Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Battle rap (or rap battling) is a type of rapping that includes boasting and bragging. Rap battles are often performed as live contests in front of an audience. Two or more rappers compete to see who has the better verses. The raps can be rehearsed or freestyled. A freestyle battle is where the rappers use improvised lyrics. Battling can also occur on recorded songs.

Each competitor's goal is to insult their opponent through clever lyrics. They must also convince the audience that they are the better rapper. Judges have been used in formal contests. Without judges, the rapper who receives the best response from the audience is viewed as the winner.

ERB
The YouTube channel Epic Rap Battles of History is based on the idea of famous people from history and well-known fictional characters battle rapping

References

Rap music
Hip hop genres
Alley Mills (born May 9, 1951) is an American actress. She was born in Chicago, Illinois on May 9. Mills has appeared in the television shows Yes, Dear, Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, Strong Medicine and Sabrina the Teenage Witch. She has appeared in theater productions.  Mills plays the character Pam Douglas in The Bold And The Beautiful.

Personal life
She met her husband, Orson Bean, at a reading of a play in Los Angeles. They married on April 18, 1993.

References
The Bold and the Beautiful, CBS, 2016.
Live with Regis and Kathie Lee, episode #173, aired 5-9-1990

Other websites

Actors from Chicago
Living people
1951 births
American television actors
Benoît Violier (22 August 1971 – 31 January 2016) was a French-Swiss chef. He owned the three Michelin star Restaurant de l'hôtel de Ville from 2012 until his death. The restaurant was first on La Liste in December 2015.

Violier was born in Saintes, Charente-Maritime. He studied in Paris. He moved to Switzerland in 1996 to work for Philippe Rochat. He became a Swiss citizen in 2014.

Violier was found dead from a gunshot wound on 31 January 2016 in Crissier. He was 44. His death was reported as a suicide.

Food gallery

References

1971 births
2016 deaths
French chefs
Suicides by firearm
Swiss businesspeople
People from Charente-Maritime
Death of a Hero is a book by Richard Aldington. It was his first novel, published in 1929. It is thought to be partly about his own life. The story is set during World War I.

Plot
Death of a Hero is the story of a young English artist named George Winterbourne who enlists in the army at the beginning of World War I. The story is told by an unnamed narrator, who speaks in the first person. The narrator claims to have known and served with the main character. The story is divided into three parts.

Book I
The first part details George's family history. His father, a middle-class man from England's countryside, marries a poor woman who falsely believes she is marrying into a monied family. After George's birth, his mother has a series of lovers.

George is brought up to be a proper and patriotic member of English society. He is encouraged to learn his father's insurance business, but fails to do so. After a disagreement with his parents, he relocates to London to become an artist and live a socialite lifestyle.
Book II
The second section of the book deals with George's London life. He ingrains himself in socialite society and engages a number of trendy philosophies.

After he and his lover, Elizabeth, have a pregnancy scare, they decide to marry. Although they do not have a child, the marriage endures. They decide to leave their marriage open. George takes Elizabeth's close friend as a lover, however, and their marriage begins to fall apart. Just as the situation is becoming particularly heated, England declares war on Germany. George decides to enlist.

Book III
George trains for the army and is sent to France. (No particular location in France is mentioned. The town behind the front where George spends much of his time is referred to as M---.) He fights on the front for some time. When he returns home, he finds that he has been so affected by the war that he cannot relate to his friends, including his wife and lover.
The casualty rate among officers is particularly high at the front. When a number of officers in George's unit are killed, he is promoted. Upon spending time with the other officers, he finds them to be cynical and utilitarian. He loses faith in the war quickly.

The story ends with George standing up during a machine-gun barrage. He is killed.

At the end of the book there is a poem written from the point of view of a veteran comparing World War I to the Trojan War.
Censorship
Aldington was a veteran of World War I. He claimed that his novel was accurate in terms of speech and style. It contains a lot of colloquial speech, including profanity, discussion of sexuality and graphic descriptions of the war and of life in the trenches. There was extensive censorship in England and many war novels had been banned or burned as a result. When Aldington first published his novel, he removed or changed a number of sentences in order to make sure the book was published. He insisted that his publishers include a disclaimer in the original printing of the book with the following text:
To my astonishment, my publisher informed me that certain words, phrases, sentences, and even passages, are at present taboo in England. I have recorded nothing which I have not observed in human life, said nothing I do not believe to be true. [...] At my request the publishers are removing what they believe would be considered objectionable, and are placing asterisks to show where omissions have been made. [...] In my opinion it is better for the book to appear mutilated than for me to say what I don't believe.

References

English novels
1929 books
Lewis V. Baldwin  (born 1949) is a professor of religious studies at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He is an award-winning historian and author of a number of books on Martin Luther King, Jr.

