AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
team sport: a sport that involves competition between teams of players baseball is a team sport by golf is not
inculcation: teaching or impressing upon the mind by frequent instruction or repetition
tutelage: teaching pupils individually (usually by a tutor hired privately)
lesson: a unit of instruction he took driving lessons
directed study: a course of study that is supervised and controlled by a specialist in the subject he registered for directed study he got credit for directed study he did directed study
elective course: a course that the student can select from among alternatives
orientation course: a course introducing a new situation or environment
propaedeutic: a course that provides an introduction to an art or science (or to more advanced study generally)
refresher course: a course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments
shop class: a course of instruction in a trade (as carpentry or electricity) I built a birdhouse in shop
sleep-learning: teaching during sleep (as by using recordings to teach a foreign language to someone who is asleep)
lecture: teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class)
talk: the act of giving a talk to an audience I attended an interesting talk on local history
training: activity leading to skilled behavior
exercise: systematic training by multiple repetitions practice makes perfect
manual of arms: (military) a prescribed drill in handling a rifle
skull session: teaching strategy to an athletic team
rehearsal: a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert) he missed too many rehearsals a rehearsal will be held the day before the wedding
review: practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
rub up: a review that refreshes your memory I need a rub up on my Latin
model: the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)
dramatization: a dramatic representation
guerrilla theater: dramatization of a social issue; enacted outside in a park or on the street
pageant: an elaborate representation of scenes from history etc; usually involves a parade with rich costumes
symbolizing: the act of representing something with a symbol
schematization: providing a chart or outline of a system
pictorial representation: visual representation as by photography or painting
depiction: representation by drawing or painting etc
imaging: (medicine) obtaining pictures of the interior of the body
x-raying: obtaining images by the use of X rays
computerized tomography: a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis
sonography: using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth or study bodily organs
a-scan ultrasonography: the use of ultrasonography to measure the length of the eyeball
b-scan ultrasonography: the use of ultrasonography to view structure in the back of the eye
positron emission tomography: using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain)
magnetic resonance imaging: the use of nuclear magnetic resonance of protons to produce proton density images
functional magnetic resonance imaging: a form of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain that registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain
blood-oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging: functional magnetic resonance imaging that relies on intrinsic changes in hemoglobin oxygenation
radioscopy: (radiology) examination of the inner structure of opaque objects using X rays or other penetrating radiation
photography: the act of taking and printing photographs
roentgenography: radiography that uses X-rays to produce a roentgenogram
xerography: forming an image by the action of light on a specially coated charged plate; the latent image is developed with powders that adhere only to electrically charged areas edge enhancement is intrinsic in xerography
lymphangiography: roentgenographic examination of lymph nodes and lymph vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; produces a lymphangiogram
intravenous pyelography: performing pyelography with intravenous injection of a contrast medium
filming: the act of making a film
creation: the human act of creating
lace making: the act or art of making handmade lace
molding: the act of creating something by casting it in a mold
needlework: work (such as sewing or embroidery) that is done with a needle
recording: the act of making a record (especially an audio record) she watched the recording from a sound-proof booth
lip synchronization: combining audio and video recording in such a way that the sound is perfectly synchronized with the action that produced it; especially synchronizing the movements of a speaker's lips with the sound of his speech
mastering: the act of making a master recording from which copies can be made he received a bill for mastering the concert and making 100 copies
construction: the act of constructing something during the construction we had to take a detour his hobby was the building of boats
crenelation: the action of constructing ramparts with gaps for firing guns or arrows
erecting: the act of building or putting up
fabrication: the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery)
dismantling: the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery) Russia and the United States discussed the dismantling of their nuclear weapons
grading: changing the ground level to a smooth horizontal or gently sloping surface
shipbuilding: the construction of ships
production: the act or process of producing something Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous the production of white blood cells
production: (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale he introduced more efficient methods of production
overproduction: too much production or more than expected
output: production of a certain amount
capacity: the maximum production possible the plant is working at 80 per cent capacity
beekeeping: the cultivation of bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey
farming: the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
arboriculture: the cultivation of tree for the production of timber
culture: the raising of plants or animals the culture of oysters
dairying: the business of a dairy
gardening: the cultivation of plants
plowing: tilling the land with a plow he hired someone to do the plowing for him
hydroponics: a technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing dissolved nutrients
planting: putting seeds or young plants in the ground to grow the planting of corn is hard work
culture: (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar) the culture of cells in a Petri dish
starter: a culture containing yeast or bacteria that is used to start the process of fermentation or souring in making butter or cheese or dough to make sourdough you need a starter
naturalization: the introduction of animals or plants to places where they flourish but are not indigenous
landscaping: working as a landscape gardener
flower gardening: the cultivation of flowering plants
harvest: the season for gathering crops
haying: the season for cutting and drying and storing grass as fodder
generation: the production of heat or electricity dams were built for the generation of electricity
mining: the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth
strip mining: the mining of ore or coal from an open mine
boring: the act of drilling a hole in the earth in the hope of producing petroleum
industry: the organized action of making of goods and services for sale American industry is making increased use of computers to control production
