AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
haemoproteidae: bird parasites
haemoproteus: type genus of the family Haemoproteidae
genus leucocytozoon: a genus of protoctist
leucocytozoan: parasitic in birds
babesiidae: piroplasms and cattle pathogens
genus babesia: type genus of the family Babesiidae
acnidosporidia: a subclass of Sporozoa
sarcosporidia: imperfectly known parasites of the muscles of vertebrates
sarcocystis: chief genus of the order Sarcosporidia
sarcosporidian: parasite of the muscles of vertebrates
haplosporidia: an order in the subclass Acnidosporidia
cnidosporidia: single-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates
actinomyxidia: parasites of worms
mycrosporidia: an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
myxosporidia: an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
pseudopod: temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion
malacopterygii: an extensive group of teleost fishes having fins supported by flexible cartilaginous rays
soft-finned fish: any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii
ostariophysi: in some classifications considered a superorder comprising the Cypriniformes and the Siluriformes
cypriniformes: an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi
cobitidae: loaches
cyprinidae: a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace
cyprinid: soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales
cyprinus: type genus of the family Cyprinidae: carp
domestic carp: large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest
abramis: European fishes
european bream: European freshwater fish having a flattened body and silvery scales; of little value as food
tinca: tench
tench: freshwater dace-like game fish of Europe and western Asia noted for ability to survive outside water
leuciscus: a genus of fish including: dace, chub
dace: small European freshwater fish with a slender bluish-green body
chub: European freshwater game fish with a thick spindle-shaped body
notropis: shiners
emerald shiner: small blunt-nosed fish of Great Lakes and Mississippi valley with a greenish luster
common shiner: the common North American shiner
notemigonus: golden shiners
golden shiner: shiner of eastern North America having golden glints; sometimes also called `bream'
rutilus: roaches
roach: European freshwater food fish having a greenish back
scardinius: rudds
rudd: European freshwater fish resembling the roach
phoxinus: minnows
minnow: very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams
gobio: true gudgeons
gudgeon: small slender European freshwater fish often used as bait by anglers
carassius: goldfish
goldfish: small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes
crucian carp: European carp closely resembling wild goldfish
electrophoridae: small family comprising the electric eels
electrophorus: type genus of the family Electrophoridae; electric eels
electric eel: eel-shaped freshwater fish of South America having electric organs in its body
catostomidae: suckers; closely related to the family Cyprinidae
catostomus: type genus of the family Catostomidae
ictiobus: buffalo fishes
buffalo fish: any of several large suckers of the Mississippi valley
black buffalo: fish of the lower Mississippi
hypentelium: a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
hog sucker: widely distributed in warm clear shallow streams
maxostoma: a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
redhorse: North American sucker with reddish fins
cyprinodontidae: large family of small soft-finned fishes; killifishes; flagfishes; swordtails; guppies
fundulus: killifish
mummichog: silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States
striped killifish: black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the United States
genus rivulus: killifish
jordanella: flagfishes
flagfish: a fish with a dark-blue back and whitish sides with red stripes; found in swamps and streams of Florida
xyphophorus: swordtails
swordtail: freshwater fish of Central America having a long swordlike tail; popular aquarium fish
lebistes: guppies
guppy: small freshwater fish of South America and the West Indies; often kept in aquariums
poeciliidae: topminnows
topminnow: small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control
gambusia: mosquitofish
mosquitofish: silvery topminnow with rows of black spots of tropical North America and West Indies; important in mosquito control
platypoecilus: platys
platy: small stocky Mexican fish; popular aquarium fish
mollienesia: mollies
mollie: popular aquarium fish
berycomorphi: an order of spiny-finned fish in the superorder Acanthopterygii
holocentridae: squirrelfishes and soldierfishes
holocentrus: type genus of the family Holocentridae; squirrelfishes
reef squirrelfish: on reefs from Bermuda and Florida to northern South America
deepwater squirrelfish: a squirrelfish found from South Carolina to Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico
holocentrus ascensionis: bright red fish of West Indies and Bermuda
soldierfish: the larger squirrelfishes
anomalopidae: a family of fish including: flashlight fishes
genus anomalops: type genus of the family Anomalopidae
anomalops: fish having a luminous organ beneath eye; of warm waters of the western Pacific and Puerto Rico
krypterophaneron: a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
photoblepharon: a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
flashlight fish: fish of deep dark waters having a light organ below each eye
zeomorphi: dories
zeidae: a family of fish in the order Zeomorphi
zeus: type genus of the family Zeidae
john dory: European dory
caproidae: boarfishes
capros: a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
boarfish: fish with a projecting snout
antigonia: a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
solenichthyes: bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout
fistulariidae: cornetfishes
fistularia: type genus of the family Fistulariidae
gasterosteidae: sticklebacks
stickleback: small (2-4 inches) pugnacious mostly scaleless spiny-backed fishes of northern fresh and littoral waters having elaborate courtship; subjects of much research
gasterosteus: type genus of the family Gasterosteidae
three-spined stickleback: of rivers and coastal regions
ten-spined stickleback: confined to rivers
syngnathidae: pipefishes
pipefish: fish with long tubular snout and slim body covered with bony plates
syngnathus: type genus of the family Syngnathidae
dwarf pipefish: small (4 inches) fish found off the Florida Gulf Coast
cosmocampus: a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae
deepwater pipefish: a fish 8 inches long; found from eastern Florida to western Caribbean
hippocampus: seahorses
seahorse: small fish with horse-like heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position
macrorhamphosidae: bellows fishes
snipefish: small bottom-dwelling fish of warm seas having a compressed body and a long snout with a toothless mouth
centriscidae: shrimpfishes
shrimpfish: slender tropical shallow-water East Indian fish covered with transparent plates
aulostomidae: trumpetfishes
aulostomus: type genus of the Aulostomidae
trumpetfish: tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout; swims snout down
embryo: an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life
blastocoel: the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
blastoderm: a layer of cells on the inside of the blastula
fetus: an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
monster: (medicine) a grossly malformed and usually nonviable fetus
blastula: early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum; a liquid-filled sphere whose wall is composed of a single layer of cells; during this stage (about eight days after fertilization) implantation in the wall of the uterus occurs
blastocyst: the blastula of a placental mammal in which some differentiation of cells has occurred
trophoblast: the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta
ectoderm: the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
mesoderm: the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
chordamesoderm: the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord
endoderm: the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
yolk: nutritive material of an ovum stored for the nutrition of an embryo (especially the yellow mass of a bird or reptile egg)
yolk sac: membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammalian embryos until the heart becomes functional
chordata: comprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord
cephalochordata: lancelets
amphioxidae: lancelets
genus amphioxus: type genus of the Amphioxidae
lancelet: small translucent lancet-shaped burrowing marine animal; primitive forerunner of the vertebrates
urochordata: tunicates
tunicate: primitive marine animal having a saclike unsegmented body and a urochord that is conspicuous in the larva
ascidiaceae: sometimes classified as an order: sea squirts
siphon: a tubular organ in an aquatic animal (especially in mollusks) through which water can be taken in or expelled
thaliacea: small class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
salpidae: a small family of tunicates in the class Thaliacea
genus salpa: type (perhaps sole) genus of the Salpidae
salp: minute floating marine tunicate having a transparent body with an opening at each end
doliolidae: oceanic tunicates
genus doliolum: type genus of the Doliolidae
larvacea: small free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
genus appendicularia: a genus of chordates in the class Larvacea
vertebrata: fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals
vertebrate: animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
amniota: higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals) possessing an amnion during development
amnion: thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
chorioallantois: the very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois
agnatha: superclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms
jawless vertebrate: eel-shaped vertebrate without jaws or paired appendages including the cyclostomes and some extinct forms
ostracodermi: extinct group of armored jawless vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
heterostraci: extinct group of armored jawless fishes or fish-like vertebrate; taxonomy is not clear
osteostraci: extinct group of armored fish-like vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
osteostracan: extinct jawless fish of the Devonian with armored head
anaspida: extinct order of jawless vertebrates
conodonta: extinct order of primitive vertebrates; the precise taxonomy is not clear; in some classifications considered a separate phylum
cyclostomata: primitive jawless aquatic vertebrate: lampreys; hagfishes
petromyzoniformes: lampreys as distinguished from hagfishes
petromyzontidae: lampreys
lamprey: primitive eellike freshwater or anadromous cyclostome having round sucking mouth with a rasping tongue
petromyzon: typical lampreys
sea lamprey: large anadromous lamprey sometimes used as food; destructive of native fish fauna in the Great Lakes
myxiniformes: hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys
myxinidae: slime-producing marine animals: hagfishes
hagfish: eellike cyclostome having a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles; feeds on dead or trapped fishes by boring into their bodies
myxine: type genus of the Myxinidae (typical hagfishes)
myxine glutinosa: typical hagfish
genus eptatretus: a genus of fossil fish of the family Myxinidae
myxinikela: fossil hagfishes
myxinikela siroka: fossil hagfish of the Pennsylvanian period (c. 300 million years ago) that resembled modern hagfishes
gnathostomata: comprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws
placodermi: extinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws
chondrichthyes: cartilaginous fishes
cartilaginous fish: fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified
holocephali: chimaeras and extinct forms
holocephalan: fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail
chimaeridae: a family of Holocephali
genus chimaera: type genus of the Chimaeridae
rabbitfish: large European chimaera
elasmobranchii: sharks; rays; dogfishes; skates
elasmobranch: any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
hexanchidae: primitive sharks
hexanchus: a genus of Hexanchidae
cow shark: large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas
lamnidae: oceanic sharks
isuridae: in some classifications another name for the family Lamnidae
lamna: a genus of Lamnidae
porbeagle: voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
isurus: mako sharks
mako: powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific
shortfin mako: very swift active bluish shark found worldwide in warm waters; important game fish
longfin mako: similar to shortfin mako but darker blue
bonito shark: common blue-grey shark of southwest Pacific; sport and food fish
carcharodon: man-eating sharks
great white shark: large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans
cetorhinus: comprising only the basking sharks; in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Cetorhinidae
cetorhinidae: in some older classifications considered the family of the basking sharks
basking shark: large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface
alopiidae: thresher sharks
alopius: type genus of the family Alopiidae; in some classifications considered a genus of the family Lamnidae
thresher: large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed
orectolobidae: nurse sharks and carpet sharks
orectolobus: carpet sharks
carpet shark: shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin
ginglymostoma: nurse sharks
nurse shark: small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North America and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia
carchariidae: sand sharks; in some classifications coextensive with family Carcharhinidae
carcharias: type and sole genus of Carchariidae: sand sharks
sand tiger: shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers
rhincodontidae: small-toothed sharks comprising only one species
rhincodon: whale sharks
whale shark: large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton
scyliorhinidae: small bottom-dwelling sharks
carcharhinidae: largest family of living sharks; found worldwide especially in tropical waters; dorsal fin lacks spines: requiem sharks including tiger sharks and soupfin sharks
carcharhinus: type genus of the Carcharhinidae
bull shark: a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous
sandbar shark: most common grey shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen
blacktip shark: widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink
whitetip shark: large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark
dusky shark: relatively slender blue-grey shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
negaprion: lemon sharks
lemon shark: common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous
prionace: blue sharks
blue shark: slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters
galeocerdo: tiger sharks
tiger shark: large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body
galeorhinus: a genus of Carcharhinidae
soupfin shark: Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)
triakidae: small sharks with smooth skins and lacking spines on their dorsal fins
mustelus: smooth dogfishes
smoothhound: smooth dogfish of European coastal waters
american smooth dogfish: found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
florida smoothhound: found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
triaenodon: a genus of Triakidae
whitetip shark: smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian Oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins
squalidae: dogfishes having a spine in each dorsal fin
squalus: spiny dogfishes
atlantic spiny dogfish: destructive dogfish of the Atlantic coastal waters of America and Europe; widely used in anatomy classes
pacific spiny dogfish: dogfish of Pacific coast of North America
sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks; bonnethead sharks
sphyrna: type genus of the Sphyrnidae
hammerhead: medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous
smooth hammerhead: fished for the hides and vitamin-rich liver
smalleye hammerhead: fished for the hide and vitamin-rich liver
shovelhead: small harmless hammerhead having a spade-shaped head; abundant in bays and estuaries
squatinidae: bottom-dwelling ray-like sharks
squatina: type genus of the Squatinidae: angel sharks
angel shark: sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do
torpediniformes: rays with bodies shaped like torpedoes
torpedinidae: electric rays
electric ray: any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
rajiformes: fish with dorsoventrally flattened bodies; includes: rays; skates; guitarfishes; sawfishes
pristidae: large primitive rays with elongated snouts
pristis: type genus of the Pristidae
smalltooth sawfish: commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
rhinobatidae: primitive rays with guitar-shaped bodies
dasyatidae: sting rays
dasyatis: type genus of the Dasyatidae
roughtail stingray: one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
gymnura: butterfly rays
myliobatidae: eagle rays
aetobatus: a genus of Myliobatidae
spotted eagle ray: ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
rhinoptera: a genus of Myliobatidae
cownose ray: large ray found along eastern coast of North America
mobulidae: large rays lacking venomous spines: mantas
manta: extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
genus manta: a genus of Mobulidae
atlantic manta: largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
mobula: type genus of the Mobulidae
devil ray: small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
rajidae: bottom-dwelling tropical rays: skates
raja: type genus of the family Rajidae
grey skate: common European skate used as food
little skate: most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
thorny skate: cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
barndoor skate: one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook
aves: (ornithology) the class of birds
dickeybird: small bird; adults talking to children sometimes use these words to refer to small birds
fledgling: young bird that has just fledged or become capable of flying
nestling: young bird not yet fledged
gamecock: a cock bred and trained for fighting
genus protoavis: extinct primitive birds of the Triassic period; 70 million years before archaeopteryx
archaeornithes: primitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous
genus archaeopteryx: a genus of fossil birds
archaeopteryx: extinct primitive toothed bird of the Jurassic period having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds
genus sinornis: a genus of fossil birds
sinornis: sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Jurassic period to the Cretaceous period having a keeled breastbone and vestigial tail; found in China; considered possibly the second most primitive of all birds
genus ibero-mesornis: a genus of fossil bird of the subclass Archaeornithes
ibero-mesornis: sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Cretaceous period having a vestigial tail; found in Spain; considered possibly the third most primitive of all birds
genus archaeornis: a genus of fossil bird
ratite: flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds
carinate: birds having keeled breastbones for attachment of flight muscles
ratitae: used in former classifications to include all ratite bird orders
struthioniformes: a ratite bird order: ostriches and related extinct birds; known from the Pleistocene onward
struthionidae: tall terrestrial birds: ostriches
struthio: type genus of the Struthionidae: African ostriches
ostrich: fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird
casuariiformes: a ratite bird order: cassowaries and emus
casuaridae: a family of large ostrich-like birds including cassowaries
casuarius: type and sole genus of the Casuaridae: cassowaries
dromaius: a genus of birds in the order Casuariiformes
emu: large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller
apterygiformes: a ratite bird order: flightless ground birds having vestigial wings and long bills and small eyes: kiwis
apterygidae: coextensive with the order Apterygiformes
genus apteryx: type genus of the Apterygidae: kiwis
kiwi: nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes
rheiformes: a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas
rheidae: a family of birds coextensive with the order Rheiformes
genus rhea: type genus of the Rheidae; large tall flightless South American birds similar to but smaller than ostriches
rhea: larger of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Brazil to Patagonia
pterocnemia: a genus of birds of the family Rheidae
rhea: smaller of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Peru to Strait of Magellan
aepyorniformes: huge extinct flightless birds: elephant birds
aepyornidae: coextensive with the order Aepyorniformes
genus aepyornis: type genus of the Aepyornidae: elephant birds
elephant bird: huge (to 9 ft.) extinct flightless bird of Madagascar
dinornithiformes: a ratite bird order: recently extinct flightless birds of New Zealand
dinornithidae: moas
dinornis: type genus of the Dinornithidae: large moas
giant moa: the largest moa; about 12 feet high
genus anomalopteryx: small moas
anomalopteryx: the smallest moa; slender moa about the size of a large turkey
insessores: a bird with feet adapted for perching (as on tree branches); this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists
passeriformes: largest order of birds comprising about half the known species; rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; the four suborders are Eurylaimi and Tyranni and Menurae and Oscines or Passeres
passerine: perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless