Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Australia 
In 1838, Archibald became sick. Rather than go back to England, they moved to Australia because they thought the weather would be good for his health. They sailed for Sydney. They arrived there in October 1838. They settled at Windsor. On trips to Sydney, Caroline and Archibald learned about the hard lives of emigrants arriving in the colony. They were particularly concerned for the young women who were arriving without any money. The women did not have any friends or family or jobs to go to. Many women ended up working as prostitutes. Archibald returned to his regiment in 1840. He encouraged his wife to continue her philanthropic efforts.
Helping the needy
Chisholm originally set up a home for young women in Sydney, and she organised other homes in several rural centres. These places soon started to help families and young men. During the seven years Caroline was in Australia, she placed over 11,000 people in homes and jobs. People came to see her as a very good person. Two Legislative Council Committees asked her to give evidence for them. Caroline carried out her work in New South Wales without taking money from individuals or individual organisations because she wanted to act independently and did not want to be dependent upon any religious or political group. The girls and families Caroline helped came from different backgrounds and held different religious beliefs. Money was raised for the homes through subscription. Archibald was released from the Army because of his poor health and returned to Australia in 1845.
In 1849, with the support of a few important people, Caroline founded the Family Colonization Loan Society from her home. The Society's aim was to lend people who wanted to go to Australia half the cost of the fare, the emigrant finding the other half of the cost, which was to be refunded after two years in Australia. By 1854, the Society had helped more than 3,000 people travel to Australia. Caroline had an audience with Pope Pius IX, who gave her a Papal Medal and bust of herself.

Later years 
The family moved to Victoria. Chisholm continued to help the poor, mainly around Ballarat and the Goldfields. After some time, she became very ill and the family had to move back to Sydney in 1858. Her health improved at the end of 1859.

Archibald senior took the younger children back to England in 1865. Archibald junior went with his mother back home in 1866. Caroline died on March 25, 1877, in Highgate, United Kingdom. Archibald died in August of that year. Five of their eight children survived.

References
References

Other websites
 http://www.carolinechisholmsociety.com.au/caroline-chisholm-history.htm 
 http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/chisolm.htm 

Christian saints
1808 births
1877 deaths
English people
Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She was born in Queens, New York. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 movie The Cutting Edge. She was also the single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama One Tree Hill. She played the role of Donna Hayward in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. She  replaced Lara Flynn Boyle from the 1990 television series Twin Peaks. Other roles include Dorothy Day in Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story, White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of The West Wing and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in The Lion King and The Lion King II: Simba's Pride. She also played Hetty Kelly and Oona O'Neill in Chaplin.

Filmography

Other websites 
 

1968 births
Living people
Singers from New York City
American voice actors
comedians from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
Actors from Queens
Edward Hargraves (October 7, 1816 – October 29, 1891) was famous for starting the Australian gold rush. He found gold in Sydney in 1851. He was a shopkeeper, sailor and adventurer. He first started looking for gold in California, but was not successful. 

When he arrived in Sydney, he didn’t even visit his family. He went straight to the Blue Mountains to look for gold. After his first discovery, Australia became more popular due to the goldfield. Although Hargraves        was very famous and rich, he lived so lavishly that he became broke by 1862.

Early life
 
Hargraves' mother (Elizabeth Nee Whitcombe) and father (John Edward Hargraves) sent Hargraves to Brighton Grammar School in England. When he was 14, he travelled over water to Sydney, Australia. He arrived in Sydney in 1832. He worked on a property at Bathurst, collecting tortoise shells. Before Hargraves became famous, he left his wife (Elizabeth Hargraves) and bought his own piece of land on Manning River. He took over a shop near his property.
Achievements

Hargraves' main achievement was discovering a large amount of gold, starting the gold rush of Australia. He believed that the geography of Bathurst was the same as California, so he began his search for gold there. John Lister, who had already found gold in California, helped Hargraves to find gold in Australia. 

The two of them travelled to Summerhill Creek, where Hargraves first discovered gold. After the government found out about Hargraves’ discovery, they appointed him ‘Commissioner of Land’. They rewarded him with 10,000 pounds and a life pension, in exchange for the gold he discovered. The government of New South Wales made the announcement that gold was discovered on May 22, 1851.  Hargraves was also responsible for conducting the gold mining in Ballarat, when the gold rush became more popular.
Between the years of 1853-1854, Hargraves travelled back to England, rich from his findings. When he was in England he met Queen Victoria and wrote a book (published in 1855) called Australia and its Gold Fields. Hargraves lived such a luxurious life that he was soon very poor. Hargraves travelled back to Australia, seeking the help of the government to help with his financial situation, but no one he asked would give him money. 

Hargraves had two sons and three daughters. He died in Sydney in 1999.

Bibliography
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hargraves-edward-hammond-3719
http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-1_u-103_t-265_c-877/edward-hargraves/nsw/hsie/gold-/discovering-gold 
http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/gold/rumours/hargraves.html

References 

1816 births
1891 deaths
Australian businesspeople
David Howells Fleay (January 6, 1907 – August 7, 1993) was an Australian naturalist (someone who studies nature).  He was one of the first people to come up with the idea of breeding endangered species in captivity, so they would not go extinct (die out) in the wild.  He was also the first person to succeed in breeding platypuses in captivity.

Fleay now has a wildlife park named after him in Queensland.

He died on 7 August 1993 aged 85.

Early life

Fleay was born in Ballarat, Victoria, in Australia.  His parents were William and Maude Fleay.

As a young child, David became interested in the Australian bush and its wildlife at an early age. His mother was also interested in these things, but his father did not want David to spend his time thinking about Australian wildlife.

Fleay was educated at Pleasant Street State School and Balart Grammar School. His first job was at his father’s pharmacy.
Fleay then taught at Balart Church of England Grammar School until 1927, when he moved to Melbourne. There, he taught while studying for a Bachelor of Science degree and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University.

While at Melbourne University, Fleay met a science student named Mary Sigrid Collie. They got married in 1931.

Career

In the early 1930s, Fleay went to Tasmania to try to capture Thylacines (also called Tasmanian tigers). He was not able to find any Thylacines in the wild.  So he decided to run a breeding program with Thylacines in zoos.  He wanted to breed more Thylacines to save them from becoming extinct. But the Tasmanian government did not allow Fleay to run this program. We now know that the last definite sight of a Thylacine in the wild was in 1930. By 1936, the last Thylacine living in a zoo died, and this species was extinct.
By 1934, Fleay was very well known as a 'wildlife man.' He was chosen to design and direct a new section at the Melbourne Zoo. He worked there for three years, and achieved some important scientific 'firsts.' He was the first person to breed, in captivity, several types of endangered animals, including:
 Emus
 Australian brush-turkeys
 Several kinds of birds
 Tawny frogmouth koalas
 Platypuses

In 1958, Fleay brought three platypuses to New York's Bronx Zoo. Later that year, he was given some money by the New York Zoological Society, and used it to build a new, better platypusary (a place to take care of platypuses) in West Burleigh, Australia.

Fleay wrote a book called Living with Animals, which was published in 1964.

Awards 
Fleay was given many awards for his work and research.

In 1960, he was named a member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE), an award given by the British King or Queen to reward work in the arts and sciences.
Fleay was chosen to be an Associate of the Queensland Museum in 1978.

In 1980, he was named a member of the Order of Australia (AM), an award given by the Queen of Australia for doing important work in Australia.

Later Life & Death 
Fleay's wife, Mary, died in 1987. Later, Fleay got married again. He had a daughter and two sons.

Fleay died in Brisbane, Australia, at the age of 85. In an obituary, the New York Times wrote: "As a conservationist, [Fleay] was outspoken and, as The Daily Telegraph put it, he 'strove to preserve native Australian fauna in the days when even koala bears were slaughtered in vast numbers for their fur.'"

References

1907 births
Australian biologists
1993 deaths
Archibald William Roach  (8 January 1956 – 30 July 2022) was an aboriginal-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist. Roach was born in Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia. His songs are popular in the Australian Aboriginal community.

Early Life 
At the age of three or four, Roach was taken from his family by the Australian government. His two sisters were also taken away. After spending time in an orphanage, he was raised in Melbourne, Australia, by a white family, who had moved to Melbourne from Scotland.  

As a teenager, Roach ran away from home to look for his biological parents.  After running away, while homeless and abusing alcohol, Roach met his wife, musician Ruby Hunter. During the late 1980s, Roach and Hunter created a band named “Altogether” with other Aboriginal musicians.

Health and death
In mid-2011, Roach was diagnosed with early lung cancer, and had one of his lungs removed.  While recovering, he released his hit album “Into the Bloodstream.”
Roach died on July 30, 2022 in Warrnambool, Victoria from a long-illness, aged 66.

Awards and achievements
His album Charcoal Lane won an ARIA Award as the Best Indigenous Album of the Year. He was given an ARIA Award as the Best New Talent. The Rolling Stone Magazine listed it in the Top 50 Albums of 1992. Looking for the Butter Boy won three ARIA Awards in 1998.

In 2013, Roach won a Deadly Award for Album of the Year.  He has also won two ARIA awards and a national Human Rights Award for his songs “Took the Child Away” and “Charcoal Lane.”   Many of his songs talk about his experiences and the difficulties he has faced as an Aboriginal Australian.

In 2015 Roach was made a member of the Order of Australia.

Discography
 Koorie (with Ruby Hunter) (1989)
 Charcoal Lane (1990)
 Jamu Dreaming (1993)
 Searching for the Butter Boy (1997)
 Sensual Being (2002)
 The Tracker (Movie soundtrack 2002)
 Journey (2007)
 Into the Bloodstream (2012)

References
References

Other websites
 http://www.murundakdocumentary.com/artists/archie-roach/ 
 http://www.archieroach.com.au/#!/page_More
 http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/594496
 http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/stolen-lost-and-found/446/ 

Indigenous Australian musicians
Order of Australia
1956 births
2022 deaths
Australian rock singers
Australian rock musicians
Australian guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
John Flynn OBE (25 November 1880 – 5 May 1951) was an Australian Presbyterian minister.  He began the Presbyterian Church of Australia.  He also started the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, which brings medical care to people who live far away from doctors or hospitals.  Flynn's portrait is on one side of the Australian 20 dollar note.

Early life 

John Flynn was born in Moliagul in Victoria, Australia on November 25, 1880.  His parents were Thomas Eugene Flynn and Rosetta Forsyth.  Because his mother died while giving birth to him, John was raised by his mother’s sister in Sydney, Australia.
When he was 16, Flynn decided that he wanted to become a Presbyterian minister and study theology (religion) at the University of Melbourne.  In 1911, he finished his training for the Presbyterian ministry and was officially ordained into the Presbyterian Church.  He went to live and work in the Australian Outback, where many people had little access to medical care because they lived so far from large cities, doctors, and hospitals.  In 1912, he created the Australian Inland Mission, which gave medical, spiritual, and other care to people in the Outback.

Career
Career 

For many years, Flynn worked to get the support and money he needed to start an organization that would bring doctors and medical care by plane to people living in the Outback.  With the help of Alf Traeger, Flynn was able to create the Aerial Medical Service in 1928.  (Its name was later changed to the Flying Doctor Service, and then changed again to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia).  In its first year, the Aerial Medical Service flew 50 flights to 26 different places, giving medical care to 225 people.  Over the next few years, Flynn worked to get the support the Aerial Medical Service needed to provide "flying doctors" to every part of Australia.  By 1939, every state in Australia had an Aerial Medical Service.  Now called the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the organization still exists today and has 21 bases throughout every part of the country.  It provides medical care to 290,000 people every year.

Awards
Awards 

Flynn became an officer of the Order of the British Empire on June 3, 1933.

References

Other websites 
http://www.wilmap.com.au/people/flynn.html
http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs159.aspx 
http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/About-Us/Our-History/ 
http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/About-Us/Our-History/The-John-Flynn-Story/ 

1880 births
1951 deaths
Australian Christian clergy
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Victoria (Australia)
Presbyterian ministers
Sidney Myer created Myer’s, one of the biggest department stores in Australia. He emigrated from Russia at the age of 20 and started off as a small merchant and went on to be the owner of a large chain store.

Early life
Simcha (Sidney) Myer Baevski was born on the February 8, 1878, in the Jewish section of Kritchev, Russia.  He was the youngest of eleven children.  He attended a primary school for Jewish children.  While at school, he managed his mother’s shop and helped the shop be very successful. 

When Myer was 20, he and his older brother, Elcon, moved to Australia.  Myer arrived in Melbourne, Australia, as a Jewish refugee in August of 1899.  He did not know English, and had almost no money and no visa.  Soon after arriving, he changed his name to Sydney Myer in order to be more Australian.
Achievements
The Myer brothers moved to Bendigo, a city in Victoria, Australia.  There they started a small drapery business, where they sold fabrics of all different styles, colors, and sizes.  Because they disagreed about whether their store should be open on Sundays, the brothers decided to stop working together.  Sidney bought his brother's share of the business, and Elcon moved on to Melbourne.  

As Myer's business became more successful, he opened a larger store in Bendigo, and new stores in Melbourne and Adelaide.  Today, Myer's is one of Australia’s biggest department stores.  Myer's is known for having fashionable clothing made by many different designers.
After he went to a performance at the Hollywood Bowl, a famous outdoor theater in California, Myer created the Sidney Myer Music Bowl.  In 1929, Myer began to arrange free outdoor concerts by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, held at the Music Bowl.  These free concerts are still held today, and are very popular.
  
Myer died on September 5, 1934.  After his death, Myer's family set up the Myer Foundation, which receives millions of dollars every year from the Myer family.  The Foundation supports programs that benefit Australia and help Australians in need.

Other websites
 http://www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/38.html  
 http://www.myerfoundation.org.au/about-us/index.cfm?loadref=31  
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/myer-simcha-sidney-7721
Sir Marcus Laurence Elwin "Mark" Oliphant,  (8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000), commonly known as Marcus Oliphant, was an Australian physicist and humanitarian. He helped to develop nuclear weapons. He was involved with the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion.

Biography 
Oliphant was born on October 8, 1901 in Kent Town, Adelaide, Australia. His father, Harold George “Baron” Oliphant, was a civil servant. His mother, Beatrice Edith Fanny Oliphant, was an artist. 

After graduating from Adelaide High School in 1918, he was unable to get money to pay for university. He got a job cleaning floors at a jewelry store. He was soon able to study at the University of Adelaide. He was interested in medicine, but Kerr Grant, the physics professor, offered him a place in the Physics Department. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1921.
Oliphant attempted to build a  cyclotron at the University of Birmingham. The completion of it was postponed by the World War II in Europe in 1939.
He was involved with the development of radar with John Randall and Harry Boot. They created a completely new design, the cavity magnetron, which made microwave radar possible.

His most important achievement was being involved with the development of the atomic bomb. He reported that it was possible, and achievable as early as 1943. He spread his research in the United States, which led to the development of the Manhattan Project, led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Oliphant died on July 14, 2000 in Canberra, Australia.

Achievements 

Many places and things are named after Oliphant. There is the Oliphant building at the Australian National University, the Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, a South Australian high schools science competition, the Oliphant Wing of the Physics Building at the University of Adelaide, and a high school in Munno Para West, South Australia.

He is known for the co-discovery of deuterium, tritium, helium-3 and nuclear fusion and for the development of microwave radar.
Awards
He achieved many awards over the course of his life. 
1937 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society
1943 Awarded Hughes Medal by the Royal Society
1946 Awarded Silvanus Thomson Medal, Institute of Radiology
1948 Awarded Faraday Medal by the Institution of Engineers
1954 Elected (Foundation) Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science
1954 Elected (Foundation) President of the Australian Academy of Science 
1955 Invited to deliver the Bakerian Lecture by the Royal Society
1955 Invited to deliver the Rutherford Memorial Lecture by the Royal Society
1956 Received Galathea Medal from King Frederick IX of Denmark
1959 Created Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1977 Appointed Companion of the Order of Australia

1901 births
2000 deaths
Australian physicists
Nuclear engineers
Sir Ernest Edward "Weary" Dunlop, AC, CMG, OBE (12 July 19072 July 1993) was an Australian surgeon. He was known for his leadership while being held as a Prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II.

Early Life 
Ernest Edward Dunlop was born 12 July 1907 in Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia. Dunlop grew up in the Wangaratta area. He was the son of James and Alice Dunlop and younger brother of Alan. His mother became ill after his birth, so his two twin aunts cared for him. He worked on the family farm at Sheepwash Creek. He then became a school cadet. He continued his part-time military service until 1929. In 1928 Dunlop qualified as a pharmacist and earned many awards. In 1934 he qualified as a doctor with first class honours. It was then earned his nickname ‘Weary’. He then worked in The Royal Melbourne Hospital. In 1937 he worked in the Royal Children's Hospital.
Growing up, Dunlop was very good at most sports. This included rugby and boxing. He became the first Victorian player in the national rugby union team, the Wallabies. He was the only Victorian in the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He later became a very successful boxer.

In 1937, he met his future wife Helen Ferguson. Since she a student he went to England to take up postgraduate studies. When World War II broke out Dunlop became a specialist surgeon to the Emergency Medical Services. He then enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. While Dunlop was in the Middle East, Helen joined him and they became engaged. In 1943, Ernest became imprisoned in Singapore. He was then sent to Thailand by the Japanese. In Thailand he worked at the Burma Railway as a medical officer. After the war he got married.
World War Two 
In World War Two, Dunlop was posted to the Middle East. There he developed a mobile surgical unit that could move around to treat wounded soldiers. He also served in Crete and Greece. He fought in the battle of Tobruk. In 1942, Dunlop was sent to Java in Indonesia to treat wounded allied soldiers. Three years later, he was captured by the Japanese and became a prisoner of war. Dunlop was sent to Thailand-Burma Railway (AKA the death railway) between Bangkok and Rangoon. His medical skills, compassion and incredible courage in standing up to the Japanese inspired his fellow Prisoners Of War to keep going.
Achievements 
He received many awards which include: 
 Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1947)
 Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (1965)
 Knight Bachelor (1969)
 Named Australian of the Year 1976
 Companion of the Order of Australia (1987)
 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (1992)
 Knight Grand Cross (1st Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Royal Crown of Thailand (1993)
 Honorary Fellow of the Imperial College London
 Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
 Honorary Life Member of the Returned and Services League of Australia
 Life Governor of the Royal Women's Hospital and the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.

References

Bibliography 
 SIR EDWARD 'WEARY' DUNLOP
 Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Edward Dunlop
 'Weary' Dunlop and the Burma Railway 
 Edward 'Weary' Dunlop; Surgeon 1946-1967
 Sir Edward Dunlop - Biography | Part One of Three
1907 births
1993 deaths
Australian boxers
Australian medical doctors
Australian military people
Australian rugby league players
Colonels
Military personnel of World War II
Prisoners of war
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Surgeons
Pharmacists
John Henry Sununu (born July 2, 1939) served as the 75th Governor of New Hampshire (1983–89) and later White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush.

He is the father of John E. Sununu, a former senator from New Hampshire and Chris Sununu, the Governor of New Hampshire. Sununu was the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party from 2009 to 2011.

References

1939 births
Living people
Governors of New Hampshire
White House Chiefs of Staff
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Havana
Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician. He served as the 23rd Governor of Montana from January 5, 2005 to January 7, 2013. Schweitzer formerly served as chair of the Western Governors Association as well as the Democratic Governors Association. He also served as president of the Council of State Governments.

References

1955 births
Living people
Governors of Montana
People from Havre, Montana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Roy R. Romer (born October 31, 1928) is an American politician. He was the 39th Governor of Colorado. He also served as the superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2001 to 2006. His son is Nobel Prize winner Paul Romer. He was born in Garden City, Kansas.

References

1928 births
Living people
Governors of Colorado
Politicians from Kansas
Politicians from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Richard Douglas "Dick" Lamm (August 3, 1935 – July 29, 2021) was an American politician, writer, Certified Public Accountant, college professor, and lawyer. He served three terms as 38th Governor of Colorado as a Democrat (1975–1987) and ran for the Reform Party's nomination for President of the United States in 1996.

He was the Co-Director of the Institute for Public Policy Studies at the University of Denver.

Lamm died on July 29, 2021 in Denver, Colorado from problems caused by a pulmonary embolism, one week before his 86th birthday.

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Colorado
Lawyers from Madison, Wisconsin
Educators from Denver
Writers from Denver
Writers from Madison, Wisconsin
Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Lawyers from Denver
Politicians from Denver
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Walter Dale "Walt" Miller (October 5, 1925 – September 28, 2015) was an American politician with the Republican Party. He served as 29th Governor of South Dakota from 1993 to 1995. He assumed the duties of the governorship upon the death of George S. Mickelson.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Governors of South Dakota
Ranchers
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Frank Leroy Farrar (April 2, 1929 – October 31, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 24th Governor of South Dakota. A Republican. He served as the state's attorney general from 1963 to 1969, and as governor from 1969 to 1971.

Farrar died on October 31, 2021 in Pierre, South Dakota at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 National Governors Association: Frank Farrar 
 KDLT News: "Frank Farrar: A Man Made of Iron" 
 Ironman: "Meet Frank Farrar, Kona's Last Official Finisher in 2002"
 

1929 births
2021 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from South Dakota
Governors of South Dakota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from South Dakota
People from Pierre, South Dakota
Philip Henderson Hoff (June 29, 1924 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician. He is from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served as the 73rd Governor of Vermont from 1963 to 1969. At the time of his election, he was the first Democrat elected Governor of Vermont in 108 years.

Hoff was born in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. His father worked in the insurance industry and at the Massachusetts General Court. Philip was a star high school football player at Turners Falls High School. 

Hoff went to Williams College and  Connecticut College and graduated cum laude in 1948.  Hoff married Joan Brower in 1948.  He later attended Cornell Law School, graduating in 1951. The Hoffs moved to Burlington, Vermont in 1951.

Hoff died at a retirement center in Shelburne, Vermont on April 26, 2018 at the age of 93.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
Governors of Vermont
Politicians from Massachusetts
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Frank Ray Keyser (August 17, 1927 – March 7, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician from Vermont.  He served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1959 to 1961, and 72nd Governor of Vermont from 1961 to 1963.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Governors of Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Emerson, Lake and Powell is the debut and only studio album by Emerson, Lake and Powell. The album was released in 1986.

References

1986 albums
ITV1 is a commercial television channel in the United Kingdom. Previously a network of separate regional television channels, ITV currently operates in England, Wales, Scotland, the Channel Islands and United States. From 2001 until 2013, the channel was called ITV1.

In 2004, Granada acquired Carlton Communications to form ITV plc.

History 
ITV was launched in 1955 as the second TV channel in the United Kingdom.

ITV name was only used in England, Wales, Southern Scotland and Isle of Man until Channel Television adopted the name in January 2006, bringing it to the Channel Islands.

The licencees that used the ITV1 brand were Anglia Television, Border Television, Carlton Television, Central Independent Television, Channel Television, Granada Television, ITV Wales & West, London Weekend Television, Meridian Broadcasting, Tyne Tees Television, Westcountry Television and Yorkshire Television.
The network production arms of the ITV-plc owned licencees have been gradually combined since 1993 to eventually form ITV Studios.

Regions 

In the English regions, the channel has been known from 2006 until 2013 as ITV1 and since 14 January 2013 as ITV at all times.

The ITV Wales name is not used overnight.

Areas without full ITV branding:

Branding and Idents

Independent Television (1955–1989) 
From the founding of the ITV Network in 1955, it was known nationally as Independent Television (later ITV) and locally by the regional branding of the local ITV franchise operator.
ITV (1989–1998) 
In 1989, the ITV Association set out a basic presentation package with a new "ITV" logo, which included idents, promotions and general on and off air design, and an edit of this package was designed for each franchise holder. The dual branded idents included a large "ITV" logo, in which the "V" contained part of the franchise's logo, and written below the logo in a grey capitalised font was the name of the regional broadcaster. However, only half of the regional broadcasters opted to use the package, which had completely failed by 1997.

"TV from the Heart" (1998-2001)
In 1999, another second common presentation (once again using dual-branding with the ITV name) was launched, under the theme, "TV from the Heart".

ITV1 (2001–2013) 
By 2001, all eleven franchises of England and Wales were owned by either Granada plc or Carlton Communications, and a new common name, ITV1, was launched on 11 August 2001 to coincide with digital channel ITV2. The existing "Hearts" idents were simply re-edited.
In January 2006, the channel adopted a new on-air look to coincide with the launch of ITV4, designed mainly to improve cross-channel promotion across ITV's multichannel presence. The new logo brought ITV1, ITV2 and ITV3 in line with ITV4's, and had been observed on various billboard ads in the UK when the new identity was first used on-screen on 16 January 2006.

ITV Day 
In 2005, ITV plc introduced a new channel branding called ITV Day, used to identify ITV1 between 9.25am and 6.00pm. ITV Day was treated as a separate entity to ITV1 and featured its own presentation set focusing using the colours of red, orange and yellow and featured scenes of typical "daytime" activities. Promotions were used in a similar format to ITV1, and all daytime programmes advertised within ITV1 hours were branded with the ITV Day logo. A similar "UTV Day" branding was adopted in Northern Ireland.
2013 rebranding 
On 15 November 2012, it was announced that as part of a major rebranding, ITV1 was renamed back to its previous name, ITV. In addition to this, ITV had a new colour-changing logo stylised as handwriting, that changed colour depending on the programming it is used on. It was revealed that the logo had green and purple for Dancing on Ice, and green and brown for I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. The overhaul is linked to ITV's attempt to cut costs, curb debts and reduce the company's reliance on advertising. This overhaul of their brand affected all ITV plc channels and online services. The rebrand went live on 14 January 2013, at the same time as the other ITV channels. Also for the first time in its history, a digital on-screen graphic (DOG) was introduced.

Spin-off channels 
ITV has two spin-off channels, ITV HD and ITV +1, which both launched in 2009. ITV HD was originally available in 2006 for a while for some programming, but officially launched in 2009.
Availability outside the UK  

ITV (as UTV) is widely available in the Republic of Ireland on cable and MMDS, as well as being received directly in areas bordering Northern Ireland, or in coastal areas from Wales (as ITV Wales). It is also available on cable and IPTV in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Since 27 March 2013, ITV London has been offered by British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) to members of HM Forces and their families around the world, replacing the BFBS3 TV channel, which already carried a selection of ITV programmes.

Logos

References

Other websites
 

1955 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in the United Kingdom
ITV (TV network)
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (sometimes called "Gangsta Party") is the second single from American rapper 2Pac's fifth studio album All Eyez on Me. The song was a duet sung by 2Pac and Snoop Dogg. It was released as a promotional single and was written by 2Pac, Snoop Dogg and Daz Dillinger.  

It is sometimes referred to as "Gangsta Party" because of the line ain't nuthin but a gangsta party in the chorus. The song was also featured on 2Pac's Greatest Hits in 1998 and a remix of the song was featured on the album Nu-Mixx Klazzics in 2003. 

On April 15, 2012, the song was played at the Coachella Festival with Snoop Dogg performing a duet with a virtual version of 2Pac.

References

Other websites

1996 songs
Tupac Shakur songs
Snoop Dogg songs
Kristin Cavallari (born January 5, 1987) is an American television and movie actress. She was in the television series Laguna Beach. She was also in the series The Hills.

Cavallari was born in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Barrington, Illinois.

References

Actors from Denver
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American television actors
1987 births
Living people
Lyndsy Fonseca (born January 7, 1987) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Colleen Carlton in The Young and the Restless. She also played Alexandra in Nikita.

Fonseca was born in Oakland, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Oakland, California
1987 births
Living people
Pasig, officially the City of Pasig () is a city of Metro Manila in the Philippines. It was capital of the province of Rizal prior to the formation of the National Capital Region. The current mayor of this city is "Vico Sotto".

The demonym of Pasig is "Pasigueño".

History
The Augustinians built Pasig City in 1572 making it one of the oldest towns in the Philippines. But after the Government combined Pasig with Rizal making Pasig the capital of Rizal province in June 1901.  It became the provincial capital, not until Metro Manila is formed in 1975 by the Metro Manila Commission making Pasig a city. Soon the government considered Pasig as a highly urbanized city. President Fidel V. Ramos signed it to become a law after five months on December 8, 1994. Pasig residents approved this through a referendum on January 21, 1995.
Public Services
Pasig recognizes the efforts of its residents and students, that’s why they give back school supplies yearly to public school students. Examples are free complete PE uniforms from shirts to rubber shoes and even complete school uniforms. The public government also enhanced the PCIST  (Pasig City School of Science and Technology) by adding more school courses and programs such as auto mechanic, soldering, welding, refrigerator fixing and more. They have also expanded the Rainforest park in Pasig that is also for the youth of the city. The expansion of RAVE (Rainforest Adventure Experience) such as adding libraries, music halls, auditoriums and a sports center.
Tourist Sites

	One of the most famous parks in Metro Manila is RAVE or the Rainforest Adventure Experience. It opened in 1977 and was known as the Pasig Central Park. Right now the park consists of many different recreational activities and a mini zoo. It also has an Olympic-sized swimming pool which is offered for the citizens of Pasig with a lower price. Pasig is also known for the place Ace Water Spa. The spa is an all-weather indoor place that has a pool that uses water for helping people feel better.
The Philippines is also known to have huge malls around the country and because Pasig is the center of Metro Manila it can access a lot of nearby malls and the malls inside its city itself such as SM Megamall. SM Megamall is the 3rd biggest SM (Shoe Mart) mall in the country owned by the famous Henry Sy. “Kapitolyo” is also famous for its neighborhood filled with restaurants and bars that can be found in East Capitol Drive of the “Barangay”. Pasig is also occupied by food parks that a person with good taste in food will enjoy. As for historical places, one famous place is the “Bahay na Tisa” which translates to House of Chalk. It is called House of Chalk because of its white walls. In Martial Law this house was used for two party lists of the Martial Law to hold their meetings and gatherings. The first Marian Parish is also found in the middle of Pasig called Immaculate Conception Cathedral. It was founded by the Augustinians (the founders of Pasig as well) in 1572
. Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary was the original a female patron of the church.
Reference List
 

Cities in the Philippines
Metro Manila
Uses of Wikidata Infobox
Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson, (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868) was an American frontiersman, a career that involved four chief occupations: mountain man, guide, Indian agent, and officer in the US Army. He helped to open the American West to settlement. In his day, he was a celebrity known far and wide in the United States. In modern America, he is still remembered as a folk hero, but he has been criticized for killing Native Americans.

Carson began his adult life in 1829 as a mountain man, who trapped beaver about ten years for the fur trade. During those years, Carson became an "Injun killer"  he was forced to kill many Native Americans to protect himself from attack, theft, and murder. Carson became known as one of the greatest of "Injun killers" through novels, newspaper accounts, and other media. When the fur trade died out in the 1840s, Carson looked for other work.
Carson served in several wars and battles with the tribes In the Southwest. He rounded up and moved Apaches and Navajos from their homelands to government lands called reservations. Carson was promoted to the rank of colonel. Late in life, he was promoted to brigadier general and given command of Fort Garland in Colorado. After about two years. Carson left the military because of illness. He died in 1868 at Fort Lyon, Colorado. He is buried in Taos, New Mexico, next to his third and last wife, Josefa Jaramillo.

Personal description

Carson was described by his contemporaries as a "small, stooped-shoulder" man with brown to red hair, blue eyes, and a strong but spare frame. He was said to be about 5 foot 7 inches. He was a modest gentleman. Most of his contemporaries were astonished that such a slight inconspicuous man had accomplished so much among the Native Americans and wild animals on the western frontier.
General William Tecumseh Sherman
In 1847, General William Tecumseh Sherman met Kit Carson in Monterey, California. Sherman wrote: "His fame was then at its height,... and I was very anxious to see a man who had achieved such feats of daring among the wild animals of the Rocky Mountains, and still wilder Indians of the plains.... I cannot express my surprise at beholding such a small, stoop-shouldered man, with reddish hair, freckled face, soft blue eyes, and nothing to indicate extraordinary courage of daring. He spoke but little and answered questions in monosyllables."
Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop 
Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop wrote: "Kit Carson was five feet five and one half-inches tall, weighed about 140 pounds, of nervy, iron temperament, squarely built, slightly bow-legged, and those members apparently too short for his body. But, his head and face made up for all the imperfections of the rest of his person. His head was large and well-shaped with yellow straight hair, worn long, falling on his shoulders. His face was fair and smooth as a woman's with high cheekbones, straight nose, a mouth with a firm, but somewhat sad expression, a keen, deep-set but beautiful, mild blue eye, which could become terrible under some circumstances, and like the warning of the rattlesnake, gave notice of attack. Though quick-sighted, he was slow and soft of speech, and posed great natural modesty."
Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton 
Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton made a coast-to-coast dispatch-carrying trip to Washington, DC, with Carson. Brewerton wrote: "The Kit Carson of my imagination was over six feet high  a sort of modern Hercules in his build  with an enormous beard, and a voice like a roused lion.... The real Kit Carson I found to be a plain, simple... man; rather below the medium height, with brown, curling hair, little or no beard, and a voice as soft and gentle as a woman's. In fact, the hero of a hundred desperate encounters, whose life had been mostly spent amid wilderness, where the white man is almost unknown, was one of Dame Nature's gentleman...."
Illiteracy
Carson was illiterate. He was embarrassed by not being able to read and write and so tried to hide it. He was impressed by gentlemen who could read and write, however. In 1856, he told his life story to an army officer, who wrote it down. Carson told the officer that he had left school at an early age: "I was a young boy in the school house when the cry came, Injuns! I jumped to my rifle and threw down my spelling book, and thar it lies."

Carson enjoyed having other people read to him. He liked the poetry of Lord Byron. Carson thought Sir Walter Scott's long poem The Lady of the Lake was "the finest expression of outdoor life." He also liked a book about William the Conqueror, whose favorite oath was "By the splendor of God." Carson used that ath as his own and was known to have Nevers used anything stronger.
Carson learned to write "C. Carson" late in life, but it was very difficult for him. He made his mark on official papers, and the mark was then witnessed by a clerk. Carson easily spoke English, Spanish, and French. He could speak many Native American languages, including Navajo, Apache, and Comanche. He also knew the sign language that was used by mountain men. Very late in life, he learned to read to a certain extent and to recognize his name when it appeared in print.

Early life

Carson was born in Kentucky, but his family moved to Missouri when he was a baby. In Missouri, the family was in danger from Native American attacks and had to find ways to protect themselves. After his father's death in 1818, Kit's mother remarried. The boy became a wild teenager. His stepfather put him to work in a saddle-making shop in Franklin, Missouri.
Kentucky
Carson was born in a log cabin at Tate's Creek, Madison County, Kentucky on Christmas Eve 1809. His parents were Lindsay (or Lindsey) Carson and his second wife, Rebecca Robinson. Lindsay had had five children by his first wife, Lucy Bradley, and ten more children by Rebecca. Kit was their sixth.

Lindsay Carson had a Scots-Irish Presbyterian background. He was a farmer, a cabin builder, and a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. He also fought Native Americans on the frontier. Two fingers on his left hand were shot away in a battle with the Sauk and Fox tribes.

Missouri
The Carsons moved to Boone's Lick, Howard County, Missouri, when Kit was about one year old. They knew Daniel Boone's family. Lindsay's oldest son, William, married Boone's grandniece, Millie Boone, in 1810. Their daughter, Adaline, became Kit's favorite playmate.
Defenses from attacks
The Carson family was always in danger of Native American attacks in Missouri and so had to be alert. Cabins were "forted:" they had tall fences built around them, called stockades, to make the people inside Them safe from attack. During the day, men worked in the fields near the cabins. Some men had weapons to protect the workers and were ready to kill any Native American who attacked. Carson wrote in his Memoirs: "For two or three years after our arrival, we had to remain forted and it was necessary to have men stationed at the extremities of the fields for the protection of those that were laboring."

Death of Lindsay Carson
One day in 1818, Lindsay Carson was clearing a field when a tree limb fell on him. He was killed instantly when Kit was about eight years old. His mother took care of her children alone for four years. They lived in great poverty. She then married Joseph Martin, a widower with several children.
Apprenticeship
Carson did not get along with his stepfather and became a wild and uncontrollable teenager. His stepfather apprenticed him to David Workman, a saddle maker in Franklin, Missouri. Kit was a boy in his mid-teens and wrote in his Memoirs that Workman was "a good man, and I often recall the kind treatment I received."

Runaway
Carson did not like making saddles and ran away from home in 1826. He traveled over the Santa Fe Trail with mountain men. In 1829, he joined with trapper Ewing Young on a trek to the Rocky Mountains. He learned much from Young about trapping.

Turned mountain man
Workman posts a reward
Workman put an advertisement in a local newspaper back in Missouri. He wrote that he would give a one cent reward to anyone who brought the boy back to Franklin. No one claimed the reward. It was a bit of a joke, but Carson was free. The advertisement featured the first printed description of Carson: "Christopher Carson, a boy about 16 years old, small of his age, but thick set; light hair, ran away from the subscriber, living in Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, to whom he had been bound to learn the saddler's trade."

Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the Southwest. He also worked at a copper mining|mine near the Gila River, in southwestern New Mexico. In later life, Carson never mentioned any women from his youth. There are only three specific women mentioned in his writing: Josefa Jaramillo, his third and last wife; a comrade's mother in Washington, DC; and Mrs. Ann White, a victim of Native American atrocities.
Ewing Young and Thomas Fitzpatrick
In August 1829, the 19-year-old Carson joined trapper Ewing Young and his mountain men on a fur- hunting expedition to Arizona and California. That was Carson's first professional job as a mountain man. Carson received much experience as a trapper on the expedition. Young is credited with shaping Carson's early life in the mountains.

Carson returned to Taos in 1829 and joined a wagon train rescue party. Although the perpetrators had fled the scene of atrocities, Young had the opportunity to witness Carson's horsemanship and courage. Kit passed the winter of 1827-1828 as Young's cook in Taos. Carson joined another expedition led by Thomas Fitzpatrick in 1831. Fitzpatrick and his trappers went north to the central Rocky Mountains. Carson would hunt and trap in the West for about ten years. He was known as a reliable man and a good fighter.

Mountain man