industrialization: the development of industry on an extensive scale
devising: the act that results in something coming to be the devising of plans the fashioning of pots and pans the making of measurements it was already in the making
mapmaking: the making of maps and charts
moviemaking: the production of movies
fabrication: the act of making something (a product) from raw materials the synthesis and fabrication of single crystals an improvement in the manufacture of explosives manufacturing is vital to Great Britain
formation: the act of fabricating something in a particular shape
metalworking: the activity of making things out of metal in a skillful manner
granulation: the act of forming something into granules or grains the granulation of medicines
grooving: the cutting of spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel of a firearm
newspeak: deliberately ambiguous and contradictory language use to mislead and manipulate the public the welfare state brought its own newspeak
confection: the act of creating something (a medicine or drink or soup etc.) by compounding or mixing a variety of components
formation: creation by mental activity the formation of sentences the formation of memories
design: the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan) he contributed to the design of a new instrument
city planning: determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community
programming: creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something
logic programming: creating a program that enables the computer to reason logically
object-oriented programming: creating a program that can use and support objects
writing: the act of creating written works writing was a form of therapy for him it was a matter of disputed authorship
adoxography: fine writing in praise of trivial or base subjects Elizabethan schoolboys were taught adoxography, the art of eruditely praising worthless things adoxography is particularly useful to lawyers
dramatization: conversion into dramatic form the play was a dramatization of a short story
fabrication: writing in a fictional form
novelization: converting something into the form of a novel
realization: making real or giving the appearance of reality
depersonalization: representing a human being as a physical thing deprived of personal qualities or individuality according to Marx, treating labor as a commodity exemplified the reification of the individual
externalization: embodying in an outward form
hypostatization: regarding something abstract as a material thing
soul: the human embodiment of something the soul of honor
personification: the act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas etc.
art: the creation of beautiful or significant things art does not need to be innovative to be good I was never any good at art he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully
arts and crafts: the arts of decorative design and handicraft they sponsored arts and crafts in order to encourage craftsmanship in an age of mass production
drawing: the creation of artistic pictures or diagrams he learned drawing from his father
painting: creating a picture with paints he studied painting and sculpture for many years
sculpture: creating figures or designs in three dimensions
modeling: a preliminary sculpture in wax or clay from which a finished work can be copied
watercolor: the art or technique of painting with watercolors
engraving: making engraved or etched plates and printing designs from them
composing: musical creation
arrangement: the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music
orchestration: the act of arranging a piece of music for an orchestra and assigning parts to the different musical instruments
realization: the completion or enrichment of a piece of music left sparsely notated by a composer
neologism: the act of inventing a word or phrase
devisal: the act of devising something
conceptualization: inventing or contriving an idea or explanation and formulating it mentally
approach: ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation his approach to every problem is to draw up a list of pros and cons an attack on inflation his plan of attack was misguided
framing: formulation of the plans and important details the framing of judicial decrees
avenue: a line of approach they explored every avenue they could think of it promises to open new avenues to understanding
excavation: the act of digging there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton
carving: removing parts from hard material to create a desired pattern or shape
drilling: the act of drilling
abdominocentesis: centesis of the belly to remove fluid for diagnosis
amniocentesis: (pregnancy) extraction by centesis of amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman (after the 15th week of pregnancy) to aid in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities
lumbar puncture: removal by centesis of fluid from the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region of the spinal cord for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
thoracocentesis: removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
fetoscopy: prenatal diagnosis that allows direct observation of a fetus in the uterus and the withdrawal of fetal blood
prick: the act of puncturing with a small point he gave the balloon a small prick
film editing: the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film
search: the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
foraging: the act of searching for food and provisions
frisk: the act of searching someone for concealed weapons or illegal drugs he gave the suspect a quick frisk
looking: the act of searching visually
quest: the act of searching for something a quest for diamonds
ransacking: a thorough search for something (often causing disorder or confusion) he gave the attic a good rummage but couldn't find his skis
use: the act of using he warned against the use of narcotic drugs skilled in the utilization of computers
play: utilization or exercise the play of the imagination
misuse: improper or excessive use alcohol abuse the abuse of public funds
substance abuse: excessive use of drugs
alcohol abuse: excessive use of alcohol and alcoholic drinks
exploitation: the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful the development of Alaskan resources the exploitation of copper deposits
water development: making an area of water more useful
application: the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose he advocated the application of statistics to the problem a novel application of electronics to medical diagnosis
technology: the practical application of science to commerce or industry
automotive technology: the activity of designing and constructing automobiles
high technology: highly advanced technological development (especially in electronics)
rail technology: the activity of designing and constructing and operating railroads
magnetic levitation: high-speed rail technology; train is suspended on a magnetic cushion above a magnetized track and so travels free of friction
overexploitation: exploitation to the point of diminishing returns
capitalization: the act of capitalizing on an opportunity
commercialization: the act of commercializing something; involving something in commerce my father considered the commercialization of Christmas to be a sacrilege the government tried to accelerate the commercialization of this development both companies will retain control over the commercialization of their own products
