Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Safety
Manganese dust can irritate lungs. Some manganese compounds cause toxicity when ingested. Manganese is less toxic than nickel or copper. Permanganates are the most toxic manganese compounds. When someone is exposed to manganese for a long time it can cause a problem with the nervous system.

Related pages
Manganese compounds
List of common elements

References

Other websites 

 National Pollutant Inventory - Manganese and compounds Fact Sheet 
 International Manganese Institute

Transition metals
Gallium (chemical symbol: Ga) is chemical element 31 on the periodic table.

Gallium is a metal, but it has some unusual properties. Its melting point is 85.58 Fahrenheit. If it is held in a person's hand, it will melt. It makes a stain on your hand when put on your hand. Gallium is safe in your hands but is not edible. Some Gallium Compounds can be very dangerous. Gallium is a semiconductor, meaning that it conducts electricity reasonably well but not as well as a metal. That means gallium can be used in computers to make them work. It is very shiny, so it is used to create mirrors when its in its liquid form. In its purest extracted form, gallium is a vibrant silver color. As a solid, it is blue-gray. Gallium has been used in nuclear bombs to stabilize the crystal structure.  It's related to aluminium, indium, and thallium. 

Post-transition metals
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. He ruled from 1953 to 1964 when Leonid Brezhnev, a Red Army Major General and President of the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1964 (during Khrushchev's own rule) came to power in 1964 after a bloodless palace coup against Khrushchev, just 11 years after Stalin died.  

He supported the Soviet space program and was the leader when Yuri Gagarin flew into space and became the first man to leave Earth in April 1961.  Khrushchev was also the leader who ordered the Berlin Wall to be built in the East Berlin half of the former Nazi capital city Berlin.  The wall separated it from West Berlin in August 1961 until the end of the Cold War .

Early life and career
Nikita was born in the town of Kalinovka in Russia. He later moved to Ukraine. He worked in mines, and became part of the Bolshevik movement. He was a political commissar in the Red Army in the Russian Civil War and again in World War II and moved his way up in the Communist Party, eventually becoming trusted by Joseph Stalin. When Stalin died, Georgy Malenkov and several others including Khrushchev shared power. Eventually Khrushchev became the leader.

"De-Stalinization" 

When Nikita became the leader of the Soviet Union, he began something he called "De-Stalinization". He made a secret speech, in which he denounced Stalin as a man who committed many murders of innocent people. In early 1956, he took down all posters and statues of Joseph Stalin. Also, he moved Stalin's grave to a place where people could not see it.

Relations with the "West"
He also had better contacts with the western countries like the USA, Britain, and France. This means the USSR and the western world were friendlier. He visited America in 1959. During this visit, Khrushchev spoke at the United Nations and visited where he wanted, including destinations such as New York and Hollywood. However, his visit to Disneyland was cancelled for security reasons.

But the USSR and the US still did not trust each other. In 1962 America and the USSR had a Cuban Missile Crisis which could have led to nuclear war, but didn't. Khrushchev had bargained with the Americans to get rid of the missiles they had placed in Turkey, for the missiles in Cuba were the only way for withdrawal.

Relations with China
During the period of "De-Stalinization", relations deteriorated between the Soviet Union and China.  These policies were viewed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party as divergences in the two states interpretations of Marxist-Leninist Doctrine. The resulting tensions were a contributing factor to the Sino-Soviet Split

Later years and Death 

Khrushchev's removal in 1964 was a result of political opposition within the Soviet leadership, citing economic failures and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. His ousting marked a shift in Soviet leadership dynamics. After his removal in 1964, he lived a relatively quiet life, writing his memoirs and staying out of politics. His later years were marked by a retreat from the public eye until his death in 1971.

Legacy 

Khrushchev's legacy is marked by significant events like the Cuban Missile Crisis and his efforts at de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union. His impact on Soviet policies and relations with the West shaped the Cold War era.

References
References 

1894 births
1971 deaths
Former dictators
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Time People of the Year
The Rambla de las Ovejas (which translates to Ravine of the Sheeps) is a water course of the province of Alicante, in Spain. It originates at the foot of the Maigmo, to 1,100 meters of height and gathers the waters of the sides of the Maigmo, Cid and others of minor height across numerous tributary ravines. It ends in the city of Alicante, between the neighborhoods of Babylon and Saint Gabriel.

The tributary ravines are those of Rambuchar, Pepior, Alabaster and Bramble, between the most important. The normally dry riverbed experiences forts grown as consequence of torrents, like the rains in 1982 it came to 400 m³/seg. in Alicante causing serious destruction and human losses. It has since been canalized providing to the riverbed of a potential capacity of 735 m³/seg. In the floods of 1997 it came to 100 m³/seg.

Rivers of Spain
Province of Alicante
Guadalquivir is a river in southern Spain. It crosses the autonomous community of Andalusia. The name derives from the Arab Wadi al-Kabir ("big river"), whereas the Romans called it Betis.

