AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
frill: an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal
nape: the back side of the neck
throat: the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone
fistula: an abnormal passage leading from a suppurating cavity to the body surface
shunt: a passage by which a bodily fluid (especially blood) is diverted from one channel to another an arteriovenus shunt
shoulder: a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula
deltoid: a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm
armpit: the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder they were up to their armpits in water
torso: the body excluding the head and neck and limbs they moved their arms and legs and bodies
serratus: any of several muscles of the trunk
anterior serratus muscle: muscles that rotate the scapula and elevate the rib cage
posterior serratus muscle: skeletal muscle that draws the rib cage backward and downward
side: either the left or right half of a body he had a pain in his side
female chest: the chest of a woman
pectoral: either of two large muscles of the chest
pectoralis major: a skeletal muscle that adducts and rotates the arm
pectoralis minor: a skeletal muscle that draws down the scapula or raises the ribs
intercostal: muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration
depressor: any skeletal muscle that draws a body part down
thorax: the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates
chest cavity: the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
breast: the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen he beat his breast in anger
mammary gland: milk-secreting organ of female mammals
breast: either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman
nipple: the small projection of a mammary gland
areola: small circular area such as that around the human nipple or an inflamed area around a pimple or insect bite
middle: the middle area of the human torso (usually in front) young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable
waist: the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips
belly: a protruding abdomen
pot: slang for a paunch
spare tire: excess fat around the waistline
navel: a scar where the umbilical cord was attached you were not supposed to show your navel on television they argued whether or not Adam had a navel she had a tattoo just above her bellybutton
abdomen: the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
abdominal: the muscles of the abdomen
dorsum: the back of the body of a vertebrate or any analogous surface (as the upper or outer surface of an organ or appendage or part) the dorsum of the foot
underbelly: the soft belly or underside of an animal's body
external oblique muscle: a diagonally arranged abdominal muscle on either side of the torso
transversus abdominis muscle: a flat muscle with transverse fibers that forms the anterior and lateral walls of the abdominal cavity
abdominal cavity: the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm
pubes: the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs
back: the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine his back was nicely tanned
latissimus dorsi: a broad flat muscle on either side of the back
buttocks: the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on he deserves a good kick in the butt are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
buttock: either of the two large fleshy masses of muscular tissue that form the human rump
extremity: an external body part that projects from the body it is important to keep the extremities warm
pin: informal terms for the leg fever left him weak on his sticks
bowleg: a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
shank's mare: you own legs I traveled on shank's mare
spindlelegs: long thin legs
lap: the upper side of the thighs of a seated person he picked up the little girl and plopped her down in his lap
vertebrate foot: the extremity of the limb in vertebrates
foot: the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint his bare feet projected from his trousers armored from head to foot
hand: the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb he had the hands of a surgeon he extended his mitt
fist: a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)
hooks: large strong hand (as of a fighter) wait till I get my hooks on him
right: the hand that is on the right side of the body he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left hit him with quick rights to the body
left: the hand that is on the left side of the body jab with your left
palm: the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers
digit: a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates
finger: any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb) her fingers were long and thin
thumb: the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb
index: the finger next to the thumb
ring finger: the third finger (especially of the left hand)
little finger: the finger farthest from the thumb
sciatic nerve: arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves
femoral nerve: one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh
saphenous nerve: a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot
phrenic nerve: one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
ulnar nerve: a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand
spinal nerve: any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)
coccygeal nerve: the lowest pair of spinal nerves
gluteus: any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh
hamstring: one of the tendons at the back of the knee
sphincter: a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening
esophagogastric junction: the junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium
anal sphincter: the sphincter muscle of the anus
urethral sphincter: a striated sphincter muscle that constricts the urethra
bladder sphincter: the sphincter muscle of the urinary bladder; made up of a thickened muscular layer of bladder around the urethral opening
pupillary sphincter: a ring of smooth muscle surrounding the iris
pyloric sphincter: the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
knee: hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella
femur: the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee
calf: the muscular back part of the shank
gastrocnemius: the muscle in the back part of the leg that forms the greater part of the calf; responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot
rhomboid: any of several muscles of the upper back that help move the shoulder blade
rhomboideus major muscle: rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the spinal column
rhomboid minor muscle: rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the vertebral column and slightly upward
soleus: a broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg under the gastrocnemius muscle
splenius: either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull and serve to rotate or flex or extend the head and neck
ball: a more or less rounded anatomical body or mass the ball at the base of the thumb he stood on the balls of his feet
flatfoot: a foot afflicted with a fallen arch; abnormally flattened and spread out
sunken arch: an instep flattened so the entire sole rests on the ground
big toe: the first largest innermost toe
gliding joint: a freely moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions
ankle: a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus
achilles tendon: a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf
musculus biceps femoris: the biceps muscle of the thigh; it flexes the knee and rotates the leg laterally
biceps brachii: a muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm
triceps brachii: the skeletal muscle having three origins that extends the forearm when it contracts
elbow: hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped
hinge joint: a freely moving joint in which the bones are so articulated as to allow extensive movement in one plane
funny bone: a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone the funny bone is not humerus
horny structure: any rigid body structure composed primarily of keratin
half-moon: the crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail
matrix: the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded
fascia: a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
graft: (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
autograft: tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms
homograft: tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft
heterograft: tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
ingrown toenail: toenail having its free tip or edges embedded in the surrounding flesh
hangnail: a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
wrist: a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
knuckle: a joint of a finger when the fist is closed
skeletal system: the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal
shoulder girdle: the bony arch formed by the collarbones and shoulder blades in humans
hemal arch: a structure arising ventrally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the caudal blood vessels
neural arch: a structure arising dorsally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the spinal cord
spinal column: the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord the fall broke his back
cervical vertebra: one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region
atlas: the 1st cervical vertebra
axis: the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head
thoracic vertebra: one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra
coccygeal vertebra: one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
sartorius: a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body
scalenus: any of four pairs of muscles extending from the cervical vertebrae to the second rib; involved in moving the neck and in breathing
sternocleidomastoid: one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone; turns head obliquely to the opposite side; when acting together they flex the neck and extend the head
teres: either of two muscles in the shoulder region that move the shoulders and arms
teres major: teres muscle that moves the arm and rotates it medially
teres minor: teres muscle that adducts the arm and rotates it laterally
tibialis: either of two skeletal muscle in each leg arising from the tibia; provides for movement of the foot
tibialis anticus: a muscle running from the tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones
tibialis posticus: a deep muscle of the leg
trapezius: either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back that are involved in moving the shoulders and arms
diaphysis: the main (mid) section of a long bone
ulna: the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
olecranon: process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended
fibula: the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
tibia: the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
joint: (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)
ball-and-socket joint: a freely moving joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone
head: the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint the head of the humerus
hip: the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
acetabulum: the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
pelvis: a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter
pelvis: the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates
pivot joint: a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation the articulation of the radius and ulna in the arm is a pivot joint
crotch: the angle formed by the inner sides of the legs where they join the human trunk
groin: the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals
nose: the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals he has a cold in the nose
beak: informal terms for the nose
bridge: the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose
roman nose: a nose with a prominent slightly aquiline bridge
chin: the protruding part of the lower jaw
double chin: a fold of fatty tissue under the chin
dimple: a small natural hollow in the cheek or chin His dimple appeared whenever he smiled
nostril: either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose
face: the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear he washed his face I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news
countenance: the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)
pudding face: a large fat human face
feature: the characteristic parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin an expression of pleasure crossed his features his lineaments were very regular
temporalis muscle: muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible; acts to raise the mandible and close the jaws
brow: the part of the face above the eyes
temple: the flat area on either side of the forehead the veins in his temple throbbed
supraorbital ridge: a ridge on the frontal bone above the eye socket
rudiment: the remains of a body part that was functional at an earlier stage of life Meckel's diverticulum is the rudiment of the embryonic yolk sac
wall: (anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure stomach walls
humor: (Middle Ages) one of the four fluids in the body whose balance was believed to determine your emotional and physical state the humors are blood and phlegm and yellow and black bile
spindle: (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle chromosomes are distributed by spindles in mitosis and meiosis
serous membrane: a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid
synovial membrane: a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
tunic: an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
celom: a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity
ruga: (anatomy) a fold or wrinkle or crease rugae of the stomach
mast cell: a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation
mcburney's point: a point one third of the way along a line drawn from the hip to the umbilicus; the point of maximum sensitivity in acute appendicitis
alpha receptor: receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
beta receptor: receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
rima glottidis: the space between the two true vocal folds
rima vestibuli: the opening between the false vocal folds
telomere: either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome telomeres act as caps to keep the sticky ends of chromosomes from randomly clumping together
wormian bone: any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones
zone: (anatomy) any encircling or beltlike structure
zonule: small beltlike zone
mind: that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason his mind wandered I couldn't get his words out of my head
noddle: an informal British expression for head or mind use your noddle
place: an abstract mental location he has a special place in my thoughts a place in my heart a political system with no place for the less prominent groups
public knowledge: knowledge that is available to anyone
light: public awareness it brought the scandal to light
open: information that has become public all the reports were out in the open the facts had been brought to the surface
unconscious mind: that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware
subconscious mind: psychic activity just below the level of awareness
astuteness: the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas
sagacity: the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations
eye: good discernment (either visually or as if visually) she has an eye for fresh talent he has an artist's eye
common sense: sound practical judgment Common sense is not so common he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples fortunately she had the good sense to run away
logic: reasoned and reasonable judgment it made a certain kind of logic
nous: common sense she has great social nous
discretion: knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress the servants showed great tact and discretion
caution: judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger he exercised caution in opening the door he handled the vase with care
injudiciousness: lacking good judgment
ability: possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done danger heightened his powers of discrimination
bag of tricks: a supply of ways of accomplishing something every good mechanic has a large bag of tricks
wisdom: ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight
leadership: the ability to lead he believed that leadership can be taught
brain: mental ability he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
breadth: the capacity to understand a broad range of topics a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject a man distinguished by the largeness and scope of his views
capaciousness: intellectual breadth the very capaciousness of the idea meant that agreement on fundamentals was unnecessary his unselfishness gave him great intellectual roominess
mind: knowledge and intellectual ability he reads to improve his mind he has a keen intellect
mental quickness: intelligence as revealed by an ability to give correct responses without delay
nimbleness: intelligence as revealed by quickness and alertness of mind nimbleness of wit and imagination
brilliance: unusual mental ability
coruscation: a sudden or striking display of brilliance coruscations of great wit
precociousness: intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules
acuteness: a quick and penetrating intelligence he argued with great acuteness I admired the keenness of his mind
steel trap: an acute intelligence (an analogy based on the well-known sharpness of steel traps) he's as sharp as a steel trap a mind like a steel trap
brightness: intelligence as manifested in being quick and witty
craft: shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
shrewdness: intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
insightfulness: shrewdness shown by keen insight
wits: the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception he used his wits to get ahead I was scared out of my wits he still had all his marbles and was in full possession of a lively mind
instinct: inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli the spawning instinct in salmon altruistic instincts in social animals
capacity: the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
capability: an aptitude that may be developed
perfectibility: the capability of becoming perfect he believes in the ultimate perfectibility of man
compass: the limit of capability within the compass of education
sight: the range of vision out of sight of land
endowment: natural abilities or qualities
bent: a special way of doing something he had a bent for it he had a special knack for getting into trouble he couldn't get the hang of it
flair: a natural talent he has a flair for mathematics he has a genius for interior decorating
creativity: the ability to create
fecundity: the intellectual productivity of a creative imagination
flight: passing above and beyond ordinary bounds a flight of fancy flights of rhetoric flights of imagination
genius: exceptional creative ability
imagination: the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses popular imagination created a world of demons imagination reveals what the world could be
imaginary place: a place that exists only in imagination; a place said to exist in fictional or religious writings
annwfn: (Welsh mythology) the other world; land of fairies
asgard: (Norse mythology) the heavenly dwelling of the Norse gods (the Aesir) and slain war heroes
atlantis: according to legend, an island in the Atlantic Ocean that Plato said was swallowed by an earthquake
brobdingnag: a land imagined by Jonathan Swift where everything was enormous
cockaigne: (Middle Ages) an imaginary land of luxury and idleness
el dorado: an imaginary place of great wealth and opportunity; sought in South America by 16th-century explorers
fairyland: the enchanted realm of fairies
heaven: the abode of God and the angels
abraham's bosom: the place where the just enjoy the peace of heaven after death
celestial city: phrases used to refer to Heaven the Celestial City was Christian's goal in Bunyan's `Pilgrim's Progress'
elysium: (Greek mythology) the abode of the blessed after death
elysium: a place or condition of ideal happiness
eden: a beautiful garden where Adam and Eve were placed at the Creation; when they disobeyed and ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil they were driven from their paradise (the fall of man)
paradise: (Christianity) the abode of righteous souls after death
promised land: the goal towards which Christians strive