AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
hygrophorus inocybiformis: a fungus with a drab squamulose cap and grey-brown squamules over the white background of the stalk and waxy grey-white gills
hygrophorus kauffmanii: a fungus with a slightly viscid cap; cap and gills are reddish brown and the stalk is grey
hygrophorus marzuolus: a grey fungus frequently found near melting snow banks
hygrophorus purpurascens: a fungus with a viscid purplish red cap and stalk; found under spruce and other conifers
hygrophorus russula: an edible fungus with a reddish cap and close pale gills and dry stalk; found under hardwoods
hygrophorus sordidus: an edible fungus with a large white cap and a dry stalk and white gills
hygrophorus tennesseensis: a fungus having a brownish sticky cap with a white margin and white gills and an odor of raw potatoes
hygrophorus turundus: a small fungus with orange cap and yellow gills found in sphagnum bogs
hygrotrama: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
hygrotrama foetens: a small grey-brown fungus with an unpleasant odor of mothballs
neohygrophorus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
neohygrophorus angelesianus: a fungus with a small brown convex cap with a depressed disc; waxy wine-colored gills and a brown stalk; fruits in or near melting snow banks in the western mountains of North America
cortinariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
cortinarius: the largest genus in the Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)
cortinarius armillatus: a fungus with large tawny caps and pale cinnamon gills and a red band of veil around the stalk; usually found near birch trees
cortinarius atkinsonianus: an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender
cortinarius corrugatus: a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown
cortinarius gentilis: a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk
cortinarius mutabilis: a fungus with a reddish purple cap having a smooth slimy surface; close violet gills; all parts stain dark purple when bruised
cortinarius semisanguineus: a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk
cortinarius subfoetidus: a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath
cortinarius violaceus: a fungus that is violet overall with a squamulose cap
gymnopilus: a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit
gymnopilus spectabilis: a fungus with a brownish orange fruiting body and a ring near the top of the stalk; the taste is bitter and the flesh contains psilocybin and psilocin
gymnopilus validipes: a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk
gymnopilus ventricosus: a giant fungus of the Pacific Northwest; has a very thick stalk and the cortina leaves a ring high up on the stalk
mold: a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter
moniliales: order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
genus verticillium: genus of imperfect fungi having conidia borne singly at the apex of whorled branchlets; cause wilt diseases
moniliaceae: family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
trichophyton: a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm and favus
microsporum: a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm
genus monilia: genus of parasitic yeastlike imperfect fungi having spherical or oval conidia in branched chains; some species usually placed in other genera especially genus Candida
genus candida: a genus of yeastlike imperfect fungi; sometimes included in genus Monilia of the family Moniliaceae
candida albicans: a parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina
cercosporella: form genus of imperfect fungi lacking pigment in the spores and conidiophores
penicillium: genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of penicillin
blastomyces: genus of pathogenic yeastlike fungi
dematiaceae: family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
cercospora: form genus of imperfect fungi that are leaf parasites with long slender spores
yellow spot fungus: fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)
ustilaginoidea: genus of imperfect fungi causing plant diseases like smut
green smut fungus: fungus causing green smut in rice
tuberculariaceae: large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
tubercularia: type genus of the Tuberculariaceae; fungi with nodules of red or pink conidia; some cause diebacks of woody plants
genus fusarium: a form genus of mostly plant parasites some of which cause dry rot; in humans a species can cause inflammation of cornea leading to blindness
mycelia sterilia: order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage
genus rhizoctinia: form genus of imperfect fungi some species of which are now placed in genera Pellicularia and Corticium because their perfect stages have been found
ozonium: form genus of imperfect fungi
sclerotium: form genus of sterile imperfect fungi; many form sclerotia; some cause sclerotium disease in plants
bedder: an ornamental plant suitable for planting in a flowerbed
vascular plant: green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
crop: the yield from plants in a single growing season
field crop: a crop (other than fruits or vegetables) that is grown for agricultural purposes cotton, hay, and grain are field crops
fruitage: the yield of fruit a tree highly recommended for its fruitage
plant part: any part of a plant or fungus
plant process: a natural projection or outgrowth from a plant body or organ
nodule: small rounded wartlike protuberance on a plant
spine: a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf
glochidium: a barbed spine or bristle (often tufted on cacti)
hair: filamentous hairlike growth on a plant peach fuzz
sporophyll: leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia
sporangium: organ containing or producing spores
theca: a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule
veil: a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms
annulus: (Fungi) a remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the stem like a collar
antherozoid: a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
pulp: a soft moist part of a fruit
heartwood: the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood
vascular bundle: a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem
vein: any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ
midrib: the vein in the center of a leaf
vascular ray: a sheet of vascular tissue separating the vascular bundles
phloem: (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes
bast: strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants
evergreen: a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
cirrus: usually coiled
