Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a fishing net) along the sea floor. It is also called "dragging". Bottom trawling can be either benthic trawling or demersal trawling. Benthic trawling is towing a net at the very bottom of the ocean. Demersal trawling is towing a net just above the bottom.

Another kind of trawling is midwater trawling (also known as pelagic trawling). This is where a net is towed higher in the water column. Midwater trawling catches pelagic fish such as anchovies, tuna, and mackerel. Bottom trawling catches both bottom-living fish. It also catches semi-pelagic species such as cod, squid, shrimp, and rockfish. Trawling is done by a trawler. This can be a small open boat or a large factory trawler.
Trawl nets 
 
The trawl doors disturb the sea bed. They create a cloud of muddy water which hides the oncoming trawl net. It also makes a noise which attracts fish. The fish begin to swim in front of the net mouth. As the trawl continues along the seabed, fish begin to tire and slip backwards into the net. Finally, the fish become exhausted and drop back, into the net and are caught. The speed that the trawl is towed at depends on the swimming speed of the species which is being targeted. It also depends on the gear that is being used. For most species, a speed of around 4 knots (7 km/h) is appropriate. Trawling is very easy way of catching large amounts of fish. But it has been compared to "fishing with bulldozers". Like a bulldozer it scrapes up everything on the bottom.

Environmental impacts
Bottom trawling has operated for over a century on heavily fished areas like the North Sea and Grand Banks. overfishing has long been seen as causing major ecological changes to the fish species on the Grand Banks. Lately there is concern about the damage which benthic trawling does to the seabed. A species of particular concern is the slow-growing, deep water coral Lophelia pertusa. This species is home to a large community of deep sea organisms. It is easily damaged by fishing gear. On November 17, 2004 the United Nations General Assembly urged nations to consider temporary bans on high seas bottom trawling. Bottom trawling has been blamed for reducing the populations of many of fish species. These include species such as orange roughy, barndoor skate, shark, and many others.

References 

Fishing
Environmental issues
Marthinus "Tinus" Linee (23 August 1969 – 3 November 2014) was a South African rugby player. Linee played as a centre. He played all of his rugby for Western Province. Linee was born in Paarl, Western Cape.

He represented Western Province and the Stormers in Super Rugby. He played nine tour games for the Springboks between 1993 and 1994, but never played in a test for South Africa.

Tinus died in Paarl, Western Cape from complications following motor neurone disease, aged 45.

References

1969 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
South African rugby union players
Sadashiv Amarapurkar (born Ganesh Kumar Nalawade; 11 May 1950 – 3 November 2014) was an Indian actor. He was well known for his roles in Marathi and Hindi movies in the 1980s and 90s.

He won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role in 1991 for Sadak — the first time the award was instituted. In addition to negative roles, he has done supporting roles and, more recently, comic roles.

Amarapurkar died in Mumbai, India from a lung infection, aged 64.

References

1950 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Indian movie actors
Infectious disease deaths in India
Mariam Mohamed Fakhr Eddine (; January 8, 1933 – November 3, 2014) was an Egyptian actress. Eddine was known for her roles in Back Again (1958), Light in the Night (1959) and Souq al-harim (1970). Eddine was born in Faiyum, Egypt.

Eddine died in Cairo, Egypt of brain surgery-related problems, aged 81.

References

Other websites 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Egyptian movie actors
Augusto Martelli (15 March 1940 - 3 November 2014) was an Italian composer, conductor, arranger and television personality. He was known for composing the song Djamballà. It was the theme song of the 1971 movie Il dio serpente. Martelli was born in Genoa, Italy.

Martelli died in Milan, Italy, aged 74.

References

Other websites

 
 

1940 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Italian composers
Italian conductors
Musicians from Genoa
Italian television personalities
The Women’s Equality Party was a political party. It was founded in July 2014 in New York by Christine Quinn, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, and Lieutenant Governor candidate Kathy Hochul.

Mission 
 To guarantee equal pay for women across the state

Supporters 
 Nita Lowey
 Grace Meng
 Lena Dunham
 Christie Brinkley
 Sandra Lee

Other websites 
 Official website 
 http://fortune.com/2014/10/30/womens-equality-party-new-york/
 http://www.capitalnewyork.com/tags/womens-equality-party 
 http://www.nystateofpolitics.com/2014/07/democrats-unveil-womens-equality-party/ 

Political parties in the United States
2014 establishments in New York (state)
2010s establishments in New York (state)
In writing and typography, a ligature is when two or more graphemes (~letters) are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace two characters next to each other. The idea comes from handwriting and manuscripts.

Example: the common ampersand ("&") represents the Latin conjunction et, meaning "and". The ampersand's symbol is a ligature, joining the old handwritten Latin letters e and t of the word et, so that the word is represented as a single glyph.

Sometimes ligatures are made to make things more easy to read, or simply to make the writing/font nicer to look at. This is important in some forms of design work.
Type designers, who create fonts (or 'typefaces'), make ligatures for some combinations of letters. Today, most fonts are made on computers (these are called 'digital typefaces'). When two particular letters are typed together, the ligature will appear. The ligature look like the two different letters but slightly changed (sometimes joined together). It is actually a separate symbol that has been drawn by the creator, and is programmed to appear when two letters are put next to each other.

References 

Typography
Sigfrid Mattsson, born 19 September 1917, dead 27 August 2009, was a Swedish  cross-country skier. He competed for Skarpnäcks IF in club competitions. In 1952, he won the Vasaloppet event.

References 

1917 births
2009 deaths
Swedish skiers
Josef Marha (born 2 June 1976) is a former Czech professional ice hockey centre. He also was a Unrestricted Free Agent. He played a career total of 159 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Colorado Avalanche, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, and the Chicago Blackhawks. He most recently played for HK Hradec Kralove of the Czech Extraliga.

Career
He began his career, playing 83 regular season games with HC Dukla Jihlava of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League. He was drafted 35th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Colorado Avalanche in the 1995–96 NHL season, playing 2 games with them before being sent back down to play for their AHL-affiliate, the Hershey Bears.
On March 24, 1998, the Avalanche traded Marha to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in exchange for Warren Rychel and Anaheim's 4th round choice (Sanny Lindström) in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. He played 22 games with the Mighty Ducks. On January 28, 1999, the Mighty Ducks traded him to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for Chicago's 4th round choice (Alexander Chagodayev) in 1999 NHL Entry Draft. He played 118 games with the Blackhawks. After the 2000–01 NHL season, he decided to leave North America and head back to Europe. On June 13, 2001, he signed a contract with HC Davos of the National League A (NLA). He spent 12 seasons with HC Davos and won 5 league titles with them.

On March 17, 2013, Marha announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey. On April 29, 2013, he announced that he was returning to play ice hockey again by agreeing to a multi-year deal with HC Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1976 births
Living people
Chicago Blackhawks players
Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players
Colorado Avalanche players
Cornwall Aces players
Czech ice hockey players
Hershey Bears players
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
Norfolk Admirals players
Portland Pirates players
American Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
Konrad Pettersson born 1 July 1903 in Älvsbyn, Sweden, dead 18 November 1976 in Piteå, Sweden was a Swedish cross-country skier. He won the Vasaloppet competition in 1927. He represented Luleå SK in club competitions.

References 

1976 deaths
1903 births
Swedish skiers
Johan Abram Persson, born 13 July 1898, dead 24 February 1971, was a Swedish (Sami) cross-country skier, fisherman, sloyer and wolfhunter. He was the son of Per Larsson and Anna Stina Bassem from Luokta lappby. He lived in Skierfa near the Pite River throughout his entire life. 

He competed for Arjeplogs SK in club competitions. In international events, he participated for Sweden. In 1929, he won Vasaloppet.

References 

1898 births
1971 deaths
Swedish skiers
Olle Wiklund, born 26 December 1914 in Bergvik, Sweden, died 31 March 1999 at the same place, was a Swedish cross-country skier. In 1942, he won Vasaloppet, nine minutes before second-placed Bertil Melin. This meant that the old Vasaloppet record, dated back to 1928, had been broken by two minutes.

He competed for IFK Bergvik at club level, He participated in Vasaloppet at some points.

References 

1914 births
1999 deaths
Swedish skiers
Bengt Sigvard Jonsson, born 27 February 1923 in Bodum, Sweden, dead 17 September 1969 at the same place, was a Swedish cross-country skier and lumberjack. He represented Rossöns IK at club level. He won Vasaloppet in 1956. He died in a drowning accident.

References 

1923 births
1969 deaths
Swedish skiers
Lars-Arne Bölling, born Lars Arne Torsten 6 October 1944 in Sörsjön, Sweden, is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He competed for IFK Mora and Orsa IF at club level. He won Vasaloppet in 1970 and 1972. He became Swedish national champion in the 15 kilometers race in 1970, and in the 1973 30 kilometers race as well as the 1970 and 1971 50 kilometers races. He was also part of the IFK Mora team winning the Swedish national relay championship in 1970-1973, and in 1974 he won the same relay title with Orsa IF.

In 1970, he was awarded the Sixten Jernberg Award. He also represented Sweden during the Olympic Winter Games of 1972 in Sapporo, where he ended up 9th in the 50 kilometers race. In 1973 he won the Marcialonga race in Italy.

He is the son Arne Bölling, who ended up second at Vasaloppet 1943, and the brother's son of Stig Bölling.

References 

1944 births
Living people
1972 Winter Olympics
Swedish skiers
Pauli Siitonen, born 3 February 1938 in Simpele, Finland, is a Finnish former cross-country skier.

He competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics. He was one of the most successful long-distance cross-country skiers of the 1970s. In 1973, he won Vasaloppet, as second person from Finland. He also won the Finlandia-hiihto in Finland and König-Ludwig-Lauf in West Germany.

References 

1938 births
Living people
1968 Winter Olympics
Finnish Olympians
Finnish skiers
Ola Hassis (born 22 March 1951) is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He competed for Orsa IF at club level. He won Vasaloppet in 1979. He is the brother of Swedish cross-country skier Bengt Hassis.

References 

1951 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Lars Frykberg, born 3 January 1957, is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He won Vasaloppet in 1982. at the time, he competed for IFK Mora. in a competition where Jean-Paul Pierrat from France first reached the finish. However, Jean-Paul Pierrat was disqualified for changing skis (which was not allowed).

