AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
waldheim: Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)
walesa: Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943)
walker: United States writer (born in 1944)
walker: New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)
wallace: English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913)
wallace: English writer noted for his crime novels (1875-1932)
wallace: Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)
wallenstein: Austrian general who fought for the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years' War (1583-1634)
waller: United States jazz musician (1904-1943)
walpole: Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)
walpole: English writer and historian; son of Sir Robert Walpole (1717-1797)
walter: German conductor (1876-1962)
walton: Irish physicist who (with Sir John Cockcroft in 1931) first split an atom (1903-1995)
walton: English writer remember for his treatise on fishing (1593-1683)
walton: English composer (1902-1983)
wanamaker: United States businessman whose business grew into one of the first department stores (1838-1922)
warburg: German art historian (1866-1929)
warburg: German biochemist who pioneered the use of chemical techniques in biological investigations; noted for studies of cellular respiration (1883-1970)
ward: United States businessman who in 1872 established a successful mail-order business (1843-1913)
ward: English writer of novels who was an active opponent of the women's suffrage movement (1851-1920)
ward: English economist and conservationist (1914-1981)
warhol: United States artist who was a leader of the Pop Art movement (1930-1987)
warner: United States filmmaker who with his brothers founded the movie studio that produced the first talking picture (1881-1958)
warren: United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974)
warren: United States writer and poet (1905-1989)
warwick: English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)
washington: 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)
washington: United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)
wassermann: German bacteriologist who developed a diagnostic test for syphilis (1866-1925)
waters: United States actress and singer (1896-1977)
watson: United States geneticist who (with Crick in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)
watson: United States psychologist considered the founder of behavioristic psychology (1878-1958)
watson: United States telephone engineer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments (1854-1934)
watt: Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)
watteau: French painter (1684-1721)
watts: English poet and theologian (1674-1748)
waugh: English author of satirical novels (1903-1966)
wavell: British field marshal in North Africa in World War II; he defeated the Italians before being defeated by the Germans (1883-1950)
wayne: American general during the American Revolution (1745-1796)
wayne: United States film actor who played tough heroes (1907-1979)
webb: English sociologist and economist and a central member of the Fabian Society (1859-1947)
webb: English writer and a central member of the Fabian Society (1858-1943)
weber: German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878)
weber: German conductor and composer of romantic operas (1786-1826)
weber: German sociologist and pioneer of the analytic method in sociology (1864-1920)
weber: United States abstract painter (born in Russia) (1881-1961)
weber: German physicist and brother of E. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891)
webster: United States lexicographer (1758-1843)
webster: United States politician and orator (1782-1817)
webster: English playwright (1580-1625)
wedgwood: English potter (1730-1795)
wegener: German geophysicist who proposed the theory of continental drift (1880-1930)
weil: United States mathematician (born in France) (1906-1998)
weil: French philosopher (1909-1943)
weill: German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)
weinberg: United States theoretical physicist (born in 1933)
weismann: German biologist who was one of the founders of modern genetics; his theory of genetic transmission ruled out the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics (1834-1914)
weizmann: Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)
weld: United States abolitionist (1803-1895)
welles: United States actor and filmmaker (1915-1985)
wellington: British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)
wells: prolific English writer best known for his science-fiction novels; he also wrote on contemporary social problems and wrote popular accounts of history and science (1866-1946)
welty: United States writer about rural southern life (1909-2001)
werfel: United States writer (1890-1945)
wernicke: German neurologist best known for his studies of aphasia (1848-1905)
wesley: English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791)
wesley: English clergyman and brother of John Wesley who wrote many hymns (1707-1788)
west: English painter (born in America) who became the second president of the Royal Academy (1738-1820)
west: United States film actress (1892-1980)
west: British writer (born in Ireland) (1892-1983)
westinghouse: United States inventor and manufacturer (1846-1914)
