AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
writer: writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)
wykehamist: a student enrolled in (or graduated from) Winchester College
yahoo: one of a race of brutes resembling men but subject to the Houyhnhnms in a novel by Jonathan Swift
yachtsman: a person who owns or sails a yacht
yanker: someone who gives a strong sudden pull
yankee: an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)
yard bird: a military recruit who is assigned menial tasks
yardie: member of an international gang of Jamaican criminals who sell drugs and violence A much publicized raid on a yardie stronghold had first been simulated at Riot City
yardmaster: a railroad employer who is in charge of a railway yard
yeoman: officer in the (ceremonial) bodyguard of the British monarch
yokel: a person who is not very intelligent or interested in culture
young buck: a teenager or a young adult male
young person: a young person (especially a young man or boy)
young turk: a young radical who agitates for reform
young turk: a member of one or more of the insurgent groups in Turkey in the late 19th century who rebelled against the absolutism of Ottoman rule
zealot: a member of an ancient Jewish sect in Judea in the first century who fought to the death against the Romans and who killed or persecuted Jews who collaborated with the Romans
zionist: a Jewish supporter of Zionism
zombi: a dead body that has been brought back to life by a supernatural force
zombi: a god of voodoo cults of African origin worshipped especially in West Indies
zombi: (voodooism) a spirit or supernatural force that reanimates a dead body
zoologist: a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals
zurvan: the Zoroastrian god of time
aalto: Finnish architect and designer of furniture (1898-1976)
aaron: (Old Testament) elder brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites; created the golden calf
aaron: United States professional baseball player who hit more home runs than Babe Ruth (born in 1934)
abel: Norwegian mathematician (1802-1829)
abelard: French philosopher and theologian; lover of Heloise (1079-1142)
abraham: the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son Judaism, Christianity, and Islam each has a special claim on Abraham
acheson: United States statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO (1893-1971)
adam: Scottish architect who designed many public buildings in England and Scotland (1728-1792)
adams: 2nd President of the United States (1735-1826)
adams: 6th President of the United States; son of John Adams (1767-1848)
adams: American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)
adenauer: German statesman; chancellor of West Germany (1876-1967)
adrian: English physiologist who conducted research into the function of neurons; 1st baron of Cambridge (1889-1997)
aeschylus: Greek tragedian; the father of Greek tragic drama (525-456 BC)
aesop: Greek author of fables (circa 620-560 BC)
agassiz: United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish; recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)
agee: United States novelist (1909-1955)
agricola: Roman general who was governor of Britain and extended Roman rule north to the Firth of Forth (37-93)
agrippa: Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)
agrippina: granddaughter of Augustus and mother of Caligula and Agrippina the Younger (14 BC - AD 33)
agrippina: wife who poisoned Claudius after her son Nero was declared heir and who was then put to death by Nero
ahab: according to the Old Testament he was a pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel (9th century BC)
aiken: United States writer (1889-1973)
ailey: United States choreographer noted for his use of African elements (born in 1931)
a kempis: German ecclesiastic (1380-1471)
akhenaton: early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC)
alaric: king of the Visigoths who captured Rome in 410 (370-410)
albee: United States dramatist (1928-)
albers: United States painter born in Germany; works characterized by simple geometrical patterns in various colors (1888-1976)
albert: prince consort of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1861)
alberti: Italian architect and painter; pioneering theoretician of Renaissance architecture (1404-1472)
alcaeus: Greek lyric poet of Lesbos; reputed inventor of Alcaic verse (611-580 BC)
alcibiades: ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)
alcott: United States novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)
alexander: king of Macedon; conqueror of Greece and Egypt and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)
alexander i: the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)
alexander ii: the son of Nicholas I who, as czar of Russia, introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881)
alexander iii: son of Alexander II who was czar of Russia (1845-1894)
alexander vi: Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503)
alfred: king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)
alger: United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)
algren: United States writer (1909-1981)
al-hakim: an Ismaili caliph of Egypt who declared himself an incarnation of God and founded the Druze religious sect (985-1021)
alhazen: an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)
