Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Kendall Francois (July 26, 1971 – September 11, 2014) was an American serial killer. Francois was born in Poughkeepsie, New York. He killed eight female prostitutes between October 1996 and August 1998 in Poughkeepsie, New York. He would strangle his victims and hide their dead bodies inside his home. The victims were aged between 25 and 51. For these crimes, he was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole on August 11, 2000. He served his jail time at the Wende Correctional Facility in Alden, New York.

Francois died from apparent natural causes on September 11, 2014 at the Wende Correctional Facility, aged 43.

References

Other websites
 Kendall Francois at Murderpedia
 Kendall Francois  at Criminal Library 

1971 births
2014 deaths
African-American people
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American serial killers
Criminals from New York (state)
People who died in prison custody
People with HIV/AIDS
People from Poughkeepsie, New York
William Hamilton Dalrymple (b. 1965) is a British writer and historian.

He has written a number of books, especially on the history of India, like The Age of Kali (1998), The White Mughals (2002), The Last Mughal (2006) and some others.

References

1965 births
Living people
Scottish historians
Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) was a famous English explorer, writer, translator, ethnologist, spy and soldier.
 

He traveled a lot in Asia, Africa and the Americas. As a spy for the British government, he was also among the very few Western Christian people who secretly managed to visit the Islamic holy city of Mecca, in Arabia, at the time of the Hajj 

He is also famous for his English language translation of the Arabic book, One Thousand and One Nights (also called The Arabian Nights).

References

1821 births
1890 deaths
English scientists
English writers
English explorers
British ethnologists
Margaret Palm (born ca. 1836) was an African-American woman. She lived in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania with her husband and son during the middle nineteenth century. She was a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. She was called "Maggie Bluecoat" for the blue military uniform coat (ca. 1812) she wore while guiding slaves to safety. She always carried a gun to protect herself and her passengers.

Palm was so notorious for helping slaves escape that on several occasions slave-owners from Maryland attempted to kidnap her and sell her into slavery to put an end to her practices. David Schick, whose father was Palm’s employer, recounted one of these episodes:
“She lived up Long Lane, back of the old fair grounds. On this occasion she was attacked by a group of men who made the attempt to kidnap her and take her south where they expected to sell her and derive quite a profit. She was a powerful woman, and they would have, from the sale, derived quite a profit. These men succeeded in tying Mag’s hands...She was fighting them as best as she could with her hands tied. She would attempt to slow them and succeeded in one instance in catching [an attacker’s] thumb in her mouth and bit the thumb off. John Karseen, who was crippled and ran a novelty shop on Baltimore Street, happened along at just the right time and by using his crutch was able to assist Mag in her fight with these kidnappers and drove them off and freed her from her bonds.” She escaped. When she heard the two strangers had returned to Gettysburg, she ran home and got a shotgun.

References

Slaves
People from Pennsylvania
Year of death missing
1836 births
Joseph Leslie "Joe" Sample (February 1, 1939 – September 12, 2014) was an American pianist, keyboard player and composer. He was one of the founding members of the Jazz Crusaders. 

Sample died in Houston, Texas, on September 12, 2014. He was 75 years old.

References

Other websites
 Yahoo! Music – Joe Sample Albums
 Biography at Verve Records

1939 births
2014 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American conductors
Musicians from Houston
Kamal Ganzouri (, ‎; 12 January 1933 – 31 March 2021) was an Egyptian economist and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He was also prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He succeeded Atef Sedki and was succeeded by Atef Ebeid. He was called Minister of the Poor and the Opposition Minister. This was because of how he dealt with poor people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister, Ganzouri was Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers made him prime minister. He took office on 7 December 2011.

Ganzouri died in Cairo on 31 March 2021 at the age of 88.

References

1933 births
2021 deaths
Economists
Prime Ministers of Egypt
Wild at Heart is a 1990 American crime thriller movie. It is about a young couple from Cape Fear, North Carolina who go on the run. Nicolas Cage plays Sailor, Laura Dern plays Lula Fortune, Diane Ladd plays Marietta, Isabella Rossellini plays Perdita.

This movie was released on August 17, 1990. It got mostly good reviews by the critics.

Other websites 

1990 crime thriller movies
1990s road movies
American crime thriller movies
American road movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies about couples
Movies directed by David Lynch
Wild Camp (French title: Camping sauvage) is a 2005 French drama movie. It was released on DVD on February 13, 2007. It is about Camille, a 17 year old girl who lives in a holiday camp with her family and her boyfriend Fred.

This movie was nominated for a Golden Zenith at the Montréal World Film Festival.

Other websites 

French movies
2005 movies
2000s drama movies
Sarah Moore Grimké (November 26, 1792 – December 23, 1873) was an American abolitionist and feminist.  Grimké was born in South Carolina. She died in 1873.

1792 births
1873 deaths
American abolitionists
American feminists
Joseph Clois Shivers, Jr. (November 29, 1920 – September 1, 2014) was an American textile chemist. He was from West Chester, Pennsylvania. Shivers was best known for developing Spandex.

On September 1, 2014, Shivers died in Venice, Florida, aged 93.

References

1920 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
Scientists from New Jersey
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Adam Berti (born July 1, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. Berti played 2 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Blackhawks. He also played for the Pensacola Ice Pilots, Fresno Falcons, and Gwinnett Gladiators of the ECHL.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Berti played 4 seasons with the Oshawa Generals and 1 season with the Erie Otters of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 68th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. On May 26, 2006, the Blackhawks signed Berti to a three-year contract.

He was assigned to the Blackhawks' AHL-affiliate, Norfolk Admirals. He played 1 season with them. When the Blackhawks switched their affiliate to the Rockford IceHogs, he was assigned to them. On April 4, 2008, the Blackhawks recalled Berti from the IceHogs.  He played 2 games with them and was assigned back to the IceHogs on April 8, 2008.
He played 1 season with the Fresno Falcons and 2 seasons with the Gwinnett Gladiators of the ECHL. He retired afterwards.

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Norfolk Admirals players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Sportspeople from Ontario
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Ontario Hockey League players
Arch Alfred Moore, Jr. (April 16, 1923 – January 7, 2015) was an American politician and former lawyer. He began his political career as a state legislator in 1952. He was elected the 28th and 30th Governor of West Virginia from 1969 until 1977 and again from 1985 until 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party. His daughter, Shelley Moore Capito, is the current senator of West Virginia.

He was eventually prosecuted for and pleaded guilty to five felony charges. In 1990 he was sentenced to five years and ten months in prison. He served over three years before his release.

References

Other websites

Biography of Arch A. Moore, Jr. 
Inaugural address of Arch A. Moore, Jr. (1969) 
Inaugural address of Arch A. Moore, Jr. (1973) 
Inaugural address of Arch A. Moore, Jr. (1985)
1923 births
2015 deaths
American Methodists
American military personnel of World War II
Governors of West Virginia
Purple Heart recipients
United States representatives from West Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from West Virginia
Military people from West Virginia
John "Sonny" Franzese, Sr. (February 6, 1917 – February 24, 2020) was an Italian-American longtime member and underboss of the Colombo crime family. Franzese was famous as the oldest active member of the American Mafia. Franzese was an associate producer of the 2002 movie This Thing of Ours.

Franzese was born in Naples and raised in New York City.

Franzese was released from the Federal Medical Center in Devens, Massachusetts on June 23, 2017, at the age of 100.

Franzese died on February 24, 2020, in a New York City hospital at the age of 103.

References

Other websites
La Cosa Nostra – State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation 1989 Report- The Colombo/Persico/Orena Family

1917 births
2020 deaths
American centenarians
American prisoners
American robbers
Criminals from New York City
Movie producers from New York City

Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Naples
Gisèle Casadesus (14 June 1914 – 24 September 2017) was a French actress. She was known for her roles in Du Guesclin, Verdict, The Children of the Marshland, What Love May Bring, and in My Afternoons with Marguerite.

She was an honorary member of the Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française, Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and Grand-Croix of the National Order of Merit. Her career has lasted for nearly 80 years.

Casadesus died on 24 September 2017 in Paris of respiratory failure at the age of 103.

References

Other websites

 
 The Casadesus Family 
 Gisèle Casadesus at the Comédie-Française 

1914 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Paris
French centenarians
French movie actors
Diane Birch (born January 24, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter. Her album, Bible Belt, was released in 2009. Her second album, Speak a Little Louder, was released in 2013.

She was born in Michigan.

References

Musicians from Michigan
1983 births
Living people
Adrianne Palicki (born May 6, 1983) is an American actress. She was born in Toledo, Ohio.

Palicki has acted in both television series and movies. She was in the television series Friday Night Lights (2006–2011) and  Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014–2016). She acted in Legion (2010), Red Dawn (2012), G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013), and John Wick (2014).

References 

Actors from Toledo, Ohio
American movie actors
American television actors
1983 births
Living people
Betty Schrampfer Azar is an expert on teaching and learning English grammar. She wrote the Azar Grammar Series for students of English as a second or foreign language. This series is used by teachers and students all over the world. It has been very popular for more than thirty years.

Azar thinks teaching grammar is a good way to teach a new language. Students should start by learning about grammar, and that will help them learn all language skills — speaking, listening, writing, and reading.
 
There are four editions of Azar's book series. Stacy A. Hagen became Azar's co-author 2006, so now the books are called the Azar-Hagen Grammar Series.

There are three main textbooks in the series:
 Understanding and Using English Grammar,
 Fundamentals of English Grammar
 Basic English Grammar.

References

Other websites
 AzarGrammar.com 
 Betty Schrampfer overview At WorldCat

American teachers
Living people
The American Bobtail is a breed of cat.  It has a short "bobbed" tail about one-third to one-half the length of a normal cat's tail. This is because of a genetic mutation that affects the way their tail develops. This mutation also happens with the Manx cat.   

The American Bobtail looks like the Japanese Bobtail, but they are not in the same cat breed family. The genetic mutations for their bobbed tails are different because the gene for the American Bobtail's tail is dominant and the Japanese Bobtail's is recessive.

Appearance 

American Bobtails can have either short or long-haired fur coats. Their coat is shaggy instead of fluffy. They can have any color of eyes and coat. They look like a "wild" tabby cat. Their eyes are almond shaped.  They have a long and strong body. Their tail is short, but the end of it can be seen above their back. It can be straight or curved, slightly knotted or may have bumps. These cats take two to three years to grow from kittens into adult cats.
Behavior 
American Bobtails are playful and have a lot of energy. They are friendly and are not shy. These cats are intelligent. Some have been clever enough to escape from rooms and cages with closed and latched doors. Since they are playful and want attention, they will beg for it by meowing or just by hopping into laps.

History 
An urban legend says that Bobtail cats began by cross mating a domestic tabby cat and a wild bobcat.  Their unusual tail is really an accidental genetic mutation in the cat world. It  may be related to the Manx gene, which is also dominant. The first Bobtail cat's parents were a short-tailed brown tabby cat male named Yodie and a seal point Siamese female in the late 1960s. This cat was born in Arizona near an American Indian reservation. Yodie's family breed was not known.  It was thought to have been a bobcat and domestic cat hybrid because of its stubby tail. 

The breed was first recognized by The International Cat Association in the United States, in 1989.

References
References

Other websites 
 
American Bobtail Breeders Association 
American Bobtail Guide 

Cat breeds
Chromosomes
Meghan Elizabeth Trainor (born December 22, 1993) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She was born and raised in Nantucket, Massachusetts. The president of Epic Records, L.A. Reid, discovered Trainor and signed her to a record contract.  She became famous through her song "All About That Bass", which reached number one in several countries around the world, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. Trainor's debut major label album, Title, spawned three other successful singles: "Lips Are Movin'", "Dear Future Husband", and "Like I'm Gonna Lose You" which features R&B singer John Legend. Trainor also recorded, co-wrote, and co-produced the song "Better When I'm Dancin'", which is featured during the closing credits of The Peanuts Movie. She was featured on singer-songwriter Charlie Puth's single "Marvin Gaye".
At the 2016 Grammy Awards, Trainor won the award for Best New Artist. On March 5, 2016, she released the lead single from her second major-label album, Thank You, titled "No". Thank You was released on May 13, 2016. "Me Too" was released on May 5, 2016, as the second single from the album.

In 2017, she became engaged to actor Daryl Sabara, who is known for his role in the movie Spy Kids, after dating since 2016. In 2018, she released the single "No Excuses" and announced that she was working on a new album. That year, she and Sabara were married and they have a son, Riley born in 2020.

Discography
Studio albums
Title (2015)
Thank You (2016)
 Treat Myself (2020)
 A Very Trainor Christmas (2020)
 Takin' It Back (2022)

References

Other websites
 Official website
1993 births
Living people
American feminists
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Massachusetts
American contemporary R&B singers
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American doo-wop singers
American soul singers
American blue-eyed soul singers
American hip hop singers
Sarah Waters (born 21 July 1966) is a Welsh novelist. She is known for novels set in the Victorian era and featuring lesbian protagonists. Her books include Tipping the Velvet and The Night Watch.

She was born in Neyland, Pembrokeshire, Wales. She is openly lesbian and lives in London.

References

Lesbians
LGBT novelists
Welsh LGBT people
Welsh writers
1966 births
Living people
Kjell Stefan Löfven (born 21 July 1957) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 2014 until 2021. He was a leader of a Swedish trade union from 2006 to 2012. And he has been the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party since 2012. On 14 September 2014, he lead his party in the 2014 Swedish general election to become Sweden's new Prime Minister. Löfven was elected Prime Minister and took office in October 2014.

On 22 August 2021, Löfven announced that he would retire as Leader of the Social Democrats at the November party congress, and would resign as Prime Minister upon the election of his successor.

References

1957 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Sweden
Trade unionists
Alter Echo is a third-person action video game published by THQ and developed by Outrage Entertainment. It was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It was released on August 19, 2003 in North America and on October 3, 2003 in the PAL region.

Reception
The received mixed reviews from critics. IGN rated the game a 6.8 out of 10.

GameSpot gave the game a 7.5 out of 10 and Jeff Gerstmann of GameSpot wrote that "It would have been nice to have seen some more variety in the environments, and the instances of backtracking through areas you've already visited are disappointing. But the game's exciting, free-form combat makes up for those deficiencies."

References

Other websites

2003 video games
PlayStation 2 games
Science fiction
THQ games
Xbox games
Anwar Kamal Pasha (1927-1987) was a famous early Pakistani film director and producer from Lahore. He dominated the first 20 years of Pakistani cinema. He was the son of noted poet and scholar, Hakim Ahmad Shuja who named him after the Turkish leader Enver Kemal Pasha.

Some of Pasha's top hit films were Do Ansoo (1949), Gumnaam (1954), Qatil (1955), Sarfarosh (1956) and Anarkali (1958). From the 1960s, he gradually started making less films and his popularity grew less.

References

1927 births
1987 deaths
People from Lahore
Pakistani entertainers
Cinema of Pakistan
The State Anthem of the Azerbaijan SSR () was the national anthem of Azerbaijan when it was a republic of the Soviet Union. It was then known as the Azerbaijan SSR.

Background
The anthem was used from 1944 to 1992.  It was composed by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, who also composed the March of Azerbaijan, the current national anthem of Azerbaijan.  Suleyman Rustam, Samad Vurgun and Huseyn Arif wrote the lyrics which were changed in 1978 to remove mentions of Joseph Stalin. Like many national anthems of the republics of the Soviet Union, this song praised Vladimir Lenin (and formerly Joseph Stalin as well), the October Revolution and Communism. It also praised the friendship of the republics of the Soviet Union.  It was the anthem of Azerbaijan when it gained independence until 1992 when the March of Azerbaijan was restored.

Lyrics

Post-Stalinist version (1978–92)

Azerbaijani lyrics

Translations

Original version (1944–78)

Azerbaijani lyrics

Translations

Related pages
 National anthem of Azerbaijan

References
References

Other websites
 MIDI file 
 Vocal recording in MP3 format
 Lyrics - nationalanthems.info 

National symbols of Azerbaijan
1944 establishments in the Soviet Union
1992 disestablishments
Anthems of Soviet Socialist Republics
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
(12 February 1920 – 7 September 2014), widely known by her Chinese name Li Xianglan (Li Hsiang-lan) and English stage name Shirley Yamaguchi, was a Chinese-born Japanese actress and singer. She was elected as a member of the Japanese Diet in the 1970s and served for 18 years. Ōtaka was known for her role in Eternity. She was born in Fushun, Manchuria.

Ōtaka died at the age of 94 in Tokyo, Japan from heart failure.

References

Other websites

 

1920 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
Japanese politicians
Japanese singers
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese stage actors
Chinese singers
Chinese politicians
Marvin Cheung Kin-tung, GBS (2000), OBE (1994), JP (20 November 1947 – 13 September 2014) was a Hong Kong businessman and civil servant. He was a Non-official Member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. He was the Chairman of the Airport Authority Hong Kong and a Council Member of the Open University of Hong Kong.

Cheung died in Hong Kong at the age of 67 from leukemia.

References

Other websites
  Asia-Pacific Corporate Governance Conference
  Hong Kong Executive/Marvin Cheung biodata
 Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong
 Tribute to Cheung from the Open University

1947 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Hong Kong
Deaths from leukemia
Chinese businesspeople
Civil servants
Hong Kong businesspeople
Milan Galić (; 8 March 1938 – 13 September 2014) was a Serbian footballer. He scored 37 international goals in 51 matches for the Yugoslavia national football team. He participated in the 1960 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal, the 1960 UEFA European Football Championship, where Yugoslavia finished second (despite his goal in the final), and the 1962 FIFA World Cup, where Yugoslavia finished fourth. 

Galić died in Belgrade, Serbia from unknown causes, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
Serbian footballers
Yugoslavian footballers
Yugoslavia at the 1960 European Nations' Cup
Frank Joseph Torre (December 30, 1931 – September 13, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was first baseman in Major League Baseball. Torre who batted and threw left-handed. He played for the Milwaukee Braves (1956–60) and Philadelphia Phillies (1962–63). He was the older brother of Hall of Famer Joe Torre.

Torre died in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida from cardiac arrest, aged 82.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American baseball players
Milwaukee Braves players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from New York City
There are different hypotheses to explain the phenomenon:
 There may be an internal frequency to the climatic system found on earth. This resonance may be 100,000 years.
 The Orbital inclination has a frequency of 100,000 years.
 The planets rotate around the sun in an elliptical orbit. These orbits change over time. For the earth, this change has a frequency of 21,636 years. In an ice age, the buildup of ice is slow, but the melting of the ice is fast.
 The luminosity of the sun may change over time. This would influence the phenomenon
 The amount of photosynthesis on water-dwelling organisms as opposed to that of land-dwelling organisms may influence the amount of Oxygen 18. This is known as the Dole effect

Climate change
The Scottish independence referendum, 2014 is a referendum which decided whether Scotland would be an independent country or would stay a member of the United Kingdom. The voting took place on 18 September 2014.

The result was that Scotland should stay as part of the United Kingdom.

Who could vote
Over 4 million people in Scotland could vote in the referendum. In order to vote on the day of the referendum a person much have been:

 Aged 16-years-old or over (i.e. born on or before 18 September 1998)
 Either British, Irish or a citizen of another European Union (EU) country who was also living in Scotland at the time of the referendum
 Registered to vote

People who were Commonwealth of Nations citizens who had "leave to remain in the United Kingdom or do not require such leave" could also vote in the referendum. Those in the armed forces (army, navy or air force) at the time of the referendum could also vote as long as they were registered to vote in Scotland.
4,285,323 people registered to vote in the referendum, which was 97% of the population who were able to register to vote in the referendum. This was the largest number of people Scotland has ever known to register to vote in any election or referendum. The total population of Scotland in 2014 was about 5 million (this includes all those who could and could not vote). Almost 85% of those registered voted in the referendum.