He also won Worldloppet in the seasons of 1981/1982 and 1982/1983.

References 

1957 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Hans Persson, born 18 January 1959, is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He was specialized at long-distance races. In 1984, he won Vasaloppet. He represented Åsarna IK at club level. With that club, he won the Swedish national relay championship in 1980-1983 and again in 1988.

References 

1959 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Bengt Hassis (born 11 January 1957) is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He represented Orsa IF at club level. In 1985 and 1986, he won Vasaloppet. During his 1986 wictory, he broke the Vasaloppet record, which lasted until 1998, when it was broken by Peter Göransson.

Nowadays, Bengt Hassis is a cross-country skiing instructor in Grönklitt. He is the brother of Swedish cross-country skier Ola Hassis.

References

Other websites
Bengt Hassi's wbsite

1957 births
Swedish skiers
Anders Blomquist, born 17 October 1960 in Bromma, Sweden is a Swedish former cross-country skier. He competed for IFK Lidingö and Åsarna IK at club levbel. In 1988, he shared the Vasaloppet victory together with his brother Örjan Blomquist. Since many years, he has been an SVT commentator during skiing events. Up to March 2010, he was the CEO for Destination Funäsdalen.

References 

1960 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Örjan Blomquist, born 23 August 1957 in Bromma, Sweden, dead 30 July 2000, was a Swedish cross-country skier. He was speclalized at longd-distance races during the 1980s. He competed for IFK Lidingö at club level. He shared the victory at Vasaloppet 1988 together with his brother Anders Blomquist. Örjan Blomquist also won Worldloppet in 1985.

After the career, he worked as an SVT commentator during skiing events. Outside skiing, he was an economist. Örjan Blomquist died in the year 2000 following illnes.

References 

1957 births
2000 deaths
Swedish skiers
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (; ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) usually known as A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was a famous Indian aerospace engineer. He was the 11th President of India, from 2002 to 2007.

When he was president, he was popularly known as the People's President. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour in 1997. He has also been a professor (of aerospace engineering). Kalam is the first Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram (IIST). He is called as the "Missile Man" of India.

Death 
Abdul Kalam died on July 27, 2015 (07:45 Indian Standard Time GMT+5:30) at Bethany Hospital, Shillong after having collapsed due to cardiac arrest during a lecture he was giving at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM).

References

Other websites

Official website 

Presidents of India
Tamil Nadu politicians
1931 births
2015 deaths
Indian Muslims
Tamil people
Ramanathapuram district
The ampersand (&), also referred to as the and sign, is a logogram (a diagram standing for a word).

It represents the Latin conjunction et, which means and. The ampersand symbol is not only a logogram, but also a ligature. It joins the old handwritten Latin letters e and t of the word et, so that the word is represented as a single glyph.

With a c added on it means "et cetera", "and so on".

In everyday writing, the ampersand is sometimes written like a reversed 3 with a vertical line through it.

References 

Typography
Symbols
Latin letters
Darhal Malkan is a town and notified constituency of Rajouri District Indian State of Jammu & Kashmir.

Darhal is a Tehsil in Rajauri District of Jammu & Kashmir State, India. 
It is at 1671 m elevation (altitude). Urdu is the local language. People also speak Gojri and Dogri.

It is cold in summer. Darhal summer highest day temperature is in between 19 °C to 43 °C. Average temperatures of January is 11 °C, February is 13 °C, March is 19 °C, April is 24 °C, May is 30 °C .

References

Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
The Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, was founded in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn in Los Angeles, California.

It taught a range of dance styles, influenced by ballroom dancing, ballet and various types of American and Indian dances.

The school had some notable pupils, including Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Lillian Powell, Charles Weidman, Jack Cole, and silent film star Louise Brooks. The school was especially renowned for its influence on ballet and experimental modern dance. In time, Denishawn teachings reached another school  Studio 61 at the Carnegie Hall Studios.
One source writes:
"The art of dance is too big to be encompassed by any one system. On the contrary, the dance includes all systems or schools of dance. Every way that any human being of any race or nationality, at any period of human history, has moved rhythmically to express himself, belongs to the dance. We endeavor to recognize and use all contributions of the past to the dance and will continue to use all new contributions in the future".
Styles of dance 
Orientalia: these were the first true Denishawn works. St. Denis invented most of these pieces. They use aspects of East Indian movement, dress and environment (in the form of set design). A particularly famous work from this period is St. Denis's Radha, a mini-ballet set in a Hindu temple in which an exotic woman dances to honor the five senses.
Americana: Shawn favoured the cultures of America. His works had music by  American composers and portrayed of "American" characters like cowboys, Indians and ballplayers. 
Music visualizations was inspired by Isadora Duncan's approach to music. Movement was set strictly to music without reading into anything emotionally. If the music swells, the body swells: if the music grows quiet, the body comes to rest. St. Denis's Soaring, with five female dancers, is her most well-known music visualization.
Miscellanea: Other routines called "Denishawn divertissements".

References
References

Other sources 
Shelton, Suzanne 1981. Divine dancer: a biography of Ruth St. Denis. New York: Doubleday.
Sherman, Jane 1979. The drama of Denishawn dance. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
American dancers
Schools in California
The snow goose (Chen caerulescens or Anser caerulescens), also known as the blue goose, is a North American species of goose. Its name comes from its white feathers. Some authorities place this species in the Chen genus. Other authorities place these species in the "gray goose" genus Anser. In addition to a white phase they also have a blue phase. In the white phase they are all-white except for their primary feathers which are black. In the blue phase the head and upper neck remain white.

Subspecies 

There are two known subspecies:

 Lesser Snow goose - Breeds in Alaska, arctic Canada and Siberia. In winter they migrate to western and southern USA and Mexico.
 Greater Snow goose - It breeds in eastern arctic Canada and Greenland. It winters along the US Atlantic coast. It is slightly larger than the Lesser Snow goose and has a heavier bill.

Related pages 
 Goose
 Magellan Goose

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Snow Goose Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
The Nature Conservancy's Species profile: Snow Goose  Learn more about the conservation of these geese
 Snow Goose - Chen caerulescens – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

Geese
Birds of North America
Kjetil-Vidar Haraldstad (born June 28, 1973) is a Norwegian extreme drummer. He is better known by his stage name, Frost. He chose this stage name, because he wanted to purify himself and become one with the darkness and the Frost of Black Metal. He currently plays for the black metal bands Satyricon and 1349. He is considered reputable for being one of the fastest and most proficient drummer alive, and a legend to Black Metal and to Norway art scene.

He has also took part as a drummer with the bands Gorgoroth, Zyklon-B, Gehenna and Keep of Kalessin. He first joined Satyricon temporarily to record the band second demo  "The Forest is My Throne" (split album form Satyricon and Enslaved from the year 1993 - "Black Winds" and "Min hyllest til vinterland" are the two other song of the 3 songs demo album), but that changed in the next release, the first studio album Dark Medival Times (1994), where he was promoted to a permanent member.
He used blast beats during his performances with 1349 and Satyricon. He has since done more simplistic and mid-tempo with Satyricon.

During a tour, he was denied entry to North America by the US Department of Homeland Security. This was because he did not note that he was sentenced to 5 months for assault, for a bar fight in the early 1990s, when he was applying for his work visa. On the 1349 tours before 2008, Tony Laureano replaced him on drums. Joey Jordison and Trym Torson also performed with Satyricon during the bands North American tour dates. Frost was later able to join the band and perform again in the United States.

References

1973 births
Heavy metal musicians
Living people
Norwegian musicians
Rock drummers
Christer Hult is a Swedish former association football defender. He played for IFK Norrköping. He played 13 games for the Sweden national team.

References

Living people
Swedish footballers
1946 births
Ulrika Kalte, born 19 May 1970 in Skärholmen, Sweden is a Swedish former association football player. She played for Älvsjö AIK. She also played for the Swedish national team during the 1995 World Cup in Sweden, where Sweden was knocked out in the quarterfinals. She also represented Sweden during the 1996 Olympic Tournament in Atlanta, where Sweden ended up 6th.

She begun playing for Norsborgs FF. She became professional in Japan. as she moved to Shiroki F.C. Serena after the 1995 World Cup.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Shiroki FC Serena players
Lena Carlzon-Lundbäck, born 26 March 1954 in Malmberget, Sweden is a Swedish former cross-country skier. She competed for Malmbergets AIF at club level. She also represented Sweden during the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. She also represented Sweden during the  1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. She participated both in individual events and relays. Her best individual result was being part of the Swedish fourth-placed relay team in 1976. Her best individual result is two 10th places, at the 5 kilometers race in 1976 and the 10 kilometers race in 1980.

She became Swedish national champion  totally eight times.

References 

1954 births
Living people

Swedish skiers
Competitors at the 1976 Winter Olympics
The Frugal Gourmet is an American half-hour cooking show. The show started around 1973 at Tacoma's public-TV station KTPS-TV. It was first called Cooking Fish Creatively. Later it was renamed The Frugal Gourmet. The award winning program was hosted by Jeff Smith.

History 
Jeff Smith was the chaplain at the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington from 1966 to 1972. In 1965, he taught a cooking class called ”Food as Sacrament and Celebration". In 1972, he opened and ran a restaurant called the Chaplain’s Pantry. In 1973, a local PBS television station KTPS-TV offered him his own cooking show, called Cooking Fish Creatively. "I had a producer who couldn't produce, a director who couldn't direct, a technician who couldn't tech, and I wasn't so good, either", according to Smith. The show received two Emmy nominations. The show won a 'Best of the West' Award for Educational Television in 1976. After several seasons it was renamed The Frugal Gourmet. The name change was suggested by his wife, Patty.
The Frugal Gourmet ran on PBS from 1983 to 1997. It was PBS's most popular cooking show. Smith always wore a blue and white striped apron that became his "trademark". In 1989, during the "Three Ancient Cuisines" run, Smith was joined by Craig Wollam, a professionally trained Chef. Smith met Wollam by accident in a Chicago restaurant and he was hired the next day. He stayed until the show was cancelled in 1997.
For the first seven seasons, the show was produced by WTTW in Chicago. From 1991, it was produced by KQED in San Francisco, and A La Carte Communications.

Format
During each show, Smith followed a recipe showing how to prepare a dish. He goes to different places by showing food from many different cultures. The show always ended with Smith saying "Until I see you again, this is the Frugal Gourmet; I bid you peace, bye-bye". Smith would remind his audience that frugal doesn't mean cheap. It means that you don't waste money. And gourmet means loving good food and wine.
Theme song
The theme music for The Frugal Gourmet was the Bourree movement from Water Music by George Frideric Handel.

Syndication
From 1989 to 1997, reruns of earlier seasons of The Frugal Gourmet aired on Lifetime. When The Frugal Gourmet aired on Lifetime, episodes ran for about 21 minutes to make room for commercials, and several parts were cut. In 1991, GNT in Brazil began airing a Portugal dubbed version of the show entitled Frugal Gourmet.

References

Other websites 
 The Frugal Gourmet -P2- The Italian Kitchen

1983 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
Jukka Koskilahti (born 23 May 1954 in Turku, Finland) is a Finnish former ice hockey player. He also played in Sweden for club teams like HV 71 (1979-1980) and Modo AIK (1980-1982).

References 

1954 births
Finnish ice hockey players
Living people
Renato Sellani (8 January 1926 – 31 October 2014) was an Italian jazz pianist and composer. As a pianist, he worked with Chet Baker, Billie Holiday, Dizzie Gillespie, Lee Konitz, Bill Coleman, Gerry Mulligan, Enrico Rava and Tony Scott, among others. He was born in Senigallia, Province of Ancona.

Sellani died in Milan, Italy, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2014 deaths
Italian jazz musicians
People from Marche
Italian pianists
20th-century Italian composers
21st-century Italian composers
Nina Vladimirovna Timofeeva (; 11 June 1935 - 3 November 2014) was a Russian ballet dancer. Timofeeva was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union. She was known for her performance in Swan Lake (1956, 1970), Don Quixote (1959), The Tale of the Stone Flower (1959), and in Macbeth (1980).

Timofeeva died in Moscow, Russia, aged 79.

Other websites

1935 births
2014 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian ballerinas
Soviet entertainers
Edward Albert "Eddie" Stuart (12 May 1931 – 4 November 2014) was a South African professional footballer. He played as a defender. He played 322 times in England for Wolverhampton Wanderers between 1951 and 1962, winning three league titles and the FA Cup. He also served Stoke City, Tranmere Rovers and Stockport County.

Stuart died on 4 November 2014 in Wrexham, Wales aged 83 following a long illness.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
South African soccer players
Enrique Olivera (9 February 1940 – 4 November 2014) was an Argentine politician. He served as Chief of Government of the City of Buenos Aires from December 1999 to August 2000.

Olivera died in Buenos Aires on 4 November 2014, aged 74.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2014 deaths
Mayors of Buenos Aires
We Can't Dance is the fourteenth studio album by English progressive rock band Genesis. The album was released on November 12, 1991. It was the group's first studio album of new material in 5 years and also the last to feature Phil Collins before leaving the group in March 1996.

Track listing
All music written by Tony Banks, Phil Collins, and Mike Rutherford. Lyricists specified below.

B-sides

References

1991 albums
Genesis albums
Aliya Fargatovna Mustafina  (; born 30 September 1994) is a Russian gymnast. She won four medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics and three medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Mustafina was the most successful athlete that was not a swimmer at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Mustafina has won 11 medals at the World Championships. She was the 2010 World Champion in the all-around and in the team competition. She was the 2013 World Champion on the balance beam.

References

1994 births
Living people
2012 Summer Olympics
Russian gymnasts
Russian Olympic bronze medalists
Russian Olympic gold medalists
Russian Olympic silver medalists
World champions
Chaat (Hindi/Nepali: चाट, Urdu/Punjabi: ) is a term describing good snacks.  Chaat is most likely to be found at road-side tracks from food carts in  India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. Chaat is made of fried dough, which can be filled with different ingredients. Chaat commonly contains pieces of potato, chickpeas, and spices.

References
 
 

Snack foods
Amber Dawn Montana (born December 2, 1998) is an American actress. She is best known for her lead role in the Nickelodeon TV show The Haunted Hathaways as Taylor Hathaway.

Early life and career 
She was born in Tampa, Florida. When she was eight years old she moved to California to pursue opportunities as an actress. In 2008 Amber got the role of a girl who is kidnapped in the movie She Could Be You.  In 2012 he appeared on the Nickelodeon game show BrainSurge. In 2013 she landed the lead role in the Nickelodeon TV show The Haunted Hathaways.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

1998 births
Living people
American child actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Tampa, Florida
Peyton Roi List (born April 6, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Emma Ross in the Disney Channel series Jessie. She is also well known for portraying Holly Hills in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

1998 births
Living people
American child actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Florida
A xenolith (foreign rock) is a rock fragment which another rock surrounds.

It happens most in igneous rock when magma is fluid enough to flow round more solid rock. Xenoliths may be covered in the margins of a magma chamber, torn loose from the walls of a flow of lava  or picked up along the ground by flowing lava on Earth's surface. A xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a low-silica lava and diamonds in kimberlite diatremes.

Although the term xenolith is most commonly associated with igneous inclusions, a broad definition could include rock fragments which have become encased in sedimentary rock. Xenoliths are sometimes found in meteorites.
Xenoliths and xenocrysts provide important information about the composition of the otherwise inaccessible mantle. Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres, which have their source in the upper mantle, often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the lower mantle mineralogy.

References 

Igneous rocks
Cyclone Ashoba formed in the Bay of Bengal near Andaman,  away from Visakhapatnam. Early forecasts called for cyclone Ashoba to affect the Tamil Nadu coast.it was expected to reach Oman coast on 11.06.2014

Other websites
http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/india/new-cyclone-ashoba-near-andaman-214190.html 
http://blog.keaweather.in/tag/cyclone-ashoba/ 
2014 in weather
2014 in Asia
Tropical cyclones in Asia
Chelsea Lately was a late night comedy talk show by Chelsea Handler on the E! network. Every episode was presented in a half-hour format, and was broadcast Monday through Friday. The final episode of Chelsea Lately aired on August 26, 2014.

Viewers 
From 2012 to 2013, viewership went up from 613,000 to 571,000.

The live hour-long series finale aired August 26 at 11 pm and was viewed by 1.003 million people.

Awards

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 http://www.eonline.com/shows/chelsea_lately

2000s American television series
American television talk shows
American comedy television series
English-language television programs
Suwon is a large city in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

History
Suwon became a big city because of King Jeongjo of Joseon. He wanted to make Suwon the capital after he moved his father's tomb. Suwon's Hwaseong Fortress was also built then. Hwaseong has great value because some machines were used to build it. Jeong Yagyong, a great mechanic and scholar, made pulleys named Geojunggi and Nokro, which were used.

In ancient tribal times, Suwon was known as Mosu-guk (Korean : 모수국) of Mahan confederacy. During the Proto–Three Kingdoms period era, however, the area comprising modern Suwon and Hwaseong City was called Maehol-gun (매홀군). In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of the Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun (수성군).

Geography
Suwon is in the north-west of South Korea near Seoul, so Suwon is developed. In Suwon there are some small mountains like Gwanggyosan and Chilbosan.
Government
Suwon's mayor is Yeom Tae-Yeong.  The deputy mayors are Jeon Taeheon and Lee Jaejun. Suwon has four districts: Jangan-gu, Paldal-gu, Gwonseon-gu and Yeongtong-gu.

People
There are 1,201,564 people living in Suwon including foreigners.

Symbols
Suwon's symbol is Hwaseong's main gate. Suwon's official flower is the royal azalea, and Suwon's slogan is "We welcome people. Human city, Suwon." (Korean: 사람이 반갑습니다. 휴먼시티 수원.)

Sport
Suwon Samsung Bluewings is Suwon's soccer team. They play soccer in the K League. Their stadium is Suwon World Cup Stadium. It is the biggest soccer stadium in Suwon.

Transport
Suwon has two bus terminals: Suwon Bus Terminal and West Suwon Bus Terminal. The Gyeongbu and Yeongdong Expressways pass through Suwon, and the Gyeongbu railroad line, Seoul Subway Line 1, and the Bundang Line also pass through Suwon.

Food
Suwon galbi (beef ribs) is Suwon's special food. It is expensive but popular.

References 

Cities in South Korea
The Mao Zedong Statue is a statue in Wuyi Square, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. It is  tall. It depicts Mao Zedong holding out his arm. The statue was built by Yang Zhengrong, a painter in Fujian. It took a year and a half to build.

References

Chinese culture
Statues
1971 works
Se hace saber is a Spanish television comedy program. It was aired in TVE 1 from 24 December 2013 to 21 February 2014. It was hosted and starred by Goyo Jiménez and other actors such as Agustín Jiménez, Arturo González-Campos, Berta Collado, Iñaki Urrutia, Leo Harlem and Sergio Fernández "El Monaguillo".

The program was canceled after eight weeks, as very few people watched it.

References

Other websites
 Official website at RTVE.es 

Comedy television series
Spanish culture
A transport hub (also transport interchange) is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between transport modes. Public transport hubs include train stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stop, airports and ferry slips. Freight hubs include classification yards, seaports and truck terminals, or combinations of these. For private transport, the parking lot functions as a hub. 

Delta Air Lines first used the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. This was to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke system was used by several airlines.

References 

Transport
Cheese mites are mites which live in food, grain and plant leaves. 

They are sometimes found in flour but prefer cheese. Refrigerated cheese is not usually affected as they prefer warm, damp foods. Cheese mites are used to make certain cheeses. Milbenkäse and Mimolette are two examples. The action of the mites on the surface of these cheeses adds to the flavor. It also gives them a distinctive appearance. A 2010 SEM study found that Milbenkäse cheese was produced using Tyrolichus casei mites, while Mimolette cheese used Acarus siro mites (also known as flour mites).

References

Cheese
Arachnids
Ina Catani (born Ina Heilborn; 30 May 1906 – 28 March 1938), was a Swedish archer.

Merits
World champion 1935, Sweden's first female world champion.

References 

1906 births
1938 deaths
Swedish sportspeople
Archers
The Central American paper wasp (Apoica pallens) is a nocturnal eusocial wasp (family Vespidae). It is famous for its swarming behavior. It is native to the lowlands of central and northern South America.

This species has developed special night vision adaptations which help their night-time swarming and foraging behavior. It has important medicinal properties for the Pankararé people of Brazil.

Distribution and habitat
Apoica pallens populations are native to the lowlands of Central and northern South America. Generally, they are found in areas of tropical savanna, semi-deciduous tropical dry forest, gallery forest, and marshland. Apoica is one of the prominent genera of the New World tropics, and is rather abundant.
Swarming 
Apoica pallens is best known for its unique swarm founding behavior, in which the adult population of a colony abandons an old nest and emigrates to a new site. This has been observed for several reasons. Firstly, as part of normal colony reproduction. And secondly, in response to severe disturbance or destruction of the original nest. Additionally, nest abandonment is sometimes correlated with changing climates, and in the case of Apoica pallens, has been observed more frequently during the dry season. Males follow swarm emigrations and may stay with the newly created colony for the following weeks.

Epiponini are either permanently or mainly polygynous.

Other behavior
Other behavior

Foraging 
Foraging  takes place at night. Swarms of wasps explosively leave the nest, then quickly return only to leave again in a similar fashion. As the night progresses there are moderate to heavy levels of return and departures by smaller groups of wasps. The foraging patterns of Apoica pallens depends on the moon’s cycle: when the moon is new, it forages during the first four hours after sunset, with another small peak of activity just before dawn as wasps return to the nest. When the moon is waxing, it extends the hours of forage until individuals are out all night long.
 
Their adaptations allow them to forage in low light conditions. These wasps have larger visual fields compared to those of relatives.
Dominance hierarchy 
Apoica pallens is a caste species with morphological differentiation between females. These castes are classified as workers and queens. This is based on the size of ovaries. The differences between the castes of queens and workers are formed during the larval stage. Queen-destined larvae show faster growth rates in various bodily compartments than worker-destined larvae. This results in individuals with different shapes even though larvae are about the same size.

Uses in folk medicine 
Folk medicine is prominent in various areas of Brazil. Insects are used in folk remedies. Medicinal insects are the focus of healing methods targeted to treat ailments, serving as drug resources that come from nature. The nests of Apoica pallens, is known to be significant in the practices of Pankarare ́Indians and also the rural people of Brazil.
Nests of these wasps are burned and the smoke released is inhaled in order to heal stroke. Furthermore, when the presence of evil is suspected in an Indian’s life, they must bath in this smoke of the burning nest as treatment. In Matinha dos Pretos, pieces of the nest may be boiled in water to make a tea that serves as treatment for asthma.

Diet 
Apoica pallens collects various arthropods including flies, caterpillars, and beetles. It also collects pollen and nectar from banana blossoms. This species practices brood cannibalism: the adults will eat some of the brood if their own nutritional needs are not met. Generally, several adults will divide up a single larva. In addition, adults will exchange food via trophallaxis.
Defense 
Apoica pallens displays active, rather than chemical defense behavior. During the day, when adult individuals are not swarming, they cover the comb face of the nest several layers thick. The wasps on the outer layer of the comb face outward. They watch for predatory ants trying to reach the interior of the nest. It is thought that the advantages of this protective formation during the day is what led to the nocturnal foraging and swarming.

References 

Wasps
A handbag is a medium-to-large bag typically used by women to hold personal items. It is often fashionably designed. Versions of the term are 'purse', 'pocketbook', 'pouch', or 'clutch', terms which suggest rather smaller versions.

Content of handbags might include such items as wallet/coins, keys, mobile phone, cosmetics and jewellery, books/e-books, pen and paper, food and beverage such as a water bottle, pepper spray and other items for self-defence, tampons and other feminine hygiene products, contraceptives, tissues and infant care products, or a hairbrush.

Men's purses 
Men once carried coin purses. The oldest known purse dates back more than 5000 years, and was worn by a man, Ötzi the Iceman. In early modern Europe, men's trousers replaced men's breeches during the  18th and 19th centuries. Pockets were added in the loose, heavy material. This let men carry coins, and then paper currency, in small leather wallets.

References 

Accessories
Major events 
In 1967 the Wiener Stadthallenturnier, despite the name, was held there instead of inside the Wiener Stadthalle.  Even the world championships in ice stock sport and nine-pin bowling have been held inside. 
Even the 1967 World Ice Hockey Championships and the 1987 World Ice Hockey Championships were held inside. The World Figure Skating Championships have also been held here.

References 

Sport in Austria
Buildings and structures in Vienna
An argument from ignorance (), or appeal to ignorance ('ignorance' stands for "lack of evidence to the contrary"), is a fallacy in informal logic. It says something is true because it has not yet  been proved false. Or, that something is false if it has not yet been proved true. This is also called a negative proof fallacy. This also includes the (false) assumption there are only two options (true or false). There may be as many as four choices:
 true
 false
 unknown
 unknowable.

Appeals to ignorance are often used to suggest the other side needs to do the proving. Rules of logic place the burden of proof on the person making the claim.

A logical fallacy is simply a bad argument. Using bad logic does not necessarily mean the argument is false (or true). It is basically a hasty conclusion, one that is arrived at incorrectly. But it still may be convincing to some audiences. This is why it is used in politics and advertising.
Examples 
 "This drug is safe because no-one has found any toxic effects." This only implies that complete testing has been done. It does not say it has been tested completely.
 "Candidate Smith has never spoken out concerning her views on abortion. We can safely conclude that she must be pro-choice". The argument from ignorance fallacy can be used to dismiss a subject or to argue that it means the opposite.
"Of course disease is caused by witchcraft.  How else could it happen?"  (The argument from ignorance often takes the form of "how else could X happen" which implies that because there is no other explanation yet known, the one being offered is correct.)

References

Other websites 
 Examples of Ignorance Fallacies
 Open Minds and the Argument from Ignorance

Logical fallacies
Drug tolerance (or physiological tolerance) is a term used to describe that the organism gets used to a given substance. Drug tolerance also means that over time a drug becomes less effective and larger amounts of the substance are needed to get the same effect.  

Physiological tolerance can be achieved in one of the following ways: 
 By changing the number of receptors for a substance 
 By changing the way the signal is handled 
 By changing the receptors themselves 
 By changing the system that antagonizes the receptor

References 
Drugs
Elisabeth of Doberschütz was decaptiated and burned as a witch, on 17th december 1751 in Stettin.

1751 deaths
Witches
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (5 April 1804 23 June 1881) was a German botanist. He was long supposed to be the co-founder of the cell theory, with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. However, a recent study of the original papers revealed that Schleiden and Schwann used previous research, and were popularisers of an idea others had discovered.

Modern assessment 
The earlier work of the Czech Jan Purkyně (1787–1869) and his student and collaborator Gabriel Valentin (1810–1883) was "unjustly denigrated by the nationalistic Germans. They have a claim to some priority in the cell theory".Chapter 9
Johannes Müller (1801–1858) also made great contributions. It was, however, his student Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden who got the credit for the cell theory. This was despite the fact that some of their observations were not correct, and their credits to previous workers were "a travesty".p97 As understood now, the cell theory includes these important ideas:
 All living things are made of cells.
 The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms.
 Every cell comes from another cell that lived before it.
 The nucleus is the core element of the cell.

The key works of Schwann and Schleiden were published in 1838 and 1839.
These ideas still are the basic ideas of cell theory.

References 

1804 births
1881 deaths
German botanists
Scientists from Hamburg
German biologists
German lawyers
Scientists from Frankfurt
The Auckland War Memorial Museum is a museum in Auckland, New Zealand. It is one of New Zealand's most important museums and war memorials. The displays in the museum are mostly about New Zealand history, both natural history and military history.

Museums
Buildings and structures in Oceania
Auckland
The Yarra River is also known as the Yarra Yarra River, Aboriginal: Berrern, Birr-arrung, Bay-ray-rung, Birarang. Birrarung, and Wongete). The Yarra River is a perennial river in east-central Victoria, Australia. The river flows from its source in the Yarra Ranges  west through the Yarra Valley. The river opens out into plains as it winds its way through Greater Melbourne. It then empties into Hobsons Bay in northernmost Port Phillip.

The river was a major food source for indigenous Australians during prehistoric times. It also served as a meeting place during those times. The river was first called Birrarung by the Wurundjeri. The current name was translated wrong from another Wurundjeri term in the Boonwurrung language; Yarro-yarro, meaning  "ever-flowing".
The river was used for agriculture by early European settlers.  The landscape of the river has changed since 1835. The course of the river has been changed and widened in places. Widening and dams, like the Upper Yarra Reservoir have helped protect Melbourne from major flooding. Industrialisation led to the destruction of the marshlands at the joining of the Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers in the area around Coode Island in West Melbourne. The yearly Moomba festival celebrates the Yarra River's meaning to Melbourne.

References

Other websites

The Yarra River

Rivers of Victoria (Australia)
William Thomas Ward (born 5 May 1948) is an English musician and visual artist. He is best known as the original drummer of the British heavy metal band Black Sabbath. 

He also performed lead vocals on two Black Sabbath songs: "It's Alright" from the album Technical Ecstasy and "Swinging the Chain" from the album Never Say Die!.

Biography
Biography

Early years and Black Sabbath
Bill Ward started to play drums as a child. He listened to the big bands of the 1940s. His major influences were Gene Krupa, Buddy Rich and Louie Bellson. 
Later he was influenced by drummers such as Larrie Londin, Bernard Purdie, Joe Morello, Keef Hartley, Hughie Flint, John Bonham, Ringo Starr, Jim Capaldi and Clive Bunker. 
In the mid-1960s, Ward sang and played drums in a band called The Rest. 
Ward and guitarist Tony Iommi played together in a band called Mythology. 
After Mythology disbanded, he and Iommi joined vocalist Ozzy Osbourne and bassist Geezer Butler to form a new band called Earth. The quickly renamed the band Black Saabbath due to another local band being called Earth.