Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Technical levels in the traditional musado 
The traditional musado has 6 levels (1.-6. kup) of student which are marked by colour (see the table). Differently from the majority of the martial arts the student does not have a belt since the beginning. Only to the term of the course which lasts 2–4 months there is capacity to pass examination for the white belt.

The belts go up until ninth dan, dan is marked on the belt with Roman numeration written with golden letters. In the Czech Republic, the most graduated is Antonín Sokol (4. dan).

Code of honour of the practitioners of musado 
The code of honour is a modern version of the code of ancient Korean units Hwarang.

Oath 
 Loyalty to own country 
 Loyalty to the teaching and to the instructors, with respect to the parents  
 Confidence and fraternity among friends 
 Courage when facing an enemy 
 Never kill without cause
Moral and ethical principles 
After taking oath the student must adhere to these moral and ethical principles (kyohun; Korean terms):
 in – humanity
 oui – justice
 ye – courtesy
 ji – wisdom
 shin – confidence
 sum – goodness
 duk – virtue
 chung – loyalty
 yong – courage

Musado Military Combat System 
The Musado MCS is a military system of personal defence and of body-to-body combat, designed especially for training of the army, of the police and of other forces of security.

The musado also is used in training of the special units, for example of the units of aerial war, of the brigades of rapid reaction and of the brigades of the UNO.

In the army of the Czech Republic this system was introduced in 1993.

Musado MCS does not have any rules precisely given. However, with its vast extension it provides more than 4000 techniques and skills which with good mastery enable the warrior to stop an attack.

References
References

Other websites
  Official page of the musado
  Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic History of the musado
  German organization of the musado 

European martial arts
Dortmund
The Lancia Thema is a car produced by Lancia. It replaced the Lancia Gamma in 1984, and were replaced by the Lancia Kappa in 1994.

Engines 
 2.0 i.e. 8V 83 kW (113 hp), 85 kW (116 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
 2.0 i.e. 16V 104 kW (141 hp), 108 kW (147 hp) and 114 kW (155 hp)
 2.0 i.e. 8V Turbo 110 kW (150 hp) and 122 kW (166 hp)
 2.0 i.e. 16V Turbo 133 kW (181 hp) and 151 kW (205 hp)
 2850 V6 i.e. 12V 108 kW (147 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
 3000 V6 i.e. 12V 128 kW (174 hp)
 3.0 V8 32V 8.32 151 kW (205 hp) and 158 kW (215 hp)
 2.4 TD 74 kW (101 hp)
 2.5 TD 85 kW (116 hp)

Thema
Front wheel drive vehicles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
Ruslan Viktorovych  Fedotenko (born January 18, 1979) is Ukrainian professional ice hockey player. He has played in National Hockey League ice hockey left winger for the New York Rangers. Fedotenko has also played for the Philadelphia Flyers for two seasons, the Tampa Bay Lightning for four seasons, the New York Islanders for one season and the Pittsburgh Penguins for two seasons before being signed to a 1-year-deal worth $1 million after accepting a tryout with the New York Rangers.

Was recognized as the best hockey player in Ukraine in 2009.

He is a two-time Stanley Cup winner with the Tampa Bay Lightning (2004) and the Pittsburgh Penguins (2009).

Career

Professional career. 
In the 1995/96 season he played two matches for Sokol in the MHL and 33 for the Kyiv farm club SHVSM in the first VEHL championship. The next season he went to train in the junior team of the Finnish TPS.

From 1997 to 2000, he played for teams in the junior and lower American leagues.
On October 24, 2000 he made his debut for Philadelphia in the NHL. In the first game against the Rangers, he has made an assist.

He scored his first goal in the NHL against Dominik Hasek on November 4, 2000.

Traded to Tampa Bay on June 21, 2002 for the first round choice number four (Yoni Pitkanena).

2004 Stanley Cup winner with the Tampa Bay Lightning. Fedotenko scored 12 goals in 22 playoff matches with the Lightning, including a double in the seventh Stanley Cup final against the Calgary Flames (2-1), which brought Tampa the first Stanley Cup in team history.

In the summer of 2007, as a free agent, he signed a 1-year contract with the New York Islanders for $ 2.9 million. He started the championship very successfully playing in the first line, gaining 11 points in 12 matches, but in the next 18 matches, the hockey player scored only 4 points, as a result was transferred to the second link.
After the end of the 07/08 season, he moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins. The contract was calculated for 1 year in the amount of $ 2.5 million. With the team won the Stanley Cup in the season 08/09. After a successful season, the team signed a new contract until 2010.

In October 2010, as a free agent, he signed a 1-year contract with the New York Rangers. After the end of the 10/11 season, a new one-year contract for $ 1.4 million was signed.

Since July 2013 he has been playing for the Donbass hockey club (Donetsk) in the Kontinental Hockey League.

In the 2014-2015 season, he signed a trial contract with the NHL New Jersey Devils.

In January 2015, signed a viewing contract with the AHL Iowa Wild.

International 
He played for the Ukrainian national team at the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.

