Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Vredefort crater's age is about two billion (109) years old, which puts it in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It is the second-oldest known crater on Earth, a little less than 300 million years younger than the Suavjärvi crater in Russia. In comparison, it is about 10% older than the Sudbury Basin impact (at 1.849 billion years).

It was originally thought that the crater was formed by a volcanic explosion, but in the mid 1990s evidence showed that it was the site of a huge bolide impact. Telltale shatter cones were discovered in the bed of the nearby Vaal River. 

The Vredefort crater site is one of the few multi-ringed impact craters on Earth, although they are more common elsewhere in the Solar System. Perhaps the best-known example is Valhalla crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, although Earth's Moon has a number as well. Geological processes, such as erosion and plate tectonics, have removed most multi-ring craters on Earth.
The nearby Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) and Witwatersrand Basin were created during this same period, leading to speculation that the bolide was big and fast enough to cause local volcanism. The BIC is where most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) are found, while the Witwatersrand basin holds most of the known reserves of gold.

The Vredefort dome in the center of the crater is home to three towns: Parys, Vredefort and Koppies.

References 

World Heritage Sites in South Africa
Impact craters
Free State (province)
The Chinese crested dog is a hairless dog breed. The breed probably did not actually come from China. It is the most common hairless dog breed. However, some of them do have fur. Other hairless dog breeds are the American Hairless Terrier, Mexican Hairless Dog, Peruvian Hairless Dog, and Hairless Khala. Hairless Chinese cresteds often win the World's Ugliest Dog Contest, which takes place every year in Petaluma, California.

The Chinese crested is a friendly, intelligent animal.

References

Dog breeds originating in China
FCI breeds
The University of Andorra () is a public school of higher education.  It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.

References

Colleges and universities in Europe
1997 establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Andorra
Telephone numbers in Andorra are six digits, with fixed line numbers beginning with the digits 8 and 7 and mobile telephone numbers with the digits 3, 4 and 6.

Until 17 December 1994, Andorra was part of the French numbering plan, with the prefix 0628. Since 1994, Andorra has its own country code +376. 

Country Code: +376
International Call Prefix: 00
Trunk Prefix: none

Telephone numbers
Andorra
References

GDP (PPP) per capita
Countries by Nominal GDP 2022 Estimates gdp

References

nominal
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population.

Therefore, these figures should be used with caution. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living; however, this is problematic because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income.
Comparisons of national income are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (See List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.

Non-sovereign entities (the world, continents, and some dependent territories) and states with limited international recognition (such as Kosovo, Palestine and Taiwan) are included in the list in cases in which they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison. In addition, non-sovereign entities are marked in italics.
Note that many of leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions, such as Ireland, are tax haven's. Their GDP data are subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals. To address this, in 2017 the Central Bank of Ireland created "Modified gross national income|modified GNI" (or GNI*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the OECD and IMF have adopted it for Ireland.

All data are in current United States dollars.

Table 
The table initially ranks each country or territory with their latest available estimates, and can be reranked by either of the sources

* Nearly all country links in the table take to articles titled "Income in country or territory" or to "Economy of country or territory".

Note: Data unavailable for the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, the Holy See (Vatican City), the Isle of Man, Jersey, Niue, the Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Tokelau, the United States Virgin Islands, and Western Sahara.
Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens
Many of leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions are tax haven's whose economic data is artificially inflated by tax-driven corporate accounting entries.

For instance, the Irish GDP data above is subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals in Ireland. To address this, in 2017 the Central Bank of Ireland created "Modified gross national income|modified GNI" (or GNI*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the OECD and IMF have adopted it for Ireland. 2015 Irish GDP is 143% of 2015 Irish GNI*.

Further discussion on this topic can be found in the List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita article.

Related pages
 List of countries by GDP (nominal)
 List of IMF ranked countries by GDP, IMF ranked GDP (nominal), GDP (nominal) per capita, GDP (PPP), GDP (PPP) per capita, Population, and PPP
 List of countries by average wage
 List of countries by external debt

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites
 Chart of GDP per capita at current US$ prices by Google, World Bank data
 World Map and Chart of GDP per capita at current prices by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data

 GDP (nominal) per capita
Varicose veins are a condition in which the veins in the leg area have become enlarged. If veins have become varicose, the leaflets of the valves do not work properly, and in turn, the vein valves themselves won't work. The blood then flows backwards, at which point the veins then start to increase. This condition is most common in superficial veins which involve the legs. The condition not only causes cosmetic troubles, it also creates itching and painful problems.

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
The Emblem of Angola is the national emblem. It shows the recent past of the new nation.  There are Marxist pictures.

In the center is a machete and hoe.  These show the revolution through which the nation gained independence, and the importance of agricultural workers.  Above both emblems is a red star.  The red star is often in many socialist images.  The rising sun is the normal symbol of a new beginning.  The half cog-wheel is for the industrial workers.  The half vine of coffee and cotton leaves is for the coffee and cotton industry.

At the bottom is an open book that is for education. A banner reads "Republic of Angola" at the bottom, in Portuguese.

Historical coats of arms

Angola
National symbols of Angola
"Angola Avante!" (; "Forward Angola!") is the national anthem of Angola.  Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro wrote the words. Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas wrote the music.

It was started in 1975 after independence from Portugal.

Lyrics

Portuguese original

Kikongo lyrics

English translation

References

African anthems
National symbols of Angola
1975 works
Chokwe is the Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people.  It is used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is a national language of Angola.

Bantu languages
South Mbundu, or Umbundu is a language used by the Southern Mbundu people.  They live in the central highlands of Angola. Umbundu is the most widespread Bantu language in Angola. About one third of Angola is the Ovimbundu people.

References
Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982) 'Nasalization in Umbundu', Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 4, 2, 109-132.
Gladwyn M. Childs 'Umbundu Kinship and Character: Being a Description of Social Structure and Individual Development of the Ovimbundu', London: Oxford University Press, 1949.  .

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
North Mbundu, or Kimbundu, is one of two Bantu languages called Mbundu (see Umbundu).  It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola.  It is mostly in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu.

References

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
Ganguela (pronunciation: gang'ela) or Nganguela is the name of a small ethnic group living in Angola.

All of these people live on agriculture, on the upbreeding of small animals, and from gathering wild fruit, honey and other eatable items. Each group has their own language.

Ethnic groups in Africa
Kwanyama or Oshikwanyama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a dialect of the Ovambo language.

References

 

Languages of Africa
Bantu languages
Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. There are about 450,000 people.

The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here.

References

Provinces of Angola
Benguela is a province of Angola. Its capital is Benguela.  There are about 600,000 people.

Provinces of Angola
Bié is a province of Angola. It is on the Bié Plateau in central part of country. The capital is Kuito. There are about 800,000 people. 

The climate of Bié is fresh.  The large amount of rainfall makes possible the culture of corn, sugar cane, rice, coffee and peanuts. The ground is one of the most fertile of Angola.

The Cuanza River flows through the province.

Civil War

Bié was greatly affected by the Civil War. Agriculture stopped in several areas.  Some of the rural population fled to the cities. The province capital Kuito was partly destroyed by bombing.

Provinces of Angola
Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly Portuguese Congo) is a province of Angola. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.

There are about 357,576 people.

Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of land of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cabinda is bordered on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

While the civil war in Angola ended in 2002, there is still fighting in Cabinda.

Provinces of Angola
Riversleigh in north west Queensland, Australia, is one of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The other is the Naracoorte Caves National Park in South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The fossil site covers an area of about 100 km².

The fossils that have been found are the remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The site was listed as a World Heritage site in 1994. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which has not been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional shape.
Fossils
Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves. They are from when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been found at the site, which is the richest in the world. A skull, complete with all its teeth, of a 15 million-year-old monotreme, Obdurodon dicksoni, shows how this Australia group of animals evolved. Fossil ancestors of the extinct thylacine, Thylacinus cynocephalus, have also been found at Riversleigh. In 1993, Nimbadon skulls were found in newly discovered cave.  Scientists think this prehistoric marsupial first appeared about 15 million years ago and died out about 12 million years ago, perhaps from the effects of climate change. Other fossils have shown how the koala has changed in response to Australia's change from rainforest to drier eucalypt forests.
Fossils found at Riversleigh
Mammals
Ekaltadeta, a carnivorous rat-kangaroo
Burramys, the Mountain Pygmy Possum
Nimbacinus, an ancestor of the Thylacine
Obdurodon, a giant platypus
Yarala, a tube-nosed bandicoot
Yalkaparidon, a strange marsupial
Wakaleo, a marsupial lion
Priscileo, a marsupial lion
Nimiokoala, an ancient koala
Nimbadon, a sheep-like marsupial

Birds
Pengana, a flexible-footed bird of prey
Menura tyawanoides, a prehistoric lyrebird
The first fossil record of the Orthonychidae (logrunner) family

Reptiles
Trilophosuchus, a tree-dwelling crocodile
Baru, the cleaver-headed crocodile
Yurlunggur, and Wonambi, extinct snakes (Madtsoiidae)

References
Archer, M. et al. 1991. Riversleigh: the Story of Australia's Inland Rainforests, (Sydney: Reed Books).
Other websites
World heritage listing for Riversleigh
UNESCO site with information on Riversleigh, Australia
Australian site about Riversleigh 
Information about fossils from Riversleigh, Australian Museum
The Riversleigh Society supports scientific research at Riversleigh 

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Protected areas of Queensland
Australian National Heritage List
Lagerstätten
Kwikset is an American lock and door hardware manufacturer. Kwikset makes low to medium security residential and light commercial door locks. The Kwikset KW1 keyway is used by many other lock manufacturers. Kwikset recently introduced the SmartKey lock, which allows instant rekeying without removing the lock from the door, and without removing or replacing the core. The SmartKey lock uses the same KW1 key used in other Kwikset locks. The SmartKey lock is more difficult to pick than the standard Kwikset lock, although it is easier to force open.

Locks
Companies based in California
1946 establishments in the United States
Hiroshima Peace Memorial, also called the Atomic Bomb Dome or , is in central Hiroshima, Japan. It is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. UNESCO named the dome a World Heritage Site in 1996. The dome is the ruined Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. It was kept as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bombing killed 70,000 people instantly, and another 70,000 died later from the radiation.

History 
Czech architect Jan Letzel designed the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition. It was opened to the public in August that year. In 1921 the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. Finally in 1933, the name changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.

Atomic bombing
Atomic bombing 

At 8:15 on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war exploded almost directly above the dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly,but the building was not totally destroyed. There was more downward force on the building, but less side-to-side force right under the center of the explosion.

After the war
At first, the city planned to tear down the building, but did not because it was not as badly damaged. Some people wanted to remove the building, but others wanted to keep it. The city of Hiroshima was rebuilt around the ruined dome. In 1966 the city said that it planned to keep the building. As of July 2011, two construction projects kept the Dome from falling.
In December 1996, UNESCO added the A-Bomb Dome to the World Heritage List. Not everyone supported this decision. The United States did not join the decision. China said that the monument could take attention away from the countries that were victims of Japan during the war. Many more people died because of Japanese attacks in those countries. The United States said that having a memorial to a war site would not tell the whole history of the bombing.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome
 Entry on UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) website
 Official page
 Trade Promotion Hall

World Heritage Sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Japan
Hiroshima
1915 establishments
1910s establishments in Japan
Elisha Ann Cuthbert Phaneuf (born 30 November 1982) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Calgary, Alberta. She grew up in Greenfield Park, Quebec.

Cuthbert played Kim Bauer in 24. She starred as the title character in The Girl Next Door. She played one of the main characters in the sitcom Happy Endings. She was on the 2013 TV series 24/7.  Cuthbert played Lizzy on the 2015 tv sitcom One Big Happy.

Other websites 

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Calgary
Actors from Quebec
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
The Italian Job is a 1969 British comedy-drama crime movie. It is about a gang of British criminals who rob an armoured van of its gold cargo in Turin, Italy. It stars Michael Caine, Noel Coward and Benny Hill. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by Peter Collinson. A remake was made in 2003.

Other websites 

1969 comedy-drama movies
1969 crime movies
British comedy-drama movies
British crime drama movies
British criminal comedy movies
Chase movies
1960s English-language movies
Heist movies
Movies set in Italy
Movies directed by Peter Collinson
Cuando Cubango is a province of Angola.  There are about 140,000 people. Menongue is the capital of the province. 

The name of the province is from the Cuando and Cubango rivers.  They both flow through the province.

This area had the endangered Painted Hunting Dog.  The land was destroyed during the Cuban intervention years. The Painted Hunting Dog is no longer there.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Cuando Cubango was the main base camp of Angola's UNITA rebel movement.

References 
 , 9780415350150 354 pages
 C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg

Line notes 

Provinces of Angola
Cuanza Norte or Kwanza Norte is a province of Angola. N'Dalantando is the capital. There are about 400,000 people. The Capanda Dam is in this province. Cuanza Norte is on the northern bank of the Cuanza River.

Provinces of Angola
Cuanza Sul is a province of Angola. There are 1 881 873 people (2014). Sumbe is the capital. Cuanza Sul is on the south bank of the Cuanza River.

Provinces of Angola
Cunene is a province of Angola. There are about 200,000 to 300,000 people.  Ondjiva is the capital. It is the only city in this province. Cunene is north of the Cunene River.

Provinces of Angola
In Greek mythology, Salmacis was a naiad nymph of a spring at Caria in Asia Minor. She didn't follow the other nymphs of the goddess Diana and united bodies with Hermaphroditus becoming a single being, both male and female.

"There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:
unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not in Diana’s band.
Often her sisters would say: “Pick up a javelin, or
bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!
But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,
nor trade leisure for the chase.
Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,
with her waters as a mirror."

Ovid, Metamorphoses. Book IV, 306-312.
According to Ovid's myth, she fell in love with Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she embraced him and prayed to the gods to be united with him forever, the gods heard her prayer and merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus then cursed the spring of Salmacis, so that any man who drank or bathed in its water would also become androgynous.

Other websites

 hermaphroditus and salmacis art
The Wish of Salmacis
The Pool of Salmacis
Salmacis and hermaphroditus 

Nymphs
Huambo is a province of Angola. There are about 1.9 million people in the province.  The capital is also called Huambo.  Huambo is the richest agricultural province in Angola.

Provinces of Angola
Huíla is a province of Angola. There are about 700,000 people. Lubango is the capital. The Bicuari National Park is in Huíla Province.

Provinces of Angola
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hiraizumi in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The site covers 5 locations. Four of these places are  Buddhist temples. The sacred Mount Kinkeisan is also included in the group The properties and their buffer zones are covered by a range of Japanese government protections as historic sites and places of scenic beauty.

History
Hiraizumi was an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre from the late-11th century until the late 12th-century.  This time was marked by the building and endowment of Buddhist temples, art and gardens.

Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and garden design that was unique to Japan.

The four Pure Land gardens of Hiraizumi show the ideals of Pure Land Buddhism.  The gardens also show Japanese concepts about the relationship between gardens, water and the surrounding landscape.
The four gardens were developed by the Ōshū Fujiwara clan.  The poet Matsuo Bashō was inspired by this Fujiwara legacy.  In 1689, Bashō wrote: "Three generations of glory vanished in the space of a dream ...."

In 2011, UNESCO listed parts of Hiraizumi as a World Heritage Site.

Locations

Related pages
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites

 Hiraizumi City, Hiraizumi - World Heritage 
 Iwate Prefecture, http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html 
 http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html 
 http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php 

Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi
Iwate Prefecture
Lunda Norte is a province of Angola. There are about 850,000 people. Angola's first President, Agostino Neto, made Lucapa the capital after independence.  It was later moved to Dundo.  The province is rich in diamonds, but is underdeveloped and poor.

Provinces of Angola
Lunda Sul is a province of Angola. There are about 125,000 people. Saurimo is the capital. This region has many diamonds.

Provinces of Angola
Malanje is a province of Angola. There are about 900,000 people. Malanje is the capital of the province. The Milando Reserve Park is also here.

Geography 
Malanje has a total area of 97,602 square kilometers.

Provinces of Angola
Moxico is the largest province of Angola. There are about 230,000 people. Luena is the capital of the province. The Cameia National Park is located in Moxico.

References

Provinces of Angola
Namibe is a province of Angola.  It was called Moçâmedes when under Portuguese rule. There were 313,667people in 2006. The port and city of Namibe is the capital. Iona National Park is also located there.

Late Cretaceous fossils of sharks, turtles, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sauropods were found near the Bentiaba desert.

References

Provinces of Angola
Uíge (pronounced: "Weej"),  is one of the eighteen provinces of Angola. It is in the northwestern part of the country. The capital city is Uíge. There are 500,000 people.  The Beu Forest Reserve is in the province.

The province was badly damaged during the long civil war.  Many buildings were destroyed.  Many people had to move.

References

Provinces of Angola
Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola.  It is in the north west of the country.  There are about 600,000 people.  M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.

Provinces of Angola
Caxito  is a town and commune in Angola.  It is the capital of Bengo Province.

The northern line of Angolan Railways passes through.

References

Cities in Angola
Benguela (São Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled Benguella)  is a city in western Angola.  It is the capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's largest cities.

Cities in Angola
Kuito (also spelled Cuito) is a city in central Angola. It is the capital of Bié Province.

Cities in Angola
Cabinda is the capital of the Cabinda Province in Angola. It is called Tchiowa by the Cabindans. The city was first started by the Portuguese for slave trade. There are many offshore oil reserves nearby.

Cities in Angola
Menongue is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.  It is also the capital of the province. It is the end of the southern railway from Namibe.

References

Settlements in Angola
Towns in Africa
N'dalatando  (pre-1975: Vila Salazar) is a town and municipality of Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.  It is also the capital of the province. It has a station on the northern railway of Luanda Railway.

References

Settlements in Angola
Towns in Africa
Teenage pregnancy is a situation which involves female adolescents who are less than 20 years old. But sometimes preteens (people under 13) can become pregnant as well. The fact that teenagers become pregnant is related to many factors. These are related to the specific situation of the teenager and the group that she interacts with. The rates of teenage pregnancy vary from country to country and are related to differences of sexual activities, the general sex education and contraceptives being available. Teen pregnancy will sometimes involve low birth weight. Social matters also play a role: often, the teenager grew up in poverty. She also often has a lower level of general education. Pregnancy in teenagers in the developed world usually occurs outside of marriage. The lowest levels of teenage pregnancy are in Japan and South Korea. Teenage pregnancies are common among Romani people. Bulgaria and Romania have the highest teenage pregnancy rate in Europe.

Problems
Medicalities
Teenage pregnancies have a number of problems:
 There is a higher risk that babies born from teenage mothers are born too early, or that they have a low weight at birth.
 The mothers may also encounter complications or difficulties at birth; they have a higher risk of anaemia than mothers aged 20–24.
 A pregnancy is best followed by trained medical staff during its course. Teenage mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care, often seeking it in the third trimester, if at all. The Guttmacher Institute reports that one-third of pregnant teens receive insufficient prenatal care and that their children are more likely to suffer from health issues in childhood or be hospitalized than those born to older women.
 Like most other teenagers, teenage mothers may suffer from poor nutrition. This may lead to them having specific illnesses related to bad nutrition. Bad nutrition is a more marked problem of teenagers in developed countries.
Up to 70,000 teen girls in developing countries die from complications during pregnancy each year. Young mothers and their babies are also at greater risk of contracting HIV. The World Health Organization estimates that the risk of death following pregnancy is twice as high for women between 15 and 19 years than for those between the ages of 20 and 24. The maternal mortality rate can be up to five times higher for girls aged between 10 and 14 than for women of about twenty years of age. Illegal abortion also holds many risks for teenage girls in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa.
Risk for complications are higher for girl 14 years or younger, because their pelvis has not yet developed fully; this may lead to probems with childbirth. Some of these problems can be dealt with using Cesarean section (C Section)This requires the services of a doctor, or a hospital, which is often unavailable. Where this is unavailable, eclampsia, obstetric fistula, infant mortality, or maternal death can result. For mothers in their late teens, age in itself is not a risk factor, and poor outcomes are associated more with socioeconomic factors rather than with biology.
Social
 Problems other than the age of the mother, such as poverty and social support also affect the outcome. It is important that teenage mothers can rely on the family and the state to help them cope, and educate their child. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child-care support are more likely to continue their education and get higher paying jobs as they progress with their education.
 Being a young mother often affects education.Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school. Recent studies, though, have found that many of these mothers had already dropped out of school prior to becoming pregnant. One study in 2001 found that women who gave birth during their teens completed secondary-level schooling 10–12% as often and pursued post-secondary education 14–29% as often as women who waited until age 30.

Potential Solutions
Education 
A large cause of teenage pregnancy is a lack of education about sex and pregnancy. The first to be blamed are schools and teachers, but the real starting point should be from within the family. Sometimes parents might think talking about sex is inappropriate or that it is automatically encouraging their children to have sex, so they avoid talking about it entirely. This leaves kids with information only from their peers, which often includes pressure to engage in sex acts to meet social standards. Parents should realize that in attempting to protect their children from the reality of human sexuality they are causing more harm than good. Open discussion about sex in a safe, nonjudgmental environment is essential to helping minors make educated decisions about sex. Pediatricians also take it upon themselves to make up for the information that has not been properly communicated to teens, and continually recognize better education as the key to helping reduce teen pregnancy.

References
References

Pregnancy and childbirth
is a city in Ibaraki, Japan.

The city of Bandō is made up of the old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima, which joined on March 22, 2005.

Sister cities
  Pine Bluff, Arkansas United States

Notable people from Bandō
 Keita Goto, professional footballer
 Makoto Takimoto, judoka
 Wakanami Jun, sumo wrestler

Other websites 

 Official website of Bandō 

Cities in Ibaraki Prefecture
The Amazing Spider-Man is a 20012 movie by Marvel Entertainment and Columbia Pictures. It stars Andrew Garfieldand Emma StoneIt is a reboot of the Spider-Man motion picture series. It was released in the United States in 2012. It is about Peter Parker in high school while his super powers are evolving. A sequel, The Amazing Spider-Man 2, was released in 2014.
Plot
Abandoned by his parents and raised by an aunt and uncle, teenager Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) is trying to figure out why his parents left. When Peter finds a mysterious briefcase that was his father's, he tries to figure out what it means. His search takes him to Oscorp and the lab of Dr. Curt Connors who created a genetically engineered spider which bites Peter Parker and gives him superpowers. After his uncle Ben Parker is murdered, Peter becomes a Superhero called Spider-Man. Peter falls in love with Gwen Stacy whose policeman father hates Spider-Man. Dr. Connors transforms himself into a Supervillain called The Lizard and Spider-Man stops the Lizard from turning everyone in New York City into a Lizard.

Release Dates 

2012 science fiction movies
2012 action movies
2010s superhero movies
Movies composed by James Horner
2010s English-language movies
Reboot movies
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 movie series)
The Sudbury Basin  is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest verified impact crater on Earth, as well as one of the oldest. 

The basin is on the Canadian Shield in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The Sudbury Basin is referred to locally as "The Valley". The urban core of the former city of Sudbury lies on the southern outskirts of the basin.

The Sudbury Basin is near a number of other geological structures. None of the structures are directly related to each other in the sense of coming from the same geophysical processes.

Formation
The Sudbury basin was formed by a strike from a bolide about  in diameter. It occurred 1.849 billion years ago in the Palaeoproterozoic era.

Debris from the impact was scattered over an area of  and traveled over  away — rock fragments ejected by the impact have been found as far as Minnesota.
With such a large impact, debris was most likely scattered globally, but has since been worn away. Its present size is believed to be a smaller portion of a  round crater that the bolide originally created.

Subsequent geological processes have deformed the crater into the current smaller oval shape. Sudbury Basin would then be the second-largest crater on Earth, after the  Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the  Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico.

Structure

The full extent of the Sudbury Basin is  long,  wide and  deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower.

References 

Geography of Ontario
Impact craters
The Ladbroke Grove rail crash was a railway accident outside Paddington station, Ladbroke Grove, in London, England, on 5 October 1999, in the early morning. It involved two trains, one run by Thames Trains, the other by First Great Western.

Events
A train run by Thames Trains left London Paddington railway station for Bedwyn in Wiltshire at 08:06am. 

It was a "Thames Turbo", painted in Network SouthEast colours and made up of three carriages. 

At Ladbroke Grove Junction, trains switched onto the usual route, one track for trains away from London, the other for trains to London. 

It should have stopped at a red signal and waited until it could do this safely, but it failed to stop at the signal (called a Signal Passed at Danger or SPAD). 

It collided nearly head on with a train run by First Great Western from Cheltenham Spa in Gloucestershire, after the signal that was changed failed to stop the train.

The train was a diesel high speed train, with 8 coaches and two locomotives, one at each end.
The front two coaches of the Thames Turbo were completely destroyed, and the front locomotive of the High Speed Train was badly damaged. 

The diesel fuel in the Thames Turbo was scattered as a result and caught fire, which caused separate fires to burn in the wreckage, especially in Coach H of the high speed train which was completely burned by the fire. 

The drivers of both trains were killed in the crash. Altogether, 31 people died: 24 people on the Thames Turbo and 6 people on the high speed train were killed by the crash itself, while another person was killed by the fire. 523 people were injured, of which 227 were taken to hospital. The remaining 296 people were treated where the crash happened.
Cause
The immediate cause was the Thames Turbo failing to stop at a red signal at Ladbroke Grove Junction. A signal before it was amber, which should have prepared the driver for the red signal. Because the driver was killed, it was hard to find out why he did not stop at the signal. An inquiry was held in 2000 by Lord Cullen, one year later.

Contributing factors
Lord Cullen took note of the fact that the railway line in London Paddington was prone to trains failing to stop at the same red signal that the Thames Turbo passed. 

One reason for the driver not stopping was that it was difficult for him to see the signal. It was very early in the morning and the sun was very low in the sky. This made the amber signal difficult to notice. Overhead power lines had been put up for the Heathrow Express to run, which obscured the signals even more.
Another reason was that the Thames Turbo had been fitted with a safety system called ATP (automatic train protection), which would have stopped the train if it failed to stop at a red signal, but it was switched off. The High Speed Train's ATP was also off. Although it was recommended after a rail crash at Clapham Junction many years earlier, it had proved annoying in the past and no company required its trains to have it working and switched on.

After the event
On 5 April 2004, Thames Trains was fined £2 million for breaching Health & Safety laws in connection with the crash. 

On 31 October 2006, 7 years and 26 days after the crash, Network Rail pleaded guilty to charges under the Health & Safety at Work act 1974, was fined £4 million and ordered to pay a further £225,000. 

Both the front locomotive of the high speed train and the Thames Turbo were written off. The back carriage of the Thames Turbo, however, is now a spare part.
A memorial garden was created next to the Great Western main line near Paddington station, near the car park of a Sainsbury's supermarket.

Sources 
 Paddington rail disaster Her last words to me were goodbye Daddy The Daily Telegraph. 28 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
 ^ The inquiry report is in 2 volumes, reflecting this division; the narrative and the account of the most likely cause and identified shortcomings are based upon Volume 1 of the enquiry report

1999 disasters
1999 in England
20th century in London
Fires in London
Railway accidents in Europe
October events
Thames Trains was a British train operator under franchise running a mixture of short and long distance trains around the Thames Valley. Its services were centered around Reading and ran in the area surrounded by Oxford, Gatwick Airport, Guildford, London, Basingstoke, Worcester, Hereford and Stratford-upon-Avon. It was started when British Rail was privatised and Network SouthEast was broken up. In 2004 it was replaced by First Great Western Link, which was merged with First Great Western and Wessex Trains after 2 years, forming a "Greater Western" franchise.

Thames Trains ran one of the Trains involved in the Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash in 1999, three years after it was started.

Railway operators in London
1996 establishments in England
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
21st-century disestablishments in England
Freeport is a city, district and free trade zone on the island of Grand Bahama. It is in North-west Bahamas. In 1955, Wallace Groves, a Virginian financier, was given 50,000 acres (or 202 km2) of pineyard with swamp and scrubland areas by the Bahamian government. They were asked to develop the area economically. Freeport has grown and is now the second most populous city in the Bahamas. The main airport in Freeport is the Grand Bahama International Airport. The Grand Bahama Port Authority (GBPA) runs the free trade zone, under the Hawksbill Creek Agreement signed in August 1955. There, the Bahamian Government agreed that businesses in the Freeport area will pay no taxes before 2054. The area of the land grants has been increased to 138,000 acres (or 526 km2).

References 

Districts of the Bahamas
1955 establishments
1950s establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in the Bahamas
Grand Bahama International Airport (GBIA)  is a privately owned international airport. It is in Freeport, Bahamas. The airport is a joint venture between Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) and The Port Group (or the Grand Bahama Port Authority). It also has  of land. This adjoins it to the Freeport Harbour Company Limited. So, they work as one body, known as the Sea Air Business Centre (SABC).

Grand Bahama International Airport is one of two Bahamian airports that has US border preclearance facilities.

The airport has a  runway. It can handle the largest aircraft in service. It is quite close to all major cities of the Eastern Seaboard of the United States.

References 

Airports in North America
The Bahamas
Florida's Turnpike (TPK), designated as the Ronald Reagan Turnpike is a north–south toll road. It was originally called Sunshine State Parkway. The road runs  through 11 counties in the Florida peninsula. It starts from U.S. Route 1 in Florida City, running through Miami, Fort Lauderdale. At West Palm Beach, it runs parallel to Interstate 95, and then in Orlando, it crosses Interstate 4, to its northern end at Interstate 75 near Wildwood.
The Turnpike itself has two sections. The first is the Mainline, a  route from the Golden Glades Interchange (north of Miami) to Wildwood. This has the hidden designation of State Road 91 (SR 91). It was opened in stages between 1957 and 1964. The second is the  long Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT). This was completed in 1974. Its hidden designation is State Road 821 (SR 821). This runs from Florida City (near Homestead) through the suburbs to the west and north of Miami, connecting to the Mainline four miles (6 km) north of the Golden Glades Interchange. Florida's Turnpike is considered one of the busiest highways in the country (according to the IBBTA, the highway is the nation's 3rd most heavily traveled toll road).

References 

Turnpike
Things named after Ronald Reagan
The Hala'ib Triangle (مثلث حلايب  in Arabic, transliterated Muthāllath Ḥalāʾib) is an area of land measuring  located on the Red Sea's African coast. The area, which is named after the town of Hala'ib, is created by the difference in the Egypt–Sudan border between the "political boundary" set in 1899 by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, which runs along the 22nd parallel north, and the "administrative boundary" set by the British in 1902, which gave an area of land north of the line to Sudan.  When Sudan became independent in 1956, both Egypt and Sudan claimed sovereignty over the area. After Egypt sent military units to the Hala'ib Triangle in the 1990s, as part of a greater movement by the Egyptian government to solidify its presence in Africa, following the 1995 attempted assassination of then-Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Egypt has controlled the area as part of the Red Sea Governorate, and has been actively investing in it
. Today the United Arab Emirates is also a active investor along with Egypt in the area.
The area is not shaped like a triangle—it is actually a complicated polygon. Only the southern  border is a straight line. A smaller area, called Bir Tawil, touches the Hala'ib Triangle at its westernmost point. Bir Tawil is not claimed by either Sudan or Egypt.

References 

Territorial disputes
Geography of Sudan
Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American television and movie actor. He has starred in movies with many genres, but is most known for his role as Marv Murchins in the 1990 film Home Alone and its 1992 sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. Stern was born in Bethesda, Maryland. Stern is currently married to Laure Mattos since 1981, they have three children.

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Maryland
1957 births
Living people
People from Bethesda, Maryland
David Cone (born 2 January 1963 in Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for many teams including the New York Yankees.

References

New York Yankees players
1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
National League All-Stars
A Cesarean section (often called a C-section) is a kind of surgery, which is usually done to make childbirth easier. In the past, this was done when there was a great risk to the health of the mother, or when normal childbirth through the vagina was not possible. More recently, it has also been done on request, without these reasons. In very rare cases, abortions are performed using this procedure, these are called Hysterotomy abortions. The first person to perform a modern Cesarean section was Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, in 1881. In Latin, it is called Sectio caesarea, in English, the spelling Caesarean section also exists. 

The rate of babies delivered through Cesarean section varies: It is at a record level of 46% in China; levels of 25% and above are common in many Asian and European countries, Latin America, and the United States.
From about the 6th century, there  was Roman law that stated that a living foetus may not be buried with the mother, The Digest notes this to be a "lex regia". If this were the case, it would date from the time around 700 BC, when there were Roman kings.

References

Surgery
Pregnancy and childbirth
Waheed Murad () (October 2, 1938 – November 23, 1983) was a Pakistani movie actor. Waheed is considered to be one of the most influential actors of subcontinent. He was born in Karachi, Pakistan. and was the only child of movie distributor Nisar Murad. Waheed got his early education from Karachi Grammar School in Karachi.

One of his blockbuster movies is Armaan. Once, in an interview, he said, "Dilip Kumar, too, is not an immortal actor". 

In November 2010, 27 years after his death, Pakistani president Asif Zardari awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz.

Popularity 
Waheed Murad is thought to be one of the first Rock n' Roll stars of Pakistan. Due to his romantic and subtle style of acting, he became well known as the 'Chocolate Hero' and 'Lady Killer'. His haircut, dressing style and even the way he talked were very popular with the youth.

References
References

Other websites
 
 Image of a website on Waheed Murad dated 01-13-2005 (now discontinued)
 Biogragphy of Waheed Murad 
 Complete database of Waheed's movies including 2 movies released after his death and 1 movie as guest star released in 1959
 The man who changed cinema - DAWN.com 
Waheed Murad Remembered 

1938 births
1983 deaths
Pakistani movie actors
Actors from Karachi
Sumbe (pre-1975: Novo Redondo) is a city in west central Angola. It is the capital of Cuanza Sul Province. There are 26,000 people.

References

Cities in Angola
Ondjiva (pre-1975: Pereira d'Eça) is a town in southern Angola.  It is the capital of Cunene Province.

Notable people
Marcelina Vahekeni, Miss Angola 2012, delegate to the Miss Universe 2012 pageant

Cities in Angola
Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa ("New Lisbon" in Portuguese), is the capital of Huambo Province in Angola.  The city is about 220 km east of Benguela and 600 km south-east of Luanda.  The city is the second largest in Angola, after the capital city, Luanda. It has the Albano Machado Airport.

The name Huambo comes from Wambu.  Wambu was one of the 14 old Ovimbundu kingdoms of the central Angolan plateau.

Cities in Angola
Lubango is the capital city of Huíla in Angola. Until 1975, the city's  name was Sá da Bandeira.

During the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), Lubango was a major base of Cuban, SWAPO.

Lubango's economy is based on agriculture.

Notable people
 Marco Abreu, of the Angola national football team was born in Lubango in 1974.

Cities in Angola
Lucapa is a town in eastern Angola. It is the capital of Lunda Norte Province.

The number of people who live here is hard to determine.  This is because civil war caused a lot of people to move.

The main work in the town is mining.

Cities in Angola
Saurimo (pre-1975: Henrique de Carvalho) is a town in northeastern Angola.  It is the capital of Lunda Sul Province.  There are about 200,000 people. The number of people has gotten bigger because migrants are running from areas hurt by the civil war.

Cities in Angola
Malanje (also Malange) is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola.  There are 222,000 people.  Nearby are the Calandula waterfalls,  from the city. Pedras Negras de Pungo Andongo are large black rocks. The greatest dam in the country is in Malanje. 

Cities in Angola
Out of the Game is the seventh album by Rufus Wainwright.

Track listing
 "Out of the Game" – 4:06
 "Jericho" – 3:44
 "Rashida" – 3:00
 "Barbara" – 3:56
 "Welcome to the Ball" – 3:26
 "Montauk" – 3:57
 "Bitter Tears" – 3:32
 "Respectable Dive" – 4:55
 "Perfect Man" – 3:58
 "Sometimes You Need" – 3:21
 "Song of You" – 4:51
 "Candles" – 7:42

References

2012 albums
Rufus Wainwright albums
Luena (pre-1975: Vila Luso) is a town in east central Angola. It is the capital of Moxico Province. There are between 60,000 to 200,000 people.  No one knows for sure because of refugees from the Angolan Civil War.

Cities in Angola