AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-256d huggingface dataset:
palate: the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities
ala: a flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism the alae of the nose the alae of a maple seed the flat petals of a pea blossom are alae
alveolar ridge: a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
caul: the inner membrane of embryos in higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)
eye: the organ of sight
naked eye: the eye unaided by any optical instrument that alters the power of vision or alters the apparent size or distance of objects it is not safe to look directly at the sun with the naked eye
oculus dexter: the right eye
oculus sinister: the left eye
simple eye: an eye having a single lens
cell membrane: a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell all cells have a cell membrane
choroid: a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye
ciliary body: the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris the ciliary body produces aqueous humor
eyebrow: the arch of hair above each eye
eyelid: either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye his lids would stay open no longer
epicanthus: a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; normal for Mongolian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome
nictitating membrane: a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
eyelash: any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids
bulbar conjunctiva: the part of the conjunctiva covering the anterior face of the sclera and the surface epithelium of the cornea
palpebra conjunctiva: the part of the conjunctiva lining the posterior surface of the eyelids; continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva
eyeball: the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye
ocular muscle: one of the small muscles of the eye that serve to rotate the eyeball
abducens muscle: the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball outward
inferior rectus muscle: the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and medially
medial rectus muscle: the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball medially
superior rectus muscle: the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball upward and medially
arcus: a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea
aqueous humor: the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens
vitreous humor: the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball
diaphragm: (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
eardrum: the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
hyaloid membrane: the transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina
lens: biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; its role (along with the cornea) is to focuses light on the retina
lens cortex: the tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus
lens nucleus: the central structure of the lens that is surrounded by the cortex
inner ear: a complex system of interconnecting cavities; concerned with hearing and equilibrium
bony labyrinth: cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the membranous labyrinth
utricle: a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open
saccule: a small sac or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth)
organ of corti: the hearing organ of the inner ear; contains receptors that respond to sound waves
vestibular apparatus: organs mediating the labyrinthine sense; concerned with equilibrium
earlobe: the fleshy pendulous part of the external human ear
external ear: the part of the ear visible externally
auricle: the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear
middle ear: the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear
eustachian tube: either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
fenestra ovalis: fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
fenestra rotunda: fenestra leading into the cochlea
malleus: the ossicle attached to the eardrum
incus: the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
stapes: the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
meninx: a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord
mucous membrane: mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
gland: any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream
sebaceous gland: a cutaneous gland that secretes sebum (usually into a hair follicle) for lubricating hair and skin
meibomian gland: a long sebaceous gland that lubricates the eyelids bacterial infection of a Meibomian gland produces a stye
montgomery's tubercle: one of the sebaceous glands on the areolae of the breast that lubricate the breast during breast-feeding
exocrine gland: a gland that secretes externally through a duct
digestive system: the system that makes food absorbable into the body
endocrine gland: any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
thyroid gland: located near the base of the neck
parathyroid gland: any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland
sweat gland: any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration
adrenal gland: either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney
prostate gland: a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen
lacrimal gland: any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears
lacrimal duct: any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
lacrimal sac: either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
thymus gland: a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age
kidney: either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder
excretory organ: an organ that separates waste substances from the blood and discharges them
spleen: a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
artery: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
alveolar artery: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
inferior alveolar artery: the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth
superior alveolar artery: the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth
angular artery: the terminal branch of the facial artery
appendicular artery: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix
arcuate artery: curved artery in the foot
arteriole: one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries
artery of the penis bulb: a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis
artery of the vestibule bulb: a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule
ascending artery: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon
auricular artery: artery that supplies blood to the ear
axillary artery: the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below
basilar artery: an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear
brachial artery: the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow
radial artery: branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm
buccal artery: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek
carotid artery: either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta
common carotid artery: runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries
external carotid artery: the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head
celiac trunk: an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery
central artery of the retina: a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve
cerebellar artery: an artery that supplies the cerebellum
cerebral artery: any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex
cervical artery: an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck
choroidal artery: an artery that supplies the choroid plexus
ciliary artery: one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye
circle of willis: a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
circumflex artery of the thigh: an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles
circumflex humeral artery: an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles
circumflex iliac artery: an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle
circumflex scapular artery: an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area
colic artery: arteries that supply blood to the colon
communicating artery: any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
coronary artery: the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart
cystic artery: a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver
digital arteries: arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes
epigastric artery: one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen
ethmoidal artery: a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule
facial artery: an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face
femoral artery: the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery
popliteal artery: a continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet
gastric artery: the arteries that supply the walls of the stomach
right gastric artery: a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature
left gastric artery: a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus
short gastric artery: several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach
gluteal artery: branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region
hepatic artery: arteries that supply the liver
ileal artery: branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum
ileocolic artery: an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon
iliac artery: one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs
internal iliac artery: the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas
iliolumbar artery: an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones
infraorbital artery: an artery that originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)
intercostal artery: several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
jejunal artery: an artery that is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum
labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth
inferior labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip
superior labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip
labyrinthine artery: an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth
lacrimal artery: an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead
laryngeal artery: either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx
lienal artery: an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen
lingual artery: an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
lumbar artery: one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall
maxillary artery: either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face
meningeal artery: any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures
mesenteric artery: one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines
metacarpal artery: dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand
metatarsal artery: dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot
musculophrenic artery: an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles
nutrient artery: an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone
ophthalmic artery: a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures
ovarian artery: the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries
palatine artery: one of several arteries supplying the face
pancreatic artery: a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas
perineal artery: a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum
pudendal artery: arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans
pulmonary artery: one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary trunk: the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries
rectal artery: one of the arteries supplying the rectal area
renal artery: an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
subclavian artery: either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms
anterior temporal artery: temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
intermediate temporal artery: temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
posterior temporal artery: temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe
testicular artery: a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles
ulnar artery: large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand
uterine artery: a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina
vaginal artery: a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum
vertebral artery: the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts
accessory cephalic vein: a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow
accessory hemiazygos vein: a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein
accessory vertebral vein: a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein
accompanying vein: a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return
anastomotic vein: either of two communicating veins serving the brain
angular vein: a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein
anterior vertebral vein: a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein
appendicular vein: a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein
arcuate vein of the kidney: veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules
auricular vein: one of two veins serving the ear region
axillary vein: a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein
azygos vein: one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava
basal vein: a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein
basilic vein: a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein
basivertebral vein: one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
brachial vein: two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein
brachiocephalic vein: veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
bronchial vein: veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein
central veins of liver: terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids
central vein of retina: vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve
central vein of suprarenal gland: a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein
cephalic vein: a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein
cerebellar vein: the veins draining the cerebellum
cerebral vein: any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
anterior cerebral vein: accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein
anterior facial vein: a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein
great cerebral vein: a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus
inferior cerebral vein: veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses
internal cerebral vein: two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein
middle cerebral vein: either of two cerebral veins
superior cerebral vein: a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus
cervical vein: a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name
choroid vein: either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye
ciliary veins: small veins coming from the ciliary body
circumflex vein: any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name
circumflex iliac vein: accompanies the artery of the same name
circumflex femoral vein: either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh
clitoral vein: veins that serve the clitoris
colic vein: vein serving the large intestine
conjunctival veins: veins draining the conjunctiva
cutaneous vein: one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins
cystic vein: vein that drains the gallbladder
digital vein: one of the veins serving the fingers or toes
diploic vein: one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones
dorsal scapular vein: vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery
dorsal root: one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally to the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers
emissary vein: one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull
inferior epigastric vein: empties into the external iliac vein
superficial epigastric vein: empties into the great saphenous vein
superior epigastric veins: veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery
episcleral veins: small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins
esophageal veins: small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins
ethmoidal vein: veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein
external nasal vein: one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein
facial vein: any of several veins draining the face
femoral vein: a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein
gastric vein: one of several veins draining the stomach walls
gastroomental vein: one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach
genicular vein: veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein
gluteal vein: veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body
hemizygos vein: a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein
hemorrhoidal vein: any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum
hepatic vein: a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava
hypogastric vein: a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
ileocolic vein: a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon
iliac vein: one of three veins draining the pelvic area
iliolumbar vein: a branch of the internal iliac vein
intercapitular vein: veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot
intercostal vein: several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
intervertebral vein: one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves
jugular vein: veins in the neck that return blood from the head
labial vein: a vein draining the lips of the mouth
inferior labial vein: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip
superior labial vein: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip
labial vein: veins draining the lips of the vulva
labyrinthine vein: veins that drain the inner ear
lacrimal vein: drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein
laryngeal vein: one of two veins draining the larynx
left gastric vein: arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein
lingual vein: a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein
lumbar vein: veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses
maxillary vein: posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein
meningeal veins: veins at accompany the meningeal arteries
mesenteric vein: a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery
metacarpal vein: dorsal and palmar veins of the hand
metatarsal vein: dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot
musculophrenic vein: veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen
nasofrontal vein: a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein