Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Synchronized swimming is a sport that is practiced in the water. It is a routine performed with music, like dancing. This sport is demanding because it needs  cardio and muscular power. It also requires a good capacity of location in three dimensions in the water while the athletes are performing.

History
Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1884, in Los Angeles, with solo and duo routines.  In Montreal, the first competition took place in 1924. Also, in 2000, they included team routines at Sydney’s Olympics. Synchronized swimming and rhythmic gymnastics are the only sports exclusively practiced by women at the Olympics.
Competitions
In Quebec, the provincial competitions are organised by Synchro Quebec. There are three different events to accomplish at the competition. First, the swimmer does a flexibility test that will count for 30% of the results. Secondly, the swimmer presents two to four figures in front of judges, depending on the level. Finally, all the athletes present their routine in front of the judges; there are solo, duo, combo and team routines. Figure and routine will count for 70% of results.
In the USA there are many levels of competition including State, Regional, Zone, Age Group National, and US Junior and Senior Opens. In each competition, athletes are judged on their level and age. There are four levels that are determined by skill level: novice (beginners), intermediate, age group (advanced), and masters (over the age of 20). Within these levels, are groups according to age: 8 and under, 9-10, 11-12, 13-15, 16-17, and 18-19. During a competition, there can be two to three events to accomplish. During the figure test, a swimmer needs to perform four figures that vary from competition to competition and level to level in front of a panel of judges. The four judges will each give a score from 1-10. The scores from each panel are averaged and added up. The results from the figure test are 50% of the team's final routine score. The next event is routines, where the performer presents a routine to the judges
. There are four different types, solo (one swimmer), duet (two swimmers), trio (three swimmers) and team (four to eight swimmers). Because the more people in a team routine, the harder it is to synchronize, a point will be added for each swimmer. Each routine has a certain length and certain elements that need to be included according to age and skill level. Occasionally, a large competition will have a flexibility test. For each team member who passes the test, a point will be added to the routine's final score.
Equipment
To practice synchronized swimming, athletes need a swimsuit for training, a black suit for the figure test and a routine suit for each routine competition that fits with the music. For example, if an athlete is swimming a duet and a team routine, two different competition swimsuits will be needed. Also, they will need goggles and bathing cap for trainings. These are not allowed for routine competition, only for the figure test. Only a white or black bathing cap can be worn at the figure test, because the objective is to not recognise athletes. To keep hair up on their head during the routine competition, athletes make a bun that is held by bobby pins and edible gelatin. Girls put on make-up that fits with their swimsuits.
Finally, it is important for synchronized swimming athletes to train. Training can consolidate muscle endurance, cardio endurance and increase flexibility. It allows a better performance during competitions. Trainings are frequent and very demanding. Swimmers need to be at their best in competition because only few points can determine the first and the second place.

References 

Water sports
Swimming
Boardwalk Empire is an American television show. It was created by Terrence Winter, who also created The Sopranos. This television show is based on the novel Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and the Corruption in Atlantic City from Nelson Johnson. The show started on HBO on September 19, 2010. It has been running for three seasons, with a total of 36 episodes. A fourth season will start showing in the second half of 2013.  On September 26, 2013, HBO announced that they were renewing the show for a fifth and final season starting in 2014. The producer is Mark Walhberg, who also produced the show Entourage. The show is about one of the first boardwalks in Atlantic City and the rise to power of legendary notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano and Nucky Johnson (called Nucky Thompson here).
The first episode was produced for US$18 million. Boardwalk Empire has been nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and has won 12 of them. It has also won the Golden Globe Award for best drama TV series. The series was in the top 30 to have ever played on national television. Some of the events of this show have a historical meaning like the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Most of the characters are based on real persons.
Story
The story takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition Era in the 1920s. It is about the life of main character Nucky Thompson. Thompson was a political figure and controlled a big part of Atlantic City during the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky has one younger brother named Eli who is also the sheriff of the place. During the first episode, alcohol is declared illegal so Nucky goes to bootlegging. He sees profit and a big opportunity there. He deals with corrupt politicians and mobsters from Chicago like Johnny Torrio (Al Capone mentor) and Arnold Rothstein most known for being a big gambler and New York kingpin. He also took an apprentice, Jimmy Darmody a young hero of the First World War, because he sees the potential in him. Nucky will have to deal with Nelson Kasper Van Alden a prohibition agent who watches his every move.

References

Sources
 Profile  on HBO
 Official website
 Historia TV
2010s American television series
2014 American television series endings
Emmy Award winning programs
Atlantic City, New Jersey
English-language television programs
American political drama television series
The Citroën C6 is a car produced by Citroën. It replaced the XM in 2005 which ended production in 2000. There was only a saloon model available and sales were slow throughout its production life and was discontinued in 2012. This car was used by former French presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy, and from 2012 by François Hollande. 

