AarushSah/scibowl_no_headers · Datasets at Hugging Face

Type stringlengths 0 490	Prompt stringlengths 5 919	Completion stringlengths 1 424
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Extremely small crystal grains in an igneous [IG-nee-uhs] rock are an indication that the crystals formed in which of the following ways? W) Under high pressure X) Over a short period of time Y) From an iron-rich magma Z) Deep below the surface of the Earth	X) OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer	What is the name for the boundary between two or more ecological communities?	ECOTONE
BONUS BIOLOGY Multiple Choice	Which of the following correctly describes the path of a newly synthesized secreted protein? W) Rough endoplasmic reticulum [en-duh-PLAZ-mik ri-TIK-yuh-luhm], vesicles[VES-i-kuhls], Golgi apparatus, vesicles, plasma membrane X) Golgi apparatus, vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, plasma membrane Y) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane Z) Golgi apparatus, vesicles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane	W) ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC REITICULUM, VESICLES, GOLGI APPARATUS,
TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice	Ceramic materials have all but which of the following properties? W) Low density X) High thermal expansion Y) High ductility Z) High corrosion resistance	Y) HIGH DUCTILITY
BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer	What is the ground state electron configuration of iron in iron (III) sulfate?	[Ar]3d\({}^{5}\)
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Which of the following circumstances is linked most closely with the formation of sand dunes? W) Drying of a lake X) Transgression of the sea Y) Folded mountain formation Z) Heavy glacial erosion	W) DRYING OF A LAKE
BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer	During which era did the initial opening of the present-day Atlantic Ocean most likely occur?	MESOZOIC
TOSS-UP PHYSICS Short Answer	A bicycle wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for time \(t\). Identify all of the following three choices at which the average acceleration equals the instantaneous acceleration: 0.5\(t\), 0.67\(t\), 0.70\(t\).	ALL (ACCEPT 1, 2, 3)
BONUS PHYSICS Short Answer	What is the average force in newtons exerted on a 25 gram egg by a bed sheet if the egg hits the sheet at 4 meters per second and takes 0.2 seconds to stop, given acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared?	0.5
TOSS-UP ENERGY Short Answer	A commercial scale gas atomizer will soon be developed in order to produce fine powder of what element, known for its strength, light weight, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion?	TITANIUM
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer	Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification [trans-uh-ster-uh-fi-KAY-shuhn]. Vegetable oil and methanol react to form biodiesel and what other byproduct?	GLYCERIN (ACCEPT: GLYCEROL)
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer	What is the term for the hypothesized process by which eukaryotes fyoo-KAR-ee-ohtsJ evolved a photosynthetic [foh-tuh-SIN-thuh-tik] organelle?	ENDOSYMBIOSIS
BONUS BIOLOGY Multiple Choice	Which of the following is NOT an example of energy coupling? W) An ion releases energy as it travels through an ion channel down its concentration gradient X) A kinase hydrolyzes ATP for energy to catalyze a reaction Y) A transport molecule uses energy from one molecule going down its concentration gradient to power transport of another molecule up its gradient Z) As protons move down their concentration gradient, ATP synthase gathers energy to catalyze the synthesis of ATP	W) AN ION RELEASES ENERGY AS IT TRAVELS THROUGH AN ION CHANNEL DOWN ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer	In the three by three matrix, \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-2&2&0\\ 4&1&-5\\ 0&3&7\end{array}\right]\)[such that row one contains negative 2, 2, and 0; row two contains 4, 1, and negative 5; row three contains 8, 3, and 7], which is the x\({}{(2,}\)[x sub 2, 3] element?	\(\stackrel{{\rightarrow}}{{-5}}\)
BONUS MATH Short Answer	If the squared length of the diagonal of one face of a cube is 162, what is the surface area in square units of the cube?	486
TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice	Which of the following statements is true about alkenes [AL-keens] and alkynes [AL-kyns]? W) Both are unsaturated compounds X) Both can undergo hydrogenation to lose hydrogens Y) Both can undergo oxygenation to lose oxygens Z) Both have carbon-carbon double bonds	W) BOTH ARE UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Which of the following sedimentary rocks is most likely to be changed to slate during regional metamorphism? W) Shale X) Conglomerate Y) Dolostone [DO-luh-stohn] Z) Breccia [BRECH-ee-uh]	W) SHALE
TOSS-UP PHYSICS Multiple Choice	Four particles are moving from north to south through a region with magnetic field directed from west to east. Which of the following particles bends downward? W) Alpha X) Beta Y) Neutron Z) Graviton	X) BETA
BONUS PHYSICS Short Answer	Forty-five joules of energy are added to a quantity of ideal gas, and the gas expands and does 34 joules of work. What is the change in internal energy of the gas, in joules?	11
TOSS-UP ENERGY Short Answer	What is the name for the layer in the center of a fuel cell which separates the anode and cathode and allows positive ions through but not electrons?	ELECTROLYTE (ACCEPT: MEMBRANE)
BONUS ENERGY Short Answer	Regular gasoline with an octane rating of 87 has the same anti-knock qualities as a mixture with what percentages of iso-octane and heptane, respectively?	ISO-OCTANE = 87%; HEPTANE = 13%
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Multiple Choice	Which of the following animals is considered a keystone species of the kelp forests of the Aleutian [uh-LOO-shuhn] Islands ecosystem? W) Sea urchin X) Sea otter Y) Killer whale Z) Alaskan fur seals	X) SEA OTTER
BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer	What scientific term describes strategies, such as black widow coloration, used by some animals to alert or warn other animals of their presence and potential danger?	APOSEMATISM (ACCEPT: APOSEMATIC)
TOSS-UP MATH Multiple Choice	Which of the following equations is that of a line perpendicular to \(3x\) - \(7y=5\)? W) \(3x+7y=10\) X) \(7x+3y=10\) Y) \(7x-3y=10\) Z) \(3x-7y=10\)	X) \(7x+3y=10\)
BONUS MATH Short Answer	What is the multiplicity of the zero 1 in the polynomial \(p(x)=x^{4}+x^{3}-9x^{2}+11x\) - 4?	3
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	In general, the probability of flooding decreases when there is an increase in the amount of which of the following? W) Precipitation X) Infiltration Y) Runoff Z) Snow melt	X) INFILTRATION
BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Which of the following is the age of the most abundant surface bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of New York State? W) Cambrian X) Devonian Y) Pennsylvania Z) Permian	X) DEVONIAN
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer	Cutaneous [Kyoo-ATY-nee-uhs] sensation to the palm of the hand and thumb is provided primarily by which nerve?	MEDIAN
BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer	By number, indentify all of the following five characteristics that apply to the iris plant: floral parts in multiples of four or five, root system with a central tap root, parallel venation on leaves, vascular bundles in stem arranged in a ring, one cotyledon [kat-uhl-EED-uhn].	3, 5
TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice	Which of the following elements does NOT commonly form simple ions? W) Silicon X) Oxygen Y) Lead Z) Sulfur	W) SILICON
BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer	How many total carbons are in the organic compound 1, 1-dichloro-3-ethyl-2,4 dimethylpentane [dy-METH-uhl-PEN-tayn]?	9
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Which of the following surface ocean currents transports warm water to higher latitudes? W) Labrador Current X) Failand Current Y) Gulf Stream Z) West Wind Drift	Y) GULF STREAM
BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice	Which of the following internal layers of the Earth allows for isostacy [eye-SOS-tuh-see] of the crust? W) Outer core X) Inner core Y) Asthenosphere Z) Lithosphere	Y) ASTHENOSPHERE
TOSS-UP PHYSICS Multiple Choice	When a tennis racket hits a tennis ball, how do the forces on each object compare? W) The force on the tennis ball has a greater magnitude than the force on the racket X) The force on the racket has a greater magnitude than the force on the ball Y) The magnitude of the force on each object is the same Z) The forces depend on the level of impact	Y) THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE ON EACH OBJECT IS THE SAME
TOSS-UP ENERGY Multiple Choice	Which of the following conditions is NOT required to form coal? W) A stagnant and stable water level X) Heat and pressure over a long period of time Y) An equal supply of both vegetation and sediment Z) A plant accumulation rate equaling land subsidence rate	Y) AN EQUAL SUPPLY OF BOTH VEGETATION AND SEDIMENT
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer	Damage to which human brain region results in anomalous circadian [uh-NOM-uh-luhs sur-kay-dee-uhn] rhythms?	HYPOTHALAMUS
TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer	In terms of a, b, c, and d, what is the slope of the line \(3\omega x+2by=cd\)?	\(-3\omega/2b\)
TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice	In titration, which of the following is most commonly used as an acid-base indicator in the pH 8 to pH 10 range? W) Phenolphthalein [fee-knoll-THAY-lean] X) Cresol red Y) Bromthymol blue Z) Methyl orange	W) PHENOLPHTHALEIN
BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer	To what total volume in milliliters would 100 milliliters of an 80% ethanol solution by volume need to be diluted to obtain a 20% solution by volume?	400
TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer	Of the 8 planets in the solar system, which one likely has the lowest escape velocity with respect to its own gravity?	MERCURY
BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer	The following four particles A, B, C, and D are of equal volume and are dropped into a column filled with water. Particle A is flat with a density of 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter. Particle B is flat with a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. Particle C is round with a density of 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter, and particle D is round with a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. Which particle would usually settle most rapidly?	PARTICLE D
TOSS-UP PHYSICS Short Answer	Sue and Ben are 5 and 10 meters, respectively, away from a balloon when it pops loudly. Sue's sound pressure meter recorded a level of 80 decibels. What did Ben's identical meter record in decibels to the nearest decibel?	74
BONUS PHYSICS Multiple Choice	A current-carrying wire changes diameter from larger to smaller gauge. In which of the following locations would the current be greater? W) Larger section X) Smaller section Y) At the location where the wire changes diameter Z) It would be the same at all points	Z) IT WOULD BE THE SAME AT ALL POINTS
TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer	Name the genus of mosquito that most frequently serves as the vector for the debilitating dengue [DENG-gay] fever.	AEDES
BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer	Indicate, respectively, the term to describe the stage in which two genetically different nuclei occur in the same cell, and the principal kingdom in which the stage occurs as a normal part of the organism's life cycle.	STAGE = HETEROKARYOTIC; KINGDOM = FUNGI
TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer	How many points of intersection do the graphs of the functions \(f(x)=x^{2}\) and \(g(x)=2^{x}\) have?	3

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Extremely small crystal grains in an igneous [IG-nee-uhs] rock are an indication that the crystals formed in which of the following ways? W) Under high pressure X) Over a short period of time Y) From an iron-rich magma Z) Deep below the surface of the Earth

X) OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer

What is the name for the boundary between two or more ecological communities?

ECOTONE

BONUS BIOLOGY Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the path of a newly synthesized secreted protein? W) Rough endoplasmic reticulum [en-duh-PLAZ-mik ri-TIK-yuh-luhm], vesicles[VES-i-kuhls], Golgi apparatus, vesicles, plasma membrane X) Golgi apparatus, vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, plasma membrane Y) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane Z) Golgi apparatus, vesicles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane

W) ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC REITICULUM, VESICLES, GOLGI APPARATUS,

TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice

Ceramic materials have all but which of the following properties? W) Low density X) High thermal expansion Y) High ductility Z) High corrosion resistance

Y) HIGH DUCTILITY

BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer

What is the ground state electron configuration of iron in iron (III) sulfate?

[Ar]3d\({}^{5}\)

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Which of the following circumstances is linked most closely with the formation of sand dunes? W) Drying of a lake X) Transgression of the sea Y) Folded mountain formation Z) Heavy glacial erosion

W) DRYING OF A LAKE

BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer

During which era did the initial opening of the present-day Atlantic Ocean most likely occur?

MESOZOIC

TOSS-UP PHYSICS Short Answer

A bicycle wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for time \(t\). Identify all of the following three choices at which the average acceleration equals the instantaneous acceleration: 0.5\(t\), 0.67\(t\), 0.70\(t\).

ALL (ACCEPT 1, 2, 3)

BONUS PHYSICS Short Answer

What is the average force in newtons exerted on a 25 gram egg by a bed sheet if the egg hits the sheet at 4 meters per second and takes 0.2 seconds to stop, given acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared?

0.5

TOSS-UP ENERGY Short Answer

A commercial scale gas atomizer will soon be developed in order to produce fine powder of what element, known for its strength, light weight, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion?

TITANIUM

BONUS ENERGY Short Answer

Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification [trans-uh-ster-uh-fi-KAY-shuhn]. Vegetable oil and methanol react to form biodiesel and what other byproduct?

GLYCERIN (ACCEPT: GLYCEROL)

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer

What is the term for the hypothesized process by which eukaryotes fyoo-KAR-ee-ohtsJ evolved a photosynthetic [foh-tuh-SIN-thuh-tik] organelle?

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

BONUS BIOLOGY Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of energy coupling? W) An ion releases energy as it travels through an ion channel down its concentration gradient X) A kinase hydrolyzes ATP for energy to catalyze a reaction Y) A transport molecule uses energy from one molecule going down its concentration gradient to power transport of another molecule up its gradient Z) As protons move down their concentration gradient, ATP synthase gathers energy to catalyze the synthesis of ATP

W) AN ION RELEASES ENERGY AS IT TRAVELS THROUGH AN ION CHANNEL DOWN ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer

In the three by three matrix, \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-2&2&0\\ 4&1&-5\\ 0&3&7\end{array}\right]\)[such that row one contains negative 2, 2, and 0; row two contains 4, 1, and negative 5; row three contains 8, 3, and 7], which is the x\({}{(2,}\)[x sub 2, 3] element?

\(\stackrel{{\rightarrow}}{{-5}}\)

BONUS MATH Short Answer

If the squared length of the diagonal of one face of a cube is 162, what is the surface area in square units of the cube?

486

TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about alkenes [AL-keens] and alkynes [AL-kyns]? W) Both are unsaturated compounds X) Both can undergo hydrogenation to lose hydrogens Y) Both can undergo oxygenation to lose oxygens Z) Both have carbon-carbon double bonds

W) BOTH ARE UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is most likely to be changed to slate during regional metamorphism? W) Shale X) Conglomerate Y) Dolostone [DO-luh-stohn] Z) Breccia [BRECH-ee-uh]

W) SHALE

TOSS-UP PHYSICS Multiple Choice

Four particles are moving from north to south through a region with magnetic field directed from west to east. Which of the following particles bends downward? W) Alpha X) Beta Y) Neutron Z) Graviton

X) BETA

BONUS PHYSICS Short Answer

Forty-five joules of energy are added to a quantity of ideal gas, and the gas expands and does 34 joules of work. What is the change in internal energy of the gas, in joules?

11

TOSS-UP ENERGY Short Answer

What is the name for the layer in the center of a fuel cell which separates the anode and cathode and allows positive ions through but not electrons?

ELECTROLYTE (ACCEPT: MEMBRANE)

BONUS ENERGY Short Answer

Regular gasoline with an octane rating of 87 has the same anti-knock qualities as a mixture with what percentages of iso-octane and heptane, respectively?

ISO-OCTANE = 87%; HEPTANE = 13%

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Multiple Choice

Which of the following animals is considered a keystone species of the kelp forests of the Aleutian [uh-LOO-shuhn] Islands ecosystem? W) Sea urchin X) Sea otter Y) Killer whale Z) Alaskan fur seals

X) SEA OTTER

BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer

What scientific term describes strategies, such as black widow coloration, used by some animals to alert or warn other animals of their presence and potential danger?

APOSEMATISM (ACCEPT: APOSEMATIC)

TOSS-UP MATH Multiple Choice

Which of the following equations is that of a line perpendicular to \(3x\) - \(7y=5\)? W) \(3x+7y=10\) X) \(7x+3y=10\) Y) \(7x-3y=10\) Z) \(3x-7y=10\)

X) \(7x+3y=10\)

BONUS MATH Short Answer

What is the multiplicity of the zero 1 in the polynomial \(p(x)=x^{4}+x^{3}-9x^{2}+11x\) - 4?

3

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

In general, the probability of flooding decreases when there is an increase in the amount of which of the following? W) Precipitation X) Infiltration Y) Runoff Z) Snow melt

X) INFILTRATION

BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the age of the most abundant surface bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of New York State? W) Cambrian X) Devonian Y) Pennsylvania Z) Permian

X) DEVONIAN

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer

Cutaneous [Kyoo-ATY-nee-uhs] sensation to the palm of the hand and thumb is provided primarily by which nerve?

