Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1920, the city of Spandau became a borough of Berlin. Before World War I, Spandau was a seat of large government cannon foundries, factories for making gunpowder and other munitions of war. The most dangerous weapon invented in Spandau was the Renana. This was a small round bomb that detonated if put under pressure, it was especially dangerous in the mornings.

After World War II, it was part of the British Occupation Zone in West Berlin and the Spandau Prison, built in 1876, was used to house Nazi war criminals who were sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials. After the death of Rudolf Hess, the prison's last inmate, Spandau Prison was completely destroyed by the allied powers. A NAAFI supermarket was built on the site. When the Allies left Berlin this military supermarket became a MediaMarkt store and carpark.

Modern industries include metal working, chemicals and carpet making.

The popular British New Romantic band, Spandau Ballet takes its name from Spandau.
Places of interest 
 Spandau Citadel, Fortress build in the 16th century
 St. Nikolai Church, Church from the Middle Ages (there is a church with the same name in Berlin-Mitte)

Twin towns
Spandau is twinned with
  Siegen und Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein (1952)
  Luton (1959)
  Asniéres-sur-Seine (1959)
  Ashdod (1968)
  Iznik (1968)
  Nauen  (1988)

Other websites 

 Official Homepage
Peterborough ( or ) is a cathedral city in the East of England. The population is about 184,500 as of mid–2011. The city is well known for its cathedral.

Even though it is part of Northamptonshire, for ceremonial purposes it is inside the county of Cambridgeshire. The city is  north of London. It is on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea, about  to the north-east. 

The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. The local government area includes Northamptonshire and Rutland to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and non-metropolitan Cambridgeshire to the south and east.

The topography of the land is flat. In some places it is below sea level, for example in the Fens that are east of Peterborough.
Human settlement began before the Bronze Age, as seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east.  There is also evidence of Roman occupation. In the Anglo-Saxon English period of time, a monastery, Medeshamstede was built. This later became Peterborough Cathedral.

The population grew fast after rail transport began in the 19th century. At that time, Peterborough became known for the manufacturing of bricks.

Population growth 
After World War II, the city did not grow much, until the 1960s. Peterborough was named a "New Town" in 1967, by the government. This was part of the New Towns Act of 1946. It planned new towns to move people into better homes, who were still living in poor or bombed-out housing from the war.

Housing and population are still growing in the 21st century.  Peterborough's population growth was the fastest of any British city over the ten years from 2002. This was partly due to immigration.
Because the city is still getting larger,  the city council has passed a law for a new development plan. This is to add an additional 22,000 homes, 18,000 jobs and over 40,000 people who will live in Peterborough by 2020. The newly developing Hampton township will be finished. There will also be a 1,500-homes built in Stanground, and a 1,200-homes built in Paston.

Suburbs

Parnwell
Parnwell is a housing estate in the east of the city. Situated off Parnwell Way, it is easily accessible using the Frank Perkins Way (A1139). It is served by a convenience store at the Parnwell Centre and has a Sure Start Centre and a health centre.

The local primary school is Parnwell Primary School, which was opened in 1989 to serve children from 4 to 11 years. Children over this age may choose to attend the City of Peterborough Academy (COPA), Thomas Deacon Academy or the Stanground Academy.

References
References 

Settlements in Cambridgeshire
Cities in England
Unitary authorities
1541 establishments
16th-century establishments in England
1540s establishments in Europe
TSV Schwieberdingen is a German football club. It is in Schwieberdingen, Baden-Württemberg. The club was founded in 1906. Today it has over 2,200 people.

The football team is playing in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV). Their stadium is the Felsenberg-Arena.

Other websites 
Official website

German football clubs
Sport in Baden-Württemberg
Las Terrenas is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province, on the north coast of the peninsula of Samaná.

Name
The name Las Terrenas comes from the French La terrienne (the "lady that owns land").

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 18,829: 9,776 men and 9,053 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
Las Terrenas has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of Samaná. The city is an elevation of  above sea level, and at  to the northwest of Samaná.

Las Terrenas does not have any municipal district.

The municipality of Las Terrenas has the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the municipality of Sánchez to the west and south, and the municipality of Samaná to the east.

Economy
The main economic activities of the municipality are the same as the province: tourism, agriculture and fishing.

References
 

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1996 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Schwieberdingen is a city in the center of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The city was first mentioned 1304. It is found 5km away from Ludwigsburg and 10km away from Stuttgart.

About 11,000 people live in Schwieberdingen. The largest sport club is the TSV Schwieberdingen.

References

Other websites

 Website of Schwieberdingen

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
Sánchez is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province, on the south coast of the peninsula of Samaná.

Name
Sánchez is named after Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, one of the three Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic.

History
The old town of Las Cañitas was elevated to the category of municipality in 1866.

It was a very small town but it grew in importance and population when the railway from the town to La Vega began to run across the rich region of the Cibao. Sánchez became the most important port of the country during the rest of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. The railway worked until 1966.

The port lost its importance when other ports in the country grew in importance. And the Yuna River has been filling the Samaná Bay with solid materials and only small boats can get to the port.

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 24,509: 12,583 men and 11,926 women. The urban population was  of the total population.
Geography
Sánchez has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of Samaná. The city is an elevation of  above sea level, and at  to the west of Samaná.