Front wheel drive vehicles
C6
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Wilma Jeanne Cooper (or just Jeanne Cooper; October 25, 1928 - May 8, 2013) was an American actress. She was best known for her Emmy Award-winning role as Katherine Chancellor on CBS' soap opera The Young and the Restless. She was a long serving television actress. 

Cooper was born in Taft, California on October 25, 1928. She was raised in Bakersfield, California. Cooper was married to Harry Bernsen, Jr. from 1954 until they divorced in 1977. They had three children, including actor Corbin Bernsen. Cooper died on May 8, 2013 from complications from COPD in Los Angeles, California, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 
 Jeanne Cooper bio  on The Young and the Restless CBS website
 Jeanne Cooper Obituary

Actors from California
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Deaths from COPD
1928 births
2013 deaths
The AMX-10RC is a modern reconnaissance battle tank. It was built for use in the French army, and has been exported to three countries.

Related pages
Russian invasion of Ukraine

Tanks
Military of France
Phill Lewis (born September 4, 1968) is an American actor, television director and comedian, often seen in comedic roles. He is best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on Disney Channel's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck.

Lewis was born in Uganda to an African-American family. His father Delano Lewis, was an U.S. Ambassador to South Africa. In 1993, Lewis was driving under the influence when he struck another car and killed one victim. He was convicted of manslaughter and driving under the influence. He was sentenced to five years in prison.

References

Other websites
 

1968 births
Living people
African American actors
African American comedians
American movie actors
American people convicted of manslaughter
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Comedians from Los Angeles
Richard Wilson, OBE (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is an Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He is best known for playing Victor Meldrew in the popular BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave from 1990 until 2000. He also appeared in the BBC drama Merlin as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot.

Wilson was born on 9 July 1936 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In March 2013, Wilson came out as gay.

References

Other websites

 
 The Official Richard Wilson Archive
 Exclusive Interview with Richard Wilson

1936 births
Living people
Gay men
LGBT actors
Scottish LGBT people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Scottish theatre directors
People from Greenock
Dallas Albert Willard (September 4, 1935 – May 8, 2013) was an American philosopher also known for his writings on Christian spiritual formation. His work in philosophy has been primarily in phenomenology, particularly the work of Edmund Husserl. He was Professor of Philosophy at The University of Southern California.

Willard was born on September 4, 1935 in Buffalo, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College, at the Tennessee Temple College, at Baylor University, and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Willard died on May 8, 2013, after a short battle with cancer in Pasadena, California, aged 77. His last words were "Thank you."

References

Other websites
Dallas Willard's website (including many articles online)

1935 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American philosophers
American Christians
Writers from Missouri
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Jason Statham (born 26 July 1967) is an English Actor, Producer and former Model.

Statham is known for his roles in Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998),  Snatch (2000), The One (2001), The Transporter trilogy (2002–08), The Italian Job, (2003),  Death Race, Crank (2006), War (2007), The Bank Job (2008), The Expendables (2010), The Expendables 2 (2012), Expendables 3 (2014) and The Expendables 4 (2022). Many of these roles are as antihero in action movies. He does most of his own stunts.

Statham was born on 26 July 1967 in Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England. He was raised in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Statham has been partners with Kelly Brook from 1997 until they separated in 2004. He began dating model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley in April 2010 and they got engaged in 2016. He and Rosie welcomed a son named Jack in June 2017.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1967 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English movie producers
British martial artists
Actors from Derbyshire
Actors from Norfolk
British divers
In chemistry, a cyclic compound is a molecule where some atoms are linked together forming a loop or ring. Most of the time, these molecules are organic. There are also many examples of inorganic molecule forming rings.

Cyclic compounds can be aromatic - in this case they are flat. Benzene is a simple aromatic cyclic compound. When they are not aromatic, rings tend not to be flat to avoid steric effects.

Cyclic compounds are very important. Many drugs are based on them, like aspirin. There are many reactions that can make or break cyclic compounds. One important class of these is pericyclic reactions.

Chemical bonding
Bryan Forbes (John Theobold Clarke; 22 July 1926 – 8 May 2013) was a British actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer, and writer. He was known for directing the 1975 horror movie The Stepford Wives. He was nominated for an Academy Award.

Forbes was born on 22 July 1926 in Stratford, West Ham, Essex. He was raised in Forest Gate, West Ham. Forbes studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 

He was married to Constance Smith from 1951 until they divorced in 1954. He was married to Nanette Newman from 1955 until his death 2013. They had two daughters.

