Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Masters Tournament is one of four major championships in men's professional golf and the first of the four to be played each year. The final round of the Masters is always scheduled for the second Sunday in April. Unlike the other major championships, the Masters is held every year at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private golf club in the city of Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Winners

Other websites 
 Official website

Golf tournaments
Sports in the United States
Augusta, Georgia
The NFL Europa was a European American football league that ran from 1991 to 2007 under the control of the National Football League. It started off as the World League of American Football and had 3 teams in Europe, 6 in the USA and one in Canada. After 2 years the league was put on hold, so there were no 1993 or 1994 seasons. The league came back in 1995 as a purely European league, with the 3 original European teams plus 3 new ones. In 1998 the name of the league was changed to NFL Europe and then in 2007 it became NFL Europa. After the 2007 season, the NFL ceased operations of the league. This was a developmental league of the NFL. The Berlin Thunder were the league's best team, winning 42 games and 3 World Bowls

Past World Bowl Games 

Note: Roman Numerals were not officially used by NFL Europa until World Bowl IX. Prior to 2001, the games were billed as World Bowl 2000, World Bowl '99 etc.

National Football League
The Ennead was the grouping of nine deities, most often appearing in Egyptian mythology. As a three of threes, the number nine became associated with great power. The ancient peoples thought that groupings of nine gods were very important.

Egyptian mythology
Heliopolis was one of the oldest cities of Egypt. Its name also refers (in European languages) to a modern suburb of Cairo. The ancient city stood five miles east of the Nile north of the apex of the river delta. The modern city of Heliopolis is in a different place. In ancient times it was the main city of sun-worship.

This was also where the Heliopolitan version of Egyptian mythology was created. 

Ancient Egyptian cities
Akhenaten (first known as Amenhotep IV) was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. His reign is dated as 1353–1336 BC or 1351–1334 BC.

Akhenaten is one of Egypt's most well-known pharaohs.
In the fifth year of his reign, he changed his name from Amenhotep IV, meaning "Amun is satisfied". He did this because he left Egypt's traditional polytheism. He founded a monotheistic worship of the Egyptian sun god, Aten. He destroyed the temples of Amun. His new religion was called Atenism. It was the first known attempt at monotheism in the world. Naturally, this made enemies of the many priests of the old religion.
This culture shift away from traditional religion was not widely accepted. This helps to explain why after his death, his monuments were dismantled, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, notably under his close successor Tutankhamun, who changed his name from Tutankhaten early in his reign. However, it was Horemheb who destroyed all the works of Akhenaten.

Akhenaten was all but lost to history until the late 19th century discovery of Amarna, the new capital city he built for the worship of Aten. 
Its rediscovery and Flinders Petrie's early excavations sparked great public interest in the pharaoh and his queen Nefertiti. The interest comes from his connection with Tutankhamun, the unique style and high quality of the pictorial arts he patronized, and interest in the religion he attempted to establish.

References 

2nd-millennium BC pharaohs
Religious leaders
Bartonella rochalimae is a recently discovered strain of gram-negative bacteria. It is a member of the Bartonella genus. The bacteria was found by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also helped with the discovery.

The bacterium was first found in a 43-year-old American woman. She was in Peru when she became very sick. She had a high fever, anemia and insomnia.  The illness was thought to be Bartonella bacilliformis, a similar bacteria that causes Oroya fever. The scientists later discovered that a new species of bacteria had caused the illness. They gave the patient some antibiotics. Her condition later improved. 

The findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine on June 7, 2007.

Gram-negative bacteria
A tipi (also called tepee or teepee) is a kind of tent. It is cone-shaped. They were made by Native Americans of the Great Plains who frequently moved from place to place, following buffalo or other animals Native Americans hunted.

Tipis are made from long poles, and are covered with material. Long ago the material was animal skin or tree bark. Today, they are made from cloth.

Tepees were put up in as a circle, which symbolized the life.

Tepees are no longer usually used for a full-time home, but they are still used for special occasions.

Tepees were used by the Lakota.

The Plains Indians would sometimes paint and mark their tepees, and put signs to mark off evil.

They usually made the cover from buffalo skin (tanned hide).

Teepees had a flap that could be open and closed as necessary during the summer and winter months

They generally had an 'ears' flap.

The doorway would face towards the rising sun.

Tipis would contain paintings.

Other websites

Native Americans
Karen Anne Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983) was an American singer and drummer who was most popular in the 70s. She is known as the singer of the group the Carpenters.

Karen had anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder of extreme weight loss dieting. This was a little-known illness at the time. Although she had begun recovery with a doctor-supervised program and regained 30 lbs (14 kg), permanent damage to her body had been sustained from the years of extreme weight-loss dieting and she died at the age of 32. The cause of her death was heart failure, from complications related to her illness which caused her to believe mistakenly that she needed to lose weight.
Early life
Karen Carpenter was born at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut on March 2, 1950 to Agnes Reuwer Tatum and Harold Bertram Carpenter. She played baseball a lot, and said that she liked being the pitcher. She had a brother, named Richard Carpenter. While Karen played baseball with her friends, Richard usually played the piano. Her parents, Agnes and Harold Carpenter, decided that they wanted to move to Downey, California, a city near Hollywood. They moved in 1963.
Her brother formed the Richard Carpenter Trio in 1965. Karen played the drums. Richard played the piano, and a friend named Wes Jacobs played the electric bass. They played jazz music at clubs in Hollywood. They entered the Battle of the Bands contest at the Hollywood Bowl in 1966. The Richard Carpenter Trio played "The Girl From Ipanema" and "Iced Tea," a song composed by Richard Carpenter. They won the Battle of the Bands that year. Afterwards, they signed with RCA Records, but the RCA thought their music would not sell, so RCA let them go. The Richard Carpenter Trio made one last TV appearance on "Your All American College Show" in 1968, where they played "Dancing in the Street." Karen had a great drum solo. They won the "Your All American College Show" contest, too.

In 1967, Richard and Karen formed another group called Spectrum. Spectrum focused on making big harmonies, and the public did not like their music. Both the Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum disbanded in 1968.
Career
After five years of going nowhere, Richard and Karen Carpenter wanted to sign with a record label, but were constantly rejected. Joe Osborn, a bass player, had recording studio and let Richard and Karen record demo tapes. They sent in those demo tapes to a man named Herb Alpert. Herb Alpert appreciated Richard and Karen's music, and agreed to sign the two to his record label, A&M Records.

In April 1969, Richard and Karen Carpenter signed to A&M Records as "Carpenters." They released their first album that year as well. It was called "Offering." It did not have any popular songs on there, except for a song called "Ticket to Ride." When they released it as a single, the public's reaction was somewhat less than great. Too many people were accustomed to the Beatles' version.
The next year, Herb Alpert recommended a song called "(They Long to Be) Close to You." After being given the music, Richard Carpenter worked on arranging it to invent their own sound. This song was their first major hit. It went to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Later that year, the Carpenters recorded another song, called "We've Only Just Begun." It was originally for a commercial for a bank called "Crocker Bank", but Richard saw potential in it. He again began working on the arrangement and the song was released. Ultimately, "We've Only Just Begun" released it as a single, went to #2 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Throughout their career, Karen and Richard continued to be successful and release great singles. All of them placed in the top 20 until 1977. In 1977, both singles released only peaked at #32 and #35. Their last top 20 released in 1981 "Touch Me When We're Dancing" peaked at #16. This was seen as a successful "come back" for the Carpenters however Karen would pass away just two years later.
Records
With the Carpenters, Karen Carpenter had a lot of records. Here is a list of them. The italicized words are the names of the records, and the things in the (parentheses) are the years that the records were released.
 Ticket to Ride (1969)
 Close to You (1970)
 Carpenters (1971)
 A Song for You (1972)
 Now & Then (1973)
 The Singles: 1969-1973 (1974)
 Horizon (1975)
 A Kind of Hush (1976)
 Passage (1977)
 Made in America (1981)
 Voice of the Heart (1983 - after Karen's death)

References

Other websites
 Richard and Karen Carpenter official website

1950 births
1983 deaths
American pop musicians
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from anorexia
American pop singers
Musicians from New Haven, Connecticut
Singers from Connecticut
Musicians from Downey, California
Singers from California
Luke the Evangelist is said to be the man who wrote the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Irenaeus, Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome say that he was a friend of Saint Paul and a doctor, and that he accompanied Paul on some of his travels. These people also say that he was of Greek origin, from Antioch in Syria.

Modern-day scholars think that the person that wrote the two books was not the same that accompanied Paul. Paul had a theology that was special, and slightly different from that of other writers of the New Testament. The two books written by Luke never refer to this theology. Also, the name of Paul's companion is never linked to writing the two books. The Acts of the Apostles often tell things about Paul which Paul does not tell himself in his letters. 

Luke wrote about the Three Wise Men who visited Jesus in the Bible.  Luke never said there were 3 wise men, only wise men from the east.

New Testament people
Walid Eido (in Arabic: وليد عيدو) (Beirut, 1942 - Beirut, June 13, 2007) was a Lebanese man who worked for the Lebanese Parliament, a government building in Beirut. He died with his son on June 13, 2007, with eight other people, when a bomb blew up just outside a famous amusement park. This was at the waterside of north Beirut.

His early life
Walid Eido was Sunni Muslim. He was born in the Bachoura area of Beirut. He finished his studies at the Lebanese University in 1966. In the late 1990s, he worked for the Lebanese law of north Lebanon, but, in the year 2000, he quit to go into political life with Mr. Rafic Hariri and to be in the Lebanese parliament. Later on, he worked for the Lebanese Parliament. He used to belong to Al-Murabitun militant group at the time of the Lebanese civil war, he left the Murabitun when this group starts to expand and take bad members in.
Personal life
Eido was married with three sons named Khaled, Zaher and Mazen. Eido was a good swimmer and the bomb exploded outside his favorite Beirut beach resort, Sporting Club.

1942 births
2007 deaths
Assassinated Lebanese people
Lebanese Muslims
Lebanese politicians
People from Beirut
is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is Toyama.

History 
The area of Toyama Prefecture comes from Etchū Province. 

The Itai-itai disease, whose origin is from polluted water with cadmium, occurred in Toyama around 1950.

Geography 
Toyama Prefecture is bordered by Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Niigata Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the southeast, Gifu Prefecture to the south and the Sea of Japan to the north.

The most famous mountain in Toyama is Mount Tate.

Toyama is known for its great mountains and rich fishery. ,  and mass product of tulip industry are also famous. 

Toyama is an industrial prefecture because companies like YKK and Sankyo Aluminum have been able to take advantage of cheap hydro-electricity generated by rivers flowing from its high mountains.

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 30% of the total land area of the prefecture, including
 Chūbu-Sangaku National Park
Shrines and Temples
Takase taisha, Keta jinja, and Oyama jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Kataller Toyama

References

Other websites 

 Toyama Prefecture website
Fouad Siniora (in Arabic: فؤاد السنيورة, Fu'ād As-Sanyūrah) was the Prime Minister of Lebanon. He served as Prime Minister since July 19, 2005, after Najib Mikati left office. His term ended on November 9, 2009. He was succeed by Saad Hariri. He was also acting president from November 2007 to May 2008.

His early life
Fouad Siniora is a Sunni Muslim, who was born in Sidon in 1943. He finished his studies at the American University of Beirut. Then, he worked for Citibank, and in the 1970s, he became a teacher at the American University of Beirut. Later, he worked for the Central Bank. In 1982, he started to work for the late Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri. He became part of Hariri's business. Siniora was Minister of Finance in Lebanon after the civil war ended.

1943 births
Living people
Lebanese Muslims
Government ministers
Presidents of Lebanon
Prime Ministers of Lebanon
Early life
Hassan Nasrallah was born in Bourj Hammoud, east Beirut. He was among ten children in his family. He went to Al Najah school, and then a public school in Sin el-Fil, Beirut. The civil war in 1975 caused his family to move to their old home in Bassouriyeh. There, he finished his secondary education at the public school in Tyre. He then joined the Amal Movement, a militant group that represents the Shi'a Muslims in Lebanon. He used to organize the local religious youth into a study group at the village’s Islamic library. Soon he was made the representative of Amal movement in his village at just the age of 15.

References

Other Websites
 Hasan Nasrallah from Al Jazeera

1960 births
Living people
Lebanese Muslims
Lebanese nationalists
Lebanese politicians
Lebanese terrorists
Sidon, or Saida (, Saydā; , , Zaydo'wn), is the third biggest city in Lebanon. It is in the southern part of Lebanon at the waterside of the Mediterranean Sea. The name "Sidon" means a fishery.

History 
Sidon was one of the most important cities of Phoenicia. From here, a great trading empire of the Mediterranean area was made. It was known for people who were good in making glass and purple cloth dyes. Glass making was a very important business in Sidon during in Phoenician times. People also made purple cloth dye.

Cities in Lebanon
Phoenicia
Ancient settlements
A chisel is a sharp and straight tool often used with a hammer to shape wood or other surfaces.  Chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood.  Construction workers use chisels to change the shape of wood and stone so that they can build with them.  Sometimes chisels are used to break things so that they can be moved more easily.

Cutting tools
Woodworking tools
Parallel could mean:

 Parallel (geometry), as in "parallel lines"
 Circle of latitude, an imaginary east-west line circling a globe, e.g. the 38th parallel
 Parallelism (grammar), a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses
 Parallel study, a type of clinical study
 Parallel circuits, as opposed to series 
 Parallel import, also known as a "grey market product"
 Parallel transport, in mathematics using vectors and smooth curves

In music:
 Parallel key, the minor (or major) key of a major (or minor) key with the same tonic
 Harmonic parallelism, also known as "harmonic planing" or "parallel voice leading"
 Parallel fifths, also known as "consecutive fifths", involve the concurrence of successive intervals of a perfect fifth between two voices in parallel motion -- a harmonization generally forbidden in modern musical theory

Other:
 Parallel (manga) (ぱられる) is a shōnen manga by Toshihiko Kobayashi
 Parallel 9, A British children's television show
Related pages
 Parallel computing
 Parallel evolution
 Parallel universe
 Parallel port

Basic English 850 words
Oak Park, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago. It is west of the city in the same county. About 54,000 people live there.  

Ernest Hemingway was born there. Betty White was born there too.  Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked there for a while.  Some of his most famous houses and buildings were built there.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical takes on the sports world, marriage, and the theatre.

Lardner was born in Niles, Michigan. He died of tuberculosis in East Hampton, New York.

His son Ring Lardner Jr was a screenwriter who was banned from Hollywood in the 1950s for his Communist beliefs. He later won an Academy Award for writing the film MASH.

