Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Leslie Herbert Wexner (born September 8, 1937) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the founder and chairman emeritus of L Brands (formerly Limited Brands). He retired in February 2020.

References

1937 births
Living people
American billionaires
American Jews
Philanthropists from Ohio
Businesspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Jewish billionaires
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish philanthropists
Ghislaine Noelle Marion Maxwell ( ; born 25 December 1961) is a British former socialite and convicted sex offender. She is known as a former associate of Jeffrey Epstein. In December 2021, she was convicted of sex trafficking of a minor and conspiracy and, in June 2022, she was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Early life 
Maxwell was born in Maisons-Laffitte, Yvelines, Île-de-France. She is the youngest child of a French mother (Elisabeth Maxwell) and Czech-born British publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell. She grew up in Oxford, England.  She has triple citizenship: American, British and French. She was a popular socialite in London in the 1980s.

Career
She moved to the United States after her father drowned in 1991, where she continued as a socialite.

Maxwell founded the ocean-advocacy group The TerraMar Project in 2012. The organization announced it was closing on 12 July 2019, a week after the sex trafficking charges brought by New York federal prosecutors against Epstein became public.
Epstein relationship

During the 1990s, Maxwell had a relationship with businessman and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. After the relationship ended, they continued their association as friends. Maxwell faced allegations of sexually trafficking underage girls for Epstein and others, charges she denied.

Sex trafficking trial and conviction 

On 27 December 2019, Reuters reported that Maxwell was among those under FBI investigation for helping Epstein. Since Epstein's arrest, Maxwell has been in hiding, communicating with the courts only through her lawyers.

On 12 March 2020, she filed a lawsuit in Superior Court in the U.S. Virgin Islands against Epstein's estate seeking compensation for her legal fees.

On 2 July 2020, Maxwell was arrested by the FBI in Bradford, New Hampshire.

In 2021, she was the defendant in a trial in the lower federal court system; On December 29, she was convicted on five counts related to the sex trafficking of a child and conspiracy.

In July 2022, she appealed the verdict.
She is in jail (as of 2023).

References

Other websites 
 

1961 births
Living people
American sex offenders
British businesspeople
British philanthropists
British sex offenders
English criminals
Jeffrey Epstein
People from Oxford
Socialites
Ian Robert Maxwell  (born Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch; 10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991), was a British media proprietor, Member of Parliament (MP), and fraudster. He was known for his publishing companies.

After his death, huge difference in numbers in his companies' finances were revealed, including his fraudulent actions on Mirror Group pension fund.

In 1991, his body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean, having fallen overboard from his yacht. He was buried in Jerusalem.

References

1923 births
1991 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning
British military personnel of World War II
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
British publishers
Labour Party (UK) MPs
"I Am a Tuvan", known in the Tuvan language as Men – Tıva Men ("Мен – Тыва Мен"), is the regional anthem of the Republic of Tuva, a federal subject of Russia located in south Siberia. It was composed by Olonbayar Gantomir with words by Bayantsagaan Oohiy. It was adopted officially by the Great Khural of Tuva on 11 August 2011 replacing the previous anthem Tooruktuğ Dolgay Tañdım.

Lyrics

Tuvan original

Poetic translations
As Tuva is part the Russian Federation, Russian is an official language of the republic.

References

Other websites
 Vocal version .

National symbols of Russia
Russian anthems
Russian music
Tuva
The male reproductive system is made up of a number of sex organs. It works in the process of human reproduction. Some organs are outside the body, some are in the pelvis.
The main male sex organs are the penis and the testicles, which produce sperm. During sexual intercourse the penis delivers the sperm into a woman's vagina. The sperm can fertilize the egg cell in the woman's womb. The fertilized egg will develop into a fetus, which is later born as a baby.

The matched system in women is the female reproductive system.

sex organs

Penis
The penis is an organ that is used for urination and sexual intercourse. The urethra is a passage that runs underside of the penis. The urine and the semen are released through the urethra. When the male becomes sexually aroused, the penis becomes hard and bigger and ready for sexual intercourse. This erection occurs because the erectile tissue of the penis is filled with blood.
Scrotum
The scrotum is a pouch-like structure that hangs behind the penis. It holds and protects the testicles. The function of the scrotum is to keep the testicles less warm than the rest of the body.

Testicles
Testicles are small ball-like organs. An adult testicle size is about 4 to 5 cm long. The testicles produce sperm cells from teenage years to old age. The sperm cells are produced in the seminiferous tubules, which are the main part of the testicles. After the sperms are produced, they are stored temporarily in the epididymis. The epididymis is covering the top of the testicle.

Testicles are also called the gonads and they are very important in sexual works. Leydig cells in the testicles product the testosterone. Testosterone cause puberty in boys and maintain the male characteristics for adult. If the testicles are removed, male characteristics are decreased.
Intestinal cells of Leydig: These cells are mainly used in the production of the testosterone which flows into the blood streams and establish the secondary individuality of a person.

