Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
October 25 - Lisa Jardine, 71, British historian, cancer.
 October 26 - Ed Walker, 83, American radio personality (Joy Boys), cancer.
 October 26 - Scott Barr, 99, American politician, member of the Washington House of Representatives (1977–1983) and the Washington Senate (1983–1993).
 October 27 - Philip French, 82, British movie critic (The Observer) and BBC radio producer, heart attack.
 October 28 - Nicolás Fuentes, 74, Peruvian footballer (national team), complications of diabetes. 
 October 29 - Ernesto Boy Herrera, 73, Filipino politician, member of the House of Representatives (19982001) and Senate (19871998), cardiac arrest.
 October 30 - Al Molinaro, 96, American actor (Happy Days, Joanie Loves Chachi, The Odd Couple), complications from infected gall bladder.
 October 30 - Mel Daniels, 71, American basketball player (Indiana Pacers), complications from surgery.
 October 30 - Willis Carto, 89, American white supremacist and Holocaust denier, founder of the American Free Press, cardiac arrest.
October 31 - Ants Antson, 76, Estonian speed skater, Olympic champion (1964).
 October 31 - Gus Savage, 90, American newspaper executive and politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Illinois's 2nd district (19811993).
 October 31 - Thomas Blatt, 88, Polish writer and Holocaust survivor following escape from Sobibór .
 October 31 - Gregg Palmer, 88, American actor (Gunsmoke, Death Valley Days, The Virginian).
Previous months
 January 2015
 February 2015
 March 2015
 April 2015
 May 2015
 June 2015
 July 2015
 August 2015
 September 2015

References

10
9½ Weeks is a 1986 American erotic romantic drama movie. It was directed by Adrian Lyne and it was produced by Mark Damon, Sidney Kimmel, Zalman King, and Antony Rufus-Isaacs. It was released on February 20, 1986. It is based on the Elizabeth McNeill memoir of the same name. The movie is about a New York City art gallery employee who has an affair with a Wall Street broker.

Reviews
The movie got mixed and negative reviews from critics. 1,000 people attended a preview screening of the movie and everybody except 40 people walked out. 35 of the 40 people who filled out cards said that they really did not like it. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie gave the movie 3 and a half stars stars out of 4 and said that "A lot of the success of 9½ Weeks is because Rourke and Basinger make the characters and their relationship convincing."

In terms of money, this movie did not earn much in the United States but it was successful in Europe.
Cast 
 Mickey Rourke as John Gray
 Kim Basinger as Elizabeth McGraw
 Margaret Whitton as Molly
 David Margulies as Harvey
 Christine Baranski as Thea
 Karen Young as Sue
 William De Acutis as Ted (as William DeAcutis)
 Dwight Weist as Farnsworth
 Roderick Cook as Sinclair, the critic
 Victor Truro as Gallery client

References

Other websites

1980s erotic movies
1986 romantic drama movies
American erotic movies
American romantic drama movies
BDSM in movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Adrian Lyne
Movies set in New York City
Introducing Joss Stone is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 9 March 2007 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. In the United States, it debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart.

Reviews

Introducing Joss Stone received mixed to positive criticism from critics.

Track listing

Sampling credits
 "Headturner" contains an interpolation of "Respect" by Otis Redding.
 "Music" contains an interpolation of "The Mask" by the Fugees.
 "Proper Nice" contains an interpolation of "Catch Me (I'm Falling)" by Pretty Poison.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Introducing Joss Stone.
Joss Stone – lead vocals, executive producer, art direction, A&R
 Isaiah Abolin – assistant engineering 
 Jawara Adams – trumpet 
 Chalmers "Spanky" Alford – guitar 
 Chris Anokute – A&R
 Mike Boden – assistant engineering 
 Oswald Bowe – assistant engineering 
 Brian Bowen Smith – photography
 Chuck Brungardt – mixing, recording ; Pro Tools operator 
 Jonathan "Meres" Cohen – body painting, graffiti
 Anthony Coleman – trumpet 
 Lois Colin – harp 
 Common – vocals 
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Reggie Dozier – string recording ; horn recording 
 Joi Gilliam – backing vocals 
 David Gorman – design
 Steve Greenwell – additional recording ; vocal recording 
 Charlie Happiness – clavinet 
 Lauryn Hill – vocals 
 Lionel Holoman – organ ; Rhodes ; keyboards ; Wurlitzer 
 Keisha Jackson – backing vocals 
 Priscilla Jones Campbell – backing vocals 
 Vinnie Jones – voiceover 
 Justin Kessler – Pro Tools operator 
 Dave Larring – additional recording 
 Joshua Lutz – mural
 Jeremy Mackenzie – Pro Tools operator
Kate McGregor – art coordinator
 Mix Master Mike – turntables 
 Dror Mohar – assistant engineering 
 Sean Mosher-Smith – art direction
 Robert Ozuna – sitar ; percussion ; additional drums ; drums ; turntables 
 Khari Parker – percussion ; drums ; additional drums 
 Jermaine Paul – backing vocals 
 Tino Richardson – saxophone 
 Raphael Saadiq – production ; bass ; guitar ; backing vocals ; horn arrangements ; keyboards ; piano 
 Bob Scott – photography
 Ian Shea – assistant engineering 
 Luke Smith – assistant engineering 
 Scott Somerville – assistant engineering 
 Glenn Standridge – mixing, production coordinator, recording
 Charlie Stavish – assistant engineering 
 Neil Symonette – percussion 
 James Tanksley – assistant engineering 
 John Tanksley – assistant engineering 
 Amy Touma – A&R
 Seamus Tyson – assistant engineering 
 Kenneth "Scooter" Whalum III – tenor saxophone ; baritone saxophone 
 Benjamin Wright – string arrangements ; horn arrangements 
 James Zellar – trombone

References
References 

2007 albums
Joss Stone albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
David Ashby (11 November 1949 – 16 September 2015) was a British motorcycle speedway rider. He rode for Swindon Robins between 1972 and 1978, making 151 appearances. He also rode with Peterborough Panthers and Milton Keynes Knights. He retired in 1979.

Ashby was born in Marlborough, Wiltshire. His brother was Martin Ashby. He had two sons, Lee and Jamie.

Ashby died from cancer on 16 September 2015 in Swindon, Wiltshire. He was 65.

References

1949 births
2015 deaths
Speedway riders
People from Wiltshire
British motorcycle racers
A maternal insult (also referred to as a "yo mama" joke) is a reference to a person's mother. This is through the use of phrases such as "your mother" or other variations, often used to insult the target by way of their mother.  "Your mother" can be combined with most types of insults, although suggestions of promiscuity are common. One of the purposes of these insults is to incite violence. Slang variants such as "yo mama", "yo momma", "ur mom", "yer ma", "ya mum", "your mum", "ya mudda" or "your mom" are sometimes used, depending on the local dialect.

Historic examples
In the Bible, King Joram is greeted by the rebel Jehu with an angry expression about Joram's mother:

When Joram saw Jehu, he said, "Is it peace, Jehu?"
And he answered, "What peace, so long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?"

William Shakespeare used such a device in Act I Scene 1 of Timon of Athens:
Painter: "Y'are a dog."
Apemantus: "Thy mother's of my generation. What's she, if I be a dog?"
(In this example, the implication is that the mother is a "bitch".)

The world's oldest yo momma joke was written about 1,500 BC. It loses much in the translation but was found in Iraq on an ancient tablet:

'' “...of your mother is by the one who has intercourse with her. What/who is it?

(No answer)”

While it cannot be completely deciphered, it is clear some comment is being made about somebody's mother.

Related pages 
Insult

References

Other websites 
Yo Momma - MTV television show involving the mother-insult style of insult comedy]

Slang
Cultural anthropology
Humor
The origin of the blues. Little is known about the origin of the music known as the blues.  No year can be cited as the origin, because the style evolved over a long period. Ethnomusicologist Gerhard Kubik traces the roots of many of its elements back to the African continent, the "cradle of the blues".

One early mention comes from 1901, when an archaeologist in Mississippi described the songs of black workers which had lyrical themes and technical elements in common with the blues.
Many of these blues elements, such as the call-and-response format, can be traced back to the music of Africa. When African slaves went to work in North America, they took musical traditions with them. Early forms of music include spirituals and work songs. Spirituals were religious songs and work songs were sung to the rhythm of working. Work songs included a vocal call and response, or where the lead drummer makes a beat and then the others respond to it.

The majority of blues songs have four beats in a bar, and are built on the 12 bar blues form which uses three phrases, each four bars long. They can also use the blue scale.

References 

Blues music
American music history
Mürwik (also: Muerwik, Danish: Mørvig) is a district of Flensburg. It is on the east side of the Flensburg Firth (estuary) on the peninsula of Angeln. It is well known for the Naval Academy Mürwik with its sail training ship Gorch Fock. It was where the last government of Nazi Germany, called the Flensburg government led by Karl Dönitz was located. It is also the location of the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA), Germany's Federal Motor Transport Authority.

Geography 
There are five communities in Mürwik: 
 Stützpunkt Flensburg-Mürwik 
 Osbek (Danish: Osbæk)
 Wasserloos (Danish: Vandløs)
 Friedheim
 Solitüde (also: Solitude, Danish: Solitude)

The highest elevation of the district is about  above sea level. Mürwik also has some natural undeveloped areas, such as the nature reserve at Twedter field.

History
History 

Mürwik was first mentioned in 1734. The Naval Academy Mürwik was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets spent three months training then would go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.

References 

Flensburg
The Naval Academy Mürwik (German: Marineschule Mürwik) is the training school for German Navy officers in Flensburg-Mürwik. The castle-like building overlooks the Flensburg Fjord. Called the "Red Castle", it is well known for its beautiful architecture. It was patterned after the Marienburg (Malbork Castle) in Poland, the seat of the Teutonic Knights.

History 

The academy was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets would spend three months training then go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered. 

Currently cadets spend a year at Flensburg-Mürwik academy before going on to study at the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr in Hamburg or the Bundeswehr University Munich.

References
References 

Flensburg
Military schools
John Rogers Galvin (May 13, 1929 – September 25, 2015) was an American army general. He served as the sixth dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He was a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century. He was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

Galvin died in Jonesboro, Georgia, aged 86.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
Military people from Massachusetts
American generals‎
Claude Dauphin (10 June, 1951 – September 30, 2015) was a French billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV. He had served as Trafigura's chairman and CEO. In March 2013 his net wealth was estimated at $1 billion by Forbes.

Dauphin died in the early hours of September 30, 2015 in a hospital in Bogota, Colombia from cancer, aged 64.

References

1951 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Colombia
French businesspeople
Kelly Renee Gissendaner (March 8, 1968 – September 30, 2015) was an American woman who was executed by the state of Georgia. Gissendaner had been convicted of orchestrating the murder of her husband, Douglas Gissendaner, in 1997.  At the time of the murder, Gissendaner was 28 and her husband was 30. After her conviction, and until her execution, Gissendaner was the only woman on death row in Georgia.

References

1968 births
2015 deaths
American criminals
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
Ernest Jeffrey Moniz GCIH (born December 22, 1944) is an American nuclear physicist. He was the United States Secretary of Energy, serving under U.S. President Barack Obama from May 2013 to January 2017.

References

Other websites

Moniz Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, to Consider the Nomination of Dr. Ernest Moniz to be the Secretary of Energy, April 9, 2013
Dr. Ernest Moniz at the United States Department of Energy

"Why We Still Need Nuclear Power", Making Clean Energy Safe and Affordable by Ernest Moniz in November/December 2011 Foreign Affairs

1944 births
Living people
American physicists
Politicians from Massachusetts
Scientists from Massachusetts
United States Secretaries of Energy
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Arrowhead Stadium is a football stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. GEHA purchased stadium rights. It is home to the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs. It is the largest sports facility by capacity in the state of Missouri. A $375 million renovation was completed in 2010.

National Football League venues
Sports in Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City Chiefs
A lieutenant governor, lieutenant-governor, or vice governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor — a "second-in-command"

In the United States, lieutenant governors are usually second-in-command to a state governor, and the actual power held by the lieutenant governor varies greatly from state to state.

Government occupations
James David Watkins (March 7, 1927July 26, 2012) was an American politician. He was a United States Navy admiral and former Chief of Naval Operations.

He served as the U.S. Secretary of Energy during the George H. W. Bush administration, also chairing U.S. government commissions on HIV/AIDS and ocean policy. Watkins also served on the boards of various companies and other nongovernmental organizations and as the co-chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative.

Watkins died of congestive heart failure on July 26, 2012 in Alexandria, Virginia at the age of 85.

References

1927 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
United States Secretaries of Energy
Military people from California
Scientists from California
Politicians from California
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deadly Relations is a 1993 American television film directed by Bill Condon. It stars Robert Urich, Shelley Fabares and Gwyneth Paltrow. The film originally aired on ABC on May 22, 1993.

References

American crime drama movies
1993 crime movies
1993 drama movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies directed by Bill Condon
No Child of Mine is a February 1997 British documentary-drama and domestic violence television movie.  It is about the true case of a 13-year-old girl named Kerry (played by Brooke Kinsella). Kerry was sexually abused and bullied at several times by her abusive mother, Linda (played by Sharon Small), and her father, Jim (played by Bill Geraghty).

References 

1997 movies
Television movies
British drama movies
Hurricane Joaquin (wah-keen) was a strong tropical cyclone. It threatened the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States.

Joaquin  became the most powerful cyclone in the Atlantic in 2015.  Hurricane Joaquin passed over the warmest ocean temperatures since record keeping began in 1880, of near 86°F (30°C).

The storm developed on September 28. It became Tropical Storm Joaquin on September 29, and a hurricane the day after.

The storm later threatened Bermuda.

Thirty-four people were killed in the storm, including 33 on the ship El Faro.

The name Joaquin was retired. It was replaced with Julian.

References

Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
2015 in weather
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hadi Norouzi (‎; 22 June 1985 – 1 October 2015) was an Iranian footballer. He played as a striker and winger. He was best known for playing for Persepolis, and became the club's captain two months before his death. He also had spells with clubs Pasargad Tehran, Fajr Sepah Tehran, Gahar Zagros and Naft Tehran. Norouzi was born in Babol, Mazandaran Province.

Norouzi died from a heart attack on 1 October 2015 in Tehran. He was 30.

References

Other websites

 Hadi Norouzi  at PersianLeague.com
 Hadi Norouzi at TeamMelli.com
 

1985 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Iran
Iranian footballers
Mazandaran Province
Cape Fear is a 1962 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson and it was produced by Sy Bartlett. Cape Fear was released on April 12, 1962. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel The Executioners. The movie is about an attorney who along with his family is stalked by a vengeful criminal who he had helped send to jail for rape. A remake of the movie was made by Martin Scorsese and was released in 1991.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Bosley Crowther of the New York Times said that he liked the "tough, tight script" and the "steady and starkly sinister style" that the movie had to it. He finished his review by saying "this is really one of those shockers that provokes disgust and regret." Cady was ranked as #28 on the American Film Institute's list of top 50 movie villains of all time.
Cast 
 Gregory Peck as Sam Bowden
 Robert Mitchum as Max Cady
 Polly Bergen as Peggy Bowden
 Lori Martin as Nancy Bowden
 Martin Balsam as Mark Dutton
 Jack Kruschen as Dave Grafton
 Telly Savalas as Charlie Sievers
 Barrie Chase as Diane Taylor
 Paul Comi as George Garner
 Edward Platt as Judge

References

Other websites

1962 thriller movies
1960s psychological movies
American legal movies
American thriller movies
1960s English-language movies
Movies about families
Movies about murderers
Movies about revenge
Movies about stalking
Movies based on books
Rape in movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by J. Lee Thompson
Movies set in North Carolina
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Vance DeBar "Pinto" Colvig (September 11, 1892 - October 3, 1967) was an American actor, voice actor, newspaper cartoonist, circus performer, vaudeville performer, animator, and writer. He was best known as the original Bozo the Clown. He was the voice of Disney's Goofy. In 1993 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.

Life and career 
Colvig was born in 1892 in Jacksonville, Oregon. His parents were Addie and William Colvig. His father was the Jackson County attorney. He was the youngest of seven children. He was nicknamed "Pinto" because of all his freckles. Colvig grew up in Jacksonville and nearby Medford. He spend a good deal of time mimicking the sounds he heard all around him. He could mimic the sound of farm animals, a rusty gate and noises from around the village.
He studied art at Oregon Agricultural College (OAC) (later Oregon State University) in Corvallis, Oregon. in 1916 he married Margaret Slaven. They moved to San Francisco where Colvig worked as a cartoonist for the San Francisco Bulletin and the San Francisco Chronicle.

Silent films 
In the 1920s Colvig began working in Hollywood in silent movies. He was a comedy writer and played bit parts for Mack Sennett. He then moved to the Disney studios where he became one of their top artists.

Talking pictures 
When movies changed to sound he began doing voices for characters. He is also known for his Disney work as the voice of Goofy from 1932 until his death in 1967. He was the voice of Bluto in Popeye cartoons. He was Grumpy and Sleepy in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In The Three Little Pigs he was the voice  of the Practical Pig. He was also the co-writer of the song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" in the same movie.
Sound artist 
From the 1920s he provided sound effects on programs such as the Jack Benny Program and Amos 'n' Andy. He invented most of his own sound effects. He was known for making a funny line even funnier. Colvig is a legend among foley sound technicians.

Bozo the clown  
As a teenager Colvig ran away to join the circus. He eventually performed as a circus clown. In 1946 he was hired by Capitol Records to work on the world's first read-along book “Bozo at the Circus.” The book and record were a tremendous success and there were demands by children to see Bozo. Drawing on his circus background, Colvig created a clown character to match the books and records. Station KTTV in Los Angeles created a television series for Bozo the clown starring Pinto Colvig. After Bozo, Colvig returned to doing voice work.

Death
Colvig died of lung cancer on October 3, 1967, in Woodland Hills, California. He was 75 years old.

Filmography

References
References

1892 births
1967 deaths
Actors from Oregon
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from lung cancer
Vaudeville performers
Comedians from Oregon
Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and it was produced by Barbara De Fina. Cape Fear was released on November 13, 1991. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel The Executioners. It is a remake of the 1962 movie directed by J. Lee Thompson. The movie is about an attorney who is stalked along with his family by a vengeful criminal he had defended in court against rape charges, but was sent to jail for eight years.

Reviews
The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 76% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars and said that he liked the "Cape Fear is impressive moviemaking, showing Scorsese as a master of a traditional Hollywood genre who is able to mold it to his own themes and obsessions. But as I look at this $35 million movie with big stars, special effects and production values, I wonder whether it represents a good omen from the finest director now at work."
Awards
At the 64th Academy Awards, Robert De Niro was nominated in the category of Best Actor and Juliette Lewis was nominated in the category of Best Supporting Actress but neither of them won. At the 49th Golden Globe Awards, De Niro was nominated for Best Actor – Drama and Lewis was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.

Cast 
Robert De Niro as Max Cady
Nick Nolte as Sam Bowden
Jessica Lange as Leigh Bowden
Juliette Lewis as Danielle Bowden
Joe Don Baker as Claude Kersek
Robert Mitchum as Lt. Elgart
Gregory Peck as Lee Heller
Illeana Douglas as Lori Davis
Fred Dalton Thompson as Tom Broadbent
Zully Montero as Graciella
Martin Balsam as Judge
Charles Scorsese as Fruitstand Customer

References

Other websites
Other websites

1991 crime thriller movies
1990s legal movies
American crime thriller movies
American legal movies
American movie remakes
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
1990s English-language movies
Movies about lawyers
Movies about murderers
Movies about revenge
Movies about stalking
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Rape in movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies set in North Carolina
Edith Claire Bryce (May 6, 1880 – February 28, 1960) was an American peace activist. She founded the Peace House.

Biography
Bryce was born on May 6, 1880. Her father was General Lloyd Stephens Bryce, the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Her mother was Edith Cooper Bryce, a Millionairess who died in 1916 leaving $ 3,000,000 to her family in her will. She married John Sergeant Cram. She founded Peace House, dedicated to the advancement of peace. She died on February 28, 1960. She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.

References

Other websites
Edith Claire Bryce at Findagrave

1880 births
1960 deaths
American activists
Nonviolence advocates
A bye in sports and other competitive activities can have two different meanings. Both mean that a participant in a competition is not required to compete while most of the other participants are. Its main use is in tournament competitions. In single-elimination tournaments, when there are an odd number of participants, a bye allows one or more to play in a later round. Other types of eliminator tournaments may also include a bye for others reasons. An example would be as a reward for the best ranked team(s).

In round-robin tournaments where there are an odd number of competitors, usually one gets a bye in each round. However, over the whole tournament, each team plays the same number of games.
Similar to the round-robin context, in leagues where most teams play on the same days during regular-season play, a team that does not play on a given day is said to be on bye. In sports that are played weekly, especially gridiron football, a team that does not play at all during a given week is said to be on its bye week. For example, during the regular football Season in the NFL, each team gets a week off (bye week) during the regular season.

References 

Sports words
Ten Thousand Fists is the third studio album by Disturbed. Disturbed is an American heavy metal band. The album was released on September 20, 2005. It was the band's first album with John Moyer playing the bass guitar. This is because Steve Kmak left the band in 2003. The album was produced by John Karkazis. It was the band's third album produced by Karkazis.

The album was number one on the Billboard 200, an American music chart. It was Disturbed's second album to do this. In one week, over 200,000 copies of the album were sold. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album also had a cover version of "Land of Confusion". This is a song by Genesis. The cover was number one on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The album was made for Dimebag Darrell, a music maker that was killed before it was released.

Track listing

References

2005 albums
The Ptolemaic dynasty, also known as the Lagids or Lagidae, was a Macedonian Greek royal family who ruled over Egypt.  Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.

Ptolemy, was one of Alexander the Great's generals and deputies. He was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (savior). The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Unlike their previous rulers under the Achaemenid Empire, they usually lived in Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC.
All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy.  Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous, was the last queen, Cleopatra VII. She was involved in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her death marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.

Ptolemaic rulers and consorts
Dates in brackets represent the ruling dates of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. They often ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters. Several queens exercised royal authority, but the most famous and successful was Cleopatra VII (51–30 BC), with her two brothers and her son as successive nominal co-rulers.  Several systems exist for numbering the later rulers; the one used here is the one most widely used by modern scholars.
Ptolemy I Soter (305–282 BC) married first (probably) Thaïs, secondly Artakama, thirdly Eurydice and finally Berenice I
 Ptolemy II Philadelphus (282 BC–246 BC) married Arsinoe I, then Arsinoe II Philadelphus; ruled jointly with Ptolemy I Epigone (267–259 BC)
 Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–221 BC) married Berenice II
 Ptolemy IV Philopator (221–203 BC) married Arsinoe III
 Ptolemy V Epiphanes (203–181 BC) married Cleopatra I
 Ptolemy VI Philometor (181–164 BC, 163–145 BC) married Cleopatra II, briefly ruled jointly with Ptolemy Eupator in 152 BC
 Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (never reigned)
 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon) (170–163 BC, 145–116 BC) married Cleopatra II then Cleopatra III; temporarily expelled from Alexandria by Cleopatra II between 131 BC and 127 BC, reconciled with her in 124 BC.
 Cleopatra II Philometora Soteira (131–127 BC), in opposition to Ptolemy VIII
Cleopatra III Philometor Soteira Dikaiosyne Nikephoros (Kokke) (116–101 BC) ruled jointly with Ptolemy IX (116–107 BC) and Ptolemy X (107–101 BC)
 Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) (116–107 BC, 88–81 BC as Soter II) married Cleopatra IV then Cleopatra Selene; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III in his first reign
 Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–88 BC) married Cleopatra Selene then Berenice III; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III till 101 BC
 Berenice III Philopator (81–80 BC)
 Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80 BC) married and ruled jointly with Berenice III before murdering her; ruled alone for 19 days after that.
 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC) married Cleopatra V Tryphaena
 Cleopatra V Tryphaena (58–57 BC) ruled jointly with Berenice IV Epiphaneia (58–55 BC) and Cleopatra VI Tryphaena (58 BC)
 Cleopatra VII Philopator (51–30 BC) ruled jointly with Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (51–47 BC), Ptolemy XIV (47–44 BC) and Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44–30 BC).
Other members of the Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemy Keraunos (died 279 BC) - eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter. Eventually became king of Macedon.
Ptolemy Apion (died 96 BC) - son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Made king of Cyrenaica. Bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome.
Ptolemy Philadelphus (born 36 BC) - son of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
Ptolemy of Mauretania (died AD 40) - son of Juba II of Mauretania and Cleopatra Selene II, daughter of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. King of Mauretania.

Medical analysis
Members of the Ptolemaic dynasty were described as extremely obese. Their sculptures and coins show prominent eyes and swollen necks. Graves' disease within the family could explain the swollen necks and eye prominence (exophthalmos), although this is unlikely if they were simply obese.
Members of this dynasty likely suffered from a multi-organ fibrotic condition such as Erdheim–Chester disease or a familial multifocal fibrosclerosis. With this condition, then thyroiditis, obesity and ocular proptosis can all occur at the same time.

Gallery of images

References

Further reading
 Susan Stephens, Seeing Double. Intercultural Poetics in Ptolemaic Alexandria (Berkeley, 2002).
 A. Lampela, Rome and the Ptolemies of Egypt. The development of their political relations 273-80 B.C. (Helsinki, 1998).
  J. G. Manning, The Last Pharaohs: Egypt Under the Ptolemies, 305-30 BC (Princeton, 2009).

Other websites

Livius, Ptolemies  by Jona Lendering

1st millennium BC pharaohs
Hedjet is the name for the White Crown of Upper Egypt, used in Ancient Egypt. The crown was white and after Lower and Upper Egypt joined together, it was combined with the Deshret, the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. This Double Crown was called the Pschent. The symbol sometimes used for the Hedjet was the vulture goddess Nekhbet. This would be shown next to the head of the cobra goddess  Wadjet, the Uraeus  on the Pschent.

History 
The white crown has a long history, going back into the Predynastic Period. This shows that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the Hedjet was thought to have been in the Qustul in Nubia. New discoveries, particularly the excavation of Cemetery U and the tome U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA have shown that it appears earlier in Egypt.
Nekhbet, the protective goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was shown as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the White Crown. The falcon god Horus of Hierakonpolis (Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a White Crown. The White Crown is on the Narmer Palette found at Hierakonpolis. It shows the king of the South wearing the hedjet, triumphing over his northern enemies.  The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the White Crown.

As with the Deshret (Red Crown), no example of the White Crown has survived.  It is unknown how it was made or what materials were used. It is possible it was made from felt or leather. The fact that no crown has ever been found, might suggest that the crown was passed from one ruler to the next, much as in present day monarchies.

References

Ancient Egypt
Rose Livingston (circa 1885 - after 1937) was an American suffragist and former prostitute. She was known as the "Angel of Chinatown". She worked with prostitutes and victims of sexual slavery.

Biography
In 1912 while trying to rescue a prostitute she was severely beaten.

In 1914 she participated in one of the Suffrage Hikes from Manhattan to Albany, New York.

In 1929, she was given a gold medal by the National Institute of Social Science.

In 1934 she was found living in poverty. A retirement fund was established for her.

In 1937 she was awarded a silver cup by Edith Claire Bryce (1880-1960)  of the Peace House for her "deeds of courage without violence".

References

1885 births
Year of death unknown
American human rights activists
American prostitutes
Slavery
Joe Wark (9 October 1947 – 1 October 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer. He spent all of his professional career with Motherwell. He made 464 appearances for the club in the Scottish Football League between 1968 and 1984. He was born in Glasgow.

Wark died after a long illness on 1 October 2015. He was 67.

References

1947 births
2015 deaths
Footballers from Glasgow
Jacob "Jack" Pressman (October 26, 1919 – October 1, 2015) was an American Conservative rabbi. He was the rabbi of Temple Beth Am in Los Angeles, California from 1950 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the American Jewish University in Bel Air. He also wrote a weekly column in The Beverly Hills Courier from 2004 to 2015.

Pressman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was born to Jewish parents, Solomon and Dora Pressman. He was married to Marjorie. They had three children.

Pressman died on October 1, 2015 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 95.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
American columnists
American rabbis
Jewish American writers
Writers from Philadelphia
Winston Maxwell "Max" Keeping  (April 1, 1942 – October 1, 2015) was a Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist. He was CJOH-DT vice-president of news and public affairs. CJOH-DT is the CTV station in Ottawa, Ontario. He was an anchor for the station from 1972 until his retirement in 2010.

Keeping was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. He died from cancer in Ottawa, aged 73.

References

1942 births
2015 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian television presenters
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Order of Canada
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Usnija Redžepova  (; 4 February 1946 – 1 October 2015) was a Macedonian who belongend to the Romani people actress and singer. She appeared in the movies Zenidba nosaca Samuela (1973), The Dervish and Death (1974) and Kostana (1980). She was given a national pension from the Serbian government on 29 December 2011.

Redžepova was born in Skopje. She was of Romani people. She died from lung cancer in Belgrade, aged 69.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Movie actors
Musicians from Skopje
Singers
Television actors
Roma people
Rick "Ricky" Talan (3 November 1960 – 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.

Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.

Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.

References

1960 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from brain cancer
Dutch footballers
People from Katwijk
Sportspeople from South Holland
The Saqqara Tablet is stone from Ancient Egypt. On it is written a list of Egyptian pharaohs from the New Kingdom. It was found in a tomb at Saqqara in 1861. The tomb belonged to Tjenry (or Tjuneroy), an official of the pharaoh Ramesses II. He was a priest and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments". The stone is now in the Egyptian Museum.

The list names 58 kings, from Anedjib and Qa'a in the First Dynasty to Ramesses II in the Nineteenth Dynasty. The list is in reverse chronological order. It leaves out names of "rulers from the Second Intermediate Period, the Hyksos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten".

Each name is surrounded by a border known as a cartouche). The stone is badly damaged, and only 47 names have survived. There are mistakes in the list. For example, it only mentions four kings of the Third Dynasty. The order is correct only for the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty. The only known photograph of the king list was published in 1865.
Kings in the list 
The names are listed in reverse chronological order from the upper right to the bottom left, as they were meant to be read.

Other New Kingdom royal lists 
 Abydos King List
 Karnak king list
 Turin King List
 Medinet Habu king list

References

Bibliography
 Auguste Mariette: La table de Saqqarah in Revue Archeologique Vol 10, Paris 1864, p. 168-186, Pl. 17
 Emmanuel de Rougé: Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte, Paris 1865, Photographs, No. 143-145
 Auguste Mariette: Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie (Tables), Paris 1872, Vol. II, Pl. 58
 Eduard Meyer: Ägyptische Chronologie, Pl. 1, (Berlin 1904)

2nd millennium BC in Egypt
2nd millennium BC works
Hovsta is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,785 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Orebro County
Richard Walker Mallary (February 21, 1929 – September 27, 2011) was an American politician. He was as a U.S. Representative from Vermont representing Vermont's At-large congressional district from 1972 to 1975.

Mallary died of prostate cancer in Brookfield, Vermont, aged 82.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
United States representatives from Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Cancer deaths in Vermont
Coronel Suárez is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Coronel Suárez Partido.

History
The Partido was created in 1882 and the city was founded in 1883. It was named after Manuel Isidoro Suárez, a colonel of Argentine army who fought in the Battle of Junín in 1824.

Towns in Argentina
1882 establishments
1880s establishments in Argentina
Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and a five times candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. He earned about a million votes in one election while being in prison.

Early life 
Debs was born on November 5, 1885 in Terre Haute, Indiana. He left school when he was 14 in order to work on scraping paint and grease off cars in the Vandalia Railroad on a 50 cent a day wage.

References

1855 births
1926 deaths
American socialists
Deaths from heart failure
Socialist politicians
Democratic socialists
Politicians from Indiana
Holly Sue Cullen (born December 23, 1979), the model is known mostly  as Holly Madison, is an American television personality. She is best known for being one of Hugh Hefner's girlfriends on the reality television series The Girls Next Door. She also had her own reality series, Holly's World.

References

Living people
1979 births
Models from Nevada
Ernest Cotton Deane  (born 4 May 1887 and died 25 September 1915) was a medical officer of the British Indian Army.  He was born in the city of Limerick, Ireland. He went to school in Dún Laoghaire (then called Kingstown) in County Dublin. Deane studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, graduating in 1909. He played rugby for Ireland in one match, against England in February 1909. However, his rugby career was cut short after he broke his leg soon after in a game against Oxford University.
Deane became a surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin. He was then commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1911. In 1913, he was posted to India and served in Burma. He was sent to Meerut at the start of the First World War. He went to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force. They arrived in Marseilles in September 1914. He was then sent immediately to the Western Front. There he served first with the 20th Field Ambulance. Then he served as a medical officer of the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Leicestershire Regiment. His unit saw much active service. On 22 August 1915, he was awarded the Military Cross after running out under machine gun fire to rescue four men who had been wounded by artillery fire. A month later, his regiment participated in the Battle of Loos, and was almost entirely destroyed. He was shot dead after going to help some injured soldiers. His action earned him a mention in dispatches.

References

1887 births
1915 deaths
The first record to use the syllables "doo-wop" was the 1955 hit "When You Dance" by the Turbans. The term "doo-wop" first appeared in print in 1961. During the late 1950s many Italian-American groups added to the doo-wop scene. The peak of doo-wop was in 1961. Doo-wop's influence continued in soul, pop, and rock groups of the 1960s. At various times in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the genre has seen revivals. Doo-wop was a precursor to many of the afro-American musical styles seen today. An evolution of jazz and blues, doo-wop also influenced many of the major Rock and Roll groups that defined the later decades of the 20th century. Doo-wop is iconic for it’s swing-like beats and using the off-beat to keep time. Doo-wop laid the foundation for many musical innovations, for example, R&B.
 
It has had a revival recently as Meghan Trainor usually makes songs with in the genre.

References

Music genres
R&B music
Elder High School is a Catholic all-boys private high school in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.  The high school has been in existence for 90 years. It is a private high school within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. This high school is known for its academic and athletic programs. It has a strong following of students, alumni and friends who support the school at sports events. They also support community events and fundraising for capital and operating budgets.

References 

Schools in Ohio
Cincinnati
High schools in the United States
Guido Altarelli (July 12, 1941 - September 30, 2015) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was born in Rome, Italy. 

He held positions at New York University (1968–69), the Rockefeller University (New York, 1969–70),  l' École Normale Supérieure in Paris (76-77, 81) and Boston University (85-86).

Awards
 Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences
 2011 Julius Wess Award for Outstanding Achievements in Elementary Particle and Astroparticle Physics - The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
 2012 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics - The American Physical Society
 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize - EPS HEPP Prize, 2015.

References

Other websites
Scientific publications of Guido Altarelli on INSPIRE-HEP

1941 births
2015 deaths
Italian physicists
People from Rome
Lubomír Lipský (April 19, 1923 – October 2, 2015) was a Czech actor. He was known for his roles in Four Murders Are Enough, Darling, Grapes, and in Six Bears and a Clown.

He was born in Pelhřimov. His brother was director Oldřich Lipský. He died in Prague, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2015 deaths
Czech movie actors
Czech television actors
Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez (2 February 1937 – 2 October 2015) was a Panamanian politician and a member of the Republican Party. He served as the Vice President of Panama from 1984 until 28 September 1985. He then served as the President until 26 February 1988 under Manuel Noriega. He tried to overthrow Noriega but went into hiding and left the country.

Delvalle was born in Panama City. He was of Jewish ancestry. His uncle, Max Delvalle, was the first Jewish president in Latin America. He was married to Mariela Delvalle.

Delvalle died on 2 October 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. He was 78.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Jewish politicians
North American Jews
People from Panama City
Presidents (government)
Compurgation was an ancient type of defence in a legal trial. An accused person could call a number of people, usually twelve. They swore to their belief in his or her innocence.

In England, it was abolished in common law by the Constitutions of Clarendon of Henry II in 1164. The defence was still permitted in civil actions for debt. Eventually, it was entirely abolished in England in 1833.

References 

Trials
Justice Javed Iqbal (Urdu: ‎ 5 October 1924 – 3 October 2015) was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy.

Javed began his career as an advocate in Lahore High Court, and later became a judge in 1971 and then Chief Justice of the court. He was also a judge in the Supreme Court of Pakistan

Iqbal died while under treatment for cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital in Lahore, aged 90.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Cancer deaths in Pakistan
Pakistani judges
Pakistani philosophers
Tyrus Wong (; October 25, 1910 – December 30, 2016) was a Chinese-born American artist. 

He was a painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker. Wong has worked for Disney and Warner Brothers. Wong's most famous work was for the Disney animated classic, Bambi.

Other websites
A Profile of Tyrus Wong  by Rosalind Chang. Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation.
Tyrus Wong. Disney Legend Disney Insider.

1910 births
2016 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese artists
American artists
American centenarians
The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Responsibilities
The director is responsible for the day-to-day operations. Along with the deputy director, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of hiring the leaders in any one of the FBI field offices with qualified agents. The director advised the president on any issues that arose from within the FBI. This was until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted in response to the September 11 attacks.  Since then, the director reports to the Director of National Intelligence, who in turn reports to the president.