ali: the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects
ali: United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship three times (born in 1942)
allen: a soldier of the American Revolution whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789)
allen: United States filmmaker and comic actor (1935-)
allen: United States comedienne remembered as the confused but imperturbable partner of her husband, George Burns (1906-1964)
alonso: Cuban dancer and choreographer (born in 1921)
amati: Italian violin maker in Cremona; taught the craft to Guarneri and Stradivari (1596-1684)
ambrose: (Roman Catholic Church) Roman priest who became bishop of Milan; the first Church Father born and raised in the Christian faith; composer of hymns; imposed orthodoxy on the early Christian church and built up its secular power; a saint and Doctor of the Church (340?-397)
amos: a Hebrew shepherd and minor prophet
amundsen: Norwegian explorer who was the first to traverse the Northwest Passage and in 1911 the first to reach the South Pole (1872-1928)
anaxagoras: a presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC)
anaximander: a presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC)
anaximenes: a presocratic Greek philosopher and associate of Anaximander who believed that all things are made of air in different degrees of density (6th century BC)
andersen: a Danish author remembered for his fairy stories (1805-1875)
anderson: United States physicist who discovered antimatter in the form of an antielectron that is called the positron (1905-1991)
anderson: United States contralto noted for her performance of spirituals (1902-1993)
anderson: United States dramatist (1888-1959)
anderson: United States physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923-)
anderson: United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)
andrew: (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland
andrews: United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)
anne: Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)
anouilh: French dramatist noted for his reinterpretations of Greek myths (1910-1987)
anselm: an Italian who was a Benedictine monk; was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109; one of the founders of scholasticism; best known for his proof of the existence of God
anthony: United States suffragist (1820-1906)
antichrist: (Christianity) the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ
antigonus: a general of Alexander the Great and king of Macedonia; lost one eye; killed in a battle at Ipsus (382-301 BC)
antoninus: Emperor of Rome; nephew and son-in-law and adoptive son of Antonius Pius; Stoic philosopher; the decline of the Roman Empire began under Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
antonius pius: Emperor of Rome; adoptive son of Hadrian (86-161)
antony: Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)
apollinaire: French poet; precursor of surrealism (1880-1918)
appleton: English physicist remembered for his studies of the ionosphere (1892-1966)
aquinas: (Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)
arafat: Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004)
aragon: French writer who generalized surrealism to literature (1897-1982)
archimedes: Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)
arendt: United States historian and political philosopher (born in Germany) (1906-1975)
aristarchus: an ancient Greek grammarian remembered for his commentary on the Iliad and Odyssey (circa 217-145 BC)
aristarchus of samos: an ancient Greek astronomer who was one of the first to propose a heliocentric theory of the universe (circa 270 BC)
aristophanes: an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies (448-380 BC)
aristotle: one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)
arius: a Greek who was a Christian theologian active in Alexandria and who was declared a heretic for his doctrines about God (which came to be known as Arianism) (256?-336)
arminius: German hero; leader at the battle of Teutoburger Wald in AD 9 (circa 18 BC - AD 19)
arminius: Dutch Protestant theologian who founded Arminianism which opposed the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin (1559-1609)
armstrong: United States pioneering jazz trumpeter and bandleader (1900-1971)
armstrong: United States astronaut; the first man to set foot on the Moon (July 20, 1969) (1930-)
arnold: United States general and traitor in the American Revolution; in 1780 his plan to surrender West Point to the British was foiled (1741-1801)
arnold: English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)
arnold of brescia: Italian theologian who censured the worldly possessions of monks and the temporal power of bishops and was condemned for dogmatic errors by the Second Lateran Council (early 12th century)
arp: Alsatian artist and poet who was cofounder of dadaism in Zurich; noted for abstract organic sculptures (1887-1966)
arrhenius: Swedish chemist and physicist noted for his theory of chemical dissociation (1859-1927)
artaxerxes i: king of Persia who sanctioned the practice of Judaism in Jerusalem (?-424 BC)
artaxerxes ii: king of Persia who subdued numerous revolutions and made peace with Sparta (?-359 BC)
arthur: a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot
arthur: elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)
asanga: Indian religious leader and founder of the Yogacara school of Buddhism in India (4th century)
asch: United States writer (born in Poland) who wrote in Yiddish (1880-1957)
ashe: United States tennis player who was the first Black to win United States and English singles championships (1943-1993)
ashton: British choreographer (1906-1988)
ashurbanipal: king of Assyria who built a magnificent palace and library at Nineveh (668-627 BC)
asimov: United States writer (born in Russia) noted for his science fiction (1920-1992)
astaire: United States dancer and cinema actor noted for his original and graceful tap dancing (1899-1987)
astor: United States capitalist (born in Germany) who made a fortune in fur trading (1763-1848)
astor: British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)
ataturk: Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938)
athanasius: (Roman Catholic Church) Greek patriarch of Alexandria who championed Christian orthodoxy against Arianism; a church father, saint, and Doctor of the Church (293-373)
athelstan: the first Saxon ruler who extended his kingdom to include nearly all of England (895-939)
attila: king of the Huns; the most successful barbarian invader of the Roman Empire (406-453)
attlee: British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967)
auchincloss: United States writer (born in 1917)
auden: United States poet (born in England) (1907-1973)
audubon: United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)
augustine: (Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)
augustus: Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)
austen: English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)
averroes: Arabian philosopher born in Spain; wrote detailed commentaries on Aristotle that were admired by the Schoolmen (1126-1198)
avicenna: Arabian physician and influential Islamic philosopher; his interpretation of Aristotle influenced St. Thomas Aquinas; writings on medicine were important for almost 500 years (980-1037)
avogadro: Italian physicist noted for his work on gases; proposed what has come to be called Avogadro's law (1776-1856)
bach: German baroque organist and contrapuntist; composed mostly keyboard music; one of the greatest creators of western music (1685-1750)
bacon: English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)
bacon: English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)
baedeker: German publisher of a series of travel guidebooks (1801-1859)
bailey: English lexicographer who was the first to treat etymology consistently; his work was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson (died in 1742)
bailey: United States singer (1918-1990)
bakunin: Russian anarchist; ally and later opponent of Karl Marx (1814-1876)
balanchine: United States dancer and choreographer (born in Russia) noted for his abstract and formal works (1904-1983)
balboa: Spanish explorer who in 1513 crossed the Isthmus of Darien and became the first European to see the eastern shores of the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)
baldwin: English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1867-1947)
baldwin: United States author who was an outspoken critic of racism (1924-1987)
balenciaga: Spanish fashion designer known for his stark elegant designs (1895-1972)
balfour: English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1848-1930)
ball: United States comedienne best known as the star of a popular television program (1911-1989)
balthazar: (New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus
balzac: French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)
bankhead: uninhibited United States actress (1903-1968)
banks: English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)
bannister: English runner who in 1954 became the first person to run a mile in less than four minutes (born in 1929)
banting: Canadian physiologist who discovered insulin with C. H. Best and who used it to treat diabetes(1891-1941)
baraka: United States writer of poems and plays about racial conflict (born in 1934)
barany: Austrian physician who developed a rotational method for testing the middle ear (1876-1936)
barbarossa: Barbary pirate (died in 1546)
barber: United States composer (1910-1981)
bardeen: United States physicist who won the Nobel prize for physics twice (1908-1991)
barkley: United States politician and lawyer; vice president of the United States (1877-1956)
barnum: United States showman who popularized the circus (1810-1891)
barrie: Scottish dramatist and novelist; created Peter Pan (1860-1937)
barrymore: United States actor; husband of Georgiana Emma Barrymore and father of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1847-1905)
barrymore: United States actress; daughter of John Drew and wife of Maurice Barrymore; mother of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1854-1893)
barrymore: United States actor; son of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1878-1954)
barrymore: United States actress; daughter of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1879-1959)
barrymore: United States actor; son of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1882-1942)
barth: United States novelist (born in 1930)
barth: Swiss Protestant theologian (1886-1968)
barthelme: United States author of sometimes surrealistic stories (1931-1989)
bartholdi: French sculptor best known for creating the Statue of Liberty now in New York harbor
bartholin: Danish physician who discovered Bartholin's gland (1585-1629)
bartlett: United States publisher and editor who compiled a book of familiar quotations (1820-1905)
bartlett: United States explorer who accompanied Peary's expedition to the North Pole and who led many other Arctic trips (1875-1946)
bartok: Hungarian composer and pianist who collected Hungarian folk music; in 1940 he moved to the United States (1881-1945)
baruch: a disciple of and secretary for the prophet Jeremiah
baruch: economic advisor to United States Presidents (1870-1965)
baryshnikov: Russian dancer and choreographer who migrated to the United States (born in 1948)
basil: (Roman Catholic Church) the bishop of Caesarea who defended the Roman Catholic Church against the heresies of the 4th century; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-379)
bathsheba: (Old Testament) the wife of Uriah and later the wife of king David; Solomon was her son by David (circa 10th century BC)
baudelaire: a French poet noted for macabre imagery and evocative language (1821-1867)
baum: United States writer of children's books (1856-1919)
bayard: French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)
bayes: English mathematician for whom Bayes' theorem is named (1702-1761)
beadle: United States biologist who discovered how hereditary characteristics are transmitted by genes (1903-1989)
beaumont: English dramatist who collaborated with John Fletcher (1584-1616)
beaumont: United States surgeon remembered for his studies of digestion (1785-1853)
beauvoir: French feminist and existentialist and novelist (1908-1986)
beaverbrook: British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964)
becket: (Roman Catholic Church) archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170; murdered following his opposition to Henry II's attempts to control the clergy (1118-1170)
beckett: a playwright and novelist (born in Ireland) who lived in France; wrote plays for the theater of the absurd (1906-1989)
becquerel: French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)
bede: (Roman Catholic Church) English monk and scholar (672-735)
beecher: United States clergyman who was a leader for the abolition of slavery (1813-1887)
beerbohm: English writer and caricaturist (1872-1956)
beethoven: German composer of instrumental music (especially symphonic and chamber music); continued to compose after he lost his hearing (1770-1827)
begin: Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)
behrens: German architect known for his simple utilitarian factory buildings (1868-1940)
belisarius: Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians
bell: United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922)
bell: English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961)
bell: a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905)
bellarmine: Italian cardinal and theologian (1542-1621)
bellini: Italian composer of operas (1801-1835)
belloc: English author (born in France) remembered especially for his verse for children (1870-1953)
bellow: United States author (born in Canada) whose novels influenced American literature after World War II (1915-2005)
belshazzar: (Old Testament) Babylonian general and son of Nebuchadnezzar II; according to the Old Testament he was warned of his doom by divine handwriting on the wall that was interpreted by Daniel (6th century BC)
benchley: United States humorist (1889-1945)
benedict: Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540 (480-547)
benedict xiv: pope who was a patron of the arts and who denounced the cruelty to the indigenous peoples of South America (1675-1758)
benedict xv: pope who founded the Vatican service for prisoners of war during World War I (1854-1922)
benedict: United States anthropologist (1887-1948)
benet: United States writer; brother of Stephen Vincent Benet (1886-1950)
benet: United States poet; brother of William Rose Benet (1898-1943)
ben gurion: Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)
benjamin: (Old Testament) the youngest and best-loved son of Jacob and Rachel and one of the twelve forebears of the tribes of Israel
bennett: United States aviator who (with Richard E. Byrd) piloted the first flight over the North Pole (1890-1928)
benny: United States comedian known for his timeing and delivery and self-effacing humor (1894-1974)
bentham: English philosopher and jurist; founder of utilitarianism (1748-1831)
benton: United States legislator who opposed the use of paper currency (1782-1858)
benton: United States artist whose paintings portrayed life in the Midwest and South (1889-1975)
berg: Austrian composer in Schoenberg's twelve-tone music system (1885-1935)
bergman: Swedish film director who used heavy symbolism and explored the psychology of the characters (born 1918)
bergman: Swedish film actress (1915-1982)
bergson: French philosopher who proposed elan vital as the cause of evolution and development (1859-1941)
beria: Soviet chief of secret police under Joseph Stalin; was executed by his associates in the power struggle following Stalin's death (1899-1953)
bering: Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)