AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
representation: a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting certain representations were made concerning police brutality
reason: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
cause: a justification for something existing or happening he had no cause to complain they had good reason to rejoice
defense: the justification for some act or belief he offered a persuasive defense of the theory
apology: a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly
excuse: a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc. he kept finding excuses to stay every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job his transparent self-justification was unacceptable
extenuation: a partial excuse to mitigate censure; an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances
exposition: an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse we would have understood the play better if there had been some initial exposition of the background
exposition: a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic
moralizing: indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code his constant moralizing drove me mad
solution: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem they were trying to find a peaceful solution the answers were in the back of the book he computed the result to four decimal places
gloss: an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text
deriving: (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase
contextual definition: a definition in which the term is used by embedding it in a larger expression containing its explanation a contextual definition of `legal duty' might be `X has a legal duty to do Y means that X is required to do Y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law'
redefinition: the act of giving a new definition words like `conservative' require periodic redefinition she provided a redefinition of his duties
answer: a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation I waited several days for his answer he wrote replies to several of his critics
announcement: a public statement containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen the announcement appeared in the local newspaper the promulgation was written in English
advisory: an announcement that usually advises or warns the public of some threat a frost advisory
annunciation: (Christianity) the announcement to the Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel of the incarnation of Christ
handout: an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation
notice: an announcement containing information about an event; ; ; "a notice of sale you didn't give me enough notice an obituary notice
caveat: (law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing a caveat filed against the probate of a will
obituary: a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography
parallel lives: a collection of biographies of famous pairs of Greeks and Romans written by Plutarch; used by Shakespeare in writing some of his plays
program: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event you can't tell the players without a program
playbill: a theatrical program he couldn't find her name on the playbill
prediction: a statement made about the future
meteorology: predicting what the weather will be
prognosis: a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
prophecy: a prediction uttered under divine inspiration
weather forecast: a forecast of the weather
particular: (logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class
universal: (logic) a proposition that asserts something of all members of a class
term: one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
categorem: a categorematic expression; a term capable of standing alone as the subject or predicate of a logical proposition names are called categorems
syncategorem: a syncategorematic expression; a word that cannot be used alone as a term in a logical proposition logical quantifiers, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are called syncategoremes
conclusion: the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)
postulate: (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning
premise: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
major premise: the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)
minor premise: the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)
condition: an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else
provision: a stipulated condition he accepted subject to one provision
scenario: a postulated sequence of possible events planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack
falsehood: a false statement
dodge: a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery
lie: a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth
fib: a trivial lie he told a fib about eating his spinach how can I stop my child from telling stories?
fairytale: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse
whopper: a gross untruth; a blatant lie
fabrication: a deliberately false or improbable account
misrepresentation: a misleading falsehood
facade: a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant
exaggeration: making to seem more important than it really is
pretense: pretending with intention to deceive
bluff: pretense that your position is stronger than it really is his bluff succeeded in getting him accepted
pretext: something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason
hypocrisy: an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction
crocodile tears: a hypocritical display of sorrow; false or insincere weeping the secretaries wept crocodile tears over the manager's dilemma politicians shed crocodile tears over the plight of the unemployed
subterfuge: something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity he wasn't sick--it was just a subterfuge the holding company was just a blind
trickery: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way
fraudulence: a fraudulent or duplicitous representation
evasion: a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth
circumlocution: an indirect way of expressing something
hedge: an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement when you say `maybe' you are just hedging
quibble: an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections
fine print: the part of a contract that contains reservations and qualifications that are often printed in small type don't sign a contract without reading the fine print
reservation: a statement that limits or restricts some claim he recommended her without any reservations
comment: a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
midrash: (Judaism) an ancient commentary on part of the Hebrew scriptures that is based on Jewish methods of interpretation and attached to the biblical text
note: a comment or instruction (usually added) his notes were appended at the end of the article he added a short notation to the address on the envelope
citation: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage the student's essay failed to list several important citations the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book the article includes mention of similar clinical cases
footnote: a printed note placed below the text on a printed page
nota bene: a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something the margins of his book were generously supplied with pencilled NBs
postscript: a note appended to a letter after the signature
cross-reference: a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work
remark: a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account
gambit: an opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker
fatwah: (Islam) a legal opinion or ruling issued by an Islamic scholar bin Laden issued three fatwahs calling upon Muslims to take up arms against the United States
obiter dictum: an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding
obiter dictum: an incidental remark
mention: a remark that calls attention to something or someone she made frequent mention of her promotion there was no mention of it the speaker made several references to his wife
retrospection: reference to things past the story begins with no introductory retrospections
name-dropping: the practice of casually mentioning important people in order to impress your listener the hard thing about name-dropping is to avoid being too obvious about it
observation: a remark expressing careful consideration
parkinson's law: C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that the number of subordinates in an organization will increase linearly regardless of the amount of work to be done
parkinson's law: C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that work will expand so as to fill the time available for its completion
wisecrack: witty remark
shot: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect his parting shot was `drop dead' she threw shafts of sarcasm she takes a dig at me every chance she gets
conversation stopper: a remark to which there is no polite conversational reply
rhetorical question: a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered he liked to make his points with rhetorical questions
demythologization: the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms
mythologization: the restatement of a message as a myth
error: part of a statement that is not correct the book was full of errors
misprint: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind
malapropism: the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar
agreement: the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business there was an understanding between management and the workers
condition: (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement the contract set out the conditions of the lease the terms of the treaty were generous
bargain: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each he made a bargain with the devil he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
covenant: a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action
entente: a friendly understanding between political powers
treaty: a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
peace: a treaty to cease hostilities peace came on November 11th
peace of westphalia: the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648
chemical weapons convention: a global treaty banning the production or acquisition or stockpiling or transfer or use of chemical weapons
geneva convention: an agreement first drawn up in Geneva in 1864 and later revised concerning the treatment of captured and wounded military personnel and civilians in wartime
lateran treaty: the agreement signed in the Lateran Palace in 1929 by Italy and the Holy See which recognized the Vatican City as a sovereign and independent papal state
north atlantic treaty: the treaty signed in 1949 by 12 countries that established NATO
salt i: the first treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
salt ii: the second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
treaty of versailles: the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
treacle: writing or music that is excessively sweet and sentimental
wit: a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
bon mot: a clever remark
pungency: wit having a sharp and caustic quality he commented with typical pungency the bite of satire
sarcasm: witty language used to convey insults or scorn; ; ; --Jonathan Swift he used sarcasm to upset his opponent irony is wasted on the stupid Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own
banter: light teasing repartee
joke: a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter he told a very funny joke he knows a million gags thanks for the laugh he laughed unpleasantly at his own jest even a schoolboy's jape is supposed to have some ascertainable point
punch line: the point of a joke or humorous story
belly laugh: a joke that seems extremely funny
dirty joke: an indelicate joke
funny story: an account of an amusing incident (usually with a punch line) she told a funny story she made a funny
sight gag: a joke whose effect is achieved by visual means rather than by speech (as in a movie)
caricature: a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect
parody: a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way
cartoon: a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine
fun: verbal wit or mockery (often at another's expense but not to be taken seriously) he became a figure of fun he said it in sport
jocosity: fun characterized by humor
waggery: waggish behavior
drollery: a comic incident or series of incidents
pun: a humorous play on words I do it for the pun of it his constant punning irritated her
opinion: a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
guess: a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
side: an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute there are two sides to every question
approximation: an imprecise or incomplete account newspapers gave only an approximation of the actual events
estimate: a statement indicating the likely cost of some job he got an estimate from the car repair shop
question: the subject matter at issue the question of disease merits serious discussion under the head of minor Roman poets
problem: a question raised for consideration or solution our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
question of fact: a disputed factual contention that is generally left for a jury to decide
question of law: a disputed legal contention that is generally left for a judge to decide
puzzle: a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution he loved to solve chessmate puzzles that's a real puzzler
case: a problem requiring investigation Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
riddle: a difficult problem
poser: a particularly difficult or baffling question or problem
gordian knot: any very difficult problem; insoluble in its own terms
crossword puzzle: a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle
word square: a puzzle where you fill a square grid with words reading the same down as across
direction: a message describing how something is to be done he gave directions faster than she could follow them
address: written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location
standard generalized markup language: (computer science) a standardized language for the descriptive markup of documents; a set of rules for using whatever markup vocabulary is adopted
hypertext markup language: a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents
toponymy: the nomenclature of regional anatomy
prescription: directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions I tried to follow her prescription for success
recipe: directions for making something
rule: directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted he knew the rules of chess
religious doctrine: the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
dogma: a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
ecumenism: (Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity
immaculate conception: (Christianity) the Roman Catholic dogma that God preserved the Virgin Mary from any stain of original sin from the moment she was conceived
incarnation: (Christianity) the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
nicene creed: (Christianity) a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
signal: any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message signals from the boat suddenly stopped
starting signal: a signal to begin (as in a race) the starting signal was a green light the runners awaited the start
radio beam: a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather
tickler: a file of memoranda or notices that remind of things to be done
sign: a public display of a message he posted signs in all the shop windows
poster: a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement a poster advertised the coming attractions
show bill: a poster advertising a show or play
flash card: a card with words or numbers or pictures that is flashed to a class by the teacher
signpost: a post bearing a sign that gives directions or shows the way
fingerpost: a guidepost resembling a hand with a pointing index finger
mark: a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
demerit: a mark against a person for misconduct or failure; usually given in school or armed forces ten demerits and he loses his privileges
bar sinister: a mark of bastardy; lines from top right to bottom left
cloven hoof: the mark of Satan
token: an individual instance of a type of symbol the word`error' contains three tokens of `r'
type: all of the tokens of the same symbol the word `element' contains five different types of character
postage: a small adhesive token stuck on a letter or package to indicate that that postal fees have been paid
birdcall: the characteristic sound produced by a bird a bird will not learn its song unless it hears it at an early age
two-note call: a birdcall having two notes the two-note call of the cuckoo
indication: something that serves to indicate or suggest an indication of foul play indications of strain symptoms are the prime indicants of disease
indication: (medicine) a reason to prescribe a drug or perform a procedure the presence of bacterial infection was an indication for the use of antibiotics
signalization: a conspicuous indication
manifestation: a manifest indication of the existence or presence or nature of some person or thing a manifestation of disease
mark: a visible indication made on a surface some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks paw prints were everywhere
stroke: a mark made on a surface by a pen, pencil, or paintbrush she applied the paint in careful strokes
hoofprint: a visible impression on a surface made by the hoof of an animal
line: a mark that is long relative to its width He drew a line on the chart
dotted line: a line made up of dots or dashes; often used to indicate where you are supposed to sign a contract just sign on the dotted line
squiggle: a short twisting line
underscore: a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)
contour: a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height
isometric line: a line connecting isometric points
graduation: a line (as on a vessel or ruler) that marks a measurement the ruler had 16 graduations per inch
glimpse: a vague indication he caught only a glimpse of the professor's meaning
harbinger: something that precedes and indicates the approach of something or someone
hint: a slight indication
smoke: an indication of some hidden activity with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere
alarm: an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger
burglar alarm: a loud warning signal produced by a burglar alarm they could hear the burglar alarm a mile away
distress signal: an internationally recognized signal sent out by a ship or plane indicating that help is needed
sos: an internationally recognized distress signal in radio code
mayday: an internationally recognized distress signal via radiotelephone (from the French m'aider)
taps: (military) signal to turn the lights out
reveille: (military) signal to wake up
tattle: disclosing information or giving evidence about another
telegraphic signal: a signal transmitted by telegraphy
dot: the shorter of the two telegraphic signals used in Morse code
dash: the longer of the two telegraphic signals used in Morse code
whistle: the act of signalling (e.g., summoning) by whistling or blowing a whistle the whistle signalled the end of the game
high sign: a silent signal of warning or recognition she started to speak but he gave her the high sign
nose: a symbol of inquisitiveness keep your nose out of it
numeral: a symbol used to represent a number he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
arabic numeral: one of the symbols 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0
roman numeral: a symbol in the old Roman notation; I,V,X,L,C,D,M represent 1,5,10,50,100,500,1000 respectively in Arabic notation
horn of plenty: a goat's horn filled with grain and flowers and fruit symbolizing prosperity
notation: a technical system of symbols used to represent special things
numeration system: any notation for the representation of numbers
positional notation: a numeration system in which a real number is represented by an ordered set of characters where the value of a character depends on its position
pound: a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain)
binary numeration system: a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits and a radix of two
octal numeration system: a positional system of numeration that uses octal digits and a radix of eight
decimal numeration system: a positional system of numeration that uses decimal digits and a base of ten
duodecimal number system: a positional system of numeration that uses duodecimal digits and a radix of twelve
hexadecimal notation: any notation that uses 16 different characters
hexadecimal number system: a positional system of numeration that uses hexadecimal digits and a radix of sixteen
sign: a character indicating a relation between quantities don't forget the minus sign
decimal point: the dot at the left of a decimal fraction
exponent: a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
logarithm: the exponent required to produce a given number
antilogarithm: the number of which a given number is the logarithm
natural logarithm: a logarithm to the base e
mantissa: the positive fractional part of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the mantissa is .808
fixed-point notation: a radix numeration system in which the location of the decimal point is fixed by convention