weston: United States photographer(1886-1958)
wharton: United States novelist (1862-1937)
wheatley: American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784)
wheatstone: English physicist and inventor who devised the Wheatstone bridge (1802-1875)
wheeler: Scottish archaeologist (1890-1976)
whistler: United States painter (1834-1903)
white: United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918)
white: United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985)
white: United States architect (1853-1906)
white: United States political journalist (1915-1986)
white: Australian writer (1912-1990)
white: United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921)
whitehead: English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Bertrand Russell (1861-1947)
whitman: United States frontier missionary who established a post in Oregon where Christianity and schooling and medicine were available to Native Americans (1802-1847)
whitman: United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)
whitney: United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825)
whittier: United States poet best known for his nostalgic poems about New England (1807-1892)
whittle: English aeronautical engineer who invented the jet aircraft engine (1907-1996)
wiener: United States mathematician and founder of cybernetics (1894-1964)
wiesel: United States writer (born in Romania) who survived Nazi concentration camps and is dedicated to keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust (born in 1928)
wiesenthal: Austrian investigator of Nazi war crimes (born in 1908)
wigner: United States physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on the structure of the atom and its nucleus (1902-1995)
wilde: Irish writer and wit (1854-1900)
wilder: United States filmmaker (born in Austria) whose dark humor infused many of the films he made (1906-2002)
wilder: United States writer and dramatist (1897-1975)
wilhelm ii: grandson of Queen Victoria and Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to 1918; he was vilified as causing World War I (1859-1941)
wilkes: United States explorer of Antarctica (1798-1877)
wilkes: English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)
wilkins: English biochemist who helped discover the structure of DNA (1916-2004)
wilkins: Australian who was the first to explore the Arctic by airplane (1888-1958)
wilkins: United States civil rights leader (1901-1981)
wilkinson: English chemist honored for his research on pollutants in car exhausts (born in 1921)
willard: United States educator who was an early campaigner for higher education for women (1787-1870)
willard: United States advocate of temperance and women's suffrage (1839-1898)
willebrand: Finnish physician who first described vascular hemophilia (1870-1949)
william i: duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087)
william ii: the second son of William the Conqueror who succeeded him as King of England (1056-1100)
william iii: King of England and Scotland and Ireland; he married the daughter of James II and was invited by opponents of James II to invade England; when James fled, William III and Mary II were declared joint monarchs (1650-1702)
william iv: King of England and Ireland; son of George III who ascended the throne after a long naval career (1765-1837)
williams: United States playwright (1911-1983)
williams: English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663 (1603-1683)
williams: United States baseball player noted as a hitter (1918-2002)
williams: United States poet (1883-1963)
williams: English philosopher credited with reviving the field of moral philosophy (1929-2003)
williams: United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)
willis: English physician who was a pioneer in the study of the brain (1621-1675)
wilmut: English geneticist who succeeded in cloning a sheep from a cell from an adult ewe (born in 1944)
wilson: 28th President of the United States; led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924)
wilson: United States literary critic (1895-1972)
wilson: Scottish physicist who invented the cloud chamber (1869-1959)
wilson: United States entomologist who has generalized from social insects to other animals including humans (born in 1929)
wilson: American Revolutionary leader who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence (1742-1798)
wilson: Canadian geophysicist who was a pioneer in the study of plate tectonics (1908-1993)
wilson: United States physicist honored for his work on cosmic microwave radiation (born in 1918)
wilson: Scottish ornithologist in the United States (1766-1813)
wilson: English writer of novels and short stories (1913-1991)
wilson: author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)
winckelmann: German archaeologist and art historian said to be the father of archaeology (1717-1768)
windaus: German chemist who studied steroids and cholesterol and discovered histamine (1876-1959)
winslow: English colonial administrator who traveled to America on the Mayflower and served as the first governor of the Plymouth Colony (1595-1655)
wise: United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900)
wise: United States Jewish leader (born in Hungary) (1874-1949)
wister: United States writer (1860-1938)
witherspoon: American Revolutionary leader and educator (born in Scotland) who signed of the Declaration of Independence and was president of the college that became Princeton University (1723-1794)
wittgenstein: British philosopher born in Austria; a major influence on logic and logical positivism (1889-1951)
wodehouse: English writer known for his humorous novels and stories (1881-1975)
wolf: German classical scholar who claimed that the Iliad and Odyssey were composed by several authors (1759-1824)
wolf: Austrian composer (1860-1903)
wolfe: United States writer best known for his autobiographical novels (1900-1938)
wolfe: United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)
wolff: German anatomist (1733-1794)
wollaston: English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)
wollstonecraft: English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; mother of Mary Shelley (1759-1797)
wood: United States painter noted for works based on life in the Midwest (1892-1942)
wood: English writer of novels about murders and thefts and forgeries (1814-1887)
wood: English conductor (1869-1944)
wood: United States film actress (1938-1981)
woodbury: United States social economist (1876-1933)
woodhull: United States advocate of women's suffrage; in 1872 she was the first woman to run for the United States presidency (1838-1927)
woodward: United States chemist honored for synthesizing complex organic compounds (1917-1979)
woodward: United States historian (1908-1999)
woolf: English author whose work used such techniques as stream of consciousness and the interior monologue; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1882-1941)
woollcott: United States drama critic and journalist (1887-1943)
woolley: English archaeologist who supervised the excavations at Ur (1880-1960)
woolworth: United States businessman who opened a shop in 1879 selling low-priced goods and built it into a national chain of stores (1852-1919)
worcester: United States lexicographer who was accused of plagiarism by Noah Webster (1784-1865)
wordsworth: a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)
worth: French couturier (born in England) regarded as the founder of Parisian haute couture; noted for introducing the bustle (1825-1895)
wouk: United States writer (born in 1915)
wren: English architect who designed more than fifty London churches (1632-1723)
wright: United States early feminist (born in Scotland) (1795-1852)
wright: influential United States architect (1869-1959)
wright: United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Wilbur Wright) invented the airplane (1871-1948)
wright: United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Orville Wright) invented the airplane (1867-1912)
wright: United States writer whose work is concerned with the oppression of African Americans (1908-1960)
wright: United States writer of detective novels (1888-1939)
wurlitzer: United States businessman (born in German) who founded a company to make pipe organs (1831-1914)
wyatt: English poet who introduced the sonnet form to English literature (1503-1542)
wyatt: English architect (1746-1813)
wycherley: English playwright noted for his humorous and satirical plays (1640-1716)
wycliffe: English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)
wyeth: United States painter (born in 1917)
wykeham: English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)
wyler: United States filmmaker (1902-1981)
wylie: United States poet (1885-1928)
wynette: United States country singer (1942-1998)
wyszynski: Polish prelate who persuaded the Soviet to allow greater religious freedom in Poland (1901-1981)
xavier: Spanish missionary and Jesuit who establish missionaries in Japan and Ceylon and the East Indies (1506-1552)
xenophanes: Greek philosopher (560-478 BC)
xenophon: Greek general and historian; student of Socrates (430-355 BC)
xerxes i: king of Persia who led a vast army against Greece and won the battle of Thermopylae but was eventually defeated (519-465 BC)
yale: English philanthropist who made contributions to a college in Connecticut that was renamed in his honor (1649-1721)
yamamoto: Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)
yamani: Saudi Arabian minister of petroleum who was a central figure in the creation of OPEC (born in 1930)
yang chen ning: United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Tsung Dao Lee in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1922)
yastrzemski: United States baseball player (born in 1939)
yeats: Irish poet and dramatist (1865-1939)
yerkes: United States psychologist who studied the intelligence of primates (1876-1956)
yersin: French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943)
yevtushenko: Russian poet who expressed the feelings of the post-Stalinist generation (born in 1933)
young: United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877)
young: United States baseball player and famous pitcher (1867-1955)
young: English poet (1683-1765)
young: United States jazz tenor saxophonist (1909-1959)
young: British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)
young: United States civil rights leader (1921-1971)
young: United States film and television actress (1913-2000)
yukawa: Japanese mathematical physicist who proposed that nuclear forces are mediated by massive particles called mesons which are analogous to the photon in mediating electromagnetic forces (1907-1981)
zaharias: outstanding United States athlete (1914-1956)
zangwill: English writer (1864-1926)
zanuck: United States filmmaker whose works include the first full-length feature film with sound sequences (1902-1979)
zapata: Mexican revolutionary who led a revolt for agrarian reforms (1879-1919)
zechariah: a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 6th century BC
zeeman: Dutch physicist honored for his research on the influence of magnetism on radiation which showed that light is radiated by the motion of charged particles in an atom (1865-1943)
zeno: ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Stoic school (circa 335-263 BC)
zeno: ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)
zephaniah: a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 7th century BC
zeppelin: German inventor who designed and built the first rigid motorized dirigible (1838-1917)
zhou en-lai: Chinese revolutionary and communist leader (1898-1976)
zhukov: Soviet general who during World Warr II directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad and relieved Leningrad and captured Berlin (1896-1974)
ziegfeld: United States theatrical producer noted for a series of extravagant revues known as the Ziegfeld Follies (1869-1932)
ziegler: German chemist honored for his research on polymers (1898-1973)
zimbalist: United States violinist (born in Russia) (1889-1985)
zinnemann: United States filmmaker (born in Austria) (1907-1997)
zinsser: United States bacteriologist who helped develop immunization against typhus fever (1878-1940)
zinzendorf: German theologian (1700-1760)
zola: French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)
zoroaster: Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC)
zsigmondy: German chemist (born in Austria) honored for his research on colloidal solutions (1865-1929)
zukerman: Israeli violinist (born in 1948)
zweig: Austrian writer (1881-1942)
zwingli: Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531)
zworykin: United States physicist who invented the iconoscope (1889-1982)
metempsychosis: after death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body
allotropy: the phenomenon of an element existing in two or more physical forms
photoconductivity: change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation
crystallization: the formation of crystals
efflorescence: a powdery deposit on a surface
consequence: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise his decision had depressing consequences for business he acted very wise after the event
aftermath: the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event) the aftermath of war in the wake of the accident no one knew how many had been injured
bandwagon effect: the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity in periods of high merger activity there is a bandwagon effect with more and more firms seeking to engage in takeover activity polls are accused of creating a bandwagon effect to benefit their candidate
by-product: a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence
change: the result of alteration or modification there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs there had been no change in the mountains
coattails effect: (politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party he counted on the coattails effect to win him the election
coriolis effect: (physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
dent: an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening) it made a dent in my bank account
harvest: the consequence of an effort or activity they gathered a harvest of examples a harvest of love
impact: a forceful consequence; a strong effect the book had an important impact on my thinking the book packs a wallop
influence: the effect of one thing (or person) on another the influence of mechanical action
purchase: a means of exerting influence or gaining advantage he could get no purchase on the situation
wind: a tendency or force that influences events the winds of change
outgrowth: a natural consequence of development
product: a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances skill is the product of hours of practice his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue
repercussion: a remote or indirect consequence of some action his declaration had unforeseen repercussions reverberations of the market crash were felt years later
response: a result this situation developed in response to events in Africa
reaction: a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp
side effect: any adverse and unwanted secondary effect a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal
engine: something used to achieve a purpose an engine of change
luck: an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another bad luck caused his downfall we ran into each other by pure chance
luck: an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome it was my good luck to be there they say luck is a lady it was as if fortune guided his hand
aberration: an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image
abiogenesis: a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter
actinic radiation: electromagnetic radiation that can produce photochemical reactions