AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
cell theory: (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann
wave theory: (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as waves
corpuscular theory: (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
kinetic theory: (physics) a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion
relativity: (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
general relativity: a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
special relativity: a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
supersymmetry: (physics) a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang
uncertainty principle: (quantum theory) the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
theory of dissociation: (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
theory of evolution: (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
theory of indicators: (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
mendelism: the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
darwinism: a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
neo-darwinism: a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
lamarckism: a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
neo-lamarckism: a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
punctuated equilibrium: a theory of evolution holding that evolutionary change in the fossil record came in fits and starts rather than in a steady process of slow change
classical mechanics: the branch of mechanics based on Newton's laws of motion
quantum electrodynamics: a relativistic quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons and muons
quantum chromodynamics: a theory of strong interactions between elementary particles (including the interaction that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus); it assumes that strongly interacting particles (hadrons) are made of quarks and that gluons bind the quarks together
fluid mechanics: study of the mechanics of fluids
dynamics: the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies
hydrodynamics: study of fluids in motion
aeromechanics: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their effects on bodies in the flow
thermostatics: the aspect of thermodynamics concerned with thermal equilibrium
paleogeology: the study of geologic features once at the surface of the earth but now buried beneath rocks
geophysics: geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth
morphology: the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms
orology: the science of mountains
tectonics: the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust
oceanography: the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans
volcanology: the branch of geology that studies volcanoes
magnetism: the branch of science that studies magnetism
petrology: the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and mineral composition and classification
speleology: the scientific study of caves
geography: study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation
physical geography: the study of physical features of the earth's surface
topology: topographic study of a given place (especially the history of the place as indicated by its topography) Greenland's topology has been shaped by the glaciers of the ice age
architecture: the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use
architectonics: the science of architecture
engineering: the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems he had trouble deciding which branch of engineering to study
biotechnology: the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments
biotechnology: the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem
genetic engineering: the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism
electrical engineering: the branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication
computer science: the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures
object: (computing) a discrete item that provides a description of virtually anything known to a computer in object-oriented programming, objects include data and define its status, its methods of operation and how it interacts with other objects
artificial intelligence: the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots
machine translation: the use of computers to translate from one language to another
industrial engineering: the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways
information technology: the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information
futurology: the study or prediction of future developments on the basis of existing conditions
psychology: the science of mental life
abnormal psychology: the branch of psychology concerned with abnormal behavior
associationism: (psychology) a theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity
applied psychology: any of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
comparative psychology: the branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
developmental psychology: the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
experimental psychology: the branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
behaviorism: an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
memory: the area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes he taught a graduate course on learning and memory
physiological psychology: the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
psychometry: any branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
gestalt psychology: (psychology) a theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational properties
information science: the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information
natural language processing: the branch of information science that deals with natural language information
archeology: the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
assyriology: archeology of the ancient Assyrians
egyptology: archeology of ancient Egyptian artifacts
sumerology: the archeology of ancient Sumerians
marine archeology: the archeology of underwater sites
paleoclimatology: the study of the climate of past ages
paleogeography: the study of the geography of ancient times or ancient epochs
paleopathology: the study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
paletiology: the explanation of past events in terms of scientific causes (as geological causes)
paleology: the study of (especially prehistoric) antiquities
protohistory: the study humans prior to the invention of writing
protoarcheology: the study of prehistoric human artifacts and human fossils
ethnography: the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies
paleoethnography: the ethnography of paleolithic humans
social anthropology: the branch of anthropology that deals with human culture and society
politics: the study of government of states and other political units
realpolitik: politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations
politics: the opinion you hold with respect to political questions
home economics: theory and practice of homemaking
economics: the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
game theory: (economics) a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
demography: the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations
penology: the branch of criminology concerned with prison management and prisoner rehabilitation
biosystematics: use of data (e.g. cytogenetic or biochemical) to assess taxonomic relations especially within an evolutionary framework
cladistics: a system of biological taxonomy based on the quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct cladograms summarizing the (assumed) phylogenetic relations and evolutionary history of groups of organisms
humanistic discipline: studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills) the college of arts and sciences
classicism: a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans
romanticism: a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization Romanticism valued imagination and emotion over rationality
english: the discipline that studies the English language and literature
history: the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings he teaches Medieval history history takes the long view
glottochronology: the determination of how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language he mapped the glottochronology of the Romance languages
history: all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge the dawn of recorded history from the beginning of history
fine arts: the study and creation of visual works of art
occidentalism: the scholarly knowledge of western cultures and languages and people
orientalism: the scholarly knowledge of Asian cultures and languages and people
ethics: the philosophical study of moral values and rules
eudemonism: an ethical system that evaluates actions by reference to personal well-being through a life based on reason
etiology: the philosophical study of causation
aesthetics: (art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art) traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and timeless criteria of artistic value
jurisprudence: the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do
symbolic logic: any logical system that abstracts the form of statements away from their content in order to establish abstract criteria of consistency and validity
boolean logic: a system of symbolic logic devised by George Boole; used in computers
propositional logic: a branch of symbolic logic dealing with propositions as units and with their combinations and the connectives that relate them
predicate calculus: a system of symbolic logic that represents individuals and predicates and quantification over individuals (as well as the relations between propositions)
methodology: the branch of philosophy that analyzes the principles and procedures of inquiry in a particular discipline
philosophical doctrine: a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
structuralism: a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
structuralism: an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
dialect geography: the study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features
historical linguistics: the study of linguistic change the synchrony and diachrony of language
literature: the humanistic study of a body of literature he took a course in Russian lit
literary criticism: the informed analysis and evaluation of literature
prosody: the study of poetic meter and the art of versification
linguistics: the humanistic study of language and literature
sinology: the study of Chinese history and language and culture
stemmatology: the humanistic discipline that attempts to reconstruct the transmission of a text (especially a text in manuscript form) on the basis of relations between the various surviving manuscripts (sometimes using cladistic analysis) stemmatology also plays an important role in musicology transcription errors are of decisive importance in stemmatics
cryptanalysis: the science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms
syntax: the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
phonology: the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes
morphology: the admissible arrangement of sounds in words
inflectional morphology: the part of grammar that deals with the inflections of words
toponymy: the branch of lexicology that studies the place names of a region or a language
cognitive semantics: the branch of semantics that studies the cognitive aspects of meaning
grimm's law: a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
verner's law: a qualification of Grimm's law
structuralism: linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse
theology: the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth
liturgics: the study of liturgies
theology: a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings Jewish theology Roman Catholic theology
christian theology: the teachings of Christian churches
christology: the branch of theology concerned with the person and attributes and deeds of Christ
jesuitism: the theology or the practices of the Jesuits (often considered to be casuistic)
patristics: the study of the lives, writings, and doctrines of the Church Fathers
teaching: a doctrine that is taught the teachings of religion he believed all the Christian precepts
mitzvah: (Judaism) a precept or commandment of the Jewish law
christology: a religious doctrine or theory based on Jesus or Jesus' teachings
thomism: the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
arianism: heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son
athanasianism: the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
boehmenism: the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
episcopalianism: the theological doctrine of church government by bishops
erastianism: the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
hinayanism: the religious doctrine of Hinayana Buddhism
jansenism: the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
mahayanism: the religious doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism
marcionism: the Christian heresy of the 2nd and 3rd centuries that rejected the Old Testament and denied the incarnation of God in Jesus as a human
millenarianism: belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