MEDIAN

BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer

By number, indentify all of the following five characteristics that apply to the iris plant: floral parts in multiples of four or five, root system with a central tap root, parallel venation on leaves, vascular bundles in stem arranged in a ring, one cotyledon [kat-uhl-EED-uhn].

3, 5

TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements does NOT commonly form simple ions? W) Silicon X) Oxygen Y) Lead Z) Sulfur

W) SILICON

BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer

How many total carbons are in the organic compound 1, 1-dichloro-3-ethyl-2,4 dimethylpentane [dy-METH-uhl-PEN-tayn]?

9

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Which of the following surface ocean currents transports warm water to higher latitudes? W) Labrador Current X) Failand Current Y) Gulf Stream Z) West Wind Drift

Y) GULF STREAM

BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice

Which of the following internal layers of the Earth allows for isostacy [eye-SOS-tuh-see] of the crust? W) Outer core X) Inner core Y) Asthenosphere Z) Lithosphere

Y) ASTHENOSPHERE

TOSS-UP PHYSICS Multiple Choice

When a tennis racket hits a tennis ball, how do the forces on each object compare? W) The force on the tennis ball has a greater magnitude than the force on the racket X) The force on the racket has a greater magnitude than the force on the ball Y) The magnitude of the force on each object is the same Z) The forces depend on the level of impact

Y) THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE ON EACH OBJECT IS THE SAME

TOSS-UP ENERGY Multiple Choice

Which of the following conditions is NOT required to form coal? W) A stagnant and stable water level X) Heat and pressure over a long period of time Y) An equal supply of both vegetation and sediment Z) A plant accumulation rate equaling land subsidence rate

Y) AN EQUAL SUPPLY OF BOTH VEGETATION AND SEDIMENT

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer

Damage to which human brain region results in anomalous circadian [uh-NOM-uh-luhs sur-kay-dee-uhn] rhythms?

HYPOTHALAMUS

TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer

In terms of a, b, c, and d, what is the slope of the line \(3\omega x+2by=cd\)?

\(-3\omega/2b\)

TOSS-UP CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice

In titration, which of the following is most commonly used as an acid-base indicator in the pH 8 to pH 10 range? W) Phenolphthalein [fee-knoll-THAY-lean] X) Cresol red Y) Bromthymol blue Z) Methyl orange

W) PHENOLPHTHALEIN

BONUS CHEMISTRY Short Answer

To what total volume in milliliters would 100 milliliters of an 80% ethanol solution by volume need to be diluted to obtain a 20% solution by volume?

400

TOSS-UP EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer

Of the 8 planets in the solar system, which one likely has the lowest escape velocity with respect to its own gravity?

MERCURY

BONUS EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer

The following four particles A, B, C, and D are of equal volume and are dropped into a column filled with water. Particle A is flat with a density of 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter. Particle B is flat with a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. Particle C is round with a density of 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter, and particle D is round with a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. Which particle would usually settle most rapidly?

PARTICLE D

TOSS-UP PHYSICS Short Answer

Sue and Ben are 5 and 10 meters, respectively, away from a balloon when it pops loudly. Sue's sound pressure meter recorded a level of 80 decibels. What did Ben's identical meter record in decibels to the nearest decibel?

74

BONUS PHYSICS Multiple Choice

A current-carrying wire changes diameter from larger to smaller gauge. In which of the following locations would the current be greater? W) Larger section X) Smaller section Y) At the location where the wire changes diameter Z) It would be the same at all points

Z) IT WOULD BE THE SAME AT ALL POINTS

TOSS-UP BIOLOGY Short Answer

Name the genus of mosquito that most frequently serves as the vector for the debilitating dengue [DENG-gay] fever.

AEDES

BONUS BIOLOGY Short Answer

Indicate, respectively, the term to describe the stage in which two genetically different nuclei occur in the same cell, and the principal kingdom in which the stage occurs as a normal part of the organism's life cycle.

STAGE = HETEROKARYOTIC; KINGDOM = FUNGI

TOSS-UP MATH Short Answer

How many points of intersection do the graphs of the functions \(f(x)=x^{2}\) and \(g(x)=2^{x}\) have?

3