AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
probiotic: a beneficial bacterium found in the intestinal tract of healthy mammals; often considered to be a plant
bacillus: aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil
bacillus anthracis: a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits and mice and guinea pigs); can be used a bioweapon
bacillus subtilis: a species of bacillus found in soil and decomposing organic matter; some strains produce antibiotics
yersinia pestis: a bacillus bacterium that causes the plague; aerosolized bacteria can be used as a bioweapon
coccus: any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria
brucella: an aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes brucellosis; can be used as a bioweapon
spirillum: any flagellated aerobic bacteria having a spirally twisted rodlike form
heliobacter: a genus of helical or curved or straight aerobic bacteria with rounded ends and multiple flagella; found in the gastric mucosa of primates (including humans)
heliobacter pylori: the type species of genus Heliobacter; produces urease and is associated with several gastroduodenal diseases (including gastritis and gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers and other peptic ulcers)
pseudomonas pyocanea: a species of aerobic bacteria
aerobacter: aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature
aerobacter aerogenes: a species of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that produce gas and acid from sugars and are sometimes involved in the souring of milk
rhizobiaceae: a small family of rod-shaped bacteria
rhizobium: the type genus of Rhizobiaceae; usually occur in the root nodules of legumes; can fix atmospheric oxygen
agrobacterium: small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
agrobacterium tumefaciens: the bacteria that produce crown gall disease in plants
division eubacteria: one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella
eubacteria: a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella
eubacteriales: one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
bacillaceae: typically rod-shaped usually Gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores
genus bacillus: type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites
genus clostridium: anaerobic or micro-aerophilic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped saprophytes; nearly cosmopolitan in soil, animal intestines, and dung
clostridium: spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore
botulinus: anaerobic bacterium producing botulin the toxin that causes botulism
cyanophyta: prokaryotic organisms sometimes considered a class or phylum or subkingdom; coextensive with the Cyanophyceae: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
schizophyta: former term for the Cyanophyta
schizomycetes: a former classification
class cyanobacteria: photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae
cyanobacteria: predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton
myxophyceae: former terms for Cyanophyceae
nostocaceae: blue-green algae
genus nostoc: type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae
oscillatoriaceae: blue green algae
genus trichodesmium: a genus of blue-green algae
phototrophic bacteria: green and purple bacteria; energy for growth is derived from sunlight; carbon is derived from carbon dioxide or organic carbon
pseudomonadales: one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
pseudomonodaceae: rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens
pseudomonas: type genus of the family Pseudomonodaceae
ring rot bacteria: causes brown rot in tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc
xanthomonas: a genus of bacteria similar to Pseudomonas but producing a yellow pigment that is not soluble in water
athiorhodaceae: small motile sulphur bacteria
nitrobacteriaceae: usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria
nitrobacter: rod-shaped soil bacteria
nitric bacteria: soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates
nitrosomonas: ellipsoidal soil bacteria
nitrosobacteria: soil bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrites
thiobacteriaceae: free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds
genus thiobacillus: a genus of bacteria
thiobacteria: any bacterium of the genus Thiobacillus
spirillaceae: rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria
genus spirillum: a genus of bacteria
ratbite fever bacterium: a bacterium causing ratbite fever
genus vibrio: a genus of bacteria
vibrio: curved rodlike motile bacterium
comma bacillus: comma-shaped bacteria that cause Asiatic cholera
vibrio fetus: bacteria that cause abortion in sheep
bacteroidaceae: family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
bacteroides: type genus of Bacteroidaceae; genus of Gram-negative rodlike anaerobic bacteria producing no endospores and no pigment and living in the gut of man and animals
calymmatobacterium: a genus of bacterial rods containing only the one species that causes granuloma inguinale
calymmatobacterium granulomatis: the species of bacteria that causes granuloma inguinale
francisella: a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that occur as pathogens and parasite in many animals (including humans)
francisella tularensis: the type species of the genus Francisella and the causal agent of tularemia in humans; can be used as a bioweapon
gonococcus: the pus-producing bacterium that causes gonorrhea
corynebacteriaceae: a large family of mostly Gram-positive and aerobic and nonmotile rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