Achievements 
Stanley Cup Winner (2): 2004 and 2009

Recognized as the best hockey player in Ukraine 2009

Played at the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City as part of the Ukrainian national team.
Other websites 

1979 births
Living people
Iowa Wild players
New York Islanders players
New York Rangers players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Philadelphia Phantoms players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sportspeople from Kyiv
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Ukrainian ice hockey players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
United States Hockey League players
Christopher Roy Oddleifson (born September 7, 1950 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He in the National Hockey League from 1972 until 1981. He is best known for his time with the Vancouver Canucks, where he was one of the team's top players for much of the 1970s and served as team captain in 1976–77.

Playing career
Oddleifson was selected 10th overall in the 1970 NHL Amateur Draft by the California Golden Seals following a final junior season with the Winnipeg Jets of the WCHL, during which he finished with 95 points (including a league-leading 64 assists) and 243 penalty minutes. However, he was assigned to the minor leagues and would never play an National Hockey League game for the Seals, and was dealt to the Boston Bruins mid-way through the 1971–72 season.
In 1975–76, Oddleifson would have his finest NHL season, as he notched 16 goals and a club-leading 46 assists for a career high 62 points. Although his production waned somewhat in the next few seasons, he remained one of the team's top all-around forwards and most popular players. He was named team captain for 1976–77, although he was replaced by Don Lever the following year. In 1977–78, he recorded a career-high 17 goals for the club.

By the 1979–80 season, the emergence of young stars like Thomas Gradin, Stan Smyl and Curt Fraser, as well as the acquisition of several skilled veterans, had pushed Oddleifson into a mainly defensive role, and he finished the season with career lows of just 8 goals and 28 points. Early in the 1980–81 campaign, he was assigned to the Dallas Black Hawks, effectively ending his NHL career.
Oddleifson spent two more seasons playing in Switzerland before retiring in 1983. He finished his NHL career with totals 95 goals and 191 assists for 286 points in 524 games, along with 464 penalty minutes.

Following his career, Oddleifson returned to Vancouver and became a successful real estate agent. He remains active with the Canuck Oldtimers squad.

Awards and achievements 
MJHL Second All-Star Team (1968)
WCJHL First All-Star Team (1970)
“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

Career statistics

References

Other websites

Chris Oddleifson's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame 

1950 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Braves (AHL) players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
Providence Reds players
Vancouver Canucks players
Winnipeg Jets (WHL) players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Alexandre "Alex" Plante (born May 9, 1989) is a Canadian-South Korean professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Oklahoma City Barons of the American Hockey League. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft and made his National Hockey League (NHL) debut in 2009–10. He is the son of former professional defenceman Cam Plante, while his brother, Tyler, is a goaltender in the Florida Panthers organization.

Playing career
Plante played junior hockey for the Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL).  The Hitmen selected him with their second round pick, 21st overall, in the 2004 WHL Bantam Draft. He established himself as a regular on Calgary's blue line in 2005–06, playing in 54 games.  He appeared in 58 more in 2006–07 and attracted greater attention from NHL scouts in the 2007 playoffs, scoring 11 points in 13 games.  As a result, the Edmonton Oilers selected him 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, a higher position than he was initially expected to go. Several injuries limited Plante to 36 games in 2007–08 and he failed to report to Calgary's training camp prior to the 2008–09 WHL season, claiming that the team had treated him poorly the previous year. While he initially demanded a trade out of Calgary, Plante ultimately recanted and returned to the Hitmen early in the season
. He rebounded from his "nightmare season" in 2007–08 to rank among the leaders of the Hitmen defence with 45 points in the regular season and another 15 in the playoffs before Calgary was upset in the league championship series by the Kelowna Rockets.
The Oilers signed Plante to a three-year contract following the season. He began his professional career in 2009–10 with Edmonton's top minor league affiliate, the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League (AHL). Several injuries on Edmonton's defence led the Oilers to recall Plante, and he made his NHL debut on February 1, 2010 against the Carolina Hurricanes and recorded an assist. He was returned to Springfield as injured players returned to the Oilers' lineup.

Career statistics

References

Other websites 

Alex Plante's profile at the WHL 

1989 births
Calgary Hitmen players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
Oklahoma City Barons players
Springfield Falcons players
American Hockey League players
Phan Thanh Giản or Phan Thanh Jan(潘淸簡, 1796 - 1867) was a Vietnamese politician, diplomat and historian. He was Vietnam's diplomat in France, the war.

Book 
 《欽定越史通鑑綱目》

1796 births
1867 deaths
Suicides by poison
Vietnamese politicians
Silversun Pickups is an American indie band from Los Angeles, California. Silversun Pickups has four members in the band; the current band members are Brian Aubert, Nikki Monninger, Joe Lester, Christopher Guanlao.

Career 
The band was formed by four friends and was originally called, A Couple of Couples but was changed to Silversun Pickups because it was an off licence across from the Silverlake Lounge and near their house at Sunset and Silverlake Blvds in Los Angeles. The band currently has Brian Aubert on Vocals and guitar, Nikki Monninger on bass and vocals, Chris Guanlao on drums and Joe Lester on keyboards, samples and sound manipulation.

Band members 

Current
Brian Aubert – guitar/Vocals 
Nikki Monninger – bass guitar/vocals 
Chris Guanlao – drums 
Joe Lester – keyboards/samples/sound manipulation 

Former
Jack Kennedy - Rhythm Guitar
Elvira Gonzalez - Drums

Discography 
So far as of 2011, Silversun Pickups has released 4 EPs and two albums.

Albums
Carnavas (2006)
Swoon (2009)
EPs
Pikul (EP) (2005)
Remixes (2007)
Live Session (2007) (iTunes Exclusive)
The Tripwire Session: Live in Chicago (2007)

Other websites 
 Official website

Alternative rock bands
Indie rock bands
American rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
A tube worm is a worm-like sessile invertebrate which anchors its tail to an underwater surface. It creates a mineral tube around its body, and can withdraw the body into it.

Tube worms are found in these groups:
 The phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
 The class Polychaetea  (bristle worms)
 The order Canalipalpata  (bristle-footed annelids or fan-head worms)
 The family Siboglinidae (beard worms)
 The genus Lamellibrachia
 The species Riftia pachyptila (giant tube worm)
 The family Serpulidae
 The family Sabellidae (feather duster worms)
 The phylum Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
 The order Microconchida (extinct tubeworms)
A kraken is an imaginary sea monster of huge size, said to have dwelt off the coasts of Norway, Greenland, and Iceland. The legend may actually have originated from sightings of real giant squid. They are estimated to grow to 13–15 m (40–50 ft) in length, including the tentacles.

The mysterious sea monster started to be talked about in literary works as far back as 1180, according to paleontologist Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador.

Cryptozoology
Leviathan (, "twisted, coiled"), is a monster mentioned in the Bible. In Satanism Leviathan is believed to be one of the princes of Hell. The word has become synonymous with any large sea monster or creature. In classical literature (such as the novel Moby-Dick) it refers to great whales, and in Modern Hebrew, it means simply "whale."

Old Testament
Monsters
A k-line or kill line is an IRC term. When a user is k-lined, he or she is banned from a certain server, either for some time or forever. When the user is banned they are not allowed to join that server again and have to join another one to get back onto IRC. This is recorded as a line in the server's IRC daemon configuration file which has the letter "K" at the beginning. This is where "K-line" comes from.

Internet Relay Chat
A Group 11 element is one in the series of elements in group 11 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, consisting of transition metals which are the traditional coinage metals of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold  (Au). Roentgenium (Rg) belongs to this group of elements based on its electronic configuration, but it is a short-lived transactinide with a 22.8 seconds half-life that has only been observed in laboratory conditions. The name "coinage metals" is often used in casual speech to refer to these elements, but various cultures have used many other metals in coinage including aluminium, lead, nickel, stainless steel,  and zinc.

History
All the elements of the group except Roentgenium have been known since prehistoric times, as all of them occur in metallic form in nature and no extraction metallurgy has to be used to produce them.
Characteristics
Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in its electron configuration, especially the outermost shells resulting in trends in chemical behavior:

They are all relatively inert, corrosion-resistant metals.  Copper and gold are colored.

These elements have low electrical resistivity so they are used for wiring. Copper is the cheapest and most widely used. Bond wires for integrated circuits are usually gold. Silver and silver plated copper wiring are found in some special applications.
Applications
These metals, especially silver, have unusual properties that make them essential for industrial applications outside of their monetary or decorative value. They are all excellent conductors of electricity.   The most conductive of all metals are silver, copper and gold in that order.  Silver is also the most thermally conductive element, and the most light reflecting element. Silver also has the unusual property that the tarnish that forms on silver is still highly electrically conductive. 

Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry. Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free. Silver is used widely in mission-critical applications as electrical contacts, and is also used in photography (because silver nitrate reverts to metal on exposure to light), agriculture, medicine, audiophile and scientific applications.
Gold, silver, and copper are quite soft metals and so are easily damaged in daily use as coins. Precious metal may also be easily abraded and worn away through use. In their numismatic functions these metals must be alloyed with other metals to afford coins greater durability. The alloying with other metals makes the resulting coins harder, less likely to become deformed and more resistant to wear.

Gold coins:  Gold coins are typically produced as 90% gold (e.g. with pre-1933 US coins), or 22 carat (92%) gold (e.g. current collectible coins and Krugerrands), with copper and silver making up the remaining weight in each case.  Bullion gold coins are being produced with up to 99.999% gold (in the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf series).
Silver coins:  Silver coins are typically produced as either 90% silver - in the case of pre 1965 US minted coins (which were circulated in many countries), or sterling silver (92.5%) coins for pre-1920 British Commonwealth and other silver coinage, with copper making up the remaining weight in each case.

Copper coins:  Copper coins are often of quite high purity, around 97%, and are usually alloyed with small amounts of zinc and tin.