American columnists
Deaths from tuberculosis
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Writers from Michigan
1885 births
1933 deaths
Björk was born Björk Guðmundsdóttir on 21 November 1965 in Reykjavík, Iceland. She is an Icelandic singer, songwriter, composer, actress, record producer and DJ.

Her career started with singing Tina Charles' 1976 hit song "I Love to Love" in a school recital, and a recording of her singing the song was sent to the RÚV radio station. The recording was nationally broadcast, after that, Björk was offered a recording contract. Her self-titled début album, Björk, was recorded and released in Iceland in December 1977. Before embarking on a solo career in 1993, Björk was the lead singer of alternative rock band The Sugarcubes, which is called as "Iceland's biggest rock band". Since then, she has received consistent critical praise for her innovative vocal and compositional approaches, musical experimentation, and art direction, and is recognized as one of the best singer-songwriters of her generation. Her albums reached the top 20 in the Billboard 200 chart.
Björk has won five BRIT Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, one MOJO Award, three UK Music Video Awards, 21 Icelandic Music Awards and, in 2010, the Polar Music Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in recognition of her "deeply personal music and lyrics, her precise arrangements and her unique voice". She has also been nominated for 14 Grammy Awards, one Academy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. She was included in Time Magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world. She won the Best Actress Award at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival for her performance in the movie Dancer in the Dark.

She has a son and a daughter, Sindri and Isadòra. She lives in New York City, but also owns a home in Reykjavík.

Björk was in the 2013 television documentary When Björk Met Attenborough with Sir David Attenborough.
Discography (albums by Björk) 
 Björk (1977) - Her first album, most songs are a mixture of covers translated into Icelandic.
 Gling-Gló (1990) - A jazz album where she sings mostly in Icelandic. The only album that was made by Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar.
 Debut (1993)
 Post (1995)
 Telegram (1996) - Remixes from Post.
 Homogenic (1997)
 Selmasongs (2000) - Soundtrack album of Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark.
 Vespertine (2001)
 Greatest Hits (2002) - Collection of the best tracks of Björk chosen by audience.
 Family Tree (2002) - Mini compact disc boxset of rare and unreleased works.
 Live Box (2003) - Collection of music from each album's live shows.
 Medúlla (2004)
 Drawing Restraint 9 (2005) - Music from her movie with her former husband Matthew Barney, Drawing Restraint 9.
 Surrounded (2006) - Dual Disc boxset of most of her old music, remastered in Surround Sound.
 Volta (2007)
 Biophilia (2011)
 Bastards (2012) - Remixes from Biophilia.
 Vulnicura (2015)
Vulnicura (2015)
 Vulnicura Strings (2015) - Acoustic, instrumental version of Vulnicura.
 Vulnicura Live (2016) - Live concert version of Vulnicura.
 Utopia (2017)
 Fossora (2022)
References

Other websites 

 

Björk
Brit Award winners
Icelandic movie actors
Rock musicians
Singer-songwriters
1965 births
Living people
People from Reykjavík
Trip hop musicians
Icelandic composers
21st-century composers
20th-century composers
Icelandic singers
This page indexes the individual years pages.

3rd millennium

21st century

2nd millennium

20th century

19th century

18th century

17th century

16th century

15th century

14th century

13th century

12th century

11th century

1st millennium

10th century

9th century

8th century

7th century

6th century

5th century

4th century

3rd century

2nd century

1st century

1st millennium BC

1st century BC

2nd century BC

3rd century BC

4th century BC

5th century BC

6th century BC

7th century BC

8th century BC
For these years and earlier, see List of decades.
A volumetric flask (vol flask for short) is a type of laboratory glassware. It is used to hold and measure accurate amounts of liquid.  It is shaped like a Florence flask, but has a flatter bottom.  A volumetric flask has a tall, narrow neck with a stopper that can be used to close the opening at the top.  There is a line on the neck to show how much to fill the flask.  Volumetric flasks are made in many sizes, from a few milliliters to liters.  They are often used to make liquid solutions. The neck is narrow to make measurements more exact when making a solution.  

Laboratory equipment
A Florence flask (also known as a boiling flask) is a type of flask. It is a piece of laboratory glassware. It can hold chemical solutions. The flask has a round body with a long neck. The flask usually come in volumes of 1 liter.

Laboratory equipment
The Motion Picture Association (MPA), originally called the Motion Picture Association of America, is a non-profit group based in the United States. Its members are the "big six" major Hollywood studios: Netflix, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (The Walt Disney Company), Sony Pictures (Sony), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Global), Universal Studios (Comcast), and Warner Bros. (Warner Bros. Discovery). It also represents Netflix streaming platform movies. The organization produces the well-known voluntary film rating system. On January 22, 2019, Netflix became the first streaming service to become a member of the MPA.

References

Other websites

Movie organizations
Non-profit organizations of the United States
1922 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in the United States
Long Beach is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, USA, on the Pacific coast. It borders Orange County on its southeast edge. It is about 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. It is a part of the Greater Los Angeles Area.