Forbes was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1975. In 2012, Forbes said that he was misdiagnosed. Forbes died on 8 May 2013 in Virginia Water, Surrey, England from a long illness, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 
 BFI Screenonline article
 Britmovie article 
 Bryan Forbes at hollywood.com
 Bibliography of Forbes' fiction and non-fiction
1926 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Essex
Actors from London
British movie actors
British movie directors
British movie producers
British screenwriters
British stage actors
British television actors
Disease-related deaths in England
Writers from Essex
Writers from London
At the Movies (originally Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, and later At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper) was a movie review television program. It was produced by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. In the program, two movie critics shared their opinions of newly released movies.

Its original hosts were Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune. Richard Roeper of the Sun-Times became Ebert's regular partner in 2000 after Siskel died in 1999. The series ran for 24 seasons in first run syndication from September 13, 1986 through August 14, 2010.

1986 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
Entertainment in Chicago
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 – April 25, 1996) was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion picture title sequences, movie posters, and corporate logos. Bass designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the AT&T "bell" logo in 1969, as well as AT&T's "globe" logo in 1983.

Bass was born on May 8, 1920 in New York City, New York. He studied at James Monroe High School and at Brooklyn College. Bass was married to Elaine Makatura from 1961 until his death in 1996. They had two children. Bass died on April 25, 1996 in his home in Los Angeles, California from an illness, aged 75.

References

Other websites

Titles Designed by Saul Bass (still sequences & commentary)
Saul Bass Title Sequences on Art of the Title
Title Sequences from Saul Bass (videos & commentary)
1920 births
1996 deaths
Academy Award winning directors
American artists
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Dominoes is a game played with small tiles called dominoes. A domino is a rectangular tile with a line in the middle that separates it into two sides. Each side has a number of black spots. The number of spots is different on each domino. Some dominoes have a  side that is blank. The games possible with these objects resemble card games.

Other websites
Games

Games
2002 crimes
2003 crimes
2004 crimes
2002 in the United States
2004 in the United States
2000s crimes in the United States
2013 crimes in the United States
American children
21st century in Cleveland
Crime in the United States
Kidnapped American people
The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is in Houston Texas. Part of NASA, it employs over 3000 people. It trains astronauts.

Related pages 
 NASA

Other websites
NASA Johnson Center site

NASA
Buildings and structures in Houston
Buford is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.  Most of the city is in Gwinnett County. A small part of it is in Hall County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 17,144.

History
After the American Civil War a railroad was built that travelled from Atlanta, Georgia to Richmond, Virginia.  While the railroad was being built two railroad stockholders bought land around the railroad, and began building a town.  The town was named after the railroad company's president, Algernon Sidney Buford.  The railroad was completed in 1871, and Buford officially became a town on August 24, 1872.  The Town of Buford was renamed the City of Buford in 1896.
In the later part of the 1800s and the early part of the 1900s Buford became famous for making leather products, including saddles which were sold through the Sears mail order catalog.  Many famous actors during that time period used saddles made by the Bona Allen Company in Buford, including Gene Autry, the case of the television show Bonanza, and Roy Rogers' horse Trigger.

After the Great Depression ended the horses were not used for farming as much and tractors were used instead, which meant that there was less need for leather products, and the companies that made leather in Buford closed.

Geography
Buford is in north Georgia. It is in the northern part of Gwinnett County and in the southern part of Hall County. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Gwinnett County, Georgia
The Red Badge of Courage is a novel by Stephen Crane. It was published in 1895 by D. Appleton & Co. It tells of a young man's combat experiences during the American Civil War. It received mostly good reviews. It was made into a movie in 1951 starring WWII hero, Audie Murphy.

American novels
1895 books
Novels about the American Civil War
Works by Stephen Crane
The American Family Association (AFA in short) is a Christian fundamentalist group United States. They are against homosexuality, same-sex marriage and abortion. They also have positions on a number of other issues. The group is located in Tupelo, Mississippi. It was founded in 1977.

1977 establishments in the United States
Christian organizations based in the United States
Political organizations based in the United States
Organizations based in Mississippi
Homophobia
Obscenity controversies
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a United States nonprofit civil rights organization. It has had legal victories against white supremacist groups. It fights civil rights violations and lawsuits about the separation of church and state.

The SPLC keeps a list of hate groups in the United States.  Hate groups persecute or attack entire groups of people because of those people's race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, or home country. 

The SPLC was established around 1971 in Montgomery, Alabama.

1971 establishments in the United States
Montgomery, Alabama
Discrimination
Civil rights organizations based in the United States
20th-century establishments in Alabama
Organizations based in Alabama
Separation of church and state is a phrase that was used by Thomas Jefferson in a letter in 1802 to the Baptist Association in Danbury, Connecticut. The Supreme Court of the United States, in 1962, took the phrase in their decisions to make school prayers unconstitutional. This idea has been put into effect in a number of countries.

Other page 
Secular state
Secularism
Freedom of religion

Political systems
Secularism
Lawrenceville is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, in the United States.  It is the county seat of Gwinnett County and is the second oldest city in the Atlanta metropolitan area.  According to the 2020 census, 30,629 people lived there.

References

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Aimee Richelle Teegarden (born October 10, 1989) is an American actress and model. She played Jenny Randall in the 2011 movie Scream 4. She modeled for campaigns including Old Navy, Tommy Hilfiger and Hollister. She was born in Downey, California.

Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
1989 births
Living people
People from Downey, California
The Edward Mooney House is at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is in an area which is today known as Chinatown. The house was built between 1785 and 1789 by rich butcher Edward Mooney on land that was originally part of the Doyer bouwerie (farm) and afterwards belonged to the British Loyalist James Delancey. The land was confiscated by the new American Government after the American Revolution and sold at auction. Mooney would live in the house untul his death in 1800.

The house was built of brick in the Early Federal style. It has three stories plus an attic and full basement. The home was built close to the slaughterhouses, holding pens and tanneries just east of the freshwater Collect Pond.

In 1807, the size of the house was doubled by an addition to the rear. The house would be used as a private residence until the 1820s. Later, it has been a hotel, brothel and Barney Flynn's saloon.
The house was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Edward Mooney House was sold in January 2013 for $5.4 million dollars.

References

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
National Register of Historic Places
Houses in the United States
1780s establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in New York (state)
In Computer graphics, the term color depth is used to specify the amount of color used. Usually it is measured in bits per pixel. One bit can represent two different values. It is known as monochrome or black and white. 16 bit color depth is known as "high color", 24
bits per pixel are known as truecolor. There are also systems with color depths of 30, 36, or 48 bits per pixel. The RGB color model uses 8 bits per pixel, for a total of 24 bits. There may be an extra Alpha channel, with another 8 bits (so a total of 32 bits). Phase Alternating Line, a standard for televisions uses 32 bits per pixel, with a YUV color space.

Gallery

Computer graphics
Underground hip hop is a form of hip hop music that is performed by independent musicians who are signed to an independent record label or no label at all. The genre is known as being positive, socially conscious, or anti-commercial.

References

Hip hop genres
Rap rock (also called rock rap or rock hip hop) is a genre of music that combines the vocals and compositions of hip hop with many forms of rock. 

Rap rock has become popular with its sub-genres rap metal and rapcore. Some of the most famous rap rock musicians include Linkin Park, Hollywood Undead, P.O.D., Vanilla Ice, Kid Rock, Eminem, Deuce, Bizzy Bone and Roscoe Dash. The genre began during the 1980s and it is still popular today. 

Fusion music genres
Hip hop genres
Rock music
Hardcore hip hop (or Hardcore rap) is a form of hip hop that originated in the East Coast hip hop scene. It is known for being aggressive with noisy instruments. The most common things that hardcore artists talk about include sex, nudity, partying, drugs, profanity, police brutality, racism, personal conflicts, consciousness, social issues and the harsh surroundings of the rapper's environment. Types of music inspired by hardcore hip hop include gangsta rap (a type of rap about urban crime and the violent lifestyles of young people in cities), horrorcore (hip hop with horror-themed lyrics and images) and most recently trap (a form of southern hip hop).

Notable Artists
 2pac
 The Notorious B.I.G.
 DMX
 Ice Cube
 Earl Sweatshirt
 Waka Flocka Flame
 Young Buck
 Young Jeezy
 Fat Joe
 Hopsin
 Eazy-E
 N.W.A.
 50 Cent
 Jay-Z
 Jadakiss
 Eminem
 Insane Clown Posse
 SPM

Hip hop genres
ESTCube-1 was the first satellite from Estonia. It was made as part of the Estonian Student Satellite Program, and was launched on 7 May 2013 on a Vega rocket. The satellite is a project in which university and high-school students took part. The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed while it was built, resulting in a 10x10x11.35 cm cube, with a volume of 1 liter and a mass of 1.048 kg.

ESTCube-1 was put into orbit by Arianespace, using a Vega rocket which took off from ELA-1 at Kourou at 02:06:31 UTC on 7 May 2013 at a height of 670 kilometres.

References

Satellites
Estonia
Computer networks route data packets between a source and a destination. In most cases, the source of a packet is not directly attached to the destination, the packet needs to travel through other stations in between the two. Each time a packet travels through a router, or a gateway it takes one hop. To prevent network congestion, the maximum number of hops a packet can take is limited. With IPv4, this count is known as time to live, with IPv6 it is called hop count. Each time the packet takes one hop, the count is decremented. When it reaches zero, the packet is discarded if it has not reached its destination.

Computer networking
Sociolect is a form of language spoken by a particular class, ethnic group, or age group in society.

Other websites
Social dialect  at grammar.about.com

Linguistics
Mark Rothko (September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970) was a Latvian-American modern artist. He was born in a part of the Russian Empire that is now in Latvia, but lived in America for most of his life. He was Jewish. He committed suicide in New York City, at the age of 66, by taking an overdose of anti-depressants and slashing his arms with a razor.

His most famous work is known as abstract expressionism or color field painting. In 2012, one of his works sold for $86.9 million.

Rothko's work 
Rothko's work matured into rectangular fields of color and light. However, between the  early period, and the later fields of color, was a long period of transition, marked by two important events in Rothko's life: the onset of World War II and his reading of Friedrich Nietzsche.
From October 1948, after the death of his mother, Rothko started using symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary, colors. Also, for the next seven years, Rothko painted in oil only on large canvases with vertical formats. Very large-scale designs were used to overwhelm the viewer, or to make the viewer feel "enveloped within" the painting. For some critics, the large size was an attempt to make up for a lack of substance. In retaliation, Rothko stated:

"I realize that historically the function of painting large pictures is painting something very grandiose and pompous. The reason I paint them, however . . . is precisely because I want to be very intimate and human. To paint a small picture is to place yourself outside your experience, to look upon an experience as a stereopticon view or with a reducing glass. However you paint the larger picture, you are in it. It isn’t something you command".
He even suggested that viewers position themselves as little as eighteen inches away from the canvas so that they might experience a sense of intimacy, as well as awe, a transcendence of the individual, and a sense of the unknown.

References

Other websites 
National Gallery of Art

1903 births
1970 deaths
Artists who committed suicide
American artists
Drug-related suicides in the United States
Latvian artists
Suicides by blade weapons
WINS is a radio station in New York City, New York. It first started in 1924. It is an all-news station, using that format since 1965. It is the oldest all-news station in the United States. It is known on-air as Ten-Ten Wins. It is owned by CBS Radio.

When the station first started, it played rock and roll music. It switched to the all-news format on April 19, 1965, going with that format around the clock. Since then, the format has not seen a lot of changes, and it has been a very successful format.

WINS is known for its teletype sound effect that plays in the background and its slogans "All News, All the Time," "The Newswatch Never Stops," "Listen 2, 3, 4 times a day," and "You give us 22 minutes, we'll give you the world." The latter slogan refers to how a segment plays every 20 minutes. While other stations have stopped using the teletype sound effect, WINS has kept it.

References

Other websites

WINS website
WINS - Historical profile
Radio stations in New York City
1924 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in New York (state)
Joseph Henry Astroth (September 1, 1922 – May 3, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. He was a catcher for the Philadelphia/Kansas City Athletics (1945–46 and 1949–56).

Astroth was born on September 1, 1922 in East Alton, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Astroth was married to Marjorie Astroth from 1947 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Astroth died on May 3, 2013 in Boca Raton, Florida at the age of 90 from natural causes.

References

1920 births
2013 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Illinois
Mario Machado  (Mario Jose de Souza Machado; April 22, 1935 – May 4, 2013) was an eight-time Emmy Award-winning television and radio broadcaster. He made television history when, in 1970, he became the first Chinese-American on-air television news reporter and anchor in Los Angeles and perhaps in the nation.

He was also an actor starring in many movies such as Brian's Song (1971), Oh, God! (1977), The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979), Rocky III (1982), Scarface (1983), and St. Elmo's Fire (1985).

Machado was born on April 22, 1935 in Shanghai. He was married to Marie Christine D’Almada Remedios until his death in 2013. Machado died on May 4, 2013 from complication of pneumonia in his home in West Hills, California, aged 78.

References

1935 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American television presenters
American movie actors
People from Shanghai
Emmy Award winners
Bruce Perry Crandall (born February 17, 1933) is a retired U.S. Army officer who was born in Crandall in Olympia, Washington. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Ia Drang. 

During the battle he flew 22 missions in an unarmed helicopter into enemy fire to bring ammunition and supplies and evacuate the wounded. By the end of the Vietnam War, he had flown over 900 combat missions.

He studied at the University of Washington. After retiring from the Army he worked several jobs in different states before settling down with his wife in his home state of Washington. Crandall was married to Arlene Louise from 1956 until her death in 2010.

References

Other websites

Medal of Honor Recipients on Film

1933 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Olympia, Washington
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military people from Washington (state)
John Ross "J.R." Ewing, Jr. is a fictional character in the hit U.S. television series Dallas (1978–1991) and its spin-offs, including the revived Dallas series (2012–2013). The character was portrayed by actor Larry Hagman from the series premiere in 1978 until his death in late 2012.

One of the show's most iconic figures, J.R. has been central to many of the series' biggest storylines. He is shown as a villainous selfish oil baron with psychopathic tendencies, who is constantly plotting subterfuges to plunder his foes and their wealth. Hagman was the only actor to appear in all 357 episodes of the series.

Hagman died on November 23, 2012, and Dallas producers subsequently announced that J.R. would be killed off in the second season. The episode "The Furious And Fast" dealt with J.R's death. Ewing was on the phone with his son saying he had one last plan to get back at another richman. Ewing's son heard gunshots which would eventually kill J.R.
Ewing is considered one of television's most popular characters, with TV Guide naming him #1 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.

References

Fictional American people
Television characters
A train ferry is a ferry which was designed to carry railway vehicles. Train ferries are used where it is not possible or practical to build a bridge. Some train ferries were built to also carry cars or passengers, in addition to trains.

Gallery

Ship types
Rail transport
A Container ship is a cargo ship that is used to carry standard Intermodal containers. They are common. Most cargo ships that do not carry bulk goods are container ships. The containers come in different sizes. In general, the load they can carry is measured in Twenty-foot equivalent units (abbreviated TEU). A twenty-foot container is 1 TEU, a forty-foot container is 2 TEU.

Ship types
Ben-Hur is an epic movie of the sword and sandal genre released in 1959. It was directed by William Wyler. It stars Charlton Heston as Ben-Hur and Stephen Boyd as Messala. It is set in Ancient Rome and Ancient Judea. It tells of two men - one a Jewish prince and the other a Roman tribune - whose friendship turns to bitter hatred. The climax of the movie is a 9-minute chariot race and the crucifixion of Jesus. The movie won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The movie is based on the 1880 novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace. A silent movie on the same subject was made in 1925.

Cast
Charlton Heston as Judah Ben-Hur
Jack Hawkins as Quintus Arrius
Haya Harareet as Esther
Stephen Boyd as Messala
Hugh Griffith as Sheik Ilderim
Finlay Currie as Balthasar and the narrator
Frank Thring as Pontius Pilate
José Greci as the Virgin Mary
Story
The story is about Judah Ben-Hur, a Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem at the beginning of the 1st century. Judah's childhood friend Messala returns home as an ambitious commanding officer of the Roman legions. The two men realize that they have changed and hold very different views. During a military parade, a tile falls from the roof of Judah's house. It barely misses the Roman governor. Although Messala knows that they are not guilty, he condemns the Ben-Hur family. Without trial, Judah is sent to the Roman galleys for life; his mother and sister are imprisoned and all the family property is confiscated.
Through good fortune, Judah survives and returns to Jerusalem, where he seeks revenge against his one-time friend and redemption for his family. Running in parallel with Ben-Hur's narrative is the unfolding story of Jesus, who comes from the same region and is a similar age.  The two reflect themes of betrayal, conviction and redemption. With the Crucifixion, Ben-Hur recognizes that the Christ stands for a different goal than revenge, and he becomes Christian, turning to supporting the new religion with money which he has inherited, inspired by love and the talk of keys to a greater kingdom than any on earth.

References

Notes

1950s epic movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Ancient Rome
1959 movies
Peplum movies
MGM movies
American epic movies
Movies directed by William Wyler
Movies about slavery
Movies set in the 1st century
Movies about atonement
Movies about miscarriage of justice
Movies about revenge
Movies about child death
Yamna Carolina Lobos Astorga (born August 26, 1983 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean dancer and television presenter.

Filmography

Television

Sources 
 

1983 births
Actors from Santiago
Living people
Dancers
Chilean television presenters
The Tupolev Tu-124 (NATO code-named Cookpot) is a twin-turbojets airliner built in USSR between 1960 and 1965. It was one of the first civil jet aircraft in the world. It could accommodate between fifty and sixty passengers.
165 examples were built at least.

Soviet & Russian aircraft
Civil aircraft
Tupolev aircraft
Wisconsin Rapids is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. 18,367 people lived there at the 2010 census.

Geography
Wisconsin Rapids is at  (44.386805, -89.823078).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which,  is land and  is water.

History
The American Indians called the area "Ahdawagam", meaning "Two-sided Rapids". Although Europeans began to settle this area in the 1830s, Wisconsin Rapids has been known by this name only since 1920. Prior to that, it was split by the Wisconsin River, with the west side as Centralia and the east side as Grand Rapids. The two cities joined in 1900, together known as Grand Rapids. The name was changed in 1920 to avoid mail and other goods from being sent to the much better known Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Demographics
Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 18,367 people, 8,296 households, and 4,626 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 8,972 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% "White", 0.7% "African American", 1.0% "Native American", 3.7% "Asian", 0.9% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. "Latin-American" were 2.9% of the people.

There were 8,296 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.87.
The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.8% were 65 years of age or older. There were 47.8% males and 52.2% females.

Economy
Known for its wood and paper making history, Wisconsin Rapids is also important to the cranberry industry. Wisconsin Rapids is the home of the international educational software company, Renaissance Learning Inc. as well as other national and global companies.

In the past, Rapids was home to the headquarters for Consolidated Papers, now owned by NewPage Corporation. The company continues its presence in the area with a paper mill that houses two paper machines and a "Kraft process" pulp mill.

Education
Mid-State Technical College offers job-related training, and Lakeland College offers academic learning.
Lincoln High School is the local public high school (grades 10–12) in Wisconsin Rapids. Assumption High School is a private Catholic high school in Wisconsin Rapids.  The city has two public junior high schools: East Junior High School (grades 8–9) and Wisconsin Rapids Middle School (grades 6–7). River Cities High School also exists as a charter school alternative to the local high schools.
Wisconsin Rapids has several local parks, including Robinson Park, Gaynor Park, and Lyon Park. There is also a recently built skate park. The state water-skiing championships are held at Lake Wazeecha every year and the national BMX Bandit cycling championships are held at the Central Wisconsin BMX bicycle track. There are three museums, the South Wood County Historical Corporation Museum, the Alexander House, and the Paper Making Museum, all of which are housed in large former family homes. There is a city zoo (free to enter), and two public swimming pools.  There is a prairie chicken sanctuary at the Buena Vista Wildlife Reservation, and every year the Prairie Chicken Festival is held. The Betty Boop Festival or the Grim Natwick Animated Film Festival are held annually since the inaugural events in 2010. The Cranberry Blossom Festival takes place in July and the Grand Affair Arts Festival in September of each year
. In summer of 2010, the new baseball team, the Wisconsin Rapids Rafters of the summer college Northwoods League, played their first season at Witter Field.
Media

Print media
 Daily Tribune Website, Daily Newspaper. Started 1920 from merger of Grand Rapids Leader (est. 1914) and Grand Rapids Tribune. About 10,766 readings of this newspaper take place each day, according to Mondo Newspapers 
 The VOICE Of Wisconsin Rapids Website  , Weekly Newspaper. Independently owned, founded 2009.
 Buyers' Guide, Website  Weekly advertisement newspaper with some editorial content

Television
 RCCA: Website  River Cities Public, educational, and government access (PEG) broadcast on cable tv.
Radio
Although this is a list of radio stations based in the Wisconsin Rapids area, the signals of radio stations from much of Central Wisconsin are commonly received in the city.
AM Radio stations
 WFHR 1320 kHz, News/Sports Talk Radio - Established November 1940
FM Radio stations
 Kool Gold 105.5 MHz WRCW - Oldies/Sport Established as KZZA in 2003
 Hot 96-7 96.7 MHz WHTQ  Top 40 - Established as WYTE in 1985, latterly WLJY
 WIFC 95.5 MHz - CHR - Established 1969
 WDEZ 101.9 MHz Country & western - Established as WRIG in 1964
 Y106.5 106.5 MHz  WYTE- Contemporary Country & Western - Established as WDLB in 1965
 WGLX  103.3 MHz WGLX-FM - Classic Rock - Established as WFHR-FM in 1946

Notable residents
Notable residents

 Ken Anderson, professional wrestler
 Mark E. Anderson, U.S. National Guard general
 Bonnie Bartlett, actress
 Bruno Block, MLB catcher
 D.L. Bogdan, author of historical novels 
 Theodore W. Brazeau, Wisconsin legislator
 James Daly, actor
 Stephen E. Johnson, U.S. Navy admiral
 Tom Metcalf, MLB pitcher
 Edith Nash, educator and poet
 Philleo Nash, professor and anthropologist
 Grim Natwick, animator and film director (1890–1990)
 John Offerdahl, NFL player
 Bryan Reffner, NASCAR driver
 Don Rehfeldt, All-American college & NBA basketball player
 Scott Scharff, NFL player
 Dick Trickle, NASCAR driver
 J.R. Turner, fiction writer, Executive Director of the Wisconsin Writers' Association 
 Herman C. Wipperman, Wisconsin legislator
 Isaac P. Witter, Wisconsin legislator
 Joseph Wood, merchant, and Wisconsin legislator

References
References

Other websites
 City of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
 Wisconsin Rapids Area Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Wisconsin Rapids Chamber of Commerce
 Wisconsin Rapids Public Schools
 McMillan Memorial Library
 Wisconsin Rapids & Wood County History
 The Betty Boop Festival
 Central Wisconsin BMX

1920 establishments in the United States
Cities in Wisconsin
Wood County, Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1920s establishments in Wisconsin
The Tupolev Tu-144 was the first aeroplane that flew faster than the speed of light. Built in RUSSKIYAS by Tupolev it is similar to the Concorde. Tupolev Tu-144 flown only for Aeroflot the national soviet airline. Sixteen examples only were built. Maiden flight was on December 31, 1902. The aircraft was released only one year before the  Boeing 787 Dreamliner  Jet was released and therefore, stands as the worst Supersonic Airliner..

Soviet & Russian aircraft
Civil aircraft
Tupolev aircraft
Natascha Maria Kampusch (born 17 February 1988 in Vienna) is an Austrian woman who was kidnapped on 2 March 1998. She was held in a secret cellar by her kidnapper for over eight years until she escaped on 23 August 2006. Media attention then led to Natascha giving certain interviews and writing an autobiography. Her abductor later killed himself when he jumped in front of a suburban train in Vienna; he had apparently planned the killing of himself rather than be caught by police, and had told Kampusch he would not be arrested alive.

1988 births
Living people
Austrian autobiographers
Children victims of violence
Kidnapped people
Writers from Vienna
Quattrocento is the Italian term that means "four hundred" for the years belonging to the fifteenth century. It was one of the most important periods of European art and culture. It started in Italy and it is the first phase of the movement known as Renaissance.

Characteristics

The Quattrocento (1401-1500) began in Florence, promoted by the Medici family.  At this time the figure of the artist and creator was imposed at the expense of anonymity. Man was considered the most perfect work of God, in the early renaissance artists.

In this century art painting techniques evolve, getting the "perspective", and in sculpture comes an improvement based on the imitation of classical Greek and Roman art.  Even in architecture there was a return to the lines of Roman monuments.

Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged a lot of his countrymen to commission works from Florence's leading artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.
The best artists (after the genius of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who worked mainly during the Cinquecento) of this period are:
[[File:Sandro Botticelli - La nascita di Venere - Google Art Project - edited.jpg|thumb|The Birth of Venus''' by Sandro Botticelli]]
Sculpture: the sculptors were interested in representing the human body, such as Donatello and Ghiberti.
Painting: paintings applied in perspective, representing the depth, as Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Filippo Lippi and Andrea Mantegna. In 1470, Botticelli paints the famous Birth of Venus, in Florence.
Architecture: architects sought introducing space domain and provided simple elements such as Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti.
In Literature the Quattrocento is famous mainly because of Niccolò Machiavelli and Ludovico Ariosto. Indeed, the fundamental characteristic of this literary epoch is that it perfected itself in every kind of art, in particular uniting the essentially Italian character of its language with classicism of style. This period lasted until about a few years after 1494 when Charles VIII of France descended into Italy, marking the beginning of Italy's foreign domination and political decadence.

The famous literary men of the Quattrocento had been educated in the culture created in the preceding century.  Niccolò Machiavelli was born in 1469, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Ludovico Ariosto in 1474, Jacopo Nardi in 1476, Gian Giorgio Trissino in 1478, Francesco Guicciardini in 1482, Pietro Pomponazzi in 1462, Marcello Adriani Virgilio in 1464 and Baldassare Castiglione in 1468.
The Renaissance music of Quattrocento was centered around Bartolomeo da Bologna. Indeed, after the "Burgundian School" came to an end, Italy became the leading exponent of Renaissance music and continued its innovation with the Venetian and (somewhat more conservative) Roman Schools of composition.

Notes

Bibliography
 Pullan, Brian S. History of Early Renaissance Italy. London: Lane, 1973.
 Zuffi, Stefano. Il Quattrocento''. Electa editrice. Milano, 2004.

Related pages
 Duecento
 Trecento
 Cinquecento

Renaissance
15th century in Italy
Wartburg Castle is a castle on a 1230-foot (410-m) cliff to the southwest of Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. In 1999 UNESCO added Wartburg Castle to the World Heritage List as an "Outstanding Monument of the Feudal Period in Central Europe" because of its "Cultural Values of Universal Significance".

History 
The castle's foundation was laid in about 1068 by the Thuringian count of Schauenburg, Louis the Springer. He was a relative of the Counts of Rieneck in Franconia. Together with its larger sister castle Neuenberg in the present-day town of Freyburg, the Wartburg protected the borders of his territories. 

The castle (Burg in German) reportedly got its name when its founder first saw the hill where the castle now sits; he is supposed to have said, "Warte, Berg -- du sollst mir eine Burg tragen!" ("Wait, mountain -- you shall bear a castle for me!"). It is a German play on words for mountain (Berg) and fortress (Burg).
The Wartburg remained the seat of the Thuringian landgraves until 1440, and around 1207 it became the place of the Sängerkrieg, or Minstrels' Contest. Later, Richard Wagner wrote the opera Tannhäuser about the contest.

At the age of four, St. Elisabeth of Hungary was sent by her mother to the Wartburg to be raised to become the wife of Ludwig IV of Thuringia. From 1211 to 1228, she lived there and did charitable work. When her husband died in 1227, she moved to Marburg. She died at the age of 24 and later was canonized (made a saint) by the Roman Catholic Church.

From May 1521 until March 1522, Martin Luther stayed at the castle, after Frederick the Wise had him taken there for his safety. This was after Luther's excommunication by Pope Leo X and his refusal to give up his beliefs at the Diet of Worms. During this time, Luther translated the New Testament into German. It was not the first German translation of the Bible but it became the most well known and most used.