These characteristics include the beards, breaking of voice (deep voice) heavy bones (masculinity), and a constricted pelvis that are in charge of producing offspring.

Seminal vesicle
The seminal vesicles are a pair of tube-like glands or small sac-like gland found behind the bladder. The seminal vesicle produces fluid that aids in keeping sperm alive after they are finally released and stores sperms until they are ejaculated.

Prostate gland
Prostate gland is located under the bladder. It produces a thick fluid which aids the protection and transportation of the sperms which are now referred to as the semen.
Infertility in Men - Male Reproductive Disorders 
Most causes of infertility in men is as a result of male reproductive system disorders. An abnormal penis may not be able to deliver the semen properly. In hypospadias or epispadias where the opening of the penis is in an abnormal position, male infertility is a possibility.

Other factors in male infertility 
Varicocele: This is a condition characterized by enlargement, elongation and coiling of the blood vessels around the scrotum. Most times, it appears as bag of warm in the scrotum. It is seen in 10% of normal males and 40% of males with infertility.

Drugs: Impotence in men has been found as side effects of some drugs like nitrofurantoin, antihypertensive drug particularly the sympatholytic ones, cimetidine, cancer drugs etc.

Irradiation like X-ray, GSM etc. triggers release of free radicals and can directly halt the Spermatogenesis (process of sperm formation). This is the reason behind covering the scrotum (Testes) during X-ray.
Autoimmune Antibodies: It has been found that some people have antibodies (defense chemicals) against their own sperm cells. By this interaction, the antibodies destroy the sperm cells leading to Azoospermia, oligospermia or normospermia depending on the degree of damage. This condition can be treated if diagnosed.

Liver disease: The liver is a vital organ which ensures that the male hormone (testosterone) dominates in action than female hormone, oestrogen. This it does by breaking down the oestrogen continually. However in a case of liver disease which may impair liver functions, the level of female hormone, oestrogen, increases leading to male characteristics, loss of pubic hair and impotence.
The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant () is a 1972 West German drama movie directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and based on his own play. It stars Margit Carstensen, Irm Hermann, Hanna Schygulla, Eva Mattes, Gisela Fackeldey and was distributed by New Yorker Films.

Other websites
 
 
 

1972 drama movies
1970s LGBT movies
German drama movies
German LGBT movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder
German-language movies
Tangerines ( Mandarinebi, ) is a 2013 Estonian Georgian movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Lembit Ulfsak, Giorgi Nakashidze, Elmo Nüganen, Mikheil Meskhi. It was distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015.

Other websites
 
 

2013 movies
2010s war movies
Estonian movies
Georgian movies
Movies directed by Zaza Urushadze
Movies set in Georgia (country)‏‎
Here Comes the Down is a 1998 Georgian drama movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Zura Begalishvili, Nino Koberidze. It was distributed Qartuli Pilmi.

Other websites
 

1998 drama movies
Georgian movies
Movies directed by Zaza Urushadze
Noored kotkad, also known as Young Eagles, is a 1927 Estonian adventure movie directed by Theodor Luts and starring Ruut Tarmo, Amalie Konsa, Aksella Luts. It was distributed by Taska Film.

Other websites
 

1927 movies
Estonian movies
1920s adventure movies
Silent movies
Wolfram Mathematica (usually called Mathematica) is a modern technical computing system made by Wolfram Research.

Features
Today, Wolfram Mathematica is used for the following purposes: 

 Computer science
 Data science
 Deep learning
 Geometry
 Interval arithmetic
 Machine learning
 Numerical analysis
 Numerical linear algebra
 Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
 Numerical methods for partial differential equations
 Neural network
 Optimization

This system is made with the Wolfram Language (programming language named after Stephen Wolfram).

Version history
Since 1988, Wolfram Research has released the following versions of Wolfram Mathematica:
1.0 – June 23, 1988
 1.1 – October 31, 1988
 1.2 – August 1, 1989
 2.0 – January 15, 1991
 2.1 – June 15, 1992
 2.2 – June 1, 1993
 3.0 – September 3, 1996
 4.0 – May 19, 1999
 4.1 – November 2, 2000
 4.2 – November 1, 2002
 5.0 – June 12, 2003
 5.1 – October 25, 2004
 5.2 – June 20, 2005
 6.0 – May 1, 2007
 7.0 – November 18, 2008
 8.0 – November 15, 2010
 9.0 – November 28, 2012
 10.0 – July 9, 2014
 10.1 – March 30, 2015
 10.2 – July 14, 2015
 10.3 – October 15, 2015
 10.4 – March 2, 2016
 11.0.0 – August 8, 2016
 11.0.1 – September 28, 2016
 11.1 – March 16, 2017
 11.1.1 – April 25, 2017
 11.2 – September 14, 2017
 11.3 – March 8, 2018
 12.0 – April 16, 2019
 12.1 - March 18, 2020

References

Other websites
Other websites

Mathematica Documentation Center
Wolfram Open Cloud  limited free access to Mathematica via a web browser
Image identification  website powered by Mathematica
Wolfram Demonstrations Project Mathematica based demonstrations
A little bit of Mathematica history documenting the growth of code base and number of functions over time
Wolfram Screencast & Video Gallery: Hands-on Start to Mathematica

Mathematics
Technology
Computer science
Software
Microsoft Windows software
Linux software
Pay Me! is a 1917 American drama movie directed by Joe De Grasse and starring Lon Chaney, Sr., William Clifford, Dorothy Phillips, Claire Du Brey, Evelyn Selbie. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites

1917 drama movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Universal Pictures movies
When Lincoln Paid is a 1913 American drama movie directed by Francis Ford (who also stars) and starring Jack Conway, Ethel Grandin, Charles Edler. It was distributed by Mutual Film.

Other websites

1913 movies
1910s war movies
1910s drama movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Francis Ford
Movies set in the 1860s
Seven Sinners is a 1925 American mystery comedy movie directed by first time director Lewis Milestone and starring Clive Brook, Marie Prevost, Heinie Conklin, Claude Gillingwater. It was distributed by Warner Bros..

Other websites
 
 

1925 comedy movies
1920s mystery movies
American mystery movies
American comedy movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Warner Bros. movies
Patrick F. "Pat" Kilbane (born November 5, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, and screenwriter. He is best known for his three seasons as a cast member on MADtv (1997–2000), as well his memorable appearance in the 1996 "The Bizarro Jerry" episode of Seinfeld, in which he played Bizarro Kramer. Kilbane's first book, The Brain Eater's Bible: Sound Advice for the Newly Reanimated Zombie, was released on March 18, 2011. He was born in Lakewood, Ohio.

Other websites 
 Official website
 

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Ohio
People from Lakewood, Ohio
Barrow Wake is a scenic view in Gloucestershire, near Birdlip, England.

It is a beautiful area.  It has been, however, subject to reports of particular anti-social use.

Barrow Wake was as the location for the music video "Wytches" by Pagan Rock Band Inkubus Sukkubus in December 1993.

Inkubus Sukkubus also released an album titled "Barrow Wake - Tales of Witchcraft & Wonder Volume 1", The Album features the title track "Barrow Wake", which is written about Barrow Wake.

References

Geography of Gloucestershire
Quest For Fire () is a 1981 Canadian French adventure movie directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and starring Ron Perlman, Everett McGill, Rae Down Chong, Nameer El-Kadi. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and won an Academy Award in 1983.

Other websites
 
 

1981 adventure movies
1980s epic movies
Canadian adventure movies
French adventure movies
Movies directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in Africa
Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), also called the Atlantic ridley sea turtle. is the rarest species of sea turtle and is critically endangered. 

It is one of two living species in the genus Lepidochelys (the other one being L. olivacea, the olive ridley sea turtle).

References 

Turtles
Oryukdo is an archipelago that is  southeast of the Uam Peninsula in Busan, South Korea. It is one of the symbols of Busan. 

In the order close to the land, there are six islands: Shield Island, Pine tree Island, Suri Island, Awl Island, Oyster Island, and Lighthouse Island. In the past, Shield Island and Pine tree Island, which were connected to Haesik Island, were collectively called Usakdo Island, but in 2011, they were organized under the name of the uninhabited island.

Archipelagos
Islands of South Korea
Busan
Robert Stanley Weir was the Canadian author of the Canadian Anthem, O Canada.

1856 births
1926 deaths
Writers from Montreal
Anan Ameri  is an American museum director and writer. She won a Palestine Book Award. The Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services named her 2020 Arab American of the Year. In 2005, The Detroit News named her Michiganian of the Year.

Life 
She was born in Damascus. She studied at Wayne State University.

She was founding Director of the Palestine Aid Society of America. She was founding director of the Arab American National Museum.

Works 
 The Scent of Jasmine Interlink Books. May 2017.

References 

Living people
Writers from Washington, D.C.
People from Damascus
1944 births
Cairo University alumni
Term limits in the United States refers to the limits imposed on the amount of time an official may serve in a particular position.

Gubernatorial Term limits 
The state of Virginia does not allow governors to serve consecutive terms, though the total amount of time as governor has no limit.

In New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin the governor can serve for an unlimited amount of time with no restriction of any kind.

In Arkansas, California, Delaware, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, and Oklahoma, the governor is limited to two terms in total (consecutive or nonconsecutive).
Governors in the following states cannot serve more than 2 consecutive terms at a time: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

In Indiana and Oregon, the governor cannot serve more than 8 out of any 12 years.

In Montana and Wyoming, the governor cannot serve more than 8 out any 16 years.

References 

Politics of the United States
This is about the 2006 game. For the original game, check Sonic the Hedgehog (video game). For the movie, check Sonic the Hedgehog (movie). For the character, check Sonic the Hedgehog (character).

Sonic the Hedgehog is a 3D platform video game. It was released in 2006 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Since it is similarly name to the original 16-bit game, it is commonly said as Sonic '06.

Reception
The game is considered one of the worst Sonic the Hedgehog games of all time. It is notorious for glitches and long loading times.

2006 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Xbox 360 games
Charles Wayland Bryan (1867-1945, D-NE) was a relative of Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan and was the governor of Nebraska. He was also nominated by the Democratic Party to serve as the vice-presidential nominee in 1924.

1867 births
1945 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American Baptists
Democrats (United States)
Governors of Nebraska
University of Chicago alumni
Quetzaltenango is a department in Guatemala. The capital is the city of Quetzaltenango.

Municipalities 
 Almolonga
 Cabricán 
 Cajolá
 Cantel
 Coatepeque
 Colomba
 Concepción Chiquirichapa
 El Palmar
 Flores Costa Cuca
 Génova
 Huitán 
 La Esperanza 
 Olintepeque
 Palestina de Los Altos 
 Quetzaltenango
 Salcajá
 San Carlos Sija
 San Francisco La Unión
 San Juan Ostuncalco
 San Martín Sacatepéquez
 San Mateo
 San Miguel Sigüilá
 Sibilia
 Zunil

Departments of Guatemala
Retalhuleu is a department in Guatemala. The capital is the city of Retalhuleu.

Municipalities 
 Champerico
 El Asintal
 Nuevo San Carlos
 Retalhuleu
 San Andrés Villa Seca
 San Felipe
 San Martín Zapotitlán
 San Sebastián
 Santa Cruz Muluá

Departments of Guatemala
Robert Knight "Bob" Andras  (21 February 1921 – 17 November 1982) was a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada from 1965 to 1980. He was a part of the Liberal Party during this time. He represented two electoral areas in Ontario. They were Port Arthur and Thunder Bay—Nipigon. Andras was from Lachine, Quebec. He moved to Port Arthur, Ontario to work in a car dealership.
One of the most important things Andras did was help the Immigration Act, 1976 become a law. This was when he was the Minister of Manpower and Immigration. The law replaced the Immigration Act of 1952. The law made sure that there was a minimum amount of immigrants Canada let in, and that immigrants would be let in without discriminating on their ethnicity, gender, or country they came from. Andras also tried to work with Jean Chrétien to help with making public policy of the First Nations people.

Andras died on 17 November 1982 in Vancouver, British Columbia. This is after he fought cancer for a year.

References

Other websites
 

1921 births
1982 deaths
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Cancer deaths in British Columbia
Politicians from Ontario
Stephen F. Austin High School is a high school in Sugar Land, Texas.

1990s establishments in Texas
1995 establishments in the United States
Schools in Texas
Sacatepéquez is a department in Guatemala. The capital is Antigua Guatemala.

Municipalities 
 Alotenango
 Antigua Guatemala
 Ciudad Vieja
 Jocotenango
 Magdalena Milpas Altas
 Pastores
 San Antonio Aguas Calientes
 San Bartolomé Milpas Altas
 San Lucas Sacatepéquez
 San Miguel Dueñas
 Santiago Sacatepéquez
 Santa Catarina Barahona
 Santa Lucía Milpas Altas
 Santa María de Jesús
 Santo Domingo Xenacoj
 Sumpango

Departments of Guatemala
Santa Rosa is a department in Guatemala. The capital is Cuilapa.

Municipalities 
 Barberena
 Casillas
 Chiquimulilla
 Cuilapa
 Guazacapán
 Nueva Santa Rosa
 Oratorio
 Pueblo Nuevo Viñas
 San Juan Tecuaco
 San Rafael Las Flores
 Santa Cruz Naranjo
 Santa María Ixhuatán
 Santa Rosa de Lima
 Taxisco

Departments of Guatemala
Emanuel County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 22,768 people lived there. The county seat is Swainsboro.

References

1810s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1812 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Aberdeen is a city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Monroe County.

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Ackerman is a town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Choctaw County.

Towns in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Ashland is a town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Benton County.

Towns in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Pirates is a 1986 French-Tunisian adventure comedy movie directed by Roman Polanski and starring Walter Matthau, Charlotte Lewis, Roy Kinnear, Roger Ashton-Griffiths, Damien Thomas, Olu Jacobs, Ferdy Mayne. It was distributed by Cannon Films and was a box office bomb. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1987.

Other websites
 
 

1986 comedy movies
1986 adventure movies
French comedy movies
French adventure movies
Tunisian movies
Pirate movies
Movies directed by Roman Polanski
Movies set in the 17th century
Movies set in Malta
Movies set in Tunisia
Heidenlöcher is a 1986 Austrian–West German drama movie directed by Wolfram Paulus. It starring Albert Paulus, Rolf Zacher, Florian Pircher, Helmut Vogel, Matthias Aichhorn.

References

Other websites

1986 drama movies
Austrian drama movies
German drama movies
Movies directed by Wolfram Paulus
Elizabeth Fitzgerald Stemke  (born July 15, 1980)  is an American volleyball player and coach.
She was a member of the United States women's national volleyball team. 
She participated at the 2002 Women's Volleyball World Championships and 2003 Pan-American Games.

Life 
She graduated from University of Wisconsin. She coached for University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

References 

1980 births
Living people
American volleyball players
American volleyball coaches
Hugh Quay Parmer (August 3, 1939 – May 27, 2020) was an American lawyer, businessman and Democratic politician. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965. He was later a member of the Texas Senate from 1983 to 1991. Between 1977 to 1979, he was Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas.

Parmer died in Fort Worth on May 27, 2020 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Fort Worth
Mayors of Fort Worth
Humanitarians
Businesspeople from Fort Worth, Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
The George Floyd protests were a series of protests and riots that started in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, United States. Unrest began in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, after the murder of George Floyd and continued until early 2022. Floyd died while being arrested by officers of the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) on May 25. Protests spread to many cities in the United States, and later the world.

Some of the protesters at the MPD's Third Precinct fought with law enforcement officers, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets. Additionally, the Third Precinct's windows were smashed. A supermarket was looted, and other buildings were attacked and set on fire. At least thirteen people were killed so because of the protests, but overall, most protests were peaceful. According to a September 2020 report by the U.S. Crisis Monitor, almost 95% of all protests were nonviolent.
On May 28, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey declared a state of emergency, and Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz called in 500 Minnesota National Guard troops. More businesses across the Twin Cities were damaged and looted. 

MPD in the Third Precinct building attempted to hold off the protesters with tear gas, but around 11:00 pm, protesters overran the building and set it on fire. It had been evacuated. 

Both Walz and Frey added curfews. Former U.S. President Donald Trump assured Walz of U.S. military support.

The activist group Black Lives Matter is involved in the protests. They do not have one leader or one organization.

There were many attacks on journalists, both in the Twin Cities and at sister protests.

Background
Background

The George Floyd protests took place in the spring and early summer of 2020, shortly after the number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 in the United States reached 100,000.  The COVID-19 pandemic had already affected black and other non-white Americans more than white Americans.  Experts said that the protesters might spread the virus to each other.

Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo said on Saturday, May 30: "You have a right to demonstrate. You have the right to protest. God bless America.  You don't have a right to infect other people. You don't have a right to act in a way that's going to jeopardize public health. ...  You can have an opinion but there are also facts, and you're wrong not to wear a mask."
Some experts said the COVID-19 pandemic helped cause the George Floyd protests and made them larger. Scholar Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith of the Yale School of Medicine said, "They are protesting against police brutality and excessive force, no question, but they're also protesting for the ability to live their lives fully and completely, and to not have their lives cut short, either by force or preventable diseases."

Experts thought that the George Floyd protests would cause more people to catch COVID-19. In the United States, however, that did not happen as of July 1. Scientists said this could have been because the number of cases in large cities like New York was already going down, because the protests took place outside, because the protesters mostly wore masks, or because the protesters usually kept moving by walking or marching. Other experts said that because most of the protesters were young, healthy adults, perhaps they did catch COVID-19 and had not noticed.
Protests
There were sister protests in all 50 of the United States and in the capital, Washington, D.C. Some of the protests were peaceful and others had violence and looting. The National Guard moved out into more than 25 of the nation's 50 states.

Many early protests were peaceful while some later turned violent. In some places, police remained calm, and in others they used force, tear gas, and rubber bullets. In Washington, D.C. one man let more than 50 protesters come into his house so they could escape from the police who were chasing them. Two weeks into the protests, 9300 people had been arrested in the United States, including 1500 in New York and 2700 in Los Angeles.
In Newark, New Jersey, 12,000 people protested over the weekend of May 31. No one damaged any stores and no one was arrested. The Newark Community Street Team, formed in 2014, worked to prevent violence. Newark city leaders said that the young black Americans among the protesters were the reason the protest stayed peaceful. Camden, New Jersey and Flint, Michigan also had peaceful protests.

Protesters outside the White House, the building in Washington, D.C. where the president lives, called for Trump to resign. Some threw bottles. The United States Secret Service took Trump to a bunker in the White House.  On Monday, June 1, the Secret Service used tear gas on peaceful protesters outside the White House so President Donald Trump could walk to St. John's Church and have his picture taken with a Bible.
On the weekend of June 6-7, protests in the United States were even bigger but mostly peaceful, according to The New York Times, and the protesters were more unified in what they wanted: police reform. There were tens of thousands of protesters in large cities like New York and Seattle and also protests in smaller towns like Marion, Ohio and Vidor, Texas. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Sunday morning that New York City was stopping its 8:00 p.m. curfew.

The activist group Black Lives Matter sued the police department of Seattle, Washington on Tuesday June 9. That evening, protesters took over Seattle's city hall for about one hour. The protesters left city hall on their own (no one pushed them out). Protesters took over part of downtown Seattle, calling it the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. At some point in June, there were four shootings in the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. On July 1, city officials sent the police to clear the protesters out. They arrested 13 people.
The Georgia NAACP planned a March on Georgia for June 15. Thousands of people marched to the Georgia state capitol building to stop police brutality.  The marchers also said they were marching because Georgia had made it harder for black people to vote by closing so many voting places that the ones that were left had very long lines, because they think Georgia's citizens' arrest laws are unfair, and because of the killings Rayshard Brooks, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery.
In New York City, a group called Street Riders NYC organized bicycle riders to ride through the city chanting "Whose streets? Our streets!" "Say his name: George Floyd," and other slogans.  Bicycle protests could have thousands of people, often riding through parts of the city where protesters do not usually go.  One of Street Riders NYC's founders, Peter Kerre, told the New York Times, "We went deep, deep into the hood, places where these folks have never seen a march come through, and suddenly they're seeing 6,000 bikes. The reaction was just priceless, folks crying out with gratitude, coming out to say 'Thank you.'"

In late June, protesters came to City Hall Park in New York City and built a camp there with a welcome desk, library, tea hut, and kitchens.  They were led by the group Vocal-NY. They demanded that the city remove US$1 billion from the city's police department's $6 billion budget and spend it on education and other things.  New York City decides on its yearly budget on July 1.
Journalists
As of June 4, journalists covering the protests were attacked more than 300 times, 192 of them by the police, including 69 physical attacks.  49 journalists were arrested.

On the morning of May 28, white Minneapolis police officers arrested Omar Jimenez, a reporter for CNN, and his crew while they were filming the protests. Jiminez is black. He told the officers that he and his crew were journalists and offered to move further away, but the officers arrested them anyway. They were released later that day. Walz apologized to CNN, and said publicly that Jiminez and his crew had only been doing their jobs and acting within their rights. A white CNN reporter who had been working a block away from Jiminez noted that he had not been bothered by the police, only asked who he was.

In Minneapolis alone, several people were injured. In Washington, D.C., Amelia Brace and Tim Myers of 7News Australia were with the protesters who were pushed away so Donald Trump could walk to St. John's Church.
Sometimes protesters attacked journalists. In Washington D.C., protesters threw things at journalists from Fox News. In Atlanta, someone attacked CNN headquarters.

Suzanne Nossel of the human rights group PEN America blamed President Trump, who has said bad things about journalists since before he was elected.  Human rights lawyer Tendai Biti said it reminded him of dictatorships in Africa.

Violence
According to a report written by the U.S. Crisis Monitor, Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), and the Bridging Divides Initiative of Princeton University, almost 95% of the protests were peaceful.  They studied 10,600 protests between late May and late August and found that 10,100 had no violence.  Only 570 protests had any violent acts.  In cities where some protests were violent, it tended to happen in one or a few places and not through the whole city.  Out of all protests connected to Black Lives Matter, 93% had no violence.
International protests
There were also protests outside the United States, in London, Toronto, Beijing, Berlin, Addis Ababa, and other places.  Some of these international protesters said they wanted to support George Floyd but also bring attention to the racist actions by police in their own countries.  In Toronto, protesters remembered the death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet, a black woman who fell out of her balcony when the police were in her apartment.  Londoners protested outside the Grenfell Tower where many blacks and Arabs died in a fire.  Parisians remembered Adama Traoré, who died after being arrested by French police.  Australians planned protests remembering David Dungay, an Australian Aboriginal man who died after being arrested.  Dungay also said "I can't breathe," twelve times.  Some protesters have told their own leaders that they want new laws against racism.
Impostors
At least one white supremacist group, Identity Evropa, pretended to be on the protesters' side on Twitter.  They said they were part of antifa and told protesters to loot white neighborhoods. They were caught, and Twitter took their posts down for breaking their rules about violence, spam, and fake accounts.

Car collisions
As of the first week of July, drivers drove cars into groups of protesters 66 different times in the United States alone.  Seven of the drivers were police.  At least two people died.  24 drivers have been charged with crimes.

Arrests by federal agents 
In mid-July in Portland, Oregon, federal agents began arresting protesters by pulling them into vehicles that did not have police markings on them. They did not tell the protesters exactly why they were being arrested.  Some protesters were later charged with crimes and others were released.
These agents were from the federal government.  Some of them were from Special Operations Group and Customs and Border Protection’s BORTAC.  Legally, federal agents are only allowed to arrest people on suspicion of federal crimes.  Officially, they are only supposed to protect property that belongs to the U.S. federal government, but they have arrested people who were not near federal property.  They did not ask the State of Oregon or the City of Portland for permission to arrest people in Portland.  The mayor of Portland, Ted Wheeler, said he did not want the federal agents in the city.  Governor of Oregon Kate Brown said it was "political theater from President Trump has nothing to do with public safety" and "a blatant abuse of power by the federal government."
On July 18, Navy Seabee veteran Christopher David heard about the arrests and went to downtown Portland to talk to the agents.  Federal agents take an oath to defend the United States Constitution.  David wanted to ask the agents how they could wrongly arrest people and defend the Constitution.  Instead of answering him, they sprayed him with pepper spray and hit him with batons.  They broke his leg.  The event was caught on video.

On the night of July 22-23, protesters in Portland came to a federal building and threw fireworks over the fence.  Federal agents used tear gas on the crowd.  They also tear-gassed Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler, who had come out to talk to the protesters.
Other events
In Brooklyn, New York, video showed an officer pushing a seventy-year-old man.  The man fell down and bled from his head.  Both were white.  The officer, Vincent D'Andraia, had also hurt other protesters.  He was suspended and charged with assault.  D'Andraia was the first New York City police officer charged with a crime because of things he did during the George Floyd protests.

In Seattle, Washington, 31 year old Nikolas Fernandez drove his car into a group of protesters and shot a man.  He said he was afraid for his life because the protesters tried to grab him through his window. Firefighters took the injured man to the hospital.

In Richmond, Virginia on Sunday, June 7, 36 year old Harry H. Rogers drove his car into a group of protesters.  Rogers is a member of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist group.  Authorities charged Rogers with attempted malicious wounding, felony vandalism, and assault and battery and the prosecutor said she would consider charging him with a hate crime.
In Chicago, Illinois on Monday, August 10, people broke windows and stole things in the Magnificent Mile, which is Chicago's main shopping area.  Many people were injured.  More than 100 people were arrested.  The city raised the bridges leading to the Magnificent Mile and stopped public transit so no one else could go in.  Mayor of Chicago Lori Lightfoot said that Chicago did not need Federal agents.

Donations
People donated money to black-led political groups, especially bail funds.  Bail funds provide money to help people who have been arrested get out of jail before their trials.  The National Bail Fund Network got $75 million in two weeks.  The Minnesota Freedom Fund got $20 million in four days.  The Bail Project got more than $15 million.  There was so much that some groups could not count it all.  Black Lives Matter got $5 million from one petition alone.  Some groups received so much money that they did not need more and told donors to go to other groups.

Deaths
As of June 9, 2020, nineteen people have died because of the protests:
 On May 27 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Calvin Horton Jr. was killed during a protest. A local shopowner was arrested, and police said that the suspect had fired his gun after he saw lootings.
 On May 29 in Detroit, Michigan, a man was killed near to the protests.
 On May 30 in Oakland, California, a Federal Protective Service officer, David Patrick Underwood, was killed outside a federal courthouse in a drive-by attack. Another guard was also injured. The Department of Homeland Security has labeled the shooting an act of domestic terrorism. The FBI has not yet identified a motive or a suspect.
 On May 30 in St. Louis, Missouri, a man died after being hit by a FedEx truck that was driving away from rioters.
 On May 30 in Omaha, Nebraska, protester James Scurlock was killed outside of a bar. The suspect of the shooting is the owner of the bar.
On May 30 in Chicago, Illinois, a man was killed and five others were injured in from many different events near protesters.
 On May 31 in Indianapolis, Indiana, two people were killed near to protests.
 On June 1 in Louisville, Kentucky, a man was killed when the Louisville Metro Police and the Kentucky National Guard started shooting at the crowd. These authorities said that they returned fire after shots were fired at them. However, the man killed was not taking part in protests. An investigation for the death is ongoing.
On June 1 in Davenport, Iowa, two people were killed on a night with a lot of rioting. One police officer was also injured in a shooting.
On June 2 in St. Louis, Missouri, a police captain was killed after he tried to protect looters who stole television sets from a pawn shop.
Public opinion
According to Pew Research, two thirds of American adults thought the protests were good: 60% of white adults, 86% of black adults, 75% of Asian adults and 77% of Hispanic adults.

Some said the Floyd protests showed America was losing its place as a leader of other countries.  French journalist Pierre Haski said on June 1, "Beijing could not have hoped for a better gift. The country that designates China as the culprit of all evils is making headlines around the world with the urban riots."

Government response

Reaction from Tim Walz
Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz wanted change: "It is time to rebuild. Rebuild the city, rebuild our justice system, and rebuild the relationship between law enforcement and those they're charged to protect. George Floyd's death should lead to justice and systemic change, not more death and destruction."
On June 2, 2020, Governor Walz said the Minnesota Department of Human Rights would investigate the Minneapolis Police Department.  Governor Walz said, "The investigation will review MPD's policies, procedures and practices over the last 10 years to determine if the department has utilized systemic discriminatory practices towards people of color."

Human Rights Commissioner Rebecca Lucero said the Department could have the results of its report in "several months."

Reaction from Donald Trump
President Donald Trump spoke about his sympathy for George Floyd and his family, but also called the protesters "thugs" and said "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Twitter hid the post because it broke their rules about presenting violence as good. Trump blamed the protests on  "weak" Democratic mayors and governors and on the anti-fascist movement antifa, saying he would declare it a terrorist organization.

Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina, a black Republican, called Trump's tweets "not constructive."
On June 1, Trump told the cities and states with protests that they must stop the trouble or else he would send the military to do it.  The law that allows Trump to do this, the Insurrection Act of 1807, was last used in 1992 for the Rodney King riots in Los Angeles.
Also on June 1, just before 7:00 p.m., when people had been ordered to stay off the street, police and Secret Service fired flash-bangs and tear gas at protesters near the White House.  They did this to make the protesters leave St. John's Church.  Then President Trump walked to St. John's Church, held up a Bible, and had his picture taken.  Bishop Mariann E. Budde, the Episcopal religious leader for Washington D.C., said Trump did not say any prayers or talk about George Floyd.  The next day, several Democrats and two Republicans said Trump was wrong to do this. Nebraska Senator Ben Sasse, a Republican, said. "But there is a fundamental — a constitutional — right to protest, and I'm against clearing out a peaceful protest for a photo op that treats the word of God as a political prop."

Reaction from the city of Minneapolis
Officials from the Minneapolis announced on June 5 that the police were no longer allowed to use chokeholds on people.  On June 7, the city council voted to take apart the police department and replace it with something else.

Reaction from the state of Minnesota
The Minnesota state legislature attempted to write a new law that would redesign all police departments in Minnesota.  In 2020, Minnesota's state legislature is the only one in the United States in which one political party controls one house and the other party controls the other.  The United States Democratic Party has the majority of people in the Minnesota House of Representatives and the United States Republican Party has the majority of people in the Minnesota State Senate.  The Democrats wanted large changes to policing and the criminal justice system in Minnesota, like letting the state attorney general investigate police killings and restoring voting rights to felons.  The Republicans wanted small changes, like making a rule against using chokeholds like the one Chauvin used to kill George Floyd.  Democrats said they did not like the Republican plan because it was mostly things that police departments had already tried.  At midnight on Friday June 19, the Minnesota state legislature ran out of time
.  Their session ended, and neither plan became law.
Other reactions

Many American cities and states removed statues of Confederate soldiers and officers during the George Floyd protests.  Sometimes the protesters pulled the statues down and sometimes the city councils decided to remove them.  On June 5, the United States Marine Corps announced they would not allow Confederate flags at their bases. The Confederates were the pro-slavery side of the American Civil War in the 1800s.  According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, Confederate statues and flags support white supremacy. Protesters also damaged or pulled down statues of Christopher Columbus in at least seven cities, including Miami, Boston, Baltimore, Maryland, Richmond, Virginia and Columbus, Ohio.
Universities renamed buildings.  Columbia University's medical school was founded by Samuel Bard, a doctor who knew George Washington.  He also owned slaves.  In 1931, Columbia named a dormitory building, Bard Hall, after him.  Columbia's Teacher's College took the name Edward L. Thorndike off a building.  Thorndike had hated Jews and supported sexism and eugenics. Princeton University renamed Wilson College because the man it was named after, President Woodrow Wilson, had racist policies.

In June, the United States Senate ordered the military to change the names of all military bases named after Confederates, such as Fort Bragg.  They have three years to pick new names.
In Bristol, England on the 7th of June, a crowd pushed down a statue of slave trader Edward Colston and threw it in the harbor. On July 15, people put up a statue of Jen Ried, a Black Lives Matter protester. The next day, the government of the city took the statue down because no one had asked for permission to put it up.  The city officials took the statue to a museum.  The statue is called "A Surge of Power (Jen Reid)" and was made by Marc Quinn.

Notes

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Yogesh Gaur, commonly credited as Yogesh, (March 19, 1943 – May 29, 2020) was an Indian writer and lyricist. He worked in Bollywood and was best known for composing the music scores for Anand. 

Yogesh died on May 29, 2020 in Mumbai at the age of 77.

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 Interview of Yogesh Screen''

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Ernest W. Gibson III (September 23, 1927 – May 17, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. Gibson was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1961 to 1963. He was an Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1983 to 1997. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Gibson was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. His father was Governor Ernest W. Gibson Jr.. His grandfather was United States Senator Ernest Willard Gibson. 

Gibson died at his home in Northfield, Vermont on May 17, 2020 at the age of 92.

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Northfield is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. It has the village of Northfield, where over half of the population lives. The town's total population was 6,207 at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in Vermont
Northfield is a village in the town of Northfield in Washington County, Vermont, United States.  The population was 2,101 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in Vermont
Ernest William Gibson Jr. (March 6, 1901 – November 4, 1969) was an American politician, lawyer and judge. From 1940 to 1941, he was made United States Senator after the death of his father Ernest Willard Gibson. From 1947 to 1950, he was Governor of Vermont. In 1949, President Harry S. Truman made him Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.

Gibson died in Brattleboro, Vermont on November 4, 1969 at the age of 68.

References

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