Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Neomercantilism is a government policy that supports more exports, less imports, and more control over investment (capital movement). Also, the government has the power to make decisions involving money (currency). The goal is to increase foreign reserves, which gives the government more power over money.

Origin 
The idea comes from Keynesian economics. According to UNESCO, mercantilism is the belief that the state's wealth must be protected by the government. This makes the state's money a nationalistic concern.

References 

Economic history
Economic policy
Economic systems
In economics the middle income trap happens when a country's GDP is stuck at some level and cannot increase.

The World Bank says that South Africa and Brazil have fell into the trap.

Economists think this happens because as a country sells more and gets richer, it pays higher wages. This increases the cost of selling stuff. So the countries lose their competitive advantage and get stuck, unable to sell more and get richer.

The World Bank says a country is in the 'middle-income range' if its gross national product per person stays between $1,000 to $12,000 (in 2011 prices).
I don't want to fall into the trap 
To avoid the trap, a country could find better ways to make goods and reduce the cost of making them. They could also find new people or countries to sell their goods to. An increasing middle class could also use their money to buy fancy stuff that helps further promote growth: this includes better education, better technology and infrastructure, studying science and technology to create more innovations.

References 

Economics
Cowley County (county code CL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.  In 2020, 34,549 people lived there. Its county seat is Winfield. Its biggest city is Arkansas City.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

People

 

Cowley County comprises the Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Wichita-Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 462, Central
 USD 463, Udall
 USD 465, Winfield
 USD 470, Arkansas city
 USD 471, Dexter

Colleges
 Cowley College
 Southwestern College
 St. John's College closed in 1986

Communities

Cities
 Winfield
 Arkansas City
 Udall
 Burden
 Parkerfield
 Dexter
 Atlanta
 Geuda Springs (partly in Sumner County)
 Cambridge

References

Notes
References

Notes

More reading
 History of Cowley County Kansas; D.A. Millington / E.P. Greer; Winfield Courier; 162 pages; 1901. (Download 16MB PDF eBook)
 Standard Atlas of Cowley County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 54 pages; 1905.
 Edwards' Historical Atlas of Cowley County, Kansas; John P. Edwards; 52 pages; 1882.

Other websites

County
 
 Cowley County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Cowley County - GenWeb
Maps
 Cowley County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
The Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area is an area that has five counties in south central Kansas. Its main place is the city of Wichita. In 2013, the area had 637,989 people living there. It is the biggest metropolitan area in the state of Kansas.

Counties
Butler
Harvey
Sedgwick
Sumner

Communities
Populations are from the 2010 census.

Places with more than 300,000 people
Wichita (Principal city) Pop: 389,902

Places with 10,000 to 25,000 people
Derby Pop: 22,158
Newton Pop: 19,132
El Dorado Pop: 13,021
Winfield Pop: 12,204
Arkansas City Pop: 12,136
Andover Pop: 11,791
Haysville Pop: 10,826

Places with 5,000 to 10,000 people
Augusta Pop: 9,274
Wellington Pop: 8,172
Park City Pop: 7,297
Valley Center Pop: 6,822
Bel Aire Pop: 6,769
Mulvane Pop: 6,111
Places with 1,000 to 5,000 people
Goddard Pop: 4,344
Rose Hill Pop: 3,931
Hesston Pop: 3,709
Maize Pop: 3,420
Oaklawn-Sunview (census-designated place) Pop: 3,276
Clearwater Pop: 2,481
Cheney Pop: 2,094
Halstead Pop: 2,085
Kechi Pop: 1,909
McConnell Air Force Base (census-designated place) Pop: 1,777
North Newton Pop: 1,759
Douglass Pop: 1,700
Sedgwick Pop: 1,695
Belle Plaine Pop: 1,681
Towanda Pop: 1,450
Colwich Pop: 1,327
Conway Springs Pop: 1,272
Caldwell Pop: 1,068
Oxford Pop: 1,049

Places with fewer than 1,000 people
Andale Pop: 928
Burrton Pop: 901
Benton Pop: 880
Garden Plain Pop: 840
Mount Hope Pop: 813
Eastborough Pop: 773
Whitewater Pop: 718
Leon Pop: 704
Bentley Pop: 530
Argonia Pop: 501
Potwin Pop: 449
South Haven Pop: 363
Walton Pop: 235
Elbing Pop: 229
Geuda Springs (partial) Pop: 185
Latham Pop: 139
Viola Pop: 130
Cassoday Pop: 129
Mayfield Pop: 113
Milan Pop: 82
Hunnewell Pop: 67

References

 http://2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/
Government of Kansas
Sedgwick County, Kansas
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Finney County (county code FI) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 38,470 people lived there. Its county seat is Garden City. Its biggest city is also Garden City.

History
Finney County was created around 1880. It was called Buffalo County and Sequoyah County. They were named after Sequoyah, the Cherokee Indian responsible for the creation of the Cherokee alphabet. The two counties were renamed Finney County. It was named after Lieutenant Governor David Wesley Finney.

Charles "Buffalo" Jones was the first member of the Kansas House of Representatives from Finney County. He tried to stop the buffalo from extinction.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.05%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Kansas by area.

Demographics

Finney County is included in the Garden City, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2020 Census
The 2020 census says that there were 38,470 people living in Finney County. They made up 13,064 households. Of the people in the county, 51.7% were Hispanic or Latino, 37.7% were non-Hispanic White, 3.9% were non-Hispanic Asian, 3.5% were non-Hispanic Black, and 3.1% were other races or ethnicities.

Government

Presidential election results
Finney County has often supported Republican presidential candidates. The last time it supported a Democrat was in 1976. This was when Jimmy Carter won the county by only 102 votes.

Education

Unified school districts
 Holcomb USD 363
 Garden City USD 457

Communities

Cities
 Garden City
 Holcomb

References

Notes

More reading
 Plat Book of Finney County, Kansas; Western Publishing Company; 50 pages; 1910.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Finney County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Finney County Public Library 
Maps
 Finney County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1883 establishments in Kansas
Santa Fe Trail
Zion is one of the seventy names of Jerusalem, and in the Bible is the second name for Jerusalem after the name "Jerusalem".  The name "Zion" originally revolves around a certain area in the city.  It is customary to delineate the site in the eastern and southern part of Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, including the City of David, the Ophel and Mount Moriah.

Zion
Jerusalem
A Levite or Levi (Hebrew language: לֵוִי) is a Jewish male descended from the Tribe of Levi on the father's side. 

The Levites of the Book of Leviticus were priests. In that book and the Book of Numbers they help Moses make prayers to God in the tabernacle (a holy tent).

References 

Jewish people
The Promised Land (, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; , translit.: ard al-mi'ad; also known as "The Land of Milk and Honey") is very important in the Hebrew Bible. It is the land that God promised to Abraham and his descendants. Nowadays, it refers to the restored homeland for the Jewish people, a path to salvation and liberation, or both.

Related pages 

 Book of Genesis
 Conquest of Canaan
 Land of Israel
 Who is a Jew?

References 

Zionism
Pages with unreviewed translations
Jewish history
Hebrew Bible
Old Testament
Greater Israel (; Eretz Yisrael Hashlema) refers to the historic or desired borders of Israel. It is a form of irredentism.
It usually refers to the State of Israel together with the Palestinian territories. It is used in the Bible, sometimes called the Land of Israel. See , , ,  or .

Arab–Israeli conflict
Pages with unreviewed translations
Zionism
Beitar Illit (; officially Betar Illit; "Illit" is pronounced "ee-leet"; ) is an Israeli settlement organized as a city council,  south of Jerusalem,  in the Judaean Mountains of the West Bank. Beitar Illit, part of the Gush Etzion "settlement bloc",  is one of Israel's largest and most rapidly growing settlements,  and in  had a population of .

Cities in Palestine
Cities in Israel
The fiery flying serpent is a snake creature mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Isaiah, the Book of Numbers, etc.). In biology it is the Echis coloratus (saw-scale viper).

Name 
"Fiery flying serpent" is an English translation of the Hebrew words , shārāp (a "fiery serpent") me‘ōpêp ("flying").

References

Legendary creatures
Hebrew Bible
Snakes
The Nehushtan (Hebrew:  Nəḥuštān [nə.ħuʃ.taːn]) is the bronze serpent on a pole first described in the Book of Numbers. God told Moses to make it. This was to cure the Israelites. Those who saw the nehushtan would be cured from the deathly bites of the "fiery serpents". God initially sent the fiery serpents to punish them for speaking against Him and Moses (). 

In the biblical Books of Kings (; written c. 550 BCE), King Hezekiah leads an iconoclastic reform. This requires the destruction of "the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it; and it was called Nehushtan". The term means "a brazen thing, a mere piece of brass".

Footnotes 

Pages with unreviewed translations
McPherson County (standard abbreviation: MP) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 30,223 people lived there. The biggest city is McPherson. It is also the county seat. The county is named after Civil War General James B. McPherson.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

Major highways
  Interstate 135
  U.S. Route 56
  U.S. Route 81
  K-4
  K-61
  K-153

People

The McPherson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of McPherson County.

Government

Presidential elections
McPherson county is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 USD 400, Smoky Valley
 Lindsborg, Marquette, Rural Areas
 
 McPherson, Rural Areas
 USD 419, Canton-Galva
 Canton, Galva, Rural Areas
 
 Moundridge, Rural Areas
 USD 448, Inman
 Inman, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 411, Goessel
 Rural Areas
 
 Windom, Rural Areas

Communities

Cities

 Canton
 Galva
 Inman
 Lindsborg
 Marquette
 McPherson
 Moundridge
 Windom

References

Notes
References

Notes

More reading
County
 Through the Years: A Pictorial History of McPherson County; McPherson Sentinel' Heritage House Publishing Co; 1992.
 McPherson County First Courthouse Built About 1869 or 1870; Lindsborg News-Record; March 30, 1959.
 Pioneer Life and Lore of McPherson County, Kansas; Edna Nyquist; Democratic-Opinion Press; 1932.
 A History of the Church of the Brethren in Kansas (includes McPherson College history); Elmer LeRoy Craik; McPherson Daily; Republican Press; 397 pages; 1922.
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893.
 Standard Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book of McPherson County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 50 pages; 1903.
 Edwards' Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; John P. Edwards; 51 pages; 1884.
Trails
 
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916. (Download 6.8MB PDF eBook)

Mennonite Settlements
 Impact of Mennonite settlement on the cultural landscape of Kansas; Brenda Martin; Kansas State University; 1985/1988.
 Mennonite settlement : the relationship between the physical and cultural environment; Susan Movle; University of Utah; 1975/1886.
 Status of Mennonite women in Kansas in their church and home relationships; Eva Harshbarger; Bluffton College; 1925/1945.

Other websites

County
 
 
Maps
 McPherson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
Kansas counties
Wendelin Werner (born 23 September 1968) is a German-born French mathematician. He works on random processes such as self-avoiding random walks, Brownian motion, Schramm–Loewner evolution, and probability theory and mathematical physics. In 2006, he won the Fields Medal "for his contributions to the development of stochastic Loewner evolution, the geometry of two-dimensional Brownian motion, and conformal field theory".  He is professor at ETH Zürich.

References 

Living people
Fields Medalists
1968 births
Pages with unreviewed translations
Harvey County (county code HV) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 34,024 people lived there. Its county seat is Newton. Newton is also the biggest city in Harvey County.

History

19th century
In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Emporia to Newton.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water. The Little Arkansas River goes through the county.

People

Harvey County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 369, Burrton
 Burrton, Rural Areas
 USD 373, Newton
 Newton, Walton, Rural Areas
 USD 439, Sedgwick
 Sedgwick, Rural Areas
 USD 440, Halstead
 Halstead, Rural Areas
 USD 460, Hesston
 Hesston, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 206, Remington-Whitewater
 Rural Areas
 USD 398, Peabody-Burns
 Rural Areas
 USD 411, Goessel
 Rural Areas
 USD 423, Moundridge
 Rural Areas
Communities

Cities
 Burrton
 Halstead
 Hesston
 Newton
 North Newton
 Sedgwick
 Walton

References

Notes

More reading
County
 Standard Atlas of Harvey County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 70 pages; 1918.
 Plat Book of Harvey County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 34 pages; 1902.
 Historical Atlas of Harvey County, Kansas; 33 pages; John P. Edwards; 1882.

Newton
 Bernhard Warkentin and the Kansas Mennonite Pioneers; David A. Haury; Mennonite Life; December 1974.

Other websites

County
 
 Harvey County - Directory of Public Officials
 Harvey County - Economic Development Council
Historical
 Harvey County Historical Society
 Harvey County Genealogical Society
 Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
 Harvey County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1872 establishments in Kansas
Greeley County (county code GL) is a county in western Kansas. It is in the Central United States. In 2020, 1,284 people lived there. It is the county with the fewest number of people living in it in Kansas. Its county seat is Tribune. Tribune is also the biggest city in the county. The county is named after Horace Greeley of Chappaqua, New York, editor of the New York Tribune. Greeley helped western settlement with the motto  "Go West, young man".

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

Government

County
Since January 1, 2009, Greeley County and Tribune have been a unified government.

Presidential elections
This county is often chooses Republican candidates. The last time a Democratic candidate won the county was in 1976. A Democratic candidate has only won the county three times in its history: 1932 (Franklin D. Roosevelt), 1964 (Lyndon B. Johnson), and most recently in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 Greeley County Schools, USD 200

Communities

Cities
 Horace
 Tribune

References

Notes

Other websites

County
 
 Greeley County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Greeley County Library
Maps
 Greeley County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1873 establishments in Kansas
Allen County (county code AL) is a county located in southeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 12,526 people lived there. Its county seat is Iola. Iola is also the biggest city in Allen County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.0%) is water. Allen County is located in the southeastern part of Kansas.

People

Census 2010
The 2020 United States Census says that there were 12,526 people living in Allen County.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Marmaton Valley USD 256
 Iola USD 257
 Humboldt USD 258

Colleges and universities
 Allen County Community College

Communities

Cities

 Bassett
 Elsmore
 Gas
 Humboldt
 Iola
 La Harpe
 Mildred
 Moran
 Savonburg

References

More reading
 Atlas and plat book of Allen County, Kansas; Kenyon Company; 90 pages; 1921.
 Plat book of Allen County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 33 pages; 1906.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Allen County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Allen County - History, Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
 Allen County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Barton County (standard abbreviation: BT) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 25,493 people lived there. Its county seat is Great Bend. Great Bend is also the biggest city in Barton County. The county is named after Clara Barton. She was responsible for creating the American Red Cross.

History
In 1867, Barton County was created. It was named after Clara Barton. It is the only Kansas county named after a woman.

Geography
Barton County was drawn in the shape of a  square. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water. The geographic center of Kansas is in Barton County.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 56
 U.S. Route 281
 Kansas Highway 4
 Kansas Highway 96
 Kansas Highway 156

People

The Great Bend Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Barton County.

Government
Government

Presidential elections
Prior to 1940, Barton County was a Democratic-leaning swing county in presidential elections, being a national bellwether from 1912 to 1936. From 1940 on, it has become a Republican Party stronghold, with the solitary Democratic Party presidential candidate to carry it since then being Lyndon B. Johnson in his national landslide of 1964.

Education

Unified school districts
The five school districts are part of the special education area of Barton County called Barton County Special Services.
 Central Plains USD 112
 Ellinwood USD 355
 Great Bend USD 428 
 Hoisington USD 431
 Otis-Bison USD 403 (Rush County)

Community colleges
 Barton Community College

Communities

Cities

Albert
Claflin
Ellinwood
Galatia
Great Bend
Hoisington
Olmitz
Pawnee Rock
Susank

References

More reading
County
 Atlas and Plat Book of Barton County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 55 pages; 1916.
 Plat Book of Barton County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 47 pages; 1902.
Trails
 The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915.
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916.

Other websites

County
 
 Barton County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Barton County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Barton County, Kansas
1867 establishments in Kansas
Franklin County (county code FR) is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 25,996 people lived there. Its county seat is Ottawa. Ottawa is also the biggest city in Franklin County. The county is mostly rural. It was Kansas City metropolitan area, but it no longer is since 2013.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.9%) is water.

Major highways
 Interstate 35
 U.S. Route 50
 U.S. Route 59
 K-33
 K-68

People

Franklin County is in the Ottawa, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections
Franklin County is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried Franklin County was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 West Franklin USD 287 (Web site)
 Central Heights USD 288 (Web site)
 Wellsville USD 289 (Web site)
 Ottawa USD 290 (Web site)

Colleges and universities
 Ottawa University, Ottawa
 Neosho County Community College (branch campus), Ottawa

Communities

Cities

 Lane
 Ottawa
 Pomona
 Princeton
 Rantoul
 Richmond
 Wellsville
 Williamsburg

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Franklin County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1920.
 Plat Book of Franklin County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 36 pages; 1903.

Other websites

County
 
 Franklin County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Franklin County Genealogical Society
Maps
 Franklin County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Dickinson County (county code DK) is a county in Central Kansas. In 2020, 18,402 people lived there. Its county seat is Abilene. Abilene is also the biggest city in Dickinson County. The county was named after Daniel S. Dickinson.

History

19th century

In 1857, Dickinson County was created.

The first railroad in Dickinson County was built through it in 1866.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Topeka to Herington. This main line connected Topeka, Valencia, Willard, Maple Hill, Vera, Paxico, McFarland, Alma, Volland, Alta Vista, Dwight, White City, Latimer, Herington.

21st century
In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was built through Dickinson County. There was a lot of controversy about tax exemption and environmental concerns.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 USD 393, Solomon
 Solomon, Rural Areas
 USD 435, Abilene
 Abilene, Rural Areas
 USD 473, Chapman
 Chapman, Carlton, Manchester, Enterprise, Rural Areas
 USD 487, Herington
 Herington, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 481, Rural Vista (headquarters in White City)
 Hope, Woodbine, Rural Areas

Communities

Cities

 Abilene
 Carlton
 Chapman
 Enterprise
 Herington
 Hope
 Manchester
 Solomon (partly in Saline County)
 Woodbine

Famous people

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He moved to Abilene when he was 2 years old. Prior to that he was a five-star general in the United States Army. He was Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe World War II. He planned the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45. The Eisenhower Library is in Abilene.

Joe Engle is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel and a former NASA astronaut.
References

Notes

More reading
County
 The Scully Land System in Marion County, Kansas; Homer Socolofsky; Kansas State University; 110 pages; 1944/1947. (includes Dickinson County)
 Standard Atlas of Dickinson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book and Complete Survey of Dickinson County, Kansas; Kenyon Company ; 54 pages; 1909.
 Standard Atlas of Dickinson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 63 pages; 1901.
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893.

Trails
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916. (Download 6.8MB PDF eBook)

Other websites

County
 
 
Historical
 Dickinson County Kansas History and Heritage Project
Maps
 Dickinson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Chief Ahan was a First Nations leader who was executed  in 1865. He was exonerated by Justin Trudeau, the Prime Minister of Canada, in 2018.

References

1865 deaths
First Nations people
Executed people
History of Canada
Józefa Franciszka Joteyko (29 January 1866 – 24 April 1928) was a Polish medical doctor, physiologist, psychologist, pedagogist, and co-organizer of special education in Warsaw. She was born on January, 29, 1866, in Poczujki and died on April, 24, 1928, in Warsaw.

References 

1866 births
1928 deaths
Polish psychologists
Polish academics
Polish physicians
Physiologists
Scientists from Warsaw
In an industrial society, people use technology to produce a lot of things (mass production). This leads to a large population with an organized division of labour. This happened to the Western world during the Industrial Revolution. This replaced farming or agrarian societies of the pre-modern age.

The US and many European nations are examples of industrial societies. China and India are also somewhat industrial but large parts of their populations still farm.

References 

Society
CBRE can refer to:

 Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group, a counter-terrorism unit in Singapore.
 CBRE Group, a multinational real estate corporation.
 Certified Broadcast Radio Engineer, a professional title regulated by The Society of Broadcast Engineers.
Savills plc is a global real estate services provider listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History
The business was established by Alfred Savill (1829 - 1905) in 1855 in London. By the time of Alfred Savill's death in 1905 his sons Alfred, Edwin and Norman were established in partnership. In the 1920s the firm moved to Lincoln's Inn Fields. During the Second World War Norman Savill went to Wimborne in Dorset, taking vital records with him. The remaining partners stayed at Lincoln’s Inn Field. By the 1970s, the firm was re-branded as Savills.  The firm was incorporated as a limited company in 1987 and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1988.
In 1997 Savills merged with First Pacific Davies () in Asia. In 1998 it bought majority stakes in the German, French and Spanish arms of Weatherall, Green & Smith.  In June 2015 it completed the acquisition of Smiths Gore, provider of rural and residential property services in the UK. In June 2016, Savills plc announced its proprietary investment subsidiary, Grosvenor Hill Ventures, had acquired a minority stake in YOPA Property Ltd, a UK-based online hybrid estate agent.
Operations
The company provides consulting services and advice (such as valuation, building consultancy, project management, environmental consultancy, landlord and tenant, planning, strategic projects and research) in connection with commercial, residential and agricultural properties, property-related financial services and investment management, which includes investment management for institutional or professional investors. Savills operates from over 600 owned and associate offices, employing more than 35,000 people in over 60 countries throughout the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East.
Australia
In 2016 Australia rose to second place after Japan for cross border capital inflow in the Asia Pacific region, largely due to an increase in China's investment in Sydney's CBD, up 44 per cent from $4.5 billion the year before to $6.46 billion. In May 2013 Savills set the record for the highest price for a development site in Brisbane with the sale of the Supreme Court site at 300 George Street for $63M to the  Taiwanese developer Shayher Group, to become a mixed-use precinct including a five-star hotel. Shayher Group was required to build a 65,000sqm residential, serviced apartment tower and a 45,000sqm commercial office tower.

Indonesia
In May 2014, Savills announced it has established a presence in Jakarta, Indonesia, working in partnership with local experts, Property Connection Indonesia. In 2015 Savills established an Office Services and Occupier Representation capability,  expanding its Jakarta based business, when staff joined Savills Indonesia from property consultancy JLL.

United States
United States

In June 2014, Savills announced it had acquired 100% of Studley, Inc. a leading US independent commercial real estate services firm specialising in tenant representation with twenty five offices across the United States. Within the US, the new business was branded as Savills Studley. Studley was acquired in a $260 million deal including cash, Savills stock and promissory notes. Studley was founded in 1954 by Julien Studley, and in 2002 was bought by its 139 partners. The Savills deal brought more than 400 brokers and 175 support workers from Studley to the new firm.

Malaysia
In February 2015, Savills announced it had acquired a substantial shareholding in a Malaysian real estate business, previously trading as CBRE in Malaysia.  The business has close to 300 staff, and offices in Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor. Savills Malaysia managing director is Allan Soo.
Middle East
In June 2018, Savills announced it had acquired Cluttons Middle East business. Providing Agency, Management and Consultancy advice in both the Commercial and Residential sectors, the business employs 190 staff in offices across the UAE, Bahrain, Egypt, Oman and Saudi Arabia. The acquisition, which was completed on 31 May 2018, saw Savills take full ownership of Cluttons Middle East, which had been established in the region for more than 40 years. Cluttons Middle East is due to be re-branded as Savills during 2018.

Vietnam
Savills Vietnam is the largest and most experienced real estate practice in Vietnam, with offices in Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. In addition to residential real estate and investment brokerage, Savills Vietnam is also active in the hotel and leisure sector. In addition to providing advisory and industrial services, Savills Vietnam is also active in property management.
Surpassing other leading property professionals including CBRE and JLL, Savills Vietnam was recognized as Vietnam’s Best Property Consultancy and Best Real Estate Agency at the prestigious Asia Pacific Property Awards. The official announcement was made at the iPAX Asia Pacific Awards Ceremony on the third and fourth of May, 2018 in Thailand. These awards mark Savills Vietnam success for the 8th consecutive and last year with the programme.

Related pages
CBRE Group
Jones Lang LaSalle
Colliers International
Knight Frank
DTZ
CresaPartners
Foxtons

References

Further reading

Other websites
Official website

1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
1855 establishments in Europe
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies based in London
British financial companies
Hurricane Barry was the fourth recorded storm to make landfall at hurricane strength on the state of Louisiana in the month of July, the others being Bob in 1979, Danny in 1997, and Cindy in 2005. The second named storm and first hurricane of the annual hurricane season, Barry originated as a mesoscale convective vortex over the Midwestern United States on July 4. The system emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on July 10 and was classified as a potential tropical cyclone later that day. The system developed into a tropical storm on the next day, becoming the second named storm of the season. On July 13, Barry attained maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), with a minimum central pressure of 991 millibars (29.3 inHg), becoming the first hurricane of the season. Later that day, Barry made landfall on Marsh Island and Intracoastal City, Louisiana both times as a Category 1 hurricane, subsequently weakening to tropical storm status
. Late on July 15, Barry degenerated into a remnant low over northern Arkansas, before dissipating on July 19.
Storm history 

The storm originated from a low pressure area inside the Midwestern USA. It tracked south, and became a broad area of low pressure which the National Hurricane Center assessed a high chance that the low could become a tropical cyclone.

A day later, on July 10, the broad low-pressure system emerged from the Florida Panhandle into Apalachee Bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, attended by widespread showers and thunderstorms; concurrently, the NHC forecasted a high likelihood of tropical cyclone development within two days, noting a favorable environment and widespread convection, or thunderstorms, associated with the low.
By the morning of July 13, the thunderstorms moved closer to the center of circulation, as upper-level outflow expanded in all directions. The NHC estimated that Barry attained Category 1 hurricane status by 12:00 UTC that day, concluding that Barry was producing a small area of hurricane-force winds based on observations from the Hurricane Hunters, Doppler radar wind estimates of 75 mph (121 km/h), and recorded sustained winds of 72 mph (116 km/h) at Eugene Island oil field. Simultaneously, the storm reached its peak intensity, with a minimum central pressure of 991 millibars (29.3 inHg). At 18:00 UTC that day, Barry made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane on Intracoastal City, Louisiana, before weakening to tropical storm status. This made Barry the fourth tropical cyclone recorded making landfall as a hurricane on Louisiana in the month of July.

On July 15, the system became a low-pressure area, eventually becoming an extratropical system that brought heavy rain the Southern Ontario.
Impact 
On Florida, multiple beaches were closed prior to the formation of Barry. However, some swimmers ignored the warnings and a 67 year-old man was reported to be dead. In addition, there were strong winds and thunderstorms from the disturbance that would later become Barry in the Gulf of Mexico.
As Barry moved ashore the Louisiana coast on July 13, Entergy and Cleco, the two major electricity companies in southern Louisiana, reported the loss of power to over 114,000 customers. Power lines knocked down by fallen trees in the Metairie area cut power to 5,140 electricity customers in the New Orleans metropolitan area. The most widespread power outages occurred where wind speeds were highest in Lafourche Parish and Terrebonne Parish, as well as eastern Baton Rouge; over 39,000 lost power in these areas. All electricity customers in Grand Isle lost power, and a total of 4,300 customers were affected by power outages as Barry's initial rainbands swept across coastal Louisiana.

In Southern Ontario, many highways were blocked and several cars were submerged. Unusually, the storm produced a funnel cloud in Oro-Medonte, Southern Ontario.
In Arkansas, the highest rainfall total of  was recorded. A police station was flooded and a highway was closed. Also, 20 people and more than 70 animals were rescued from floodwaters. No one died in the state.

The total damage caused by Barry is about $600 million.

Related articles 
 2019 Atlantic hurricane season

Barry
Barry
Barry
Holland's schema theorem, also called the fundamental theorem of genetic algorithms, is a theorem regarding genetic algorithms. It says that individuals with a fitness that is higher than average are more likely to prevail.  John Holland proposed the theorem in the 1970s. At the start, it was used as the foundation for explanations of the power of genetic algorithms. This interpreation  has been criticized in several publications, where the Schema Theorem is shown to be a special case of the Price equation with the schema indicator function as the macroscopic measurement.  

A schema is a template that identifies a subset of strings with similarities at certain string positions. Schemata are a special case of cylinder sets, and hence form a topological space.

Description
Description 

Consider binary strings of length 6. The schema 1*10*1 describes the set of all strings of length 6 with 1's at positions 1, 3 and 6 and a 0 at position 4. The * is a wildcard symbol, which means that positions 2 and 5 can have a value of either 1 or 0. The order of a schema  is defined as the number of fixed positions in the template, while the defining length  is the distance between the first and last specific positions. The order of 1*10*1 is 4 and its defining length is 5. The fitness of a schema is the average fitness of all strings matching the schema. The fitness of a string is a measure of the value of the encoded problem solution, as computed by a problem-specific evaluation function. Using the established methods and genetic operators of genetic algorithms, the schema theorem states that short, low-order schemata with above-average fitness increase exponentially in successive generations. Expressed as an equation:
Here  is the number of strings belonging to schema  at generation ,  is the observed average fitness of schema  and  is the observed average fitness at generation . The probability of disruption  is the probability that crossover or mutation will destroy the schema . It can be expressed as:

where  is the order of the schema,  is the length of the code,  is the probability of mutation and  is the probability of crossover. So a schema with a shorter defining length  is less likely to be disrupted.An often misunderstood point is why the Schema Theorem is an inequality rather than an equality. The answer is in fact simple: the Theorem neglects the small, yet non-zero, probability that a string belonging to the schema  will be created "from scratch" by mutation of a single string (or recombination of two strings) that did not belong to  in the previous generation.

Limitation
Limitation

The schema theorem holds under the assumption of a genetic algorithm that maintains an infinitely large population, but does not always carry over to (finite) practice: due to sampling error in the initial population, genetic algorithms may converge on schemata that have no selective advantage. This happens in particular in multimodal optimization, where a function can have multiple peaks: the population may drift to prefer one of the peaks, ignoring the others.

The reason that the Schema Theorem cannot explain the power of genetic algorithms is that it holds for all problem instances, and cannot distinguish between problems in which genetic algorithms perform poorly, and problems for which genetic algorithms perform well.

References

 J. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The MIT Press; Reprint edition 1992 (originally published in 1975).
 J. Holland, Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity, Helix Books; 1996.

Algorithms
Ashurst may refer to:

Places

United Kingdom
Ashurst, Hampshire
Served by Ashurst New Forest railway station
Ashurst, Kent
Served by Ashurst (Kent) railway station
Ashurst, Lancashire
Ashurst, West Sussex
Ashurst Wood, West Sussex

Other places
Ashurst, Arizona, United States
Ashhurst, a town in New Zealand

People
Henry F. Ashurst (1874–1962), U.S. Senator from Arizona (1912–1941)
Len Ashurst (born 1939), English footballer and manager
Mark Ashurst-McGee (born 1969), Mormon historian
William Ashurst (footballer) (1894–1947), English footballer
William Ashurst (Lord Mayor of London) (1647–1720), English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament
Bill Ashurst (born 1948), English rugby league footballer
William Henry Ashurst (judge) (1725–1807), English judge
William Henry Ashurst (solicitor) (1792–1855), English solicitor
William Ashhurst (1647–1720), English politician and banker
Other uses
Ashurst baronets, an English baronetcy
Ashurst LLP, an international law firm headquartered in London
The Chinese economic reform () refers to the economic reforms in the People's Republic of China between the 1970s and 1990s. They were led by the Communist Party of China and Deng Xiaoping and started in December 1978. They were also called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

Why reform? 
Before the eighteenth century, China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies. Adam Smith agreed. However, Chinese economy began to slow down and even got worse by the 20th century. This was due to things like the First Sino-Japanese War and Second Sino-Japanese War.

Other than that, in 1978 the Chinese economy was on the brink of disaster as a consequence of the decisions of Mao Zedong.

How did they reform? 
The Communist Party began to fix the economy. It introduced market principles in 1978.
Part 1: In the 70s and 80s, they stopped requiring everybody to farm and stopped sending young people to the countryside. They also opened China to foreign investment, allowing people to start businesses. However, most businesses remained owned by the government.

Part 2: In the 80s and 90s, the PRC allowed much more private control of business (less government control, privatization). They removed price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations. Still state monopolies in banking and petroleum remained.

What happened next? 
The private sector grew remarkably, becoming 70% of China's gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth happened, with the economy increasing by 9.5% each year.

After 2005, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao controlled the economy more heavily, reversing some reforms. Xi Jinping undid some more reforms by allowing the government greater control in some areas of the economy.
Chinese society changed a lot because of these reforms. They greatly reduced poverty and increased average income. They have also led to China's rise as a world power.

References 

Pages with unreviewed translations
History of the People's Republic of China
Round-bottom flasks (round-bottomed flasks or RB flasks) are types of flasks having spherical bottoms used as laboratory glassware.

They are used mostly for chemical or biochemical work. Today, they are usually made of heat-resistant borosilicate glass. There is at least one tubular section known as the neck with an opening at the tip. Two or three-necked flasks are made. Round bottom flasks come in many sizes.

References 

Glass
Laboratory equipment
Roelof Johannes Nelissen (4 April 1931 – 18 July 2019) was a Dutch politician and businessman. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) (now the Christian Democratic Appeal). He was born in Hoofdplaat, Netherlands. Nelissen was the Deputy Prime Minister from 1971 to 1973 and Minister of Finance at the same time during the Barend Biesheuvel ministry. He was the CEO of the AMRO Bank from 1983 to 1991.

Nelissen died on 18 July 2019 in Hilversum, Netherlands at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Dutch bankers
Catholic People's Party politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch Roman Catholics
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Zeeland
Jan Cornelis Terlouw (born 15 November 1931) is a Dutch politician, physicist and writer. He is a member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party. Terlouw was born in Kamperveen, Netherlands. He was the Deputy Prime Minister and at the same time the Minister of Economic Affairs from 1981 to 1982 during the Dries van Agt ministry. A children's writer, his best known work is Winter in Wartime (Oorlogswinter, 1972).

References

1931 births
Living people
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Ágnes Heller (12 May 1929 – 19 July 2019) was a Hungarian philosopher and educator. She was a member of the Budapest School philosophical forum in the 1960s. She later taught political theory for 25 years at the New School for Social Research in New York City. She was born in Budapest.

Heller drowned while swimming at Lake Balaton in Balatonalmádi, Hungary on 19 July 2019, aged 90.

References

1929 births
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Accidental deaths by drowning
Hungarian philosophers
Political scientists
Political writers
Hungarian academics
Writers from Budapest
Masha Gessen (born Maria Alexandrovna Gessen () 13 January 1967) is a Russian-American journalist, author, translator and activist. She is known for being a very vocal critic of the Russian President Vladimir Putin and American President Donald Trump. She was born in Moscow.

Gessen is openly a lesbian. She lives in New York City.

Gessen has written columns for The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, New Statesman, Granta, Slate, Vanity Fair, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, and U.S. News & World Report.  Since 2017, she has been a staff writer for The New Yorker.

References

1967 births
Living people
American LGBT rights activists
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Journalists from New York City
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Sheila Dikshit (née Kapoor; (31 March 1938 – 20 July 2019) was an Indian politician. She was born in Kapurthala, Punjab. Dikshit was a member of the Indian National Congress. She was a member of Lok Sabha (1984–1989), Chief Minister of Delhi (1998–2013) and Governor of Kerala (2014).

Dikshit died at a hospital in New Delhi on 20 July 2019 of cardiac arrest, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Official profile, Government of Delhi website

1938 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Governors of Kerala
Raghunandan Lal Bhatia (3 July 1921 – 14 May 2021) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Kerala from 23 June 2004 to 10 July 2008 and was the Governor of Bihar from 10 July 2008 to 28 June 2009. He was born in Amritsar, Punjab. Bhatia was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1972. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. Bhatia retired in 2009.

Bhatia died from COVID-19 at a hospital in Amritsar on 14 May 2021, less than two months before he turned 100.

References

1921 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Bihar
Governors of Kerala
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Justice Mandagadde Rama Jois (27 July 1931 – 16 February 2021) was an Indian politician, activist and writer. He was a member of Rajya Sabha for the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the governor of the Jharkhand and Bihar states. He was Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1992. He was born in Araga, Shivamogga District.

Jois died of cardiac arrest on 16 February 2021 in Bangalore, India at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Bihar
Governors of Jharkhand
Indian writers
Indian activists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (born 1 May 1932) is an Indian politician. He was Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was a member of the Indian Parliament in the Rajya Sabha. Krishna was the 16th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th  Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008.

References

1932 births
Living people
Governors of Maharashtra