genus corynebacterium: the type genus of the family Corynebacteriaceae which is widely distributed in nature; the best known are parasites and pathogens of humans and domestic animals
corynebacterium diphtheriae: a species of bacterium that causes diphtheria
genus listeria: a genus of aerobic motile bacteria of the family Corynebacteriaceae containing small Gram-positive rods
listeria monocytogenes: the type species of the genus Listeria; can cause meningitis, encephalitis, septicemia, endocarditis, abortion, abscesses, listeriosis
enterobacteriaceae: a large family of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
enteric bacteria: rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria; most occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals
genus escherichia: a genus of bacteria
escherichia coli: a species of bacterium normally present in intestinal tract of humans and other animals; sometimes pathogenic; can be a threat to food safety
genus klebsiella: a genus of bacteria
genus salmonella: a genus of bacteria
salmonella enteritidis: a form of salmonella that causes gastroenteritis in humans
salmonella typhimurium: a form of salmonella that causes food poisoning in humans
typhoid bacillus: a form of salmonella that causes typhoid fever
genus serratia: a genus of motile peritrichous bacteria that contain small Gram-negative rod
serratia marcescens: the type species of the genus Serratia; a species found in water and soil and milk and foods and insects; can cause infections of the endocardium and blood and wounds and urinary tract and respiratory tract; has been tested as a bioweapon
genus shigella: a genus of bacteria
shiga bacillus: a bacillus that causes dysentery
genus erwinia: a genus of bacteria
rickettsiales: pleomorphic Gram-negative microorganisms
rickettsiaceae: microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates
genus rickettsia: can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans
wound tumor virus: a tumor virus transmitted by leafhoppers
chlamydiaceae: Gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates
genus chlamydia: type genus of the family Chlamydiaceae: disease-causing parasites
chlamydia psittaci: bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatis: bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and lymphogranuloma venereum
mycoplasmatales: coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae
mycoplasmataceae: pleomorphic Gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals
genus mycoplasma: type and sole genus of the family Mycoplasmataceae
pleuropneumonialike organism: a mycoplasma resistant to antibiotics that causes a kind of pneumonia in humans
legionella pneumophilia: the motile aerobic rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that thrives in central heating and air conditioning systems and can cause Legionnaires' disease
nitrate bacterium: any of the nitrobacteria that oxidize nitrites into nitrates
nitrite bacterium: any of the nitrobacteria that oxidize ammonia into nitrites
actinomycetales: filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria
actinomycetaceae: filamentous anaerobic bacteria
genus actinomyces: type genus of the family Actinomycetaceae
streptomycetaceae: higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes
genus streptomyces: type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae
streptomyces erythreus: source of the antibiotic erythromycin
streptomyces griseus: source of the antibiotic streptomycin
potato scab bacteria: cause of a potato disease characterized by brownish corky tissue
mycobacteriaceae: a family of bacteria
genus mycobacterium: nonmotile Gram-positive aerobic bacteria
mycobacteria: rod-shaped bacteria some saprophytic or causing diseases
tubercle bacillus: cause of tuberculosis
leprosy bacillus: cause of leprosy
order myxobacteria: an order of higher bacteria
polyangiaceae: bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung
polyangium: type genus of the family Polyangiaceae: myxobacteria with rounded fruiting bodies enclosed in a membrane
myxobacteria: bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste
micrococcaceae: spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes
micrococcus: type genus of the family Micrococcaceae
genus staphylococcus: includes many pathogenic species
staphylococcus: spherical Gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections
lactobacillaceae: lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid
genus lactobacillus: type genus of the family Lactobacillaceae
acidophilus: a bacterium that is used to make yogurt and to supplement probiotics
genus diplococcus: a genus of bacteria
pneumococcus: bacterium causing pneumonia in mice and humans
genus streptococcus: a genus of bacteria
streptococcus: spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis
streptococcus anhemolyticus: a species of bacteria
spirochaetales: higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms
spirochaetaceae: large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters
spirochaeta: the type genus of the family Spirochaetaceae; a bacterium that is flexible, undulating, and chiefly aquatic
spirochete: parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals
treponemataceae: small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic
genus treponema: type genus of Treponemataceae: anaerobic spirochetes with an undulating rigid body; parasitic in warm-blooded animals
genus borrelia: small flexible parasitic spirochetes having three to five wavy spirals
borrelia burgdorferi: cause of Lyme disease; transmitted primarily by ticks of genus Ixodes
genus leptospira: very slender aerobic spirochetes; free-living or parasitic in mammals
