AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
dwarf grey willow: willow shrub of dry places in the eastern United States having long narrow leaves canescent beneath
bearberry willow: dwarf prostrate mat-forming shrub of Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Greenland having deep green elliptic leaves that taper toward the base
common osier: willow with long flexible twigs used in basketry
populus: a genus of trees of the family Salicaceae that is found in the northern hemisphere; poplars
poplar: any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins
balsam poplar: poplar of northeastern North America with broad heart-shaped leaves
white poplar: a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves with whitish undersurfaces
grey poplar: large rapidly growing poplar with faintly lobed dentate leaves grey on the lower surface; native to Europe but introduced and naturalized elsewhere
black poplar: large European poplar
lombardy poplar: distinguished by its columnar fastigiate shape and erect branches
eastern cottonwood: a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber
black cottonwood: cottonwood of western North America with dark green leaves shining above and rusty or silvery beneath
swamp cottonwood: North American poplar with large rounded scalloped leaves and brownish bark and wood
quaking aspen: Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North Africa
american quaking aspen: slender aspen native to North America
canadian aspen: aspen with a narrow crown; eastern North America
santalales: order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots
santalaceae: chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
santalum: parasitic trees of Indonesia and Malaysia
sandalwood tree: parasitic tree of Indonesia and Malaysia having fragrant close-grained yellowish heartwood with insect repelling properties and used, e.g., for making chests
genus buckleya: small genus of Asiatic and American parasitic shrubs
buckleya: parasitic shrub of the eastern United States having opposite leaves and insignificant greenish flowers followed by oily dull green olivelike fruits
comandra: small genus of chiefly North American parasitic plants
bastard toadflax: woody creeping parasite of western North America having numerous thick powdery leaves and panicles of small dull-white flowers
eucarya: quandong trees
quandong: Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nutlike seed
pyrularia: small genus of chiefly Asiatic parasitic shrubs
rabbitwood: shrub of southeastern United States parasitic on roots of hemlocks having sparse spikes of greenish flowers and pulpy drupes
buffalo nut: oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
loranthaceae: in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
loranthus: type genus of the Loranthaceae: 1 species
mistletoe: shrub of central and southeastern Europe; partially parasitic on beeches, chestnuts and oaks
arceuthobium: genus of chiefly American plants parasitic on conifers
american mistletoe: small herb with scalelike leaves on reddish-brown stems and berrylike fruits; parasitic on spruce and larch trees
nuytsia: one species
flame tree: a terrestrial evergreen shrub or small tree of western Australia having brilliant yellow-orange flowers; parasitic on roots of grasses
viscaceae: in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
viscum: type genus of the Viscaceae: Old World evergreen shrubs parasitic on many trees including oaks but especially apple trees, poplars, aspens and cottonwoods
mistletoe: Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries; the traditional mistletoe of Christmas
phoradendron: any of various American parasitic plants similar to Old World mistletoe: false mistletoe
mistletoe: American plants closely resembling Old World mistletoe
american mistletoe: the traditional mistletoe of Christmas in America: grows on deciduous trees and can severely weaken the host plant
sapindales: an order of dicotyledonous plants
sapindaceae: chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
dodonaea: a genus of tropical shrub or tree
soapberry: a tree of the genus Sapindus whose fruit is rich in saponin
sapindus: type genus of the Sapindaceae
wild china tree: deciduous tree of southwestern United States having pulpy fruit containing saponin
china tree: evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as soap by Native Americans
blighia: small genus of western African evergreen trees and shrubs bearing fleshy capsular three-seeded fruits edible when neither unripe nor overripe
akee: widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by William Bligh
cardiospermum: tendril-climbing herbs or shrubs whose seeds have a white heart-shaped spot
heartseed: herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa
balloon vine: woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America
dimocarpus: longan
longan: tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphorbia or Nephelium
genus harpullia: genus of tropical Asiatic and African trees
harpulla: fast-growing tree of India and East Indies yielding a wood used especially for building
moreton bay tulipwood: Australian tree yielding a variegated tulipwood
genus litchi: Chinese trees
litchi: Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Nephelium
melicoccus: tropical American trees and shrubs bearing berries
spanish lime: tropical American tree bearing a small edible fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp
nephelium: a genus of dicotyledonous trees of the family Sapindaceae that are native to Asia and Australia
rambutan: Malayan tree bearing spiny red fruit
pulasan: East Indian fruit tree bearing fruit similar to but sweeter than that of the rambutan
buxaceae: widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
buxus: type genus of the Buxaceae
box: evergreen shrubs or small trees
common box: large slow-growing evergreen shrub or small tree with multiple stems; extensively used for hedges or borders and topiary figures
boxwood: very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box (particularly the common box); used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks
genus pachysandra: evergreen perennial procumbent subshrubs or herbs
allegheny spurge: low semi-evergreen perennial herb having small spikes of white or pinkish flowers; native to southern United States but grown elsewhere
japanese spurge: slow-growing Japanese evergreen subshrub having terminal spikes of white flowers; grown as a ground cover
celastraceae: trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
celastrus: genus of woody vines and erect shrubs (type genus of the Celastraceae) that is native chiefly to Asia and Australia: includes bittersweet
bittersweet: twining shrub of North America having yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
japanese bittersweet: ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America
euonymus: widely distributed chiefly evergreen shrubs or small trees or vines
spindle tree: any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries
common spindle tree: small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit
winged spindle tree: bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China
wahoo: deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
strawberry bush: upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas
evergreen bittersweet: broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties
cyrilliaceae: shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia
genus cyrilla: one species: trees and shrubs having flowers with acute or twisted petals and wingless fruit
cyrilla: shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange and crimson foliage
cliftonia: one species: titi
titi: tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers
empetraceae: heathlike shrubs
empetrum: crowberries
aceraceae: a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
acer: type genus of the Aceraceae; trees or shrubs having winged fruit
silver maple: a common North American maple tree; five-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard close-grained but brittle light-brown wood
sugar maple: maple of eastern and central North America having three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and maple sugar; many subspecies
red maple: maple of eastern and central America; five-lobed leaves turn scarlet and yellow in autumn
moosewood: maple of eastern North America with striped bark and large two-lobed leaves clear yellow in autumn
oregon maple: maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn
dwarf maple: small maple of northwestern North America
mountain maple: small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn
vine maple: small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets
hedge maple: shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge
norway maple: a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; five-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties
sycamore: Eurasian maple tree with pale grey bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn
box elder: common shade tree of eastern and central United States
california box elder: maple of the Pacific coast of the United States; fruits are white when mature
pointed-leaf maple: small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn
japanese maple: leaves deeply incised and bright red in autumn; Japan
japanese maple: ornamental shrub or small tree of Japan and Korea with deeply incised leaves; cultivated in many varieties
dipteronia: small genus of large deciduous shrubs having large clusters of winged seeds that turn red as they mature; central and southern China
aquifoliaceae: widely distributed shrubs and trees
ilex: a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies)
chinese holly: dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental
bearberry: deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States
inkberry: evergreen holly of eastern North America with oblong leathery leaves and small black berries
mate: South American holly; leaves used in making a drink like tea
american holly: an evergreen tree
geogia holly: a holly shrub
anacardiaceae: the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
anacardium: type genus of the Anacardiaceae: cashew
cashew: tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted
astronium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Anacardiaceae
goncalo alves: tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction
cotinus: smoke trees
smoke tree: any of several shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Cotinus
american smokewood: shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
venetian sumac: Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
malosma: one species; often included in the genus Rhus
laurel sumac: small aromatic evergreen shrub of California having paniculate leaves and whitish berries; in some classifications included in genus Rhus
mangifera: tropical tree native to Asia bearing fleshy fruit
mango: large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval fruit
pistacia: a dicotyledonous genus of trees of the family Anacardiaceae having drupaceous fruit
pistachio: small tree of southern Europe and Asia Minor bearing small hard-shelled nuts
terebinth: a Mediterranean tree yielding Chian turpentine
mastic: an evergreen shrub of the Mediterranean region that is cultivated for its resin
rhodosphaera: one species; an Australian evergreen sumac
australian sumac: evergreen of Australia yielding a dark yellow wood
rhus: deciduous or evergreen shrubs and shrubby trees of temperate and subtropical North America, South Africa, eastern Asia and northeastern Australia; usually limited to nonpoisonous sumacs (see genus Toxicodendron)
sumac: a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous members of the genus)
fragrant sumac: sweet-scented sumac of eastern America having ternate leaves and yellowish-green flowers in spikes resembling catkins followed by red hairy fruits
smooth sumac: common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with waxy compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
dwarf sumac: common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
sugar-bush: evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with spikes of reddish yellow flowers and glandular hairy fruits
staghorn sumac: deciduous shrubby tree or eastern North America with compound leaves that turn brilliant red in fall and dense panicles of greenish yellow flowers followed by crimson acidic berries
squawbush: deciduous shrub of California with unpleasantly scented usually trifoliate leaves and edible fruit
schinus: genus of evergreen shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America and Canary Islands and China
aroeira blanca: small resinous tree or shrub of Brazil
pepper tree: small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits
brazilian pepper tree: small Brazilian evergreen resinous tree or shrub having dark green leaflets and white flowers followed by bright red fruit; used as a street tree and lawn specimen
spondias: tropical trees having one-seeded fruit
hog plum: tropical American tree having edible yellow fruit
mombin: common tropical American shrub or small tree with purplish fruit
toxicodendron: in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus Rhus having foliage that is poisonous to the touch; of North America and northern South America
poison ash: smooth American swamp shrub with pinnate leaves and greenish flowers followed by greenish white berries; yields an irritating oil
poison ivy: climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact
western poison oak: poisonous shrub of the Pacific coast of North America that causes a rash on contact
eastern poison oak: poisonous shrub of southeastern United States causing a rash on contact
varnish tree: small Asiatic tree yielding a toxic exudate from which lacquer is obtained
hippocastanaceae: trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
aesculus: deciduous trees or some shrubs of North America; southeastern Europe; eastern Asia
horse chestnut: tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds
buckeye: the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
ohio buckeye: a buckeye with scaly grey bark that is found in the central United States
dwarf buckeye: a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States
staphylaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
staphylea: a genus of small trees or shrubs of the family Staphylaceae
ebenales: trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae
ebenaceae: fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
diospyros: a genus of trees or shrubs that have beautiful and valuable wood
ebony: tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork
marblewood: large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood
marblewood: hard marbled wood
persimmon: any of several tropical trees of the genus Diospyros
japanese persimmon: small deciduous Asiatic tree bearing large red or orange edible astringent fruit
american persimmon: medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe
date plum: an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes
sapotaceae: tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
achras: tropical trees having papery leaves and large fruit
bumelia: deciduous or evergreen American shrubs small trees having very hard wood and milky latex
southern buckthorn: shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit
false buckthorn: deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico
calocarpum: a genus of tropical American trees of the family Sapotaceae
chrysophyllum: tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs
star apple: evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides
satinleaf: tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and small plumlike purple fruit
manilkara: genus of large evergreen trees with milky latex; pantropical
balata: a tropical hardwood tree yielding balata gum and heavy red timber
balata: when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls
sapodilla: large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Achras
palaquium: large genus of Malaysian trees with milky juice and leathery leaves
payena: genus of medium to large Malaysian trees yielding gutta-percha
pouteria: tropical American timber tree with edible fruit (canistel)
canistel: tropical tree of Florida and West Indies yielding edible fruit
marmalade tree: tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum
symplocaceae: a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
symplocus: type and sole genus of Symplocaceae including sweetleaf
sweetleaf: small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye
asiatic sweetleaf: deciduous shrub of eastern Asia bearing decorative bright blue fruit
styracaceae: a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
genus styrax: deciduous or evergreen shrubs and small trees
snowbell: small tree native to Japan
japanese snowbell: shrubby tree of China and Japan
texas snowbell: styrax of southwestern United States; a threatened species
halesia: deciduous small trees or shrubs of China and eastern North America
silver-bell tree: medium-sized tree of West Virginia to Florida and Texas
sarraceniales: plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae
sarraceniaceae: insectivorous plants
sarracenia: pitcher plants
common pitcher plant: perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland
hooded pitcher plant: yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood
huntsman's horn: pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids
darlingtonia: one species: California pitcher plant
california pitcher plant: marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
heliamphora: genus of pitcher plants of the Guiana Highlands in South America
nepenthaceae: coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
nepenthes: pitcher plants
droseraceae: a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
drosera: the type genus of Droseraceae including many low bog-inhabiting insectivorous plants
sundew: any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
dionaea: a genus of the family Droseraceae
venus's flytrap: carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
aldrovanda: one species: waterwheel plant
waterwheel plant: floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
drosophyllum: one species
drosophyllum lusitanicum: perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
roridulaceae: in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
genus roridula: insectivorous undershrubs of South Africa; in some classifications placed in the family Droseraceae
cephalotaceae: a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
cephalotus: one species: Australian pitcher plant
australian pitcher plant: a carnivorous perennial herb having a green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
crassulaceae: succulent shrubs and herbs
crassula: type genus of Crassulaceae; herbs and small shrubs having woody stems and succulent aerial parts
genus sedum: large genus of rock plants having thick fleshy leaves
wall pepper: mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover
rose-root: Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers
orpine: perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers
aeonium: a genus of plants of the family Crassulaceae
pinwheel: perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in rosettes resembling pinwheels
cunoniaceae: trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
ceratopetalum: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Cunoniaceae
christmas bush: Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration
hydrangeaceae: sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
genus hydrangea: type genus of Hydrangeaceae; large genus of shrubs and some trees and vines with white or pink or blue flower clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
climbing hydrangea: deciduous climber with aerial roots having white to creamy flowers in fairly flat heads
wild hydrangea: deciduous shrub with creamy white flower clusters; eastern United States
hortensia: deciduous shrub bearing roundheaded flower clusters opening green and aging to pink or blue
fall-blooming hydrangea: deciduous shrub or small tree with pyramidal flower clusters
climbing hydrangea: deciduous climber with aerial roots having large flat flower heads