AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
volvariella: an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient
straw mushroom: small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially
volvariella bombycina: a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap
clitocybe: a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills
clitocybe clavipes: an agaric with a flat cap that is greyish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base
clitocybe dealbata: a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk
clitocybe inornata: a fungus with a cap that is creamy grey when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled
clitocybe robusta: a large white agaric; edible but not palatable
clitocybe irina: an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks
clitocybe subconnexa: an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk is fleshy and unpolished
flammulina: a genus of agarics
winter mushroom: an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters
ascomycota: a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi
ascomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
ascomycete: any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus
euascomycetes: category not used in many classification systems
clavicipitaceae: any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes
hemiascomycetes: class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
endomycetales: fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
saccharomycetaceae: family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
saccharomyces: single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates
baker's yeast: used as a leaven in baking and brewing
wine-maker's yeast: used in making wine
schizosaccharomycetaceae: a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
schizosaccharomyces: type and only genus of Schizosaccharomycetaceae; comprises the fission yeasts
plectomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
eurotiales: order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium
eurotium: a genus of fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales
aspergillaceae: family of fungi including some common molds
aspergillus: genus of common molds causing food spoilage and some pathogenic to plants and animals
aspergillus fumigatus: a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man
thielavia: genus of fungi having spherical brown perithecia and some conidia borne in chains; cause root rot
brown root rot fungus: fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families
pyrenomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora
discomycetes: a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped
discomycete: any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes
leotia lubrica: a discomycete that develops in clusters of slippery rubbery gelatinous fruiting bodies that are dingy yellow to tan in color
mitrula elegans: a discomycete that is 3-8 cm high with an orange to yellow fertile portion and white or pinkish stalks often half in and half out of the water
sarcoscypha coccinea: a discomycete that is a harbinger of spring; the fruiting body is thin and tough and saucer-shaped (about the size of quarter to a half dollar) with a deep bright red upper surface and a whitish exterior
caloscypha fulgens: an early spring variety of discomycete with yellow to orange yellow lining of the cup
aleuria aurantia: a discomycete with bright orange cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting bodies and pale orange exteriors
pezizales: order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps
pezizaceae: large family comprising many typical cup fungi
peziza: type genus of the Pezizaceae: a variety of cup fungus
peziza domicilina: a discomycetous fungus of the genus Peziza; the fragile fruiting body is a ghostly white but stains yellow when broken; favors strongly alkaline habitats
blood cup: a scarlet European fungus with cup-shaped ascocarp
plectania: genus of fungi in the family Pezizaceae closely related to and often included in genus Peziza
urnula craterium: an urn-shaped discomycete with a nearly black interior
galiella rufa: the cup-shaped fruiting body of this discomycete has a jellylike interior and a short stalk
jafnea semitosta: the fruiting bodies of this discomycete have a firm texture and long retain their cup shape; the pale brown interior blends with the color of dead leaves
morchellaceae: a family of edible fungi including the true morels
morchella: genus of edible fungi: morel
common morel: an edible and choice morel with a globular to elongate head with an irregular pattern of pits and ridges
disciotis venosa: an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms
verpa: a morel whose fertile portion resembles a bell and is attached to the stipe only at the top
verpa bohemica: resembles a thimble on a finger; the surface of the fertile portion is folded into wrinkles that extend from the top down; fruiting begins in spring before the leaves are out on the trees
verpa conica: a morel with a fertile portion that has a relatively smooth surface; the stalk is fragile
black morel: a morel whose pitted fertile body is attached to the stalk with little free skirt around it; the fertile body is grey when young and black in old age
morchella crassipes: a delicious morel with a conic fertile portion having deep and irregular pits
morchella semilibera: a morel with the ridged and pitted fertile portion attached to the stipe for about half its length
sarcoscyphaceae: family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
wynnea: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Sarcoscyphaceae
wynnea americana: a fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange
wynnea sparassoides: a fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a yellow-brown head shaped like a cauliflower
helvellaceae: family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
genus helvella: type genus of the Helvellaceae
helvella crispa: a helvella with a saddle-shaped fertile part and creamy color; the stalk is fluted and pitted
helvella acetabulum: a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior; the stalk is creamy white and heavily ribbed
helvella sulcata: a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull grey with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale grey; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted
genus discina: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body and ornamented spores
discina macrospora: a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating
genus gyromitra: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a fertile portion that is tan to brown
gyromitra californica: a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California
gyromitra sphaerospora: a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains
gyromitra esculenta: a poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown
gyromitra infula: a poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even
gyromitra fastigiata: a lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk
gyromitra gigas: a gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time
gasteromycetes: fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
gasteromycete: any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes
phallales: order of fungi comprising the stinkhorns and related forms whose mature hymenium is slimy and fetid; sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes
phallaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
phallus: genus of fungi having the cap or pileus hanging free around the stem
stinkhorn: any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales the foul smell of the stinkhorn attracts insects that carry the spores away on their feet
common stinkhorn: a common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism
phallus ravenelii: this stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh
dictyophera: closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus
mutinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phallaceae
dog stinkhorn: a stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it
tulostomatales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
calostomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
calostoma lutescens: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case
calostoma cinnabarina: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case
calostoma ravenelii: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores
clathraceae: family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
clathrus: type genus of the Clathraceae
pseudocolus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Clathraceae
stinky squid: a stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point
lycoperdales: small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars
lycoperdaceae: a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
lycoperdon: genus of fungi whose fruiting body tapers toward a base consisting of spongy mycelium
puffball: any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature
calvatia: genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores
giant puffball: huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight
geastraceae: a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
geastrum: type genus of Geastraceae; fungi whose outer peridium when dry splits into starlike segments
geastrum coronatum: an earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac
radiigera: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Geastraceae
radiigera fuscogleba: a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it
astreus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Geastraceae
astreus pteridis: the largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded
astreus hygrometricus: a common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan
nidulariales: small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae
nidulariaceae: bird's-nest fungi
nidularia: type genus of the Nidulariaceae
sphaerobolaceae: monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
secotiales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
secotiaceae: a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
gastrocybe: a genus of fungi of the family Secotiaceae
gastrocybe lateritia: a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses
macowanites: a stout-stemmed genus of fungus belonging to the family Secotiaceae having fruiting bodies that never expand completely
macowanites americanus: a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap
gastroboletus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium
gastroboletus scabrosus: a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete
gastroboletus turbinatus: a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete
aphyllophorales: includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales
polyporaceae: fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
polypore: woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent
bracket fungus: a woody fungus that forms shelflike sporophores on tree trunks and wood structures
albatrellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
albatrellus dispansus: a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor
albatrellus ovinus: a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular
neolentinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
neolentinus ponderosus: a gilled polypore with a large cap (up to 15 inches in diameter) and a broad stalk; edible when young and tender
nigroporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
nigroporus vinosus: a woody pore fungus with a dark brown to red brown cap and spore surface and small pores
oligoporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
oligoporus leucospongia: a pore fungus with a whitish cottony soft cap found on conifer logs in forests at high elevation in the western United States and adjacent Canada
polyporus tenuiculus: a fungus with a whitish kidney-shaped cap and elongated pores; causes white rot in dead hardwoods
polyporus: type genus of the Polyporaceae; includes important pathogens of e.g. birches and conifers
hen-of-the-woods: large greyish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees
polyporus squamosus: a fungus with a lateral stalk (when there is a stalk) and a scaly cap that becomes nearly black in maturity; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
fistulinaceae: a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
fistulina: fungi having each pore separate though crowded
beefsteak fungus: a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States
fomes: genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees
agaric: fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses
boletaceae: family of fleshy fungi having the germ pores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
boletus: type genus of Boletaceae; genus of soft early-decaying pore fungi; some poisonous and some edible
boletus chrysenteron: a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk
boletus edulis: an edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk
frost's bolete: a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk
boletus luridus: a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk
boletus mirabilis: a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk
boletus pallidus: a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow
boletus pulcherrimus: a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk
boletus pulverulentus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base
boletus roxanae: a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk
boletus subvelutipes: a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly
boletus variipes: an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk
boletus zelleri: an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age
fuscoboletinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
fuscoboletinus paluster: an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity
fuscoboletinus serotinus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk
leccinum: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
leccinum fibrillosum: an edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base
phylloporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
phylloporus boletinoides: a fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk
suillus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
suillus albivelatus: a short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring
strobilomyces: fungi similar to Boletus but with a shaggy scaly cap
old-man-of-the-woods: edible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America
boletellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
boletellus russellii: a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface
tremellales: fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic
tremellaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
tremella: fungi with yellowish gelatinous sporophores having convolutions resembling those of the brain
snow mushroom: popular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried
witches' butter: a yellow jelly fungus
tremella foliacea: a jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color
tremella reticulata: a jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi)
auriculariales: coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales
auriculariaceae: fungi having gelatinous sporophores
auricularia: type genus of the Auriculariaceae
jew's-ear: widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood
dacrymycetaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
dacrymyces: type genus of the Dacrymycetaceae: fungi with a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
uredinales: rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in
rust: any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants
melampsoraceae: rust fungi
melampsora: rusts having sessile one-celled teliospores in a single layer
flax rust: fungus causing flax rust
cronartium: rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns
blister rust: fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
pucciniaceae: large important family of rust fungi
puccinia: type genus of the Pucciniaceae; a large genus of parasitic fungi including many that are destructive to various economic plants
wheat rust: rust fungus that attacks wheat
gymnosporangium: genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae
apple rust: rust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc
tiliomycetes: category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
ustilaginales: parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes
smut: any fungus of the order Ustilaginales
ustilaginaceae: a fungus family of loose smuts
ustilago: type genus of the Ustilaginaceae; genus comprising the loose smuts
cornsmut: a smut fungus attacking Indian corn
boil smut: a common smut attacking Indian corn causing greyish white swellings that rupture to expose a black spore mass
sphacelotheca: genus of smut fungus
head smut: smut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut
tilletiaceae: a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
tilletia: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
bunt: fungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores
bunt: similar to Tilletia caries
urocystis: a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
onion smut: smut fungus causing blackish blisters on scales and leaves of onions; especially destructive to seedlings
wheat flag smut: fungus affecting leaves and stems of wheat
septobasidiaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
septobasidium: type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium
felt fungus: fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States
hygrophoraceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
hygrocybe: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
hygrocybe acutoconica: a fungus having an acutely conic cap and dry stalks
hygrophorus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
hygrophorus borealis: a fungus with a white convex cap and arcuate white gills and a stalk that tapers toward the base
hygrophorus caeruleus: a fungus with a broadly convex cap that is cream color with a tint of blue over the margin; waxy gills are bluish green to blue-grey; a short stalk tapers abruptly at the base