woody plant: a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
snag: a dead tree that is still standing, usually in an undisturbed forest a snag can provide food and a habitat for insects and birds
conifer: any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones
angiospermous tree: any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary
stump: the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
groundcover: small plants other than saplings growing on a forest floor
groundcover: low-growing plants planted in deep shade or on a steep slope where turf is difficult to grow
shrub: a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems
subshrub: low-growing woody shrub or perennial with woody base
hemiparasite: a parasitic plant that contains some chlorophyll and therefore is capable of photosynthesis
desert plant: plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
mesophyte: land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte
aquatic plant: a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
marsh plant: a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath
air plant: plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it
hemiepiphyte: a plant that is an epiphyte for part of its life
strangler: an epiphytic vine or tree whose aerial roots extend down the trunk of a supporting tree and coalesce around it eventually strangling the tree
lithophyte: plant that grows on rocks or stony soil and derives nourishment from the atmosphere
rupestral plant: plants growing among rocks
saprophyte: an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium
autophyte: plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances
rootage: a developed system of roots
cutting: a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
quickset: cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines a quickset of a vine planted in a vineyard
stolon: a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
crown: the upper branches and leaves of a tree or other plant
rhizome: a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
stalk: a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
cladode: a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
stock: persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
scape: erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
petiole: the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
blade: especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
pedicel: a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle
thyrse: a dense flower cluster (as of the lilac or horse chestnut) in which the main axis is racemose and the branches are cymose
ear: fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
capitulum: a dense cluster of flowers or foliage a head of cauliflower a head of lettuce
bulbil: small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
kernel: the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell
aggregate fruit: fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
simple fruit: an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
drupe: fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
pome: a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
pod: a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
pyxidium: fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released
pod: the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
pea pod: husk of a pea; edible in some garden peas
accessory fruit: fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry
rhamnales: an order of dicotyledonous plants
rhamnaceae: trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
rhamnus: type genus of the Rhamnaceae: buckthorns
buckthorn berry: fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
cascara buckthorn: shrubby tree of the Pacific coast of the United States; yields cascara sagrada
cascara: dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
carolina buckthorn: deciduous shrub of eastern and central United States having black berrylike fruit; golden-yellow in autumn
coffeeberry: evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits
alder buckthorn: small tree common in Europe
redberry: small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries
colubrina: mostly tropical American shrubs or small trees with small yellowish flowers and yellow or red fruits
ziziphus: spiny chiefly tropical American and Asiatic shrubs: jujubes
jujube: spiny tree having dark red edible fruits
lotus tree: shrubby deciduous tree of the Mediterranean region
paliurus: thorny Eurasian shrubs
christ's-thorn: thorny Eurasian shrub with dry woody winged fruit
pomaderris: a genus of Australasian shrubs and trees
hazel: Australian tree grown especially for ornament and its fine-grained wood and bearing edible nuts
vitaceae: a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
vitis: the type genus of the family Vitaceae; woody vines with simple leaves and small flowers; includes a wide variety of grapes
grape: any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries
fox grape: native grape of northeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties e.g. Concord grapes
muscadine: native grape of southeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties
vinifera: common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes
chardonnay: white wine grape
pinot: any of several purple or white wine grapes used especially for Burgundies and champagnes
pinot noir: red wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Burgundy, France
pinot blanc: white wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Chablis, France
sauvignon grape: small blue-black grape of Medoc region of France highly prized in winemaking
cabernet sauvignon grape: superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California
sauvignon blanc: white wine grape grown in California
merlot: black wine grape originally from the region of Bordeaux
muscadet: white grape grown especially in the valley the Loire in France
riesling: white grape grown in Europe and California
zinfandel: small black grape grown chiefly in California; transplanted from Europe
chenin blanc: white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France
muscat: any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes
verdicchio: a variety of white wine grape grown in Italy
parthenocissus: woody vines having disklike tips on the tendrils
boston ivy: Asiatic vine with three-lobed leaves and purple berries
virginia creeper: common North American vine with compound leaves and bluish-black berrylike fruit
piperales: Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae
piperaceae: tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
piper: type genus of the Piperaceae: large genus of chiefly climbing tropical shrubs
true pepper: any of various shrubby vines of the genus Piper
pepper: climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam
long pepper: slender tropical climber of the eastern Himalayas
betel: Asian pepper plant whose dried leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians
cubeb: tropical southeast Asian shrubby vine bearing spicy berrylike fruits
genus peperomia: large genus of small tropical usually succulent herbs
watermelon begonia: grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America
chloranthaceae: small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
chloranthus: type genus of the Chloranthaceae
saururaceae: family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus, Anemopsis, Houttuynia
saururus: type genus of the Saururaceae: lizard's-tails
lizard's-tail: North American herbaceous perennial of wet places having slender curled racemes of small white flowers
anemopsis: one species: yerba mansa
yerba mansa: stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
houttuynia: one species; east Asian low-growing plant of wet places
leaf: the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
greenery: green foliage
hydathode: a pore that exudes water on the surface or margin of a leaf of higher plants
node: (botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge
pinna: division of a usually pinnately divided leaf
bracteole: a small bract
lemma: the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae
scale: a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
bijugate leaf: a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets
acerate leaf: the leaf of a conifer
linear leaf: a long slender leaf
pandurate leaf: a fiddle-shaped leaf
sagittate-leaf: a leaf shaped like an arrow head
even-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex
tapa: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus
angostura bark: the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters
haulm: stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
limb: any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
branchlet: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
wand: a thin supple twig or rod stems bearing slender wands of flowers
withe: strong flexible twig
trunk: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
filicopsida: ferns
filicales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns
gleicheniaceae: a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales
gleichenia: type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand
dicranopteris: terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical
diplopterygium: scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific
giant scrambling fern: large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China
sticherus: umbrella ferns; warm regions of Australia and New Zealand
umbrella fern: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia
parkeriaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae
ceratopteris: water ferns
floating fern: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums
floating fern: pantropical aquatic fern
polypodiaceae: ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)
polypodium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae and having rounded naked sori
licorice fern: fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor
grey polypody: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa
leatherleaf: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib
rock polypody: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia
common polypody: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia
aglaomorpha: epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia
bear's-paw fern: epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines
campyloneurum: epiphytic ferns of tropical America
florida strap fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay
central american strap fern: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina
drymoglossum: epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea
drynaria: large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia
basket fern: giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia
genus lecanopteris: epiphytic ferns of southeastern Asia to New Guinea
microgramma: epiphytic ferns of tropical America and Africa
snake polypody: epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America
microsorium: tropical usually epiphytic ferns; Africa to Asia and Polynesia to Australia
climbing bird's nest fern: tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia
phlebodium: chiefly epiphytic tropical ferns with free veins bearing sori
golden polypody: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium
platycerium: often epiphytic tropical Old World ferns
south american staghorn: fern of Peru and Bolivia
common staghorn fern: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia
pyrrosia: epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of tropical Old World
felt fern: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus
solanopteris: tropical American epiphytic ferns having rhizomes with tubers and roots as well as scales
potato fern: small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes
cyclophorus: tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia
adiantaceae: used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)
vittariaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria
vittaria: tropical epiphytic ferns with straplike fronds
grass fern: epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America
aspleniaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria
asplenium: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
black spleenwort: spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent
bird's nest fern: tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches
ebony spleenwort: common North American fern with polished black stripes
black-stem spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil
camptosorus: classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium
walking fern: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip
maidenhair spleenwort: small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds
green spleenwort: a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere
mountain spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern North America
wall rue: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America
bradley's spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States
lobed spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States
lanceolate spleenwort: a spleenwort of western Europe
hart's-tongue: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds