AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
landscape: an extensive mental viewpoint the political landscape looks bleak without a change of administration we changed the landscape for solving the problem of payroll inequity
paradigm: the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm
point of view: a mental position from which things are viewed we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events
light: a particular perspective or aspect of a situation although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand
sight: a range of mental vision in his sight she could do no wrong
slant: a biased way of looking at or presenting something
complexion: a point of view or general attitude or inclination he altered the complexion of his times a liberal political complexion
weltanschauung: a comprehensive view of the world and human life
conformity: orthodoxy in thoughts and belief
unorthodoxy: any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position
nonconformity: a lack of orthodoxy in thoughts or beliefs
political orientation: an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
absolutism: the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
machiavellianism: the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
centrism: a political philosophy of avoiding the extremes of left and right by taking a moderate position or course of action
castroism: a form of communism developed in Cuba by Fidel Castro
leninism: the political and economic theories of Lenin which provided the guiding doctrine of the Soviet Union; the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressed that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism (which shifts the struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries)
maoism: a form of communism developed in China by Mao Zedong
marxism: the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism
trotskyism: the form of communism advocated by Leon Trotsky; calls for immediate worldwide revolution by the proletariat
conservatism: a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
reaction: extreme conservatism in political or social matters the forces of reaction carried the election
negritude: an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms; an affirmation of the African cultural heritage
orleanism: the political philosophy of the Orleanists
jacobinism: the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
fabianism: socialism to be established by gradual reforms within the law
utopianism: the political orientation of a Utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes of social perfection
warmongering: a policy of advocating war
agnosticism: a religious orientation of doubt; a denial of ultimate knowledge of the existence of God agnosticism holds that you can neither prove nor disprove God's existence
docetism: the heretical doctrine (associated with the Gnostics) that Jesus had no human body and his sufferings and death on the cross were apparent rather than real
gnosticism: a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
mandaeanism: a Gnostic religion originating the 2nd and 3rd centuries that believes John the Baptist was the Messiah and that incorporates Jewish and Christian elements into a framework of dualistic beliefs
atheism: the doctrine or belief that there is no God
deism: the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
paganism: any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
obeah: a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
rastafarianism: a religious cult based on a belief that Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie) is the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
christianity: a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
adventism: any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
seventh-day adventism: Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
catholicism: the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
anti-catholicism: a religious orientation opposed to Catholicism
romanism: the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
albigensianism: a Christian movement considered to be a medieval descendant of Manichaeism in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries; characterized by dualism (asserted the coexistence of two mutually opposed principles, one good and one evil); was exterminated for heresy during the Inquisition
donatism: a schismatic Christian religion in northern Africa from the 4th to the 7th century; held that only those who led a blameless life belonged in the church or could administer the sacraments
eastern catholicism: the beliefs and practices of any of the eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople or Antioch or Alexandria or Moscow or Jerusalem
protestantism: the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
anglicanism: the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
anglo-catholicism: a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
tractarianism: principles of the founders of the Oxford movement as expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times'
arminianism: 17th century theology (named after its founder Jacobus Arminius) that opposes the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin and holds that human free will is compatible with God's sovereignty
calvinism: the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
christian science: religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
lutheranism: teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
unitarianism: Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
trinitarianism: Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
congregationalism: system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
mennonitism: system of beliefs and practices including belief in scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
methodism: the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
wesleyanism: evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
anabaptism: a Protestant movement in the 16th century that believed in the primacy of the Bible, baptised only believers, not infants, and believed in complete separation of church and state
baptistic doctrine: any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
mormonism: the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
presbyterianism: the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
puritanism: the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
judaism: the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
orthodox judaism: beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic law
hasidism: beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
chabad: a form of Hasidism practiced by Lithuanian and Russian Jews under communist rule; the beliefs and practices of the Lubavitch movement
conservative judaism: beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
reform judaism: beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
islam: the monotheistic religious system of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran Islam is a complete way of life, not a Sunday religion the term Muhammadanism is offensive to Muslims who believe that Allah, not Muhammad, founded their religion
mahdism: belief in the appearance of the Mahdi; devotion to a Mahdi
salafism: a militant group of extremist Sunnis who believe themselves the only correct interpreters of the Koran and consider moderate Muslims to be infidels; seek to convert all Muslims and to insure that its own fundamentalist version of Islam will dominate the world
shiism: the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
ismailism: the branch of Shiism noted for its esoteric philosophy
wahhabism: a conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia Osama bin Laden and his followers practice Wahhabism
hinduism: a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and based on a caste system; it is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils
brahmanism: the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
darsana: (from the Sanskrit word for `to see') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints on the nature of reality and the release from bondage to karma
mimamsa: (from the Sanskrit word for `reflection' or `interpretation') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints on ritual traditions rooted in the Vedas and the Brahmanas as opposed to Vedanta which relies mostly on the Upanishads
vedanta: (from the Sanskrit for `end of the Veda') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints rooted in the Upanishads as opposed to Mimamsa which relies on the Vedas and Brahmanas
krishnaism: worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
shivaism: worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
shaktism: worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
vaishnavism: worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
jainism: religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
sikhism: the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
buddhism: the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
mahayana: one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; the dominant religion of China and Tibet and Japan
theravada: one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through your own efforts; a conservative form of Buddhism that adheres to Pali scriptures and the non-theistic ideal of self purification to nirvana; the dominant religion of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand and Laos and Cambodia
hinayana: an offensive name for the early conservative Theravada Buddhism; it died out in India but survived in Sri Lanka and was taken from there to other regions of southwestern Asia
lamaism: a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism
zen: a Buddhist doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
shingon: a form of Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
tantra: doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
yogacara: one of the main traditions of Mahayana Buddhism; holds that the mind is real but that objects are just ideas or states of consciousness
tao: the ultimate principle of the universe
taoism: popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
shinto: the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma; characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors
manichaeism: a religion founded by Manes in the third century; a synthesis of Zoroastrian dualism between light and dark and Babylonian folklore and Buddhist ethics and superficial elements of Christianity; spread widely in the Roman Empire but had largely died out by 1000
mithraism: ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
zoroastrianism: system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
parsiism: the faith of a Zoroastrian sect in India
bahaism: a religion founded in Iran in 1863; emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind; incorporates Christian and Islamic tenets; many adherents live in the United States Bahaism has no public rituals or sacraments and praying is done in private
shamanism: an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
vedism: the form of Hinduism that revolves primarily around the mythic version and ritual ideologies in the Vedas
wicca: the polytheistic nature religion of modern witchcraft whose central deity is a mother goddess; claims origins in pre-Christian pagan religions of western Europe
voodoo: a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
level: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth a good actor communicates on several levels a simile has at least two layers of meaning the mind functions on many strata simultaneously
restraint: a rule or condition that limits freedom legal restraints restraints imposed on imports
floodgate: something that restrains a flood or outpouring suspension of surveillance opened the floodgates to illegal immigrants
protology: the study of origins and first things To Christians, protology refers to God's fundamental purpose for humanity
closure: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric
common fate: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
good continuation: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction
proximity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit
similarity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) parts of a stimulus field that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together as a unit
wrinkle: a minor difficulty they finally have the wrinkles pretty well ironed out
zurvanism: a heretical Zoroastrian doctrine holding that Zurvan was the ultimate source of the universe and that both Ahura Mazda and Ahriman were Zurvan's offspring
communication: the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information they could not act without official communication from Moscow
intercommunication: mutual communication; communication with each other they intercepted intercommunication between enemy ships
conveyance: the transmission of information
dissemination: the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate
propagation: the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions
message: a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled he sent a three-word message
cipher: a message written in a secret code
ether: a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves
vehicle: a medium for the expression or achievement of something his editorials provided a vehicle for his political views a congregation is a vehicle of group identity the play was just a vehicle to display her talents
air: medium for radio and television broadcasting the program was on the air from 9 til midnight the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people
paper: a medium for written communication the notion of an office running without paper is absurd
sheet: paper used for writing or printing
leaf: a sheet of any written or printed material (especially in a manuscript or book)
full page: something that covers an entire page the ad took up a full page
half title: a first page of some books displaying only the title of the book
spread: two facing pages of a book or other publication
center spread: the spread at the center of a magazine
centerfold: a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature
foldout: an oversize page that is folded in to a book or magazine
pagination: the system of numbering pages
stationery: paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes
post-it: brand name for a slip of notepaper that has an adhesive that allows it to stick to a surface and be removed without damaging the surface
channel: a path over which electrical signals can pass a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company
channel: (often plural) a means of communication or access it must go through official channels lines of communication were set up between the two firms
frequency band: a band of adjacent radio frequencies (e.g., assigned for transmitting radio or television signals)
back channel: an alternative to the regular channels of communication that is used when agreements must be made secretly (especially in diplomacy or government) they negotiated via a back channel
lens: (metaphor) a channel through which something can be seen or understood the writer is the lens through which history can be seen
liaison: a channel for communication between groups he provided a liaison with the guerrillas
channels: official routes of communication you have to go through channels
medium: (usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public
multimedia: transmission that combine media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.)
hypermedia: a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together
hypertext: machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected; --Ted Nelson Let me introduce the word hypertext to mean a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in such a complex way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented on paper
film: a medium that disseminates moving pictures theater pieces transferred to celluloid this story would be good cinema film coverage of sporting events
press: the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines
storage medium: a medium for storing information
magnetic storage medium: any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information the hard disk in you computer is magnetic storage
broadcast medium: a medium that disseminates via telecommunications
mail: the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office the mail handles billions of items every day he works for the United States mail service in England they call mail `the post'
airmail: a system of conveying mail by aircraft
snail mail: any mail that is physically delivered by the postal service email is much faster than snail mail
rural free delivery: free government delivery of mail in outlying country areas
first class: mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection
express: mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system
journalism: newspapers and magazines collectively
fleet street: British journalism
newspaper: a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements he read his newspaper at breakfast
school newspaper: a newspaper written and published by students in a school
tabloid: newspaper with half-size pages
yellow journalism: sensationalist journalism
column: a page or text that is vertically divided the newspaper devoted several columns to the subject the bookkeeper used pages that were divided into columns
column: an article giving opinions or perspectives
feature: a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine they ran a feature on retirement planning
news article: an article reporting news
piece: an artistic or literary composition he wrote an interesting piece on Iran the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
offprint: a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication
paper: a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses he has written many scientific papers
reissue: a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale
article of faith: (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
lead: the introductory section of a story it was an amusing lead-in to a very serious matter
lead: a news story of major importance
samizdat: a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature
telecommunication: (often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically
telephone: transmitting speech at a distance
voice mail: a computerized system for answering and routing telephone calls; telephone messages can be recorded and stored and relayed
call: a telephone connection she reported several anonymous calls he placed a phone call to London he heard the phone ringing but didn't want to take the call
long distance: a telephone call made outside the local calling area I talked to her by long distance
wake-up call: a telephone call that you request be made a specific time in order to wake you up at that time (especially in hotels) she left a wake-up call for 7 a.m.
cable: a telegram sent abroad
radiotelegraph: telegraphy that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire
third-class mail: mail consisting of printed matter qualifying for reduced postal rates
phone message: a message transmitted by telephone
radiotelephone: telephony that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire
rediffusion: a system for distributing radio or tv programs
radio: medium for communication
television: broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; ;  - Ernie Kovacs she is a star of screen and video Television is a medium because it is neither rare nor well done
video: the visible part of a television transmission they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone
audio: the audible part of a transmitted signal they always raise the audio for commercials
cable television: television that is transmitted over cable directly to the receiver
high-definition television: a television system that has more than the usual number of lines per frame so its pictures show more detail