Education 
He was born and raised in Camden, Alabama. In 1971 he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History. Baldwin studied at Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School from 1971 to 1975. He received his Master of Arts degree in 1973. In 1975 he received his Master of Divinity degree in Theology. In the autumn of 1975 he entered the Ph.D. program at Northwestern University. He completed his degree in 1980. In 1978 he was ordained a minister in Greenville Alabama by his father, Pastor L. V. Baldwin, Sr. On June 16, 1987, Baldwin became a deacon in the United Methodist Church.
Teaching career 
Dr. Baldwin taught at the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio. He has also taught at Colgate University and Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School in New York. He was a professor at Fisk University and American Baptist College in Nashville before coming to Vanderbilt University. He lives in Nashville, Tennessee.
Bibliography 
Dr. Baldwin is the author of over 60 articles and several books. These include:
 "Invisible" Strands in African Methodism: A History of the African Union(1983)
 Union American Methodist Episcopal Churches, 1805-1980(1983)
 The Mark of a Man: Peter Spencer and the African Union Methodist Tradition (1987)
 There Is a Balm in Gilead: The Cultural Roots of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1991)
 To Make the Wounded Whole: The Cultural Legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1992)
 The legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr.: the boundaries of law, politics, and religion (1992)
 Freedom is Never Free: A Biographical Portrait of E.D. Nixon, Sr. (1992)
 Toward the Beloved Community: Martin Luther King, Jr. and South Africa (1995)
 (co-author with Amiri YaSin Al-Hadid) Between Cross and Crescent: Christian and Muslim Perspectives on Malcolm and Martin (2002)
 The Voice of Conscience: The Church in the Mind of Martin Luther King, Jr. (2010)
 Never to Leave Us Alone: The Prayer Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. (2010)
"Thou, dear God" : prayers that open hearts and spirits, Martin Luther King, edited by Lewis V. Baldwin (2012)
 "In a single garment of destiny" : a global vision of justice, Martin Luther King, edited by Lewis V. Baldwin (2012)
Awards 
He received the "American Theological Library Association Award" for his book "Invisible" Strands.  Baldwin won the "Midwest Book Achievement Award" of the Midwest Independent Publishers Association. This was for his book A Balm in Gilead.

References

Other websites
Vanderbilt's webpage about Dr. Baldwin 

1949 births
Writers from Alabama
American historians
Living people
The little owl (Athene noctua) is a bird that lives in  the temperate and warmer parts of Europe, Asia (east to Korea), and North Africa. It was introduced into Britain at the end of the nineteenth century, and into the South Island of New Zealand in the early twentieth century.

This owl is a member of the Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other group is the barn owls, Tytonidae. 

The little owl is a small, mainly nocturnal species. It is found in a range of habitats such as farmland, woodland fringes, steppes and semi-deserts. It is camouflaged, and especially hard to see if the background is wood or stone covered with lichen. It feeds on insects, earthworms, other invertebrates and small vertebrates such as mice and shrews.
Males have territories which they defend against intruders. This owl is a cavity nester and a clutch of about four eggs is laid in spring. The female does the incubation and the male brings food to the nest, first for the female and later for the newly hatched young. As the chicks grow, both parents hunt and bring them food, and the chicks leave the nest at about seven weeks of age.

There are thirteen recognized subspecies of little owl spread across Europe and Asia.

References 

Strigiformes
National symbols of Greece
UBS AG is a Swiss finance company. It is an investment bank. 60,000 people work with them in total around the world. The headquarters are in Zürich.

References

Other websites

Financial institutions of Switzerland
Companies based in Zürich
Hilda Heine (born April 6, 1951) is a Marshallese politician. She was the eighth President of the Marshall Islands, serving from January 28, 2016 to January 13, 2020.

References

1951 births
Living people
Presidents of the Marshall Islands
Current national leaders
Stops or plosives are consonant sounds that are formed by completely stopping airflow. 

Stop sounds can be voiceless, like the sounds /p/, /t/, and /k/, or voiced, like /b/, /d/, and /g/. In phonetics, a plosive consonant is  made by blocking a part of the mouth so that no air can pass through. Pressure builds up behind the  block, and when the air is allowed to pass through again, a sound is created. This sound is the plosive consonant. The blocking is usually done using the tongue, the lips or the throat. Plosives can be voiced or voiceless.

IPA 
, ,  are voiceless plosives.

, ,  are voiced plosives. 

 is a glottal stop which is made in the throat.

Related pages 
Glottal stop

Consonants
George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976) is an American attorney, United States Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor and politician. He serves as the Commissioner of the Texas Land General Office. He is the oldest child of Florida Governor Jeb Bush. He is also the grandson of former President George H.W. Bush and the nephew of former President George W. Bush.

Bush was born in Houston, Texas.

References

Politicians from Texas
1976 births
Living people
Politicians from Houston
Republican Party (United States) politicians
The Aramaic alphabet was originally adapted from the Phoenician alphabet about the 8th century BC. It was first used to write the Aramaic language. It was also used to write several other languages and alphabets including the Hebrew square script.  It was also developed into the Nabataean, Syriac and Mongolian writing systems, among others. The modern Arabic alphabet is also descended from the Aramaic alphabet. 

The Aramaic alphabet contains 22 characters used mainly to indicate consonants. However, some symbols can be used to indicate long vowels. By comparison the later Hebrew and Arabic scripts use only consonants. Hebrew uses 22; Arabic 28.

References

Other websites 
 Ancient Scripts - Aramaic
 Learn to Write Aramaic - YouTube

Alphabets
Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (born 16 March 1956) is a Swiss politician. She was in office from 1985 to 2015. She studied law at the University of Zürich.

Other websites

Profile of Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf 
Official biography 

Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
1956 births
Living people
People from Graubünden
Eric Michael Garcetti (born February 4, 1971) is an American politician who is the United States Ambassador to India since 2023. He had served as mayor of Los Angeles from 2013 to 2022. He is a former member of the Los Angeles City Council, representing the 13th District. He served as Council President from 2006 to 2012.

Mayoralty of Los Angeles
He is a member of the Democratic Party. Garcetti won an election to become mayor on May 21, 2013. He defeated city Controller Wendy Greuel. Garcetti was the city's first elected Jewish mayor and its youngest in more than a hundred years.

Ambassadorship to India
In May 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Garcetti to be the United States Ambassador to India. In May 2022, his nomination was put on hold while an investigation is being made about how Garcetti handled sexual harassment claims against his top mayoral aides. On May 22, 2022, U.S. Senate leader Chuck Schumer said that Garcetti did not have enough votes to have his nomination passed by the Senate.
Biden renominated Garcetti in January 2023. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate by a 52–42 vote.

Personal life
Garcetti was born in Los Angeles and was raised in the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles. His father, Gil Garcetti, is a lawyer and was the Los Angeles District Attorney during the O. J. Simpson murder case. He studied at Columbia University and at Queen's College, Oxford.

Garcetti is a photographer, jazz pianist, and composer. In 2009, he married his longtime girlfriend Amy Elaine Wakeland. They have one daughter, Maya Juanita, who was adopted. Garcetti and his wife have also fostered seven children.

References

1971 births
Living people
Mayors of Los Angeles
American Jews
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to India
Richard Joseph "Dick" Riordan (May 1, 1930 – April 19, 2023) was an American investment banker, businessman, investor and politician. He served as the 39th Mayor of Los Angeles, California from 1993 to 2001. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Riordan was born in New York City. He died at his Brentwood home on April 19, 2023, at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
2023 deaths
Mayors of Los Angeles
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Thomas J. "Tom" Bradley (December 29, 1917September 29, 1998) was an American politician. He was the 38th Mayor of Los Angeles. He served from 1973 to 1993. He was the only African-American mayor of that city. His 20 years in office mark the longest time by any mayor in the city's history.

He became mayor after an election in 1973. It made him the second African-American mayor of a major U.S. city. Bradley retired in 1993. His approval ratings had begun dropping because of the 1992 Los Angeles riots.

Bradley ran for Governor of California in 1982 and 1986. He was defeated each time by the Republican George Deukmejian. In 1985, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.

Bradley died on September 29, 1998 in Los Angeles. He died from a stroke caused by a heart attack. He was aged 80.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Tribute to Bradley by Dianne Feinstein, with biographical information 
Tom Bradley on the Internet Movie Database
The Bradley Effect by Raphael Sonenshein
Bridging the Divide: Tom Bradley and the Politics of Race documentary

1917 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mayors of Los Angeles
Politicians from Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Roman Stanley Gribbs (December 29, 1925 – April 5, 2016) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Detroit from 1970 to 1974.  Later, Gribbs served as a judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals.

References

1925 births
2016 deaths
American judges
Cancer deaths in Michigan
Mayors of Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
David Bing (born November 24, 1943) is an American businessman, retired basketball player, and former mayor. He was mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 2009 to 2013.

After starring at Syracuse University, Bing played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a guard for the Detroit Pistons (1966 to 1975), Washington Bullets (1975 to 1977) and Boston Celtics (1977–78). He is now in the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Bing entered Detroit politics as a Democrat in 2008. He announced his intentions to run for mayor in Detroit's non-partisan primary to finish the term of Kwame Kilpatrick. Kilpatrick had resigned during a corruption investigation. After winning the primary, Bing then defeated interim Mayor Kenneth Cockrel, Jr. and was sworn in as mayor in May 2009. Later that year, Bing was re-elected to a full term.

References
References

1943 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
African American politicians
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Sportspeople from Detroit
Businesspeople from Detroit
Boston Celtics players
Detroit Pistons players
Mayors of Detroit
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Washington Bullets players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Michael Edward  "Mike" Duggan (born July 15, 1958) is an American lawyer, prosecutor and businessman. He is serving as mayor of Detroit, Michigan. He was elected mayor in 2013.

He received attention from across the country in part because he is the first white mayor of the city since Roman Gribbs in the early 1970s. Currently, most of the people living in Detroit are African American. This was not the case at the time when Gribbs was mayor.

References

1958 births
Living people
Lawyers from Detroit
Businesspeople from Detroit
Mayors of Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Mohammad Salimi (; February 2, 1937 – January 30, 2016) was an Iranian military person. He was born in Mashhad, Iran. He was the commander-in-chief of the Iranian Army. He served in the Iran-Iraq War. He began his career in 1955 and resigned in 2005. Salimi was the defense minister in the cabinet of Mir-Hossein Mousavi, replacing Javad Fakoori. He was in office from 1981 to August 1984.

References

1937 births
2016 deaths
Iranian generals
Government ministers
Iranian politicians
Paul Pholeros AM (1953 – 1 February 2016) was an Australian architect. He was born in Sydney. He received his Bachelor of Science in Architecture from the University of Sydney in 1974 and Bachelor of Architecture (Hons 1) in 1976. Pholeros created his own architectural practice, Paul Pholeros Architects, in 1984. He was also a director of Healthabitat Pty Ltd.

Pholeros died in Sydney on 1 February 2016 from cancer at the age of 62.

References

1953 births
2016 deaths
Australian architects
Cancer deaths in Sydney
People from Sydney
University of Sydney alumni
Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (; 17 February 1929 – 15 September 2022) is a Chilean movie and theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, actor, author, poet, producer, composer, musician, comic book writer. He also gives spiritual advice. He was known for his movies El Topo (1970), The Holy Mountain (1973), Tusk (1980), the horror Santa Sangre (1989) and the failed blockbuster The Rainbow Thief (1990).

He is best known for his avant-garde movies. He is popular among cult cinema fans for his work. His movies are "filled with violently surreal images" and a mix of "mysticism and religious provocation".

He was born in Tocopilla, Chile.

References

1929 births
Living people
Chilean movie actors
Chilean poets
Chilean movie directors
Chilean screenwriters
Chilean playwrights
Chilean composers
Chilean musicians
Chilean movie producers
A graphing calculator is a calculator that is specially made to draw graphs. Also, graphing calculators can do many advanced tasks, such as solving equations with one or more variables. Graphing calculators are usually bigger and more expensive than a basic calculator, but can do more. Another feature of most graphing calculators is programmability. This lets anyone program the calculator to do whatever he or she wants.

References

Related pages
Computer Algebra System

Mathematical tools
Computer hardware
Fernando Arrabal Terán (born August 11, 1932) is a Spanish playwright, screenwriter, movie director, novelist and poet. Arrabal was born in Melilla, Spain, but settled in France in 1955. He calls himself desterrado, which means "half-expatriate, half-exiled".

In 1962, Arrabal co-founded the Panic Movement with Alejandro Jodorowsky and Roland Topor. It was inspired by the god Pan. He was elected Transcendent Satrap of the Collège de Pataphysique in 1990.

Other websites

Fernando Arrabal's website
Fernando Arrabal : Excerpts, articles, interviews and videos on the website of the Prague Writers' Festival
Fernando Arrabal's Cinématon – A 4 minutes online portrait by Gérard Courant
Chess Express Arrabal – Arrabal's chess blog

1932 births
Living people
French playwrights
French screenwriters
French movie directors
French poets
Spanish screenwriters
Spanish movie directors
Spanish poets
Spanish Africa
Melilla
The Jimmy Wales Foundation is a non-profit organization started by Jimmy Wales to promote internet freedom. The organization was established with prize money from the “Knowledge Award”, which was presented to Jimmy and Tim Berners-Lee at the first Knowledge Conference in Dubai.

The organization talks about individual human rights cases of real people who were persecuted.  One of the people featured is Bassel Khartabil, formerly from Creative Commons Syria. Bassel was imprisoned in Syria in 2012, and disappeared completely a few years later. Bassel Khartabil has been killed in 2015. Another featured case is Roya Saberinejad, who went to visit her family in Iran, and never returned.

Goals 

The purpose of the Jimmy Wales Foundation is to stop government censorship and promote freedom of expression on the internet.
The goals of the Jimmy Wales Foundation are to:
 Research the problem of freedom of expression and provide public information about the international problem
 Put political pressure on governments that control freedom of speech
 Use technology to promote free speech in countries with restrictive governments
 Pressure governments to make laws that promote freedom of expression
 Help individual people who are in trouble with repressive governments that restrict free speech

Other websites 
 Jimmy Wales Foundation official website
 Jimmy Wales Foundation on Twitter
 Jimmy Wales Foundation on LinkedIn

References 

International organizations
Human rights organisations in the United Kingdom
Imprisonment and detention
Internet-related organizations
Word of mouth is the passing of information from a person to one or more people in conversation. In the past, it referred only to speech, but now, it can sometimes include online communication. It can be as simple as telling someone what time it is, or it can involve longer stories and news. It is a good way to share information about things that are of interest to a local community, such as businesses, other people, and things that happened in the past.

Oral tradition
Oral tradition (also called "oral culture" or "oral lore") is when cultural material is transmitted orally from older people to younger people. This material may include folktales, sayings, songs, or chants. It is a way for things like history, literature, and law to be passed down from generation to generation without a writing system.
Oral history
Oral history is history that is given by people who lived through historical eras or events. Often, they are interviewed, and it is recorded. Usually, they talk about things that are not part of written history, such as what everyday life was like.

Marketing
Consumers often talk to their friends about their experiences with a product or a service. This is important for businesses because people are more likely to trust someone they know well.

"Word-of-mouth marketing" happens when a business tries to encourage people to talk about their product. For example, they can offer rewards or suggest that they make posts on social media.

A lot of people think that a lot of word of mouth now happens on the internet. However, studies show that most word of mouth actually happens in spoken conversation.

References

Human communication
Oral tradition
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931), also known as Ida B. Wells, was an African-American journalist, suffragist and women's rights advocate. She was born a slave in Holly Springs, Mississippi during the American Civil War. Wells grew up to become a teacher in Memphis, Tennessee. She became co-owner of a local newspaper "The Free Speech and Headlight". She wrote editorials using the pen name "Iola". Many of her editorials were about the problems of African-Americans in the era of Jim Crow laws. She became a full-time journalist after being dismissed from her teaching job. Wells was an early pioneer in the civil rights movement. In 1909, Wells was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Wells is buried at Oak Woods Cemetery in Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago, Illinois.
On May 4, 1884, a train conductor ordered Wells to give up her seat in a nice car and move to a crowded car. At the time, railroad companies were allowed to separate their passengers by race. Wells refused to give up her seat. The conductor and two men dragged her out of the car. Wells fought back and even bit the conductor on the hand. Wells wrote a newspaper article for The Living Way, an article for black people, about her treatment on the train. She hired a black lawyer to sue the railroad. The railroad paid her lawyer to not work for her, so Wells hired a white lawyer. She won her case on December 24, 1884. The local court granted her a $500 award. The railroad company then took the case to the Tennessee Supreme Court. That court decided against Wells in 1887. Wells was ordered to pay money to the court
. She responded saying she felt sad and disappointed because she had hoped that her lawsuit would help her fellow black Americans: "I felt so disappointed because I had hoped such great things from my suit for my people...O God, is there no...justice in this land for us?"
While teaching elementary school, the Evening Star, a newspaper in Washington, D.C., offered Wells an editorial job. She also wrote weekly articles for The Living Way weekly newspaper under the pen name "Iola." She became recognized for writing about the problems black people faced. In 1889, she became co-owner and editor of Free Speech and Headlight, a newspaper against separation by ethnicity. This newspaper published articles about injustices against black Americans. In 1891, Wells was dismissed from her teaching post by the Memphis Board of Education because of her articles that complained about conditions in the local schools for black students. Wells was sad but she didn't give up. She focused on writing articles for The Living Way and Free Speech and Headlight.
In 1889, Thomas Moss, a friend of Wells, opened the Peoples Grocery. The grocery store did well and competed with a grocery store across the street that was owned by a white man. In 1892, Wells went out of town. While she was gone, a mob of white people invaded her friend's store. During the fight, three white men were shot and injured. Moss and two other black men, named McDowell and Stewart, were arrested and jailed, waiting for their trial. A large mob of white people stormed the jail and killed the three men. After the murder of her friends, Wells wrote in Free Speech and Headlight, suggesting that blacks leave Memphis altogether: Wells talked about the public nature of the murders. More than 6,000 black people did leave Memphis. Other people decided not to use businesses owned by white people. Some people said they would hurt Wells, so she bought a pistol
. She later said that the people who bullied her were mad because she told just a little bit of the truth: "They had made me an exile and threatened my life for hinting at the truth."
References

Other websites

 Ida B. Wells-Barnett House
 Ida B. Wells: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know

1862 births
1931 deaths
Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery
American journalists
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
African American writers
Slaves
PlusLiga () is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland. It is a professional league competition for volleyball clubs located in Poland. It is overseen by Profesjonalna Liga Piłki Siatkowej S.A. (PLPS S.A.). There are currently 14 teams in the league. They play a schedule of 26 games from September to March. The regular season is followed by playoffs. The winner earns the Polish Championship () It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe. According to the latest rankings of European volleyball leagues, compiled by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball, the Polish league is ranked second-best.

Other websites

 PLUSLiga official site
 PZPS (Polish Volleyball Union) official site
 BGVolley (Site in which the Polish Championship is covered) 

Volleyball
Sports leagues
Sport in Poland
2000 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Poland
The Italian Male Volleyball League is the league that governs professional men's volleyball in Italy. It is structured with several levels of importance; the highest of them is the SuperLega (formerly Serie A1). Since early 1980s, many among the best volleyball players in the world play in SuperLega and the level of competition is considerably high.

Other websites

 FIPAV
 Lega Pallavolo Serie A

Volleyball organizations
Sports leagues
Volleyball in Italy
École Centrale Paris (ECP; also known as École Centrale or Centrale) was a French grande école in engineering and science. It is in a campus of Chatenay-Malabry.

Its courses can lead to the following French and European degrees :
 Ingénieur Centralien de Paris (Centralien Graduate engineer Masters level program) ;
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies ;
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS) ;
 Massive Online Open Courses.

Courses are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students at the school come from more than 50 countries.

Most of the 2000 students at École Centrale de Paris live in dedicated housing buildings near to the research labs and metro public transport.
Admission 
Admission to the "Centralien engineering Programme" at École Centrale de Paris is possible after two- or three-year scientific undergraduate studies and requires success in either: 
 an admission exam for Bachelors of Sciences (2-year curriculum)
 a French nationwide selective exam with numerus clausus : concours Centrale-Supelec (3-year curriculum including at least 2 years in France)
 a selective application as per Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) double degrees procedures applicable in Europe (2+2-year curriculum, including 2 years in France)
The Centralien Programme usually lasts three years and results in a Master's degree. It involves doing work in other countries. Thus undergraduate studies plus the Centralien Programme account for more than a cumulated 300 ECTS credits as applicable in the European education system.
 
However, graduate students enrolled in the TIME double degree procedure are required to spend two years at École Centrale de Paris and spend two years in the TIME-partner institute for a total of four years resulting in a double master's degree.

References

More reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1829 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in France
Grandes Ecoles
Lovely Professional University (LPU) is a Private University in North India created under the Punjab State Private University Act 2005 and recognized by UGC under Section 2(f) of UGC Act 1956. LPU has been offering more than 200 programs under 40+ disciplines.

Campus 
LPU  is spread across more than 600 acres complete with a state-of-the-art infrastructure. The campus is free from the use of drugs, alcohol and smoking. Even ragging is an offense in the campus. 

Situated at the entrance of Jalandhar City on the National Highway-1, the campus itself look like a planned city with wide roads, gardens and lawns surrounding the residential complexes as well as the buildings for academic purposes. The university campus includes its own backup electricity and water supply, shopping complexes, eating joints, transportation facilities and banking and postal services. For healthcare assistance, the campus has a hospital  that operates 24*7.
Schools 
The campus has four major faculties
 Faculty of Technology & Sciences.
 Faculty of Business & Arts.
 Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
 Faculty of Distance Education.

Hostels 
LPU have residential facilities with capacity for more than 20,000 students. The university provides a range of facilities within the university campus, separately for boys and girls. LPU understand that most of their students are moving away from home for the first time, so they strive to make the transition as smooth as possible. The university has a wide range of accommodation options. Campus entry is controlled by turnstile and there are CCTV surveillance cameras all round to ensure safety and security.

References 

Colleges and universities in India
Xenacoelomorpha is a proposed grouping of the xenoturbellids and acoelomorph flatworms, suggested by molecular data. It may be a member of the deuterostomes,  and may be even more basal in the Bilateria.

References 

 
Minor phyla
Mark Farren (1 May 1982 – 3 February 2016) was an Irish footballer. He played as a forward for Derry City. He was born in Donegal, Ireland. He played for Finn Harps F.C. from 2000 to 2001, Monaghan United F.C. from 2001 to 2003, Derry City F.C. from 2003 to 2012, and Glenavon F.C. from 2013 to 2014.

Farren died on 3 February 2016 of cancer. He was aged 33.

References

1982 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish footballers
Alba Solís (née Ángela Herminia Lamberti; 18 October 1927 – 3 February 2016) was an Argentine singer, actress and vedette. She was born in Buenos Aires. She was known for her roles in La cigarra está que arde, Estrellas de Buenos Aires, De turno con la muerte and Escándalo nocturno.

Solís died in Buenos Aires on 3 February 2016 from heart failure. She was aged 88.

References

Other websites
 Alba Solís at IMDB

1927 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Actors from Buenos Aires
Singers from Buenos Aires
Leonel Marshall Borges Jr.  (born September 25, 1979 in Havana) is a Cuban volleyball player. He was a member of the Cuban men's national team in 1997–2002. Marshall is an outside hitter. He is well known for his outstanding vertical jump.

Other websites
 Sports-reference profile 

1979 births
Living people
Cuban volleyball players
Balram Jakhar (23 August 1923 – 3 February 2016) was an Indian politician. He was a member of parliament and served as Governor of Madhya Pradesh from June 2004 to June 2009. Before being governor, Jakhar was the 8th Speaker of the Lok Sabha, serving from January 1980 to November 1989. He was born in Punjab.

Jakhar died from complications of pneumonia on 3 February 2016. He died in Delhi. He was aged 92.

References

Other websites

 Biography 

1923 births
2016 deaths
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
Governors of Madhya Pradesh
Governors of Gujarat
Politicians from Punjab, India
Henry Gibson (September 21, 1935 – September 14, 2009) was an American actor, singer and songwriter. He was best known as a cast member of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, for his role as Haven Hamilton in Nashville,  for his recurring role as Judge Clark Brown on Boston Legal, the Illinois Nazi leader in The Blues Brothers and as Bob Jenkins in King of the Hill.

Other websites
 
 Obituary at the Daily Telegraph

1935 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American singer-songwriters
Actors from Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Saulius Sondeckis (11 October 1928 – 3 February 2016) was a Lithuanian violinist, conductor, orchestra leader and professor. He founded the Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra in 1960 and was its artistic director and principal conductor until 2004. 

Sondeckis was born in Šiauliai, Lithuania. He studied at Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. Sondeckis died in Vilnius from a stroke on 3 February 2016. He was aged 87.

References

1928 births
2016 deaths
Lithuanian musicians
Violinists
Conductors
Lithuanian educators
Amanda Crew (born June 5, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Julie Christensen in Final Destination 3. She also played Wendy in The Haunting in Connecticut.

Crew was born in Langley, British Columbia.

References

Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
1986 births
Living people
People from British Columbia
Luiz Felipe Palmeira Lampreia (19 October 1941 – 2 February 2016) was a Brazilian diplomat and sociologist. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. Lampreia worked at as a professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. He served as chairman of the Industry Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro. He created a blog during his later career called O Globo.

Lampreia died in Rio de Janeiro from a heart attack on 2 February 2016. He was aged 74.

References

1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Politicians from Rio de Janeiro
 

Scientists from Rio de Janeiro
Mary Mereiwa Broughton  (née Whakaruru, 24 December 1938 – 31 January 2016), known as Mere Broughton, was a New Zealand Māori language activist and unionist. She was born in Hastings, New Zealand.

In the 1970s and 1980s, she worked at Victoria University. She created Te Herenga Waka Marae with her husband, Te Huirangi Waikerepuru, and Wiremu Parker. At the university she became active in union affairs, in the Association of University Staff (now the TEU). In 2010, she became the TEUs first lifetime member. Broughton was on the Tekaumārua, the advisory board to the Māori King, Tuheitia Paki. In 2014, she was part of the New Zealand delegation that sent off the canoes of the Polynesian Voyaging Society, Hōkūle'a and Hikianalia.

Broughton died on 31 January 2016 at her home in Waitara. She died from heart failure. She was aged 79.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Māori rights activists
Kim Yong-nam (; born 4 February 1928) is a North Korean politician. He serves as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly. He was position 1998-2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1983 to 1998. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2010.

References

1928 births
Living people
North Korean politicians
Edward Mikołaj Babiuch (; December 28, 1927 – February 1, 2021) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party, a Communist party. He was one of four deputy chairmen of the Polish Council of State from 1976 to 1980. Babiuch served as the Prime Minister of Poland in 1980, from February 18 to August 24 of that year.

Babiuch died in Warsaw on February 2, 2021 at the age of 93.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
Prime Ministers of Poland
Polish communists
Final Destination 3 is a 2006 American horror movie. This is the third movie of the Final Destination series.

Plot
A high school student named Wendy Christensen visits an amusement park with her boyfriend Jason, best friend Carrie Dreyer and Carrie's boyfriend Kevin for their senior class field trip. When they board the Devil's flight roller coaster, Wendy has a premonition that the roller coaster will have an accident. When Wendy panics, a fight breaks out and several people leave or are forced off the ride. As they leave, the roller coaster goes off its tracks and kills the remaining passengers, including Carrie and Jason.
Cast
 Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Wendy Christensen
 Ryan Merriman as Kevin Fischer
 Kris Lemche as Ian McKinley
 Alexz Johnson as Erin Ulmer
 Sam Easton as Frankie Cheeks
 Jesse Moss as Jason Wise
 Gina Holden as Carrie Dreyer
 Texas Battle as Lewis Romero
 Chelan Simmons as Ashley Freund
 Crystal Lowe as Ashlyn Halperin
 Amanda Crew as Julie Christensen
 Maggie Ma as Perry Malinowski
 Ecstasia Sanders as Amber Regan
 Dustin Milligan as Marcus
 Cory Monteith as Kahill
 Agam Darshi as Laura
 Dylan Basile as Sean

Release
Final Destination 3 was released on February 10, 2006 under New Line Cinema. The movie is rated R for violence, profanity and sexual situations.

Box office
The movie took in $19,173,094 on its opening weekend. Worldwide, it got $186,187,139.

Reception

Critical response
The movie received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 43% rating.

Awards
The movie was nominated at the 33rd Saturn Awards for Best Horror Film and Best DVD Special Edition Release.

References
References

Other websites
 
 
 

2006 horror movies
American horror movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Sir Everton DeCourcy Weekes, KCMG, GCM, OBE (26 February 1925 – 1 July 2020) was a cricket player for the West Indies. Along with Frank Worrell and Clyde Walcott, he formed what was known as "The Three Ws" of West Indian cricket. He was born in Saint Michael, Barbados.

Weekes began his career in 1948. He scored 88 and 117 runs (retired) and was selected for the tour. He played his first match for Barbados on 24 February 1945. He was aged 19 years; it was one day before his 20th birthday. The match was against Trinidad and Tobago at Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain. Batting at number six, he scored 0 and eight runs. Barbados lost by ten wickets. He retired in 1958.

Weekes died on 1 July 2020 in Christ Church, Barbados at the age of 95.

References

1925 births
2020 deaths
Barbadian cricketers
West Indies cricketers
Precognition (also known as premonition or second sight) is an alleged psychic ability to see events in the future. However, as with most other forms of extra-sensory perception, there is no evidence any person has ever had precognition ability. But it still appears within movies, books and discussions within the parapsychology community.

Related pages
 Prediction
 Synchronicity

References

Pseudoscience
Parapsychology
CBRNE is an acronym for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive materials.  These materials are very dangerous, and can hurt many people.  When they are used on purpose, CBRNE materials are weapons of mass destruction.  However, CBRNE events can also happen accidentally.

A report from the White House in 2011 said "there is no greater danger to the [United States] than a terrorist attack with a weapon of mass destruction."  Because CBRNE weapons are so dangerous, countries around the world are working on preventing CBRNE attacks, and learning how to react to them if they do happen.

Types of CBRNE weapons

Chemical

The main types of chemical weapons are:
Nerve agents, which attack the central nervous system.  Examples include types of pesticides called organophosphates; sarin; and VX.
 Blister agents, which cause burns and blisters both inside and outside of the body.  Examples include the mustard gases.
 Blood agents, which make it impossible for the blood to carry oxygen to the body.  The most common blood agents are made with cyanide.
 Choking agents, which attack the lungs and make them fill with fluid.  This makes breathing impossible.  Examples include chlorine gas and phosgene.
 Incapacitating agents, which are designed to hurt a large number of people, and make it impossible for them to fight back, but without killing them. Examples include tear gas and pepper spray.

International laws make it illegal to use chemical weapons.  However, terrorists have ignored these laws.  For example, in 1995, terrorists attacked the subway in Tokyo, Japan, with sarin.

Biological
Biological

The goal of biological weapons is to get as many people sick with infectious diseases as possible.  Types of biological weapons include:
 Bacteria, like the bacteria that cause anthrax and plague
 Viruses, like the ones that cause smallpox, Ebola, and the flu
 Toxins (poisons made by living things), like ricin, botulism toxin, and aflatoxin

In 2001, a terrorist used a biological weapon against the United States by sending letters filled with anthrax through the mail to many different people.  Ricin has also been sent through the mail as a biological attack.

Radiological
A radiological weapon is any kind of weapon that spreads radiation.  For example:
 A dirty bomb which uses radioactive material to cause lasting effect on the environment
 Contaminating food or water supplies with radioactive contamination

In 2006, Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian spy, was murdered when someone put polonium-210, a radioactive material, in his food.
The White House's report says that there is radiological material all around the world that is not guarded.

Nuclear

N is for Nuclear explosion. This can occur one of two ways Fissure and Fusion. Fissure occurs when an atom is spliced apart forming two new atoms. This causes a discharge of energy. Fusion on the other hand forces two atoms together. The process breaks apart the atoms and fuses them together. The reaction discharges energy. 
Many countries have tested nuclear weapons.  World War II, the United States dropped two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 
In Hiroshima, the nuclear bomb destroyed  of the city, and killed 60,000 to 80,000 people right away.  More people later died from radiation sickness and cancer caused by radiation, so historians think about 135,000 people were killed by the one nuclear bomb that hit Hiroshima.

In Nagasaki, the nuclear bomb created about  of heat, and winds as fast as .  It killed somewhere between 39,000 and 80,000 people.
The United Nations later made the use of Nuclear weapons illegal which is largely due to the radiation that is brought along with as well as earthquakes and other natural disasters. While true to this day many countries still manufacture these weapons today.

Explosives
E as in explosives stands for high-yield explosive. High-yield explosive is materials that rapidly release large amounts of energy and produce a pressure shock wave during detonation. 

High-Yield Explosions can occur in labs and hospitals that contain compressed gas. One highly explosive gas is Acetylene which is commonly found under pressure to containment and later use. There are types of liquids like Nitroglycerin that can be subjected to pressure explosion as well.
Accidental CBRNE events
Examples of accidental CBRNE events include:
 Chemical: Accidental chemical spills (like an oil spill, or a dangerous chemical leaking out of a laboratory)
 Biological: Outbreaks of infectious disease (like a flu epidemic)
 Radiological: Accidental spills of radioactive chemicals in laboratories or hospitals (like a spill of uranyl nitrate, which is used to look at viruses under electron microscopes); accidents during radiation therapy
 Nuclear: Accidents at nuclear power plants like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island
 Explosive:  A person who is on oxygen for breathing problems lights a cigarette and accidentally blows up her entire apartment building

Photo gallery

References

Terrorism
Chemical warfare
Explosives
Infectious diseases
Nuclear weapons
Derry is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 33,109 at the 2010 census. Although it is a town and not a city, Derry is the fourth most-populous community in the state.

References

Towns in New Hampshire