AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
oscines: two names for the suborder of typical songbirds
oscine: passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus
songbird: any bird having a musical call
meliphagidae: honey eaters
honey eater: Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar
prunellidae: hedge sparrow
prunella: type genus of the Prunellidae
hedge sparrow: small brownish European songbird
alaudidae: larks
alauda: type genus of the Alaudidae: skylarks
skylark: brown-speckled European lark noted for singing while hovering at a great height
motacillidae: pipits and wagtails
motacilla: type genus of the Motacillidae: wagtails
anthus: pipits
pipit: a songbird that lives mainly on the ground in open country; has streaky brown plumage
meadow pipit: a common pipit that is brown above and white below; widely distributed in northern and central Europe and in Asia
fringillidae: finches: goldfinches; bullfinches; chaffinches; siskins; canaries; cardinals; grosbeaks; crossbills; linnets; buntings
fringilla: type genus of the Fringillidae: chaffinch, brambling
chaffinch: small European finch with a cheerful song
brambling: Eurasian finch
carduelinae: used in some classifications for a subgroup of finches
carduelis: in some classifications considered the type genus of a subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae: goldfinches; siskins; redpolls; linnets
goldfinch: small European finch having a crimson face and yellow-and-black wings
linnet: small Old World finch whose male has a red breast and forehead
siskin: small yellow-and-black Eurasian finch with a sharp beak
red siskin: South American species of scarlet finch with black head and wings and tail
redpoll: small siskin-like finch with a red crown and a rosy breast and rump
redpoll: small siskin-like finch with a red crown
spinus: in some classifications considered a subgenus of Carduelis: siskins and New World goldfinches
new world goldfinch: American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer
pine siskin: small finch of North American coniferous forests
carpodacus: house finches and purple finches
house finch: small finch originally of the western United States and Mexico
purple finch: North American finch having a raspberry-red head and breast and rump
serinus: Old World finches; e.g. canaries and serins
canary: any of several small Old World finches
common canary: native to the Canary Islands and Azores; popular usually yellow cage bird noted for its song
loxia: crossbill
crossbill: finch with a bill whose tips cross when closed
pyrrhula: bullfinches
bullfinch: common European finch mostly black and white with red throat and breast
genus junco: American finches
junco: small North American finch seen chiefly in winter
dark-eyed junco: common North American junco having grey plumage and eyes with dark brown irises
new world sparrow: sparrow-like North American finches
pooecetes: a genus of Fringillidae
vesper sparrow: common North American finch noted for its evening song
zonotrichia: large New World sparrows
white-throated sparrow: common North American finch with a white patch on the throat and black-and-white striped crown
white-crowned sparrow: finch with black-and-white striped crown
spizella: chipping sparrow; field sparrow; tree sparrow
chipping sparrow: small North American finch common in urban areas
field sparrow: common North American finch of brushy pasturelands
tree sparrow: finch common in winter in the northern U.S.
melospiza: American song sparrow and swamp sparrow
song sparrow: small songbird common in North America
swamp sparrow: North American finch of marshy area
emberizidae: buntings and some New World sparrows
passerina: a genus of small North American finches including the New World buntings
indigo bunting: small deep blue North American bunting
emberiza: Old World buntings
ortolan: brownish Old World bunting often eaten as a delicacy
reed bunting: European bunting inhabiting marshy areas
yellowhammer: European bunting the male being bright yellow
yellow-breasted bunting: common in Russia and Siberia
plectrophenax: snow bunting
snow bunting: white Arctic bunting
coerebidae: the honeycreepers
coereba: type genus of the Coerebidae
passeridae: true sparrows: Old world birds formerly considered weaverbirds
sparrow: any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects
passer: type genus of the Passeridae
english sparrow: small hardy brown-and-grey bird native to Europe
tree sparrow: Eurasian sparrow smaller than the house sparrow
grosbeak: any of various finches of Europe or America having a massive and powerful bill
hesperiphona: evening grosbeak
evening grosbeak: North American grosbeak
coccothraustes: large finches
hawfinch: a common large finch of Eurasia
pinicola: a genus of Fringillidae
pine grosbeak: large grosbeak of coniferous forests of Old and New Worlds
richmondena: cardinals
cardinal: crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male
genus pyrrhuloxia: large showy finches related to cardinals
pyrrhuloxia: crested grey-and-red bird of southwest United States and Mexico
pipilo: towhees
chewink: common towhee of eastern North America
chlorura: towhees
green-tailed towhee: towhee of the Rocky Mountains
ploceidae: weaverbirds
weaver: finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests
ploceus: type genus of the Ploceidae
baya: common Indian weaverbird
vidua: whydahs
whydah: mostly black African weaverbird
padda: a genus of Ploceidae
java sparrow: small finch-like Indonesian weaverbird that frequents rice fields
estrilda: avadavats
avadavat: red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
poephila: grassfinches
grassfinch: usually brightly-colored Australian weaverbirds; often kept as cage birds
zebra finch: small Australian weaverbird with markings like a zebra's
drepanididae: Hawaiian honeycreepers
honeycreeper: small to medium-sized finches of the Hawaiian islands
drepanis: a genus of Drepanididae
menurae: lyrebirds and scrubbirds
menuridae: lyrebirds
menura: type and sole genus of the family Menuridae
atrichornithidae: scrubbirds
atrichornis: type genus of the Atrichornithidae
scrubbird: small fast-running Australian bird resembling a wren and frequenting brush or scrub
eurylaimi: broadbills
eurylaimidae: coextensive with the suborder Eurylaimi
tyranni: New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers
clamatores: used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song; clamatorial birds
tyrannidae: New World tyrant flycatchers most numerous in Central America and South America but also in the United States and Canada
new world flycatcher: large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing
tyrannus: type genus of the Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers
kingbird: large American flycatcher
arkansas kingbird: a kingbird seen in western United States; head and back are pale grey and the breast is yellowish and the tail is black
cassin's kingbird: a kingbird seen in the southwestern United States; largely grey with a yellow abdomen
grey kingbird: a kingbird that breeds in the southeastern United States and winters in tropical America; similar to but larger than the eastern kingbird
contopus: pewees
pewee: small olive-colored woodland flycatchers of eastern North America
western wood pewee: small flycatcher of western North America
sayornis: phoebes
phoebe: small dun-colored North American flycatcher
pyrocephalus: a genus of Tyrannidae
vermillion flycatcher: tropical American flycatcher found as far north as southern Texas and Arizona; adult male has bright scarlet and black plumage
cotingidae: cotingas; umbrella birds
genus cotinga: type genus of the Cotingidae: cotingas
cotinga: passerine bird of New World tropics
rupicola: cock of the rocks
cock of the rock: tropical bird of northern South America the male having brilliant red or orange plumage and an erectile disklike crest
cock of the rock: bird of the Andes similar to Rupicola rupicola
pipridae: manakins
pipra: type genus of the Pipridae containing the typical manakins
procnias: bellbirds
cephalopterus: a genus of Cotingidae
umbrella bird: black tropical American bird having a large overhanging crest and long feathered wattle
furnariidae: e.g. ovenbirds
furnarius: type genus of the family Furnariidae: ovenbirds
formicariidae: antbirds
antbird: any of various dull-colored South American birds that feeding on ants some following army ant swarms
formicarius: type genus of the Formicariidae
thamnophilus: a genus of Formicariidae
hylophylax: a genus of Formicariidae
spotted antbird: a kind of antbird
dendrocolaptidae: woodhewers or woodcreepers
dendrocolaptes: type genus of the Dendrocolaptidae
woodhewer: any of numerous South American and Central American birds with a curved bill and stiffened tail feathers that climb and feed like woodpeckers
pittidae: pittas
genus pitta: type genus of the Pittidae; a large genus of birds of southern Asia and Australia and adjacent islands
muscivora: a genus of Tyrannidae
scissortail: grey flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings
muscicapidae: Old World (true) flycatchers
old world flycatcher: any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing
muscicapa: type genus of the Muscicapidae
spotted flycatcher: common European woodland flycatcher with greyish-brown plumage
pachycephala: arboreal insectivorous birds
thickhead: Australian and southeastern Asian birds with a melodious whistling call
turdidae: thrushes; in some classifications considered a subfamily (Turdinae) of the family Muscicapidae
turdinae: alternative classification for the thrushes
turdus: type genus of the Turdidae
missel thrush: large European thrush that feeds on mistletoe berries
song thrush: common Old World thrush noted for its song
fieldfare: medium-sized Eurasian thrush seen chiefly in winter
redwing: small European thrush having reddish flanks
blackbird: common black European thrush
ring ouzel: European thrush common in rocky areas; the male has blackish plumage with a white band around the neck
robin: large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen
clay-colored robin: robin of Mexico and Central America
hylocichla: American thrush: wood thrush; hermit thrush; veery
hermit thrush: North American thrush noted for its complex and appealing song
veery: tawny brown North American thrush noted for its song
wood thrush: large thrush common in eastern American woodlands; noted for its melodious song
luscinia: nightingales
nightingale: European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song
thrush nightingale: large nightingale of eastern Europe
saxicola: Old World chats
old world chat: songbirds having a chattering call
stonechat: common European chat with black plumage and a reddish-brown breast
whinchat: brown-and-buff European songbird of grassy meadows
myadestes: solitaires
phoenicurus: Old World thrushes
redstart: European songbird with a reddish breast and tail; related to Old World robins
oenanthe: wheatears
sialia: North American bluebirds
erithacus: Old World thrushes
robin: small Old World songbird with a reddish breast
bluethroat: songbird of northern Europe and Asia
sylviidae: in some classifications considered a subfamily (Sylviinae) of the family Muscicapidae: Old World (true) warblers; American kinglets and gnatcatchers
sylviinae: alternative classification for the Old World warblers
polioptila: New World gnatcatchers
regulus: a genus of birds of the family Sylviidae including kinglets
goldcrest: European kinglet with a black-bordered yellow crown patch
gold-crowned kinglet: American golden-crested kinglet
ruby-crowned kinglet: American kinglet with a notable song and in the male a red crown patch
old world warbler: small active brownish or greyish Old World birds
silvia: type genus of the Sylviidae: warblers
blackcap: small brownish-grey warbler with a black crown
greater whitethroat: greyish-brown Old World warbler with a white throat and underparts
lesser whitethroat: Old World warbler similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller
phylloscopus: warblers
wood warbler: European woodland warbler with dull yellow plumage
acrocephalus: a genus of Sylviidae
sedge warbler: small European warbler that breeds among reeds and wedges and winters in Africa
prinia: a genus of Sylviidae
orthotomus: tailorbirds
tailorbird: tropical Asian warbler that stitches leaves together to form and conceal its nest
timaliidae: babblers
timalia: type genus of the Timaliidae
babbler: any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae
parulidae: New World warblers
new world warbler: small bright-colored American songbird with a weak unmusical song
parula: type genus of the Parulidae: wood warblers
parula warbler: small grey-blue wood warbler with yellow throat and breast; of eastern North America
wilson's warbler: yellow wood warbler with a black crown
setophaga: a genus of Parulidae
american redstart: flycatching warbler of eastern North America the male having bright orange on sides and wings and tail
dendroica: a genus of Parulidae
cape may warbler: North American wood warbler; olive green and yellow striped with black
yellow warbler: yellow-throated American wood warbler
blackburn: black-and-white North American wood warbler having an orange-and-black head and throat
audubon's warbler: common warbler of western North America
myrtle warbler: similar to Audubon's warbler
blackpoll: North American warbler having a black-and-white head
icteria: New World chats
new world chat: birds having a chattering call
yellow-breasted chat: American warbler noted for imitating songs of other birds
seiurus: ovenbirds and water thrushes
ovenbird: American warbler; builds a dome-shaped nest on the ground
geothlypis: yellowthroats
common yellowthroat: an American warbler
paradisaeidae: birds of paradise
ptloris: a genus of Paradisaeidae
riflebird: velvety black Australian bird of paradise with green and purple iridescence on head and tail
icteridae: American orioles; American blackbirds; bobolinks; meadowlarks
new world oriole: American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow
icterus: type genus of the Icteridae
northern oriole: a kind of New World oriole
baltimore oriole: eastern subspecies of northern oriole
bullock's oriole: western subspecies of northern oriole
orchard oriole: the male is chestnut-and-black
sturnella: a genus of passerine birds including the meadowlarks
meadowlark: North American songbirds having a yellow breast
eastern meadowlark: a meadowlark of eastern North America
western meadowlark: a meadowlark of western North America
cacicus: a genus of tropical American orioles
cacique: black-and-red or black-and-yellow orioles of the American tropics
dolichonyx: bobolinks
bobolink: migratory American songbird
new world blackbird: any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black
quiscalus: grackles
grackle: long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage
purple grackle: eastern United States grackle
euphagus: a genus of Icteridae
rusty blackbird: North American blackbird whose bluish-black plumage is rusty-edged in the fall
molothrus: cowbirds
agelaius: red-winged blackbirds
red-winged blackbird: North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings
oriolidae: Old World orioles
old world oriole: mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black
oriolus: type genus of the Oriolidae
golden oriole: bright yellow songbird with black wings
sphecotheres: a genus of Old World orioles
sturnidae: Old World starlings
sturnus: type genus of the Sturnidae: common starlings
common starling: gregarious bird having plumage with dark metallic gloss; builds nests around dwellings and other structures; naturalized worldwide
pastor: only the rose-colored starlings; in some classifications considered a separate genus
rose-colored starling: glossy black bird with pink back and abdomen; chiefly Asian
myna: tropical Asian starlings
acridotheres: mynas
crested myna: dark brown crested bird of southeastern Asia
gracula: mynas
hill myna: glossy black Asiatic starling often taught to mimic speech
corvidae: crow; raven; rook; jackdaw; chough; magpie; jay
corvus: type genus of the Corvidae: crows and ravens
american crow: common crow of North America
raven: large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail
rook: common gregarious Old World bird about the size and color of the American crow
jackdaw: common black-and-grey Eurasian bird noted for thievery
garrulinae: subfamily of the crow family: jays
garrulus: type genus of the Garrulinae: Old World jays
old world jay: a European jay
common european jay: fawn-colored jay with black-and-white crest and blue-and-black wings
cyanocitta: New World jays
new world jay: a North American jay
blue jay: common jay of eastern North America; bright blue with grey breast
perisoreus: Canada jays
canada jay: a jay of northern North America with black-capped head and no crest; noted for boldness in thievery
rocky mountain jay: a Canada jay with a white head; widely distributed from Montana to Arizona
nucifraga: nutcrackers
common nutcracker: Old World nutcracker
clark's nutcracker: nutcracker of the western United States
pica: magpies
european magpie: a common magpie of Eurasia
american magpie: a magpie of Rocky Mountains in North America
cracticidae: Australian birds formerly included in the family Laniidae
australian magpie: black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies
cracticus: type genus of the Cracticidae: Australian butcherbirds
strepera: bell magpies
currawong: bluish black fruit-eating bird with a bell-like call
gymnorhina: in some classifications placed in the family Laniidae: Australian piping crows
piping crow: crow-sized black-and-white bird; a good mimic often caged
troglodytidae: wrens
wren: any of several small active brown birds of the northern hemisphere with short upright tails; they feed on insects
troglodytes: type genus of the Troglodytidae
winter wren: small wren of coniferous forests of northern hemisphere
house wren: common American wren that nests around houses
cistothorus: marsh wrens
long-billed marsh wren: American wren that inhabits tall reed beds
sedge wren: small American wren inhabiting wet sedgy meadows
salpinctes: a genus of Troglodytidae
rock wren: wren inhabiting badlands and mesa country of western United States and Mexico
thryothorus: Carolina wrens
carolina wren: large United States wren with a musical call
campylorhynchus: alternative classifications for the cactus wrens
mimidae: sometimes considered a subfamily of Troglodytidae: mockingbirds; catbirds; thrashers
mimus: type genus of the family Mimidae: mockingbirds
mockingbird: long-tailed grey-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds
melanotis: a genus of Mimidae
blue mockingbird: mockingbird of Mexico
dumetella: catbirds
catbird: North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing
toxostoma: thrashers
thrasher: thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs
brown thrasher: common large songbird of eastern United States having reddish-brown plumage
xenicidae: alternative names for the family comprising the New Zealand wrens
new zealand wren: birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens
xenicus: type genus for the Xenicidae
rock wren: short-tailed bird resembling a wren
acanthisitta: a genus of Xenicidae
rifleman bird: small green-and-bronze bird
certhiidae: creepers
creeper: any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb up a tree trunk supporting themselves on stiff tail feathers and their feet
certhia: type genus of the Certhiidae
brown creeper: a common creeper in North America with a down-curved bill
european creeper: common European brown-and-buff tree creeper with down-curved bill
tichodroma: wall creepers; in some classifications placed in family Sittidae
wall creeper: crimson-and-grey songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
sittidae: nuthatches
nuthatch: any of various small short-tailed songbirds with strong feet and a sharp beak that feed on small nuts and insects
sitta: type genus of the Sittidae
european nuthatch: a kind of nuthatch
red-breasted nuthatch: bluish-grey nuthatch with reddish breast; of northern coniferous forests
white-breasted nuthatch: bluish-grey nuthatch with black head and white breast; of eastern North America
paridae: titmice and chickadees
titmouse: small insectivorous birds
parus: type genus of the family Paridae
black-capped chickadee: chickadee having a dark crown
tufted titmouse: crested titmouse of eastern and midwestern United States
carolina chickadee: southern United States chickadee similar to the blackcap but smaller
blue tit: widely distributed European titmouse with bright cobalt blue wings and tail and crown of the head
psaltriparus: a genus of Paridae
bushtit: active grey titmice of western North America
chamaea: a genus of Paridae
wren-tit: small brown bird of California resembling a wren
auriparus: a genus of Paridae
verdin: very small yellow-headed titmouse of western North America
irenidae: a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
irena: type genus of the Irenidae: fairy bluebirds
fairy bluebird: fruit-eating mostly brilliant blue songbird of the East Indies
hirundinidae: swallows and martins
hirundo: type genus of the Hirundinidae
barn swallow: common swallow of North America and Europe that nests in barns etc.
cliff swallow: North American swallow that lives in colonies and builds bottle-shaped mud nests on cliffs and walls
tree swallow: of Australia and Polynesia; nests in tree cavities
iridoprocne: a genus of Hirundinidae
white-bellied swallow: bluish-green-and-white North American swallow; nests in tree cavities
delichon: a genus of Hirundinidae
house martin: common small European martin that builds nests under the eaves of houses
riparia: a genus of Hirundinidae
bank martin: swallow of the northern hemisphere that nests in tunnels dug in clay or sand banks
progne: a genus of Hirundinidae
purple martin: large North American martin of which the male is blue-black
artamidae: wood swallows
artamus: type genus of the Artamidae
wood swallow: Australasian and Asiatic bird related to the shrikes and resembling a swallow
thraupidae: tanagers
piranga: a genus of Thraupidae
scarlet tanager: the male is bright red with black wings and tail
western tanager: of western North America; male is black and yellow and orange-red
summer tanager: of middle and southern United States; male is deep rose-red the female mostly yellow
hepatic tanager: common tanager of southwestern United States and Mexico
laniidae: shrikes
lanius: type genus of the Laniidae: typical shrikes
european shrike: a common European butcherbird
northern shrike: a butcherbird of northern North America
white-rumped shrike: a butcherbird of western North America; grey with white underparts
loggerhead shrike: a common shrike of southeastern United States having black bands around the eyes
migrant shrike: a shrike of central North America; winters in Texas and the southern Mississippi valley
malaconotinae: an African bush shrikes
chlorophoneus: a genus of Malaconotinae
black-fronted bush shrike: a kind of bush shrike
ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbirds
bowerbird: any of various birds of the Australian region whose males build ornamented structures resembling bowers in order to attract females
ptilonorhynchus: type genus of the Ptilonorhynchidae
satin bowerbird: of southeast Australia; male is glossy violet blue; female is light grey-green
chlamydera: a genus of Ptilonorhynchidae
great bowerbird: large bowerbird of northern Australia
cinclidae: water ouzels
water ouzel: small stocky diving bird without webbed feet; frequents fast-flowing streams and feeds along the bottom
cinclus: type genus of the family Cinclidae
european water ouzel: a water ouzel of Europe
american water ouzel: a water ouzel of western North America
vireonidae: small insectivorous American songbirds
genus vireo: type genus of the Vireonidae