AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
diana: English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)
diane de poitiers: French noblewoman who was the mistress of Henry II; she had more influence over him than did his wife Catherine de Medicis (1499-1566)
dias: Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)
dickens: English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)
dickinson: United States poet noted for her mystical and unrhymed poems (1830-1886)
diderot: French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)
didion: United States writer (born in 1934)
diesel: German engineer (born in France) who invented the diesel engine (1858-1913)
dietrich: United States film actress (born in Germany) who made many films with Josef von Sternberg and later was a successful cabaret star (1901-1992)
dimaggio: United States professional baseball player noted for his batting ability (1914-1999)
dinesen: Danish writer who lived in Kenya for 19 years and is remembered for her writings about Africa (1885-1962)
diocletian: Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303 (245-313)
diogenes: an ancient Greek philosopher and Cynic who rejected social conventions (circa 400-325 BC)
dionysius: the tyrant of Syracuse who fought the Carthaginians (430-367 BC)
diophantus: Greek mathematician who was the first to try to develop an algebraic notation (3rd century)
dior: French couturier whose first collection in 1947 created a style that became known as the New Look (1905-1957)
dirac: English theoretical physicist who applied relativity theory to quantum mechanics and predicted the existence of antimatter and the positron (1902-1984)
disney: United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck; founded Disneyland (1901-1966)
disraeli: British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881)
dix: United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill; superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War (1802-1887)
doctorow: United States novelist (born in 1931)
dolby: United States electrical engineer who devised the Dolby system used to reduce background noise in tape recording
domingo: Spanish operatic tenor noted for performances in operas by Verdi and Puccini (born in 1941)
dominic: (Roman Catholic Church) Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans or Black Friars (circa 1170-1221)
domino: United States rhythm and blues pianist and singer and composer (born in 1928)
domitian: Emperor of Rome; son of Vespasian who succeeded his brother Titus; instigated a reign of terror and was assassinated as a tyrant (51-96)
donatello: Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466)
donatus: Roman grammarian whose textbook on Latin grammar was used throughout the Middle Ages (fourth century)
donizetti: Italian composer of operas (1797-1848)
don juan: a legendary Spanish nobleman and philanderer who became the hero of many poems and plays and operas
donkin: English engineer who developed a method of preserving food by sterilizing it with heat and sealing it inside a steel container--the first tin can (1768-1855)
donne: English clergyman and metaphysical poet celebrated as a preacher (1572-1631)
doolittle: United States Air Force officer who electrified the world in 1942 by leading a squadron of 16 bombers on a daylight raid over Tokyo (1896-1993)
doppler: Austrian physicist famous for his discovery of the Doppler effect (1803-1853)
dos passos: United States novelist remembered for his portrayal of life in the United States (1896-1970)
dostoyevsky: Russian novelist who wrote of human suffering with humor and psychological insight (1821-1881)
douglas: United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)
douglass: United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)
dowding: British marshal of the RAF who commanded the British air defense forces that defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain (1882-1970)
dowland: English lutenist and composer of songs for the lute (1563-1626)
down: English physician who first described Down's syndrome (1828-1896)
downing: United States landscape architect who designed the grounds of the White House and the Capitol Building (1815-1852)
d'oyly carte: English impresario who brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and produced many of their operettas in London (1844-1901)
draco: Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)
drake: English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)
dreiser: United States novelist (1871-1945)
drew: United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)
dreyfus: French army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-Semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)
dryden: the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)
du barry: courtier and influential mistress of Louis XV who was guillotined during the French Revolution (1743-1793)
du bois: United States civil rights leader and political activist who campaigned for equality for Black Americans (1868-1963)
duchamp: French artist who immigrated to the United States; a leader in the dada movement in New York City; was first to exhibit commonplace objects as art (1887-1968)