References
São Carlos is a Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2017, it had 246,088 people living in it. It is about 230 km (143 miles) away from the city of São Paulo and has an area of 1,137 km² (441 mi²).

Cities in São Paulo (state)
Some regions of the U.S. that include land that is now in two different states and might become a new state include the "State of Jefferson" (Northmost California plus the southern counties of Oregon) and the "State of Lincoln" (Eastmost Washington State plus the northern panhandle of Idaho. A move has also been proposed to separate the westmost one-fourth of Nebraska from that state, but to add that to Wyoming (the least-populous state), rather than to create an entirely new state. This region is actually much closer to Cheyenne, Wyoming, the capital city, than it is to its current capital of Lincoln, Nebraska. 

In 2012 and more recently in 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted strongly in favor of becoming the 51st state, but the approval of the United States Congress is also needed.

Guyana has also seen political movements favoring and advocating for it to become an American associated territory with eventual statehood as its goal.
Several Canadian Provinces as well as the whole of Canada have had political parties and movements advocating American statehood making their North American location a natural candidate and ideal prospect.

References

States of the United States
Mogadishu () is the capital city of the African country of Somalia. It is also the largest city in that country. It is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Somali Sea. The city has been an important port for the region for many centuries. Estimates of the city's population are between 1.5 and 3 million people.

History 
Trade between the people in the Mogadishu area with other areas along the Somali Sea coast of East Africa started as early as the 1st century. Muslim traders from the Arabian Peninsula came to the area during the 10th century. Because of trade with them, Islam spread through Somalia. The Portuguese tried to take control of the city, but failed. In 1871 Barghash bin Said, the sultan of Zanzibar, controlled the city.
In 1892, Ali bin Said let Italy use the city. Italy bought the city in 1905. They made Mogadiscio (Italian for Mogadishu) the capital of Italian Somaliland.  The Italians took control of the area around the city in 1919 after minor resistance.  Italian Mogadiscio  grew from a small village of 1,000 inhabitants in the 1890s to a modern capital in 1940 of nearly 100,000 persons (of whom more than 1/3 were Italians), that was second only to Asmara in Eritrea for development inside the Italian Empire.

British forces that were in Kenya during World War II captured Mogadishu on February 26, 1941.  The British ruled until they gave Italy control of the city again in 1952. Somalia became independent in 1960 with Mogadishu as its capital.
Rebel forces entered and took the city in 1990. They forced President Mohamed Siad Barre to resign and leave the country in January 1991. He went to Lagos, Nigeria.  Some of the rebels said that Ali Mahdi Muhammad was the new president. Others said that Mohamed Farrah Aidid was president.  A group of United States Marines landed near Mogadishu on December 9, 1992. They were the first part of the United Nations peacekeeping forces during Operation Restore Hope to go to the country. Mogadishu has had many years of civil war. This is because the government of Somalia fell in 1991. This has included many suicide bombings by jihadist group al-Shabaab. In 2017, an al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed over 500 people.
Economy 
Mogadishu is a commercial and financial center for Somalia. The economy got better after the Somali Civil War but there are still problems. Because the government does not have control of the whole country, there is less taxation or regulatory costs. This makes businesses not cost as much as it does in other places. Businesses have hired armed militias to have security. This is reducing violence in the city.

The main industries of the city include making food and beverages as well as textiles. The main textile is cotton. The main market many different types of goods from food to electronic items.

Mogadishu has the most port traffic of any port in Somalia. It is still a major seaport. However, there has been a lot of piracy around Somalia's coastal areas. This makes trade risky.

Notable people

References

Related pages 
 Badbaado refugee camp (large refugee camp outside Mogadishu)
 Italian Mogadishu
Other websites 
 GlobalSecurity.org page on the city's history
 BBC News Mogadishu photo gallery
 Maps of Mogadishu in 1894, 1915, 1934, 1975, 1987 
 Mogadishu at Google Maps
The , in the past known as , is part of the Japanese football club system.

J1 League is the top grouping of the .

It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J. League Cup and Emperor's Cup.

The second tier is represented by the J2 League.

Champions

Split-season era (2015–present)

League Format
As of the 2015 season, and continuing through at least the 2019 season, the league uses a multi-stage format.

The regular season is split into two stages. In each stage, each team plays one match against every other team. As in almost all association football leagues worldwide, teams receive 3 points in the standings for a win, 1 point for a draw, and none for a loss, and teams are ranked by points earned.
After the second stage of the regular season, an overall table is calculated. The champions of each stage of the regular season, plus any team finishing in the top three of the overall table, advance to a championship playoff. The team that finishes on top of the overall table receives a place in the championship final, while the other teams play off for the other spot in the final.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 J2 League
 Japan Football League
 Japanese Regional Leagues
 List of J. League players

References

Other websites
  J-League at NHK.or.jp 

1993 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in Japan
Football leagues in Japan
This article is about a late 19th-century revolution. For a late 20th-century event, also called "Philippine Revolution", see EDSA Revolution of 1986 revolution of the philippine.

The Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan. The goal of the revolution was for the Philippines to gain independence from Spain.

History of the Philippines
Wars of independence
Rebellions in Asia
19th-century rebellions
1890s in Asia
Victoria (sometimes called Port Victoria) is the capital city of the Republic of Seychelles. It is on the north-eastern side of Mahé island, which the main island of the archipelago.  The city was first created as the capital of the British colonial government. Victoria has a population of 24,970 people (2002). About one third of the population of the Seychelles lives in the city. Victoria is served by the Seychelles International Airport

The main exports of Victoria are vanilla, coconuts, coconut oil, corn, tortoise shell, soap, and guano. The harbour is a short distance east of the town. Tuna fishing and canning are a major local industry.

Things to see 

Things to see in the city include a clocktower built similar to Little Ben in London, England. It is a small version of Big Ben. Other things include the Courthouse, the Victoria Botanical Gardens, the Victoria National Museum of History, the Victoria Natural History Museum and the Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market.

Seychelles
National capitals in Africa
Roe is the ripe eggs of fish and certain marine animals, for example sea urchins, shrimp and scallop.  It is a type of seafood. Roe is used in many different foods. It can be used cooked or raw.

Caviar is a name for sturgeon roe which is eaten as a delicacy. 

Soft roe or white roe is not roe. It is the seminal fluid of fish.

Around the world

Asia
Asia

Japan
Many different types of roe are used in Japanese cuisine. The following are used raw in sushi:
 Ikura (いくら) - Salmon roe. Large reddish-orange eggs.  Salmon eggs are also used as bait when fishing. People who fish may find this strange when served Ikura for the first time.
 Kazunoko () - Herring roe, yellow or pinkish. It has a firm, rubbery texture and look. It is usually pickled. The roe is in a single mass. This makes it look like a piece of fish.
 Mentaiko () - Alaska pollock roe which is spiced with powdered red pepper. Mentaiko is usually pink to dark red.
 Tarako (たらこ) - Salted Alaska pollock roe. It is sometimes grilled.
 Tobiko () - Flying fish roe. It is very crunchy and reddish orange in color.
Uni (うに, ) - Sea urchin roe is soft. Color ranges from orange to light yellow. Humans eat the roe either raw or briefly cooked. Sea urchin roe is a popular food in Korean cuisine. It is called "uni" in Japanese sushi cuisine. It is also a food in Chile, called an "erizo". 
Karasumi (カラスミ, ) - It is mainly found in Nagasaki. Along with salt-pickled sea urchin roe and Konowata, it is one of the three chinmi of Japan . It is made by removing the salt from salt pickled mullet roe and drying it by the sunlight.
India (Kerala and West Bengal) and Bangladesh
Roe from the Hilsa fish is a delicacy in West Bengal and Bangladesh. The roe is usually deep-fried. Other ways of cooking it such as mashed roe where the roe crushed along with oil, onion & pepper, or curry of roe could also be found. In the state of Kerala, roe is deep fried in coconut oil and is a delicacy. Among the tribal populace, deeply-roasted roe in open fire (much like marshmallows) is a delicacy. In this region, the roe of rohu is also delicacy. It is eaten fried or put inside a fried pointed gourd to make potoler dolma.

Iran
In the Caspian provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran, several types of roe are used. Called Ashpal or Ashbal, roe can be eaten grilled, cured, salted, or mixed with other things. If salted or cured, it is eaten as a condiment. If used fresh, it is usually grilled, steamed, or mixed with eggs and fried to make a custard-like dish called "Ashpal Kuku".
Roe from Kutum (also known as Caspian White Fish or Rutilus Frisii Kutum), Roach (called "Kuli" in Gileki), Bream (called "Kulmeh" in Gileki), and Caspian Salmon are liked very much. Roe from Carp is less common and Barbel roe is also used at times.

Europe

Denmark
Lumpfish (stenbider) roe is used in Danish cuisine. It is served on top of halved or sliced hard-boiled eggs, on top of piles of shrimp, or with other fish or seafood.  Another commonly eaten roe is that from the cod (torsk).

Greece
Tarama is carp roe used to make taramosalata. Taramosolata is a Greek and Turkish food that is made of tarama mixed with lemon juice, bread crumbs, onions, and olive oil. Other food is dipped into it and eaten.

Italy
Bottarga is the salted and dried roe pouch of Gray Mullet. It is used as a topping and with pasta.

Sweden

Smoked and salted cod roe paste is very popular in Sweden. The most famous brand is Kalles Kaviar. The paste is commonly served as sandwich topping.
United Kingdom
Roe eaten in the United Kingdom is usually soft roe instead of hard roe. Herring roe is sold in many British supermarkets but it is not very popular. Battered cod roe can also be bought within many fish and chip shops, mainly around the London area.
The television licence (sometimes called the TV licence or the television tax) is a small tax that people pay to watch television. It is used to pay, or part-pay, for the local public broadcaster, such as the BBC in the United Kingdom. It mainly exists in Europe, East Asia and parts of Africa. The licence fee varies in size from a few euros to around 350 euros per year in Iceland. In return for paying the licence, the broadcaster does have few or no adverts. 

In the past, before television was well known, people used to have a radio licence, which is a roughly the same as television licence, but for radio. Some countries still have the radio licence together with the television licence.

License
Nicosia, also known as Lefkosia (; ) is the capital city and largest city  of the island country of Cyprus. Niscosia is on the Pedieos (Kanlidere) river in the centre of the island. The city is the seat of government as well as the main business centre for Cyprus. Nicosia is capital of the administrative district (Nicosia District).

Division 
Nicosia is the only divided capital city in the world. It has a northern (Turkish) section and a southern (Cypriot) section. These sections are divided by the "Green Line". It is a demilitarized zone created by the United Nations.  Nicosia (southern part) is the capital of the Republic of Cyprus while northern part is capital of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), a de facto state only recognized by Turkey.

Nicosia has a total population of 310,355.
Features 
Nicosia has many shops, restaurants and entertainment. The city is a trade center. It manufactures textiles, leather, pottery, plastic, and other items. Copper mines are nearby. The University of Cyprus (UCY) is in Nicosia.

Climate 
Nicosia has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh in the Köppen climate classification).

The highest temperature ever recorded in Nicosia was  on 4 September 2020.

History 
Nicosia was a city-state known as Ledra or Ledrae in ancient times. The king of Ledra was Onasagoras in 672 BC. The city was rebuilt by Lefkos, son of Ptolemy I around 300 BC.  Ledra in Hellenic and Roman times was a small, unimportant town, also known as Lefkothea. It got its first Christian bishop, Trifillios, in 348.

The city became the island's capital around the 10th century. It had grown in importance because of threats to the coastal cities Paphos and Salamis. These threats made many people leave the coast of the island and move to Lefkosia in the center of the island.
The city became a Venetian possession in 1489. It was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1571. During this time, the city grew culturally. In the 15th and 16th centuries, many palaces, churches and monasteries were built. About 20,000 people living in the city died because of the Ottoman attack of 1570.
 
Many disasters happened in the city during the 19th century. Cholera hit the city in 1835. Fire destroyed large parts of Nicosia in 1857.

The British Empire took control of the island in 1878. Nicosia was the capital of the new British colony.
In early 1974, a coup d'état instigated by the Greek junta overthrew the legal government and took control. Shortly afterwards Turkey invaded the island occupying a large part, with excuse that Turkish Cypriot people's safety was threatened.  Because of this, Cyprus and the city of Nicosia are divided since. Cyprus with its legal government is part of the European Union. The northern area, controlled by Turkish Cypriots, exists as a unilaterally proclaimed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" recognized only by Turkey.

Twinnings 
 , Schwerin, (1974)
 , Athens, (1988)
 , Odessa, (1996)
 , Shiraz, (1999)
 , Bucharest, (2004)
 , Shanghai, (2004)
 , Barcelona, (2004)
 , Beirut, (2004)
 , Mexico City, (2004)
 , Milan, (2004)
 , Abu Dhabi (2004)

Collaborations 
 , Moscow, (2000)
 , Nicosia, Sicily, (2000)
 , Qingdao, (2001)
 , Athens, (2002, 2003)
 , Helsinki, (2003)
 , Zagreb, (2004)

Related pages
 Cyprus
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

References
References 

 Cyprus Government Website - Towns and Population
 Nicosia Municipality Web Site -History 
 Cyprus Island - Nicosia

Other websites 

 European Capitals - Nicosia  movie about Nicosia
 Videos: Culture of Nicosia 
 Website for Municipality of Nicosia
 Nicosia in Dark and White: a photo exhibition
Gob is also a slang term for a mouth.
Gob are a Canadian punk band from Burnaby, British Columbia . The band was formed in 1994.  The band's sound is based on distorted guitars. They have had many songs used on Electronic Arts's sports video games. The band has appeared on several outdoor music festivals, the most well-known being Vans Warped Tour.

Discography
Studio albums
 Too Late... No Friends (1995)
 How Far Shallow Takes You (1998)
 World According to Gob (2001)
 Foot in Mouth Disease (2003)
 Muertos Vivos (2007)

Other albums
 Gob (1994)
 Ass Seen on TV (1997)
 F.U. EP (2002)
 Dildozer'' (1995)

Other websites 
Official Website
Official gob MySpace
Gobfans.com 

Canadian punk bands
Musical groups established in 1994
1994 establishments in Canada
Auckland Grammar School is a public school in Auckland New Zealand. It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen. The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live. It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand. The school has more than two thousand students. The School's motto is "Per Angusta Ad Augusta". It means "Through difficulties to greatness". This motto is most often reiterated within the school. The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor.
History 
Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey. He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861 to 1868. During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues. The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire. Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems. Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland. Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons.

Tibbs House 
Tibbs House was opened in 1962 with 46 boys to provide an opportunity for boys outside of the greater Auckland area to attend Auckland Grammar School.

It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922. A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House.
Rules 
People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school. The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.' The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields. The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards.

Famous former students 
 Sir Edmund Hillary (The first person to climb Mount Everest)
 Russell Crowe
 Cyrill Basset (Won the Victoria's Cross during World War I)
 Hon Sir Leslie Munro former President of the General Assembly of the United Nations

Other websites 
 Official school website

Auckland
Schools in New Zealand
1868 establishments
1860s establishments in New Zealand
Virginia Beach is an American city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The city is in the South Hampton Roads area on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.  It is the largest city in Virginia. It is the 42nd largest city in the United States. There are people living there.

Virginia Beach is a part of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area. The area also includes the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties and towns of Hampton Roads. The area is known as "America's First Region."
  
Virginia Beach is best known as a resort town. It has miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay. It is also home to several state parks, three military bases, a number of large corporations, and two universities. It was the site of the first landing of English colonists going to Jamestown.
The city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is also at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel in the world.

History

Native Americans 
Chesepians were the Native American (American Indian) people living in the area now known as South Hampton Roads in Virginia during the time the English settlers came in 1607. They lived in an area which is now the cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach.

The Chesepians had two other towns (or villages), Apasus and Chesepioc. Both were near the Chesapeake Bay in what is now Virginia Beach. Archaeologists and other people have found many Native American artifacts, for example arrowheads, stone axes, pottery, beads, and skeletons in the area.
First landing, Adam Thoroughgood 
In 1607, after traveling by ocean for 144 days, three ships headed by Captain Christopher Newport came to land where the Atlantic Ocean meets the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. This point is in the northeastern part of the city. They named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the oldest son of King James I of England.  They then left the area to find a place farther inland where ships from other European countries would not find them. They created their first settlement at Jamestown. 
 
Adam Thoroughgood (1604-1640) of Norfolk, England is one of the first Englishmen to settle in the area which became Virginia Beach.
In 1634, the Colony was divided into shires. They were soon renamed counties. It is said that Thoroughgood used the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County (soon renamed Nansemond County) and Lower Norfolk County. Thoroughgood chose to live along the Lynnhaven River, also named for his home in England. Lower Norfolk County was very big. It stretched all the way from the Atlantic Ocean west past the Elizabeth River. It included the entire area that is now the cities of Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Virginia Beach.

Princess Anne County: 1691-1963 
In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was divided to form Norfolk County to the west and Princess Anne County to the east. Princess Anne included all the area from North Carolina border to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay along the Atlantic Ocean. Princess Anne County existed from 1691 to 1963, over 250 years.
Virginia Beach: growth of a resort 
The small resort area of Virginia Beach began to grow in Princess Anne County in the late 19th century. This growth was helped in 1888 when rail service and electricity started in the area.

The resort was dependent upon railroad and electric trolley service at first. The concrete Virginia Beach Boulevard from Norfolk to the Oceanfront was completed in 1922. It let people get to the oceanfront in automobiles, buses, and trucks. The resort of Virginia Beach became an incorporated town in 1906. Over the next 45 years, Virginia Beach became more popular as a summer vacation spot. Virginia Beach became a small independent city in 1952. It was politically independent from Princess Anne County. In 1963, Virginia Beach and Princess Anne county merged into a new, much larger independent city keeping the name of the Virginia Beach resort.

On May 31, 2019, there was a mass shooting in the city. A man killed 12 people. He was killed by police.

Geography and climate
Geography 
Virginia Beach has an area of 1,288.1 km² (497.3 mi²).  Of that area, 643.1 km² (248.3 mi²) is land and 645.0 km² (249.0 mi²) is water. The average elevation is 12 feet (4 meters) above sea level.

The city has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

Things to see 
 Adam Keeling House
 Adam Thoroughgood House
 Cape Henry
 Fleet Combat Training Center Atlantic
 Fort Story
 Hell's Point Country Club
 Little Creek Naval Amphibious Base
 Naval Air Station Oceana
 Norwegian Lady Statue
 Old Cape Henry Lighthouse
 Old Coast Guard Station Museum (Seatack)
 Regent University and Christian Broadcasting Network
 TPC of Virginia Beach
 Verizon Wireless Virginia Beach Amphitheater
 Virginia Aquarium
 Virginia Beach Oceanfront
The Edgar Cayce Hospital for Research and Enlightenment was started in Virginia Beach in 1928 with 60 beds. Cayce was a psychic from Kentucky who said he had healing abilities and made prophesies. Cayce lived in Virginia Beach until he died in 1945. His followers are still active in Virginia Beach. Atlantic University was opened by Cayce in 1930; it closed two years later but was re-opened in 1985. Atlantic University was originally intended for study of Cayce's readings and research after spiritual subjects.

There are also eleven golf courses open to the public in the city, as well as four country club courses and NAS Oceana's Aeropines course. Among the best-known public courses are Hell's Point Golf Club and the TPC of Virginia Beach.