monophysitism: a Christian heresy of the 5th and 6th centuries that challenged the orthodox definition of the two natures (human and divine) in Jesus and instead believed there was a single divine nature
monothelitism: the theological doctrine that Christ had only one will even though he had two natures (human and divine); condemned as heretical in the Third Council of Constantinople
nestorianism: the theological doctrine (named after Nestorius) that Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully God)
pelagianism: the theological doctrine put forward by Pelagius which denied original sin and affirmed the ability of humans to be righteous; condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431
quakerism: the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
rosicrucianism: the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and redemption; claims various occult powers
transcendentalism: any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
virgin birth: the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
attitude: a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways he had the attitude that work was fun
credence: the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true he gave credence to the gossip acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years
recognition: an acceptance (as of a claim) as true and valid the recognition of the Rio Grande as a boundary between Mexico and the United States
culture: the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization the developing drug culture the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture
kalashnikov culture: the attitudes and behavior in a social group that resolves political disputes by force of arms the Kalashnikov culture in Afghanistan
mosaic culture: a highly diverse culture the city's mosaic culture results in great diversity in the arts
defensive: an attitude of defensiveness (especially in the phrase `on the defensive')
hardball: a no-nonsense attitude in business or politics they play hardball in the Senate
high horse: an attitude of arrogant superiority get off your high horse and admit you are wrong
mentality: a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations
position: a rationalized mental attitude
hard line: a firm and uncompromising stance or position the governor took a hard line on drugs
inclination: an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others he had an inclination to give up too easily a tendency to be too strict
direction: a general course along which something has a tendency to develop I couldn't follow the direction of his thoughts his ideals determined the direction of his career they proposed a new direction for the firm
tenor: a settled or prevailing or habitual course of a person's life nothing disturbed the even tenor of her ways
drift: a general tendency to change (as of opinion) not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book a broad movement of the electorate to the right
gravitation: a figurative movement toward some attraction the gravitation of the middle class to the suburbs
call: a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course he was disappointed that he had not heard the Call
devices: an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase `left to your own devices' eventually the family left the house to the devices of this malevolent force the children were left to their own devices
sympathy: an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion his sympathies were always with the underdog I knew I could count on his understanding
favoritism: an inclination to favor some person or group
proclivity: a natural inclination he has a proclivity for exaggeration
bent: a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way the set of his mind was obvious
predilection: a predisposition in favor of something a predilection for expensive cars his sexual preferences showed a Marxist orientation
favor: an inclination to approve that style is in favor this season
disfavor: an inclination to withhold approval from some person or group
doghouse: an idiomatic term for being in disfavor in the doghouse
partiality: an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives
anthropocentrism: an inclination to evaluate reality exclusively in terms of human values
eurocentrism: belief in the preeminence of Europe and the Europeans
bias: a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
tilt: a slight but noticeable partiality the court's tilt toward conservative rulings
sectionalism: a partiality for some particular place
impartiality: an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally
fairness: ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
islamophobia: prejudice against Muslims Muslim intellectuals are afraid of growing Islamophobia in the West
anti-semitism: the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people
liberality: an inclination to favor progress and individual freedom
disinterest: tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement
narrow-mindedness: an inclination to criticize opposing opinions or shocking behavior
sectarianism: a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination he condemned religious sectarianism
bigotry: the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot
fanaticism: excessive intolerance of opposing views
zero tolerance: extreme intolerance of antisocial behavior (usually by an uncompromising application of the law) he urged zero tolerance for priests who abuse children sexually
respect: an attitude of admiration or esteem she lost all respect for him
estimate: the respect with which a person is held they had a high estimation of his ability
reputation: the general estimation that the public has for a person he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing he was a person of bad report
wavelength: a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding they are on the same wavelength
experimentalism: an orientation that favors experimentation and innovation the children of psychologists are often raised in an atmosphere of experimentalism
position: a way of regarding situations or topics etc. consider what follows from the positivist view
bird's eye view: a situation or topic as if viewed from an altitude or distance
vanguard: the position of greatest importance or advancement; the leading position in any movement or field the Cotswolds were once at the forefront of woollen manufacturing in England the idea of motion was always to the forefront of his mind and central to his philosophy
cityscape: a viewpoint toward a city or other heavily populated area the dominant character of the cityscape is it poverty