Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981, Basel) is a former professional Swiss tennis player. 

Federer spent 310 weeks at the top spot in the world ranking, the second-most behind Novak Djokovic. He holds the record for most weeks at the top spot in a row, with 237 weeks. Many experts believe that Federer is among the greatest tennis players of all time. He won 20 Grand Slam singles titles: six at the Australian Open (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017 and 2018), one at the French Open (2009), eight at Wimbledon (2003 to 2007, 2009, 2012 and 2017) and five at the U.S. Open (2004 to 2008). In 2007, he equalled the record for the most titles in a row (five) at Wimbledon set by Björn Borg. He won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four years in a row (2005–2008), and again in 2018.
Federer's first language is Swiss-German and he speaks English, German and French very well. He also speaks some Swedish and Italian. His wife is former tennis player Mirka Vavrinec. After Wimbledon 2009, he became a father of twin girls who were named Charlene Riva and Myla Rose.
In May 2014 he became a father again, to twin boys named Leo and Lenny.

Grand Slam record 
This table shows Federer's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles competition.

References

1981 births
Living people
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Swiss Olympic gold medalists
Swiss Olympic silver medalists
People from Graubünden‎
Swiss tennis players
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Martina Hingis (born 30 September 1980 in Košice, Slovakia, then Czechoslovakia) is a Swiss professional tennis player who spent a total of 209 weeks as World No. 1. She is known as the "Swiss Miss". She has won five Grand Slam singles titles, three at the Australian Open (1997 to 1999), one at Wimbledon (1997) and one at the U.S. Open (1997). She is a dominant player in doubles, winning 10 Grand Slam doubles titles and 3 mixed doubles titles.

Hingis has retired twice from the game. The first time was in 2002, when she was struggling with injuries and was only 22. She returned to tennis in 2005, but retired two years later after sustaining more injuries. A blood test had also proved that she was using cocaine, an illegal drug. In 2013, she returned to playing doubles and became a tennis coach. She won the 2015 Wimbledon doubles title together with Sania Mirza, 19 years after winning her first Wimbledon doubles title in 1996.

She was a contestant in the 2009 series of Strictly Come Dancing.
Career statistics

Singles performance timeline

 SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played
 2If ITF women's circuit (Hardcourt: 12–2; Carpet: 6–1) and Fed Cup (10–0) participations are included, overall win-loss record stands at 548–133.

Grand Slam singles finals: 12 (5–7)

Doubles

Related pages
List of WTA number 1 ranked players

References

Other websites 

WTA

Australian Open champions
Tennis coaches
Doping cases in sport
Female tennis players
French Open champions
Slovakian sportspeople
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Swiss tennis players
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
1980 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Swiss Olympic silver medalists
The Noisettes are a band from England. They mostly play rock and alternative rock. With Shingai Shoniwa singing and playing bass guitar guitar, Dan Smith playing guitar, and Jamie Morrison who drums.

They released their first EP Three Moods of the Noisettes in April 2005 on the independent record label Side Salad Records which led to signing internationally with Universal Music Group, who released the EP in the US on the Low Altitude imprint.

Noisettes have performed in Europe and the United States with bands such as TV on the Radio, Tom Vek, Babyshambles, Bloc Party and the Mystery Jets, and Muse. In 2007 the band released their first album What's the Time Mr. Wolf?.

Discography

CDs
 What's the Time Mr. Wolf? (5th February 2007) UK #75, (April 17th 2007 in the U.S)
 Three Moods of the Noisettes (11th April 2005)
 What's The Time Mini-Wolf? (26th December 2006) - Digital download exclusive to iTunes
 Wild Young Hearts  (April 20, 2009), UK #7
 Contact (2012)
Singles
 "IWE" (30th January 2006)
 "Scratch Your Name" (12th June 2006) Re-release May 7th 2007.
 "Don't Give Up" (20th November 2006) UK #73
 "Sister Rosetta (Capture The Spirit)" (29th January 2007) UK #63
 "The Count of Monte Christo" (September 3, 2007)
 "Wild Young Hearts" (December 29, 2008)
 "Don't Upset The Rhythm" (March 23, 2009) UK #2
 "Never Forget You[ (June 15, 2009)

Videos
 "IWE" (March 2006)
 "Don't Give Up"(March 2006)
 "Sister Rosetta (Capture The Spirit)" (March 2007)
 "Scratch Your Name" (May 2007)
 "The Count of Monte Christo" (August 2007)
 "Wild Young Hearts" (December 2008)
 "Don't Upset the Rhythm (Go Baby Go)" (January 2009)
 "Never Forget You" (May 2009)

Other websites 

 Official Noisettes Site
 Official Noisettes Site (Non-flash)
 Noisettes videos 
 Noisettes Last.fm Page

English rock bands
English punk bands
Indie rock bands
Funk bands
Soul bands
Musical groups from London
Rafael Nadal Parera (born 3 June 1986 in Manacor, Majorca, Spain) is a Spanish professional tennis player who has won 22 Grand Slam singles titles; fourteen at the French Open, four at the US Open, two at Wimbledon and two at the Australian Open. He has been ranked number one in the world for 209 weeks. He plays very well on clay courts, and many people regard Nadal as the greatest clay-court tennis player in history. He plays tennis with his left hand.

Nadal has won 36 ATP Masters Series titles and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles. He is a part of the Spain Davis Cup team and has won the cup four times, in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.

Nadal is often known simply as Rafa. He has rivalries against Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray. Nadal is agnostic.

Grand slams (Participation and victories) 
This table shows Nadal's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.

References
References 

1986 births
Living people
Agnostics
Australian Open champions
Balearic Islands
French Open champions
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Spanish Olympic gold medalists
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Spanish tennis players
Justine Henin (born June 1, 1982 in Liège) is a Belgian former professional tennis player and a World Number 1. She won seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four (and three in a row) at the French Open. She is two-time runner up at Wimbledon but never won the title. Her mental toughness and her one-handed backhand are recognized by great tennis players. One of the greatest tennis player of all time, Billie Jean King has said that Justine is the best player of her generation. She was known as Justine Henin-Hardenne for a while, until she separated from her husband in 2007 and went back to her maiden name of Justine Henin. She retired in 2008 but announced her comeback on 22 September after seeing the success of her compatriot Kim Clijsters.

Related pages
 List of WTA number 1 ranked players

1982 births
Belgian tennis players
Female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Liège
US Open (tennis) champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Carla Garapedian () (born 27 February 1961) is an American movie director. She was the anchor of BBC World News. 

Movies directed by Garapedian include:
 Children of the Secret State (2000), about North Korea
 Lifting the Veil (2002), an Emmy award-winning movie about women in Afghanistan
 Screamers (2007), about genocide

1961 births
Living people
American movie directors
The Massacres of Erzerum. Turkish soldiers took an active part in the massacres in Erzeroum. The soldiers began a massacre of the Armenians and the Turkish populace joined in the attack. The shops and houses of the Armenians were pillaged.

British consul 
Following the massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895, a British consul put the hand on two letters sent to his brother and to his parents by a Turkish soldier:
"My brother, if you want news from here, we killed 1 200 Armenians, all tiny rooms in pâtée for dog [... ] Mother, I am healthy and except. Father, twenty days ago, we carried out the war against the Armenian incrédules. By the grace of God, no misfortune arrived to us. The rumour says that our battalion will be dispatched in your part of the world - if it is the case, we will kill all the Armenians there. Other share, 511 Armenians were wounded, and it perishes about it one or two each day. If you want news of the soldiers and bachi bouzouks, not only one did not bleed of the nose [... ] That God blesses you."

Related pages
Armenian Genocide
Hamidian massacres
Massacres in Harput District

References

Publications
THE DESTITUTION AT ERZEROUM.; Review of the Massacre and Plunder Worse than Sassoun's, New York Times, December 6, 1895
Erzeroum Massacres,  Harpers Weekly, December 14, 1895

Other websites 
Massacres of Erzerum 
The Vilayet of Erzeroum

Massacres in Turkey
Armenian Genocide
Lake Kari () is a lake in Armenia, in the slopes of Mount Aragats. It is mostly formed by ice and snow.

Other websites

Lakes of Asia
Geography of Armenia
Mount Aragats () is the highest point in Armenia. It is in the province of Aragatsotn, northwest from Yerevan. It is a standalone extinct stratovolcano with four main peaks forming the rim of the crater. It is a popular destination for local alpinists.

Related pages
Lake Kari

Other websites 
Mount Aragats at ArmeniaPedia.org

Mountains of Asia
Geography of Armenia
Crystle Danae Stewart (born September 20, 1981) is a beauty queen from Houston, Texas. She won the Miss USA beauty contest in 2008.

Stewart graduated from the University of Houston in 2007. She won the Miss Texas USA 2008 title in a state pageant held in Laredo, Texas on July 1, 2007.  She competed against 121 other contestants. She is the second African American to win the crown at Miss Texas USA. Chelsi Smith was crowned Miss Texas USA 1995.  Smith later became Miss USA and Miss Universe.

Stewart became the ninth Texan to win the Miss USA title.

Stewart hosted the Miss Teen USA 2009 competition on July 31, 2009 with Seth Goldman. Goldman and Stewart again hosted the Miss Teen USA pageant on July 24, 2010. Stewart hosted the 2011 Miss Texas USA contest with Jason Feinberg.

References

Other websites
Miss Texas USA official website
Crystle Stewart 

Beauty pageant winners
1981 births
Living people
Miss USA
Models from Houston
The Victoria Cross for Australia (VC) is the highest military decoration given for bravery "in the face of the enemy" to members of the Australia Armed Forces. The medal was called the Victoria Cross, but the name was changed in 1991. The Victoria Cross was started in 1856 for bravery in the Crimean War. The first medals were made from captured Russian cannons. The Victoria Cross for Australia looks exactly the same as the Victoria Cross.

The first winner of the Victoria Cross for Australia is SAS Trooper Mark Donaldson. Donaldson won the medal for bravery in Afghanistan in September 2008. The medal was given to him in a ceremony on January 16, 2009. He was the first winner of a VC for 40  years.

Australian winners of the Victoria Cross
1900 to 1920
 1900 - John Bisdee, Second Boer War
 1900 - Sir Neville Howse, Second Boer War
 1900 - Guy Wylly, Second Boer War
 1901 - Frederick Bell, Second Boer War
 1901 - Leslie Maygar, Second Boer War, Geelhoutboom, South Africa
 1901 - James Rogers, Second Boer War
 1915 - Alexander Burton, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Wilbur Dartnell, Maktau, Kenya
 1915 - William Dunstan, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - John Patrick Hamilton, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Albert Jacka, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Leonard Keysor, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Alfred Shout, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - William Symons, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Hugo Throssell, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1915 - Frederick Tubb, World War I, Gallipoli Campaign
 1916 - Arthur Blackburn, World War I, Pozières, France
 1916 - Claud Castleton, Pozières, France
 1916 - Thomas Cooke, Pozières, France
 1916 - William Jackson, World War I, Armentières, France
1916 - John Leak, World War I, Pozières, France
 1916 - Martin O'Meara, World War I, Pozières, France
 1917 - Frederick Birks, Battle of Passchendaele
 1917 - Patrick Bugden, Zonnebeke, Belgium
 1917 - Percy Cherry, Lagnicourt, France
 1917 - John Carroll, World War I, Battle of Messines (1917)
 1917 - John Dwyer, World War I, Zonnebeke, Belgium
 1917 - Robert Grieve, World War I, Battle of Messines (1917)
 1917 - George Howell, World War I, Battle of Arras (1917)
 1917 - Roy Inwood, World War I, Battle of the Menin Road Ridge
 1917 - Clarence Jeffries, First Battle of Passchendaele
 1917 - Jørgen Jensen, World War I, Noreuil, France
 1917 - Bede Kenny, World War I, Hermies, France
 1917 - Lewis McGee, Battle of Ypres
 1917 - Frank McNamara, World War I, Capture of Wadi el Hesi
 1917 - Mick Moon, World War I, Battle of Arras (1917)
 1917 - Harry Murray, World War I
 1917 - James Newland, World War I, Bapaume, France
 1917 - Walter Peeler, World War I, Battle of Ypres
 1917 - Charles Pope, Louveral, France
1917 - John Whittle, World War I
 1918 - Thomas Axford, World War I, Battle of Hamel
 1918 - Robert Beatham, Battle of Rosières
 1918 - Albert Borella, World War I, Villers-Bretonneux, France
 1918 - Walter Brown, World War I, Villers-Bretonneux, France
 1918 - Alexander Buckley, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
 1918 - Maurice Buckley, World War I, Le Verguier, France
 1918 - George Cartwright, World War I, Bouchavesnes, France
 1918 - William Currey, World War I, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
 1918 - Henry Dalziel, World War I, Battle of Hamel
 1918 - Phillip Davey, World War I, Merris, France
 1918 - Alfred Gaby, Villers-Bretonneux, France
 1918 - Bernard Gordon, World War I, Battle of Amiens
 1918 - Arthur Hall, World War I, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
 1918 - George Ingram, World War I, Montbrehain, France
 1918 - William Joynt, World War I, Battle of Herleville Wood
 1918 - Alby Lowerson, World War I, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
 1918 - Robert MacTier, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
1918 - Joseph Maxwell, World War I, Estrees, France
 1918 - Dominic McCarthy, World War I, Vermandovillers, France
 1918 - Stanley McDougall, World War I, Dernancourt, France
 1918 - William Ruthven, World War I, Ville-sur-Ancre, France
 1918 - John Ryan, World War I, Hindenburg Defences, France
 1918 - Clifford Sadlier, World War I, Villers-Bretonneux, France
 1918 - Percy Statton, World War I, Proyart, France
 1918 - Percy Storkey, World War I, Hangard Wood, France
 1918 - Edgar Towner, World War I, Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
 1918 - Blair Wark, World War I, Bellicourt, France
 1918 - Lawrence Weathers, World War I, Peronne, France
 1918 - James Park Woods, World War I, Le Verguier, France
 1919 - Arthur Percy Sullivan, North Russia Campaign
 1919 - Samuel Pearse, North Russia Campaign
1941 - 1969 
 1941 - Roden Cutler, Syria–Lebanon Campaign
 1941 - Corporal John Edmondson, Tobruk
 1941 - Hughie Edwards, Bremen
 1941 - Jim Gordon, Djezzine, Lebanon
 1942 - Charles Groves Wright Anderson, Malaya
 1942 - Percy Gratwick, El Alamein, Egypt
 1942 - Stan Gurney, Egypt
 1942 - Jack French, Milne Bay, New Guinea
 1942 - Percy Gratwick
 1942 - Bill Kibby, El Alamein, Egypt
 1942 - Bruce Kingsbury, Kokoda Trail, Papua New Guinea
 1942 - Ron Middleton, Turin, Italy
 1943 - Tom Derrick, New Guinea
 1943 - Richard Kelliher, New Guinea
 1943 - Bill Newton, New Guinea
 1945 - Albert Chowne, Dagua, New Guinea
 1945 - Edward Kenna, New Guinea
 1945 - John Bernard Mackey, Tarakan Island, Borneo
 1945 - Frank Partridge, Bougainville Campaign, Solomon Islands
 1945 - Reg Rattey, Bougainville, Solomon Islands
 1945 - Leslie Thomas Starcevich, Battle of North Borneo
 1965 - Kevin Wheatley, Vietnam
 1967 - Peter Badcoe, Huong Tra, Vietnam
 1969 - Keith Payne, Ben Het Camp, Vietnam
 1969 -Ray Simpson, Vietnam
Winners of the Victoria Cross for Australia
 2008 - Mark Donaldson, SAS, for bravery in Afghanistan, Urozgan Province
 2010 - Daniel Keighran, War in Afghanistan, Urozgan Province
 2011 - Ben Roberts-Smith, War in Afghanistan, Kandahar Province
 2013 - Cameron Baird, War in Afghanistan, Khod Valley

References

Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia
1856 establishments in Australia
White Pines Forest State Park, also known as White Pines State Park, is an Illinois state park in Ogle County, Illinois.

Geography of Illinois
State parks in the United States
Wing Commander George Hedley Stainforth AFC RAF (1899 - 27 September 1942) was a British Royal Air Force pilot. He was the first man in the world to exceed 400 miles per hour in an aircraft.

British military people
British aviators
1899 births
1942 deaths
Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliad or Eliade Rădulescu January 6, 1802 – April 27, 1872) was a Wallachian-born Romanian academic, Romantic and Classicist poet, essayist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.

Related pages
 List of Romanian social scientists

Other websites 
 The Humanities and The Social Sciences in The Academy. Literature, Folklore and the Arts, at the Romanian Academy site

1802 births
1872 deaths
Romanian poets
Romanian journalists
Romanian social scientists
19th-century philosophers
Romanian politicians
The Chosroids (Khosro[v]iani, Georgian: ხოსრო[ვ]იანი) were a dynasty of the kings and later of the ruling princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia, natively known as Kartli, from the fourth to the ninth centuries. Presumably of Iranian origin and a branch of the Mihranid House, the family accepted Christianity as their official religion around the year 337, and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid, Iran to retain a degree of independence.

Related pages
Guaramid Dynasty

Georgian people
Royal dynasties
The Guaramid Dynasty was the younger branch of the Chosroid royal house of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia).

Georgian people
Royal dynasties
George II (; died in 1585), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from 1565 to 1585.

1585 deaths
Georgian people
Year of birth unknown
Kings and queens
Imereti
Bagrat III () (September 23, 1495 – 1565), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from April 1, 1510 to 1565.

Kings and queens
1495 births
1565 deaths
Imereti
A Glasgow Hillhead by-election was held on 25 March 1982. The by-election was caused by the death of the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Glasgow Hillhead Tam Galbraith on 2 January 1982.

1982 in the United Kingdom
1982 elections
1980s elections in the United Kingdom
Politics of Scotland
1980s in Scotland
March events
Solaris is an operating system created by Sun Microsystems in 1992. It was created to run on their workstations (but it can be used on most modern PCs) and is still developed today. It used to be called SunOS until it was renamed to Solaris in 1992. As of 2010, it is one of the main commercial UNIX variants (The others are HP-UX, AIX, and z/OS). Solaris is ultimately based on UNIX System V. With version 10, released in 2009, most parts of it were made Open Source, and released as OpenSolaris. Solaris 10 runs on SPARC processors, as well as the 32-bit and 64-bit Intel and AMD processors. Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems in January 2010. Oracle continued developing Solaris, but it stopped developing OpenSolaris. OpenSolaris was later forked into the illumos kernel and the OpenIndiana distribution.

It is mostly used in advanced servers like the ones that run the Internet, on some workstations, and for programming in languages like Java, having advanced features for programmers.

References
References

Other websites 
 Solaris Operating System
 OpenIndiana (a fork of OpenSolaris)

Operating systems
Unix
Sun Microsystems
Oracle Corporation
Puja Gupta (born 30 January 1984 in Kozhikode, Kerala, India) was the winner of Miss India Universe in 2007. She represented India in Miss Universe 2007 and placed in the top ten. Puja Gupta wants to be a writer and her hobbies are yoga, writing, horse riding and drawing.

Beauty pageant winners
1984 births
Living people
Indian models
Charles A. Johns (June 25, 1857 – January 11, 1932) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. He served as the 47th Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court.

References

1857 births
1932 deaths
Lawyers from Oregon
Politicians from Oregon
Saved! is a 2004 American teen comedy movie. It is a religious satire. It is set in Maryland. The movie stars Jena Malone, Macaulay Culkin, and Mandy Moore.

Other websites

2004 movies
2000s LGBT movies
2000s teen comedy movies
American LGBT movies
American teen comedy movies
Movies set in Maryland
The Gibraltar Chronicle is a newspaper published daily in Gibraltar since 1801. It is not only the oldest newspaper in Gibraltar, but also the second oldest English newspaper in the world.

References

Footnotes

Other websites 
The Gibraltar Chronicle official website

English-language newspapers
Organizations based in Gibraltar
1801 establishments
Alan Graham Johnston (born May 17, 1962) is a British journalist working for the BBC. On March 12, 2007, he was taken by a group of armed men in Gaza. He was kept as a hostage until he was let free on July 4.

Scottish journalists
1962 births
Living people
Kidnapped British people
BBC Television Centre (sometimes abbreviated TVC or TC) in White City, London is home to much of the BBC's television output. Since 1998, almost all of the corporation's national TV and radio news by BBC News is made there too.

References 

BBC
The Liberty Bell is an important and famous symbol of American independence (freedom). It used to be in the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall). The bell was ordered from the London firm of Lester and Pack (which is known as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry today) in 1752. It had the letters "Proclaim LIBERTY  throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." Those words are a part of Leviticus 25:10. The bell first cracked when it was first rung when it came to Philadelphia, and was made again twice by John Pass and John Stow, two workmen. When it was first made, the Liberty Bell was used to make lawmakers come to legislative meetings. It was also used to call people to public meetings.
The bell became widely famous after a short story in 1847 claimed that an old bell-ringer rang it on July 4, 1776, after hearing the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence. Actually, the bell could not have been rung on that Fourth of July, because no announcement of the Declaration was made that day. However, many people believed this story. Even some historians accepted it as a fact. From 1885, the City of Philadelphia, which owned the bell, allowed it to go to many different patriotic meetings. Many people came to see the bell, and it grew even more cracked. Pieces were broken off by souvenir hunters. The last such journey was in 1915. After that, the city refused any more requests of that kind.

Founding (1751–1753)
We hope and rely (trust) on thy (your) care and assistance (help) in this affair and that thou (you) wilt (will) procure (get) and forward it by the first good oppo as our workmen inform us it will be much less trouble to hang the Bell before their Scaffolds are struck from the Building where we intend (wish) to place it which will not be done 'till the end of next Summer or beginning of the Fall. Let the bell be cast by the best workmen & examined carefully before it is Shipped with the following words well shaped around it vizt.
By Order of the Assembly of the Povince  of Pensylvania  for the State house in the City of Philada 1752
the home of the Liberty Bell was philadelphia 

Proclaim Liberty thro' all the Land to all the Inhabitants thereof.-Levit. XXV. 10.

So Charles paid Lester and Pack (today the Whitechapel Bell Foundry) £150 13s 8d, (the same amount of money as about $36,400 today) for the bell, including the cost of taking it to Philadelphia and its insurance. It arrived in Philadelphia in August 1752.

Becoming a symbol (1847–1865)
A big  reason why the bell became famous was because of a writer named George Lippard. On January 2, 1847, his story "Fourth of July, 1776" appeared in Saturday Review magazine. The short story was about an old man on July 4, 1776. It described how he was sitting sadly by the bell, afraid that Congress would not be able to declare independence. Suddenly, a young boy comes to tell the old man to ring the bell. The story was widely reprinted. This made people think of the Liberty Bell and the Declaration of Independence as closely related.
Related pages
 The Mercury spacecraft that Gus Grissom, an astronaut, flew on July 21, 1961, was called Liberty Bell 7. The capsules looked a bit like bells, and they painted a crack on it so that it would look like the original Liberty Bell. Liberty Bell 7 became the only Mercury capsule to suffer an integrity failure.
 Margaret Buechner made a work for chorus and orchestra, "Liberty Bell", that uses a 1959 recording of the actual bell made by Columbia Records.
 The superhero Liberty Belle's powers come from the ringing of the Bell.

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
  (reprinted in The Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 275, Number 2, February 1963), obtained from Independence National Historical Park Library and Archive, 143 S. 3rd St., Philadelphia PA 19106)
 
  (obtained from Independence National Historical Park Library and Archive, 143 S. 3rd St., Philadelphia PA 19106)
 
 
 
  (obtained from Independence National Historical Park Library and Archive, 143 S. 3rd St., Philadelphia PA 19106)
Other websites 
 
 Liberty Bell Center. Independence National Historical Park. National Park Service official website
 The Liberty Bell: From Obscurity to Icon, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan. National Park Service official website
 Liberty Bell Center, National Park Service . Bohlin Cywinski Jackson (architects) website. Retrieved 2010–03–16.

Philadelphia
Bells
Symbols of the United States
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright; June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was a famous American architect from the early 20th century. He designed all kinds of buildings including banks, holiday resorts, office buildings, churches, a synagogue, a gas station, a beer garden and an art museum.

Wright designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 532 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in peace with humanity and its environment. He called his belief organic architecture. He used this technique for his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the image of the Usonian home, his one-of-a-kind vision for urban planning in the United States.

He began an American style of building design and is said to be one of the greatest architects of the twentieth century.

Wright was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867 to a farming family.
His work includes original and creative examples of many building types. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe.

His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."

Wright died on April 9, 1959 in Phoenix, Arizona from surgical complications. He was 91 years old.
Early life 
Frank Lloyd Wright was born in the farming town of Richland Center, Wisconsin, United States, on June 8, 1867. He was born Frank Lincoln Wright. His father, William Carey Wright (1825–1904), was a locally admired speaker, music teacher, sometimes a lawyer, and minister. William Wright had met and married Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923), a county school teacher of Welsh descent, the previous year when he was employed as the superintendent of schools for Richland County.

The Wright family moved from Richland Center to Weymouth, Massachusetts. Afterwards, The Wright Family struggled financially in Weymouth and returned to Spring Green, Wisconsin. They settled in Madison. Although William was a distant parent, he shared his love of music, especially the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with his children.
Wright attended a Madison High School, but there is no evidence he ever graduated. He was admitted to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a special student in 1886. There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, took classes part-time for two semesters, and worked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover. He moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

Early career 

Wright did not get along well with other draftsmen. He wrote that several violent events happened between them during the first years of his apprenticeship. Afterwards many other draftsmen showed very little respect for his employees as well. In spite of this, "Sullivan took [Wright] under his wing and gave him great design responsibility." As an act of respect, Wright would later refer to Sullivan as Lieber Meister (German for "Dear Master"). Wright also formed a bond with office foreman Paul Mueller. Wright would later engage Mueller to build several of his public and commercial buildings between 1903 and 1923.
As Wright began to work on residential projects for Adler & Sullivan. Wright designed his houses on his own time. Sullivan knew nothing of Wright's works until 1893, when he recognized that one of the houses was a Frank Lloyd Wright design. This particular house, built for Allison Harlan, was only blocks away from Sullivan's townhouse in the Chicago community of Kenwood.

Many examples of his work are in Buffalo, New York as a result of friendship between Wright and Darwin D. Martin. In 1902, the Larkin Company decided to build a new building. Wright came to Buffalo and designed not only the Larkin Administration Building (completed in 1904, demolished in 1950), but also homes for three of the company's executives including the Darwin D. Martin House in 1904. Wright later built their summer home. He also designed the Graycliff Estate, also designed for Darwin D. Martin and his wife, Isabelle.
1914 Taliesin murders
On August 15, 1914, while Wright was working in Chicago, Julian Carlton, a male servant from Barbados who had been hired several months earlier, set fire to the living room of Taliesin and murdered seven people with an axe as the fire burned. The dead included Mamah; her two children, John and Martha; a gardener; a draftsman named Emil Brodelle; a worker; and another workman's son. Two people survived the mayhem. One of them helped to put out the fire that almost completely burned the residential wing of the house.

Right after the attack, Carlton tried to kill himself by drinking muriatic acid . He was nearly lynched on the spot, but was taken to the Dodgeville jail. Carlton died from starvation seven weeks after the attack, despite medical attention.

Famous works

Fallingwater
Fallingwater 

Frank Lloyd Wright designed a summer-house in 1935 for the Kaufmann family over a waterfall in Pennsylvania. He called the house "Fallingwater". Some people say it is the most famous private home in the world.

The house actually sits low in the valley over the stream, but looks dramatic from further downstream. It has large terraces, and some of them stick straight out and hang over the waterfall or the stream. There are windows and glass doors, with only narrow steel supports between them, wrapping all the way around the living room.

There are also windows going all the way from the floor to the ceiling in all three stories of the tower.
Most of the house is made from stone. There are strong horizontal and vertical lines in the design of the house. It resembles the horizontal and vertical lines in the rock formations and other natural features. The waterfall can be heard everywhere in the house. Wright wanted there to be a close connection between inside and outside, and for the house itself to be natural.

In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the Fallingwater house the "best all-time work of American architecture".

Robie House
Robie House 

One famous house was called the Robie House. It had a maze like layout and geometric stained glass windows. The Robie House was a unique house with odd shapes, colors and form. He finished making it in 1910, as a house for children. In fact, many children lived and played in that house with their families up until 1926 when it was closed for living in, and closed to the public. Many times, it was planned to be destroyed. However, twice, Wright saved his house from destruction because of the reasons he built it and all the memories of it that he loved so much. It is now being restored at a cost of $10 million.

Johnson Wax Headquarters
Another famous building by Wright was called the Johnson Wax Headquarters. The building has Wright's idea of the streamlined Art Moderne style popular in the 1930s. In a break with Wright's earlier Prairie School structures, the building features many circular forms and needed over 200 different curved "Cherokee red" bricks to create the sweeping curves of the inside and outside.

The mortar between the bricks was created in traditional Wright-style to give the horizontality of the building. The warm, reddish hue of the bricks was used in the polished concrete floor as well. The white stone trim and white columns create a slight yet striking difference. All of the furniture, created by Steelcase, was designed for the building by Wright and it mirrored many of the building's unique design features.
The entrance is in the structure, entering the building on one side with a covered carport on the other. The carport is supported by short versions of the steel-reinforced (tree-like) concrete columns that appear in the Great Workroom.

The Illinois 

Wright proposed to build a skyscraper called The Illinois that would be the height of a distance of a mile. It was intended to be constructed in Chicago, Illinois. It could have included 528 stories, with a gross area of 18,460,000 square feet (1,715,000 m2). Wright stated that there would be parking for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters.

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Wright worked on this project for 16 years (1943–1959) and is probably his most recognized masterpiece. The building is on Fifth Avenue. Its interior is similar to the inside of a seashell.
Its one of a kind central geometry was created to allow visitors to easily see Guggenheim's collection of his paintings by taking an elevator to the top-level and then viewing artworks by walking down the slowly descending, central spiral ramp, the floor of which is lodged with circular shapes and triangular light bulbs to complement the geometric nature of the building.

However, when the museum was completed, some of Wright's design were ignored, such as his desire for the interior to be painted off-white. Further, the Museum currently designs exhibits to be viewed by walking up the curved walkway without walking down from the top-level.
Later career 
Wright strongly believed in working alone. He did not support the American Institute of Architects during his career, going so far as to call the organization "a harbor of refuge for the incompetent," and "a form of refined gangsterism." When an the Institute called him "an old amateur" Wright later responded, "I am the oldest." In 1940, Wright started the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. It was set up for educational purposes. It looks after two Wright buildings, Taliesin East in Wisconsin, and Taliesin West in Arizona. It has a library with more than 22,000 of Wright's drawings, and 300,000 documents. It is home to the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture.

Personal life 

Frank Lloyd Wright was married three times and fathered seven children, four sons and three daughters. He also adopted Svetlana Milanoff, the daughter of his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright. Wright once had an apprentice who was married to Joseph Stalin's daughter.
His wives were:
 Catherine "Kitty" (Tobin) Wright (1871–1959); social worker, socialite (married in June 1889; divorced November 1922)
 Maude "Miriam" (Noel) Wright (1869–1930), artist (married in November 1923; divorced August 1927)
 Olga Ivanovna "Olgivanna" (Lazovich Milanoff) Lloyd Wright (1897–1985), dancer and writer (married in August 1928)

The Oscar-winning actress Anne Baxter was Wright's granddaughter.

Wright was a fan of Japanese Art and collected them throughout his career. Wright continued to collect them until his death in 1959. He used prints to help him pay for loans. He often relyed upon his art business to help financially.

Death 
Wright died on April 9, 1959, while undergoing surgery in Phoenix, Arizona, to remove an intestinal obstruction. His third wife, Olgivanna, ran the Fellowship after Wright's death, until her own death in Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1985.
Later that year, it was learned that her dying wish had been that Wright, she, and her daughter by a first marriage all be cremated and relocated to Scottsdale. By then, Wright's body had lain for over 25 years in the Lloyd-Jones cemetery, next to the Unity Chapel, near Taliesin, Wright's later-life home in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Wright's remains were removed from his grave by members of the Taliesin Fellowship. Then, his remains were cremated and sent to Scottsdale where they were later interred in the memorial garden.

Legacy 
In 1966, the United States Postal Service honored Wright with a Prominent Americans series 2¢ postage stamp. Several of Wright's buildings have been proposed by the United States to be UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Shortly after his death, Simon & Garfunkel recorded So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright as a tribute to Wright.
In 2000, Fallingwater was named "The Building of the 20th century" in "Top-Ten" poll taken by members attending the AIA annual convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On that list, Wright was listed along with many of the USA's other greatest architects including Eero Saarinen, I. M. Pei, Louis Kahn, Philip Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He was the only architect who had more than one building on the list. The other three buildings were the Guggenheim Museum, the Frederick C. Robie House and the Johnson Wax Headquarters.

References

Other websites 

 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Official Website
 Frank Lloyd Wright, Wisconsin Historical Society 
 Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy
 Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust – FLW Home and Studio, Robie House
 Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture
 Frank Lloyd Wright Wisconsin Heritage Tourism Program
 Frank Lloyd Wright Original Letters Shapell Manuscript Foundation
 Frank Lloyd Wright – PBS documentary by Ken Burns and resources
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Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior.

Cuba
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The Battle of Damascus (18 June - 21 June 1941) was the final action of the Allied advance on Damascus in Syria during the Syria-Lebanon campaign in World War II.

Damascus
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Laurence Mancuso (born June 30, 1934 - died June 10, 2007) was the founding abbot of the New Skete Eastern Orthodox monastic community in upstate New York.

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Joseph Beete Jukes (1811-1869) was a famous English geologist. He wrote of several geological manuals, and served as a naturalist on the trips of the ship H.M.S Fly. He was  born to John and Sophia Jukes in Birmingham, England

1811 births
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The Second Severn Crossing () is a bridge over the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in Wales. 

The bridge carrie 6 lanes of M4 motorway and is one of the main routes into South Wales. It was opened on 5 June 1996 to allow more traffic than the original Severn Bridge, which opened in 1966. Both bridges are still in use although the newer crossing is more direct and less likely to be closed in strong winds. 

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Spitz is a Japanese rock band that set up in 1987. Masamune Kusano is a vocalist and plays the guitar, too. Tetsuya Miwa plays the guitar. Akihiro Tamura plays the bass. Tatsuo Sakiyama plays the drums. Their songs, especially "Robinson", "Cherry" and "Soramotoberuhazu,"are very popular.

Other websites
SPITZ OFFICIAL WEB SITE 
Spitz OFFICIAL CHANNEL

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Yakima is a city in the state of Washington.

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Other websites
Official City of Yakima website 

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Sprite is a lemon-lime soda, similar to 7 UP and Sierra Mist. It is made by the Coca-Cola Company. It has no caffeine. In 2009, its logo was changed.

Variants
There are many variants of Sprite. The two popular Sprite variants are:
 Sprite, lemon-lime carbonated drink with no caffeine
 Sprite Zero, the no calorie and no sugar added version of Sprite

Soft drinks
The University of Washington (UW) is the main state university of the U.S. state of Washington. There are over 40,000 students. It is in Seattle, Washington. The University of Washington's sports teams (the Huskies) are part of the Pacific-12 Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Every year UW has a rivalry game with Washington State University. This game is called the Apple Cup in which the two football teams play each other. As of the year 2010 the University of Washington has won 66 Apple Cups and Washington State University only has 31. The longest consecutive wins of the Apple Cup belongs to U.W. with 8 consecutive wins, with Washington State at 2 consecutive wins.

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Howl may mean:
 A sound made by an animal
 "Howl" (poem), a poem by Allen Ginsberg
 Howl (album), an album by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club.
 The title character in the novel Howl's Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones
 "Howl", a poem by Tristan Tzara
The Hershey Company (), until April 2005 Hershey Foods Corporation, commonly called Hershey's, is America's largest chocolate company. Its main office is in Hershey, Pennsylvania, a town that smells strongly of cocoa on some days, and home to Hershey's Chocolate World. The company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company. Hershey's candies and other products are sold around the world.

References 
 

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Totally Spies! is a French/Canadian animated series produced by Marathon Media and Image Entertainment Corporation. The show was first broadcast on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family in USA. It was also broadcast on TF1 in France and Teletoon in Canada.
Totally Spies! The Movie was released on July 22, 2009 in France. The show had been running since 2001. A sixth season was confirmed by Marathon Media to premiere on September 4, 2013. 156 episodes divided in 6 seasons
Plot
The series centers around the adventures of three teenage girls - Sam, Alex and Clover - who live a double life as spies working for the World Organization of Human Protection (WOOHP). The girls are recruited by the organization's leader, Jerry Lewis, to solve crises that arise around the world. Many of their missions involve dealing with disgruntled villains who have been wronged in some form during their past. Several have exacted revenge on the spies by invading their personal lives. The b-stories focus on the girls' daytime lives as high school students, dealing with relationships, school and school rivals.

Episodes
Episodes

The show premiered a season 1 with 26 episode a second season with 26 episodes a Third season was Co-produced by Image and Teletoon. The show had a third season with 26 episodes, a Fourth season with 26 episodes and a Fifth season with 26 episodes it was going to be canceled but a Sixth season of Totally Spies! was confirmed in 2011 by Marathon Media with 26 episodes to be in production or making in 2012 with TF1 and The Walt Disney company France each episode was 26 minutes long Zodiak Kids licensing to TF1 France, Teletoon Canada, Super DEA Kids Italy, Nickelodeon Central and Eastern Europe, Nickelodeon Germany, Nickelodeon Netherlands and Cartoon Network Latin America

Movie
Main Article : Totally Spies! The Movie

Totally Spies! The Movie 2009 film by Marathon Media hit 110 theaters in France and Netherlands. The Film was awarded 2011 kidscreen

Release
Release

Broadcast
Totally Spies premiered on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family. It later premiered in Europe on channels such as Germany's ProSieben, France's TF1 and the United Kingdom's Channel 4 during the spring of 2002. The show later moved to Cartoon Network, where it attracted 1.6 million viewers (aged 4 – 10) daily and continued airing until 2009. The show has also attracted over one million viewers in France since its debut. It was later re-licensed and its sixith season, along with Totally Spies! The Movie and the show's spin off The Amazing Spiez!. The show aired its sixth season in France and is being broadcast around Europe. The Amazing Spiez! was broadcast in France on TF1, Canada on Teletoon, Japan on NHK, USA on Cartoon Network, Southeast Asia on Disney Channel Asia. The sixth season of Totally Spies! was re-licensed with new and old broadcasters! The sixith season made its debut on its Original network of TF1 in France on September 4, 2013 and Teletoon in Canada on September 7, 2014.
Home media
Good Times Entertainment released seasons 1-3 was made formated on DVD on Amazon.

References

Canadian animated television series
2001 Canadian television series debuts
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Spy television series
English-language television programs
Screamers is a 2006 documentary by director Carla Garapedian.

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Official Site 
 Movie Trailer  at Google Video
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Ross Bagdasarian (January 27, 1919 – January 16, 1972) was an American pianist, songwriter, actor, and record producer of Armenian descent. He was born in Fresno, California. During his professional life he was better known by the stage name David Seville, which he used on his recordings featuring Alvin and the Chipmunks.

References

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