Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Frame Dragging Effects
In frame dragging, particles spin, and this spin has energy in it. (It is important to note that this is not quantum physics spin, but an actual angular momentum spin; the particles are actually spinning). Since spacetime is elastic in this theory, it can absorb the energy (spin) of the particle. This would slow down the spin of the particle.

Gravity
Mass has a strange effect that we experience in the normal world: it attracts other mass. Scientists have been spending centuries trying to explain this occurrence. Recently, they have discovered that mass has an effect that it can curve spacetime. This means that when mass is present, the shortest path through spacetime between two points is slightly bent towards wherever the mass is.
Since the energy absorbed by spacetime has to go somewhere, many scientists predict that spacetime would be "bunched up," or folded. This can also be phrased as a curvature (bend) in spacetime. This would indicate that the particle generated gravity. The reason that this theory is called "frame dragging" is probably due to the effect of particles effectively "dragging" or "grabbing" spacetime as they spin. Not only would space be curved, but time would as well.

However, the way to imagine this "gravity" is not so much as the force that we normally consider when we think of gravity, since normal gravity is created as well (due to its mass). Basically, frame dragging is an effect that occurs when one object is moving near another, which makes both objects change their motion because of the other's motion. Frame dragging does not occur if an object is neither spinning nor moving. In effect, one object "deflects" the motion of the other, and the other way around.
Wave-Particle Duality
Scientists such as Einstein and Schrödinger spent much of their lives trying to find an answer for how something like an electron can act like a wave and also act like a particle. Frame dragging states that since spacetime is elastic, it can also give the spin-energy back to the particle. Once the particle has all of  its spin-energy given back to it, it acts most like a wave. At that point, it will once again begin using its energy bunching up spacetime. Once the particle is no longer spinning, it acts most like a particle. Then, spacetime begins giving the particle its energy back, and the cycle continues forever. This is how a particle can actually act like a particle and a wave at nearly the same time. No energy is lost during the cycle due to the conservation of energy.
Strong force
Frame dragging also has an effect that if one particle is next to another, they can both save energy if one is absorbing energy as the other one is emitting it. (This can also increase the mass of both particles, using Einstein's famous equation that energy is equal to a certain amount of mass). This would encourage particles to group together, which would explain what strong force (a force that holds protons and neutrons in an atom nucleus together) is.
Evidence for Frame Dragging
There are effects that come out of the math of the frame dragging theory. Scientists have tested one where if a small spinning object is orbiting a larger spinning object, the smaller object will slowly adjust its spin axis (the imaginary line which an object rotates around) to align with the larger object's spin axis. This is known as the Lense-Thirring effect. They have tested this theory by having a gyroscope (an object that normally keeps its spin axis the same) orbit the Earth, and seeing its spin axis align with the Earth's.

References

Nuclear physics
Quantum mechanics
An Antimony pill is a pill made from metallic antimony. It was a popular remedy in the nineteenth century, used to purge and revitalise the bowels. In use, it is swallowed and allowed to pass through the body, after which it is recovered for reuse. They called it the everlasting pill.

References 

Withdrawn drugs
Aluminium antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AlSb. It has aluminium and antimonide ions in it. Compounds like it, such as gallium antimonide and indium antimonide can be made into LEDs and detectors for Infrared radiation but aluminium antimonide doesn't work as well. It is used instead to make the other compounds work better by stopping defects forming as they are made.

Properties
Aluminium antimonide is a black solid. It is a semiconductor. It reacts with acids to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It has properties between a salt and an alloy.

Related pages
Aluminium chloride
Zinc antimonide

Aluminium compounds
Antimony compounds
Antimonide is an ion. Its chemical formula is Sb3-. It has antimony in its -3 oxidation state. Antimonides are reducing agents. They react with acids to make stibine. Many antimonides have properties between a salt and an alloy. Many transition metal and post-transition metal antimonides are semiconductors.

Related pages
Nitride
Phosphide

Antimony compounds
Ions
Stibine, also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbH3. It is a covalent compound. It could be seen as having antimonide and hydrogen ions, or antimony and hydride ions.

Properties
Stibine is a colorless gas. It is very toxic. It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide. Its structure is similar to ammonia. It can be found in the Marsh test, a test for arsenic. Antimony is reacted with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid in a tube, making stibine. The stibine is heated and a shiny area of antimony is made in the heated part of the tube. 

Stibine easily decomposes into antimony and hydrogen at room temperature. This decomposition can be explosive. It burns very easily in air to make antimony trioxide and water. It can be deprotonated by very strong bases. Stibine melts at -88°C and boils at -17°C.
History
Stibine was first found in 1837. It was difficult to find its properties because people did not know of a good way to make it. In 1901, Alfred Stock found a good way to make this gas and found most of its properties.

Preparation
Stibine is made by reacting any antimonide with a strong acid. Some antimonides react with water to make this gas. Stibine can also be made by reacting any antimony(III) compound such as antimony trioxide with any hydride.

Uses
Stibine is used to dope semiconductors with antimony. Some claim that it is used as a fumigant, but phosphine works much better.

Safety
Stibine is a highly toxic gas, similar in toxicity to phosphine. It is too unstable to be of any hazard outside the laboratory, though.