capitalization: an estimation of the value of a business
market capitalization: an estimation of the value of a business that is obtained by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current price of a share
electrification: the act of providing electricity the electrification of rural Tennessee
unitization: the joint development of a petroleum resource that straddles territory controlled by different companies
military action: a military engagement he saw action in Korea
psychological warfare: the use of psychological tactics to destroy the opponents' morale
battle: a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
blockade: a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy
defense: (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies they died in the defense of Stalingrad they were developed for the defense program
electronic warfare: military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum
operation: activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
resistance: the military action of resisting the enemy's advance the enemy offered little resistance
saber rattling: the ostentatious display of military power (with the implied threat that it might be used)
armageddon: any catastrophically destructive battle they called the first World War an Armageddon
conflict: an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs
brush: a minor short-term fight
contretemps: an awkward clash he tried to smooth over his contretemps with the policeman
class struggle: conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes)
maneuver: a military training exercise
stand: a defensive effort the army made a final stand at the Rhone
repulsion: the act of repulsing or repelling an attack; a successful defensive stand
hasty defense: a defense organized while in contact with the enemy or when time is limited
deliberate defense: a defense organized before contact is made with the enemy and while time for organization is available; usually includes a fortified zone (with pillboxes) and communication systems
biological defense: procedures involved in taking defensive measures against attacks using biological agents
chemical defense: procedures involved in taking defensive measures against attacks using chemical agents
mining: laying explosive mines in concealed places to destroy enemy personnel and equipment
rebellion: organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another
insurgency: an organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict
intifada: an uprising by Palestinian Arabs (in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) against Israel in the late 1980s and again in 2000 the first intifada ended when Israel granted limited autonomy to the Palestine National Authority in 1993
pacification: actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency
peasant's revolt: a widespread rebellion in 1381 against poll taxes and other inequities that oppressed the poorer people of England; suppressed by Richard II
combat: an engagement fought between two military forces
aggression: violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked
hostilities: fighting; acts of overt warfare the outbreak of hostilities
trench warfare: a type of armed combat in which the opposing troops fight from trenches that face each other instead of the war ending quickly, it became bogged down in trench warfare
meat grinder: any action resulting in injury or destruction the meat grinder of politics destroyed his reputation allied forces crumbled before the Wehrmacht meat grinder
violence: an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
plundering: the act of stealing valuable things from a place the plundering of the Parthenon his plundering of the great authors
rape: the act of despoiling a country in warfare
looting: plundering during riots or in wartime
spoil: the act of stripping and taking by force
ravaging: plundering with excessive damage and destruction
depredation: an act of plundering and pillaging and marauding
sack: the plundering of a place by an army or mob; usually involves destruction and slaughter the sack of Rome
chemical warfare: warfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy
biological warfare: the use of bacteria or viruses or toxins to destroy men and animals or food
biological warfare defense: defense against biological warfare
campaign: several related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal (usually within geographical and temporal constraints)
expedition: a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country
crusade: any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11th to 13th centuries when Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims
first crusade: a Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there
second crusade: a Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187
third crusade: a Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal
fourth crusade: a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem
fifth crusade: a Crusade under papal control from 1218 to 1221 that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered
sixth crusade: a Crusade from 1228 to 1229 led by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who fell ill and was excommunicated by the Pope; by negotiation Frederick II was able to crown himself king of Jerusalem
seventh crusade: a Crusade initiated in 1248 after the loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and defeated in 1249
mission: an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters the planes were on a bombing mission
sortie: a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position
support: a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission they called for artillery support
attack: (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons) the attack began at dawn
war: the waging of armed conflict against an enemy thousands of people were killed in the war
air raid: an attack by armed planes on a surface target
charge: an impetuous rush toward someone or something the wrestler's charge carried him past his adversary the battle began with a cavalry charge
banzai attack: a mass attack of troops without concern for casualties; originated by Japanese who accompanied it with yells of `banzai'
diversion: an attack calculated to draw enemy defense away from the point of the principal attack
penetration: an attack that penetrates into enemy territory
blitz: a swift and violent military offensive with intensive aerial bombardment
safety blitz: (American football) defensive players try to break through the offensive line
mousetrap: (American football) a play in which a defensive player is allowed to cross the line of scrimmage and then blocked off as the runner goes through the place the lineman vacated
foray: a sudden short attack
strike: an attack that is intended to seize or inflict damage on or destroy an objective the strike was scheduled to begin at dawn
first strike: the initial use of nuclear weapons to attack a country that also has nuclear weapons; considered feasible only when the attacker can destroy the other country's ability to retaliate the Pakistani president promised no first strike against India
preventive strike: a strike that is carried out in order to deter expected aggression by hostile forces
counterattack: an attack by a defending force against an attacking enemy force in order to regain lost ground or cut off enemy advance units etc.
bombing: an attack by dropping bombs
carpet bombing: an extensive and systematic bombing intended to devastate a large target