Guadalquivir starts in the Glen of the Sources in the mountains near Cazorla (Jaen province) and ends in Sanlucar de Barrameda (Cadiz province). It goes through the provinces of Jaen, Cordoba, Seville and Cadiz. The river is  long. The main tributaries are the rivers Genil (which flows through Granada), The Minor Guadiana, Guadalbullon, and Guadajoz on the left side, and Guadalmena, Jandula, and Guadiato on the right.

It is the only river in Spain with shipping traffic. At present, it only is navigable up to Seville. In the Roman epoch it was navigable up to Cordoba.

Rivers of Spain
Ebro is a Spanish river. It flows through Reinosa, Miranda de Ebro, Logrono, Tudela, Zaragoza, and Tortosa. It empties into the Mediterranean Sea in the province of Tarragona.

Rivers of Spain
Ebro basin
Talavera of the Queen (Talavera de la Reina in Spanish) is a city of the interior of Spain. It is the capital of a wide region belonging to the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. It is located in the northwest of the province of Toledo. Talavera of the Queen is the second biggest city of Castile-La Mancha, and the first one of the province, with a population of 85.172 inhabitants.

Its mistress is Our Lady of the Meadow.

As curiosity of this locality emphasizes that Gwyneth Paltrow is an adopted child of this locality.

Cities in Castile-La Mancha
Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Province of Toledo
Castilla–La Mancha or Castile-La Mancha is an autonomous community in Spain with a population over 2,000,000. The capital is Toledo and the biggest cities are Albacete, Talavera of the Queen, Guadalajara, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Cuenca.

Provinces of Castile-La Mancha:
 Albacete province
 Cuenca province
 Guadalajara province
 Ciudad Real province
 Toledo province

Gallery
Ciudad Real (this translates to Royal City) is a city in Spain. It is the capital of the province with the same name, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha.

The city has 69,063 people who live there. It is an average of 628 meters above sea level. The municipal area is 285 km². It is approximately 200 km to the south of Madrid.

Cities in Castile-La Mancha
Capital cities in Spain
Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Province of Ciudad Real
Puertollano (which translates to Flatport, in English) is a city in Spain. It is the second biggest in Ciudad Real province, in the region of Castile-La Mancha. It is an important industrial center, with a population of 50,000.

Cities in Castile-La Mancha
Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Province of Ciudad Real
NOFX is a popular punk rock band from California. The band was formed in 1983 by Fat Mike. As of April 2009, NOFX has released twelve full-length albums. Their latest one, Coaster, came out on April 28, 2009.

Studio albums 
Liberal Animation (1988)
S&M Airlines (1989)
Ribbed (1991)
White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean (1992)
Punk In Drublic (1994)
Heavy Petting Zoo (1996)
So Long And Thanks For All The Shoes (1997)
Pump Up The Valuum (2000)
The War on Errorism (2003)
Wolves in Wolves' Clothing (2006)
Coaster (2009)
Self Entitled (2012)

References

Other websites

NOFX Official Website
NOFX Online Website
NOFX year-by-year history 

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Toledo is the name of several things. The best known cities are:

Places
Toledo, Spain
Toledo, Callaway County, Missouri, USA
Toledo, Ozark County, Missouri, USA
Toledo, Ohio, USA

People
It is a last name in Spain, England, and Ireland.
Alejandro Toledo
Methane is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an alkane with one carbon atom. It is often found as the main part of natural gas. Methane is a greenhouse gas 23 times more effective than carbon dioxide. It is also less stable and slowly oxidates by oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

Uses 
Methane is used in gas taps in places such as kitchens, chemistry classrooms, laboratories, etc. as it burns very easily because of its simple molecular structure.

Molecular structure 
Methane's molecular structure is very simple. It is a single carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.

Production 
Methane can be made by many chemical ways, but usually is found in natural gas and is obtained by fractional distillation, after it has become liquid.

References 

1
Greenhouse gases
North Country is a 2005 American drama movie about a woman being harassed in a mining facility.

Other websites

2005 movies
2005 drama movies
American drama movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Niki Caro
Dance Dance Revolution or Dancing Stage in Europe is a series of video games made by Konami in which players step on arrows on a large pad or mat to match the arrows on screen.  The arrows are in time with the music. Because players are moving themselves along to the music, they look like they are dancing. There is a large variety of music.

There is a bar at the top of the screen. If players make mistakes, the bar gets smaller. If players do not make mistakes, the bar grows. The game ends if the player makes too many mistakes. 

Players can choose between three levels. They are called light, standard, and heavy. Light is easy and heavy is hard. On some of the newer games, there is a beginner mode, which is very easy, and a challenge mode, which is very hard.

Players are graded by their performance in letters (from lowest to highest, E, D, C, B, A, AA and AAA) based on how well they played the song. The better a player does on a song, the higher their grade is.
From DDR SuperNOVA to later versions, the levels are called beginner, basic, difficult, expert, and challenge.

Music

There is a wide variety of music in Dance Dance Revolution. Most of the songs are created by people at Konami, with some other well-known popular songs included as well. From the first Dance Dance Revolution game up until DDR Extreme, the games had a partnership with Toshiba EMI, a record company which is now part of Virgin Records. This partnership meant that a lot of popular songs from Toshiba EMI's Dancemania series of dance music albums could appear in the games.