Related pages
Arsine
Bismuthine
Aluminium antimonide

Antimony compounds
Zinc antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnSb. It has zinc and antimonide ions in it.

Properties
Zinc antimonide is a gray solid. Its properties are between an alloy and a salt. It reacts with water to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It is a semiconductor.

Preparation and Uses
It is made by heating zinc and antimony. It is used in transistors and infrared detectors.

Related pages
Aluminium antimonide
Zinc sulfate
Zinc chloride

Sources

Zinc compounds
Antimony compounds
Antimony tribromide, also known as antimony(III) bromide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbBr3. It has antimony and bromide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony tribromide is a colorless solid. It absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrobromic acid. It has covalent bonds in it and melts easily.

Preparation
It is made by reacting antimony and bromine or by reacting concentrated hydrobromic acid with antimony trioxide.

Uses
It is used as a fire retardant. It is also used in dyeing, and analytical chemistry.

Related pages
Antimony trichloride
Antimony sulfide

Antimony compounds
Bromine compounds
Antimony trichloride, also known as antimony(III) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl3. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid. It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride.

Preparation
It is made by reacting chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide.

Uses
It is used to detect Vitamin A. It is used to get horns off calves. It is also used as a catalyst.

Related pages
Antimony pentachloride
Phosphorus trichloride
Bismuth trichloride
Antimony trifluoride

Antimony compounds
Chlorine compounds
Antimony trifluoride, also known as antimony(III) fluoride or Swart's reagent, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF3. It has antimony and fluoride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony trifluoride is a light gray solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very corrosive. It has a strong odor.

Preparation
It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrofluoric acid or by reacting antimony with a little fluorine.

Uses
It is used to add fluoride ions to other chemical compounds in organic chemistry. A Belgian chemist reacted a chloride with antimony trifluoride and chlorine to make a fluoride from the chloride. It was used to make Freon. It is also used in pottery and dyeing.

Safety
Antimony trifluoride is highly corrosive. It is acidic and can burn the digestive system. It also makes ulcers.

Related pages
Bismuth trifluoride
Antimony tribromide

Antimony compounds
Fluorine compounds
Antimony triiodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbI3. It has antimony and iodide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties, preparation, and uses
Antimony triiodide is a red solid. It is made by reacting antimony with iodine or by reacting concentrated hydriodic acid with antimony trioxide. It is used as a dopant.

Related pages
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trichloride
Antimony tribromide

Antimony compounds
Iodine compounds
Antimony trioxide, also known as antimony(III) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. It has antimony in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony trioxide is a white solid. It is the most common antimony compound. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with oxidizing agents to make antimony pentoxide and with reducing agents to make antimony or stibine. It reacts with concentrated acids to make antimony(III) salts and dissolves in strong bases.

Occurrence

Antimony trioxide is found in two minerals, valentinite and senarmontite. Valentinite is a white mineral that is sometimes pale yellow.
Preparation
Antimony trioxide is made when antimony is made. Stibnite is heated with air to make antimony trioxide. It is separated from arsenic by the boiling of the arsenic trioxide before the antimony trioxide boils. Antimony trioxide can also be made by a two step process. Stibnite is burned in air with calcium chloride to make calcium sulfate and antimony trichloride, which is reacted with water to make antimony trioxide.

Uses
Antimony trioxide is mainly used as a flame retardant. It is also used to make glass, enamel, and ceramic opaque (not clear). Some pigments have antimony in them. It is also used as a catalyst for making plastics. It is also used as a catalyst for vulcanizing rubber, making it more "rubbery" and less likely to crack.

Safety
Antimony trioxide is somewhat carcinogenic. It is somewhat toxic when eaten or breathed in.

Related pages
Antimony tribromide
Antimony pentafluoride
Bismuth trioxide

Antimony compounds
Oxides
Valentinite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It is a mineral form of antimony trioxide. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3. It is colorless to white. Its specific gravity is 5.76. It is made when stibnite is oxidized. 

Minerals
Antimony trisulfide, also known as antimony(III) sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It has antimony and sulfide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony trisulfide is a gray solid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and an antimony(III) compound. It dissolves in potassium hydroxide. It burns in air to make antimony(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide. It is a reducing agent.

Occurrence
Stibnite is the mineral form of antimony trisulfide.

Preparation
Antimony trisulfide is made in the laboratory by reacting any antimony(III) compound with hydrogen sulfide.

Uses
Antimony trisulfide is used in cosmetics; in this area it is called kohl. It is used in pyrotechnics to make a glitter effect. It is also used in the heads of safety matches. It used to be used in flash powder before electronic flashes were used.

Related pages
Antimony trichloride
Bismuth(III) sulfide

Antimony compounds
Sulfur compounds
Stibnite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It is the main ore of antimony. The American Museum of Natural History has a huge crystal of stibnite. Stibnite is soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2. Its specific gravity is 4.63.

Minerals
Antimony compounds
Antimony tetroxide, also known as antimony tetraoxide or antimony(III,V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O4. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is both in the +3 and the +5 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony tetroxide is a white solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It turns yellow when heated and turns white again when cooled.