microbe: a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use
endoparasite: any of various parasites that live in the internal organs of animals (especially intestinal worms)
ectoparasite: any external parasitic organism (as fleas)
protoctista: in most modern classifications, replacement for the Protista; includes: Protozoa; Euglenophyta; Chlorophyta; Cryptophyta; Heterokontophyta; Rhodophyta; unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms: regarded as distinct from plants and animals
protista: eukaryotic one-celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals: protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae
protist: free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes
pyrrophyta: a division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds
protozoa: in some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers
protozoan: any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic
sarcodina: characterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda
sarcodinian: protozoa that move and capture food by forming pseudopods
actinopoda: heliozoans; radiolarians
heliozoa: mostly freshwater protozoa
radiolaria: marine protozoa
rhizopoda: creeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers
rhizopod: protozoa characterized by a pseudopod
amoebida: the animal order including amoebas
genus amoeba: protozoan inhabiting moist soils or bottom vegetation in fresh or salt water
endamoebidae: a large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract
endamoeba: the type genus of the family Endamoebidae
ameba: naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion
endamoeba histolytica: the parasitic ameba that causes amebic dysentery in human beings
foraminifera: foraminifers
foram: marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude
globigerinidae: a family of protoctists
genus globigerina: type genus of the family Globigerinidae
nummulitidae: a family of fossil protoctists
testacea: testacean rhizopods
arcellidae: soil and freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan in distribution
genus arcella: type genus of the Arcellidae
genus difflugia: genus of protozoans related to ameba
ciliata: class of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle
ciliate: a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell
infusoria: in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter
genus paramecium: freshwater ciliate with an oval body and long deep oral groove
paramecium: any member of the genus Paramecium
genus tetrahymena: protozoa having four membranous ciliary organelles
genus stentor: trumpet-shaped protozoa with a ciliated spiral feeding funnel
genus vorticella: ciliated protozoans that have a goblet-shaped body with a retractile stalk
alga: primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves
seagrass: any of various seaweeds that grow underwater in shallow beds seagrass provides a protective environment in which young fish can develop
sea wrack: growth of marine vegetation especially of the large forms such as rockweeds and kelp
chlorophyll: any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms
chlorophyll c: the chlorophyll present in brown algae, diatoms, and flagellates
heterokontophyta: algae having chlorophyll a and usually c, and flagella of unequal lengths; terminology supersedes Chrysophyta in some classifications
chrysophyta: mostly freshwater eukaryotic algae having the chlorophyll masked by brown or yellow pigment; yellow-green and golden-brown algae and diatoms: Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae; some classification systems superseded or subsumed by Heterokontophyta
chrysophyceae: all the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length
xanthophyceae: yellow-green algae
bacillariophyceae: marine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms
heterotrichales: yellow-green algae with simple or branching filaments; comprising the single family Tribonemaceae
tribonemaceae: simple filamentous freshwater yellow-green algae
tribonema: type genus of Tribonemaceae
phaeophyceae: brown algae; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
phaeophyta: coextensive with class Phaeophyceae; in some classifications subsumed in the division Heterokontophyta
laminariales: in some classifications coextensive with family Laminariaceae: marine brown algae of cold or polar seas
laminariaceae: large family of marine brown algae including many economically important large kelps chiefly of northern waters
laminaria: type genus of the family Laminariaceae: perennial brown kelps
sea tangle: any of various kelps especially of the genus Laminaria
tang: any of various coarse seaweeds
fucales: coextensive with the family Fucaceae
cyclosporeae: in more recent classifications superseded by the order Fucales
fucaceae: small family of brown algae: gulfweeds; rockweeds
fucoid: any of various algae of the family Fucaceae
genus fucus: type genus of the family Fucaceae: cartilaginous brown algae
serrated wrack: brown algae seaweed with serrated edges
bladderwrack: a common rockweed used in preparing kelp and as manure
ascophyllum: brown algae distinguished by compressed or inflated branchlets along the axis
bladderwrack: similar to and found with black rockweed
genus sargassum: a genus of protoctist
gulfweed: brown algae with rounded bladders forming dense floating masses in tropical Atlantic waters as in the Sargasso Sea
euglenophyta: free-swimming flagellate algae
euglenophyceae: coextensive with the division Euglenophyta
euglenaceae: considered green algae
genus euglena: type genus of the family Euglenaceae: green algae with a single flagellum