Extras

If the player gets an "AA" on the last stage in "Expert", "Heavy", or "Challenge", they can play an extra stage. Usually, on the extra stage, the game ends if four mistakes are made. If the player performs well enough on the extra stage, an Encore extra stage is played. In the Encore extra stage, one missed step will cause the game to end.

Other places

Some educators even believe DDR should be in schools as exercise.
List of games

Main series

 [[Dance Dance Revolution (1998 video game)|Dance Dance Revolution]] (1998)
 Dance Dance Revolution 2ndMix (1999)
 Dance Dance Revolution Best of School Dancers (1999)
 Dance Dance Revolution 2ndMix with Beatmania IIDX Cluib Version (1999)
 Dance Dance Revolution 2ndMix Link Version
 Dancing Stage featuring True Kiss Destination
 Dance Dance Revolution Karaoke Mix
 Dancing Stage Dreams Come True
 Dance Dance Revolution Karaoke Mix 2nd
 Dance Dance Revolution 4th Mix
 Dance Dance Revolution Disney Mix
 DDRMAX: Dance Dance Revolution
 Dance Dance Revolution (2001)
 Dance Dance Revolution 3rdMix
 Dance Dance Revolution 3rdMix 2nd
 DDRMAX 2: Dance Dance Revolution

References

Music video games
Video game series
Street Fighter II is a 1991 fighting game made by Capcom.

The player controls a martial arts fighter and has to knock out the opponent. There are many playable characters, including Ryu, Ken Masters, Guile and Chun Li. Each character has special moves that require special commands to perform. The game has 4 bosses - Balrog (M. Bison in Japan), Vega (Balrog in Japan), Sagat, and M. Bison (Vega in Japan). (Balrog and Sagat were also featured in the first Street Fighter game). There have been many follow-up games to Street Fighter II. The franchise for the games became popular. The game was released for arcades and different consoles.

It is sequel to the first Street Fighter.

1991 video games
Arcade games
Capcom games
Fighting games
Cancelled Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Street Fighter video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Japan
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is a television series Co-produced And Kids By Ellipse Programme and  Nelvana Limited which ran for 3 seasons (one season of television is made in a year), which is longer than the Power Rangers shows after this series have lasted. This series has 150 episodes in total. The Pilot was aired on PBS in 1992. This series aired on KCTS 9 Seattle from 1993 to 1995. This series  re-aired on PBS Kids in January 2010. The next show after the third season is called Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers. There are many different versions of Power Rangers, and most of them were made with better technology, yet many still prefer this one more than any other. Like all Power Rangers shows, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is based on Super Sentai shows & from Japan. Each season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is based on a different Super Sentai series (Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, Gosei Sentai Dairanger & Ninja Sentai Kakuranger) from Japan
. In the year before Power Rangers Samurai started, a re-version of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers' first season was made and it had comic scenes of the Rangers and monsters in every episode of it, which only had 32 episodes in it.
Plot
Five teenagers battle against the witch Rita Repulsa and the wizard Lord Zedd to defend the earth. They have large robots called Zords and battle suits for their fights. They are armed with special weapons like swords, axes, bows, daggers and lances to help them fight monsters. Rita and Lord Zedd have an army of fighters known as Putties, which get destroyed and broken into many pieces when they are hit by their weak spot - a Z plate on their chest.

Season 1
Rita is in a prison on the Moon. When she gets out of it, she wants to destroy Earth, because that's what she wanted to do before she was put in prison. She brings along her helpers, who were also in prison. One of them is called Goldar. He is a blue gorilla in gold armor who can fight better than anyone. To stop her, five teenagers are chosen by a wizard called Zordon. Zordon has an robot called Alpha 5 who helps him. The teenagers are given special magic coins that turn them into Power Rangers.
Rita has her own magic coin, and uses it to make her own evil Power Ranger, the Green Ranger. The Green Ranger fights the good Power Rangers, because Rita is controlling his mind. They free him from Rita's evil magic, but his magic coin stops working the right way, and begins to hurt him when he uses it. The Green Ranger gives up his magic coin to the Red Ranger who will not get hurt by it.

Season 2
When Lord Zedd comes into the show, he destroys the Power Rangers' Zords. Zordon takes the Green Ranger's magic coin and uses it to make new Zords for the Power Rangers. These new Zords are mostly fairy tale animals, like the unicorn and the dragon. The old Zords were Dinosaurs, like Triceratops and T-Rex. Lord Zedd also puts Rita back in her prison and throws her away into space, because she was not doing a good enough job of being evil.
But one day, a new Power Ranger appears. His costume is White Ranger, and his Zord is a White Tiger. No one knows who he is, but he turns out to be the old Green Ranger. Later, three of the Power Rangers have to leave the team and go to Switzerland. They choose three teenagers from another school to take their powers.

Rita comes back, too, and gives Lord Zedd a love potion. He falls in love with her, and they get married. Goldar gives Lord Zedd another potion to stop the love potion, but Lord Zedd's love for Rita turns out to be true and they stay married.
Season 3
Rita's brother, Rito Revolto, comes to visit his sister. He looks like a skeleton. Rito does what Rita and Lord Zedd could not do, and destroys the Power Ranger's magic coins. The Power Rangers go and find Ninjor, a powerful ninja (a ninja is a type of fighter from Japan), who made the magic coins. He agrees to help them and makes new coins and new Zords for them. They become Ninja Power Rangers, and their new Zords are animals like the wolf and the frog.
Near the end of this season, Rita and Rito's father Master Vile comes to help conquer Earth. He is very powerful, even more powerful than his children together. He uses his powers to turn back time, turning the Power Rangers into Powerless kids. Zordon calls upon his proteges the Alien Rangers of Aquitar to protect the Earth from Master Vile's monsters and to help work on a machine that would return the child rangers to their proper ages. Unfortunately, only Billy returns to normal as the machine which required the power coins as a power source is stolen by Rito & Goldar allowing Rita & Zedd to destroy the coins. The child rangers then travel throughout time to gather the fragments of the Zeo Crystal to bring time back to normal. During her journey in Africa, Aisha meets Tanya Sloan and realizes that she can do more help to stop the sickness plaguing the wildlife and sends Tanya back with her Zeo Crystal.

Characters
Pilot

Season 1

Season 2

Season 3

Cast

Rangers
Cast

Rangers

 Austin St. John as Jason Lee Scott, The first Red Ranger. He is the leader. He leaves the team to go to Switzerland. In Zeo, he left New York to become the Gold Ranger.
 Thuy Trang as Trini Kwan, The first Yellow Ranger. She also leaves the team for Switzerland.
 Walter Emanuel Jones as Zack Taylor, The first Black Ranger. He also leaves to go to Switzerland.
 Amy Jo Johnson as Kimberly Hart, The first Pink Ranger. She leaves the team to become an athlete.
 David Yost as Billy Cranston, The Blue Ranger. He is often bullied by other teenagers because he is smart and shy.
 Jason David Frank as Tommy Oliver, The Green Ranger. He later becomes the White Ranger.
 Steve Cardenas as Rocky DeSantos, The second Red Ranger.
 Karan Ashley as Aisha Campbell, The second Yellow Ranger.
 Johnny Yong Bosch as Adam Park, The second Black Ranger.
 Catherine Sutherland as Katherine Hillard, The second Pink Ranger.

Supporting Characters
Robert L. Manahan as Zordon (voice).
 Richard Steven Horvitz as Alpha 5 (voice).
 Paul Schrier as Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier.
 Jason Narvy as Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch.
 Richard Genelle as Ernie.
 Gregg Bullock as Jerome Stone.
 Ten Jan Roberts as Prince Dex, Masked Rider.
 Kim Strauss as Ninjor (voice).

Arsenal

Weapons
 Power Morpher:
 Dragonzord! and Tigerzord!
 Mastodon!
 Pterodactyl!
 Triceratops!
 Saber Toothed-Tiger!
 Tyrannosaurus!
 White Ranger Power!
 Black Ranger Power!
 Pink Ranger Power!
 Blue Ranger Power!
 Yellow Ranger Power!
 Red Ranger Power!
 Blade Blaster
 Power Blaster:
 Power Sword: is the Red Ranger.
 Power Daggers: is the Yellow Ranger.
 Power Axe: is the Black Ranger.
 Power Bow: is the Pink Ranger.
 Power Lance: is the Blue Ranger.
 Dragon Shield
 Dragon Dagger: is the Green Ranger.
 Saba Sword: is the White Ranger.
 Thunder Slinger
 Power Cannon
 Metallic Armor
 RADBUG
 Battle Bikes
 Shark Cycles
 Ninja Ranger Power
Zords
 Dinozord
Dino Megazord / Dino Ultrazord
Tyrannosaurus Dinozord
Mastodon Dinozord
Triceratops Dinozord
Saber Toothed-Tiger Dinozord
Pterodactyl Dinozord
Dragonzord
Titanus
 Thunderzord
Thunder Megazord / Thunder Ultrazord
Red Dragon Thunderzord
Lion Thunderzord
Unicorn Thunderzord
Griffin Thunderzord
Firebird Thunderzord
White Tigerzord / White Tigerzord Warrior Mode
Tor the Shuttlezord
 Ninjazord
Ninja Megazord / Ninja Ultrazord
Red Ape Ninjazord
Black Frog Ninjazord
Blue Wolf Ninjazord
Yellow Bear Ninjazord
Pink Crane Ninjazord
White Ninja Falconzord
 Shogunzord
Shogun Megazord / Shogun Ultrazord
Red Shogunzord
Black Shogunzord
Blue Shogunzord
Yellow Shogunzord
White Shogunzord

Villains

 Rita Repulsa
 Lord Zedd
 Goldar
 Rito Revolto
 Scorpina
 Finster
 Squatt
 Baboo
 Master Vile
 Lokar

References

Other websites
 Official Power Rangers website
 Power Rangers Universe Wiki

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
English-language television programs
Office Space is a 1999 American comedy movie starring Ron Livingston and Jennifer Aniston. The movie was directed by Mike Judge. The movie is a satire of white collar office work in the United States.

Reception
Office Space received mostly positive reviews from reviewers, which means that most of them thought that it was a good movie. However, it did not make very much money at movie theaters, only earning $10,827,810 from movie tickets. The movie went on to become a cult classic, becoming more popular over time.

References

Other websites

1999 comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American comedy movies
Cult movies
English-language movies
Office comedies
Movies set in Texas
Syriana is an 2005 American drama thriller movie, which has won Academy Award and Golden Globe Awards. It is directed by Stephen Gaghan and produced by Jennifer Fox, Michael Nozik, Georgia Kacandes, Steven Soderbergh, George Clooney. The movie stars Clooney, Matt Damon, Jeffrey Wright, Chris Cooper, and William Hurt.

Plot 
The movie is about a lot of people doing complicated things. One of the people is a CIA agent (Clooney) who is angered when his boss tries to invade his privacy. Another person, Damon, whose child dies, gets a better job working for a king. Then another person, a lawyer, Jeffrey Wright finds out that the oil company is actually not good and should be removed from power immediately. The last part of the movie is about two Muslims who become suicide bombers because they feel offended.

Other websites
Other websites 

2005 drama movies
2005 thriller movies
2000s drama thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American drama thriller movies
United Arab Emirates movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Drone movies
American independent movies
Shareware is a way to sell software.

The user will get a preview or demo of the software for free. This way, the user can decide if he or she likes the program or not before buying the complete program.

Users can get games for free this way but most of the time these games do not have all the levels. Sometimes Internet Relay Chat clients let users have a demo of their client for 30 days, but after that, in order to keep using it, the user will have to pay money.

Software
Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American romantic drama movie by Ang Lee. The film is set in Wyoming during the years from 1963 to 1981. The story is about two bisexual cowboys, played by Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, who are in love with each other. During that time it was difficult to have homosexual relationships. The movie is based on a short story of the same name by Annie Proulx.

Awards
Brokeback Mountain was a big success. It won many important prizes: the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, Best Picture and Best Director at the BAFTA and the Golden Globe awards. It also received 8 nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, where it won 3 Oscars: Best Director, Best Original Score and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is in the 12th place for romantic movies that made the most money.
Plot 
In 1963, Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) are hired by Joe Aguirre (Randy Quaid). They need to look after his sheep up in Brokeback Mountain for the summer. One night, Jack makes a move on Ennis and the two men end up having sex. Soon an emotional relationship develops. Before leaving at the end of the summer they have a fight.

When they return home, Ennis marries Alma Beers (Michelle Williams) and has two daughters with her. Jack goes back the next summer but does not get hired because Joe had seen him with Ennis the year before. He moves to Texas, where he marries a rodeo rider, Lureen Newsome (Anne Hathaway). After four years, Jack goes back to meet Ennis. They kiss and Alma sees them. Jack would like to go and live with him but Ennis does not want to. They decide to continue meeting from time to time for fishing trips.
The marriages of both Jack and Ennis get worse. Alma and Dennis divorce in 1975. Later Alma tells Ennis she knows about Jack. They have a fight and do not see each other again. Lureen becomes a businesswoman and her father wants Jack to stop being a cowboy. Jack asks Ennis again to live together, but Ennis does not want to leave his children. At the end of one fishing trip, Ennis and Jack have another argument.

Later, Ennis sends a postcard to Jack. It is given back to him with a "DECEASED" stamp. Lureen tells Ennis that Jack had an accident. Ennis instead thinks that he was killed by a gang because he was gay. Ennis goes to Jack's parents to get his ashes. Jack wanted them to be thrown on Brokeback Mountain but his father does not give them to Ennis. However, his mother lets him have a look around Jack's room. Ennis finds the shirts that they were wearing all those years ago when they first had a fight.
Some time later, Ennis is living alone in a trailer. His daughter, Alma Jr., comes to tell him that she wants to marry a guy. Ennis tells her he will be there at the wedding. When she leaves, he opens his wardrobe where he keeps the shirts and a photo of Brokeback Mountain. He whispers "Jack, I swear..." before walking away.

Release dates

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2000s LGBT movies
2005 romantic drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
2000s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT romance movies
Movies directed by Ang Lee
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in Wyoming
A Christmas Carol is a novella by the British writer Charles Dickens. It was first published on 19 December 1843 by Chapman & Hall in London. The illustrations were drawn by John Leech. The first edition was a beautiful and expensive book. It was sold out by Christmas Eve, but Dickens never made the money he expected on the tale due to the book's high production costs. 

The novella was written at a time when the British were longing for the traditional merry Olde English Christmas. Christmas customs of the past were being revived. New Christmas customs such as the Christmas tree and the greeting card were making their first appearances. Old carols were being sung. The novella has been credited with restoring the festive spirit of Christmas after a period of Puritan sobriety and solemnity.
The story is about a Christmas-hating miser named Ebenezer Scrooge. On Christmas Eve, he is visited by four ghosts who transform him into a kind and generous man. The story has a strong moral messages about greed and poverty. It is usually read at Christmas time and has been adapted to theatre, movies, radio, and television many times.

Plot 

Ebenezer Scrooge is a Christmas-hating old miser and businessman. One Christmas Eve, Scrooge declines an invitation to his nephew's house for Christmas dinner, telling his nephew that Christmas is "Humbug".  He then refuses to give a donation to two men who are collecting for charity.
Later that evening, he is visited by the ghost of his dead business partner Jacob Marley, a man whose greed and selfishness have doomed him to eternal hellfire. He tells Scrooge that he must change his ways or that hellfire will be his fate. Marley warns him that during the night he will be visited by three more ghosts. These will show him where he went wrong in his life, and how to be a better person in the future.

The first ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Past. This ghost shows him his unhappy childhood and how he did not get married. The second ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Present. This ghost shows him things which are happening now, such as how his clerk, Bob Cratchit, is having a nice Christmas despite not having much money. He also shows him Bob's youngest son, called Tiny Tim, who is crippled.
Later, the ghost shows him how his nephew is having a good Christmas, and how Scrooge is missing out. The third ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. This ghost shows Scrooge what Christmas will be like in the future if he does not change. First, people are shown celebrating a man's death and robbing his house. The ghost also shows him that Tiny Tim has died. Scrooge is then shown his own grave, and realizes that the celebrations were for his death. 

On Christmas morning, Scrooge wakes up and realizes that he has to change. He decides to celebrate Christmas, and help Tiny Tim get well. He sends the Cratchit family a prize turkey for their holiday dinner. Through the ghosts' help, Scrooge becomes a better man.
Legacy
The book made popular the phrase "Merry Christmas" as well as the name "Scrooge" and the ejaculation "Bah! Humbug". The book spurred charitable giving in the years following its first publication. Its lasting legacy is returning to Christmas the merriment and festivity the day lost after a period of Puritan sobriety.

Other websites 

1840s books
Books by Charles Dickens
British novellas
Aruba is an island in the Caribbean Sea, just north of the Venezuelan Paraguaná Peninsula. It is in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Unlike much of the Caribbean region, it has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape.  This climate has helped tourism, because visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather.

The island broke off from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986, hoping to gain its independence by 1996. In 1990, that effort stopped at the request of the island people.

Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The other nations are the Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. The citizens of these countries all share a single nationality: Dutch. 

About three quarters of the Aruban gross national product is earned through tourism or related activities.

The island came into the news after U.S. high school student Natalee Holloway disappeared on a graduation trip on May 30, 2005. Today, some refer to Aruba as "One Happy Island".
Geography 
Aruba is a generally flat, riverless island. It is in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea. The western and southern beaches have white sandy beaches. They are generally protected from the ocean currents. This is one of the reasons Aruba is a popular tourist location. 

Together with Bonaire and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.

Aruba has no administrative subdivisions. For census purposes, it is divided into eight regions. Its capital is Oranjestad.

People 
The Aruba population is about 75% mixed, 15% black, and 10% white. The first inhabitants of Aruba were the Caiquetio Indians of the Arawak tribe from Venezuela.

References

 
Dependent territories
The Kingdom of the Netherlands (), commonly called the Netherlands is a transcontinental sovereign state made up of four countries who share the same constitutional monarchy.

The member countries share a very high amount of autonomy. Foreign relations and defence are managed by the Constituent Country of the Netherlands.

Member states

Countries 
The kingdom was formed in 1954 and is now made up of four countries:

European country:
 1. Netherlands

Caribbean islands:
 2. Aruba
 3. Curaçao
 4. Sint Maarten

Special municipalities 
The Caribbean Netherlands are special municipalities ('public body') of the Netherlands (see :Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands) and consists of:
 Bonaire
 Saba
 Sint Eustatius

The Netherlands Antilles doesn't exist anymore and were made up of the six above mentioned Caribbean islands.

Suriname was also part of the Kingdom until it became independent in 1975.

Notes

References 

 
Dutch-speaking countries
Kill Bill is an American martial arts crime movie directed by Quentin Tarantino. It was released in two parts; Volume 1 and Volume 2. In most countries it is rated for adult viewing only because of extreme violence and profanity.

Cast 
 Sonny Chiba as Hanzō Hattori

Other websites 
 

2003 movies
2004 movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Quentin Tarantino
Martial arts movies
A drive-by shooting is when a gun is fired from a moving vehicle, at a target outside the vehicle. Drive-bys are known in gang violence. Many rappers have died in drive-by shootings such as Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G..

References

Murders by firearm
Andalusia () is the first in population among the 17 Autonomous communities in Spain and the second in area. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla). 

Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula, just to the south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. The small British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar shares a land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
History
The name Andalusia is the modern version of the Arabic language Al-Andalus (الأندلس), name used by the Muslim Moors for all of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula under their control. During that period, northern Iberian Peninsula was controlled by Christian kings and the southern Iberian Peninsula was controlled by Moors.

In 711 CE, the Moors invaded the Iberian Peninsula, then controlled by Christians of Visigothic origin. By 719 the Moors conquered all of the peninsula except for a small area in the northern Pyrenees Mountains. The Moors used the name Al-Andalus for all of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula under their control.
Christians in the north waged war for more than seven centuries against the Moors, gradually taking over more and more of the southern areas. This process of war is called the Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word meaning "to conquest again"). In the year 1492 under Spanish Inquisition, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain retook the last stronghold in the southern area at Granada. In that same year, the majority Muslim Moors and Sephardi Jews were forced to leave Spain, other who want stay in Andalusia got baptized and became Catholic Christians.

Symbols
The Andalusian coat of arms shows the figure of Hercules and two lions between the two pillars of Hercules that tradition puts on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. The words below read Andalucía por sí, para España y la Humanidad ("Andalusia by herself, for Spain and Humanity"). Over the two columns is an arch in the colors of the flag of Andalusia, with the Latin words Dominator Hercules Fundator.
The official flag of Andalusia has three equal horizontal stripes, colored green, white, and green respectively; the Andalusian coat of arms is on the central stripe. It was approved in a meeting in 1918 of Andalusian nationalists at Ronda, a city in the province of Málaga.

The anthem of Andalusia was composed by José del Castillo Díaz with lyrics by Blas Infante. The music was inspired by Santo Dios, a religious folk song sung at harvest time by peasants.

The national holiday, the Día de Andalucía, is celebrated on 28 February.

Geography
Andalusia is one of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities and is in the southwestern region of the European Union. It has a surface area of , 17.3 percent of the territory of Spain. By area, it is the second Spanish autonomous community.
The natural limits of Andalusia are: to the south, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; to the north, the Sierra Morena, mountain range that separates Andalusia from the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; to the west is Portugal; and to the east is Murcia.

Relief

Andalusia has the Iberian peninsula's highest mountains and nearly 15 percent of its terrain over . The picture is similar for areas under  (with the Baetic Depression), and for the variety of slopes.

The Atlantic coast is mostly beach and gradually sloping coasts; the Mediterranean coast has many cliffs. These differences divide the region naturally into Upper Andalusia (two mountainous areas) and Lower Andalusia (the broad basin of the Guadalquivir).

The three main geographical regions of Andalusia are:
The Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. Although few people live there, this is not a particularly high range.
 The Baetic Cordillera consists of the parallel mountain ranges of the Cordillera Penibética near the Mediterranean coast and the Cordillera Subbética to the north. The Cordillera Subbética is quite discontinuous, offering many passes that facilitate transportation, but the Penibético forms a strong barrier between the Mediterranean coast and the interior. The Sierra Nevada, part of the Cordillera Penibética in the Province of Granada, has the highest peaks in the Iberian peninsula: Mulhacén at  and Veleta at .
 Lower Andalusia or valley of the Guadalquivir is between these two mountainous areas. It is a nearly flat territory, open to the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast. Throughout history, this has been the part of Andalusia where there are more people.

Climate
Climate

In general, Andalusia has a Mediterranean climate, except in the Valley of Granada (), with occasional heavy rains and extremely hot temperatures.

Rainfall decreases from west to east. The place in Andalusia with the highest rainfall is in the Sierra de Grazalema ( per year) and the driest place is Cabo de Gata, the place with the least amount of rainfall in Europe with only  of rain per year.

The average temperature in Andalusia throughout the year is over . Averages in the cities range from  in Baeza to  in Málaga. Much of the Guadalquivir valley and the Mediterranean coast has an average of about . The coldest month is January when Granada at the foot of the Sierra Nevada experiences an average temperature of . The hottest are July and August, with an average temperature of  for Andalusia as a whole. Córdoba is the hottest provincial capital, followed by Seville.
The mountain ranges are cooler than the plains and have a higher rainfall with some snow in winter. The Sierra Nevada, above , is snow covered for most of the year.

Rivers
Andalusia has rivers that flow into both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Flowing to the Atlantic are the Guadiana, Odiel-Tinto, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, and Barbate. Flowing to the Mediterranean are the Guadiaro, Guadalhorce, Guadalmedina, Guadalfeo, Andarax (also known as the Almería) and Almanzora. Of these, the Guadalquivir is the longest in Andalusia and fifth longest on the Iberian peninsula, at .

Administrative divisions
Andalusia consists of eight provinces. Each of the Andalusian provinces bears the same name as its capital:
People 
The Andalusians are the inhabitants of Andalusia of the southern region in Iberian Peninsula. Traditional male Circumcision is usually performed due to Islamic influence, especially in the Province of Granada. They are generally considered an ethnically distinct peoples because of the two of the most important markers of distinctiveness: their own language and an awareness of a presumed common origin. Andalusian is said to be a distinct dialect of Spanish, according to the Andalusian nationalism.
The Andalusians have a rich culture which includes the famous flamenco style of music and dance, even though it was adopted by the Spanish Caló who have changed it and monopolized into their own culture.

References 

Joseph O'Callaghan, A History of Medieval Spain, 1975, Cornell University Press.

Other websites

 Official portal
 Official Tourism Website of Andalusia

 
1981 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Spain
Granada is a Spanish city, capital of the province of Granada, in Andalusia. With 233,000 inhabitants, it is an important artistic and cultural center. The city has many famous monuments, such as the Alhambra, the Cathedral, the Alcaiceria, and the Corral del Carbon. It is near Sierra Nevada, the highest mountain range in Spain, in the valley where the Genil and Darro rivers meet. The Darro runs through the Albaicin and the Sacromonte, two charming historical areas of the city.

Districts

Realejo 
Realejo is where the Jewish people of Granada lived for hundreds of years. In 1492, Isabella of Castile forced the Jewish people of Granada to leave Spain. Now, it is known for its street art and food.

Cartuja 
Cartuja is named after an old monastery in this district. The area also contains many buildings that are part of the University of Granada.
Bib-Rambla 
This district is named after a big, important gate built by the Nasrid dynasty. The name means "Gate of the Ears." Bib-Rambla is in the middle of the city, and it has many important landmarks like the cathedral.

Sacromonte 
The Sacromonte is in the northern half of Granada, near the Albaicin. It is famous for the Romani people that have lived there. It has many houses made from caves dug into the hill. It is famous for flamenco dancing, as well as its views of the Alhambra.

Albaicin 
The Albaicin is one of the oldest areas of Granada. In fact, before the city of Granada, there was an older city here called Elvira. Like the Sacromonte, it is famous for its views of the Alhambra.

Zaidin 
Zaidin is an area in the far south of Granada. It has the most people of any district in Granada.

Related pages
Battle of Granada

Other websites
Other websites 

 Detailed information about the Alhambra
 Website of the Granada Tourist Office 
 Granada Local Tourist Guide 
 Photos of Granada
 International Students Community 
 More interesting information about the Alhambra

 
Capital cities in Spain
Cádiz is a Spanish city, capital of the Province of Cádiz, in Andalusia. It is the southernmost capital in the Iberian Peninsula. The population is 130,000, but it is the centre of a metropolitan area, the Bay of Cádiz, with more than 500,000 inhabitants. Majority of its inhabitants follow Catholic Church. The Cádiz Cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Cadiz y Ceuta. The cathedral was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. 

Cádiz is known for its attractive beaches where many nautical sports can be practiced. This is possible thanks to the excellent climate all year round. It is one of the oldest cities in Western Europe and it used to be one of the most imporant Spanish ports during the Spanish Golden Age and the Age of Discovery.

References 

 
Capital cities in Spain
Mérida () is the capital of Extremadura, an autonomous community in Spain. It has 55,000 inhabitants and is an important Roman center, with the theatre and the bridge over the Guadiana river.

Sister cities
  Rome, Italy
  Mérida,  Venezuela
  Mérida, Mexico
  Mérida, Philippines

Other websites

 
 Roman Art National Museum
 Pictures of Roman Mérida 
 Photos of Mérida: Roman monuments and other views of the city

Capital cities in Spain
Province of Badajoz
Municipalities in Extremadura
Cuenca is a Spanish city, capital of the Cuenca province, in Castile-La Mancha. Around 50,000 are living there. It is famous for its monuments: The hanging houses, the Cathedral and other churches. It is located over the Jucar river, near the Serrania of Cuenca.

Images

References

Other websites 

Cuenca

Province of Cuenca
Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Capital cities in Spain
World Heritage Sites in Spain
Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American actor. He was the head of a family of actors: son Peter, daughter Jane, granddaughter Bridget and grandson Troy Garity. He has won an Academy Award.

Fonda starred in movies including The Grapes of Wrath (1940), 12 Angry Men (1957), Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) and Yours, Mine and Ours (1968). His last performance was in 1981's On Golden Pond.

Fonda was born on May 16, 1905 in Grand Island, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Minnesota.

He was married to Margaret Sullavan from 1931 until they divorced in 1932. Then he was married to Frances Ford Seymour from 1936 until her death in 1950. Then he was married to Susan Blanchard from 1950 until they divorced in 1956. Then he was married to Afdera Franchetti from 1957 until they divorced in 1961. Then he was last married to Shirlee Mae Adams from 1965 until his death in 1982.

Fonda died on August 12, 1982 from heart disease in Los Angeles, California. He was 77.

References
References

Other websites
 
 Tribute Site - full of pictures
 Fonda family tree 

1905 births
1982 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Nebraska
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Kennedy Center honorees
Deaths from heart disease
There are fifty parts of Spain called provinces. They are:

 
Spain-related lists
Cartagena is a city in the Region of Murcia, in Spain. In the south of the region, at the Mediterranean Sea. The population of the city is 205,000 and it is an industrial centre. Cartagena was founded by the Carthaginese as "Qart Hadasht" and the name means New City.

Other websites
Bosnia and Herzegovina (, ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe, located in the Balkans with an area of 51,197 km2 and 4,600,000 people. Countries around Bosnia and Herzegovina are Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro. The capital is Sarajevo, and other important cities are Banja Luka, Mostar, Bihać, Zenica and Tuzla. The three largest ethnic groups are Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. Most Bosniaks are Sunni Muslim, most Serbs are Serbian Orthodox Christians, and most Croats are Roman Catholic. The majority religion is Islam.