Inflation has caused the face value of coins to fall below the hard currency value of the historically used metals.  This had led to most modern coins being made of base metals - copper nickel (around 80:20, silver in color) is popular as are nickel-brass (copper (75), nickel (5) and zinc (20), gold in color), manganese-brass (copper, zinc, manganese, and nickel), bronze, or simple plated steel.

References

Related pages

11
Currency
Coins
A shadow cabinet is a term which applies in some parliamentary democracies based on the UK parliamentary tradition. It is a group of politicians who hold a political position in their party, but whose party is not in government (that is, an opposition party). A member of the shadow cabinet is a shadow minister. The leader of a shadow cabinet is called the Leader of the Opposition. The term is of United Kingdom origin, and is used by some members of the Commonwealth. Some elements are found in other democratic systems of government.

Each minister of a Cabinet has a corresponding shadow minister. The shadow minister may provide alternative policies to the minister in the government. The two of them may debate on issues relating to their area of jurisdiction. For example, the British "Shadow Secretary of State for Health" often replies to the Secretary of State for Health.
The current UK Shadow Cabinet is made up of members of the Labour Party. The term refers only to the party in opposition which has the most seats of the opposition parties.

References 

Parliamentary procedure
A smartphone is a mobile phone that can also be used as a computer. They work as a computer but are mobile devices small enough to fit in a user's hand.

Uses include:
 Sending and receiving emails, text, photographs and multimedia messages
 Registering contacts
 Calculator, currency conversions, alarm, etc. functions
 Browsing the Internet using a mobile browser
 Playing games
 Video chat
 Mobile payment for goods or services
 Barcode scanning
 Photography and video recording
 Use as torch to make light in dark areas
 Taking and searching notes 
 Showing map of user's location by GPS (Global Positioning System) 

Another way to think of them is that they are PDAs that can make voice calls like any other mobile phone. Older phones also used computer technology, but lacked many of the parts of a computer that were too big to fit into a phone. Modern phone makers have been able to use smaller parts. Most smartphones are also GPS receivers and digital cameras.
Because smartphones are small computers, they run an operating system that is often common between devices to ensure compatibility. The majority of smartphones run on Apple iOS or Google Android but others use Windows Phone or BlackBerry OS. Most can do multitasking, running  more than one program which helps the user do things quicker and easier. Users can get more programs, called mobile apps, from the manufacturer's app store, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play which can help them complete special tasks. 

Data communication has become faster. Smart phones can send and receive data much faster than older phones. The industry uses different standards to label the data transmission rates. 2G was introduced in 1991. 2G means 2nd Generation. 2G phones transmit data at about the same speed as a 56kbit/s (kilobits per second) dial-up modem would get.
Smartphones are powered by batteries.  The amount of energy they can store is reduced over time, and they become weaker.  This causes the phone to become slower and later to turn itself off without the user asking for it.  Some smartphones are designed so the user is able to take off the rear cover and replace the weakened battery.  Most newer smartphones are not made like this.

Use as camera 
Smartphones are also camera phones.  They are usually not as capable as dedicated cameras.  Some phones have sophisticated camera software allowing such features as independent setting of bitrate, framerate and resolution,.  Such controls have only been adapted starting in the mid-2010s.  As of early 2021, mobile phone chipsets may be capable of 2160p 4K video capture at 120 frames per second.

Related pages 
 Mobile phone
 Android
 iPhone
 Windows Phone
 BlackBerry
 Symbian

References
Michelle Malkin (born October 20, 1970) is a conservative blogger, political commentator and author. She runs a weekly syndicated column. Her weekly syndicated column is in a number of newspapers and websites. She is a Fox News Channel contributor and has been a guest on MSNBC, C-SPAN, and national radio programs. Malkin has written four books published by Regnery Publishing.

References

1970 births
Living people
American political commentators
American political writers
American bloggers
The Dodge B-Series were a series of passenger or cargo vans which began around 1971 and ended in 2003. These vans were full sized. They had the names of Sportsman for the passenger van. The cargo vans were named Dodge Tradesman. This was before 1979, beginning in which year these vehicles were renamed Dodge Ram. The vehicles were marketed under Dodge. The B-Series vans were discontinued in June 2003 and replaced with the Dodge Sprinter, a rebadged Mercedes which was already on sale since 2002, the model line competes with the Chevrolet Van, Chevrolet Express, Ford Econoline, and GMC Savana.

Vans
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Sedans
Town Car
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son is a studio album by Iron Maiden.  It went on sale on 11 April 1988.

It is a concept album, and talks about the idea that a seventh son of a seventh son has special powers.  The album was the most popular one in th eUnited Kingdom when it went on sale.

The album got good reviews.  One person who reviewed it said that "ranks among [Iron Maiden's] best work."

Musicians
 Bruce Dickinson - lead vocals
 Dave Murray - guitar
 Adrian Smith - guitar, backing vocals, synth
 Steve Harris - bass, string synth,  backing vocals
 Nicko McBrain - drums, percussion

Track listing

References

Iron Maiden albums
1988 albums
Candida albicans is a yeast which causes oral and genital infections in humans. The infection is candidiasis, better known as "thrush". It is treated with antimycotics (anti-fungal drugs).