euglenoid: marine and freshwater green or colorless flagellate organism
chlorophyta: large division of chiefly freshwater eukaryotic algae that possess chlorophyll a and b, store food as starch, and cellulose cell walls; classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Charophyceae; obviously ancestral to land plants
chlorophyceae: algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments
green algae: algae that are clear green in color; often growing on wet ricks or damp wood or the surface of stagnant water
ulvophyceae: alternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications
ulvales: an order of protoctist
ulvaceae: thin flat or tubular green algae
ulva: type genus of the family Ulvaceae; green seaweed having a thallus two cells thick: sea lettuce
sea lettuce: seaweed with edible translucent crinkly green fronds
volvocales: chiefly freshwater green algae; solitary or colonial
volvocaceae: unicellular or colonial biflagellate free-swimming flagellates
volvox: type genus of the Volvocaceae; minute pale green flagellates occurring in tiny spherical colonies; minute flagella rotate the colony about an axis
chlamydomonadaceae: green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome
chlamydomonas: type genus of the Chlamydomonadaceae; solitary doubly-flagellated plant-like algae common in fresh water and damp soil; multiply freely; often a pest around filtration plants
zygnematales: pond scums; desmids
zygnemataceae: pond scums: common freshwater algae forming green slimy masses
zygnema: type genus of the family Zygnemataceae
genus spirogyra: a genus of protoctist
chlorococcales: unicellular green algae that reproduce by spores
chlorococcum: type genus of Chlorococcales; unicellular green algae occurring singly or in a layer on soil or damp rock
genus chlorella: nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially important as source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins
oedogoniales: simple or branched filamentous freshwater green algae
oedogoniaceae: filamentous green algae
oedogonium: type genus of Oedogoniaceae; freshwater green algae having long unbranched filaments; usually free-floating when mature
charophyceae: in some classifications: contains only the order Charales
charales: small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts
characeae: green algae superficially resembling horsetail ferns: stoneworts
chara: green algae common in freshwater lakes of limestone districts
nitella: fragile branching stoneworts
desmidiaceae: unicellular algae
desmidium: a genus of protoctist
rhodophyta: lower plants; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
rhodophyceae: coextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae
gigartinaceae: a family of protoctist
chondrus: a genus of protoctist
irish moss: dark purple edible seaweed of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America
rhodymeniaceae: a family of protoctist
rhodymenia: type genus of the family Rhodymeniaceae
dulse: coarse edible red seaweed
bangiaceae: a family of protoctist
porphyra: a genus of protoctist
red laver: edible red seaweeds
eukaryote: an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e. an organism with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei in its cells
prokaryote: a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei; bacteria are the prime example but also included are blue-green algae and actinomycetes and mycoplasma
mastigophora: protozoa having flagella
flagellate: a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals
dinoflagellata: in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; in others included in the plant phylum Pyrrophyta
genus noctiluca: a genus of protoctist
noctiluca: large bioluminescent marine protozoan
peridiniidae: marine and freshwater dinoflagellates
peridinium: type genus of the family Peridiniidae
zoomastigina: in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates
leishmania: flagellate protozoan that causes leishmaniasis
zoomastigote: flagellate protozoan lacking photosynthesis and other plant-like characteristics
hypermastigina: cellulose-producing flagellates
polymastigina: small usually parasitic flagellates
genus costia: a genus of flagellate protoctist
costia: a flagellate that is the cause of the frequently fatal fish disease costiasis
genus giardia: flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
chilomastix: flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates including humans
hexamita: flagellates free-living or parasitic in intestines of birds
genus trichomonas: flagellates parasitic in alimentary or genitourinary tracts of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans
phytomastigina: plantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae
cryptophyta: a phylum in the kingdom Protoctista
cryptophyceae: motile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae
cryptomonad: common in fresh and salt water appearing along the shore as algal blooms
sporozoa: strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites
telosporidia: parasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites
coccidia: an order in the subclass Telosporidia
eimeriidae: a family of protoctist in the order Coccidia
genus eimeria: type genus of the family Eimeriidae; includes serious pathogens
coccidium: parasitic on the digestive epithelium of vertebrates and higher invertebrates
gregarinida: an order in the subclass Telosporidia
haemosporidia: an order in the subclass Telosporidia
plasmodiidae: malaria parasites
genus plasmodium: type genus of the family Plasmodiidae
plasmodium: parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans