Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The 2019 UK Championship was a professional snooker tournament. It took place from 26 November to 8 December 2019. It was the 43rd UK Championship, and the seventh ranking tournament and the first Triple Crown event of the 2019–20 season. The event was shown on BBC Sport in the United Kingdom and on Eurosport in Europe. The tournament was sponsored by betting company Betway.

Ronnie O'Sullivan had won the 2018 event. O'Sullivan was beaten in the last 16 by Ding Junhui. Ding played Stephen Maguire in the final. Ding beat Maguire 10–6 to win his third UK championship.

Tournament draw
The results of the event are shown below. The winners of each match are indicated in bold.

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Bottom half

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Finals

Final

References

Other websites 

 Official Website
Pages using deprecated image syntax
UK Championship
2019 in sports
The 2018 UK Championship was a snooker tournament, that took place from 27 November to 9 December 2018. It was the ninth ranking tournament and the first Triple Crown event of the 2018/2019 season. The event was shown on BBC Sport and Eurosport in the United Kingdom.

Ronnie O'Sullivan, the defending champion, defeated Mark Allen 10–6 in the final, winning his 7th UK Championship and his 34th ranking event overall. Stuart Bingham made the event's highest break of 145 in the first frame of his third round match against David Gilbert.

Main draw

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Bottom half

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Finals

Final

References 

UK Championship
2018 in sports
Kamil Özdemir Tolon, better known as Kamil Tolon, (29 February 1912 - 23 July 1978) is a Turkish Entrepreneur, scientist, businessman and  industrialist.

Life

He was born as the second of the six child of Defterdar Muhittin Bey and Behiye Hanım. In 1937 he got married to Müeyyet Bulut, but his marriage ended in 1942. From his marriage with Müeyyet Bulut, they had two daughters, Abatun and Barkın Tolon. In 1943 Tolon was married for second time to Muzaffer Biliktü . After 1 year of their marriages Dara Tolon was born. In 1949 Cana Tolon was born.

Career
Career 

When he graduated from university in 1935, he was appointed as PTT inspector. He resigned because of his experiences during his first inspection trip to Anatolia in 1937. After that, with Mayor of Bursa, Fahri Batıca, they had opened a shop. In this shop they produced Turkey's first washing machine. After that, his classmate Adnan Menderes suggested that Kamil Tolon produce electric motors. After that, he had produced Turkey's first electric motor. During that time, he had developed the copper wire machine. After that, he became a founder of Justice Party and BTSO.

Death 
He died in Switzerland on 23rd of July, 1978.

References

Inventors
1912 births
1978 deaths
Turkish businesspeople
The Krymsky Bridge, also called the Crimean Bridge (), is a 6-lane steel suspension bridge in Moscow. It crosses the Moskva River  southwest of the Kremlin. The bridge links the Crimean Square on the north side to the Krymsky Val street on the south side. It was built in 1938 and was part of Joseph Stalin's rebuilding of Central Moscow. It is the fourth bridge to be built on the site and the only suspension bridge in Moscow.

References

Suspension bridges
Moscow
Philo of Byzantium (, about 280 BC to about 220 BC). He was also known as Philo Mechanicus.  He was a Greek engineer, physicist and writer on mechanics. Although from Byzantium, he lived most of his life in Alexandria, Egypt. 

Philo was the author of a large work, Mechanike syntaxis (Compendium of Mechanics).

References

280s BC births
Ancient Greeks
Gladys May Aylward (24 February 1902 – 3 January 1970) was a British-born evangelical Christian missionary to China, whose story was told in the book The Small Woman, by Alan Burgess, published in 1957.

Film of her life
The life of Gladys Aylward was made into the film The Inn of the Sixth Happiness, starring Ingrid Bergman, in 1958. The film was produced by Twentieth Century Fox, and filmed entirely in North Wales and England.  Many things in the film were not true to the life of Gladys.  However, it brought her some fame. This allowed her to speak to groups in many countries about her true work and love for Jesus.
Missionary service
Gladys was not accepted by missionary societies due to her lack of education. She saved money for the train fare.  She went to China on her own to work with an older woman.  After that woman, Jeannie Lawson, died, Gladys took over her work. Much of her life was spent caring for orphans.  During the Second World War, she rescued many orphans who had been abandoned or whose parents had been killed.  This involved dangerous journeys with the children to get away from places where the war was raging. She finally settled in Taiwan in 1958. There, she founded the Gladys Aylward Orphanage, where she worked until her death in 1970.

References

1902 births
1970 deaths
John Mayow FRS (1641–1679) was a chemist, physician, and physiologist who is known today for doing early research into respiration and the nature of air.  Mayow worked in a field that is sometimes called pneumatic chemistry.

References

1641 births
British chemists
1679 deaths
Gérard Lamy (2 May 1919 – 26 October 2016) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada from 1962 to 1963. During this time, he represented the electoral area of Saint-Maurice—Laflèche and was a part of the Social Credit Party. Lamy was born on 2 May 1919 in Shawinigan, Quebec. Before becoming a politician, he was a contractor.

Lamy was only elected one time, in the 1962 federal election. He beat the incumbent Liberal MP, Joseph-Adolphe Richard. Lamy was part of the first group of 26 Social Credit MPs from Quebec who were elected that year. In the election the year after, he lost his election. This was very unexpected, because both Lamy and the Liberal Party thought he would not lose the election. The person that beat him was Liberal Jean Chrétien. Chrétien would later become the Prime Minister of Canada.
Lamy tried to win two more elections after this. In the 1970 Quebec provincial election, he lost his election as a part of the Ralliement créditiste du Québec. In the 1979 general election, he lost his election as a part of the Progressive Conservative Party. Lamy did not run for election ever again after 1979. He died in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, on 26 October 2016.

References

Other websites
 

1919 births
2016 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
An arrowsmith is a person to takes on an occupation/role/job that forges the heads of arrows. This is usually brought up in medieval history, as more modern jobs came along, and just a small amount of the population (most of those people working for rural purposes), has the occupation today. The idea of archery was created in 20,000 BC. Like today, people did not use the bow and arrow on a regular basis. But unlike today, they mostly used this new creation for hunting. The first people ever to use it normally was the ancient Egyptians from 4,000 to 2,000 BC. Then the bows started to take a fall in popularity across the world, as gunpowder was invented, along with the cannon. It spread across eurasia, after being invented in China in the third century. (200AD)

Archery
Metalworking occupations
A block on the periodic table is a group of elements that all have their electrons in the same atomic orbital. There are four blocks, s-, d-, f, and p-. The word "block" was first used to describe this by Charles Janet.

Blocks

p-block
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table. Elements from groups 13-18 are in the p-block.

d-block
The d-block is in the middle of the periodic table. Elements from groups 3 to 12 are in the d-block.

f-block 
The f-block is shown in green in the illustration above. The elements 57 to 71 are called Lanthanides, elements 89 to 103 are called Actinides.

s-block 
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table. Elements from groups 1-2 are in the s-block.

References

Periodic table
Swaminarayan Akshardham is a Hindu temple, and a spiritual-cultural campus in New Delhi, India

New Delhi
was a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives from 1947 to 1990, and was Prime Minister of Japan from 1972 to 1974.

References

1918 births
1993 deaths
Japanese politicians
People from Niigata Prefecture
In chemistry, residue is what is left behind after preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration.

Chemistry
Daniel O'Donnell (born 12 December 1961) is an Irish singer.

References 

1961 births
Living people
Irish singers
People from County Donegal
An oxygen concentrator is a machine that takes in air and takes out some of the nitrogen (as N2) so there is more oxygen (as O2). This new air with more oxygen is then given to a patient during oxygen therapy.

Medical equipment
Oxygen
was a Japanese politician. He was the acting Prime Minister of Japan in 1980 after the sudden death of Masayoshi Ōhira. He was Foreign Minister from 1980 to 1981.

References

1913 births
1994 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
Politicians from Fukushima Prefecture
The Malayali people (also spelled Malayalee people) are the native speakers of the Malayalam language. They originate from the south of the current Indian state of Kerala. Sometimes they are called Keralites. There are about 39 million people who speak Malayalam as their first language. 34 million of these live in India, about 1 million in the United Arab Emirates. About 55% are Hindus, about 27% are Muslims, and about 19% are Christian.

The Malayali language is part of the Dravidian language group.  The Malayali have their own cooking styles, movies, and form of martial arts, Kalaripayattu.

The United Nations declared a Malayali dance called Kathakali Intangible Cultural Heritage.

References

Dravidian peoples
Ethnic groups in India
Malayali people
Ole Borch (1626 – 1690) (latinized to Olaus Borrichius or Olaus Borrichus) was a Danish scientist, physician, grammarian, and poet, most well-known today for being the teacher at the Vor Frue Skole in Copenhagen of Nicholas Steno.

References

1626 births
1690 deaths
Danish physicians
Pierre Bayen (7 February 1725–14 February 1798) was a French chemist.

References

1725 births
1798 deaths
French chemists
Johann Joachim Becher (; 6 May 1635 – October 1682) was a German physician, and alchemist,  best known for his development of the phlogiston theory of combustion, and his advancement of Austrian cameralism.

References

1635 births
1682 deaths
was a Japanese journalist and politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1956 to 1957. He studied at Waseda University. He was a journalist for the Mainichi Shimbun.

References

1884 births
1973 deaths
Politicians from Tokyo
Politicians from Yamanashi Prefecture
Prime Ministers of Japan
Japanese journalists
Waseda University alumni
Bergen is a town and municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 29,974 people lived there.

Municipalities of North Holland
Settlements in North Holland
Biography 
Bob Morley is the son of a Filipino mother and son of an Irish father  who died when Bob was a child. Bob has two sisters and a brother, but he is the youngest of the family.  The actor lived his childhood on a farm in Victoria, and by the age of eleven he became passionate about acting. Morley studied creative arts at La Trobe University.  He got his first role in 2006 in the TV series  Home and Away playing the character of Drew Curtis. Morley appeared in the second series of the Australian singing competition It Takes Two in May 2007. On June 12, 2007, he was eliminated after six weeks of the show, although he received the highest score that night. Morley plays Home and Away as Tony Moretti in the 2008 action movie and series The Strip. The series was cancelled due to low ratings and was not confirmed for a second series. He continued to appear in Scorched's Nine Network in 2008. Morley was named "Bachelor of the Year" in Cleo magazine.
In 2009, he played the role of Lorca in Palindrome for a Dead Poet. The following year, Morley appeared in the fourth season of Sea Patrol in the 5th episode entitled "Paradise Lost". In 2011, he starred in the Australian thriller Road Train directed by Dean Francis. The film was released in North America as Road Kill. In June 2011, it was announced that Morley had joined the cast of Neighbours as Aidan Foster. Morley took a ten-week break to appear in Blinder, a film about the rules of Australian football. Bob returned to the set in early June 2012. In 2014 he became part of the protagonists of the US television series The 100  broadcast by The CW.
Private life 
Bob is married to the actress Eliza Taylor who married on May 5 2019.  She is his colleague in the tv series The 100 , where she plays the role of Clarke Griffin, who is the protagonist. The two met on the set, and few knew about their relationship. Most fans found that they were together only when they announced they were getting married. Considering that many viewers of The 100 have always hoped for a possible relationship between the two characters, the news of the wedding has excited fans.

Bob Morley in The 100 
As already mentioned, thanks to the role of Bellamy Blake in the TV series The 100, Bob Morley has conquered the audience, receiving a lot of acclaim. The character of Bellamy initially is not one of the hundred prisoners sent to Earth to see if it's still possible to live there. He is the brother of Octavia, who is part of the group of the hundred, and who he tries to protect several times.

Filmography
Filmography

Cinema 
 Road Train, directed by Dean Francis (2010)
 Blinder, directed by Richard Gray (2013)
 The White City, directed by Tanner King Barklow and Gil Kofman (2014)

Televison 
 Home and Away – soap opera (2006-2008)
 BancoPaz (Scorched), directed by Tony Tilse - TV film (2008)
 The Strip - TV series, 13 episodes (2008)
 Sea Patrol - TV series, episode 4x05 (2010)
 Neighbours – soap opera (2010-2013)
 The 100 - TV series, 84 episodes (2014-in-progress) Bellamy Blake
 Winners & Losers - TV series, episodes 5x07 and 5x09 (2016)

Awards and nominations

Logie Awards
 2007 - Nominated as the most popular new male talent for Home and Away
Teen Choice Awards
 2015 - Nomination for best actor in a fantasy/sci-fi television series for The 100
 2016 - Nomination for best TV deal with Eliza Taylor for The 100
 2017 - Nomination for best actor in a fantasy/sci-fi TV series for The 100
 2018 - Nomination for best actor in a fantasy/sci-fi TV series for The 100
 2019 - Nomination for best actor in a fantasy/sci-fi TV series for The 100

1984 births
American television actors
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Living people
People from Victoria (Australia)
Beverwijk is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 41,176 people lived there.

Municipalities of North Holland
Settlements in North Holland
Mairelis Zunzunegui (born 8 July 1986) is a Cuban water polo player.

She was a member of the Cuba women's national water polo team at the 2019 Pan American Games and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.

References

Other websites
Swim Swam profile
 cuban-goalkeeper-mairelis-zunzunegui-tries-to-catch
cuban-goalkeeper-mairelis-zunzunegui-stops-a-ball-

1986 births
Living people
Cuban water polo players
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 156,010 people lived there. The legal county seat is Appling, but the de facto seat of county government is Evans.

References 

1790s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1790 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Crawford County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 12,130 people lived there. The county seat is Knoxville.

References

1820s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1822 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Dade County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 16,251 people lived there. The county seat is Trenton.

References

1837 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Lina Rohe is a German water polo player. She was part of the Germany women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2007 World Aquatics Championships.

References

Other websites 
 FINA world championship day 13, zimbio
 FINA world championship day 0 zimbio
 lina-rohe-of-germany-looks-to-pass

German water polo players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fayette County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 119,194 people lived there. The county seat is Fayetteville.

References

1821 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
What I Have Written is a 1996 Australian erotic drama movie directed by John Hughes and starring Gillian Jones, Martin Jacobs, Jacek Koman, Julie Forsyth, Angie Milliken.

Other websites

1996 drama movies
1990s erotic movies
Australian drama movies
Ulzana's Raid is a 1972 American western movie directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Burt Lancaster, Richard Jaeckel, Bruce Davison, Douglass Watson, Joaquin Martinez. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites

1972 movies
1970s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by Robert Aldrich
His Private Secretary is a 1933 American comedy movie directed by Phil Whitman and starring John Wayne, Evalyn Knapp, Reginald Barlow, Arthur Hoyt, Alec B. Francis, Natalie Kingston.

Other websites

1933 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Phil Whitman
Alsino and the Condor () is 1982 Nicaraguan Cuban Mexican Costa Rican drama movie directed by Miguel Littín and starring Dean Stockwell, Alan Esquivel, Carmen Bunster, Alejandro Parodi, Reynaldo Miravalles. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1983.

Other websites
 

1982 drama movies
Nicaraguan movies
Cuban movies
Mexican drama movies
Costa Rican movies
Movies directed by Miguel Littín
Pathfinder (original title in Sami: Ofelaš and in Norwegian: Veiviseren) is a 1987 Norwegian action adventure movie directed by Nils Gaup and stars Mikkel Gaup, Nils Utsi, Sara Marit Gaup, Inger Utsi, Helgi Skúlason. It was distributed by Carolco Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1988. It was remade in 2007.

Other websites
 
 
 

1987 action movies
1987 adventure movies
Norwegian action movies
Norwegian adventure movies
Movies directed by Nils Gaup
Nine Lives () is a 1957 Norwegian adventure drama movie directed by Arne Skouen and based on the novel We Die Alone by David Howarth. It stars Jack Fjeldstad, Henny Moan, Alf Malland, Joachim Holst-Jensen, Rolf Søder and was distributed by Louis de Rochemont Associates. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1958.

Other websites
 

1957 adventure movies
1957 drama movies
1957 war movies
World War II movies
Norwegian adventure movies
Norwegian drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Arne Skouen
Sayonara is a 1957 American drama movie directed by Joshua Logan and based on the 1954 novel of the same name by James Michener. It stars Marlon Brando, Patricia Owens, James Garner, Martha Scott, Red Buttons, Miiko Taka, Miyoshi Umeki, Douglass Watson and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 10 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1958.

Other websites
 
 
 

1957 drama movies
1957 war movies
1950s American drama movies
American war movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joshua Logan
Warner Bros. movies
The American Kennel Club is an association of breeders of purebred dogs. It is in the United States. The club was founded in 1886. It is one of three such associations. The others are the Federation Cynologique Internationale, and the British Kennel Club. The American Kennel Club has a defined set of dog breeds, which it classifies into groups. While the breeds are pretty standard among the three associations, the classification into groups is not.

Dogs
Organizations in New York City
1886 establishments in the United States
Animal organizations
Patriots Day is a 2016 American drama movie about the Boston Marathon bombings and chase to arrest the two Islamic terrorists. It was directed by Peter Berg and written by Berg, Matt Cook, and Joshua Zetumer. The movie is based on the book Boston Strong by Casey Sherman and Dave Wedge.

Casts 
It stars Mark Wahlberg, Kevin Bacon, John Goodman, J.K. Simmons, Michelle Monaghan, James Colby and Alex Wolff with Lana Condor. 

It was released in Boston on December 21, 2016 and worldwide on January 13, 2017. It had strong good reviews with an 80% on Rotten Tomatoes.

References

2016 drama movies
2016 crime movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Lionsgate movies
Movies set in the 2010s
Movies set in Boston
Movies set in Massachusetts
Movies directed by Peter Berg
Rachel Elizabeth Brosnahan (born July 12, 1990) is an American-British actress. She is known for appearing as Miriam "Midge" Maisel in Prime Video's period comedy series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. She won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2018 and two Golden Globe Awards in 2018 and 2019. She will play Lois Lane in the DC Universe, starting with the upcoming movie Superman: Legacy (2025). She was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1990 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
British voice actors
Actors from Milwaukee
Gemma Salem (2 August 1943 – 20 May 2020) was a Turkish-born Swiss writer. She was born in Ankara, Turkey. In 1982, Salem was nominated for the Prix Médicis for her novel Le Roman de Monsieur Boulgakov, and was supported by Marthe Robert until the last round of voting. She won the Schiller Prize in 1992 and was on the list of winners for the Prix Médicis essai and the Prix Colette in 1993. 

Salem died on 20 May 2020 in Vienna, Austria at the age of 76.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Turkish writers
Swiss writers
People from Ankara
Heather Jean Chasen (20 July 1927 – 22 May 2020) was an English actress. Chasen was known for her roles in soap operas; playing Valerie Pollard in the ITV soap opera Crossroads from 1982–86 and guest roles in Doctors, Holby City and Family Affairs. 

Chasen also played many roles in BBC Radio 2's The Navy Lark from 1959 to 1977, and appeared in the television series Marked Personal from 1973 to 1974. She played Lydia Simmonds in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. In 2012, she appeared in Les Misérables.

Chasen was born to English parents in Singapore. She studied at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Art. Chasen died on 22 May 2020, aged 92.

References

Other websites

English voice actors
English television actors
1927 births
2020 deaths
English movie actors
English radio actors
Actors from London
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Francine Holley (23 November 1919 – 22 May 2020) was a Belgian painter. She was born in Liège, Belgium. Holley was an apprentice of painter Mathilde DuMonceau from 1937 to 1944. She gave her first exhibition in 1953 at the Galerie Arnaud in Paris. She created a wall decoration on the casino in Le Pouliguen. 

In 1962, Holley painted a mural at the entrance of the École Technique Aéronautique de Ville d'Avray. She then created a graphic design of the Dalle de Bobigny. In 1978, Holley painted a mural in entrance hall of the Tour Helsinki.

Holley died on 22 May 2020 in Paris, aged 100.

References

1919 births
2020 deaths
Belgian painters
Belgian centenarians
Belgian artists
Miljan Mrdaković (, ; 6 May 1982 – 22 May 2020) was a Serbian professional footballer. He played as a striker. Mrdaković played for 20 clubs across 10 countries and scored 150 goals in all competitions. He was born in Niš.

He also represented Serbia at the 2008 Olympics. 

Mrdaković killed himself in Zvezdara, Belgrade on 22 May 2020, aged 38.

References

1982 births
2020 deaths
People who committed suicide
Serbian footballers
Alberto Francesco Alesina (April 29, 1957 – May 23, 2020) was an Italian political economist. He was born in Broni, Pavia, Italy. From 2003 to 2006, Alesina was Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University.  He was the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard. 

He visited many institutions including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Tel Aviv University, University of Stockholm, The World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).  In 2006, Alesina participated in the Stock Exchange of Visions project.

Alesina died on May 23, 2020 of a heart attack, aged 63.

References

1957 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian educators
Italian writers
Italian economists
Saturn (1936 – 22 May 2020) was an American alligator. He lived in the Moscow Zoo. He was known as an urban myth that he was Adolf Hitler's "pet alligator". He was born in the state of Mississippi, United States. He survived the Berlin bombing.

Saturn was brought to the Berlin Zoological Garden. It was here that Hitler reportedly enjoyed visiting the zoo and especially liked the alligator. However, while Hitler may have viewed Saturn at the zoo, he was never Hitler's personal pet. 

During World War II, the Berlin Zoo was destroyed, but Saturn was discovered by British soldiers, who then gave the alligator to the Soviets in 1946. 

He lived at the Moscow Zoo until 22 May 2020, when he died of old age at the age of 83–84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Individual animals
Edward Eugene Sutton (March 12, 1936 – May 23, 2020) was an American college basketball coach. He was born in Bucklin, Kansas. 

Sutton was a head coach for 36 years at the Division I level, at Creighton, Arkansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma State and the University of San Francisco. 

Sutton became the first coach to take four schools to the NCAA tournament, and he reached the Final Four with Arkansas in 1978 and Oklahoma State in 1995 and 2004. He was one of only eight major college men's basketball coaches to have over 800 career wins.

Sutton died on May 23, 2020 in Tulsa, Oklahoma at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
College basketball coaches
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Kansas
Nelson is a city and the county seat of Nuckolls County, Nebraska, United States.  The population was 456 at the 2020 census.

The city was named for C. Nelson Wheeler, the original owner of the town site.

References

County seats in Nebraska
Cities in Nebraska
Jo Jorgensen (born May 1, 1957) is an American academic and libertarian political activist. She was the Libertarian Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2020 election. 

She was the Libertarian Party nominee for vice-president in the 1996 U.S. presidential election as the running mate of Harry Browne. 

She was also the Libertarian nominee for South Carolina's 4th congressional district in 1992, receiving 4,286 votes, or 2.2%.

References

1957 births
Living people
Educators from Illinois
American political activists
Politicians from Illinois
Politicians from South Carolina
2020 United States presidential candidates
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
Educators from South Carolina
People from Libertyville, Illinois
Somis is an unincorporated community in Ventura County, California. It was created in 1892 by Thomas Bard.
Somis is in the Las Posas Valley on the south bank of Fox Barranca, just west of Arroyo Las Posas. As of 2020, the total population was 1,429.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Ventura County, California
The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century 
by Jürgen Osterhammel, an expert for global history, concentrates on the 19th century, a period when human history was arlready globally connected.

Osterhammel carefully avoids telling a story of the 19th century. Instead in the beginning he looks at carefully selected aspects  1. the image that people had of themselves at that time, 2. their understandig of time and 3. space.

Looking at self-image and iunderstanding of time, he always sees the 19th century in terms of its characteristic differences from the earlier centuries and the changes that brought about the structures of the 20th century. The sentence "Before the 20th century, not a single year can be seen as epochal for all mankind" (p. 96) can be considered exemplary. The 19th century is placed in the continuity of the previous centuries and on the other hand clearly differentiated from the degree of globalization of the 20th.
This also applies to his statements about space. He carefully takes care that common terms are not used unchecked as they were in the 19th century:

"The collective name 'Southeast Asia' was created in Japan during the First World War." (p. 137) "The category the 'West', for example, [...] cannot be found as a dominant figure of thought before the 1890s." (P.143) "In the long nineteenth century there was much more talk of the 'civilized world' than of the 'West'. [...] In Japan it was even the goal of national politics to be accepted as a civilized country." (P.144)

Panoramas 
Osterhammel then gives an overview of eight major realities under the heading Panoramas without claim to completeness, which are intended to capture essential elements of the overall history of the 19th century:

Sedentary and Mobile 
Here Osterhammel looks at the entire demographic development, not only on migrationand the followings
Living standards 
Living standards can be described quantitatively, even if wealth can mean something very different depending on society.
 
Cities
He sees them on the one hand as representatives of entire civilizations and as nodes. In this role he looks especially metropolises and ports.

Frontiers 
Cities and Frontiers have all in common that they attract migrants.

Empires and nation-states 
"The 20th century was the great epoch of the nation-state. In the 19th century, the empire, not yet the nation-state, was the dominant territorial organizational form of power on a world scale."
Power systems, wars, internationalisms 
The European state system followed agreed rules from 1815, but these only applied in Europe, not to non-European powers. There was a "deliberate de-globalization of international politics
Revolutions
After discussing several definitions of revolution, Osterhammel uses the example of the American and the French Revolution to explain why he sees them as the starting point of 'political modernity'.

State 
During the 19th century one could find the greatest variety of political forms.
Subjects 
Energy and industry
"The industrialization achieved around 1900 around the world was due to an innovation boost in England after 1760. But "industrialization was, at least in its beginnings, never a national but always a regional phenomenon ". (p.910)" Industrial revolution was  "the common historical term for the period after 1760, but the "industry has never been more revolutionary than today" (p.916) At that time there were growth figures of 2%. (8% like in China around 2000 were unthinkable at the time.) "This Growth took place on the basis of a new energy regime, which opens up fossil energy sources for material production "
Work and employment
Work can be done in the home, in a larger village community, or within a more complex organization such as a factory, government agency, or army. The idea of ​​a regular 'job' only came up in Europe in the 19th century. Much of the work has been (and is) being carried out 'irregularly'. As a rule, work follows standardized processes, ie it moves along the lines of 'work processes'. Such processes are social in nature. They usually involve direct collaboration with others, they are always indirectly involved in social order.

Nets
"The period between the middle of the century and the First World War, just six decades, was a period of unprecedented networking." "In 1838 Friedrich List designed a railway network" for Germany. Before the railway networks were the canals, which were boosted by steam shipping. "A closed  network of canals had already been [...] created in the Netherlands between 1814 and 1848."
Hierarchies
Hierarchy is one of the most important dimensions of society. "Therefore, 'national' societies can be characterized particularly well by their legal institutions."
Knowledge
"'Knowledge' is a particularly volatile substance. As a social dimension, different from the various concepts of knowledge in philosophy, it is the invention of a science that is less than a hundred years old, the sociology of knowledge. It advances what was called 'spirit' in idealistic philosophy was, in the middle of society, related to life practices and social situations. 'Knowledge' (German: Wissen) is a somewhat narrower term than the all-encompassing concept of 'culture' (German: Kultur)." "In the 19th century, the old concept of 'science' was enriched for the first time by aspects that we firmly associate with it today. The subject system, as it is still used, only goes back to this era. Modern institutional forms of knowledge acquisition and dissemination were created: the research university, the laboratory, the humanities seminar. The relationships between science and its applications in technology and medicine became closer."
"Civilization" and exclusion
'Civilization' in the normative sense of socially constituted refinement is a universal idea. It is often associated with the idea that civilized people have the task or even the duty to spread their cultural values and their way of life. The idea of civilization was never as powerful as in the 19th century. [...] Cultural monuments like the Luther Bible or the great baroque churches can be understood as instruments of civilization missions."

Religion 
"There are good reasons for placing religiosity, religion and religions at the center of a world history of the 19th century. Back then, religion was the most important form of meaning formation for everyday life, that is, the center of all intellectual culture."

The 19th Century in History

Five Features 
Osterhammel describes five special features of the 19th century:
 the age of asymmetrical efficiency growth
 mobility
 the tendency to asymmetrical reference density
 the tension between equality and hierarchy
 emancipation
The special importance of the book 

Osterhammel does not tell from a certain perspective, but looks at the connections, the non-simultaneity of the simultaneous, the diversity of cultures and the time shift of institutions and cultural elements in different cultures from different perspectives. He justifies this courageous approach as follows: "In retrospect, the 19th century can be thought of being globally because it thought so about itself."

Patrick Manning: "In sum, I find the book to be an effective overview of the world history literature as it now exists. The author has demonstrated the ability to draw comprehensively on the literature for many topics and regions for his long nineteenth century, and has articulated it in accounts of many large-scale issues. The book presents a multifaceted narrative of approaches, panoramas, and themes. It reaches back before 1800 to trace the origins of the nineteenth-century world, but puts more effort into showing consequences for the twentieth century."
Reviews
 Patrick Manning on Osterhammel, 'The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century
"Readers in German, English, and other languages will find insightful comparisons, beginning with operas in China and Italy in the eighteenth century, and continuing with cities, labor organizations, diseases, and libraries, in a way that shows the century as a kaleidoscope of varied processes. I think readers may end up concluding that world history is a serious, complex, and not entirely mysterious field of study, and that it demonstrates the influence of one age on another and even the ways in which regions influence one another.
At the end of the book, Osterhammel wraps up with a list of five characteristics of the nineteenth century and supports them with brief commentary. The century was an “age of asymmetrical efficiency growth,” as reflected in growing productivity, the opening of new frontiers, and the increased efficiency of armed forces. Mobility, the second characteristic, grew in scale, in the technical innovations supporting migration, and the infrastructure supporting migration. Third was the “tendency to asymmetrical reference density,” the flow of ideas and cultural content, through which both the West and the East learned much about each other. The tension between equality and hierarchy centered on the expanding recognition of legal equality in Europe, and on its tension with hierarchies in other parts of the world and the new hierarchy of great powers. Fifth, this was “a century of emancipation,” in which numerous emancipation projects advanced, but in which imperialism and colonialism stunted its expansion."
J. R. McNeill: JÜRGEN OSTERHAMMEL. The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century.
 Further 52 reviews of readers in goodreads.com
Criticism
"Osterhammel, like the field of world history as a whole, has underemphasized social history, leaving readers with a view of the past that exaggerates elite initiatives as the source of change. [...] The relative brevity of Osterhammel’s discussions on Africa and Latin America, as compared with Europe, North America, and Asia, reflects world-historical bias in favor of initiative from the centers of power and fits with the strengths of the published literature."(Patrick Manning)

References 

History books
19th century
2009 books
Zack Snyder's Justice League, also known as "Snyder Cut", is the director's cut of the 2017 American superhero movie, Justice League. 

It is a version of Justice League, the fifth movie of the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) and based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, as director Zack Snyder had wanted it before he left the production and Joss Whedon took over his duties.

It won the Academy Award for Best Cheer Moment in 2022.
Differences between the two movies
Like the theatrical release, Zack Snyder's Justice League is about the Justice League, made up of Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg as they try to save the world from the threat of Steppenwolf and Darkseid. However, there are many big differences between the theatrical release and this version of the film, including more backstory on Cyborg (who becomes a much bigger part of the movie), Flash, Aquaman, Steppenwolf, and Darkseid. The "Snyder Cut" takes itself more seriously than the theatrical cut, featuring more action and character development and fewer "corny" jokes, in addition to showing characters who were originally left out like Iris West, Ryan Choi, Martian Manhunter and The Joker. It also gets rid of any scenes that Joss Whedon had filmed, only relying on what Zack Snyder had filmed before leaving the project, in addition to one more scene filmed in 2020.

The movie is divided into six parts with an epilogue due to its 4-hour length.
Plot
Thousands of years ago, Darkseid and his parademon armies try to conquer the Earth, but they are defeated by a combined army of humans, Amazons, Atlanteans, Olympic Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis, and a Green Lantern. In the present day when Superman is killed fighting Doomsday, his dying scream reawakens the Mother Boxes, devices that were used to try and destroy the Earth but left behind by Darkseid, alerting Steppenwolf, who is Darkseid's exiled lieutenant. Aiming to get the boxes to turn Earth into a copy of Apokolips, his home planet, Steppenwolf invades Themyscira first to take the Mother Box guarded by the Amazons, who send a warning to Diana Prince, leading her to find out the history of the Mother Boxes and the first battle on Earth.
Diana informs Bruce Wayne, and as the two are trying to form a team of superheroes in Superman's absence, they realize they need to act fast with Steppenwolf trying to recapture the Mother Boxes. Though Bruce had failed to recruit Arthur Curry, he finds Barry Allen and gets him to join, but Diana is unable to convince Victor Stone to join until Victor's father Silas is kidnapped by the parademons and brought to Steppenwolf. Meanwhile, Arthur is convinced to help the Atlanteans guard their Mother Box. He manages to save Mera when Steppenwolf attacks the outpost but is unable to prevent the alien from taking the second box.  Victor arrives in time to help Bruce, Diana, and Barry rescue several S.T.A.R. Labs scientists, including Silas, from an underwater building where Steppenwolf is questioning them about the final Mother Box's location. Though they fight Steppenwolf off, the building is flooded and they are only saved when Arthur arrives and stops the water from reaching them.
Steppenwolf, having failed to get the third box, receives a vision of the Anti-Life Equation that Darkseid wants so he can rule over all universes, realizing it is on Earth. He tells Darkseid and DeSaad, and Darkseid promises to redeem him if he can find the third box and transform Earth with the boxes. Meanwhile, Victor retrieves the Mother Box, which he had hidden, and tells the rest of the team that the device was used by Silas to save his life and rebuild him as a cyborg after a horrific car crash that also killed his mother. After this, the team realizes that the Box can be used to return Superman to life and they all agree to try and bring him back, though they realize the box will alert Steppenwolf either way. They dig up Clark Kent's body before sneaking it to the Kryptonian ship under watch by S.T.A.R. Labs, placing it in the waters of the ship's Genesis Chamber
. Clark is resurrected when Barry charges the box with his speed, but having lost his memories, he attacks the team when Victor targets him in self-defense. Lois Lane arrives and calms Clark down before he can kill Bruce, and they go back to Smallville so he can regain his memories.
Cast
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman
Henry Cavill as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
Amy Adams as Lois Lane
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash
Willem Dafoe as Nuidis Vulko
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth
J. K. Simmons as Commissioner Gordon
Diane Lane as Martha Kent
Joe Morton as Silas Stone
Jesse Eisenberg as Lex Luthor
Harry Lennix as Gen. Calvin Swanwick / Martian Manhunter
Amber Heard as Mera
Ciarán Hinds as Steppenwolf
Kiersey Clemons as Iris West
Joe Manganiello as Deathstroke
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta
Lisa Loven Kongsli as Menalippe
Billy Crudup as Dr. Henry Allen
Zheng Kai as Ryan Choi
Ray Porter as Darkseid
Peter Guiness as DeSaad
Jared Leto as the Joker
Carla Gugino as Kelex (voice)
Michael McElhatton as Terrorist bank robber 
Robin Wright as Antiope
David Thewlis as Ares
Background
In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production following the suicide of his daughter, and Whedon took over, finishing the movie as an uncredited director. Whedon took over reshoots and other changes that added a brighter tone and more humor, and cut the runtime down to 120 minutes.

The theatrical Justice League was a commercial failure and received mixed reviews, leading Warner Bros. to rethink the future of the DCEU.

When it was revealed that the movie had a troubled production and its state before Snyder stepped down, many fans wanted to see Snyder's version of the movie. Fans and members of the cast and crew petitioned for the release of this, which they nicknamed the "Snyder Cut".
At the time, Warner Bros. had no plans to release an alternate cut, and movie industry figures regarded the release as unlikely. However, Warner Bros. changed its mind in February 2020. In May, Snyder announced that the original four-hour cut would be completed and released as Zack Snyder's Justice League by the streaming service HBO Max. 

The Snyder Cut will cost $20–30 million to complete the visual effects, score, and editing with an additional $40-50 million for reshoots.

Release
Zack Snyder's Justice League was released in March 18, 2021 on HBO Max. and the Philippines released in March 20, 2021 in HBO Go. With a runtime of 242 minutes, it is the longest superhero movie ever made.

Notes

References
Notes

References

2021 movies
2020s superhero movies
Alternate versions of movies
Warner Bros. movies
Batman movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Zack Snyder
Superman movies
Wonder Woman movies
Justice League
DC Extended Universe movies
Screenplays by Chris Terrio
Superhero crossover movies
Apocalyptic movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
American superhero movies
HBO Max
The Anniversary is a 1968 British black comedy movie directed by Roy Ward Baker and based on the play of the same name by Bill MacIlwraith. It stars Bette Davis, James Cossins, Jack Hedley, Sheila Hancock, Christian Roberts and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1968 comedy movies
1960s black comedy movies
1960s LGBT movies
British black comedy movies
British plays adapted into movies
British LGBT movies
Movies directed by Roy Ward Baker
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in England
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are computational schemes to obtain approximate solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

Background
Since ODEs appeared in science, many mathematicians have studied how to solve them. However, only few of them can be mathematically solved. This is why numerical methods are needed. One of the most famous methods are the Runge-Kutta methods, but it doesn't work for some ODEs (especially nonlinear ODEs). This is why new ODE solvers are developed. The following list includes frequently used methods:

 Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm
 Euler's method (named after Leonhard Euler) and their variants
 Backward Euler method
 Semi-implicit Euler method
 Euler-Maruyama method
 Exponential integrator
 Leapfrog method
 Linear multistep methods
 Shooting method
 Symplectic integrator
 Taylor series method

Validated Numerics for ODEs
Not only approximate solvers, but the study to "verify the existence of solution by computers" is also active. This study is needed because numerically obtained solutions could be phantom solutions (fake solutions). This kind of incident is already reported. The popular methods are based on the shooting method or spectral methods. Today, European research teams and Japanese experts are working on this topic.

ODEs and Related Topics Studied in the Context of Validated Numerics

 Blow-up solutions
 Lorentz equation
 Rossler equation

Related Software

Chebfun
COSY INFINITY 
 INTLAB and kv are interval arithmetic libraries which include ODE solvers
 MATLAB - made by MathWorks
 NAG library
 Wolfram Mathematica - made by Wolfram Research

References

Further reading
Mitsui, T., & Shinohara, Y. (1995). Numerical analysis of ordinary differential equations and its applications. World Scientific.
 Iserles, A. (2009). A first course in the numerical analysis of differential equations. Cambridge University Press.
 Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag.
 Wanner, G. & Hairer, E. (1996), Solving ordinary differential equations II: Stiff and differential-algebraic problems (2nd ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
 Butcher, John C. (2008), Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
 John D. Lambert, Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1991.
 Deuflhard, P., & Bornemann, F. (2012). Scientific computing with ordinary differential equations. Springer Science & Business Media.
 Shampine, L. F. (2018). Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Routledge.