C. albicans biofilms readily form on the surface of medical devices. Hospital-related infections in patients are a major health concern.

C. albicans is among the gut flora, the many organisms that live in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Under normal circumstances, it lives in 80% of the human population with no harmful effects, although overgrowth results in candidiasis.

Fungi
America's Got Talent (sometimes abbreviated as AGT) is an American reality television series on the NBC television network, and part of the global British Got Talent series franchise. It began in June 21, 2006. It features singers, dancers, magicians and other talents from America to compete for a contract and $1,000,000 and as a headliner on the Las Vegas Strip since season 3.

Format 
Artists compete for the judges votes. Before appearing, Applicants must audition to impress the crew who works on the show. This is how people get a chance to impress the judges. 

Note: Certain seasons may have different variations of rounds.
Once applicants have made the show, they go on stage with the judges. Before the act, they introduce themselves("Who are you and where are you from?") is a common line. They perform their act with added help from the crew that helps the contestants with playing music, and props. The coaches have a big red X button they can press if the act starts performing and they get bored, don't like the act, or think the act isn't "talent" material or just plain stupid. If an act receives all of the Judges X's, they must stop performing, however, some have ignored the unofficial rule. After the act is complete, the judges make comments make positive and/or negative about it. Each judge then votes. If an act received 3 Yes's(75%) or more, they move on to the next round of competition. If an act received 2 yes's(50%) or less, they are eliminated from the competition. X's do not determine a judge's yes or no decision
. Even if an act received four X's, they can still go through if they can convince the judges to give them 3 yes's, they still go through.
Judge Cuts 
The second round of the competition features the contestants performing an act again(usually better and bigger) than the last time. The Judges decide on a certain number of acts moving to the live shows. The contestants are usually split into a certain number of groups as well. The judges decide who moves on as a group, instead of individually. The judges can still X a performance, but all performances are eligible to move on when the judges X a performance, even with four X's.

Live Shows

Overview

References

Other websites

2006 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
NBC network shows
Television series created by Simon Cowell
American reality television series
Reality television competitions
English-language television programs
Stained glass is glass coloured by adding metallic salts when it is made. The coloured glass is made into stained glass windows. Small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures. The glass is held together  by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame.

Painted details and yellow stain are often used to improve the design. The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln.

Stained glass is much used in Christian art but other themes are not rare. It is still popular today, and often called art glass. It is often used in luxury homes and commercial buildings.

Some colours are added to stained glass by the salts of:
 Copper: metal gives dark red glass
 Gold: metal in tiny amounts (0.001%) produces ruby red glass
 Silver, usually silver nitrate, gives range of red to yellow colours
 Cobalt: brilliant blue
 Manganese dioxide: green
 Iron(II) oxide: blue-green
 Chromium: dark green

References
References 

Glass
Art
Architectural elements
Shutter Island is a 2010 American psychological thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese, with Leonardo DiCaprio, based on novel Dennis Levane.

The movie cost about $80 million to make.  Worldwide, it had a total gross profit of $294,803,014.

References

Other websites 

2010 thriller movies
2010 mystery movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Chevrolet Caprice and Caprice Classic are fully sized vehicles produced by General Motors. The vehicles were first produced around 1965. The cars were discontinued in the United States during 1996, though they returned for 2011. These cars are used as police vehicles or as taxis in many countries.

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Caprice
This is a list of United States senators from Kansas.

Class 3

Notes

Kansas

United States senators
Euston Road is the main east/west road in the north central London.

A number of railway stations are on the Euston Road including Marylebone station, Baker Street tube station, Great Portland Street tube station, Euston railway station, Euston tube station, Euston Square tube station, King's Cross station, St Pancras station and King's Cross St Pancras tube station.

It is also the home of the British Library, the Friend's Meeting House (a place of worship for Quakers) and various buildings associated with University College London.

Euston Road is connected to Marylebone Road, Baker Street, Tottenham Court Road, Pentonville Road and many other roads.

Roads in London
The Calvin cycle (also known as the Benson-Calvin cycle) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.  

The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. 

The Calvin cycle is named after Melvin C. Calvin, who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for finding it in 1961. Calvin and his colleagues, Andrew Benson and James Bassham, did the work at the University of California, Berkeley.

Context 
Using the radioactive carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin, Andrew Benson and their team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis. They traced the carbon-14 from soaking up its atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. The single-celled algae Chlorulla was used to trace the carbon-14.
The Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacture of organic compounds, not directly on carbon dioxide as previously believed.

Steps
The steps in the cycle are as follows:

1. Grab: A five-carbon carbon catcher called RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate) catches one molecule of carbon dioxide and forms a six-carbon molecule.

2. Split: the enzyme RuBisCO (with the energy of ATP and NADPH molecules) breaks the six-carbon molecule into two equal parts.

3. Leave: A trio of carbons leave and become sugar. The other trio moves on to the next step.

4. Switch: Using ATP and NADPH, the three carbon molecule is changed into a five carbon molecule.

5. The cycle starts over again.

The product 
The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules, or 'glucose triose phosphates' (G3P). Each step of the cycle has its own enzyme which speeds up the reaction.

References

Plant physiology
Photosynthesis
A political machine (sometimes called just machine in politics) is a political organization in which a person or small group with authority that has enough votes or is popular enough to have control over political administration or any type of government in a city, county, or state. The term political machine has been used mostly since the 19th century in the United States, used to describe machines like Tamanny Hall who stayed in control mostly because of the large support from the immigrants in Manhattan during the 19th century.

References 

Political organizations
Hall & Oates is an American musical group. The members are Daryl Hall and John Oates. They came from Philadelphia. Their greatest fame was from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. During this time they had many hit songs. They faded from view in 1990, but the duo are still performing together.

Albums 
 Whole Oats (1972)
 Abandoned Luncheonette (1973)
 War Babies (1974)
 Daryl Hall & John Oates (1975)
 Bigger Than Both of Us (1976)
 Beauty on a Back Street (1977)
 Along the Red Ledge (1978)
 X-Static (1979)
 Voices (1980)
 Private Eyes (1981)
 H2O (1982)
 Big Bam Boom (1984)
 Ooh Yeah! (1988)
 Change of Season (1990)
 Marigold Sky (1997)
 Do It for Love (2003)
 Our Kind of Soul (2004)
 Home for Christmas (2006)

Other websites
Hall & Oates Official website
1969 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups from Philadelphia
Soul bands
1960s establishments in Pennsylvania
The title Duke of Normandy was given to the rulers of the duchy of Normandy. This fief was created in 911 by Charles the Simple King of France for Rollo, a leader of Northmen. In 1066 the seventh duke, William II, became King William I of England. The title of Duke of Normandy was held by the Kings of England until Henry III gave up the title by treaty in 1259. King John had lost mainland Normandy in 1204, and kept only the Channel Islands.  Today the Channel Islands are a British Crown dependency.

In 1660 when King Charles II was restored to the throne, the King of France, Louis XIV, created Charles' brother James Duke of Normandy, probably as a show of support for monarchy and to stop Charles claiming the title himself.

Early Dukes of Normandy (911-1204)

House of Normandy
House of Normandy 

Rollo 911-928
William I Longsword 928-942
Richard I 942-997
Richard II the Good 996-1026
Richard III 1026–1027
Robert I The Magnificent 1027-1035
William the Conqueror* 1035-1087 (William II as Duke of Normandy, William I as King of England)
Robert II Curthose 1087-1106
William Rufus* as regent 1096-1100
William Clito as claimant 1106-1134
Henry I Beauclerk* 1106-1135
William III Atheling (Under his father, Henry I)
Stephen of Blois* 1135-1144 (usurped from Empress Matilda)

House of Plantagenet 

Geoffrey Plantagenet 1144-1150 (jure uxoris)
Henry II* 1150-1189
Henry the Young King* as junior duke 1170–1183
Richard IV Lionheart* 1189-1199
John Lackland* 1199-1216, lost mainland Normandy in 1204.
Henry III* 1216–1259, renounced mainland Normandy and the ducal title by Treaty of Paris (1259).

Notes

References 

Dukes and duchesses of Normandy
Kings and Queens of England
Channel Islands
Fernando Wood (14 June 1812 – 14 February, 1881) was an American politician of the Democratic Party from Pennsylvania. He served as the Mayor of New York City twice (1855 – 1857, 1860 – 1862), United States Representative three times (1841–1843, 1863–1865, and 1867–1881) and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in both the 45th and 46th United States Congress (1877–1881). He was head of the political machine Tammany Hall. In 1854 he was elected Mayor of New York City and took office in 1855. He ran again in 1856, but lost to Daniel F. Tiemann, who was mayor from 1857 to 1859.  Wood was re-elected in 1860 and took office again that year, for the last time. After being a mayor, Wood returned to the United States Congress. He died at the age of 68.

1812 births
1881 deaths
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Philadelphia
Mayors of New York City
United States representatives from New York (state)
Terry Edward Branstad (born November 17, 1946) is an American politician. He was the United States Ambassador to China from May 24, 2017 to October 4, 2020. He was the 42nd Governor of Iowa from in January 14, 2011 until his resignation on May 24, 2017. Branstad was the 39th governor of Iowa from 1983 to 1999 and President of Des Moines University from 2003 to 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party and is the longest-serving governor in Iowa or American history.

In 2010, he won a three-way primary election to run as the Republican candidate for governor. He ran against incumbent Governor Chet Culver, a Democrat, and four third party candidates in the November 2, 2010 general election. He won the general election in November, defeating Culver by 52.9% to 43.1%.

Branstad started the 2010 race with a lead in both the primary and general elections. He won the Republican primary with 50.4% of the vote, 9.5% ahead of the next candidate.
On December 14, 2015, Branstad became the longest serving governor in American history.

In December 2016, Branstad was nominated by President-elect of the United States Donald Trump to become the United States Ambassador to China. Branstad was confirmed by the Senate on May 22, 2017, and was succeeded as Governor of Iowa by Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds after he resigns to take up the ambassadorship. He resigned in October 2020.