The YES campaign
The YES campaign was led by the Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond. He resigned after the vote. Supporters of the YES campaign wanted Scotland to be an independent country.

The NO campaign
Supporters of the NO campaign wanted Scotland to stay a part of the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron, deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband all wanted Scotland to remain part of the United Kingdom. Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown has also been campaigning for Scotland to remain part of the UK.
Result 
Should Scotland be an independent country?
No = 55.3% (2,001,926 votes)
Yes = 44.7% (1,617,989 votes)
total votes = 3,623,344
electorate = 4,283,392

Result: Scotland remains part of the United Kingdom.

Related pages
 Scottish independence

References

2014 in the United Kingdom
Politics of the United Kingdom
Politics of Scotland
Nickelodeon Arabia is a satellite, free-to-air channel for Arab children, teens and adults. It was the official Arab arm of Nickelodeon. Viacom started broadcasting Nickelodeon Arabia in 2007.

Shows (as new network)
 Catch Match
 Shoof Kids
 SpongeBob SquarePants
 Detective Conan
 Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
 Totally Spies!
 Henry Danger
 The Thundermans
 The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
 Sam & Cat
 Love Divina
 The Loud House
 Drake & Josh
 Nicky, Ricky, Dicky and Dawn
 Dawn of the Croods
 Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh
 Zak Storm
 Turbo FAST
 SciGirls
 Dream High
 Fanboy & Chum Chum
 Kally's Mashup
Shows (as original network)
 Aaahh!!! Real Monsters
 The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
 All Grown Up!
 The Angry Beavers
 As Told By Ginger
 Monster Buster Club
 Avatar: The Last Airbender
 Back at the Barnyard
 CatDog
 Danny Phantom
 The Lab Scientists
 Hey Arnold!
 The Gnoufs
 The Penguins of Madagascar
 The Ren & Stimpy Show
 Rocket Power
 Rugrats
 Tak And The Power Of Juju
 Totally Spies The Wild Thornberrys Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom Dora the Explorer Go Diego Go Max & Ruby  Ni Hao, Kai-lan Wonder Pets! SpongeBob SquarePants The Word for World Is Forest Big Time Rush iCarly El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera My Life As A Teenage Robot Tiny Toon Adventures Regular Show The Fairy OddParents The Garfield Show Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! Danger Mouse''

References 

Viacom
Nickelodeon
Television channels in Asia
The Azerbaijani Chess Championship is usually held in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is organised by the Azerbaijan Chess Federation (ACF). The first championship was played in 1934, when Azerbaijan was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. Championships were not held every year in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic until 1945. Since then they were held every year, which has continued today in independent Azerbaijan.

Winners

Related pages
 Chess in Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan Chess Federation
 List of Azerbaijani chess players

References

Other websites 
 Official web site of Azerbaijan Chess Federation (ACF)  
 Azerbaijan Chess Federation 

Chess competitions
Chess in Azerbaijan
Bell Biv DeVoe is an American R&B, hip hop and new jack swing group. It was formed by Ricky Bell, Michael "Mike" Bivins, and Ronnie DeVoe of the group New Edition. The group was established in 1989. The group's most successful song was "Poison" in 1990. 

Their first album Poison was released in 1990. It sold over 3 million copies. Other hit singles from the album include B.B.D.(I Thought It Was Me), When Will I See You Smile Again, and She's Dope!. 

The group released their second album Hootie Mack in 1993. It was less successful than the first. 

All three members reunited with New Edition to record and release another album in 8 years, Home Again (1996). Bell Biv DeVoe released their third album B.B.D. in 2001. It had no commercial success, probably because it had a harder rap sound.

Musical groups established in 1989
American R&B bands
American hip hop bands
Musical trios
1989 establishments in the United States
The Azerbaijan Chess Federation (, AŞF) is the national chess organization in Azerbaijan. It is a member of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). The Azerbaijan Chess Federation was founded in 1920, when Azerbaijan became a member of the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan SSR. It was reorganized in 1992, after Azerbaijan gained its independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It became a member of FIDE the same year. The headquarters of the Azerbaijan Chess Federation is in Baku. This is the capital city of Azerbaijan.

As of 2023, the President of the Azerbaijan Chess Federation is Mahir Mammedov.

Executive Committee
The executive committee includes:
President –  Mahir Mammedov
First Vice-president – Faiq Hasanov
Vice-president – Seymur Talibov
General Secretary – Ilaha Gadimova

Competitions
The federation organizes the following chess competitions:
Azerbaijani Chess Championship
Azerbaijan Women's Chess Championship 
Azerbaijan Children's Chess Championship
Related pages
 Chess in Azerbaijan
 List of Azerbaijani chess players
 Azerbaijani Chess Championship

References

Other websites
 Official Azerbaijan Chess Federation Website 

1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
1992 establishments in Azerbaijan
Chess organizations
Chess in Azerbaijan
Sports organizations of Azerbaijan
Jaimie Alexander (born March 12, 1984) is an American actress. She played Tammy in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. She also played Jenna York in CSI: Miami.

The actress was born in Greenville, South Carolina.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from South Carolina
1984 births
Living people
Benjamin Adesanya Maja Adekunle (26 June 1936 – 13 September 2014) was a Nigerian Army leader. He served as general during many important Nigerian battles. Some of which, he is known for fighting at the Congo Crisis battles and fought during the Nigerian Civil War. He began his service years in 1958. He retired in 1974.

Adekunle died in Lagos, Nigeria, aged 78.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2014 deaths
Nigerian generals
People from Kaduna State
William Anthony Auth Jr. (May 7, 1942 – September 14, 2014), better known as Tony Auth, was an American cartoonist. He was best known for serving as an editorial cartoonist for The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1971 to 2012. His other work includes the comic strip Full Disclosure, which he worked on in 1982 and 1983, and Norb, which he worked on in 1989.  He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1976 and the Herblock Prize in 2005. Auth was born in Akron, Ohio.

Auth died of brain cancer on September 14, 2014 at the age of 72 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1942 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
American cartoonists
Writers from Philadelphia
Writers from Akron, Ohio
Cruis'n USA is an arcade racing video game published and distributed by Nintendo and was developed by Midway Games. It is the first game in the Cruis'n series. The game was released as an arcade system in North America in November 1994, on the Nintendo 64 on December 3, 1996 in North America and on April 12, 1998 in Europe, and was released on the Wii's Virtual Console on March 28, 2008 in Europe and on March 31, 2008 in North America. The Virtual Console release was the first third party developed Nintendo 64 game to be released on the service.
The game, along with Killer Instinct, was originally planned as a launch title for the Nintendo 64. Both games did not make it out for Nintendo 64's launch, however, it was primarily because the arcade versions of both the games were done on hardware that was different and a little more powerful than the console. The game was impressive in arcades but was criticized when it came to the Nintendo 64 in 2996 because the port was less polished than the arcade version and its technology had already been surpassed by other games. The game was also delayed before its console release because of censorship issues.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 4 out of 10 and said "Ignoring the dated gameplay and less than impressive physics and handling, at least graphical problems like pop-up and low framerates should have been fixed."

GameSpot gave the game a 6.1 out of 10 and said "Ultimately, Cruis'n USA is a dead conversion of a dead arcade game."

References

Other websites
Other websites

1994 video games
Arcade games
Nintendo 64 games
Nintendo video games
Racing video games
Post Bahadur Bogati (18 July 1953 – 15 September 2014) was a Nepalese politician. He was a member of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). He was also the vice chairman of the political party. He was the Minister for Information and Communications as well as Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.

Bogati was born in the Nuwakot District. He was married and had three children: two daughters and a son.

Bogati died from a brain haemorrhage caused by a cardiac arrest on 15 September 2014 in Kathmandu. He was 61.

References

Other websites
 Post Bahadur Bogati  at Ujyaalo Online 

1953 births
2014 deaths
Communist politicians
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Government ministers of Nepal
Nepalese politicians
Berks County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 428,849. The county seat is Reading.

History  

It was named after the English county of Berkshire where William Penn's family had large estates. Berkshire is often abbreviated as Berks. Reading developed during the 1740s. At that time the people living in northern Lancaster County sent several petitions requesting that a separate county be made. With the help of German immigrant Conrad Weiser, the county was formed on March 11, 1752. It was made from parts of Chester County, Lancaster County, and Philadelphia County.

References 

18th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
1750s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1752 establishments
Pennsylvania counties
Vladimír Sobotka (born July 1, 1986) is a Czech professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played for HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga, as well as the Boston Bruins and St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
Sobotka started his ice hockey career with HC Slavia Praha of the Czech Extraliga. He played 96 games throughout 4 seasons with them, scoring 10 goals and recording 19 assists. He was drafted with the 106th overall pick by the Boston Bruins in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

On November 24, 2007, Sobotka played in his first NHL game in a 2-1 loss to the New York Islanders. On February 13, 2008, Sobotka was able to score his first NHL goal and the game-winning goal against Ty Conklin of the Pittsburgh Penguins in a 2-1 win. On June 26, 2010, Sobotka was traded to the St. Louis Blues for the rights to Boston University defenseman David Warsofsky.
Sobotka's first goal as a member of the Blues came on November 6, 2010 against his former team, the Boston Bruins, beating Tuukka Rask after the puck was turned over in the Bruins' zone. On June 15, 2011, he re-signed to a three-year contract with the Blues. On March 9, 2013, he scored his first NHL hat trick against the San Jose Sharks in a 4-3 overtime win.

On January 6, 2014, he was named to the Czech Republic's men's Olympic team roster, but he suffered a leg injury on January 31 which prevented him from being able to take part in the Olympics. The Blues placed Sobotka on the injured reserve list and he missed the 2014 Olympic Winter Games.
After the 2013-2014 season ended, he became a restricted free agent. Sobotka decided not to resign with the Blues and instead he was signed to a three-year contract by Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). When the possibility of Sobotka playing in the KHL became clear, the Blues filed for salary arbitration in the NHL. On July 21, 2014, Sobotka received a one-year, $2.725 million award from an arbitrator. The result of the arbitration award is if Sobotka decides to return to the NHL at a later date, the Blues will retain his rights for a year at the amount that was awarded by the arbitrator. At the end of that year, Sobotka will become an unrestricted free agent in the NHL.

References

Other websites

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Czech ice hockey players
Living people
Providence Bruins players
St. Louis Blues players
Ice hockey centres
Marthasville is a city in Warren County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,136 at the 2010 census. The Katy Trail, a 225-mile long bike path, passes through Marthasville. Because of the many wineries from here east to Defiance, Marthasville is considered to mark one end of the "Missouri Rhineland".

History
 
Daniel Boone and his family came to the area later known as Marthasville in 1799. At the time there was only a French trading post there called LaCharette. Flanders Callaway and his wife Jemima Boone (Daniel and Rebecca's daughter), built a house just outside the present city limits. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped here near LaCharette. On their return 20 September 1806 they were greeted by the area residents, the first civilization they had seen since leaving. Rebecca Boone died in 1813 at Jemima’s home and was the first burial in the family cemetery of the Bryans and Boones (now Marthasville cemetery).
In 1817 the city of Marthasville was established by Dr. John Young of Kentucky. He named it after his wife Martha. A year later Montgomery County was formed with Marthasville being the only town. In 1833 the area became Warren County.

The original graves of Daniel Boone and his wife Rebecca were located there. In 1845, Boone's remains and those of his wife Rebecca were dug up and taken to Kentucky for reburial. Resentment in Missouri about the removal of the bodies grew over the years. A legend was that Boone's remains never left Missouri. A modern forensic anthropologist believes the body removed from Missouri was probably a black slave and not Daniel Boone.

In 1850, during the California Gold Rush, a number of people left Marthasville to find gold. The group was led by one of Daniel Boone's grandsons, M. Jackson Lamme. Others in the group were also descendants of Boone. They settled in California and have many descendants there today.
In 1892, The Missouri, Kansas and Eastern Railroad ran through Marthasville. It was taken over by the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad (MKT) in July of 1893.

Winemaking 

During the 1800s the area was settled by winemakers and workers from Germany. This part of the Missouri River Valley has become known as the Missouri Rhineland. The wines from this part of Missouri soon gained a worldwide reputation. At the 1851 Vienna World Exposition, Missouri wines took 8 of the 12 gold medals. French winemakers took notice and started importing the Norton/Cynthiana vines into France. But they were infected with a louse called Phylloxera. The louse had no effect on the Missouri rootstock, but in France it destroyed almost all of France's grapes. Two Missourians found a cure for the blight and the French vines were saved.

References

Other websites 
 Daniel Boone monument at Marthasville, Missouri
 City of Marthasville, Missouri 
 Lost Creek Vineyard, Marthasville, Missouri
 The Missuri Rhineland – Part 1
1817 establishments in the United States
Cities in Missouri
Wine regions
1810s establishments in Missouri Territory
In computer science, a pointer is a variable whose value is a location in the computer's memory. If Rick stands in a room and points to his friend Sally, then Rick is a pointer whose value is Sally's location.  A programmer must dereference the pointer to retrieve the object it points to.  Pointers do not take up much memory (RAM).  Copying a pointer to a large object is faster than copying the large object itself because only the location needs to be copied, instead of the whole object.

Uses of Pointers 

Pointers are used in linked lists.  Each record of a linked list has a pointer to the next record.  These pointers chain the records together.  This means that the records in a linked list can be sorted and arranged by changing their pointers.

References 

Computer programming
Nicholas Romanovich Romanov, Prince of Russia (; 26 September 1922 – 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and President of the Romanov Family Association. 

Although he is related to the Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House are disputed by those who maintain that his parents' marriage violated the laws of Imperial Russia.

Ancestry
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|1=1. Nicholas Romanovich, Prince of Russia
|2=2. Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia
|3=3. Countess Praskovia Dmitrievna Sheremeteva
|4=4. Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia
|5=5. Princess Milica of Montenegro
|6=6. Count Dmitri Sergeievich Sheremetev
|7=7. Countess Irina Illarionovna Vorontsov-Dashkov
|8=8. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia
|9=9. Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg
|10=10. King Nicholas I of Montenegro
|11=11. Milena Vukotić
|12=12. Count Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev
|13=13. Princess Ekaterina Pavlovna Vyazemskaya
|14=14. Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
|15=15. Countess Elizabeth Andreevna Shuvalov
|16=16. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
|17=17. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
|18=18. Duke Peter of Oldenburg
|19=19. Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg
|20=20. Mirko Petrović-Njegoš
|21=21. Anastasija Martinović
|22=22. Voivode Petar Vukotić
|23=23. Jelena Voivodić
|24=24. Count Dmitri Nikolaevich Sheremetev
|25=25. Anna Sergeievna Sheremeteva
|26=26. Prince Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky 
|27=27. Maria Arkadyevna Stolypina 
|28= 28. Count Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
|29= 29. Aleksandra Kirillovna Naryshkina
|30= 30. Count Andrei Pavlovich Shuvalov
|31= 31. Sofia Mikhailovna Vorontsova
}}
References

Other websites
Romanov Family Association
Lunch with the FT: Nicholas Romanov 

1922 births
2014 deaths
People from Alpes-Maritimes
House of Romanov
Angus Lennie (18 April 1930 – 14 September 2014) was a Scottish actor. He was best known for his movie appearance as Steve McQueen's friend Archibald Ives in the 1963 movie The Great Escape. He was also known for being in the television soap opera Crossroads.

Lennie died in London, England, aged 84

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Glasgow
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith (February 9, 1897 - November 8, 1935) was a famous Australian airplane pilot. He is famous for being the first person to fly across the Pacific Ocean from the United States to Australia. He was also the first person to fly non-stop across the entire country of Australia. He made the first flight from Australia to New Zealand. In another famous flight, he flew from Australia to London, England, in ten and a half days, which was a new record at that time.

Early life 
Smith was born on February 9, 1897, in Hamilton, Brisbane (the capital city of Queensland, a state in Australia). He went to school at St. Andrew’s Cathedral Choir School and Sydney Technical High School. When he turned 16, Smith became an apprentice at Colonial Sugar Refining Co. Ltd., where he got training in engineering.
Military career 
In 1915, Smith joined the 1st Australian Imperial Force (AIF), the main branch of the Australian Army that fought outside of Australia in World War I. In the AIF he was a sapper (someone who builds and repairs roads and bridges) and a motorcycle dispatch rider (someone who delivers important messages). In 1916 he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), where he became a pilot and a second lieutenant.  

In 1917, Smith's plane was shot down during battle. He survived, but was injured and had to have part of his left foot amputated (removed by surgery). He received the Military Cross for his bravery in battle. Because of his injuries, Smith was made an RFC flying teacher.  He was also promoted to Captain.  In April 1918, Smith was assigned to the Royal Air Force, which had just been created.
After finishing his military service in 1919, Smith created Kingsford Smith, Maddocks Aeros Ltd., flying a joy-riding service (which sold plane rides to customers for entertainment). He flew mostly in the North of England.  Later, he worked in the United States as a barnstormer, entertaining people by doing tricks in his airplane.  In 1921, he returned to Australia.  There he kept working as a barnstormer and also flew airmail services (he delivered mail by airplane).

On June 2, 1921, Smith applied for a commercial pilot’s license.  He became one of Australia’s first airline pilots after he was hired to fly for the newly created West Australian Airways.

On June 6, 1923, Smith married Thelma Eileen Hope Corboy.
Famous Flights 
Smith became famous for setting flying records. He was very famous for all of his flights around the world. His famous flights included:
 Flying around Australia in 10 days and 5 hours in 1926 with C T P Ulm. This was twice as fast as any other pilot had ever taken to fly around Australia.
 Flying over the Pacific Ocean with a team of three other people. The team started the first part of their journey in California and landed in Hawaii. Next they flew from Hawaii to Fiji. This part of the trip was the hardest because of very bad storms. Finally, they flew from Fiji to Brisbane. When they landed in Brisbane, there were 25,000 people to greet Smith and his team. After that they flew to Sydney, where 300,000 people greeted them.
 Completing the first-ever flight around the world. Smith and his team flew to England; then across the Atlantic to North America; then to California.
 Flying 10,000 miles by himself.
In 1935, Smith and a co-pilot, Tommy Pethybridge, left from England to fly to Australia. This was Smith's last flight. He died on November 8, 1935.

References

Other websites
 ‘Charles Kingsford Smith’, http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/charles-kingsford-smith

1897 births
1935 deaths
Aviators
People from Queensland
Caroline Chisholm (May 30, 1808 - March 25, 1877) was an English humanitarian. She was known for her involvement with female immigrant welfare in Australia. She was named a saint of the Church of England. Her day is May 16 in the Calendar of saints.

Early life
Early life 

Caroline Jones was born in Northampton, England. She came from a very large family. Her father, William Jones, had been married four times. All his previous wives had died in childbirth. Caroline was William's sixteenth child and the youngest of the seven who lived. William died when Caroline was six years old. His death left the family with little money. She lived with her family at 11 Mayorhold. In 1822, when Caroline was 22, she married Archibald Chisholm. Archibald was a Roman Catholic. He was ten years older than she was. He served with East India Company Army. It is believed that Caroline converted to her husband's faith at this time. They were married at the Anglican Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Northampton. They were married from 1832 to 1877.

India
India 

Archibald returned to his regiment in Madras, India in January 1832. Caroline joined him 18 months later. When she saw the bad behaviour of some of the girls, she asked the Governor of Madras to help her set up a school. In 1834, Caroline founded the Female School of Industry for the Daughters of European Soldiers. The school provided a practical education for the girls. They were taught to read and write and about religion, cooking, housekeeping, and nursing. Caroline gave birth to two sons, Archibald and William, and she followed her husband around in his travels.