dufy: French painter noted for brightly colored scenes (1877-1953)
dukas: French composer (1865-1935)
dulles: United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)
dumas: French writer remembered for his swashbuckling historical tales (1802-1870)
du maurier: English writer and illustrator; grandfather of Daphne du Maurier (1834-1896)
du maurier: English writer of melodramatic novels (1907-1989)
duncan: United States dancer and pioneer of modern dance (1878-1927)
duns scotus: Scottish theologian who was very influential in the Middle Ages (1265-1308)
durant: United States historian (1885-1981)
durante: United States comedian remembered for his large nose and hoarse voice (1893-1980)
durer: a leading German painter and engraver of the Renaissance (1471-1528)
durkheim: French sociologist and first professor of sociology at the Sorbonne (1858-1917)
durrell: English writer of Irish descent who spent much of his life in Mediterranean regions (1912-1990)
duse: Italian actress best known for her performances in tragic roles (1858-1924)
duvalier: oppressive Haitian dictator (1907-1971)
duvalier: son and successor of Francois Duvalier as president of Haiti; he was overthrown by a mass uprising in 1986 (born in 1951)
dvorak: Czech composer who combined folk elements with traditional forms (1841-1904)
dylan: United States songwriter noted for his protest songs (born in 1941)
eames: United States designer noted for an innovative series of chairs (1907-1978)
earhart: first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928); while attempting to fly around the world she disappeared over the Pacific (1898-1937)
eastman: United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)
eccles: Australian physiologist noted for his research on the conduction of impulses by nerve cells (1903-1997)
eck: a German Roman Catholic theologian who was an indefatigable opponent of Martin Luther (1486-1543)
eckhart: German Roman Catholic theologian and mystic (1260-1327)
eddington: English astronomer remembered for his popular elucidation of relativity theory (1882-1944)
eddy: founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)
ederle: United States swimmer who in 1926 became the first woman to swim the English Channel (1906-2003)
edgar: the younger brother of Edwy who became king of Northumbria when it renounced Edwy; on Edwy's death he succeeded to the throne of England (944-975)
edison: United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)
edmund i: king of the English who succeeded Athelstan; he drove out the Danes and made peace with Scotland (921-946)
edmund ii: king of the English who led resistance to Canute but was defeated and forced to divide the kingdom with Canute (980-1016)
edward: son of Edward III who defeated the French at Crecy and Poitiers in the Hundred Years' War (1330-1376)
edward: third son of Elizabeth II (born in 1964)
edward: King of England from 1272 to 1307; conquered Wales (1239-1307)
edward: King of England from 1307 to 1327 and son of Edward I; was defeated at Bannockburn by the Scots led by Robert the Bruce; was deposed and died in prison (1284-1327)
edward: son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377; his claim to the French throne provoked the Hundred Years' War; his reign was marked by an epidemic of the Black Plague and by the emergence of the House of Commons as the powerful arm of British Parliament (1312-1377)
edward: King of England from 1461 to 1470 and from 1471 to 1483; was dethroned in 1470 but regained the throne in 1471 by his victory at the battle of Tewkesbury (1442-1483)
edward: King of England who was crowned at the age of 13 on the death of his father Edward IV but was immediately confined to the Tower of London where he and his younger brother were murdered (1470-1483)
edward: King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553; son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; died of tuberculosis (1537-1553)
edward: King of England from 1901 to 1910; son of Victoria and Prince Albert; famous for his elegant sporting ways (1841-1910)
edward: King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)
edwards: American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)
edward the confessor: son of Ethelred the Unready; King of England from 1042 to 1066; he founded Westminster Abbey where he was eventually buried (1003-1066)
edward the elder: king of Wessex whose military success against the Danes made it possible for his son Athelstan to become the first king of all England (870-924)
edward the martyr: King of England who was a son of Edgar; he was challenged for the throne by supporters of his half-brother Ethelred II who eventually murdered him (963-978)
edwin: king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)
edwy: King of England who was renounced by Northumbria in favor of his brother Edgar (died in 959)
egbert: king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)
eglevsky: United States ballet dancer (born in Russia) (1917-1977)
ehrenberg: Russian novelist (1891-1967)
ehrlich: German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet' to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915)
eichmann: Austrian who became the Nazi official who administered the concentration camps where millions of Jews were murdered during World War II (1906-1962)
eiffel: French engineer who constructed the Eiffel Tower (1832-1923)
eigen: German chemist who did research on high-speed chemical reactions (born in 1927)
eijkman: Dutch physician who discovered that beriberi is caused by a nutritional deficiency (1858-1930)
einstein: physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)
einthoven: Dutch physiologist who devised the first electrocardiograph (1860-1927)
eisenhower: United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)
eisenstaedt: United States photographer (born in Germany) whose unposed documentary photographs created photojournalism (born in 1898)
eisenstein: Russian film maker who pioneered the use of montage and is considered among the most influential film makers in the history of motion pictures (1898-1948)
ekman: Swedish oceanographer who recognized the role of the Coriolis effect on ocean currents (1874-1954)
eleanor of aquitaine: queen of France as the wife of Louis VII; that marriage was annulled in 1152 and she then married Henry II and became Queen of England (1122-1204)
elgar: British composer of choral and orchestral works including two symphonies as well as songs and chamber music and music for brass band (1857-1934)
el greco: Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)
elijah: a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC)
eliot: British writer of novels characterized by realistic analysis of provincial Victorian society (1819-1880)
eliot: British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)
elizabeth: Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)
elizabeth: daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-) Elizabeth II is the head of state in Great Britain
ellington: United States jazz composer and piano player and bandleader (1899-1974)
ellison: United States novelist who wrote about a young Black man and his struggles in American society (1914-1994)
ellsworth: United States jurist and the third chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1807)
emerson: United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)
empedocles: Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)
endecott: born in England; in 1629 he became the founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1588-1665)
enesco: Romanian violinist and composer (1881-1955)
engels: socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895)
epictetus: Greek philosopher who was a Stoic (circa 50-130)
epicurus: Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)
epstein: British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)
erasmus: Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)
eratosthenes: Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the Moon and sun (276-194 BC)
erlenmeyer: German chemist (1825-1909)
ernst: painter (born in Germany, resident of France and the United States) who was a cofounder of dadaism; developed the technique of collage (1891-1976)
erving: United States basketball forward (born in 1950)
esaki: physicist honored for advances in solid state electronics (born in Japan in 1925)
esau: (Old Testament) the eldest son of Isaac who would have inherited the covenant that God made with Abraham and that Abraham passed on to Isaac; he traded his birthright to his twin brother Jacob for a mess of pottage
esther: (Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)
ethelbert: Anglo-Saxon king of Kent who was converted to Christianity by Saint Augustine; codified English law (552-616)
ethelred: king of Wessex and Kent and elder brother of Alfred; Alfred joined Ethelred's battle against the invading Danes and succeeded him on his death (died in 871)
ethelred: king of the English who succeeded to the throne after his half-brother Edward the Martyr was murdered; he struggled unsuccessfully against the invading Danes (969-1016)
euclid: Greek geometer (3rd century BC)
eugene: Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)
euler: Swiss mathematician (1707-1783)
euripides: one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece (480-406 BC)
eusebius: Christian bishop of Caesarea in Palestine; a church historian and a leading early Christian exegete (circa 270-340)
eustachio: Italian anatomist who was one of the fathers of modern anatomy; noted for descriptions of the ear and the heart (1520-1574)
evans: British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)
evans: United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)
evers: United States civil rights worker in Mississippi; was killed by a sniper (1925-1963)
evert: United States tennis player who won women's singles titles in the United States and at Wimbledon (born in 1954)
eyck: Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
eysenck: a British psychologist (born in Germany) noted for his theories of intelligence and personality and for his strong criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis
ezekiel: a Hebrew prophet of the 6th century BC who was exiled to Babylon in 587 BC
ezra: a Jewish priest and scribe sent by the Persian king to restore Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem
faberge: Russian goldsmith noted for creating a series of jeweled and enameled Easter eggs for European royalty (1846-1920)
fahd: king of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005 (1923-2005)
fahrenheit: German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)
fairbanks: United States film actor noted for his swashbuckling roles (1883-1939)
fairbanks: United States film actor; son of Douglas Elton Fairbanks, (1909-2000)
faisal: king of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975 (1906-1975)
falla: Spanish composer and pianist (1876-1946)
fallopius: Italian anatomist who first described the Fallopian tubes (1523-1562)
fallot: French physician who described cardiac anomalies including Fallot's tetralogy (1850-1911)
faraday: the English physicist and chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867)
farmer: an expert on cooking whose cookbook has undergone many editions (1857-1915)
farmer: United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920)
farouk i: king of Egypt who in 1952 was ousted by a military coup d'etat (1920-1965)
farragut: United States admiral who commanded Union ships during the American Civil War (1801-1870)
farrell: United States operatic soprano noted for the clarity and power of her voice (1920-2002)
farrell: United States writer remembered for his novels (1904-1979)
fatima: youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)
faulkner: United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)
fawkes: English conspirator who was executed for his role in a plot to blow up James I and the Houses of Parliament (1570-1606)
fechner: German physicist who founded psychophysics; derived Fechner's law on the basis of early work by E. H. Weber (1801-1887)
feifer: United States cartoonist who created a sarcastic comic strip (born in 1929)
fellini: Italian filmmaker (1920-1993)
ferber: United States novelist; author of several popular novels (1887-1968)
ferdinand i: king of Castile and Leon who achieved control of the Moorish kings of Saragossa and Seville and Toledo (1016-1065)
ferdinand i: Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia (1503-1564)
ferdinand ii: Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia and Hungary who waged war against Protestant forces (1578-1637)
ferdinand iii: Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia who signed the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War (1608-1657)
ferdinand: the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella; his marriage to Isabella I in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain and their capture of Granada from the Moors in 1492 united Spain as one country; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and supported the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1452-1516)
fermat: French mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with Pascal) to the theory of probability (1601-1665)
fermi: Italian nuclear physicist (in the United States after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)
feynman: United States physicist who contributed to the theory of the interaction of photons and electrons (1918-1988)
fiedler: popular United States conductor (1894-1979)
fielding: English novelist and dramatist (1707-1754)
fields: United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)
fillmore: elected vice president and became the 13th President of the United States when Zachary Taylor died in office (1800-1874)
finnbogadottir: former president of Iceland; first woman to be democratically elected head of state (born in 1930)
firth: English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)
fischer: United States chess master; world champion from 1972 to 1975 (born in 1943)
fischer: German chemist noted for work on synthetic sugars and the purines (1852-1919)
fischer: German chemist noted for his synthesis of hemin (1881-1945)
fitzgerald: United States scat singer (1917-1996)
fitzgerald: United States author whose novels characterized the Jazz Age in the United States (1896-1940)
fitzgerald: English poet remembered primarily for his free translation of the poetry of Omar Khayyam (1809-1883)
flaminius: Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)
flaubert: French writer of novels and short stories (1821-1880)
fleming: Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1881-1955)
fleming: British writer famous for writing spy novels about secret agent James Bond (1908-1964)
fletcher: prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)
flinders: British explorer who mapped the Australian coast (1774-1814)
florey: British pathologist who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1898-1968)
florio: English lexicographer remembered for his Italian and English dictionary (1553-1625)
flory: United States chemist who developed methods for studying long-chain molecules (1910-1985)
fonda: United States film actor (1905-1982)
fonda: United States film actress and daughter of Henry Fonda (born in 1937)