Early life
Branstad's family were Norwegian-American Lutheran farmers who lived in Leland, Iowa.  Branstad graduated from the University of Iowa and earned a Juris Doctor degree from Drake University Law School. He served in the United States Army from 1969 to 1971 and earned the Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service. In 1989, he was named an honorary member of Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity at Iowa State University.
Branstad served three terms in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979 and served as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1979 to 1983, when he was elected Governor of Iowa.

Governor of Iowa (1983–1999)

When he became governor at age 36, Branstad was the youngest governor in Iowa's history and when he left office, he was Iowa's longest-serving governor. He served as chair of the National Governors Association during 1989–1990, and was chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. In 1997, he chaired the Education Commission of the States, the Republican Governors Association, and the Governors' Ethanol Coalition. Honor doctor of University of Northern Iowa.

Post-gubernatorial career
After Branstad's term as governor ended in 1999, he founded Branstad and Associates, LLC and was also a partner in the firm of Kaufman, Pattee, Branstad & Miller, and a financial advisor for Robert W. Baird and Co.
In August 2003, Branstad became the president of Des Moines University. On October 16, 2009, he said that he was leaving Des Moines University to run for governor again.

In 2001, Branstad was appointed by President George W. Bush to chair the President's Commission for Excellence in Special Education. This group's goal was to make a plan to improve the educational performance of students with disabilities. After finishing that work with the commission in 2003, he was asked to serve as a member of the National Advisory Council for Positive Action for Teen Health, or PATH. The Council's goal is to detect adolescent mental illness.

Branstad is or was on the boards of the Conmed Health Management Inc, American Future Fund, Iowa Health System, Liberty Bank, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and Living History Farms.
2010 Gubernatorial campaign and election
On August 2, 2009, the Des Moines Register reported that Branstad might run for the Republican nomination for governor. On October 7, 2009, Branstad filed papers to run for governor in the 2010 election. According to a poll taken in September 2009 by The Des Moines Register, he had a 70% positive rating from Iowans compared to Governor Chet Culver's rating of 50%.

On June 8, 2010, Branstad won the Republican primary election in Iowa; on January 2, 2010, he won the general election.

United States Ambassador to China
On December 8, 2016, Branstad accepted President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of him for the post of United States Ambassador to China (PRC).

Branstad was confirmed by the United States Senate on a 83-12 vote on May 22, 2017, and was succeeded as Governor of Iowa by Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds once he resigned to take up the ambassadorship.

Branstad announced his resignation on September 15, 2020. He left the ambassadorship on October 4, 2020.
Electoral history
 1982 election for Governor of Iowa:
1982 General Election:
 Terry Branstad (R), 52.8%
 Roxanne Conlin (D), 46.6%
 1986 election for Governor of Iowa:1986 General Election:
 Terrie Branstad (R), 51.9%
 Lowell Junkins (D), 48.0%
 1990 election for Governor of Iowa:
1990 General Election:
 Terry Branstad (R), 60.6%
 Donald Avenson (D), 38.8%
 1994 election for Governor of Iowa:Republican Primary 
 Terry Branstad (R), 51.8%
 Fred Grandy (R), 48.1%

1994 General Election:
 Terry Branstad (R), 56.8%
 Bonnie Campbell (D), 41.6%
 2010 election for Governor of Iowa:Republican Primary 
 Terry Branstad (R), 114,290 votes, 50.4%
 Bob Vander Plaats (R), 92,759, 40.9%
 Rod Roberts (R), 19,916, 8.8%

'2010 General Election:
 Terry Branstad (R), 52.9%
 Chet Culver (D), 43.1%

References

 Other websites 

 Branstad Reynolds 2010  official campaign site''
 Terry Branstad Campaign Material by ArchivoElectoral.org
 

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1946 births
Living people
Governors of Iowa
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
Ambassadors of the United States to China
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
The Ford Expedition is a full sized SUV that can carry up to nine people. This SUV debuted around 1997 as a replacement for Ford Bronco. The vehicle is used by EMS, by law enforcement and by fire department agencies.

First Generation (1997-2002)   

The First generation Expedition, also known as the UN93 was manufactured on July 22, 1996 in Wayne, Michigan  and Revealed on October 2 ,1996. Its front end is identical to the 10th gen Ford F-150. It has 3 variants, XLT, Eddie Bauer, and SVT (Which was discontinued days later). The engines can be a 4.6, 5.4, and 5.6.

Second Generation (2003-2006) 

The Second generation Expedition was manufactured on March 2002 under the U222 chassis code in Wayne, Michigan and revealed at the 2002 North American International Auto Show.  

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Expedition
Full-size vehicles
Sport utility vehicles
Chironex fleckeri, commonly known as sea wasp, is a well-known, lethal,  venomous species of Box jellyfish. It lives in coastal waters from northern Australia and New Guinea north to the Philippines and Vietnam. Humans can easily be killed by its sting. It is considered the most lethal jellyfish in the world because of the numerous incidents resulting in injury or death to humans.

References

Other websites 
 
 Distribution of Box Jellyfish in Australia

Jellyfish
Venomous animals
About 300 roads were closed, including nine major highways. Many places, including Condamine and Chinchilla were flooded several times. Coal railway lines were closed and many mine sites flooded. The floods have caused fruit and vegetable prices to rise as crops have been destroyed. The wet conditions have also led to a large number of snakes seeking safety on the higher ground or in houses with people. Saltwater crocodiles and sharks were seen in some flooded areas of towns.

Flooding in the Fitzroy River 
The flooding forced 8,000 people to leave Theodore, Queensland Theodore and other towns. The military transported people by helicopter to an evacuation centre at Moura, Queensland. The total evacuation of a Queensland town had never happened before.
Emerald, Queensland was cut-off by road on 29 December as the Nogoa River rose. The next day, the river level rose above the 2008 flood peak level of . At the peak of the flooding, 80% of the town was flooded, the worst the town ever experienced. 1,200 people from Emerald were listed as evacuees.

Rockhampton had nearly a week to get ready for the flood peak from the Fitzroy River, which flows through the centre of the city. The airport was closed on 1 January. A metal flood barrier was set up to protect the buildings. An evacuation centre was set up at the Central Queensland University. The Bruce Highway leading south out of Rockhampton was closed to traffic. The river reached  just short the of the predicted  maximum.
The Port of Gladstone cut back its coal exports because the coal piles at the port were too wet and further coal deliveries could not be made by rail. The Goonyella railway line which is used by a number of coal mines in the Bowen Basin was closed for one week and shipments of grain were also stopped.

Burnett River - The River of Magic Water

The towns of Gayndah, Queensland and Mundubbera, Queensland when the Burnett River flooded on 28–29 December. The river peaked at  at Mundubbera. This was the highest river height since 1942 and flooded more than 20 houses. Downstream at Gayndah, the river peaked at  with floodwaters reaching two houses. Both towns were isolated for several days and there was major disruption to the drinking water supply and local agricultural production.

Bundaberg had its worst flooding in 40 years, after the Burnett River flooded the city. Floodwater forced 300 households to leave their homes .

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Fitzroy Basin in flood – why and how?
 Flooding in Australia and Flooding in Rockhampton, Queensland at NASA Earth Observatory
 Flash flood death toll rises to 9
 Brisbane City Council COP Situational Awareness Application , a map showing the flooding in Brisbane
 Australian floods wreak havoc on Queensland economy

2010 floods
2011 floods
2011 in Australia
Floods in Australia
Disasters in Queensland
December 2010 events
January 2011 events
2010s disasters in Australia
The Ford Flex was a full size crossover which was manufactured by Ford Motor Company. Its styling was based on the concept of the Ford Fairlane. The vehicle made its debut in 2007 at the New York International Auto Show. It replaced the Ford Freestar as well as its sibling, the Mercury Monterey and the Ford Taurus X and began sales in June 2008 as a 2009 model. It was facelifted for the 2013 model year and ended production in 2019.

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Flex
Rod R. Blagojevich (born December 10, 1956) was 40th Governor of Illinois beginning January 13, 2003 and ending January 29, 2009. He succeeded George Ryan, who would also be arrested for non-related charges. Blagojevich was the first Governor of Illinois to be impeached while in office and the first Democratic politician in over 25 years to face such charges. In February 2020, President Donald Trump ended Blagojevich's prison sentence four years earlier.

Early life
Blagojevich was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children. His father, Radislav, was an immigrant steel plant laborer from a village near Kragujevac, Serbia. Blagojevich graduated from Chicago's Foreman High School after transferring from Lane Technical High School. He began boxing at a young age.
Governor of Illinois
During 2002, Blagojevich campaigned for his party's nomination to become governor. Blagojevich won a close primary campaign against former Illinois Attorney General Roland Burris and Chicago Public Schools Superintendent Paul Vallas, who ran well in the suburban collar counties of Chicago. Blagojevich finished strongly in Southern Illinois, winning 55% of the primary vote downstate, enough to win a primary victory by a thin margin.

In the general election, Blagojevich defeated Topinka and the Green Party's Rich Whitney, outspending Topinka $27 million to $6 million. He attempted to tie Topinka to former Republican governor George Ryan's corruption. Blagojevich won re-election.
Arrest and conviction
He was arrested in December 2008 on federal corruption charges, including conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud. Blagojevich was later impeached during January 2009, convicted and removed from office on January 29, 2009. On December 7, 2011, Blagojevich was sentenced to 14 years in federal prison. He is held at Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood in Jefferson County, Colorado.

On May 31, 2018, President Donald Trump, soon after having pardoned commentator Dinesh D'Souza, told reporters that he was considering reducing Blagojevich's sentence (without pardoning him). Trump called Blagojevich's 14-year sentence "unfair", saying that Blagojevich's statements about enriching himself were "stupid", but also the sort of thing "that many other politicians say".

President Donald Trump commuted his sentence on February 18, 2020, ending his sentence four years early.