Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Beachlands is an outer suburb of Auckland. It was established in the 1920s. The development has increased from the 1950s, which makes it a beach holiday destination. It has a primary school, and its nearest high school is at Howick College or Botany Downs Secondary College.

References 

Towns in Auckland Region
Franklin Local Board Area‏‎
The Mönch is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. It lies at the end of a valley, and forms a highly recognisable group with Eiger and Jungfrau, nearby.

At the foot of the mountain, geldings (male, castrated horses) were brought during the summer. In the local dialect, these were called "Münche". The mountain was called "Münchenberg" at first, later "Münch", and finally "Mönch". From the language there's no relation to a monk.

In 1935, the height was given as . In 1993, this was corrected to , later to  and finally to 

Bernese Alps
The Tirukkuṟaḷ (), or shortly the Kural (), is a classic Tamil language text. It has 1,330 short couplets (two-line poem parts), or kurals, of seven words each. 

The text is divided into three books with aphorisms (sayings) on virtue (aram), wealth (porul) and love (inbam). It is thought as one of the greatest works ever written on ethics and morality. It is also known for its all-inclusiveness and secular nature.

History
People say Valluvar (full name Thiruvalluvar) wrote the work. The text has been dated from 300 BCE to the 5th century CE. The usual accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam (before 300 CE). Although language-based analysis suggests a later date of 450 to 500 CE and that it was composed after the Sangam period.

The Kural text is among the earliest systems of Indian epistemology (way of thinking of knowledge) and metaphysics (way of thinking of reality and being). The Kural is traditionally praised with epithets such as "the Tamil Veda" and "the Divine Book".
Contents
Written on the ideas of ahimsa (non-violence), it draws attention to non-violence and moral vegetarianism as good things for a person to do. Also, it highlights truthfulness, controlling your emotions and reactions, thankfulness, hospitality, kindness, goodness of one's wife, duty, giving, and so forth, besides covering a wide range of social and political topics such as kings, ministers, taxes, justice, forts, war, greatness of armies and soldier's honor, death sentence for the wicked, agriculture, education, not drinking alcohol and things that make people drunk or high. It also includes chapters on friendship, love, sexual unions, and home life. The text permanently redefined the cultural values of the Tamil land.
Reputation
The Kural has been liked and respected by experts from ethical, social, political, economic, religious, philosophical, and spiritual fields. These include Ilango Adigal, Kambar, Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer, Ramalinga Swamigal, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Karl Graul, George Uglow Pope, Alexander Piatigorsky, and Yu Hsi. The work remains the most translated, the most referred-to, and the most cited of Tamil literary works. 

The text has been translated into at least 40 languages. This made it one of the most translated ancient works. Ever since it came to print for the first time in 1812, the Kural text has never been out of print. Its author is praised for selecting the best virtues found in the known books and showing them in an manner that most people understand. The Tamil people and the government of Tamil Nadu have long revered and celebrated the text.

Citations

References

Classical primary sources
, புறநானூறு [Puranānuru] (Verse 34), See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
 
 Ilango Adigal, சிலப்பதிகாரம் [Silappathigāram], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
 Kambar, கம்பராமாயணம் [Kambarāmāyanam], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
 
 
 
 Seethalai Sāthanār, மணிமேகலை [Manimekalai], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
 Sekkiḻar, பெரிய‌ புராண‌ம் [Periya Puranam], See original text in Tamil Virtual University.
  See original text in Project Madurai.

Modern secondary sources

Books

Journals and magazines

Newspapers

Online 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Philosophy
Hindu texts
Secularism
Vegetarianism
Non-fiction books
2nd-century works
Indian literature
A source text is a piece of work (usually writing, sometimes speech) where information or ideas come from. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

In the study of history, people talk about primary (firsthand), secondary (secondhand) and tertiary (thirdhand) sources.

References 

Translation
History
Academia
Elliot Easton (born Elliot Steinberg, 18 December 1953 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American lead guitarist and singer. He sang background vocals for The Cars. He studied music at the Berklee College of Music.

Career
Easton released a solo album in 1985, Change No Change, with songs co-written with Jules Shear. A later band project, Band Of Angels, was formed with singer Danny Malone, and recorded one album, Band Of Angels, which was not released, but some selections were included in the Change No Change 1996 CD.

In 1998, Easton's rendition appeared on No Cats, an album by Stray Cats bassist Lee Rocker. He contributed guitar parts to "Rumblin' Bass" and "One Way or Another." According to both Easton and Rocker, the two have known each other since they were young boys growing up in New York.

Easton then joined Creedence Clearwater Revisited, the modern touring version of Creedence Clearwater Revival.

He has also played with Ric Ocasek as a solo artist.
Easton is currently a member of The New Cars, along with original The Cars member Greg Hawkes and singer/songwriter Todd Rundgren, along with former Utopia bassist/vocalist Kasim Sulton and The Tubes drummer Prairie Prince. In June 2006, the band released a live album, It's Alive!, which includes three new studio tracks.

He appeared and played the solo on the Click Five song "Angel To You (Devil To Me)".

American rock guitarists
The Cars members
Jewish American musicians
1953 births
Living people
Greg Hawkes (born October 22, 1952) is an American musician. He is best known as the keyboardist for the new wave band The Cars.

A native of Fulton, Maryland, Hawks attended Atholton High School, where he played in a band called Teeth. He then attended Berklee College of Music for two years, majoring in composition and flute. He left to play in various bands, including Martin Mull and his Fabulous Furniture, where he played flute, saxophones and clarinet. He also played in a band called Richard and The Rabbits, which included future Cars bandmates Ric Ocasek and Benjamin Orr. 

Greg Hawkes' most notable involvement was with The Cars. Hawkes pushed the limits of available technology and sequencing helping to forge the sound of the 1980s. His signature sounds include the Prophet-5 "touch sync" sound heard on "Let's Go" and "Hello Again" as well as arpeggiated and syncopated synth lines like on "Shake it Up" and "Heartbeat City".

References
References

American rock musicians
The Cars members
Musicians from Maryland
1952 births
Living people
Polow-Freache Jamal Fincher Jones (born October 15, 1977 or 1978), known by his professional name Polow da Don, is an American record producer and rapper. He rose to fame in late 2005 and early 2006 through hit singles by musicians such as Ludacris, Will Smith, Jamie Foxx, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nas, Usher, Nelly, G-Unit and Mario.

Early life
Polow was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was born in Japan. As a teenager in the mid-1990s, Polow listened to groups such as UGK, the Geto Boys, and 8Ball & MJG. His younger sister, Karesha, helped him learn to play the keyboards and use MPC equipment. Polow played football and basketball for the Mount Vernon Christian Academy prep school. After earning good grades, he enrolled in Morehouse College. While in the middle through a bachelor's degree in accounting, he left college to pursue a rap career with his rap group Jim Crow.
Career
The group signed to Sony Records in 1999, where they released two albums, Crow's Nest (1999) and Right Quick (2001), before being dropped. Though disappointed, Polow formed a Southern hip hop group with Bubba Sparxxx, Sean P, Pastor Troy, G Rock, and Timbaland. However, they also parted ways without any releases. Polow started making beats around 2001. His first beat tape of his came to Interscope Records president Jimmy Iovine. The beats were eventually used for the tracks "Runaway Love" by Ludacris, "Buttons" by the Pussycat Dolls, and "This Is the Life" by Tru-Life.

References

1978 births
Living people
21st-century American rappers
American hip hop musicians
American record producers
Rappers from Atlanta
The 1998-99 Austrian Cup  was the cup competition in Austrian football. SV Ried were the defending champions.

Round 2 
First round with teams from the first and second league.

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

References

Austrian Cup
1999 in association football
1999 in Europe
1990s in Austria
Works
One of his best known productions is the hit song "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen. He also produced artists such as Nazareth, Guns N' Roses, The Who, The Rolling Stones, David Bowie, The Cars, Foreigner, Journey, Pilot, Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe, T. Rex, Devo, The Stranglers, Dusty Springfield, Starcastle, T'Pau, Yes, Cheap Trick, Gasolin' and The Darkness. Most recently he has worked with The Smashing Pumpkins on their 2007 album Zeitgeist. In 2008 he produced in his Arizona recording studio "The Storm" which has become a gold record. In 2008 he produced a track on the Smashing Pumpkins EP American Gothic.

According to Jimmy Chamberlin, the only times Baker complained during the making of Zeitgeist were when he was denied permission to build a helipad on his California mansion and when he had to sell a castle he owned in England.

Discography
Roy Thomas Baker put production on:
Arnold Corns: "Man in the Middle" (1971 – released 1985)
Free: Fire and Water (1970)
Nazareth: Nazareth (engineer) (1971)
Nazareth: Exercises (1972)
Gasolin': Gasolin' 3 (1973)
Gasolin': Stakkels Jim (in English: "Poor Jim") (1974)
Queen: Queen (1973) (Credited as Roy Baker)
Queen: Queen II (1974)
Hawkwind: Hall of the Mountain Grill (1974)
Robert Calvert: Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters (1974)
Man :  Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics (1974)
The Trammps: ‘’The Legendary Zing Album’’ (1975)
Queen: Sheer Heart Attack (1974)
Queen: A Night at the Opera (1975)
Jet: Jet (1975)
Be-Bop Deluxe: Futurama (1975)
Gasolin': Gas 5 (1975)
Lewis Furey: The Humours Of (1976)
Pilot: Morin Heights (1976)
Ian Hunter: Overnight Angels (1976)
Gasolin': Efter endnu en dag (1976)
Starcastle: Fountains of Light (1977)
Starcastle: Citadel (1977)
Dusty Springfield It Begins Again (1978)
The Cars: The Cars (1978)
Queen: Jazz (1978)
Journey: Infinity (1978)
Journey: Evolution (1979)
Yes: Paris Sessions aka Golden Age Sessions (1979; unreleased)
Ron Wood: Gimme Some Neck (1979)
The Cars: Candy-O (1979)
Foreigner: Head Games (1979)
Alice Cooper: Flush the Fashion (1980)
The Cars: Panorama (1980)
The Cars: Shake It Up (1981)
Heavy Metal: "Motion Picture Soundtrack" (1982)
Cheap Trick: One on One (1982)
Devo: Oh, No! It's Devo (1982)
Fast Times at Ridgemont High: Motion Picture Soundtrack (1982)
Mötley Crüe: Too Fast for Love (1982)
Espionage: "Espionage" (1983)
Joe Lynn Turner: Rescue You (1985)
Jon Anderson: 3 Ships (1985)
American Anthem: "Motion Picture Soundtrack" (1986)
T'Pau: Bridge of Spies (titled T'Pau in the US) (1987)
Slade: You Boyz Make Big Noize (1987)
Ozzy Osbourne: No Rest for the Wicked (1988)
The Stranglers: 10 (1989)
Chris de Burgh: Spark to a Flame (1990)
Shy: Misspent Youth (1990)
Dangerous Toys: Hellacious Acres (1991)
The Stranglers: All Twelve Inches (1992)Wayne's World: Motion Picture Soundtrack (1992)
Local H: Pack Up the Cats (1998)
Caroline's Spine: "Attention Please" (1999)
The Darkness: One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005)
The Smashing Pumpkins: Zeitgeist (2007)
Transformers: "Motion Picture Soundtrack" (2007)
The Storm: Where The Storm Meets The Ground (2008)
The Smashing Pumpkins: American Gothic (2008)
Jimmy Chamberlin's This: "Great Civilization" (2010)
Maximilian Is King: Featuring Arthur Lynn and Nick Fowler "Songs To Kill Yourself With" (2012)
Yes: Heaven & Earth'' (2014)
British record producers
Living people
1946 births
Musicians from London
People from Hampstead
Garrett Robin Hamler, better known by his stage name Sean Garrett, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer.

Garrett is responsible for a series of chart-topping compositions, most notably "Yeah!" by Usher, Ciara's breakout song "Goodies", Teairra Mari's first single "Make Her Feel Good" and Chris Brown's first single "Run It!". He is in a production duo with Swizz Beatz, and together they produced several Beyoncé singles: "Diva", "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", "Upgrade U" and "Check on It". He also often writes over productions by Polow da Don. 

Garrett has also recently embarked on a career as a performer. He wrote and co-produced his own single "Grippin'".  His first album Turbo 919 was released June 24, 2008 on his own record label "Bet I Penned It Music".
Garrett's catchphrase appears on several songs he has produced, called "Smash on the radio, bet I penned it." Also, Sean Garrett has become good friends with Ludacris, who has collaborated on Garrett's first single from Turbo 919, "Grippin'". In return, Garrett was featured on Ludacris' "What Them Girls Like" with Chris Brown, the first single off Theater of the Mind. He worked on Ciara's third studio album Fantasy Ride in early 2009.   

Living people
21st-century American singers
American record producers
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Atlanta
A  protocol stack is a part of an operating system (OS) or device that is used to communicate with other things.  

Computers communicate in many ways.  A mobile phone contains several protocol stacks.  There are protocol stack for handling voice calls, Bluetooth and USB.  There is often a protocol stack that is used when reading a webpage on Wikipedia.  There are many other stacks that are used by phones.

Sometimes the protocol stacks work together. An example of this is when a person uses a Bluetooth headset for a voice call. One stack is used for the phone to communicate with the headset. Another stack is used to make the voice call.  The Bluetooth headset has its own bluetooth protocol stack.  

The protocol stacks are used to send and receive information.
Each layer of the protocol stack handles a different part of the communication.  There is a protocol stack with many different layers that are used to send data. Other layers are used to receive date. Often the data us sent and received at the same time.  When two things communicate with each other in a standard manner, this is known as a protocol.
Some layers within the protocol stack will work on reliability. They will send a message again if the first message was lost in communication.  Some layers will provide compatibility. They will let data to be communicated in different ways. They also let different types of data to be communicated in a standard manner.  Layers often handle a series of chunks of data. Some layers split the data into smaller chunks when sending it. This is called fragmentation. When the data is received, another layer puts the smaller chunks back together to form larger chunks or media streams. This is called reassembly.  Some layers may encrypt the data when it is sent. This is done so it cannot be read. A layer at the receiving side will remove the encryption.

The OSI model is a common way to think about protocol stacks.

Telecommunications
Elvis Williams (born 12 April 1981), better known as Blac Elvis, is an American record producer. He rose to fame in 2005 co-producing with Polow da Don. Producing hits for Ludacris, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nelly, Pussycat Dolls and Mario. He produced and co-wrote Beyoncé's hit single "Ego". Now he and his business partner, Grammy Award-winning songwriter/producer Harold Lilly, have launched their own record label called Mars On Sunday.

He has produced top 40 hit singles for Fergie ("London Bridge" and "Glamorous"), Ciara ("Promise"), Kelly Rowland ("Like This"), Mario ("Crying Out For Me"), Beyoncé ("Ego") and for Usher ("Lil Freak").

References

1981 births
Living people
Musicians from Mississippi
American hip hop musicians
American record producers
Bryan-Michael Cox (born December 1, 1977) is an award-winning American songwriter and record producer.

He has co-written and co-produced singles including: Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off"; Tamia's "Still"; Fantasia's "Only One U"; Danity Kane's "Ride For You"; LeToya's "Obvious"; Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You"; Toni Braxton's "Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)"; and Usher's "Confessions, Pt. 2". Cox has been producing professionally since 1998, receiving his first formal credit on 1999's "Get Gone" by the Houston R&B group Ideal.

History
Cox was born in Miami and grew up in Houston, where he attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts. While in the eleventh grade, he met and was mentored by Greg Curtis (who produced and co-wrote Keyshia Cole's 2006 hit "Love"). From Curtis, who had a studio in Houston, Cox learned the basic fundamentals of creating songs, including production, using audio equipment, recording, as well as songwriting and structuring.
During his senior year, he was joined at the school by singer Beyoncé and her former Destiny's Child group member LeToya Luckett. His friendship with Beyoncé and her belief in his talent resulted in his first "real" recording session, which consisted of doing three demo songs for the group then known only as "Destiny." Although the songs were never officially released, Cox expressed that the session really led him to know that he wanted to be a professional music producer.
In 1997, he moved to Atlanta to attend Clark Atlanta University (CAU), where he majored in music. However, the mean reason for his move was to get into the music industry. He looked for opportunities within the music industry. Based on information from a campus brochure, he sought out and obtained an unpaid internship with the Noontime production company, to gain experience and opportunities. His hard work paid off as his affiliation with Noontime led him to work with Jagged Edge, which led to him meeting Jermaine Dupri. Cox's relationship with Dupri soon led to producing and writing for Nivea, Monica, Da Brat and Lil' Bow Wow. Though Cox has since co-written and co-produced an extensive body of work (including Hot 100 #1 hits such as Mariah Carey's "Don't Forget About Us" plus Usher's "Burn," "Confessions, Pt. 2" and "U Got It Bad") and won two Grammy awards (for his work on albums by Carey and Usher), Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You" marked his first Hot 100 Top 5 hit without Dupri.

References
References

1977 births
American record producers
American songwriters
American hip hop musicians
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Ziarat is situated coordinates 35° 40' 26" North, 71° 55' 28" East located in lower Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan.

Educational institutions
Govt Higher Secondary School

Related pages
Laspur
Orghoch
Gahirat

References

Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Chitral District
Johntá Austin (born June 28, 1980) is a American singer-songwriter who won two Grammy Awards on Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Recordings.

History
Austin grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1989, at the age of eight, Austin hosted the daily television show, Kid's Beat on CNN. Covering current events, sports and the world of entertainment, Austin went on to become the Atlanta Bureau Chief for the CNN weekly news program, Real News for Kids and the reporter for the TBS half hour weekly, Feed Your Mind. Austin grew up singing in church choirs and wanted to become an actor, interviewing celebrities like Michael Jackson and Michael Jordan, among others, and in 1993 made his television debut on The Arsenio Hall Show, where he admitted he loved to sing and was offered to sing with Arsenio Hall's band.
He was originally signed in the mid-late '90s to RCA Records before being succeeded by R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. However, he ended up writing a few songs for him (including the hit "Sweet Lady") as well as writing for other artists.

Austin has been extremely busy and successful during the past several years. He co-wrote Mariah Carey's hit 2005 singles, "We Belong Together", "Don't Forget About Us", "It's Like That", and "Shake It Off" from her album The Emancipation of Mimi. Austin also co-wrote Mary J. Blige's single "Be Without You" from her #1 selling CD "The Breakthrough" and Monica's single "Everytime Tha Beat Drop" from her album The Makings of Me. He also appears as a guest artist on Jermaine Dupri's 2005 song "Gotta Getcha" and has co-written a few songs on Chris Brown's self-titled debut album in 2005, as well as Marques Houston's "Can I Call You" from her debut album in 2003.
Austin produced and was featured on the songs "Shortie Like Mine" and "Outta My System," both singles by rapper Bow Wow from his album The Price of Fame. Both songs were successful, "Shortie Like Mine" peaking at number 9, and "Outta My System" peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The release of his debut album, Love, Sex & Religion, has been repeatedly delayed, due in part to So So Def changing its affiliation from Virgin Music to Island Records.

References

Living people
1980 births
American singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
"I Love It" is a trap song by American rappers  Lil Pump and Kanye West. The song has guest vocals from comedian Adele Givens. It was released as a single on September 7, 2018. It is on Lil Pump's second studio album, Harverd Dropout. The song has sexual lyrics. Because of this, it premiered at the 2018 Pornhub Awards. The song was produced by West, as well as DJ Clark Kent and Lil Pump's collaborator, CBMix.

References 

Trap songs
2018 songs
Kanye West songs
Tales from the Punchbowl is the fourth studio album by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. The album was released on June 6, 1995. It was released again in 1996. 

The album went to number eight on the Billboard 200, an American music chart. It is the band's last studio album to get an RIAA certification. It is certified gold by the RIAA.

Track listing

References 

1995 albums
Interscope Records albums
Ussuriysk () is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River. It is  north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. It is about  from both the China–Russia border and the Pacific Ocean. Population: 

It used to be named Nikolskoye (until 1898), Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (until 1935), and Voroshilov (until 1957). It was named Ussuriysk in 1957.

Demographics 
Ethnic groups (2010):

 Russians – 91%
 Koreans – 3%
 Ukrainians – 2.4%
 Tatars – 0.5%
 Others – 3.1%
Architecture and monuments 
The central part of the city, including Lenina, Chicherina, Krasnoznamyonnaya, and Ageyeva Streets, is of historic value. On the central square there is a monument to the Red Guards and partisans, who died in the battles at Ussuriysk in June 1918. A monument to Vladimir Lenin is on the Railway Station Square. Steam locomotive YeL 629 is set on plinth as a memorial to three Bolshevik revolutionaries (Lazo, Lutsky, and Sibirtsev) who were allegedly burned alive by the White Guards in its firebox in 1920.

Notable people 

 Aleksandr Dvornikov (born 1961), army general

Twin towns and sister cities 

Ussuriysk is twinned with:

  Mudanjiang, China
  Changwon, South Korea

References 

Cities and towns in Primorsky Krai
Poverty porn, pornography of poverty, development porn, famine porn, or stereotype porn, is a type of media that uses a place's bad conditions. The bad conditions create sympathy and this sympathy can then be used to get money. This money will then go to charities or another type of cause. Poverty porn is also a word that can be used to criticize movies that objectify people in poverty for the sake of entertaining a watcher.

In politics 
In western culture, "poverty porn" is often used in politics as well. Some political parties may use it as a way to purposefully make misleading impressions of the lives of the poor. Other political parties use this term as the result of the welfare state.

In popular culture 
Poverty porn is often used modern pop culture. The idea of poverty porn has become popular in many movies and TV shows.
Reality TV 
The British television program The Hardest Grafter uses Poverty Porn this when it shows 25 of Britain's "poorest workers,". All of these workers have the shared objective of winning £15,000. They win this money through doing different tasks. Some sources say that this television show can be perverted and discriminatory. This is because the members of the show can only be poor.

Examples of works 

 Benefits Street
 Slumdog Millionaire
 Nomadland

References 

Poverty
Christopher "Tricky" Stewart (born January 4, 1974) is an American songwriter, music producer, music publisher, executive producer, recording industry executive and recording studio owner. In a career that spans 30 years, Stewart, at the helm of his company RedZone Entertainment, is responsible for more than 25 million records sold. He is known for producing many chart-topping pop and R&B singles, such as Beyoncé's "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", Britney Spears's "Me Against the Music", Mýa's "Case of the Ex", Rihanna's "Umbrella", Mary J. Blige's "Just Fine", Mariah Carey's "Touch My Body" and "Obsessed", Jesse McCartney's "Leavin'", Justin Bieber's "Baby", Ciara's "Ride", Nicole Scherzinger's "Your Love" and many others.

References 

1974 births
Living people
Musicians from Chicago
American record producers
Grammy Award winners
OMG Tour was a concert tour. It was the third one by American recording artist Usher. The tour, which visited North America, Asia, Europe and Australia, accompanies his sixth studio album, Raymond v. Raymond (2010), as well as his first extended play, Versus (2010). In late 2011, the tour was ranked seventh on Billboard's annual, "Top 25 Tours", earning nearly $75 million from 73 shows.
In the summer of 2010, Usher competed in a dance battle against fellow R&B artist Chris Brown at the Reggae Sumfest. The battle sparked an Internet buzz about the two possibly going on tour. This was further pushed by producer Jermaine Dupri alluding that the two artists may not be aware of this upcoming tour. The singers later took to Twitter to ask who the fans would like to see them perform with. On September 8, 2010, the singer announced his tour trip (and revealed that he was going solo) across North America. Due to demand many additional stops were added in Europe and Australasia. It is Usher's first arena tour since The Truth Tour in 2004. Introducing the tour, Usher said, "Live performance has always been my thing. It's my purpose to master and capture the moment every time I have you connected. For me, I wanted to make sure that it was state of the art
. I wanted to make sure that, in comparison to the other shows that are going on around the world, you get the type of experience that leave you saying, 'OMG.' [...] The look of the tour, it's a little futuristic but enough to capture your attention and leave you saying, 'OMG.' That's the whole point. With an incredible record, I wanted to also leave a great impression.
References

2010 establishments in the United States
2011 disestablishments in the United States
"The Way" is a song recorded by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. It features rapper Mac Miller. The song is from Grande's first studio album Yours Truly. It reached the Top 10 in The United States and United Kingdom. It was Grande's first successful song.

Track listings
 Digital download
 "The Way"  – 3:46
 "The Way"  – 3:46
 CD single
 "The Way"  – 3:48
 "The Way" – 3:10

References

2013 songs
Ariana Grande songs
Pop songs
Hip hop soul songs
R&B songs
Born in Berkeley, California, Aaron Cometbus began writing zines in 1981 with Jesse Michaels of Operation Ivy, and started his own after Jesse moved to Pennsylvania in October 1981. Aaron became an active participant in the Gilman Street Project and was a founding member of Crimpshrine, a highly influential punk rock band from the East Bay, which also featured Jeff Ott. After Crimpshrine's demise, Aaron formed Pinhead Gunpowder with a handful of people from the East Bay punk scene, including Mike Kirsch, Jason White and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day. Aaron has also played in a multitude of short-lived bands that usually only release a seven inch or two before breaking up, some of which include Astrid Oto, Cleveland Bound Death Sentence, Scooby Don't, Shotwell Coho, The Blank Fight, which includes Rymodee of This Bike Is A Pipe Bomb, EFS, Redmond Shooting Stars, Mundt and The Retard Beaters, T. Zatana, Colbom, and Harbinger, which also includes Robert Eggplant, formerly of Blatz, and John Geek of Fleshies
. He briefly played drums in SF's anarcho-syndicalist group, Strawman. He has been known to sit behind the This Bike Is A Pipe Bomb kite from time to time.
Band history
S.A.G. (East Bay CA; 1982-1984)
Crimpshrine (East Bay CA; 1984-1989)
Sweet Baby (AKA Sweet Baby Jesus) (East Bay/Northern CA; 1989-1990)
Pinhead Gunpowder (East Bay CA; 1991-2001; 2008)
Mundt (Northern CA; 1992)
Shotwell (San Francisco CA; AKA Shotwell Coho) (1994)
EFS (Berkeley CA; 1995)
Cosmetic Puffs (Eureka, Ca; 1995)
Redmond Shooting Stars (Seattle WA; 1995-1996)
Cleveland Bound Death Sentence (Minneapolis MN; 1997-1998; 2004)
The Retard Beaters (Chattanooga, TN; 1997-1998)
Harbinger (East Bay CA; 1998-1999)
The Blank Fight (Pensacola FL; 1999-2000)
Astrid Oto (Asheville NC; 1999-2001)
Colbom (San Francisco CA; 2001)
End of the World News (New York; 2002-2003)
Crybaby MacArthur (Brooklyn NY; 2004-2006)
The Thorns of Life (Brooklyn NY; 2008-2009)
Sub Rosa (Brooklyn NY; 2020-2022)

Living people
American rock drummers
American short story writers
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Jewish American writers
"Anti-Hero" is a pop-rock song by Taylor Swift. It was released on October 21, 2022. It is from Swift's tenth studio album, Midnights. The song's lyrics are about depression and self-loathing. This is because the song is inspired by Swift's nightmares and problems with self-loathing. It reached the top 10 on music charts in 38 countries. It broke the global and US records for the most streams for a song's first day on Spotify.

References 

2022 songs
Taylor Swift songs
Bill Bottrell (born 27 October 1952) is an American record producer, songwriter and musician, probably best known for his Grammy Award-winning collaboration with Sheryl Crow.

During the late 1980s, Bottrell worked with a number of major recording artists, including Madonna and Michael Jackson. In the early 1990s he formed his own recording studio and founded a musical "think tank" he called the "Tuesday Night Music Club". One of the resulting acts was Sheryl Crow, whose 1993 debut album (produced by Bottrell) was titled Tuesday Night Music Club. Her single "All I Wanna Do" from that album won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year for Bottrell and Crow.

Bottrell has worked with many other artists, including Alisha's Attic, Rosanne Cash, Thomas Dolby, Five For Fighting, Lisa Germano, Kevin Gilbert, Shelby Lynne, Linda Perry, Tom Petty, and Toy Matinee.

Other websites
Bill Bottrell official website

1952 births
American songwriters
American record producers
Living people
Christopher Neil (born 1948) is a British-Irish record producer, active during the 1980s and 1990s. 

He has worked with Sheena Easton, a-ha,  Dollar, Paul Nicholas, Kim Criswell, Morten Harket, Mike + The Mechanics, Johnny Logan, Marillion, The Moody Blues, The Other Ones, Paul Carrack, Marillion, Edyta Górniak and most of all, Celine Dion. 

He is the lead singer of the mid-1960s Manchester group The Chuckles.

References

British record producers
Irish musicians
1948 births
Living people
Batwheels is an American computer-animated superhero children's television series that premiered on September 17, 2022, on HBO Max, and on October 17, 2022, on Cartoon Network's preschool block, Cartoonito and November 5, 2023 on Netflix .

References

2020s American animated television series
2020s American children's television series
2022 American television series debuts
Action television series
Cartoon Network series
Cartoonito
English-language television programs
HBO Max original programming
The Kandrian wrinkled ground frog, Boulenger's wrinkled ground frog or Boulenger's Platymantis (Cornufer boulengeri) is a frog. It lives on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.  People have seen it as high as 1500 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of Oceania
This is a list of security hacking incidents.

1970s
1971 — a Vietnam War veteran named John Draper discovers that the give-away whistle in Cap'n Crunch cereal boxes perfectly reproduces a 2600 hertz tone. Draper builds a "blue box" that, when used with the whistle and sounded into a phone receiver, allows phreaks to make free calls. Shortly afterwards, Esquire magazine publishes "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" with instructions for making a blue box, and wire fraud in the United States escalates. 
 1972 — Abbie Hoffman helps found The Youth International Party Line newsletter. Hoffman's publishing partner, Al Bell, changed the YIPL newsletter's name to TAP, for Technical Assistance Program.
 1972 — The InterNetworking Working Group is founded to govern the standards of the developing network. Vinton Cerf is the chairman and is known as a "Father of the Internet."
 1973 — college kids Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, future founders of Apple Computer, begin making and selling blue boxes.
1978 — First report of teen-age boys being kicked off the telephone system for pranks.
 Bulletin boards - with names such as Sherwood Forest and Catch-22 - become the venue of choice for phreaks and hackers to gossip, trade tips, and share secret phone numbers  computer passwords and even credit card numbers.
 Susan Thunder is one of the early "phone phreakers," part of Kevin Mitnick’s crew who break into phone lines.
1980s
 1981 — Chaos Computer Club forms in Germany.
 1982 — In Milwaukee a group of six teenagers hackers calling themselves the 414's (their area code) break into some 60 computer systems at institutions ranging from the Los Alamos Laboratories to Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center before being arrested.
 1983 — Movie WarGames introduces the wider public to the phenomenon of hacking.
 1983 — Secret Service gets jurisdiction over credit card and computer fraud.
 1984 
 Someone calling himself Lex Luthor founds the Legion of Doom. Named after a Saturday morning cartoon, the LOD had the reputation of attracting "the best of the best" — until one of the gang's brightest young acolytes, a kid named Phiber Optik, feuded with Legion of Doomer Erik Bloodaxe and got tossed out of the clubhouse. Phiber's friends formed a rival group, the Masters of Deception.
 The Comprehensive Crime Control Act gives the Secret Service jurisdiction over computer fraud.
CULT OF THE DEAD COW forms in Lubbock, Texas and begins publishing its ezine.
 The hacker magazine 2600 begins regular publication, right when TAP was putting out its final issue.  The editor of 2600, "Emmanuel Goldstein" (whose real name is Eric Corley), takes his handle from the leader of the resistance in George Orwell's 1984. The publication provide tips for would-be hackers and phone phreaks, as well as commentary on the hacker issues of the day. Today, copies of 2600 are sold at most large retail bookstores.
 The first Chaos Communication Congress, the annual european hacker conference organized by the Chaos Computer Club, is held in Hamburg
 1985 — The online 'zine Phrack is established.
 1986 — After more and more break-ins to government and corporate computers, Congress passes the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which makes it a crime to break into computer systems. The law, however, does not cover juveniles.
 1987 — Decoder magazine begins in Italy.
1987 — The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is created to address network security.
 1988
 The Morris Worm: Robert T. Morris, Jr. (RTM), a graduate student at Cornell University and son of a chief scientist at a division of the National Security Agency, launches a self-replicating worm on the government's ARPAnet (precursor to the Internet) to test its effect on UNIX systems. The worm gets out of hand and spreads to some 6000 networked computers, clogging government and university systems. Morris is dismissed from Cornell, sentenced to three years' probation, and fined $10,000.
 Kevin Mitnick secretly monitors the e-mail of MCI Communications and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) security officials. Kevin Mitnick is convicted of violating computer network of DEC and sentenced to a year in jail.
 Kevin Poulsen — was indicted on phone-tampering charges. Kevin went on the run and avoided capture for 17 months.
 First National Bank of Chicago is the victim of $70-million computer theft.
 1989
1989
 The Germans and the KGB: In the first cyberespionage case to make international headlines, hackers in West Germany (loosely affiliated with the Chaos Computer Club) are arrested for breaking into U.S. government and corporate computers and selling operating-system source code to the Soviet KGB. Three of them are turned in by two fellow hacker spies, and a fourth suspected hacker commits suicide when his possible role in the plan is publicized. Because the information stolen is not classified, the hackers are fined and sentenced to probation. In a separate incident,
 Arrest of a hacker who calls himself The Mentor. He publishes a now-famous treatise that comes to be known as the Hacker's Manifesto.
 Fry Guy is raided by law enforcement; police hunt for Legion of Doom hackers.
 Jude Milhon (aka St Jude) and R. U. Sirius launch Mondo 2000, a major '90s tech-lifestyle magazine, in Berkeley, California.
A woman who goes by the handle Natasha Grigori started out in the early starts running a bulletin-board system for software pirates. Now, at age “40-plus,” she’s the founder of antichildporn.org, a group of hackers who use their skills to track kiddie-porn distributors and pass the information on to law enforcement.
1990 — Operation Sundevil introduced.  After a prolonged sting investigation, Secret Service agents swoop down on organizers and prominent members of BBSs in 14 U.S. cities including the Legion of Doom, conducting early-morning raids and arrests. The arrests involve and are aimed at cracking down on credit-card theft and telephone and wire fraud. The result is a breakdown in the hacking community, with members informing on each other in exchange for immunity. The offices of Steve Jackson Games are also raided, and the role-playing sourcebook GURPS Cyberpunk is confiscated, possibly because the government fears it is a "handbook for computer crime". Legal battles arise that prompt the formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
 1990 — LOD and MOD engaged in almost two years of online warfare — jamming phone lines, monitoring calls, trespassing in each other's private computers. Then the Feds cracked down. For Phiber and friends, that meant jail.
 1991
1991
 Rumors circulate about the "Michelangelo" virus, expected to crash computers on March 6, 1992, the artist's 517th birthday. Doomsday passes without incident.
 Kevin Poulsen is captured and indicted for stealing military documents.
 resulted in jail sentences for four members of the Masters of Deception. Phiber Optik spent a year in federal prison.
 1992 — Release of the movie Sneakers, in which security experts are blackmailed into stealing a universal decoder for encryption systems.
 1992 — Hackers break into GAFB, NASA and KARI.
 1993
 During radio station call-in contests, hacker-fugitive Kevin Poulsen and two friends rig the stations' phone systems to let only their calls through, and "win" two Porsches, vacation trips, and $20,000. Poulsen, already wanted for breaking into phone-company systems, serves five years in prison for computer and wire fraud.
 Texas A&M University professor receives death threats because a hacker used his computer to send 20,000 racist e-mails.
The first DEF CON hacking conference takes place in Las Vegas. The conference is meant to be a one-time party to say good-bye to BBSs (now replaced by the Web), but the gathering is so popular it becomes an annual event.
 1994 summer — Russian crackers siphon $10 million from Citibank and transfer the money to bank accounts around the world. Vladimir Levin, the 30-year-old ringleader, uses his work laptop after hours to transfer the funds to accounts in Finland and Israel. Levin stands trial in the United States and is sentenced to three years in prison. Authorities recover all but $400,000 of the stolen money.
 1994 — Hackers adapt to emergence of the World Wide Web quickly, moving all their how-to information and hacking programs from the old BBSs to new hacker Web sites.
 1995
1995
 February: Kevin Mitnick was arrested again. This time the FBI accused him of stealing 20,000 credit card numbers. Kevin Mitnick is incarcerated on charges of "wire fraud and illegal possession of computer files stolen from such companies as Motorola and Sun Microsystems" He is held in prison for four years without a trial. 
 The movies The Net and Hackers are released.
 United States Department of Defense computers sustained 250,000 attacks by hackers.
 Hackers deface federal web sites.
 AOL gives its users access to USENET, precipitating Eternal September.
 1996
 Kevin Poulsen is cleared of the military hacking charges and released. He starts a career as a freelance journalist.
 Hackers alter Web sites of the United States Department of Justice (August), the CIA (October), and the U.S. Air Force (December).
 Canadian hacker group, Brotherhood, breaks into the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
The U.S. General Accounting Office reports that hackers attempted to break into Defense Department computer files some 250,000 times in 1995 alone. About 65 percent of the attempts were successful, according to the report.
 The MP3 format gains popularity in the hacker world. Many hackers begin setting up sharing sites via FTP, Hotline, IRC and USEnet. 
 1997
 AOHell is released, a freeware application that allows a burgeoning community of unskilled script kiddies to wreak havoc on America Online. For days, hundreds of thousands of AOL users find their mailboxes flooded with multi-megabyte mail bombs and their chat rooms disrupted with spam messages.
 A 15-year-old Croatian youth penetrates computers at a U.S. Air Force base in Guam.
 December: Information Security publishes first issue.
 Hackers get into Microsoft's Windows NT operating system.
 1998
1998
 January: Yahoo! notifies Internet users that anyone visiting its site in recent weeks might have downloaded a logic bomb and worm planted by hackers claiming a "logic bomb" will go off if Mitnick is not released from prison.
 January: Anti-hacker runs during Super Bowl XXXII
 February: The Internet Software Consortium proposes the use of DNSSEC--domain-name system security extensions--to secure DNS servers.
During heightened tensions in the Persian Gulf, hackers touch off a string of break-ins Solar Sunrise, a series of attacks targeting unclassified Pentagon computers and steal software programs, leads to the establishment of round-the-clock, online guard duty at major military computer sites. Then-U.S. Deputy Defense Secretary John Hamre calls it "the most organized and systematic attack" on U.S. military systems to date. An investigation points to two American teens. A 19-year-old Israeli hacker who calls himself The Analyzer (aka Ehud Tenebaum) is eventually identified as their ringleader and arrested. Tenebaum is later made chief technology officer of a computer consulting firm.
 March: Timothy Lloyd is indicted for planting a logic bomb on the network of Omega Engineering. The logic bomb causes millions in damage.
Hackers alter The New York Times Web site, renaming it HFG (Hacking for Girlies). The hackers express anger at the arrest and imprisonment of Kevin Mitnick, the subject of the book "Takedown" co-authored by Times reporter John Markoff.
 Two hackers are sentenced to death by a court in China for breaking into a bank computer network and stealing 260,000 yuan ($31,400).
 June: Information Security publishes its first annual Industry Survey, finding that nearly three-quarters of organizations suffered a security incident in the previous year.
 July: Hackers break into United Nations Children Fund Web site threathening "holocaust."
 August: The hacking group CULT OF THE DEAD COW releases its Trojan horse program, Back Orifice at DEF CON. Once a user installs the Trojan horse on a machine running Windows 95 or Windows 98, the program allows unauthorized remote access of the machine. 
 October: "U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno announces National Infrastructure Protection Center."
December: L0pht testifies to the senate that it could shut down nationwide access to the Internet in less than 30 minutes.
 1999
 Software Security Goes Mainstream In the wake of Microsoft's Windows 98 release, 1999 becomes a banner year for security (and hacking). Hundreds of advisories and patches are released in response to newfound (and widely publicized) bugs in Windows and other commercial software products. A host of security software vendors release anti-hacking products for use on home computers.
 The Electronic Civil Disobedience project, an online political performance-art group,  attacks the Pentagon calling it conceptual art. It said it was protesting U.S. support of the Mexican suppression of rebels in southern Mexico. Carmin Karasic, helped write FloodNet, the tool used by ECD to bombard its opponents with access requests in a symbolic, harmless version of the denial-of-service attacks that took down CNN and Yahoo.
Classified computer systems at Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, come under attack from a number of locations around the world, but the attacks were detected and stopped by newly developed Defense Department systems.
 U.S. Information Agency Web site is hacked for the second time in six months. The hacker circumvented the agency's Internet security and damaged the hard drive, leaving behind the message "Crystal, I love you" and the signature "Zyklon."
 Rep. Curt Weldon, R-Pennsylvania, says Defense Department computers are under a "coordinated, organized" attack from hackers. "You can basically say we are at war," he said.
 U.S. President Bill Clinton announces a $1.46 billion initiative to improve government computer security. The plan would establish a network of intrusion detection monitors for certain federal agencies and encourage the private sector to do the same.
 Kevin Mitnick, detained since 1995 on charges of computer fraud, signs plea agreement.
March: The Melissa worm is released and quickly becomes the most costly malware outbreak to date.
 April: The U.S. Justice Department declines to prosecute former CIA Director John Deutch for keeping 31 secret files on his home computer after he left office in 1996.
 July:  CULT OF THE DEAD COW releases Back Orifice 2000 at DEF CON
 September: Level Seven hacks The US Embassy in China's Website  and places racist, anti-government slogans on embassy site in regards to 1998 U.S. embassy bombings
 October: American Express introduces the "Blue" smart card, the industry's first chip-based credit card in the US.
 "Unidentified hackers seized control of a British military communication satellite and demanded money in return for control of the satellite. 
 December: David L. Smith pleads guilty to creating and releasing the Melissa virus. It's one of the first times a person is prosecuted for writing a virus.
December 29: the Legions of the Underground (LoU) declared cyberwar on Iraq and China with the intention of disrupting and disabling internet infrastructure.