The city is surrounded by mountains of the Sierra de Samaná, a small mountain range that covers most of the Samaná peninsula.

Sánchez does not have any municipal district.

The municipality of Sánchez has the Atlantic Ocean to the northwest, the municipality of Las Terrenas to the north, the municipality of Samaná to the east, the Duarte and María Trinidad Sánchez provinces to the west and the Samaná Bay to the south. It also borders, in its southeastern part, to the Hato Mayor province.

Climate
Sánchez has a tropical wet climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist (rainfalls during the whole year).

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of rainfall, followed by November with .
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of  and the second is March with .

Samaná is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is farming. Fishing was the main activity but now is not so important.

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1866 establishments
1860s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Parking a vehicle means stopping and leaving it somewhere. It is important to make sure that the vehicle is parked somewhere where parking is allowed, otherwise the driver may have to pay a fine, or even worse, the vehicle may be clamped. Cars are usually parked in driveways, parking lots, garages, or on the side of the street.

Parking a car is easier than parking a large vehicle such as a lorry (truck) or a coach.  These large vehicles often have to go to special parks.  Rules about parking are part of traffic rules, and these will vary a lot from one country to another. It is illegal to park on the sidewalk
Parking a vehicle
When driving along a road, the driver may see a space big enough for him to park his vehicle. He should stop just after he has passed the space, alongside the next car, then reverse (go backwards) slowly in, aiming towards the curb, then turning the steering wheel so that he just misses the car in front.  Then he can adjust, leaving equal room between the two cars. This process is called "parallel parking". If the space is wide enough for two cars he can drive forwards into the space instead of reversing in. Parking correctly takes practice and some experience. The driver should not ram or scrub a wheel against the curb. This can puncture the tire.

Places to park

On the road

Vehicles can often be parked at the side of the road. They are usually parked  parallel to the curb at the edge of the pavement or sidewalk. In some places, parking spaces may be set at a slight 45 degree angle to the curb. Sometimes there are no restrictions: one can park there, free, for as long as one likes.
In other places, parking may not be allowed at all (e.g. where there are double yellow lines (in Britain) or it may be allowed only for limited periods. Parking is not allowed on streets where building construction is in progress. Parking may not be allowed on streets that must be open to emergency traffic such as ambulances and fire trucks. Parking may not be allowed in the winter on certain streets that are marked "snow route". These routes must be clear of vehicles so snow plows can get through to do their job.

Drivers may have to pay to park.  Money can either be put in parking meters which are to be found by every parking bay. There may be a machine nearby where the driver has to pay, and then he receives a ticket which he has to leave inside the car to show that he has paid.  The time and date of arrival will be printed on the ticket.

Clamping and towing
If a driver does not pay, or he stays longer than he is allowed, he may be given a parking ticket by a traffic warden, a policeman, or a meter maid.  These people have the job of patrolling the streets and finding any cars which are illegally parked.  A ticket is issued. A fine must be paid.

In some cities, the cars may be clamped or "booted" (in the US).  This means that a heavy clamp ("boot") is fixed to one of the wheels. The car cannot be driven away.  The driver then has to phone the clamping firm to arrange for them to unlock the clamp.  This will cost a lot of money.  

In some places, the car may be taken away by the police. They will take it to a special parking lot under police control. The vehicle is lifted by a crane onto a lorry and taken away.  It may be taken away by a tow truck. It costs a lot of money to get one's car back.

Car parks and parking lots
Car parks (or, parking lots) are spaces where one can park and leave one's car. The size of these spaces can range from very small to very large.  They can be paved with asphalt, concrete, or other material. They can be covered with gravel, or simply bare earth. 

In urban areas, car parks are usually paved. Slots for cars are measured out and are painted on the pavement. Drivers are expected to park within these slots. Cars are usually parked side by side in a car park.

There may be an attendant on duty who will collect a flat fee for parking or issue a ticket noting the driver's arrival time. The fee will be collected when the driver leaves. Sometimes the driver can get the ticket from a mechanical device at the entrance. He will pay the fee when he leaves to an attendant typically stationed in a small booth at the exit.
Car parks and parking lots can be dangerous to drivers and their passengers. Some are not (or poorly) lit at night. Persons intent on mischief or criminal activity can operate without being seen. Large parks and lots attract both male and female prostitutes who, if turned away, may retaliate in some way such as "keying" a vehicle. Other hazards in urban lots are rusty nails on the pavement, broken glass, and vermin such as rats. 

At a country fair, barn sale, a country concert, or other rural event, drivers may park their vehicles in a meadow that has been mowed and marked off with ropes or bales of hay to guide drivers in and out of the area. An attendant is usually stationed at the entrance to advise drivers on where to park. There is sometimes (but not usually) a fee charged for parking in such an area.  A "Park and Ride" is a big car park on the edge of a town.  Instead of driving into the centre of the town, drivers can park there and take a bus or tram into the centre.
Another type of car park, called an "attendant car park" is one where the driver leaves the car keys with an attendant.  The attendant will then drive the car and park it so that all the cars are bunched up close to one another.  This saves space.  This type of car park is common at airports.  The driver can tell the attendant when he expects to be back.

Some car parks are private car parks.  They can only be used by people who are visiting the hotel, store or firm to whom the car park belongs.  People who park there illegally may find that their vehicle gets clamped, towed, or booted.
On a busy highway, an area just off the main road is available for parking. These are called layovers or rest areas. Sometimes there is a curb. Sometimes there is a rest room or vending machines for drinks and snacks. Sometimes there are full-scale restaurants and souvenir shops. Parking is risky. These areas typically are not supervised and are often the haunt of criminals such as prostitutes and drug dealers. Homosexuals gather in these areas to "do their thing" and often attract the attention of the police.

Disabled parking

Some car parks have a few spaces that are reserved for disabled people.  These spaces are usually near the exit of the car park or near the front doors of the store, hotel, restaurant etc. This is a convenience for the disabled driver or passenger. The disabled person is able to get into and out of the store or restaurant with little difficulty. These disabled spaces are usually limited to a few slots that are clearly marked.
The disabled spaces are usually wider than the others so that the vehicle doors can be opened wide for the disabled person to get out.  It is important to display a valid disabled badge or other insignia in or on the vehicle. This will alert store owners and tow drivers that the car is legally parked. Able drivers should not park in these disabled slots. They risk being towed or fined.

Parking garages

Parking garages (or multi-level car parks) are buildings of concrete and steel. They are used for parking vehicles. Some are built on downtown city streets where on-street parking slots may be limited. Parking garages are usually several levels high. The levels are connected by ramps. Many parking garages are open to the weather. They can be cold, snowy, and windy in the winter. Sometimes the street level of a parking garage has shops, cafes, and other businesses.
A driver goes into the garage at an entrance. He takes a ticket stamped with his arrival time from an attendant or a mechanical device. He may drive up several ramps to find a parking space. He leaves his ticket in the car where the attendant can see it. When he leaves, he rolls down his window and pays the parking fee at the exit. A barrier is lifted, and he drives away. 

Parking garages can be dangerous for drivers and their passengers. These buildings are sometimes dimly lit, poorly staffed, and not always watched for potential trouble. There are places in a parking garage for anyone intent on mischief or criminal activity to hide or escape. Enclosed stairways and elevators (lifts) can be dangerous, especially for someone alone.
Parking garages are sometimes found near office buildings, hospitals, universities, police stations, and other busy places where land space is limited. Some apartment buildings have their own parking garages. These are for use by tenants in the apartment building.  Some buildings have underground parking garages. Once again these garages are to be used solely by residents, employees, and customers.

Other websites

Traffic
Horsham is a market town in West Sussex, England with a population of roughly 50,000.  It is the administrative and market centre of the district of Horsham.

Towns in West Sussex
Lemgo is a city in the Lippe district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of c. 42,000.

References

Other websites 
 Stadt Lemgo

Lippe Rural District
A Kit-Cat Klock or Felix the Cat Clock is an art deco style clock. It looks like the cartoon character Felix the Cat. The eyes and tail move back and forth.

 thumb | right | A Kit Cat Klock 

Clocks
Art Deco
St. Michael's Church, also known as the Michaelskirche (Church of St Michael), is a church in Bamberg. It was built in the 12th century. It stands on the top of a very high hill overlooking the town of Bamberg. It can be seen from nearly all directions. Bamberg is built on seven hills, each with a building at the top. The hill on which the St Michael’s Church stands is the highest one. An old, cobbled road with some ancient houses leads from the cathedral up to the church. Not far beyond the church are fields and woods.

The church is built in the Romanesque style. It used to be the church of a Benedictine monastery. The monastery was secularized in 1803. There is now an almshouse there as well as a museum and municipal art collections.

History
History

Emperor Heinrich II (Henry II) was the founder of the Bishopric of Bamberg. The first bishop of Bamberg was Eberhard, who founded the abbey of St Michael. It belonged to the bishop. The abbot had to obey the bishop. The monks who came to live there came from the towns of Amorbach and Fulda.

In the 12th century the abbey flourished. This was the time of Bishop Otto of Bamberg. The abbey started to become more independent of the bishop.

The abbey went through hard times during the wars around 1525. In the 17th and 18th centuries it went through better times again. When the bishops lost their political power in 1803 the abbey started to belong to the town. The people asked for the almshouses in the town to be moved to the St Michael abbey. There is still a home for old people there today.

Inside the church
Inside the church

Behind the altar is the tomb of Bishop Otto of Bamberg which dates from 1443. There is a hole in the middle of the tomb which is just big enough for a person to crawl through. Visitors to the church like to crawl through the hole, because it is said that it helps people who have backache.

The roof of the nave has paintings of 580 different kinds of plants. These include plants from faraway countries, e.g. pineapple, cotton, pomegranate and tobacco as well as plants that are found locally. The paintings date from the 17th century. Many of the plants were grown in the herb gardens around the church.

In the side isles of the church the ceiling has more paintings. These include paintings of birds.

Buildings and structures in Bamberg
Churches in Germany
Religious buildings and structures in Bavaria
12th-century buildings and structures‎
Punta Arenas (lit. Sandy Point) is the capital of Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region and the largest city in the region. It has the 1% (about 124246 people) of the total population. It is located at comuna (municipality) of Magallanes, and geographically at Brunswich Peninsula (53° 10' S 70° 56'W).

Images

References

Other websites 
Interactive map

Cities in Chile
Capitals of Chilean regions
Magallanes Region
Santiago Rusiñol i Prats (, ; Barcelona 25 February 1861 – Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a  Catalan naturalist painter, author, and playwright.

He was born in Barcelona in 1861, and died in Aranjuez in 1931 while painting its famous gardens.

He influenced Pablo Picasso as a modern artist, and also left a lot of modernist buildings in Sitges, a town from Catalonia very influenced by that artist.
He was a modernist artist and there is a street in Sant Cugat del Vallés, a town near Barcelona, with his name.

1861 births
1931 deaths
Spanish painters
Spanish writers
A slaughterhouse, also called by the French word abattoir, is a building where farm animals are killed and turned into meat. The animals most often slaughtered for food are cows (for beef and veal), sheep (for lamb and mutton), pigs (for pork), fowl (including chicken and waterfowl such as ducks and geese), and horses (for horsemeat).

Agricultural buildings
Animal rights
Death
Alfons Schuhbeck was born on 2 May 1949 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria, Germany. He is one of Germany’s top chefs, as well as being a writer, restaurateur, TV cook and businessman.

Born as Alfons Karg, he trained as a telecommunications engineer, but was not happy. When he stopped at the Bavarian holiday resort of Waging, he ran into the restaurateur Sebastian Schuhbeck. He began working for Schuhbeck, and Sebastian Schubeck later adopted Alfons, and made him his heir.

Alfons quickly became a very good chef. The village inn he worked at soon became a favourite restaurant of the richer people of Munich and Salzburg.

He did more training in Salzburg, Geneva, Paris, London and Munich as well as Feinkost Käfer, Dallmayr and in the Restaurant Aubergine of Eckart Witzigmann. He also studied at the College of Hotel Management in Bad Reichenhall in Bavaria. He finally took over the Kurhausstüberl in Waging in 1980.
In 1983 he got a star in the Michelin Guide. The Gault Millau restaurant guide gave him 17 points and in 1989 he was elected cook of the year.

Since 1990 Schubeck has operated an outside catering service, which has catered for many high-class events like the Federal Chancellor’s celebration, the Ball des Sports and the German music industry’s ECHO award ceremony.

In 2003 he opened a new restaurant, the Südtiroler Stuben at the Platzl in Munich. In December of that year he was won his second Michelin star, and in November 2005 he was awarded got a star once again in December 2003, the Five Star Diamond Award by the American Academy of Hospitality Sciences.

His great popularity has resulted in his publishing over 20 books, as well as many TV shows. Bayerischer Rundfunk has broadcast his programme Schuhbecks since 1993, and he remains a regular guest in many talk and other TV shows.
Scandal
During the 1990s Schuhbeck had DM 60 million for capital investments. Because he was the only person in charge of millions of DM in Monte Carlo, Monaco Schuhbeck was taken to court on the suspicion of fraud. Although unusual, what he did was not illegal, and he was exonerated.

Businesses 
At the end of the 1990s he set up Schuhbecks GmbH at the Platzl. This company now includes the restaurant Schuhbeck, a wine bistro, the party service, a cookery school, a spice shop and an ice-cream parlour. These are all based in Munich. Schuhbeck Check Inn GmbH was formed in 2001 to manage the Check Inn restaurant and the bar in Egelsbach (south Hesse).

References

Other websites 
 
 Official Website
 Alfons Schuhbeck Palazzo Munich
 Schuhbeck´s Check Inn GmbH
 Schuhbeck´s Onlineshop 
 TV Bavaria's Biography 
 Schuhbecks Cookery School 
 Who is Who der Köche
 Portrait über Alfons Schuhbeck
 

1949 births
Living people
Chefs
German entertainers
German television personalities
People from Bavaria
Restaurateurs
Skatval is a small village in the municipality of Stjørdal in the province Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. The nature is quite varied; forest, fiords, hills, mountains and farms.

Villages in Norway
Trøndelag
Gefjun (or Gefjon, Gefion) is one of the Æsir in Norse mythology. This name could be from Old Norse geð fiá meaning "chaste" is one of the Asynjur in Norse mythology. She appears only a few times in surviving sources. Medieval sources talk of her mainly as a goddess of chastity. However, modern scholarship suggests that she may originally have been a fertility goddess connected with ritual plowing, and even that she was originally the same fertility goddess as Freyja.

It has also been suggested that she is the origin of Grendel's mother who appears in the epic poem Beowulf.

References

Norse mythology
The Stade de France is a multipurpose stadium in Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France made in 1995 and opened in 1998. It can hold 80,698 people and is just outside Paris.

References

Other websites 

 Stade de France Website
 Stats for all rugby matches played at the Stade de France 
 Rugby World Cup 2007
 Le Stade de France 3D model (GoogleSketchup) 

1998 establishments in France
Football stadiums in France
Saint-Denis
The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) is a cricket and Australian Rules Football stadium in Melbourne, Australia. It has a capacity of 100,000. It was used as the main stadium for the 1956 Summer Olympics.

The Melbourne Cricket Club started to use the area for cricket in 1853. Their old ground, now Southbank, was often flooded by the Yarra River, and was also in the way of a new railway line. In 1859, the first game of Australian Rules Football was played at the ground.

The MCG is run by a trust. The first chairman of the trust was the first Premier of Victoria, William Haines.

References

Cricket in Oceania
Australian Football League
Sports buildings in Australia
Buildings and structures in Melbourne
1853 establishments in Oceania
1850s establishments in Australia
Olympic venues
Tanning is the process of turning animal skin (often called "hide") into leather.  Tanning makes the skin tougher and often changes its color.  Tanning helps make the animal skin become more flexible and less vulnerable to bacteria damage.

Before tanning an animal skin, the animal must be killed and skinned before the body heat of the animal leaves the animal's body. Next, tissue on the inside of the skin and hairs on the outside are removed.  Salt in the skin is removed and the skins are soaked in water ffor six hours to two days.

The actual process of tanning is done by soaking the leather in a bath of Chromium III sulphate ([Cr(H2O)6]2(SO4)3). In past centuries a natural substance called tannin was used, which was got from oak or fir trees.
The whole process is very smelly, and tanneries are often placed at the edges of towns. The runoff from tanning plants into rivers is a major cause of pollution. This can be prevented by methods of water treatment adapted to the outflow of tannery liquids. Developing countries may lack this methodology, even though World Bank grants are available for water treatment facilities. A private-sector trade association may give technical information about clean technologies.

A tanner is someone whose job is tanning.  

A tannery is the place where the tanners worked with the animal skins.

References

More reading
 

Manufacturing
Romanesque architecture is a term that describes the style of architecture which was used in Europe from the late 10th century until the 12th century when it changed to the Gothic style. The Romanesque style in England is called Norman architecture.

Buildings in the Romanesque style have very thick walls and round arches,  Castles and churches or cathedrals were built in this style.  Some of them are still standing.

Other websites
Círculo Románico - Visigothic, Mozarabic and Romanesque art 

Architectural styles
A bypass is a road or highway that goes around a town or village so that traffic which is passing that town does not have to go through the town centre.

Bypasses are good because they reduces the amount of traffic in the centre where the people live and work.  It makes it much safer for them to cross the roads, and reduces pollution.  It is better for the vehicles passing the town because their journey is made quicker.

People are not always happy when a bypass is built.  The main objections people sometimes have is that a new road uses up a lot of land.  Also, some people who have businesses in the town (especially filling stations and restaurants) may think that they will not get so many customers.

If there are no strong rules that control the use of land, buildings are built along a bypass, making it an ordinary town road so that it might become just as busy as a town street again.

A road that goes all the way around the town in a large circle is called a ring road.  The M25 is a ring road for London.
The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (also known in German as the Main-Danube Canal, RMD Canal or Europa Canal) is a canal that joins up the three rivers Rhine, Main and Danube so that boats can travel from one to the other. It is in Bavaria in the south of Germany. It goes from Bamberg, past Nuremberg, to Regensburg. It was finished in 1992. Boats can now travel from Rotterdam in the Netherlands all the way to the Black Sea. The canal is 171km (106 miles) long. 

A previous "Ludwig Canal" connected the Danube to the Main from the middle 19th century until it was damaged in World War II and abandoned. 

From Bamberg to Fürth the canal follows the valley of the Regnitz, a tributary of the Main. From Fuerth to beyond Roth it follows the valley of the Rednitz, a tributary of the Regnitz. It crosses the Frankish Alb mountains and joins the river Altmuehl near Dietfurt. From Dietfurt to Kelheim on the Danube the canal follows the Altmuehl valley.

Buildings and structures in Bavaria
Canals in Germany
Bypass can have several meanings.  It always means: going round something in order to avoid it.

Bypass can also mean:

Bypass (computing), in computing, avoiding security features in hacking, or changing what one does in troubleshooting
Bypass (effect), in effects units, a switch that allows sound processing to be "turned off" to get a "dry", unprocessed sound output
Bypass (road), road or highway that goes round a town or village
Bypass (surgical), creating an alternate route for blood flow or food (e.g. a heart bypass)
Bypass surgery, specific types of surgical bypass
Bypass (telecommunications) can mean many things
Bypass (valve), in diving, a valve in rebreathers to bypass the flow rate control valve
Bypass duct, passage in turbofan aircraft engines that allows airflow to bypass the engine core
Bleach bypass, in film processing, an optical effect reducing saturation, increasing contrast, and giving a pastel look
Bezirk Mitte or Mitte von Berlin is the most central borough of Berlin (Bezirk is German for borough, Mitte is German for centre).

Most of Berlin's historic centre is in Bezirk Mitte. Some of the most important tourist sites of Berlin (like the Pergamon Museum, Brandenburg Gate, Charité and the Reichstag), are all in Mitte, and most were in East Berlin.

In 2001, Berlin's boroughs were reorganized. The old East Berlin borough of Mitte, was joined with the boroughs of Wedding, once in the French Sector, and Tiergarten which had been in the British sector before. The new borough (both of which formerly belonged to West Berlin) to form the new Mitte borough. The new borough has an area of . In 2003, it had about 320,700 inhabitants. The districts in Mitte are Gesundbrunnen, Hansaviertel, Mitte, Moabit, Tiergarten and Wedding.

The current mayor is Christian Hanke (SPD).

Other websites 

 Official homepage 
 Official homepage of Berlin
B'Day Anthology Video Album is a video album, released by the American R&B singer-songwriter Beyoncé. It was released alongside B'Day Deluxe Edition on April 3, 2007.

Track listing 

2007 albums
Beyoncé albums
Upgrade U is an R&B/hip hop song written by Beyoncé Knowles.

Formats and track listings 
12" single I
 "Upgrade U" (album version) – 4:32
 "Upgrade U" (instrumental) - 4:32
 "Upgrade U" (album version - no rap) - 4:02
 "Upgrade U" (a cappella) - 4:32

12" single II
 "Upgrade U" (album version) – 4:32
 "Creole" - 3:53
 "Lost Yo Mind" – 3:47
 "Back Up" - 3:27

Charts

Notes and references

2006 songs
Beyoncé songs
Jay-Z songs
This is the discography, certification, and music video information of American R&B singer Beyoncé. She has released six studio albums, five live albums, three compilation albums, five EPs, one soundtrack album, two karaoke albums and 80 singles. She has sold over 120 million records as a solo artist, and 60 million more with Destiny's Child.

CD

DVD

Single
CD

DVD

Single

Extras 
 "Sexy Little Thug"
 "I Can't Take No More" (produced by Mario Winans) (was made available as a bonus download on Beyoncé's official site)
 "I Know" (written by B. Knowles, J. Gordon, K. Mack, L. Owens, E. Cortes)  re-recorded by Destiny's Child, appears on the Fighting Temptations soundtrack and on Michelle Williams' 2004 album Do You Know.
 "My First Time" (written by N. Knowles, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo)  (appears on Live at Wembley)
 "My Man" (written by B. Knowles, Angela Beyince, Waller Robert, Scott Storch)  (appears on Destiny's Child's Destiny Fulfilled Wal-Mart bonus disc)
 "Summertime"
 "What's It Gonna Be"
 "Wishing on a Star", a 1977 Rose Royce cover (appears on Live at Wembley and the Roll Bounce soundtrack; was also used to promote Knowles' fragrance "True Star")
 "Until The End Of Time"

Other 
 "Amor Gitano"
 "I'm Leaving" (written by Beyoncé Knowles, DJ Envy)
 Speak My Mind (mixtape)

Music videos

Related pages
 Destiny's Child discography

References
References 

Discographies of American artists
discography
Setlist 
 "Crazy in love" / "Crazy Interlude"
 "Freakum Dress"
 "Green Light"
 Costume Change
 "Baby Boy" / "Murder He Wrote" Interlude
 "Beautiful Liar"
 "Naughty Girl"
 "Me, Myself and I"
 Costume Change
 "Dangerously In Love / "He Loves Me" Interlude
  "Flaws And All"
 Costume Change
 Destiny's Child Medley: "Independent Women Part I" / "Bootylicious" / "No No No Part 2" / "Bug a Boo" / "Bills, Bills, Bills" / "Cater 2 U" / "Say My Name" / "Jumpin' Jumpin'" / "Soldier" / "Survivor"
 "Speechless"
 Costume Change
 "Ring the Alarm"
 "Suga Mama"
 "Upgrade U"
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
 "Check On It"
 "Déjà vu"
 Costume Change
 "Get Me Bodied"
 Costume Change
 "Dreamgirls (Opening Act II)"
 "Listen"
 "Irreplaceable"
 In Japan, "Flaws and All" was not performed. "Get Me Bodied" was performed after "Check On It".
 In Australia, "Deja Vu" was the last song performed.
 During the Europe and Middle East leg of the tour, "Speechless" was not performed.
Tour dates

References 

Beyoncé concert tours
2007 in music
"Beautiful Liar" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira.

Track listing
UK CD-single 1
 Beautiful Liar (Album version) – 3:19
 Beautiful Liar (Freemasons Remix Edit) – 3:27

UK CD-single 2
 Beautiful Liar (Album version)
 Beautiful Liar (Freemasons Remix Edit)
 Irreplaceable (Maurice Joshua Remix)
 Deja Vu (Freemasons Remix)
 Beautiful Liar (Video)

Charts

References

2007 songs
Beyoncé songs
Shakira songs
A DNA polymerase is an enzyme which makes DNA molecules from its nucleotide building blocks. DNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication. They usually work in pairs as they copy one double-stranded DNA molecule into two double-stranded DNAs. In DNA replication DNA polymerase "reads" a piece of DNA that's already there and uses it to make a new piece that is exactly the same as the old piece.The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations. 

DNA polymerases also play key roles in other processes within cells, including DNA repair, genetic recombination, reverse transcription, and antibody production. DNA polymerases are widely used in molecular biology laboratories, notably for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and molecular cloning.
DNA polymerase can only connect deoxyribonucleotides to a 3'-OH group that is already there, so DNA is always made in the 5'3' direction.

DNA
Enzymes
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician of Georgian origin. He is the 12th and current President of Turkey, he took office in 2014. Before that, he was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014. He is the chairman of the ruling Justice and Development Party since 2001 which he founded that year. Erdoğan was Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998.

Erdoğan was a semi-professional footballer from 1969 to 1982. The stadium of the local football club of the Istanbul district he grew up in, Kasımpaşa S.K. is named after him.

Erdoğan married Emine Gülbaran (b. 1955, Siirt) on 4 July 1978. The couple have two sons (Ahmet Burak, Necmeddin Bilal) and two daughters (Esra, Sümeyye).

The 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt tried to overthrow President Erdogan.

Notes

References

1954 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Dictators
Mayors of Istanbul
Turkish ‎Muslims
Presidents of Turkey
Prime Ministers of Turkey
Abū Ṭālib ibn ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib (; –), né ‘Imran ) or ‘Abd Manaf (), was the leader of Banu Hashim, a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hejaz, Arabian Peninsula. After the death of his father ‘Abd al-Muttalib, he got this position and the offices of Siqaya and Rifada.  He was well respected in Mecca even though he was not very rich.

Abu Talib was an uncle of the Islamic Nabi (, Prophet) Muhammad, and father of the Rashid Caliph ‘Ali, who is also thought as the first Shi'ite Imam. There is a great debate among Muslim scholars on whether Abū Ṭālib died a Muslim or a non-Muslim.

Abū Ṭālib died around 619, at more than 80 years of age, about 10 years after the start of Muhammad's mission. This year is known as the Year of Sorrow for Muhammad, because not only did his uncle Abu Talib die, but also his wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, within a month of Abu Talib.

References

539 births
619 deaths
Family of Muhammad
Doom 2 (or Doom II in roman numerals) is a sequel to the first-person shooter video game Doom. It was created by iD Software, and came out in 1994, just one year after the first game. It was based on the same game engine as Doom, and had 32 levels, two of them secret. Doom 2 got newer enemies and weapons. Enemies new in Doom 2 include the Arch-vile, Mancubus, Arachnotron, Chaingunner, Pain Elemental, Revenant, Hell Knight, and the Final Boss (also called the Icon of Sin). The only new weapon in Doom 2 is the Super Shotgun. It is a double-barrel shotgun that use two shotgun shells every time it is fired, but it does three times as much damage as the normal Shotgun and has a much wider hit box. The game's difficulty is much harder than the first Doom game.

Doom 2 includes an expansion pack known as the Master Levels for Doom II. The expansion pack has 20 WAD files created by various authors under contract with id Software.
Doom 2 also includes another expansion pack called No Rest for the Living, released on the Xbox Live Arcade for the Xbox 360.

1994 video games
DOS games
Video game sequels
Doom video games
A deathmatch (shortened to DM) is a common gameplay mode included in many shooter and real-time strategy (RTS) computer games and "MilSim" games like airsoft and paintball. The goal of a deathmatch game is to kill as many other players as possible.

Video game gameplay

de:Spielmodus (Computerspiel)#Deathmatch
Samaná Bay (Spanish, Bahía de Samaná) is a big bay in the northeast of the Dominican Republic, south of the Samaná Peninsula. Christopher Columbus gave the name of "Golfo de las Flechas" (Gulf of Arrows) to the bay.

It has about  east-west and  north-south. The Yuna river, one of the most important of the Hispaniola island, flows into the bay. Other rivers that flow into the bay are the Barracote and the Yabón.

There are many cays (very small and flat islands) in the bay, many of them with beautiful beaches visited by many tourists; Levantado Cay (Spanish, Cayo Levantado) is big enough to have a hotel.

On the southwest coast there is a national park: National Park Los Haitises, with many interesting plants and animals.
Dolphins are common in the bay most of the year. Humpback whales come from northern, cold waters to Samaná Bay to breed during winter and spring; then, they return to cold waters where food is more abundant. Whale watching is an important business in the Samaná Province in late winter and early spring.

France, England and United States were interested in the Samaná Bay (with the Samaná Peninsula) during the 19th century to control the Caribbean. Before that time, pirates were frequent visitors.

The most important cities around the bay are Santa Bárbara de Samaná and Sánchez on the north, in the Samaná Province province; and Sabana de la Mar, on the south, in the Hato Mayor Province province. Sánchez was the most important international port of the Dominican Republic during the 19th century and early 20th century.

Gallery

References

Bodies of water of North America
Geography of the Dominican Republic
Bays
Halibut is a kind of flatfish often used for food. There are two different kinds of halibut - Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). The halibut from the Atlantic ocean has been overfished.

Their names come from haly (holy) and butt (flat fish), because it is said people like to eat them on Catholic holy-days.

References

Other websites 

 International Pacific Halibut Commission 
 Alaska Department of Fish & Game

Flatfish
Edible fish
Sola is a Japanese anime series initially written by the Kanon main writer, Naoki Hisaya together with the original character designer Naru Nanao. Sola started as a manga which was featured in the magazine Dengeki Daioh on December 21, 2006 by MediaWorks. As of August 2007, the manga is still being serialized, with Chaki Abeno as the illustrator. A drama CD was later released on December 31, 2006 at Comiket 71. The anime version of the series aired in Japan from April 7, 2007 to June 30, 2007, containing a total of thirteen episodes and two additional episodes currently being released exclusively for the DVD. An extra drama CD together with a video game title for the PlayStation 2 console are also planned. The title, Sola, comes from the Italian/Spanish language solo (which translates literally to alone). The title of series, sounds the same with the Japanese word .

Other websites 
 Official website

References 

Anime
Ornithischia is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds.

The name Ornithischia, or "bird-hipped", reflects this similarity and is derived from the Greek stem ornith- (ὀρνιθ-), meaning "of a bird", and ischion (ἴσχιον), plural ischia, meaning "hip joint". However, birds are only distantly related to this group as birds are theropod dinosaurs.

Overview 

Ornithischians with well known anatomical adaptations include the ceratopsians or "horn-faced" dinosaurs, the pachycephalosaurs or "thick-headed" dinosaurs, the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) such as stegosaurs and ankylosaurs, and the ornithopods.

There is strong evidence that certain groups of ornithischians lived in herds, often segregated by age group, with juveniles forming their own flocks separate from adults.
Some were at least partially covered in filamentous pelts, and there is much debate over whether these filaments found in specimens of Tianyulong, Psittacosaurus, and Kulindadromeus may have been primitive feathers.

Fossil works 

They are known as the 'bird-hipped' dinosaurs because of their hip structure. However, birds actually descended from the 'lizard-hipped' dinosaurs, the Saurischia. The name "Ornithischia" means "bird-hipped," and birds also have pelvises in which the pubis points backwards. 

An alternative name for the order is the Predentata, because all of them are beaked herbivorous dinosaurs. The beak is in front of the jaw-bone, the dentary, so it is a 'predentary'. The upper half of the beak is the 'premaxilla' on the end of the upper jaw. The beak is a key adaptation for cropping plants for their food.
Their original (basal) form of locomotion was bipedal. However, from early in their evolutionary history, they were capable of both bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion. Several groups became entirely quadrupedal. 

A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships might upset this summary.

The ornithischia has two sub-orders:
Thyreophora: the armoured dinosaurs: Ankylosaurs and Stegosaurs.
Cerapoda: the duck-billed and horned dinosaurs.

Plants 
Their vegetarian diet included:
Seed ferns: Pteridospermatophyta. Upper Triassic, Jurassic. 
Cycads and other woody seed plants, common during Mesozoic period.
Gymnosperms (conifers): Jurassic, Cretaceous.
Angiosperms (flowering plants): Cretaceous
Algae in the form of seaweed: no direct evidence, but likely.

This group of dinosaurs would not be able to reach the taller conifers. The other main group of vegetarian dinosaurs, the sauropodomorphs, were specialists able to reach vegetation on the tall trees.

Related pages 
Saurischia
Fabrosauridae
Heterodontosaur
Miss Earth is an annual international beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness.

The reigning titleholders dedicate their year to school tours, tree planting activities, street campaigns, coastal clean ups, speaking engagements, shopping mall tours, media guesting, environmental fair, storytelling programs, eco-fashion shows, and other activities.

Titleholders

References

Other websites
Miss Earth official homepage

Earth
Krauchthal is a village in the Canton of Bern. It is about halfway between Burgdorf and Bern, about 15 km northeast of the city of Bern. The commune of Krauchthal is made of the villages Krauchthal (with Hub and Dieterswald), and Hettiswil. The name of the settlements was mentioned during the Middle Ages. Krauchthal in 1208, Hettiswil in 1107, Hub and Dieterswald in 1326, Thorberg in 1196. In 2006, 2345 people lived there. In Thorberg, there is a castle. This has been converted to a prison.

References

Other websites 

 Website of the commune of Krauchthal (German)

Municipalities in Emmental
Dangerously in Love is the debut studio album by American recording artist Beyoncé, released on June 20, 2003 by Columbia Records. During the recording of Destiny's Child's third studio album, Survivor (2001), the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released. Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios, whilst Destiny's Child were on a break.

Track listing
Track listing

Notes
 signifies a co-producer
 signifies a vocal producer
 "Crazy in Love" samples "Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)" (1970) by the Chi-Lites
 "Naughty Girl" contains interpolations from "Love to Love You Baby" (1975) by Donna Summer
 "Baby Boy" contains interpolations from "Hot Stepper" (1990) by Ini Kamoze
 "Be with You" samples "Ain't Nothing I Can Do" (1979) Tyrone Davis and contains interpolations from "I'd Rather Be with You" (1976) by Bootsy's Rubber Band and "Strawberry Letter 23" (1977) by the Brothers Johnson
 "That's How You Like It" contains interpolations from "I Like It" (1982) by DeBarge
 "Gift from Virgo" samples "Rainy Day" (1974) by Shuggie Otis
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" contains interpolations from "If I Was Your Girlfriend" (1987) by Prince and samples of "Me and My Girlfriend" (1996) by 2Pac
 "What's It Gonna Be" samples "Do It Roger" (1981) by Roger Troutman
Unreleased Tracks
 "I Can't Take No More" (Beyoncé Knowles, Mario Winans, Sean Combs, V. Smith, T. Shropshire, S. Jordan, Angela Beyince)
 "Ice Cream" (Beyoncé Knowles, Soul Diggaz)
 "My Man" (Beyoncé Knowles, Angela Beyince, Waller Robert, Scott Storch) (later appeared on the Wal-Mart edition of Destiny Fulfilled)
 "Settle 4 U" (Beyoncé Knowles, Shawn Carter, Makeda Davis, Bryce Wilson)
 "Sexuality" (Beyoncé Knowles, LL Cool J)

Personnel