly conjugated with antibodies for use in indirect immunofluorescence
hair dye: a dye or tint for the hair
kendal green: a green dye, often used to color cloth, which is obtained from the woad plant
lead acetate: a poisonous white solid (Pb[CH3CO]2) used in dyeing cotton and in making enamels and varnishes
orchil: a purplish dye obtained from orchil lichens
watercolor: water-soluble pigment
plant material: material derived from plants
plaster of paris: any of several gypsum cements; a white powder (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs
podzol: a soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation; an organic mat over a grey leached layer
polysaccharide: any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
potassium ferrocyanide: a cyanide compound that is prepared by the reaction of potassium cyanide with ferrous salts; commonly used by gardeners
potassium permanganate: a poisonous salt that forms dark purple crystals and is purple-red when dissolved in water; used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant and antiseptic
polypropylene: a polymer of propylene used as a thermoplastic molding material
porphyry: any igneous rock with crystals embedded in a finer groundmass of minerals
potash: a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry
powder: a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized
product: a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction a product of lime and nitric acid
propanal: a colorless liquid aldehyde
propanol: a clear colorless volatile liquid (alcohol) used as a solvent and antiseptic
propenal: a pungent colorless unsaturated liquid aldehyde made from propene