Occurrence and preparation
Antimony tetroxide is found as the mineral cervantite. It is made by heating antimony trioxide with air, burning antimony in air, or heated antimony pentoxide strongly.

Related pages
Antimony trichloride
Phosphorus pentoxide
Bismuth pentoxide

Antimony compounds
Oxides
Antimony pentachloride, also known as antimony(V) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl5. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony pentachloride is a colorless or yellow liquid. It releases toxic and odorous (bad odor) fumes in air. It melts at 2.8°C and boils at 140°C. It reacts with water to make antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in chloroform. It absorbs water to form a solid hydrate. It is a strong oxidizing agent.

Preparation
It is made by reacting liquid antimony trichloride with chlorine.

Uses
It is used in a test for caesium. It is also used in the making of chemicals and dyes.

Related pages
Antimony pentafluoride
Antimony trifluoride
Bismuth pentafluoride

Antimony compounds
Chlorine compounds
Antimony chloride can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

Antimony trichloride, SbCl3
Antimony pentachloride, SbCl3
Antimony pentafluoride, also known as antimony(V) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF5. It has five antimony-fluorine bonds. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state.

Properties
Antimony pentafluoride is a colorless thick liquid. It is an extremely powerful oxidizing agent and very reactive. It can oxidize oxygen in the present of fluorine. This is not normal as oxygen normally oxidizes other things; it does not get oxidized. It can make very strong acids when mixed with hydrogen fluoride. It was used in the first reaction that used fluorides to make fluorine.

Preparation
It is made by reacting antimony pentoxide or antimony pentachloride with hydrofluoric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony trifluoride with fluorine.

Uses
It is used to make very strong acids.

Safety
Antimony pentafluoride reacts with most chemical compounds. It is extremely corrosive and poisonous.

Related pages
Antimony tribromide
Bismuth pentafluoride
Antimony tetroxide
Antimony compounds
Fluorine compounds
Antimony pentoxide, also known as antimony pentaoxide and antimony(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O5. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state.

Properties 
It is a yellow solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid to make antimony pentachloride and antimony pentafluoride. It breaks down to antimony tetroxide when heated to a high temperature.

Preparation 
It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with nitric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony pentafluoride or antimony pentachloride with water.

Uses 
Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.

Related pages 
Antimony trichloride
Antimony triiodide
Bismuth pentoxide

Antimony compounds
Oxides
Lucas Alan Cruikshank (born August 29, 1993) is an American comedian and television actor.

He was born in Columbus, Nebraska on August 29, 1993.

He created his character Fred Figglehorn, and his Fred series for his channel, on the video-sharing website YouTube. These videos are about Fred Figglehorn, a fictional 6-year-old who has a weird home life and "anger management issues".

Cruikshank is openly gay. In a video released August 20, 2013, he came out saying "I'm gay. I feel so weird saying it on camera. But my family and friends have known for like three years. I just haven't felt the need to announce it on the Internet."

References

Other websites

 
 Fred Figglehorn official website 

1993 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American YouTubers
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
American LGBT people
Actors from Nebraska
Comedians from Nebraska
Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type virus of Flaviviridae; flavus means "yellow" in Latin.

They include the following genera:
 Genus Flavivirus (type species Yellow fever virus, others include West Nile virus and Dengue fever)
 Genus Hepacivirus 
 Genus Pestivirus

Viruses
Paramyxoviruses (from Greek para-, beyond, -myxo-, mucus or slime, plus virus, from Latin poison, slime) are viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family of the Mononegavirales order; they are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses responsible for a number of human and animal diseases.

Viruses
During World War II, the Netherlands was taken by Germany by military force, and occupied it between 1940-1945. It started with the Battle of the Netherlands in 10 May 1940. On May 15, the Dutch government surrendered and the Germans took over. The Dutch government went to London. The country was liberated on 5 May 1945, when the Germans surrendered to the Canadian forces.

Related pages 
 Dutch resistance (people who fought against the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands)

1940s in the Netherlands
World War II
Protection (1994) is Bristol-based trip-hop band Massive Attack's second album.

Sound
Protection was featured in the top ten of Rolling Stone magazine's 'Coolest Albums of All Time List,' calling it "great music for when you're driving around a city at 4 am," due to the 'chill out' nature of the album.  Like most of Massive Attack's albums, the music often forgets about categorisation, ranging from R&B (title track, Sly) to hip hop/rap (Karmacoma, Eurochild) to reggae-tinged synthpop (Spying Glass) to classical-influenced electronica instrumentals (Weather Storm, Heat Miser).

Paul Evans of Rolling Stone gave the album three and a half of five stars calling it "Cool, sexy stuff, it smoothly fuses dub, club and soul, grounding its grace in sampled hip-hop beats."

It is the second and last Massive Attack album listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
The track "Karmacoma" featured vocals from Tricky, and the video was directed by Jonathan Glazer. The song also features a sample from the track "Dream Time in Lake Jackson" by The KLF, which can be found 2:00 minutes in.

DJ Mad Professor remixed the album in 1995 under the name No Protection.

Track listing
"Protection" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Thorn) – 7:51
"Karmacoma" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Tricky/Norfolk/Locke) – 5:16
"Three" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Hooper/Suwoton) – 3:49
"Weather Storm" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Hooper/Armstrong/Harmon/Napoleon/Lloyd /Murray) – 4:59
"Spying Glass" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Hooper/Andy) – 5:20
"Better Things" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Thorn/Watt/Brown) – 4:13
"Eurochild" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Tricky/Norfolk/Locke) – 5:11
"Sly" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Hooper/Suwoton/Goldman) – 5:24
"Heat Miser" (Vowles/Del Naja/Marshall/Hooper/de Vries) – 3:39
"Light My Fire" (live) (The Doors Cover) – 3:15

References
References

1994 albums
Massive Attack albums
Trip hop albums
Virgin Records albums
Neneh Marianne Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), known as Neneh Cherry is a Swedish singer-songwriter and rapper of mixed African-European descent. Cherry is also an occasional DJ and broadcaster. Cherry blends hip hop with other influences, and experienced some mainstream success with several of her recordings.

Early life
Cherry was born in Stockholm. A biracial woman, Cherry's father is from the Sierra Leone in West Africa and her mother, Moki, is from Sweden. However, she was raised by the African American jazz musician  Don Cherry (1936-1995), whom her mother married early in her life.

Career

Early days in London
Cherry left school at 14 and moved to London, where she joined the punk rock band "The Cherries". Cherry moved through several bands, including New Age Steppers, Rip Rig + Panic (with whom she appeared on an episode of cult sitcom The Young Ones in 1982), and Float Up CP. She also DJ'd, playing early rap music on the reggae pirate Dread Broadcasting Corporation.
Raw Like Sushi
In 1988 "Buffalo Stance" was released. Cherry's first album Raw Like Sushi was released on 2 May 1989.

Homebrew
In 1992 Cherry's second album Homebrew was released. It did not sell as many copies as Raw Like Sushi.

Man
In 1996 Cherry released Man.

Blank Project
In February 2014 Cherry released her first solo album in 18 years, Blank Project.

References

1964 births
Living people
Musicians from Stockholm
Rappers
Singers from Stockholm
Writers from Stockholm
Trip hop musicians
Blue Lines is usually considered the first trip hop album, although the term was not used commonly until years later. The album was a success in the United Kingdom, reaching #13 in the albums chart; sales were limited elsewhere. A mix of electronic music, hip hop, dub music, '70s soul music and reggae, the album established Massive Attack as one of the most best British bands of the 1990s and the founder of trip hop's Bristol Sound. Music critic Simon Reynolds stated that the album also marked a change in electronic/dance music, "a shift toward a more interior, meditational sound. The songs on Blue Lines run at 'spliff' tempos – from a mellow, moonwalking 90 beats per minute ...down to a positively torpid 67 bpm." The group also drew inspiration from concept albums in various genres by artists such as Pink Floyd, Public Image Ltd., Billy Cobham, Herbie Hancock and Isaac Hayes.
Blue Lines featured breakbeats, sampling, and rapping on a number of tracks, but the design of the album differed from common hip hop. Massive Attack approached the American-born hip hop movement from an underground British perspective, as well as incorporating live instruments into the mixes. It features the vocals of Shara Nelson and Horace Andy, along with the rapping of Tricky Kid. Blue Lines proved to be popular in the club scene, as well as on college radio stations.

Daddy G said about the making of the album:

References

Massive Attack albums
Trip hop albums
Virgin Records albums
An instant camera is a type of camera that will generate a developed photo. The best-known examples were the instant film cameras developed by Polaroid.

Cameras
Antimony oxide can refer to any of these chemical compounds:

Antimony trioxide, Sb2O3, white solid
Antimony tetroxide, Sb2O4, white solid
Antimony pentoxide, Sb2O5, yellow solid
Shinji Ikari (碇シンジ) is a main character in Neon Genesis Evangelion. He is the pilot of Evangelion Unit 01.

Profile
Shinji was born on June 6, 2001. His father, Gendo (ゲンドウ), is the commander of NERV. His mother, Yui (ユイ), died when Shinji was a child. Shinji lives in "Tokyo-3", a city built, after the original Tokyo was destroyed. He is a junior high school student and the pilot of Unit 01. He plays the cello. His blood type is A.

Personality
Shinji has low self-esteem. He is scared of piloting, and has left NERV a few times. He always returns, because he wants his father to be proud of him. Shinji makes a few friends throughout the series. He courageously tries to help them when they have problems, even if he could get hurt.

Relationships

Asuka Soryu
Asuka is a selfish American-German pilot of Unit-02. She insults anyone who tried to support her.

Gendo Ikari
Shinji does not spend time with his father often.
Rei Ayanami
Rei feels more lonely than Shinji, but acts like she does not have feelings. He is curious about her.

Misato Katsuragi
Shinji's guardian who lives in her apartment.

Quotes
 "I mustn’t run away."

References

GAINAX NET , GAINAX Official web site. Retrieved 22.12.2010

Nihon TV Official web site , Nihon TV Official web site. Retrieved 22.12.2010 

Television characters
Anime characters
Tracy Lauren Marrow (born February 16, 1958), better known by his stage name Ice-T, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor, and producer. He was born in Newark, New Jersey and moved to Summit, New Jersey during his childhood. He moved to Los Angeles, California in his early teens. His movies include Ricochet and New Jack City. He is best known for his role in the TV series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

References

Other websites 
 

1958 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New Jersey
African American actors
African American musicians
American movie actors
Rappers from New Jersey
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Movie producers from California
Movie producers from New Jersey
Gangsta rappers
Hardcore hip hop artists
New Edition is an American R&B/pop music group from Boston's neighborhood Roxbury. It was formed in 1978. The members of the group are Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, Ronnie DeVoe, Bobby Brown, Johnny Gill and Ralph Tresvant. They released hit songs, including "Mr. Telephone Man" and "Candy Girl" during the 1980s and 1990s. They were one of the first boy bands.

Brown left the group around 1985. Gill was later added to the group in 1987. Brown, Gill, and Tresvant became solo while the remaining three members formed the trio Bell Biv DeVoe. All six members reunited in the 1990s for their sixth album Home Again (1996). 

   
American boy bands
American R&B bands
African-American musical groups
Musical groups from Boston
Musical groups established in 1978
Sophie Marceau (; born 17 November 1966) is a French actress, director and screenwriter.

Filmography
Actress
 La Boum (The Party) (1980) as Victoire Beretton
 La Boum 2 (1982)
 Fort Saganne (1984) as Madeleine de Saint-Ilette
 Joyeuses Pâques (Happy Easter) (1984) as Julie
 L'Amour braque (Mad Love) (1985) as Mary
 Police (Police) (1985) as Norya
 Descente aux enfers (Descent Into Hell) (1986) as Lola Kolber
 L'Étudiante (The Student) (1988) as Valentine Ezquerra
 Chouans! (1988) as Céline
 Mes nuits sont plus belles que vos jours (My Nights Are More Beautiful Than Your Days) (1989) as Blanche
 Pacific Palisades (1990) as Bernadette
 Pour Sacha (For Sacha) (1991) as Laura
 La Note bleue (The Blue Note) (1991) as Solange Sand
 Fanfan (Fanfan & Alexandre) (1993) as Fanfan
 La Fille de d'Artagnan (D'Artagnan's Daughter) (1994) as Eloïse d'Artagnan
 Braveheart (1995) as Princess Isabelle
 Beyond the Clouds (Al di là delle nuvole) (1995)
 Anna Karenina (1997) as Anna Karenina
 Marquise (1997, by Véra Belmont) as Marquise du Parc
 Firelight (1997, by William Nicholson) as Élisabeth Laurier
Lost & Found (1999) as Lila Dubois
 A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999) as Hippolyta
 The World Is Not Enough (1999) as "Bond girl" Elektra King
 La Fidélité (Fidelity) (2000) as Clélia
 Belphégor – Le fantôme du Louvre (Belphegor, Phantom of the Louvre) (2001) as Lisa
 Alex and Emma (2003) as Polina Delacroix
 Je reste! (2003) – Marie-Dominique Delpire
 Les clefs de bagnole (The Car Keys) (2003)
 A ce soir (2004) as Nelly
 Anthony Zimmer (2005) as Chiara Manzoni
 La Disparue de Deauville (2007) as Lucie/Victoria
 [es Femmes de l'Ombre (Female Agents) (2008)
 LOL (Laughing Out Loud) (2008)
 De l'autre côté du lit  (2008)
 Don't Look Back (2009)
 L'homme de Chevet (Cartagena) (2009)
 L'âge de raison (2010)
Writer and director
 L'Aube à l'envers (short film) (1995)
 Speak to Me of Love (2002)
 La Disparue de Deauville (2007)

Other websites 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from Paris
Actresses who played Bond girls
Child actors
French movie actors
French screenwriters
Movie directors from Paris
Writers from Paris
Marie Louise d'Orléans (26 March 1662 – 12 February 1689) was the first wife of King Charles II of Spain. She was a granddaughter of Louis XIII of France. In her adopted country, she was known as Maria Luisa de Orléans.

Background

Marie Louise d'Orléans was born at the Palais Royal in Paris and was the eldest daughter of Philippe of France and Henrietta of England. 

Charming, pretty and graceful, Marie Louise was her father's favourite and she had a happy childhood. Marie Louise spent a lot of time with both her grandmothers - Anne of Austria and Queen Henrietta Maria. For a time she was raised with the future Queen Anne I of Great Britain, her first cousin who lived in France till 1670. Marie Louise's mother died the same year and her father married Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate in 1671. All her life, Marie Louise would maintain an affectionate correspondence with her stepmother.
Marriage
She was forced to marry Charles II of Spain. The proxy marriage ceremony took place at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 30 August 1679. On 19 November 1679, Marie Louise and Charles II were married in-person in Quintanapalla, near Burgos, Spain. This was the start of a very lonely existence at the Spanish court. Her new husband had fallen madly in love with her, whose beauty and charm were renowned, and his passion for her remained with him until the end of his life. The very rigid etiquette of the Spanish Court (it was even forbidden to touch the Queen), and her unsuccessful attempts to bear a child, however, caused her to suffer from depression. 

Her French attendants were all accused of plotting against the king and his family and, as a result, one of her personal maids was tortured under allegations. Due to the nature of the times, and the Spanish Court’s hatred of the young French princess, there were even riots outside the Palace in Madrid where she resided.
After years of trying and of increasing homesickness of her happy years in France with her family, Marie Louise turned to food. During the last years of her life, she became overweight. After horseback riding on 11 February 1689, she felt a severe pain in the abdomen which forced her to lie down the rest of the evening. She died the following night. 

Her husband was heartbroken at the death of his wife. At the time, there were rumours that she had been poisoned but it seems likely that the real cause of Marie Louise's death was appendicitis. Shortly after the Queen's death, the Spanish ministers began to look for a second wife for the King. The main candidates were the Tuscan princess Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici and the Maria Anna of Neuburg and the latter was chosen. Charles II died childless in 1700 ending the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg.

Other websites

1662 births
1689 deaths
Deaths from appendicitis
Kings and Queens consort of Spain
House of Orléans
Habsburg Dynasty
People from Paris
Andrew Lee Isaac Vowles (born 10 November 1967, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, England), also known as Mushroom, is a founding member of British trip-hop band Massive Attack.

Early years
Vowles grew up in Bath. The same time to Massive Attack, Vowles, along with Robert Del Naja, Grant Marshall, Nellee Hooper, and others were The Wild Bunch crew, named after a western by Sam Peckinpah. Several members of The Wild Bunch formed Massive Attack.

Career

Vowles stayed a member of Massive Attack until shortly after the release of their third full-length album, Mezzanine, in 1998. Interviews with band members have pointed to differences of opinion in the direction the band should go; Vowles liking a hip-hop direction while Robert Del Naja and Daddy G leaned more towards darker electronica themes. He also had expressed a dislike for touring, an activity which he characterised as "pimping".

References

1967 births
Living people
British musicians
Massive Attack
Trip hop musicians
Marie Jeanne of Savoy (Marie Jeanne Baptiste; 11 April 1644 – 15 March 1724) was Duchess of Savoy as wife of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. She acted as Regent for her son Victor Amadeus II and was the sister of the Queen of Portugal.

Biography
Biography

She was born a Princess of Savoy in Paris. Married by proxy to Charles of Lorraine in 1662, Lorraine soon refused to recognise the union. Despite this, she married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy in 1665 who was her second cousin once removed. The mother of the future Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia who saw the elevation of the House of Savoy to kings, she styled herself as Madama Reale or Madame Royale and acted as Regent of Savoy from 1675 in the name of her son Victor Amadeus II who was his successor. Her regency officially ended in 1680 but she maintained power for four years until her son banished her from further influence in the state. She left a considerable architectural legacy in Turin and was responsible for the remodelling of the Palazzo Madama which was her private residence. At the time of her death she was the mother of the King of Sardinia as well as great-grandmother of the King of Spain and King of France as well as the mother of the King of Sardinia.

Name
Name

Her name in French would be translated as Marie "Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie" whereas in Italian it would translate as "Maria Giovanna Battista di Savoia". The addition of Nemours to either is incorrect and holds no relevance to her other than she was a daughter of a duke of Nemours. The French version of her name is used more than its Italian variant. Therefore, she is known as simply Marie Jeanne of Savoy.

Issue

 Victor Amadeus II (4 May 1666 – 31 October 1732) married Anne Marie d'Orléans and had children. Later became the king of Sardinia.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

 11 April 1644 – 20 May 1665 Her Serene Highness Mademoiselle de Nemours
 20 May 1665 – 12 June 1675 Her Highness the Duchess of Savoy
 12 June 1675 – 15 March 1724 Her Highness the Dowager Duchess of Savoy

References

Other websites

1644 births
1724 deaths
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
People from Paris
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Regents
Charles Emmanuel II (20 June 1634 – 12 June 1675) was the Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine Marie of France until 1663. He was also the claimant king of Cyprus and Jerusalem. At his death in 1675 his second wife Marie Jeanne of Savoy acted as Regent for their eleven-year-old son.

Biography

He was born in Turin to Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy and Christine Marie of France. In 1638 at the death of his older brother Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel succeeded to the duchy of Savoy at the age of 4. His mother governed in his place, and even after reaching adulthood, Charles Emmanuel continued a life of pleasure, far away from the affairs of state.

Only after the death of his mother in 1663, he really assumed power.
But he greatly improved commerce and wealth in the Duchy, developing the port of Nice and building a road through the Alps towards France. He also reformed the army by forming five Piedmontese regiments and recreated cavalry, as well as introducing uniforms. He also restored fortifications. He constructed many beautiful buildings in Turin, for instance the Palazzo Reale where he died. He is buried at Turin Cathedral.

Marriages

Charles Emmanuel married twice.

 Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans (1648-d.1664) daughter of Gaston, Duke of Orléans on 4 March 1663.
 Marie Jeanne of Savoy (1644-1724) daughter of Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours on 20 May 1665.

Issue

Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, future King of Sicily and later Sardinia married Anne Marie d'Orléans and had issue.
Charles Emmanuel II also had a number of illegitimate children.

1634 births
1675 deaths
People from Turin
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
House of Savoy
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Victor Amadeus II (Vittorio Amedeo Sebastiano; 14 May 1666 – 31 October 1732) was Duke of Savoy from 1675 to 1730. He also held the titles of Marquis of Saluzzo, Duke of Montferrat, Prince of Piedmont, Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nizza.

Biography

He was the only child born to Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy and Marie Jeanne of Savoy. At his fathers death in 1675, his mother took over a regency in the name of her nine year old son and would remain in de facto power till 1684 when Victor Amadeus banished her further involvement in the state. Louis XIV organised his marriage to Anne Marie d'Orléans in order to maintain French influence in the Duchy but Victor Amadeus soon broke away from the influence of France. Anne Marie was a devoted wife but Victor Amadeus did not love her.
Having fought in the War of the Spanish Succession, he became king of Sicily in 1713 but he was forced to exchange this title and instead became king of Sardinia to which his direct descendants claim as part of the Kingdom of Italy. He abdicated in 1730 and the crown was inherited by his son Charles Emmanuel III. Victor Amadeus left a considerable cultural influence in Turin remodelling the Royal Palace of Turin, Palace of Venaria, Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi as well as building the Basilica of Superga where he rests.

Family and issue
Family and issue

His distant relationship with his mother was always strained and has been blamed on her ambition to keep power to herself. Marie Jeanne spent most of her time relegated to state business which she enjoyed and had little time for her only child whom she kept under close supervision in order to make sure he would try to assume power. Anne Marie gave her husband six children but also had two stillbirths of each gender one in 1691 and again in 1697. Three of these children would go on to have further progeny including the eldest Maria Adelaide who was the mother of Louis XV of France. His second daughter Maria Luisa known in the family as Louison would marry Philip V of Spain in 1701 and was also regent of Spain for various periods. These two marriages were tactics used by Louis XIV to keep Victor Amadeus close to France prior to the War of the Spanish Succession.
His relationship with his younger son and eventual successor Charles Emmanuel was a cold one and the two were never close. Victor Amadeus organised the first two marriages of Charles Emmanuel the first one being to Anne Christine of Sulzbach, daughter of the Count Palatine of Sulzbach which produced a son which died in infancy. The second marriage was to Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg a first cousin of Anne Christine and mother of six children including the future Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

Legitimate issue

Maria Adelaide of Savoy (1685–1712); married Louis, Duke of Burgundy and had issue;
Maria Anna of Savoy (1687–1690);
Maria Luisa of Savoy (1688–1714) married Philip V of Spain and had issue;
Victor Amadeus of Savoy (1699–1715) died unmarried;
Charles Emmanuel of Savoy (1701–1773); the next Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia.
Emanuele Philibert of Savoy (1705-1705) died in infancy.
Illegitimate issue
 Maria Vittoria of Savoy (1690–1766) married Victor Amadeus, Prince of Carignan and had issue;
Vittorio Francesco of Savoy (1694–1762) married Maria Lucrezia Franchi di Pont, had no issue.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

14 May 1666–12 June 1675 His Highness the Prince of Piedmont
12 June 1675–June 1689 His Highness the Duke of Savoy
June 1689–22 September 1713 His Royal Highness the Duke of Savoy
22 September 1713–24 August 1720 His Majesty the King of Sicily
24 August 1720–3 September 1730 His Majesty the King of Sardinia
3 September 1730–31 October 1732 His Majesty King Victor Amadeus

1666 births
1732 deaths
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
People from Turin
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Burials at the Basilica of Superga
Deaths from stroke
Smallpox survivors
Robert Emerson Clampett Sr. (May 8, 1913 – May 2, 1984) was an American animator, director, producer and puppeteer. He was one of the important people in the history of American animation. He claimed to have invented the characters of Porky Pig, Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny.

Clampett was born in San Diego, California, on May 8, 1913. He held a number of jobs including a newspaper cartoonist, and at Disney, before becoming an animator for Harman-Ising.

He died in Detroit, Michigan, on May 2, 1984.

References

1913 births
1984 deaths
American animators
American puppeteers
Businesspeople from San Diego, California
Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (29 May 1627 – 5 April 1693) known as La Grande Mademoiselle, was the eldest daughter of Gaston d'Orléans, and his first wife Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (duchess in her own right). She inherited her title from her mother and was given to her first cousin the Duke of Orléans  in 1695 by order of Louis XIV when it was clear that Anne Marie Louise would not have children. She was known as Mademoiselle for most of her life. She was the wealthiest woman of her time.

Biography
Biography

Her mother died giving birth to her. Her mother was the Duchess of Montpensier in her own right and the title was inherited by Anne Marie Louise. She was one of the greatest heiresses in history. She died unmarried and childless, leaving her vast fortune to her cousin, Philippe of France. After a string of proposals from various members of European royalty, including Charles II of England, Afonso VI of Portugal and Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy, she eventually fell in love with Antoine Nompar de Caumont, Duke of Lauzun and scandalised the court when she asked Louis XIV for permission to marry him, as such a union was viewed as a mésalliance. She is best remembered for her role in the Fronde, bringing the famous opera composer Jean Baptiste Lully to the king's court, and her Mémoires. She carried out various improvements to the Château of Eu, Château of Saint-Fargeau and Château of Choisy, her personal properties.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and Styles
Titles and Styles

  29 May 1627 – 4 June 1693 Her Royal Highness Mademoiselle.
  4 June 1627 – 5 April 1693 Her Royal Highness, Mademoiselle, the Duchess of Montpensier.

Other websites 

1627 births
1693 deaths
House of Orléans
People from Paris
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
Smallpox survivors
Dukes and Duchesses of Montpensier
Canine distemper is a viral disease that affects animals in the families Canidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae and some Felidae (though not domestic cats: feline distemper or panleukopenia is a different virus exclusive to cats). It is most commonly associated with domestic animals such as dogs and ferrets, although it can infect wild animals as well. It is a single-stranded RNA virus of the family paramyxovirus, and thus a close relative of measles and rinderpest. Despite extensive vaccination in many regions, it remains a major disease of dogs.

Animal diseases
Diseases caused by viruses
Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo is a comic published in Weekly Shonen-Jump. It is a serial comic that started in 1976. "Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari-kouenmae hashutsujo" is called "Kochikame" for short. This comic is in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest running serial comic. This comic been made into animated cartoons, drama and movies.

Author
The author is Osamu Akimoto. He was born 11 December 1952, in Tokyo. He got a "Young-Jump Prize" in 1976, then debuted with his short story, and started serial publication on September 1976. He had never been withheld from publication. His masterpieces are "Mr.Clice", "Tokyo-Hukagawa Sandaime" and so on.

Main Characters

Kankichi Ryotsu
The hero of this comic. He is a policeman of Shin-Katsushika police station. One of his hobbies is moneymaking. He is the best tough guy in this comic.
Height:161cm  
Weight:71kg  
Birthday: 3 March  
Blood type:B
Keiichi Nakagawa
He is a policeman of Shin-Katsushika police station. In addition, the son of "Nakagawa financial combine". He is very handsome, tall and versatility policeman. He knows nothing of the world.
Height:185cm  
Weight:65kg  
Birthday:24 December  
Blood type:O

Reiko Akimoto
She is a policewoman of  Shin-Katsushika police station. In addition, the daughter of "Akimoto trading company". She has a beautiful face but she is a masculine woman. She appeared from 100th story.
Height:177cm  
Weight:46kg  
Birthday: 7 July
Blood type:O

Daijirou Ohara
He is a policeman of Shin-Katsushika police station. The boss of Kameari-kouenmae hashutsujo. He is tender toward everyone but strict with working.
Height:162cm  
Weight:65kg  
Birthday: He changes his birthday for his own convenience.
Blood type:A

References
 "Cho-Kochikame" September,2006
 Jump Comics "Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari-kouenmae hashutsujo" vol.001~200
Other websites
 http://www.j-kochikame.com/  Official Site (Japanese)
Comics
Japanese literature
, also romanized as "Inou",  was born in Kujyukuri, Chiba. His real name was Jinbo Sanjiro. He was a Japanese surveyor and mapmaker. He was the first person who made an accurate map of Japan. He started his travel through Japan in 1800. He walked together with his group about 44,000 km to create a map of Japan. When he died in 1818, Takahashi Kageyasu took over and finished the map in 1821.

History
He was born in Kujukuri, Chiba. When he was 18 years old, he was adopted by the Inou family in Sawara. The Inou family was in a difficult situation because they did not earn much money. However, he ran the family business and it succeeded. When he was 50 years old, he went to Edo to study astronomy because he was interested in it.
Making a map
In 1800, when he was 55 years old, he went to Hokkaido and started to make a map. After three years, he finished making a map of East Japan. Before making a map, the government opposed him making it but it was very accurate. Therefore, the government ordered him to make a map of West Japan. In 1815, he completed it.

Commemoration
After his death, some monuments and commemoration were built. For example, Ino Tadataka Anniversary Park in Kujukuri is one of the famous commemorations. In 1995, the Japanese government made a commemorative 80 Yen postage stamp.

References

1745 births
1818 deaths
People from Chiba Prefecture
Cartographers
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt. He served from 15 October 1970 until he was assassinated by Islamic extremists on 6 October 1981.

Early life
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat was born in 1918 into a family with 13 children, and attended a military school. After his graduation, he was sent to an outpost where he met and became a close friend of Gamal Abdel Nasser. There, the two of them became part of a group of young soldiers who later became the Free Officers group (both Nasser and Sadat were colonels) that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Nasser became the president after the revolution, and Sadat served as one of Nasser's ministers until he died in 1970.

Presidency
Presidency

Sadat was chosen as president because Nasser's supporters saw him as someone who they could control. They did not think he would be president for very long. However, in his eleven years as president Sadat changed a lot of the things Nasser had set in place, and made Egypt respected for its military strength and political power in the Middle East. On 6 October 1973, Sadat started the October War together with Syria, to try to take back the land Israel had taken from them six years earlier in the Six-Day War. The Egyptian army was very successful at the start of the war, and their advance across the Suez Canal into the Sinai Peninsula surprised Israel and the rest of the world. This success made Sadat a hero in Egypt, and for a time throughout the Arab World.