AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
marsileaceae: clover ferns
marsilea: clover ferns
clover fern: any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets
nardoo: Australian clover fern
water clover: water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves
pilularia: pillworts
pillwort: European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps
genus regnellidium: one species of aquatic or semiaquatic fern
regnellidium: small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil
salviniaceae: water ferns
salvinia: type genus of the Salviniaceae: water ferns
floating-moss: free-floating aquatic ferns
azollaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Azolla
azolla: a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae
mosquito fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe
ophioglossales: coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae
ophioglossaceae: a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution
ophioglossum: the type genus of the fern family Ophioglossaceae
adder's tongue: ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue
ribbon fern: epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America
botrychium: grape fern; moonwort
moonwort: of America and Eurasia and Australia
daisyleaf grape fern: of North America and Eurasia
leathery grape fern: European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds
rattlesnake fern: American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle
helminthostachys: one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia
flowering fern: Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds
erysiphales: saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants
erysiphaceae: family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
erysiphe: genus of powdery mildews
sphaeriales: large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
sphaeriaceae: parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
neurospora: genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries
ceratostomataceae: fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
ceratostomella: genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
dutch elm fungus: fungus causing Dutch elm disease
hypocreales: used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae
hypocreaceae: family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
claviceps: fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
ergot: a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
xylariaceae: family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores
xylaria: type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata
black root rot fungus: fungus causing black root rot in apples
dead-man's-fingers: the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
rosellinia: fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores
helotiales: order of fungi having asci in a disk-shaped to goblet-shaped apothecium
helotiaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
helotium: type genus of the Helotiaceae
sclerotiniaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
genus sclerotinia: large genus of ascomycetous fungi including various destructive plant pathogens
sclerodermatales: an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
sclerodermataceae: a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
scleroderma: genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles
earthball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles
scleroderma citrinum: an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts
scleroderma flavidium: an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel
scleroderma bovista: an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity
podaxaceae: a variety of gastromycete
tulostomaceae: stalked puffballs
tulostoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae
hymenogastrales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
rhizopogonaceae: a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
rhizopogon: a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers
rhizopogon idahoensis: a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes greyish brown in maturity
truncocolumella: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae
truncocolumella citrina: a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue
zygomycota: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores
zygomycetes: class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
mucorales: an order of mostly saprophytic fungi
mucoraceae: large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
genus mucor: type genus of the Mucoraceae; genus of molds having cylindrical or pear-shaped sporangia not limited in location to points where rhizoids develop
genus rhizopus: a genus of rot-causing fungi having columnar hemispherical aerial sporangia anchored to the substrate by rhizoids
bread mold: a mold of the genus Rhizopus
leak fungus: fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes
entomophthorales: coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae
entomophthoraceae: mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
entomophthora: type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects
slime mold: a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists
myxomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista
myxomycetes: the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
true slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes
acrasiomycetes: cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista
genus dictostylium: genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation
phycomycetes: a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems
mastigomycota: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota
oomycetes: nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
chytridiomycetes: a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
chytridiales: simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
chytridiaceae: a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
blastocladiales: fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
blastodiaceae: a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
blastocladia: a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae
synchytriaceae: a fungus family of order Chytridiales
synchytrium: simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites
potato wart fungus: fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers
saprolegniales: order of chiefly aquatic fungi
saprolegnia: aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains
white fungus: a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)
peronosporales: order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae
peronosporaceae: parasitic fungi: downy mildews
peronospora: genus of destructive downy mildews
downy mildew: any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons
blue mold fungus: fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-grey mildew on undersides of leaves
onion mildew: fungus causing a downy mildew on onions
tobacco mildew: fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco
albuginaceae: fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
albugo: type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts
pythiaceae: fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
genus pythium: destructive root-parasitic fungi
damping off fungus: fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings
phytophthora: destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants
phytophthora citrophthora: causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits
phytophthora infestans: fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes
plasmodiophoraceae: family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
plasmodiophora: type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds
clubroot fungus: a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants
geglossaceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus
sarcosomataceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus
rufous rubber cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
tuberales: small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
tuberaceae: family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
tuber: type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles
truffle: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe
clavariaceae: fleshy fungi: coral fungi
hydnaceae: tooth fungi
hydnum: type genus of Hydnaceae
lichenes: comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi
lichenales: category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
lechanorales: category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia
lecanoraceae: a fungus family of the division Lichenes
genus lecanora: type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens
archil: any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil
roccellaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
genus roccella: chiefly fruticose maritime rock-inhabiting lichens
roccella: a source of the dye archil and of litmus
pertusariaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
pertusaria: crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus
usneaceae: fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria
usnea: widely distributed lichens usually having a greyish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus
beard lichen: greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees
evernia: lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus
ramalina: shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus
alectoria: lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus
horsehair lichen: any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair
cladoniaceae: a family of lichens
cladonia: type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia
reindeer moss: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans
parmeliaceae: a family of lichens
parmelia: type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens
crottle: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made
cetraria: foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes
iceland moss: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol
fungi: the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants
eumycota: true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)
eumycetes: category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
deuteromycota: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known
deuteromycetes: form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
basidiomycota: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi
basidiomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
homobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes
heterobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts
basidiomycete: any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota
hymenomycetes: used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
agaricales: typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
agaricaceae: large family including many familiar mushrooms
agaricus: type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species
horse mushroom: coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap
meadow mushroom: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce
lentinus: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae
shiitake: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe
scaly lentinus: a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice
amanita: genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions
royal agaric: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric
false deathcap: agaric often confused with the death cup
fly agaric: poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills
death cap: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills
blushing mushroom: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched
destroying angel: fungus similar to Amanita phalloides
fischer's slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom
cantharellus: a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles
chanterelle: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma
floccose chanterelle: a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet
pig's ears: an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound
cinnabar chanterelle: mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
omphalotus: a genus of fungi with a depressed disc in the cap
jack-o-lantern fungus: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent
coprinus: genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae
coprinaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
inky cap: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured
shaggymane: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores
lactarius: large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species
milkcap: edible mushroom
marasmius: chiefly small mushrooms with white spores
fairy-ring mushroom: mushroom that grows in a fairy ring
fairy ring: a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium
pleurotus: agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan
oyster mushroom: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood
olive-tree agaric: red luminescent mushroom of Europe
pholiota: genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood
pholiota astragalina: a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk
pholiota aurea: a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast
pholiota destruens: a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard
pholiota flammans: a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk
pholiota flavida: a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk
nameko: one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan
pholiota squarrosa-adiposa: a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks
pholiota squarrosa: a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age
pholiota squarrosoides: a pale buff fungus with tawny scales
russula: large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice
russulaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
strophariaceae: sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
stropharia: genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae
stropharia ambigua: a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released
stropharia hornemannii: a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring
stropharia rugoso-annulata: a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice
gill: any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
entolomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
entoloma: agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)
entoloma lividum: a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan
entoloma aprile: an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring
lepiotaceae: a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
genus chlorophyllum: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae
chlorophyllum molybdites: a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings'
genus lepiota: agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms
parasol mushroom: edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn
poisonous parasol: an agaric regarded as poisonous
lepiota naucina: an agaric with greyish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red
lepiota rhacodes: an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk
american parasol: an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base
lepiota rubrotincta: an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk
lepiota clypeolaria: an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap
onion stem: a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base
thelephoraceae: fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
corticium: genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
pink disease fungus: fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc
bottom rot fungus: fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce
pellicularia: genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
potato fungus: fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers
coffee fungus: fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants
tricholomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
tricholoma: agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible
blewits: edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap
sandy mushroom: an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)
tricholoma pessundatum: a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk
tricholoma sejunctum: an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins
man-on-a-horse: an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center
tricholoma venenata: a poisonous white agaric
tricholoma pardinum: a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine grey fibrils
tricholoma vaccinum: an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills and stalk
tricholoma aurantium: an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste
volvariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
volvaria: agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva
volvaria bombycina: a parasite on various trees
pluteaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
pluteus: a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer
pluteus aurantiorugosus: an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk
pluteus magnus: an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled
deer mushroom: a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods