Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Cruachan Power Station (also known as the Cruachan Dam) is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The turbine hall is located inside Ben Cruachan. Water is pumped between Cruachan Reservoir to Loch Awe, a height difference of . It is one of only four pumped storage power stations in the UK. It is capable of providing a black start capability to the National Grid.

Construction began in 1959 at the same time as the Hunterston A nuclear power station in Ayrshire. It was completed in 1965. Cruachan uses cheap off-peak electricity generated at night to pump water to the higher reservoir. It can then be released during the day to provide power as necessary. The power station is open to visitors. Around 50,000 tourists visit it each year.

References 

1965 establishments in the United Kingdom
Dams in Europe
20th-century establishments in Scotland
Argyll and Bute
The Steppe Geoglyphs are a number of Neolithic earth constructions in  the Turgay Trough area of Turgai in northern Kazakhstan.  There are at least 260 of these earthworks.

Many  or all of them are smaller earthworks  (mounds, trenches and ramparts) arranged with each other to make geometric and other shapes (composite figures).   These shapes are squares, rings and three others.  The composite figures range from  slightly under 90 m in length to over 400 m in diameter.
Besides being made of earth dug out and piled up, some of the geoglyphs are made by placing stones next to each other. 

Some of the large shapes have been given names, including Bestamskoe Ring, Ushtogaysky (or Ushtogay) Square, Turgay triradial swastika, Large cross Ashtasti, Ekedyn cross, Ashutasti ring, Kyzyloba line, Koga cross, and Shili square. 

Optical dating (optically stimulated luminescence)  was used to get a date for these structures. The results indicate that they date between eight and one thousand years ago.
The earthworks were discovered in 2007 by Dimitriy Dey.  He found them when he was looking at Google Earth. He had been looking for pyramids or similar structures in Kazakhstan. The geoglyphs were first reported to the scientific community in 2014.

Road construction in 2013 damaged one of the structures.

References

Additional sources
 Turgay Discovery Research project
 NASA photographs from space 
 Daily Gadget Gizmodo Reviews: Mystery of the ancient patterns in Kazakhstan: Space images reveal ‘remarkable’ structures including a cross and a swastika

Geography of Kazakhstan
The right to  fair trial is an essential right in all countries respecting the rule of law. A trial in these countries that is considered unfair will typically be restarted, or its verdict thrown out. Some of the rights that make a trial fair are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are clearly stated in the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. They are also stated in Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights, and in Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding international law that defines what is or is not a fair trial. For example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.

Related pages
Habeas corpus
Presumption of innocence

References 

Criminal justice
Due process is the legal requirement that the government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. When a government harms a person without following the exact course of the law, this is a due process violation, which offends the rule of law.

A judiciary process 
Due process has also been frequently interpreted as limiting laws and legal proceedings. This means that judges—instead of legislators—may define and guarantee basic fairness, justice, and liberty. This interpretation has proven controversial, and is seen as being closer to the concepts of natural justice, and procedural justice used in various other jurisdictions. This interpretation of due process is sometimes expressed as a command that the government must not be unfair to the people or abuse them physically.
History 
Due process developed from clause 39 of the Magna Carta in England. The Magna Carta called it "the law of the land" which became the more modern term due process. When English and American law gradually went in different directions, due process was not upheld in England, but did become part of the Constitution of the United States. It is found in the Fifth Amendment which says "No person shall…be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,". It is applied to all states by the Fourteenth Amendment.

In other legal systems 
Due process is not used in contemporary English law. But it recognizes two similar concepts are natural justice and the British constitutional concept of the rule of law. However, neither concept lines up perfectly with the American theory of due process. It contains many implied rights not found in the ancient or modern concepts of due process in England.
Islamic law provides for due process. It includes the presumption of innocence, the right to remain silent and a fair and public trial before a judge. There is no jury and both parties, the injured party and the accused, usually present their own cases.

Scandinavia gets high ratings by the World Justice Project. They were noted for their criminal justice system including their observance of due process. As of the 2013 Rule of Law Index, the Scandinavian countries were rated higher than the US for due process. The three lowest rated countries in the index were Afghanistan, Zimbabwe and Venezuela.

References

Other websites 
 WHAT IS DUE PROCESS? Icelantic Human Rights Centre
 Due Process Rights before EU Agencies
 Due Process in Islamic Criminal Law 
 Political Judging: When Due Process Goes International

Law
Legal terms
International law
Saskia Post (1 January 1961 – 16 March 2020) was American-born Australian actress. She is best known for her leading role in the 1986 movie, Dogs in Space, with Michael Hutchence. 

Post also acted in the 1985 AFI Award winning movie, Bliss and in the 1991 movie Proof. It was chosen as "Best Film" at the 1991 AFI Awards.

Early life and education 
Saskia Post was born in Martinez, California in 1961. Her family moved to Australia in 1975. In high school she studied acting and singing. After graduation, she spent a year attending acting workshops and dance classes in Sydney. Saskia then studied drama and arts at the University of New South Wales but dropped out after one year. She took acting classes at The Drama School in 1981.
Career 
Post got her first television role in 1982. She played Julianna Sleven, a Dutch refugee, in The Sullivans. The program was an Australian drama television series about a middle-class Melbourne family and the effect World War II had on their lives.  Post moved to Melbourne to work on the series for twelve months before leaving in 1984. That same year she had a role in the movie One Night Stand, as Eva, a bank teller from the Czech Republic.
 
In 1985, Post appeared in the AFI Award winning movie Bliss, as Honey Barbara's daughter. 

Post had a leading role in the 1986 movie Dogs in Space, directed by Richard Lowenstein. The movie is about a group of young musicians and music fans sharing a house in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond. Post plays Anna, the girlfriend of Sam (Michael Hutchence). Anna dies of a heroin overdose after trying the drug for a second time.
Post has also acted in many stage performances in Melbourne. These include Endgrain, Train to Transcience, Could I Have this Dance?, In Angel Gear, Figures in Glass, Skin and Vincent in Brixton.

Death
Post died of cardiac arrest at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne on 16 March 2020, aged 59.

References

Other websites 
 
Official Michael Hutchence Memorial Website | Saskia Post

1961 births
2020 deaths
Actors from California
Actors from Melbourne
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Deaths from cardiac arrest
The Roosevelt Island Bridge is a bridge in New York. It is a lift bridge. It connects Roosevelt Island in Manhattan to Astoria in Queens. It crosses the East Channel of the East River.  The bridge is the only route to the island for vehicles and foot traffic, except for public transportation.

History 
Construction of the bridge began on March 17, 1952. The cost was $6.5 million. It opened on May 18, 1955, as the Welfare Island Bridge. The name was changed to the Roosevelt Island Bridge in 1973.

Before the bridge was built, the only way vehicles could access Roosevelt Island was by using an elevator on the Queensboro Bridge. The elevator was torn down in 1970.
In 2001, the New York City Department of Transportation considered converting the Roosevelt Island Bridge into a fixed bridge. This was to reduce the cost of its maintenance. The bridge is rarely opened (raised for ships to go underneath), because most ships passing by Roosevelt Island use the West Channel of the East River. Most of the bridge openings occur in September during the General Assembly at the United Nations. During this time the West Channel is closed for security reasons.

Navigation 
When the bridge is raised for ships to go underneath, the distance between the water and the bridge is . The bridge is  wide. Its total length, including approaches, is . The main span (distance across) is  long.

The Roosevelt Island Bridge provides direct access to the 'Motorgate Parking Garage', which was designed to minimize vehicle traffic on the island. The garage was completed in 1974 and later expanded in 1990.

References
References

Other websites 
 Top Ten New York City Bridges
 New York City Department of Transportation Bridges

Queens (New York City)
Bridges in Manhattan
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage. Below is the list of sites in Chile.

History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.

Chile agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention in 1980.

List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has developed over time.  It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.

As of 2014, there are 17 places in Chile which are on the World Heritage List. 
 15 cultural sites  
 2 natural sites

There are 17 sites which are on a tentative list.

Table

Tentative List
The Tentative List consists of sites which have been nominated.  The evaluation process is not yet completed. Here is the list.
Related pages
 World Heritage Committee
 UNESCO World Heritage Site
 Table of World Heritage Sites by country
 List of World Heritage Sites in South America

References

Other websites

 UNESCO, World Heritage Sites

Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile-related lists
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones (informally known as The Bosstones) are an American ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts which formed in 1983. The Bosstones are widely credited as one of the originators of the genre of ska punk, a style which mixes the rhythms of ska music with the fast tempo and distortion of punk rock and hardcore punk.
 Their music is recognized for its prominent use of brass instruments as well as the deep, raspy voice of their lead singer Dicky Barrett. Their concerts are also notable for the presence of Ben Carr, a non-musician member of the Bosstones who dances onstage during the band's performances.
First becoming notable in the underground music scene, the Bosstones steadily grew in popularity throughout the mid-1990s. Their fourth album, 1994's Question the Answers, sold over 500,000 copies and became a gold record. In 1995, they appeared in the hit movie Clueless and in 1997, the band released their most successful album, Let's Face It, which sold over one million copies and spawned the hit single "The Impression That I Get", which charted at #1 on the Billboard Modern Rock Songs and entered the top 20 in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Although none of the Bosstones' future albums or singles were able to meet with the same kind of success, the band has kept a loyal following and continue to tour and record.

The Bosstones briefly disbanded in 2003, though reunited in 2007 to continue touring and recording. The band has released nine studio albums, three EPs and a live album.
Band members
Current members
Dicky Barrett - vocals (1983-present)
Joe Gittleman - bass guitar (1983-present)
Tim "Johnny Vegas" Burton - tenor saxophone (1983-present)
Ben Carr - dancer (1983-present)
Joe Sirois - drums (1991-present)
Kevin Lenear - alto and baritone saxophones (1991-1998, 2008-present)
Lawrence Katz - guitar (2000-present)
Chris Rhodes - trombone (2000-present)
John Goetchius - keyboards (2008-present)

Former members
Nate Albert - guitar (1983-2000)
Tim Bridewell - trombone (1983-1991)
Josh Dalsimer - drums (1983-1991)
Roman Fleysher - saxophone (1998-2008)
Dennis Brockenborough - trombone (1991-2000)

Discography
Devil's Night Out (1989)
More Noise and Other Disturbances (1992)
Don't Know How to Party (1993)
Question the Answers (1994)
Let's Face It (1997)
Pay Attention (2000)
A Jackknife to a Swan (2002)
Pin Points and Gin Joints (2009)
The Magic of Youth (2011)

References
References

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups from Boston
1983 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Massachusetts
2003 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
2007 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Massachusetts
2000s disestablishments in Massachusetts
Jämtkraft Arena is an association football stadium in the town of Östersund in Sweden. It was opened on 13 July 2007. Among the home teams are Östersunds FK and Östersunds DFF.

References

Other websites

Stadiums in Sweden
2007 establishments in Sweden
Nya parken is a sports ground in the town of Norrköping int Sweden. It was opened in 1903 as Norrköpings idrottspark. IFK Norrköping, IK Sleipner and IF Sylvia play their soccer home games there. Games were also played there during the 1958 FIFA World Cup and the 1992 UEFA European Championship

References

Other websites

 

1903 establishments in Sweden
Stadiums in Sweden
Football stadiums in Sweden
Norrköping
Norrporten Arena  is a sports ground in the town of Sundsvall in Sweden. It was opened as Sundsvalls idrottspark on 6 August 1903 as. It is currently used mostly for association football games. It is the home ground for GIF Sundsvall.

References

Other websites

 Norrporten Arena at gifsundsvall.se

1903 establishments in Sweden
Stadiums in Sweden
Football stadiums in Sweden
Sundsvall
The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation. Bede says this was by Cædmon (flourished 658–680). He was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced poetry at a monastery at Whitby. This is probably the earliest written Anglo-Saxon poetry we have.

Much of the poetry of the period is difficult to date, or even to arrange chronologically. Estimates for the date of the great epic Beowulf range from AD 608 through to AD 1000, and there has never been agreement.  

It is possible to identify some key moments. The Dream of the Rood was written before about AD 700, when parts were carved in runes on the Ruthwell Cross.  Some poems on historical events, such as The Battle of Brunanburh (937) and The Battle of Maldon (991), seem to have been written shortly after the events, so they can be dated reasonably precisely.
Anglo-Saxon poetry is known by the manuscripts in which it survives.  The most important manuscripts are from the late 10th and early 11th centuries. They are known as the Cædmon manuscript, the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, and the Beowulf manuscript.

Beowulf is the only heroic epic to have survived in its entirety, but fragments of others show that it was not unique in its time.  Other genres include much religious verse, from devotional works to biblical paraphrase. 

With one notable exception (the so-called Rhyming Poem), Anglo-Saxon poetry depends on alliteration for its structure. Any rhyme included is just ornamental.

References 

Poetry
English literature
A Jesus piece is a spiritual or religious piece of jewelry which shows the face of Jesus.  

Jesus pieces are popular in the Hip-Hop community. Many Hip-Hop artists and celebrities like The Notorious B.I.G. usually wear Jesus pieces, and will have them decorated with rare or expensive gems (jewels). 

Less expensive Jesus diamond pieces are also sold. They are made of things like wood or inexpensive metals.

History

The Notorious B.I.G.
The first Jesus piece was worn by Christopher Wallace (The Notorious B.I.G.).  It was made by Tito Caicedo, Wallace's jeweler (jewelry-maker).  Wallace had Caicedo make many more Jesus pieces, paying him about $10,000 for each. Wallace had worn some of these Jesus pieces himself, and gave others pieces to his peers. The Jesus pieces were decorated with expensive gems, especially on Jesus's hair.

References

Jewelry
"Unfaithful" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her second studio album A Girl like Me (2006). It was written by Shaffer "Ne-Yo" Smith with the song's producers StarGate. The song was released by Def Jam Recordings on May 2, 2006, as the second single from the album. It is a R&B song that is about cheating, it was also different because it was the first ballad Rihanna had released.
Live performances
"Unfaithful" has been performed by Rihanna many times, including on July 27, 2006, she performed the song on the MTV series, Total Request Live. Rihanna opened the 2006 MOBO Awards on September 20, 2006 at the Royal Albert Hall in London with a performance of "Unfaithful". On November 15, 2006, Rihanna performed the song at the 2006 World Music Awards, which also took place in London. Rihanna wore a long, purple gown. The song was also sung on her first major North American tour Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour (2006). On July 7, 2007, Rihanna together with other artists performed at the Live Earth Concerts, which were held to raise awareness of global warming. She performed "Unfaithful", "Shut Up and Drive", and "Umbrella".
"Unfaithful" was the twelfth song on the set list of Rihanna's Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (2007–2009), her first major world tour. Her performance in Manchester was released in the UK through iTunes and is featured on the Good Girl Gone Bad Live DVD. Rihanna was an opening act on some dates on Kanye West's Glow in the Dark Tour (2008–2009). Her set list featured "Unfaithful" and other songs from her 2007 release Good Girl Gone Bad including "Don't Stop the Music", "Shut Up and Drive" and "Umbrella". Following the release of her fourth studio album, Rated R (2009), in the UK, Rihanna performed a Nokia promotional concert at the Brixton Academy in London. She performed songs from the new release including "Russian Roulette", "Wait Your Turn" and "Hard", a song Rihanna performed with Young Jeezy. Rihanna performed "Unfaithful", and songs from her older albums, including "Disturbia", "Don't Stop the Music" and "Take a Bow", during this set.
In 2010, to promote her fourth album Rated R, Rihanna went on her second worldwide tour, Last Girl on Earth Tour (2010–11). "Unfaithful", which she performed while standing on a stage set with red baroque style curtains in the background, was the thirteenth song on the set list. On December 11, 2010, Rihanna was invited to appear on series seven of the UK version of The X Factor to perform her new single "What's My Name?. She also performed "Unfaithful" with finalist Matt Cardle, who later won the series. In June 2011, Rihanna embarked upon the Loud Tour, her third major worldwide tour. "Unfaithful" was the fourteenth song on the tour's set list. Rihanna performed the song on a levitating stage while wearing a long yellow dress and with a fan blowing her skirt up,

Track listings

European CD single / digital download
"Unfaithful" (Radio Edit) — 3:51
"Unfaithful" (Tony Moran Radio Mix) — 4:16

UK CD single
"Unfaithful" — 3:52
"SOS" (Moto Blanco Remix) — 8:37
CD maxi single
"Unfaithful" (Album Version) — 3:52
"Unfaithful" (Tony Moran Radio Mix) — 4:21
"Unfaithful" (Instrumental) — 3:49
"Unfaithful" (Video)

12" vinyl
"Unfaithful" (Radio Edit) — 3:52
"Unfaithful" (Instrumental) — 3:49
"Unfaithful" (Tony Moran Club Mix) — 8:48

Digital download (Remixes)
"Unfaithful" (Tony Moran Radio Mix) — 4:15
"Unfaithful" (Hamel Radio Edit) — 3:53
"Unfaithful" (Maurice's Radio Edit) — 3:28
"Unfaithful" (Tony Moran Club Mix) — 9:08
"Unfaithful" (Hamel Club Mix) — 8:48
"Unfaithful" (Maurice's Club Mix) — 6:57
"Unfaithful" (AOL Music Sessions) — 3:49

References

2006 songs
2000s ballads
Rhythm and blues ballads
Rihanna songs
Songs about infidelity
James Wilfred "Jimmy" Roberts (April 9, 1940 – October 23, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman and forward. He went by both the nicknames of Jimmy and Jim. Roberts played for the Montreal Canadiens and for the St. Louis Blues. He won two Stanley Cups during his career. He retired in 1978 after a twenty year career.

Roberts died on October 23, 2015 of cancer in St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 75.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Montreal Canadiens players
St. Louis Blues players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Philip Neville French OBE (28 August 1933 – 27 October 2015) was a British movie critic and former radio producer. French began his career in journalism in the late 1950s, before becoming a BBC Radio producer, and later a movie critic.

He began writing for The Observer in 1963, and continued to write criticism regularly there until his retirement in 2013.

French was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in December 2012. He died of a heart attack at the age of 82.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British critics
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English journalists
Movie critics
Writers from Liverpool
Nicolás Fuentes Fuentes (20 February 1941 – 28 October 2015) was a Peruvian football player. Fuentes made 17 appearances for the Peru national football team from 1965 to 1971, including playing at the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

Fuentes died from respiratory failure caused by diabetes in Lima, Peru, aged 74.

References

1941 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Deaths from diabetes
Footballers from Lima
Ernesto Boy Herrera (September 11, 1942 – October 29, 2015) was a Filipino politician. Herrera was born in Samboan, Cebu, on September 11, 1942.

He served as Senator of the Philippines. He has been a trade union leader, an advocate of law and order, and a legislator in the 8th, 9th and 10th Congresses. He served as the General Secretary of the Trade Union of Congress of the Philippines from 1983 until his death in 2015.

Herrera died from cardiac arrest in Makati, Philippines, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 Ernesto Herrera's website

1942 births
2015 deaths
Filipino politicians
Willis Allison Carto (July 17, 1926 – October 26, 2015) was a known American figure on the American far right.  He called himself aJeffersonian and populist, but was known for his promotion of conspiracy theories and Holocaust denial.

Early life
Carto was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Career
Carto was thought to be one of America's most influential political racial theorists through the Liberty Lobby and successor organizations which he helped create. Carto ran a group supporting segregationist George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign which formed the basis for the National Youth Alliance which promoted Francis Parker Yockey's political philosophy.

Death
Carto died from cardiac arrest in Virginia at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 Willis Carto Interviewed on RBN Radio, April 12th, 2007 -  MP3
 FAQ: Willis Carto & The Institute for Historical Review 
 Ron Paul Friends and Supporters
 ADL: Willis A. Carto: Fabricating History
 Barnes Review
 History Commons 
 Willis Carto Timeline
1926 births
2015 deaths
American activists
American journalists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Holocaust deniers
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Writers from Indiana
"Superstition" is a funk and R&B ballad from Stevie Wonder. The song hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100 in January 1973. It also hit #1 on the U.S. soul singles chart.

The song advises not to believe in theories such as  superstitions and the song references how adults blame children for the bad luck they have faced - ''thirteen month old baby broke the looking glass''. The song became Stevie's signature song and is his most performed live. On the charts it was succeeded by Timmy Thomas's ''Why Can't We Live Together''

The song has been covered by The Jackson 5, Jeff Beck, Stevie Ray Vaughan and JoJo, among others.

References

R&B songs
1972 songs
Stevie Wonder songs
Jeff Beck songs
Stevie Ray Vaughan songs
The Jackson 5 songs
JoJo (singer) songs
Ants Antson (11 November 1938 – 31 October 2015) was an Estonian speed skater. He competed for the Soviet Union. 

Antson had his best year in 1964, when he became European Allround Champion on the 1500 m at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, and set a new world record on the 3000 m. For his achievements that year, he received the Oscar Mathisen Award. He retired after the 1968 Winter Olympics.

References

Other websites
 Ants Antson at SpeedSkatingStats.com
 Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
 Evert Stenlund's Adelskalender pages 
 Results of Soviet Championships at SpeedSkating.ru 
 Legends of Soviet Sport (in Russian)

1938 births
2015 deaths
1964 Winter Olympics
1968 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Tallinn
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Speed skaters
Västanfors IF is a sports club in the town of Fagersta in Sweden. The club is nicknamed Västanfläkt ("Western Wind").

The club mainly runs bandy, and soccer. It earlier also ran floorball. The team colours are red and white. The club was founded in 1916.

The club has played 32 seasons in the Swedish top division. It won the Swedish national championship in 1954. The club played in the Swedish bandy top division since 2007. In 2012 the club was relegated to Division 1 in 2012.

The club also ran floorball acticity during the 1980s. The women's floorball team won the Swedish national championship in 1983 and 1985 and also won a silver medal in 1984.

References

Other websites
Västanfors IF BK  
Västanfors IF FK 

1916 establishments in Europe
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Floorball clubs in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
1910s establishments in Sweden
A vertical-lift bridge or lift bridge is a type of movable bridge in which a span rises vertically while remaining parallel with the road surface.

The vertical lift offers several benefits over other movable bridges such as the bascule and swing-span bridge. They are generally easier to design and easier to build. They usually cost less to build for longer moveable spans. The counterweights in a vertical lift bridges are only required to be equal to the weight of the deck. Bascule bridge counterweights must weigh several times as much as the span being lifted.  As a result, heavier materials can be used in the deck, and so this type of bridge is especially suited for heavy railroad use.
Although most vertical-lift bridges use towers, each with counterweights. Some use hydraulic jacks located below the deck. An example is the  span bridge at St Paul Avenue in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Another design used balance beams to lift the deck with pivoting bascules located on the top of the lift towers. An example of this kind is the La Salle Street Bridge in Chicago, Illinois, USA.

The biggest disadvantage to the vertical-lift bridge is the height restriction for ships passing under it. This is a result of the deck remaining suspended above the water.

References 

Bridge types
Rachel Ashley Platten (born May 20, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter. She is best known for her 2015 single "Fight Song". The song was successful worldwide, including in the United States, Australia and Canada.

Platten was born on Manhattan, New York City. She grew up in Newton, Massachusetts.

References

1981 births
Living people
American pop singers
Musicians from Manhattan
Singers from Massachusetts
Singer-songwriters from New York City
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Västerstrands AIK is a sports club in Karlstad, Sweden. The club was founded on 11 October 1940. It only runs a women's bandy team.

The women's bandy team has won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2001, and 2002. It has also been runner-up several times. The team colours are black and yellow.

References

Other websites 
 Västerstrands AIK  

1940 establishments in Europe
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Karlstad
1940s establishments in Sweden
Melvin Joe Daniels (July 20, 1944 – October 30, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the American Basketball Association (ABA) for the Minnesota Muskies, Indiana Pacers, and Memphis Sounds, and in the National Basketball Association for the New York Nets. Daniels was a two-time ABA Most Valuable Player and a seven-time ABA All-Star. He was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012.

Daniels died on October 30, 2015, at the age of 71. He had recently undergone heart surgery.

References

Other websites
 ABA Records

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Indiana Pacers players
Sportspeople from Detroit
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
IFK Luleå is an sports club in the town of Luleå in Sweden. It was founded on 20 September 1900. The club played in the Swedish men's top association football top division in 1971.

References

Other websites 
 IFK Luleå - official website

1900 establishments in Sweden
Luleå
Swedish football clubs
IFK Holmsund is a sports club Holmsund in Sweden. It was founded on 8 June in 1923 The men's soccer team plays its home games at Kamratvallen. The club participated in the Swedish men's soccer top division in 1967.

Notable players
Vinnie Jones (1986)

References

Other websites
Official website  

1923 establishments in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Metrojet Flight 9268 (KGL 9268/7K9268) was an international chartered passenger flight. On 31 October 2015, it left Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt flying to Saint Petersburg, Russia. It crashed in the Sinai desert 23 minutes after it took off. 

It reached an altitude of 31,000 ft (9,400 m) when it disappeared from radar. The aircraft, an Airbus A321-231, was carrying 217 passengers and seven crew members. As well as the crew, 214 of those aboard were Russian. The remaining three were Ukrainian, mostly tourists.

All 224 people were killed. The crash became the deadliest in Egyptian history.

Passengers and crew
Flight 9268 was carrying 217 passengers, of which 25 were children, plus seven crew members. The captain of the flight was 47-year-old Valery Yurievich Nemov and the first officer was Sergei Stanislavovich Trukhachev. According to the airline, captain Nemov had amassed more than 12,000 hours of flight time, including 3,800 hours on this aircraft type. First officer Trukhachev had 5,641 hours of flight time, including more than 1,300 hours on the aircraft type.

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015
2010s in Egypt
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist attacks
Terrorist incidents in 2015
2015 in Africa
No Gravity is the second studio album by Barbadian recording artist Shontelle, released on September 21, 2010 by SRC Records.

Review

No Gravity received mixed reviews.

Track listing

Release history

Charts

References

2010 albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
The Växjö Lakers HC is an ice hockey club in the town of Växjö in Sweden. It was established in 1997. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015, 2018 and 2021.

References

Other websites

Official website

Ice hockey teams in Sweden
Växjö
1997 establishments in Sweden
Fishers is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 76,794.

References

Cities in Indiana
The phrase law of the land (Latin lex terrae) is a legal term. It means all of the laws in force within a country or region. The term was first used in the Magna Carta. It was used to mean the laws of the kingdom. This was distinct from Roman law or civil law. In the United States, the Constitution declares it is the "supreme law of the land." It is the same as due process of law as justified by the Constitution.

History 
While the Magna Carta first used the term, it did not actually become the law of the land until the reign of Edward I of England. It became closely associated with another phrase that helped define the law of the land' due process. During the reign of Edward II the Liberty of Subjects Act of 1354 stated:
 The law of the land and the Liberty of Subjects act remained in use in England. Both were used in colonial charters and common law. They became part of US laws after the American colonies declared their independence from England in 1776.

References 

Law
Legal terms
The 1980 New Orleans Saints season was the team's 14th season in the National Football League.

History 
They were the first NFL team to finish a season with 1 win and 15 losses. 

Their only win was against the New York Jets in week 15. They had trailed 7-13, but Archie Manning threw a touchdown to Tony Galbreath to lead 14-13 and would throw another one to win 21-20. Fans called their team the "Ain'ts" because of how they began with no wins and 12 losses by losing to the Rams 7-27.

One of the Saints' notable losses was in week 14 in San Francisco, California. The Saints were actually leading 35-7. However, the San Francisco 49ers ended up beating them in overtime, 38-35 on a game-winning field goal. The comeback is one of the best comebacks in NFL history.
8 other teams have finished a season with 1 win and 15 losses after the 1980 Saints. These teams include the 1989 Cowboys, the 1990 Patriots, the 1991 Colts, the 1996 Jets, the  2000 Chargers, the 2001 Panthers, the 2007 Dolphins, the 2009 Rams, the 2016 Browns, and the 2020 Jaguars. The Detroit Lions in 2008 and the Cleveland Browns in 2017 would exceed it by losing all 16 games.

Schedule

References 

1980 in sports
1980 in the United States
National Football League seasons
New Orleans Saints
1980s in Louisiana
20th century in New Orleans
Legal process (or sometimes "process"), are the proceedings in any civil lawsuit or criminal prosecution. It also describes the formal notice or writ used by a court to exercise jurisdiction over a person or property. This process is usually "served" upon a party, to require that party to come to court. It may take the form of a summons, mandate, subpoena, warrant, or other written order issued by a court.

Related pages 
Civil procedure
Due process
Legal proceeding
Procedural law
Trial

References

Law
Legal terms
Accounting software is a program that can run on a computer to track the total value of a company. Accounting software can be downloaded to a computer or can be used through a browser window by logging into a website.

Before computers all accounting information was stored in books called "ledgers". A general ledger was the book where the accountant wrote down all payments that came into a company and all payments that were made. A common term for keeping track of this information is called "keeping the books". A bookkeeper is another term for an accountant, but can sometimes means a person who does accounting but maybe doesn't have as much formal education as an accountant.

Accounting software can automate many of the more menial tasks of accounting. For example, many accounting software companies automatically pull in bank information. Instead of having to put in the payments made and cashed received, the program does it for you.
What accounting software does 
 Manage purchases and sales
Manage Inventory
Keeps track of customers
 Keeps track of payments and income
 Records all financial transactions
 Can help you put all your expenses and income into the right category
 Invoice creation

Popular examples
 Quickbooks
 SAGE
 PeachTree

Accounting
Software
Nicomaine Dei Capili Mendoza, popularly known as Maine Mendoza or Yaya Dub, is a Filipina actress, comedienne, internet celebrity, host, and model.

Mendoza was discovered because of her viral Dubsmash Videos in the internet. In the noontime show Eat Bulaga's Kalyeserye, she was cast as Yaya Dub, the maid of Grandma Nidora (portrayed by actor Wally Bayola). Her accidental pairing to actor Alden Richards led to the formation of the love team AlDub.

Biography
Maine Mendoza was born in the province of Bulacan on March 3, 1995. Her parents were Mary Ann and Teddy Mendoza. She has two brothers and two sisters and all of their names start with Nico. She finished her elementary education at St. Paul School of Sta. Maria Bulacan and high school at St. Paul College of Bocaue. She completed a bachelor's degree in Hotel, Restaurant and Institution Management major in Culinary Arts at De La Salle-College of St. Benilde.
Mendoza rose to popularity because of her viral Dubsmash Videos of celebrities like Kris Aquino. Her famous character Yaya Dub first appeared on July 5, 2015. Her character was accidentally paired to the actor Alden Richards which led to the formation of the love team AlDub. In Kalyeserye, the two communicated each other through the use of audio samples and handwritten messages shown on the split screen. Mendoza and Richards will have their first film together, My Bebe Love, at the end of year 2015. This movie will be Mendoza's first film debut.

References

Other websites

Living people
Filipino actors
1995 births
Filipino television presenters
Ölmbrotorp is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 548 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Odensbacken is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,374 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Latorpsbruk is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 597 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Norra Bro is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 687 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Stora Mellösa is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 776 people lived there.

References

Settlements in Orebro County
Askersby is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 243 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Ekeby-Almby is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,271 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Hampetorp is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 297 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Kilsmo is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 263 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Vintrosa is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,343 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Lanna is a locality in both Lekeberg Municipality and Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 537 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
A tower house is a tower that has been built for two purposes: First, it has been built so that it is easy to defend, and secondly, it serves as living quarters. Tower houses first appeared in the Middle Ages, in mountainous or limited access areas. They were built there to both command and defend strategic points with a small force. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence. Very often, a castle town was constructed around these houses.
Houses
Towers
Sceptrum Brandenburgicum (or Sceptrum Brandenburgium – Latin for scepter of Brandenburg) was a constellation. It was created in 1688 by Gottfried Kirch, astronomer of the Prussian Royal Society of Sciences. It represented the scepter (a symbol of royalty or power) used by the royal family of the Brandenburgs. It was located west of the constellation of Lepus. The constellation was quickly forgotten and is not official any more. It led to a star later being called Sceptrum. That star is now called 53 Eridani.

Other websites
 Sceptrum Brandenburgium
Startales

Former constellations
1688
Judge Rinder is a British reality television show. It has aired daily on ITV from 11 August 2014. Robert Rinder is the judge of the show. He judges cases about arguments that are usually about money, but it can be different. The program takes place in a small-claims courtroom. The show has the same format as American court shows like Judge Judy and Judge Mathis. A case takes an hour to film. It is edited down to fit a number of cases into the given time slot.

Series 
Series 2 and 3 episodes are being aired at the same time. A total of 100 episodes were ordered for the two series.

British reality television series
2014 television series debuts
2014 establishments in the United Kingdom
English-language television programs
Täby Church () is a medieval church in Täby Municipality in Sweden. It was belongs to the Church of Sweden and was built during the 13th century. On its walls and ceilings are paintings by Albertus Pictor.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden churches
13th-century buildings and structures‎
The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.


November 2015
November 1 - Fred Thompson, 73, American politician and actor (Die Hard 2, Law & Order, Sinister), U.S. Senator from Tennessee (19942003), prosecutor who discovered Watergate tapes, lymphoma.
 November 1 - Günter Schabowski, 86, German politician, editor-in-chief of Neues Deutschland (19781985), prematurely announced fall of the Berlin Wall, complications of a stroke.
 November 1 - Charles Duncan Michener, 97, American entomologist.
 November 2 - Andrzej Ciechanowiecki, 91, Polish art historian.
 November 3 - Adriana Campos, 36, Colombian actress (Vecinos), traffic collision.
 November 3 - Tom Graveney, 88, English cricketer (Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, England), Parkinson's disease.
 November 3 - Ahmed Chalabi, 71, Iraqi politician, Deputy Prime Minister (20052006), President of the Governing Council (2003), heart attack.
 November 3 - Howard Coble, 84, American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from  (1985–2015), complications from surgery.
November 4 - Piotr Domaradzki, 69, Polish-born American journalist (Dziennik Związkowy), essayist and historian, injuries sustained from a house fire.
 November 4 - Melissa Mathison, 65, American screenwriter (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, The Black Stallion, Kundun), neuroendocrine cancer.
 November 4 - René Girard, 91, French-American historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science.
 November 4 -Ole Knapp, 83, Norwegian politician.
 November 5 - Nora Brockstedt, 92, Norwegian singer.
 November 5 - Czesław Kiszczak, 90, Polish communist-era politician, Prime Minister (1989) and Minister of Interior and Administration (1981–1990).
 November 5 - George Barris, 89, American custom car designer (Batmobile, Wagon Queen Family Truckster), cancer.
 November 5 - Hans Mommsen, 85, German historian of Nazism and The Holocaust.
 November 6 - José Ángel Espinoza, 96, Mexican singer, composer and actor (House of Evil, Two Mules for Sister Sara), pneumonia.
November 6 - Yitzhak Navon, 94, Israeli politician, President (1978–1983).
 November 7 - Gunnar Hansen, 68, Icelandic-born American actor (The Texas Chainsaw Massacre), pancreatic cancer.
 November 8 - Rhea Chiles, 84, American philanthropist, First Lady of Florida (19911998).
 November 8 - Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero, 73, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk and Socialist activist, multiple organ failure.
 November 9 - Ernst Fuchs, 85, Austrian painter, co-founder of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism.
 November 9 - Tommy Hanson, 29, American baseball player (Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Angels), multiple organ failure.
 November 10  - Allen Toussaint, 77, American musician, producer, songwriter ("Fortune Teller", "Working in the Coal Mine") and arranger, heart attack.
 November 10 - Pat Eddery, 63, Irish jockey, eleven-time Champion Jockey, four-time Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winner, three-time Lester Award and Epsom Derby winner, cirrhosis.
 November 10 - André Glucksmann, 78, French philosopher and writer.
November 10 - Laurent Vidal, 31, French Olympic triathlete (2008, 2012), heart attack.
 November 10 - Helmut Schmidt, 96, German politician, Chancellor of West Germany (1974-1982), complications from surgery.
 November 10 - Tim Valentine, 89, American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from  (1983–1995), heart failure.
 November 10 - Gene Amdahl, 92, American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, pneumonia.
 November 10 - David Atlas, 91, American meteorologist, complications from a stroke.
 November 10 - Klaus Roth, 90, German-born British mathematician, recipient of the Fields Medal (1958).
 November 11 - Phil Taylor, 61, English drummer (Motörhead).
 November 12 - Márton Fülöp, 32, Hungarian football player (Sunderland), cancer.
 November 12 - Aaron Shikler, 93, American artist, kidney failure.
 November 12 - Jihadi John, 27, Kuwaiti-born British terrorist, member of the Islamic State, reported killed in drone strike.
November 13 - Notable French people killed in the November 2015 Paris attacks:
Thomas Ayad, music executive (Mercury Records France).
Guillaume B. Decherf, 43, music critic and journalist (Les Inrockuptibles).
Alban Denuit, 32, visual artist.
Matthieu Giroud, 39, geographer (University of Marne-la-Vallée).
 November 14 - Warren Mitchell, 89, British actor (Till Death Us Do Part, Death of a Salesman) and comedian.
 November 14 - Nick Bockwinkel, 80, American professional wrestler (AWA).
 November 14 - Berugo Carámbula, 70, Uruguayan actor (Son Amores) and comedian, complications from Parkinson's disease.
 November 15 - Saeed Jaffrey, 86, Indian-British actor (The Man Who Would Be King, Shatranj Ke Khilari, My Beautiful Laundrette), brain hemorrhage.
 November 15 - Herbert Scarf, 85, American mathematician, heart failure.
 November 15 - Dora Doll, 93, French actress (Manon, French Cancan, Julia), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
November 15 - Vincent Margera, 59, American reality television personality (Viva La Bam, Jackass), kidney and liver failure.
 November 15 - Nicoletta Machiavelli, 71, Italian actress (Navajo Joe, The Hills Run Red, Bawdy Tales), cancer.
 November 15 - Moira Orfei, 83, Italian circus artist and actress (Scent of a Woman, The Birds, the Bees and the Italians), complications from a stroke.
 November 16 - Nando Gazzolo, 87, Italian actor (The Hills Run Red, Django Shoots First), complications from pneumonia.
 November 16 - David Canary, 77, American actor (All My Children, Bonanza), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
 November 16 - Michael C. Gross, 70, American graphic designer (Ghostbusters logo), cancer.
 November 16 - Bert Olmstead, 89, Canadian Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Toronto Maple Leafs), complications from a stroke.
 November 17 - Rahim Moeini Kermanshahi, 89, Iranian poet.