Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ahmad(Phonetic spelling:Ah-mad), also spelt Ahmed and Ahmet, is an Arabic word meaning "highly praised". The spelings are Ahmad, Ahmet and Ahmed.Ahmad's popularity ranking in 2021 is 688.

It is used in Arabic countries like Somalia, Djibouti, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia.

People 
 Ahmad Jannati, the secretary of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran
 Ahmad Rashād, American sportscaster for NBC Sports and former professional football player
 Ahmad Khatami, member of the Iranian Assembly of Experts
 Ahmad Shamlou, Persian poet, writer and journalist
 Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean politician
 Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim jurist and theologian (780–855)
 Ahmad Abdollahzadeh, Iranian association football player

References 

Arabic words and phrases
Given names
Fred Tatasciore (born June 15, 1967) is an American voice actor who has done many voice over works in films, shows and video games.

Filmography

Animation

Anime

Films

Video games

Theme park roles
 Space Mountain – Safety Narrator
 Expedition Everest – Yeti
 Star Tours: The Adventures Continue – Gungan Pilot

References

Other websites

1967 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American stand-up comedians
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Beata Maria Szydło (*15th April 1963 in Oświęcim, Poland) - is a Polish politician, deputy of Parliament of Poland since 2005. She became Prime Minister of Poland on 16 November 2015. She's a member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice). She left the Prime Minister office on 11 December 2017 and was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki.

Education 
In 1987 Szydło finished studies in ethnography at The Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1989 until 1995 she was a PhD student. In 1997 she finished postgraduate studies for managers of culture at Warsaw School of Economics. In 2001 she finished Cracow University of Economics - management of local government in the European Union.

In 2004 she participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.

Political activity until 2015 
In 1998 she became mayor of community Gmina Brzeszcze. In 2005 she joined Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) and she was elected the deputy of Polish parliament. She renewed parliamentary mandate in 2007.
In the 2011 parliamentary election Szydło remained the position of deputy. She received 43 612 votes. She renewed mandate in 2015. She was designated as the candidate for Prime Minister of Poland.

Prime Minister of Poland 
On 13 November 2015, the President of Poland Andrzej Duda nominated Szydło for Prime Minister of Poland. On 16 November she was established for the position. On 18 November her government received a vote of confidence and she delivered an exposé. In December 2017, she was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki as Prime Minister.

References

1963 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Polish Roman Catholics
Polish mayors
The Nuremberg principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II.

The principles

Principle I 
"Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment."

Principle II 
"The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law."

Principle III 
"The fact that a person who committed an act which constitutes a crime under international law acted as Head of State or responsible government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law."
Principle IV 
"The fact that a person acted pursuant to (an) order of his government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him".

Before the time of the Nuremberg Trials, this defense was called "Superior Orders". After the Nuremberg Trials, that defense is now referred to by many as the "Nuremberg Defense".  More recently a third term, "lawful orders", has been used for the same defense.

Principle V 
"Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law."

Principle VI 
"The crimes hereinafter set out are punishable as crimes under international law: 

(a) Crimes against peace:
(i) Planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances;
(ii) Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the acts mentioned under (i).
(b) War crimes:
Violations of the laws or customs of war which include, but are not limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labor or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory; murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the Seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity.

(c) Crimes against humanity:
Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts| done against any civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime."

Principle VII 
"Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law."

Related pages
Related pages 

Command responsibility
Geneva Conventions
International Criminal Court
International legal theory
Laws of war
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
Nuremberg Code
Nuremberg Trials
Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
Rule of law
Rule According to Higher Law
Sources of international law

Notes

References

Other websites 
 NUREMBERG PRINCIPLES
 István Deák, Retribution against Heads of State and Prime Ministers
International law
Nuremberg trials
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction. They are listed, usually by subject, forming a legal code (a codex  or book of law). Codification is the defining feature of civil law jurisdictions.

History
Ancient Sumer's Code of Ur-Nammu was compiled  2100-2050 BC. It is the earliest known surviving civil code. Three centuries later, the Babylonian king Hammurabi enacted the set of laws named after him.

Religious laws such as the Torah were codified. Important codifications were developed in the ancient Roman Empire, with the compilations of the Lex Duodecim Tabularum. Much later the Corpus Iuris Civilis was assembled. These codified laws were the exceptions rather than the rule. During much of ancient history the Roman laws were left mostly uncodified.
The first permanent system of codified laws could be found in China. This was with the compilation of the Tang Code in AD 624. This formed the basis of the Chinese criminal code. This was then replaced by the Great Qing Legal Code. This code was in turn abolished in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China. The new laws of the Republic of China were inspired by the German codified work, the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. A very influential example in Europe was the French Napoleonic code of 1804.

Another early system of laws is Hindu law framed by Manu and called as Manu Smriti. They date back to the 2nd century BC. The use of civil codes in Islamic Sharia law began with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century AD.

References

Legal terms
International law
Herman George van Loenhout (10 April 1946 – 19 November 2015), better known as Armand, was a Dutch protest singer. He was born in Eindhoven. His greatest hit song was "Ben ik te min" ("Am I not worthy?"). He mostly sang songs about legalizing marijuana in The Netherlands.

Armand died in Eindhoven of pneumonia at the age of 69.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
Dutch activists
Dutch singer-songwriters
Musicians from North Brabant
People from Eindhoven
Kitanoumi Toshimitsu (北の湖敏満 Obata Toshimitsu; May 16, 1953 – November 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler. He was the dominant yokozuna in sumo during the 1970s. Kitanoumi was promoted to yokozuna at age 21, becoming the youngest ever to achieve sumo's top rank, and he remained a yokozuna for a record 63 tournaments.  

He won 24 tournament championships during his career. Following his retirement in 1985 he established Kitanoumi stable. He was chairman of the Japan Sumo Association from 2002 until 2008, and from 2012 until his death. 

Kitanoumi died of multiple organ failure caused by colorectal cancer on the evening of November 20, 2015, aged 62. He was in Fukuoka for the Kyushu tournament and was taken to hospital for anemia in the morning, after which his condition deteriorated.

References

Other websites

 Japan Sumo Association profile 
 Article on Kitanoumi
1953 births
2015 deaths
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Sportspeople from Hokkaido
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in Japan
Keith Michell (1 December 1926 – 20 November 2015) was an Australian actor. He was best known for his television and movie roles as King Henry VIII of England. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Michell made appearances on the mystery series Murder, She Wrote, playing Dennis Stanton.  He was the artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 1974 to 1977.

Michell died on 20 November 2015 in London, England of a heart attack, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Adelaide
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Allen Edward Ertel (November 7, 1936 – November 19, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from January 3, 1977 through January 3, 1983. He lost re-election to Republican George Gekas in an upset election.

Ertel died from a heart attack in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, aged 79.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
A Head Full of Dreams is the seventh hit studio album by rock-pop band Coldplay. Coldplay recorded A Head Full of Dreams from summer 2014 to autumn 2015. The single "Adventure of a Lifetime" is featured in the album. The album was released on December 4, 2015.

Track listings

Original track list for A Head Full of Dreams 
 "A Head Full of Dreams"
 "Birds"
 "Hymn for the Weekend"
 "Everglow"
 "Adventure of a Lifetime"
 "Fun" 
 "Kaleidoscope"
 "Army of One"
 "X Marks the Spot" (Hidden track)
 "Amazing Day"
 "Colour Spectrum" 
 "Up&Up"

Japanese Version bonus track 
 "Miracles" 

Coldplay albums
2015 albums
John Langdon (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was an American politician. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution.

He was a politician born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and served in the Continental Congress.

After being in Congress for 12 years, including serving as the first president pro tempore of the Senate. Langdon became governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for vice presidential candidate in 1812.

Langdon died in Portsmouth, New Hampshire from pneumonia at the age of 78.
Other websites
 Governor John Langdon House, Historic New England 
 
 "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 
 
 State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
 Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. John Langdon of New Hampshire. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937.

1741 births
1819 deaths
American Calvinists
Congregationalists
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of New Hampshire
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States senators from New Hampshire
Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari () (8 July 1928 – 4 November 2022) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 18 April 1993 through 26 May 1993. He replaced Nawaz Sharif.

References

1928 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan‎
Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem (; alt. spelling: Amin Fahim; 4 August 1939 – 21 November 2015), was an Indian-born Pakistani populist left-wing figure and a poet. He was the senior vice-chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party. He was also the chairman of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians and former chairman of Alliance for Restoration of Democracy. He served as the Commerce Minister of Pakistan serving from 3 November 2008 through 16 March 2013.

Faheem died on 21 November 2015 from leukemia after being admitted to a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan under ICU at the age of 76.

References 

1939 births
2015 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Tamarillo is a shrub or tree in the flowering species Solanaceae. It bears an egg-shaped edible fruit, also called a tamarillo. The fruit is about 4-10 centimeters long. The taste is similar to that of a tomato, but with less sweet and more of a salty flavour.

The tamarillo is native to the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Chile,  and Bolivia.

Solanum
Fruits
The France national men's volleyball team is the national volleyball team of France. It represents France in international competitions and friendly matches. It has been the reigning European Champion since 2015. It is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB World Ranking after playing in the 2016 Rio Olympics.

Results

Olympic Games
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World Championship

European Championship
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World League

 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

Nations League
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World Grand Champions Cup

Team

Current squad
The following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.

Head coach: Laurent Tillie

Coach history
 1938–1946 :  Plaswick
 1946–1947 :  René Verdier
1947–1965 :  Marcel Mathor
 1965-1965 :  Nagasaki
 1965–1968 :  Nicolae Sotir
 1968–1970 :  Georges Derose
 1970–1979 :  Roger Schmitt
 1979–1983 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
 1983-1983 :  Georges Komatov
 1983–1984 :  Éric Daniel
 1984–1985 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
 1985–1988 :  Éric Daniel
 1988–1992 :  Gérard Castan 
 1993–1994 :  Jean-Marie Fabiani
 1994–1995 :  Jean-Michel Roche
 1995-1995 :  Gérard Castan
 1995–1999 :  Vladimir Kondra
 1999–2000 :  Pierre Laborie
 2001–2012 :  Philippe Blain
 2012– :  Laurent Tillie

Record Attendance

 Last updated table : December 2012.

References

Other websites

Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
National sports teams of France
The Great Walls are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on  data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.

Structures larger than  1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.

References 

Lists
Cosmology
In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is a prediction based on the idea that the universe is about the same in all places when viewed on a large scale.

Forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe. There should, therefore, be no observable irregularities in the large scale structure. The structure is the result of the evolution of the matter field after the Big Bang.

Astronomer William Keel explains:

The cosmological principle is usually stated formally as 'Viewed on a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the universe are the same for all observers.' This amounts to the strongly philosophical statement that the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample, and that the same physical laws apply throughout.
The two testable consequences of the cosmological principle are homogeneity and isotropy. Homogeneity means that the same observational evidence is available to observers at different locations in the universe ("the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample"). Isotropy means that the same observational evidence is available by looking in any direction in the universe ("the same physical laws apply throughout"). The principles are closely related, because a universe that appears isotropic from any two (for a spherical geometry, three) locations must also be homogeneous.

References 

Cosmology
Innervisions is the sixteenth studio album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released August 3, 1973 by Tamla. Wonder would release his next album Fulfillingness' First Finale the following year. All of the songs on Innverisions were written by Wonder.

Reviews

Innervisions received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing
All songs written, produced, and arranged by Stevie Wonder.
Side one
"Too High" – 4:36
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
Lani Groves – background vocal
Tasha Thomas – background vocal
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
"Visions" – 5:23
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes
Malcolm Cecil – upright bass
Dean Parks – acoustic guitar
David T. Walker – electric guitar
"Living for the City" – 7:22
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocals, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, handclaps
"Golden Lady" – 4:40
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Clarence Bell – Hammond organ
Ralph Hammer – acoustic guitar
Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – congas
Side two
"Higher Ground" – 3:42
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
"Jesus Children of America" – 4:10
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass
"All in Love Is Fair" – 3:41
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, Fender Rhodes, drums
Scott Edwards – electric bass
"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing" – 4:44
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass
Yusuf Roahman – shaker
Sheila Wilkerson – bongos, Latin gourd
"He's Misstra Know-It-All" – 5:35
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, handclaps, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, congas
Willie Weeks – electric bass

References

1973 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
Cucine Lube Civitanova is a professional volleyball team based in Civitanova Marche, Italy. Since 1995, the club has been playing in Serie A of Italian Volleyball League. Club won Italian Championship three times, Italian Cup four-times, Italian SuperCup three-times, CEV Champions League in 2002, 2019, CEV Cup in 2002, 2005, 2006, CEV Challenge Cup 2011 and FIVB Men's Club World Volleyball Championship in 2019.

Honours
 Italian Volleyball League (5)
  1. place: 2005/2006, 2011/2012, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2018/2019
  Italian Volleyball Cup (5)
  1. place: 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2016/2017
  Italian SuperCup (4)
  1. place: 2005/2006, 2007/2008, 2011/2012, 2014/2015
 CEV Champions League (2)
  1. place: 2001/2002, 2018-2019
 FIVB Club World Championship (1)
  1. place: 2019
 CEV Cup (3)
  1. place: 2000/2001, 2004/2005, 2005/2006
 CEV Challenge Cup (1)
  1. place: 2010/2011

Former names

Team

2015/2016

Notable players

Other websites
 Official site
1990 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Italy
Italian volleyball clubs
25 is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele. It was released on November 20, 2015.  There are eleven tracks on the album.  The lead single from the album, "Hello", was released on October 23, 2015. It reached number one in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia. It was number one across Europe including Germany, France, Russia and Italy. It hit number ten in Japan. 25 marks Adele's return to music after her recording of the Bond theme "Skyfall" in 2012, along with the birth of her son Angelo that year.  She has worked with producers who have worked with Pink, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, and Taylor Swift.  She also worked with Bruno Mars on the song "All I Ask".  Five other songs charted from the album on the Billboard Hot 100, even though they were not released as singles at the time.  They were "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", "When We Were Young", "Remedy", "All I Ask", and "Water Under the Bridge".
25 has officially broken the record for the most albums sold in a week in the US by selling 3.38 million copies.  It has gone on to sell over 4 million copies in the US alone after only two weeks of release.  The album has been certified Diamond in the United States for sales and streams of more than 10 million copies in that country alone.  The album was not made available on streaming sites such as Spotify and Apple Music.  On November 20, 2016, a year after 25 was released, Billboard reported that the album sold over 9.1 million copies in the US alone, not including any streams of the album.

Adele has stated that 25 was a "make-up record," compared to her previous album, 21, being a "breakup record."  The song "Sweetest Devotion" was written about her son Angelo, who was born in October 2012.
On December 14, 2015, Billboard said that "When We Were Young" has been chosen as the second single from 25. When this was announced, the song had charted as high as number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number 14. It has been certified Platinum in the United States.

The third single, "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", was released on May 16, 2016.  The music video premiered at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards on May 22, where 25 won the award for Top Billboard 200 Album.  "Send My Love" reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and the top five in the UK.  It was certified Platinum in the United States.

The fourth single, "Water Under the Bridge", was released on November 4, 2016.  So far, it reached number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100.

25 won two awards at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017 for Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year.

Awards 
2017 — 59th Annual Grammy Awards
 Album of the Year — Won
 Best Pop Vocal Album — Won

Track listing
Track listing

Credits and personnel 
Vocals - Adele

References 

2015 albums
Adele albums
Pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
Columbia Records albums
Aswan Dam might refer to:
 Aswan Low Dam completed in 1902
 Aswan High Dam, completed in 1971
Walter Daniel John Tull (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional  footballer. He played as an inside forward for Tottenham Hotspur and Northampton Town. He was the second person of mixed race to play in the top division of the Football League. He was the first mixed-race British outfielder in the top division of English football. His professional football career began after he was spotted while playing for his local amateur club, Clapton F.C..  He began playing for Clapton in 1908. Within a few months he had won winners' medals in the FA Amateur Cup, London County Amateur Cup and London Senior Cup. In March 1909 the Football Star called him "the catch of the season".

Tull was brought up in a National Children's Home orphanage in Bethnal Green, London, along with his brother. They were placed there following the death of their parents. He joined Tottenham in 1909 and transferred to Northampton Town in 1911, where he made 111 first-team appearances.
During the First World War, Tull served in the Footballers' Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment. He fought in the Battle of the Somme in 1916. Tull was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on 30 May 1917. This was in spite of the fact there was a ban on black people being given that status.

Tull fought in Italy in 1917–18. He was noted for his "gallantry and coolness" while leading his company of 26 men on a raiding party into enemy territory. He returned to France in 1918. Tull was killed in action on 25 March during the Spring Offensive. His body was never recovered.

Campaigners have called for a statue to be erected in his honour. Northampton South MP Brian Binley has campaigned for Tull to be posthumously awarded the Military Cross. He was honoured with a commemorative plaque in London placed close to where he lived. A Walter Tull commemorative coin is part of a set of £5 coins released by the Royal Mint.

References
References 

1888 births
1918 deaths
British military personnel of World War I
English footballers
Military people killed in World War I
People from Folkestone
Sportspeople from Kent
Sportspeople from London
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Westfield is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,068.

References 

Cities in Indiana
Moheener Ghoraguli were a Bengali independent music group that became famous in the 1990s. They performed for more than 10 years. They are famous for their lyrical theme. Most of their albums are concept albums, which means every song is linked through a theme. Their first album was the Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak, which was released in 1977. Their latest album is Khyapar Gaan, which was released in 1999. The band were named actually taken from a poem "Ghora" ('Horses') from the poetry book Shatti Tarar Timir by the great modernist Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. In 2008, they played at a concert called Abar Bochhor Tirish Pore. The original line up was Gautam Chattopadhyay, Biswanath Chattopadhyay, Pradip Chattopadhyay, Ranjon Ghoshal, Abraham Mazumdar, Tapas Das and Tapesh Bandopadhyay. They have made some very popular albums including Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak and Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore.

Discography
Discography 

 Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak (1977)
 Ajaana UDonto bostu ba Aw-Oo-Baw (1978)
 Drishyomaan Moheener Ghoraguli (1979)

Other websites 

 Moheener Ghoraguli's official site 

Musical groups established in 1976
1976 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in India
Musical groups disestablished in 1981
20th-century disestablishments in India

Musical groups established in 1995
1995 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in India
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
1999 disestablishments in Asia
1981 disestablishments in Asia
In law a trust is a relationship where property is held by one party for the benefit of another party. A trust is created by the owner, also called a "settlor", "trustor" or "grantor"  who transfers property to a trustee. The trustee holds that property for the trust's beneficiaries. Trusts exist mainly in common law jurisdictions. They have existed since Roman times.

Basics of trusts  
When an owner of property places that property into trust, he or she turns over part or all of his or her rights to the trustee. This separates the property's legal ownership and control from its settlor's ownership and benefits. This controls the property and its benefits if the settlor is absent, incapacitated, or dead. Trusts are frequently created in wills, defining how money and property will be handled for children or other beneficiaries.
The trustee is given legal title to the trust property, but has an obligation to act for the good of the beneficiaries. The benefits of the trust belong to the beneficiary. The trustee may be compensated and have expenses reimbursed. But the trustee must otherwise turn over all profits from the trust properties. Trustees who don't do this are self-dealing. Courts can reverse self dealing actions, order profits returned, and impose other sanctions.

The trustee may be either a individual, a company, or a public body. There may be a single trustee or multiple co-trustees. The trust is governed by the terms under which it was created. In most jurisdictions, this requires a contractual trust agreement or deed.
Advantages of a trust may include:
 Avoiding probate or court intervention with regard to a person's assets;
 Planning for future events that may affect property;
 Control of what happens to assets after death;
 Possible reduction of future tax liability;
 Keeping financial affairs confidential when they might otherwise have to be disclosed in probate court; and
 Planning for your own disability or incapacity, or providing support for a disabled family member.

Testamentary trusts 
Testamentary trusts transfer property into the trust after the death of the settlor. The trust allows the settlor to specify any conditions and may spread payments from the trust over a period of time. Testamentary trusts are not automatically created when the settlor dies but may be specified in will. Because a testamentary trust is created by a provision of a  will, it is necessary for the estate to go through probate.
Living trusts 
A living trust may be more complicated than a testamentary trust. Many people use a living trust to avoid probate, although even with a trust a deceased person's estate will often still include assets that must be probated. You also cannot use living trusts to name guardians for your children, but may designate a guardian in your will.

Living trusts may be used to manage property both during the settlor's lifetime and after death. If the settlor becomes incapacitated, disabled by an accident or illness, or is unavailable to manage the property the trustee may manage the property on behalf of the settlor in a manner consistent with the terms of the trust.

References
Toulouse Business School is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 5 places, in Paris and Toulouse, France, in the United Kingdom (London), in Spain (Barcelona) and in Morocco (Casablanca), where it is a university.  It is one of the oldest business schools in the world, established in 1903.  It presents itself as "Think and Create".

TBS is well-known for its aviation management degrees in partnership with the French Civil Aviation University.

Notable alumni
Méziane Idjerouidène, President of Aigle Azur;
Omar Kabbaj, advisor to King Mohammed VI of Morocco
Renan Luce, singer and songwriter
Laurent Morali (born 1975), French-born, US-based real estate developer
Nicolas Todt, motorsport CEO.

References

Other websites 

 Toulouse Business School

Education in France
Toulouse
John Bel Edwards (born September 16, 1966) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician. He is the Governor of Louisiana since January 2016. He was elected on November 21, 2015. He was a member of and the Minority Leader of the Louisiana House of Representatives, having represented the 72nd District from 2008 through 2016.

Edwards was born in Amite City, Louisiana. Many of his family members have been police officers, and in the 19th century they owned a lot of slaves. Edwards was an officer in the United States Army then a lawyer before he decided to run for governor.

References

Other websites
 Edwards for Governor campaign site 
 Louisiana House of Representatives - John Bel Edwards  official government website
 Election results

1966 births
Living people
Governors of Louisiana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Joseph Silverstein (March 21, 1932 – November 22, 2015) was an American violinist and conductor. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

In 1962, Silverstein became concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a job he held for 22 years. He was appointed assistant conductor in 1971. He was music director of the Utah Symphony from 1983 to 1998. He has served as a professor of violin at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia.

Silverstein died on November 21, 2015 in Boston, Massachusetts from a heart attack at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
Utah Symphony Orchestra history 
Portland Symphony Orchestra page on Silverstein

1932 births
2015 deaths
American conductors
Educators from Detroit
American violinists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Musicians from Detroit
Musicians from Boston
Educators from Boston
Linda Haglund   (15 June 1956 – 21 November 2015) was a Swedish Olympic sprinter. Her running career would take her to the 1972, 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics. Haglund had her best Olympic Games showing with a fourth place in the Moscow Games' 100 metres final.  

Haglund died from complications of lung cancer on 21 November 2015, aged 59.

References

1956 births
2015 deaths
1972 Summer Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics
Swedish sprinters
Swedish Olympians
Robert Lloyd "Bob" Foster (April 27, 1942 – November 21, 2015) was an American light heavyweight and heavyweight professional boxer.

Early life
Foster was born in Borger, Texas. He was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Career
He was known as "The Deputy Sheriff", Foster was one of the greatest light heavyweight champions in boxing history. He won the undisputed light heavyweight championship from Dick Tiger in 1968 via fourth round knockout, and went on to defend his crown fourteen times in total from 1968 to 1974. Foster challenged heavyweight kings Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali during his career, but was knocked out by both fighters. He retired from professional boxing in 1978, at the age of 36.

Death
Foster died on November 21, 2015 at a hospital in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the age of 73

References

Other websites
New Mexico Boxing, the Bob Foster story 

1938 births
2015 deaths
African-American boxers
Sportspeople from Texas
Sportspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Chester William Nimitz, Sr. (; February 24, 1885February 20, 1966) was an American fleet admiral of the United States Navy. He played a major role in the naval history of World War II as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CinCPac), for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II.

Nimitz was born in Fredericksburg, Texas. He studied at the United States Naval Academy. Nimitz died in Yerba Buena Island, San Francisco, California from pneumonia caused by a stroke, aged 80.

Related pages
 USS Nimitz (CVN-68)
 Guadalcanal Campaign
 Battle of Midway
 Battle of Okinawa

References

Other websites
Other websites

 National Museum of the Pacific War
 USS Nimitz Association
 Nimitz-class Navy Ships at Federation of American Scientists
 Nimitz State Historic Site  in Fredericksburg, Texas
 "The Navy‘s Part in the World War," (26 Nov 1945) . A speech by Nimitz from the Commonwealth Club of California Records at the Hoover Institution Archives.

1885 births
1966 deaths
American admirals
American military personnel of World War I
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from pneumonia
Military people from Texas
The Tower Commission was created on 26 November 1986 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in response to the Iran Contra scandal. Reagan appointed Republican and former Senator John Tower of Texas, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft.

The Commission's report, published on 26 February 1987, concluded that CIA Director William Casey, who supported the Iran-Contra arrangement, should have taken over the operation and made the President aware of the risks and notified Congress as legally required. 

The Commission's work was continued by the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair, which were formed in January 1987 and published a report in November 1987; and by Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh, appointed 1 December 1986 and publishing a final report in 1993.

References

1986 in the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Oskar Fischer (19 March 1923 – 2 April 2020) was an East German politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the German Democratic Republic from 1975 to 1990. Fischer was the first member of the East German cabinet to visit Pope John Paul II at the Vatican in 1978. He was born in Aš, Czechoslovakia.

Fischer died on 2 April 2020 in Berlin, aged 97.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2020 deaths
Czechoslovak people
Ambassadors of Germany
Government ministers of East Germany
Members of the Volkskammer
Politicians of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Allan Joseph MacEachen, OC (July 6, 1921 – September 12, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Inverness, Nova Scotia. He was the first Deputy Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1977 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984 during Pierre Trudeau tenure as prime minister. In 2008, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

MacEachen died on September 12, 2017 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
 Allan MacEachen 

1921 births
2017 deaths
People from Nova Scotia
Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Dhawalagiri () was one of the fourteen administrative zones of Nepal. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 556,191.

Related pages
 Zones of Nepal
 Districts of Nepal
 Development Regions of Nepal

References

Other websites 

 Introduction of Western  regions of Nepal.
 About Dhawalagiri Zone and also it's locations.

Zones of Nepal
Trentino Volley is a professional volleyball team  based in Trento, in northern Italy. It has played in the Italian Volleyball League without interruption since 2000. It has won the Italian Volleyball League (four times), the Italian Cup, the Italian Super Cup, the CEV Champions League (three consecutive times) and the FIVB Men's Club World Volleyball Championship (a record four consecutive times). In the 2010–11 season it won national, continental and world championships. It is the first and only team in volleyball history to have done that.

Province of Trento
Italian volleyball clubs
2000 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Italy
Culex (also called the common house mosquito) is a genus of mosquitoes. It includes several species of mosquitoes that vector (carry and transmit) one or more important diseases between birds, humans and other animals. The diseases they vector include West Nile virus, as well as arbovirus and filariasis infections. A connection between Culex mosquitoes and malaria was first shown by Major Ronald Ross of the British Army. Ross received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work.

References 

Infectious diseases
Flies
Eulerian path is a notion from graph theory. A eulerian path in a graph is one that visits each edge of the graph once only. A Eulerian circuit or  Eulerian cycle is an Eulerian path which starts and ends on the same vertex.

Graph theory
Fulfillingness' First Finale is the seventeenth studio album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on July 22, 1974 by Tamla. Wonder would release his next album Songs in the Key of Life in 1976, two years after Fulfillingness' First Finale.

Reception

Fulfillingness' First Finale received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing
Track listing 

Side One
"Smile Please" – 3:28
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums
Michael Sembello – electric guitar
Reggie McBride – electric bass
Bobbye Hall – congas, bongos
Jim Gilstrap – background vocals
Deniece Williams (credited as Denise) – background vocals
"Heaven Is 10 Zillion Light Years Away" – 5:02
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Paul Anka – background vocal
Syreeta Wright – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – background vocal
"Too Shy to Say" – 3:29
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano
James Jamerson – acoustic bass
Sneaky Pete Kleinow – pedal steel guitar
"Boogie On Reggae Woman" – 4:56
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, piano, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
Rocky Dzidzornu – congas
"Creepin'" – 4:22
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Minnie Riperton – background vocal
Side Two
"You Haven't Done Nothin'" – 3:29
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, bass drum, hi-hat, cymbal
Reggie McBride – electric bass
The Jackson 5 – background vocals
Robert Margouleff and Malcolm Cecil – synthesizers
Horns, drum machine – uncredited
"It Ain't No Use" – 4:01
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass
Lani Groves – background vocal
Minnie Riperton – background vocal
Deniece Williams – background vocal
"They Won't Go When I Go" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) – 5:58
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Bob and Malcolm - programming Moog
"Bird of Beauty" – 3:48
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, Hohner clavinet, drums, percussions, Moog bass
Bobbye Hall – cuíca
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
Lani Groves – background vocal
Deniece Williams – background vocal
Sergio Mendes - Portuguese lyrics
Drum machine - uncredited 
"Please Don't Go" – 4:07
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, handclaps, drums, hi-hat, Moog bass
Michael Sembello – acoustic guitar
The Persuasions – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
Deniece Williams – background vocal
Cover versions 
 "Too Shy to Say" - Later recorded by Diana Ross in 1978.
 "Too Shy to Say" - George Michael performed the song in his Faith Tour.
 "Creepin'" - Later recorded by Luther Vandross for The Night I Fell in Love in 1985.
 "They Won't Go When I Go" - Later recorded by George Michael for Listen Without Prejudice, Vol 1 in 1990.
 "They Won't Go When I Go" - Later recorded by Kevin Max for The Blood in 2007.
 "Boogie On Reggae Woman" - Later regularly performed live by Phish and featured on Hampton Comes Alive among other live releases.
2007.
 "Boogie On Reggae Woman" - Later recorded by Marcus Miller for  Silver Rain in 2005
 "You Haven't Done Nothing" - Later recorded by Curumin for "Achados e Perdidos", in 2005

Chart positions 
Billboard Chart information by Billboard VNU eMedia

Album 

Singles

References

1974 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Songs in the Key of Life is the eighteenth studio album by American recording artist Stevie Wonder. It was released on September 28, 1976, by Tamla.

Critical reception

Songs in the Key of Life received generally positive reviews from critics.

Track listing

Original vinyl release
Side one
"Love's in Need of Love Today" (Stevie Wonder) – 7:06
Stevie Wonder – Fender Rhodes, Clavinet, Yamaha GX-1 synthesizer, bass synth, drums
Eddie "Bongo" Brown – kalimba
"Have a Talk with God" (Calvin Hardaway, Wonder) – 2:42
Stevie Wonder - all instruments synthesizer
"Village Ghetto Land" (Gary Byrd, Wonder) – 3:25
Stevie Wonder - Yamaha GX-1 synthesizer
"Contusion" (Wonder) – 3:46
Mike Sembello – lead guitar
Raymond Pounds – drums
Nathan Watts – bass
Ben Bridges – rhythm guitar
Greg Phillinganes – keyboard
Stevie Wonder – all other instruments
Michael Gray, Josie James, Shirley Brewer, Artece May – vocals
"Sir Duke" (Wonder) – 3:52
Raymond Pounds – drums
Nathan Watts – bass
Mike Sembello – lead guitar
Ben Bridges – rhythm guitar
Hank Redd – alto saxophone
Raymond Maldonado – trumpet
Trevor Laurence – tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Stevie Wonder – all other instruments
Side two
"I Wish" (Wonder) – 4:12
Stevie Wonder – vocals, Fender Rhodes, ARP 2600 synthesizer, vocoder, drums
Nathan Watts – bass
Hank Redd – alto saxophone
Trevor Laurence – tenor saxophone
Raymond Maldonado – trumpet
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Renee Hardaway - vocals ("you nasty boy!")
"Knocks Me Off My Feet" (Wonder) – 3:36
Stevie Wonder – vocals, acoustic piano, Fender Rhodes, drums, synth bass
"Pastime Paradise" (Wonder) – 3:27
Stevie Wonder – Yamaha GX-1 synthesizer, percussions
Raymond Maldonado, Bobbye Hall – percussions
Hare Krishna, West Angeles Church Choir – background vocals
"Summer Soft" (Wonder) – 4:14
Ben Bridges – rhythm guitar
Ronnie Foster – organ
Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – percussion
Stevie Wonder – vocals, piano, bass synthesizer, drums
"Ordinary Pain" (Wonder) – 6:16
Mike Sembello – lead guitar
Hank Redd – alto saxophone
Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, Fender Rhodes, bass synthesizer, drums
Minnie Riperton, Mary Lee Whitney, Deniece Williams, Syreeta Wright – background vocals
Shirley Brewer – reply
Linda Lawrence, Terri Hendricks, Sundray Tucker, Charity McCrary, Madelaine Jones – reply's background vocals
Side three
"Isn't She Lovely" (Wonder) – 6:34
Greg Phillinganes – keyboard
Stevie Wonder – Fender Rhodes, RMI Electra Piano, bass synthesizer, harmonica, drums
"Joy Inside My Tears" (Wonder) – 6:30
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, background vocals, piano, bass synthesizer, drums
Greg Phillinganes – keyboard
Susaye Green – background vocals
"Black Man"(Byrd/Wonder) – 8:27
Stevie Wonder – Fender Rhodes, bass synthesizer, synthesizer, talk box, drums, percussion
Hank Redd – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio – trumpet
George Bohanon – trombone
Glen Ferris – trombone

Side four

"Ngiculela – Es Una Historia – I Am Singing" (Wonder) – 3:48
Charles Brewer, Shirley Brewer, Renee Hardaway, Nelson Hayes, Marietta Waters, Nathan Watts, John Fischbach, Amale Mathews, Josette Valentino – background percussion
Stevie Wonder – vocals, Koto synthesizer, bass synthesizer, drums
Zulu translation by Thoko Mdalose Hall, Spanish translation by Raymond Maldonado
"If It's Magic" (Wonder) – 3:12
Dorothy Ashby – harp
Stevie Wonder – vocal, harmonica

"As" (Wonder) – 7:08
Nathan Watts – bass, handclaps
Dean Parks – guitar
Herbie Hancock – Fender Rhodes, handclaps
Greg Brown – drums
Stevie Wonder – lead and background vocal, Fender Rhodes
Mary Lee Whitney – background vocals
Dave Hanson, Yolanda Simon, Josette Valentino – handclaps

"Another Star" (Wonder) – 8:08
Bobbi Humphrey – flute
George Benson – guitar and background vocals
Hank Redd – alto saxophone
Raymond Maldonado – trumpet
Trevor Laurence – tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Nathan Alford, Jr. – percussion
Carmello Hungria Garcia – timbales
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal and background vocals, piano, drums
Nathan Watts – bass
Josie James – background vocals
A Something's Extra
The "A Something's Extra" 7" extended play was included with the special-edition version of the original LP. These tracks are also on most CD versions of the album, as well as the Blu-ray Audio. They were either split between both discs or added to the end of the second disc.

Side one
"Saturn" (Michael Sembello, Wonder) – 4:54
Mike Sembello – lead guitar
Ben Bridges – rhythm guitar
Gregory Phillinganes – keyboard
Stevie Wonder – all other instruments
"Ebony Eyes" (Wonder) – 4:11
Nathan Watts – bass
Jim Horn – saxophone
Peter "Sneaky Pete" Kleinow – steel guitar
Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, tack piano, talkbox, drums

Side two
"All Day Sucker" (Wonder) – 5:06
Ben Bridges – rhythm guitar
Mike Sembello – rhythm guitar
W. G. "Snuffy" Walden – lead guitar
Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, background vocals, bass synthesizer, Clavinet, drums
Carolyn Denis – background vocals
"Easy Goin' Evening (My Mama's Call)" (Wonder) – 3:55
Nathan Watts – bass
Stevie Wonder – Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums
CD release

Personnel
Stevie Wonder – harmonica, arranger, keyboards, programming, vocals, drums
Michael Sembello – guitar
Sneaky Pete Kleinow – pedal steel
George Benson – guitar, vocals
Ronnie Foster – organ
Herbie Hancock – keyboards, handclapping
Dean Parks – guitar
Greg Phillinganes – keyboards
W.G. "Snuffy" Walden – guitar
Nathan Watts – bass guitar, vocals, handclapping
Greg Brown – drums
Raymond Lee Pounds – drums
Hank Redd – alto and tenor saxophone
George Bohannon – trombone
Ben Bridges – guitar, sitar
Dorothy Ashby – harp
Bobbi Humphrey – flute
Howard "Buzzy" Feiten – guitar
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Trevor Lawrence – tenor saxophone
Glen Ferris – trombone
Jim Horn – saxophone
Deniece Williams – vocals
Minnie Riperton – vocals
Gary Byrd – vocals
Michael Wycoff – vocals
Larry Scott – sound effects
Carol Cole – percussion
Bobbye Hall – percussion
Jay Boy Adams – vocals
Nathan Alford, Jr. – percussion
Henry America – vocals
Linda America – vocals
Baradras – vocals
Brenda Barnett – vocals
Khalif Bobatoon	– vocals