// File: new.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier:MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

interface IDexAggregator {
    function bestrateswap(
        address tokenIn,
        address tokenOut,
        uint256 amountIn,
        uint256 amountOutMin,
        address to,
        uint256 allowedslippage
    ) external returns (uint256);

    function getRates(
        address tokenIn,
        address tokenOut,
        uint256 amountIn,
        uint8 flag
    ) external view returns (uint256[] memory, uint8);
}

contract Index is Ownable, Initializable, ReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    ///@notice state to signify that configuration update has taken place
    bool public updated;
    ///@notice state to signify that index tokens are sold/swapped for ptokens
    bool public sold;
    ///@notice state to signify that tokens are staked or not
    bool public staked;
    ///@notice state to signify that tokens are unstaked or not
    bool public unstaked;
    ///@notice state to signify that previous index tokens are sold/swapped for ptoken after update
    bool public soldprevafterupdate;
    ///@notice state to signify that reward tokens are sold/swapped for ptoken
    bool public rewardtokensold;
    ///@notice state to signify the purchases state of the index contract
    bool public purchased;
    ///@notice stores address of the dex contract
    address public dex;
    ///@notice stores the address of the p token
    address public ptoken;
    ///@notice stores the address of the management treasury contract
    address public managementfeegetter;
    ///@notice stores the address of the performance treasury contract
    address public performancefeegetter;
    ///@notice stores the maximum deposit allowed in the
    uint256 public maxdeposit;
    /// @notice stores the token holding time
    uint256 public maturitytime;
    /// @notice stores the ending time for deposit
    uint256 public depositendtime;
    /// @notice stores the total deposit by the user
    uint256 public totaldeposit;
    ///@notice stores the deposit balance of the user
    mapping(address => uint256) depositerbalances;
    ///@notice stores the addresses of the depositors
    address[] public depositors;
    ///@notice stores the addresses of the reward tokens
    address[] public rewardtokens;
    ///@notice stores the addresses of the current tokens
    address[] public tokenscurrent;
    ///@notice stores the percentage fo the current tokens
    uint16[] public percentagescurrent;
    ///stores the addresses of the previous tokens
    address[] public tokensprevious;
    ///@notice mapping to store staking state of the tokens
    mapping(address => bool) tokenstaked;
    ///@notice modifier to check purchase
    modifier purchasedcheck() {
        if (!purchased) revert("Not purchased ");
        _;
    }
    ///@notice modifier to check updation
    modifier updatedcheck() {
        if (!updated) revert("Not updated");
        require(updated, "Not purchased");
        _;
    }
    /// @notice modifier to check selling
    modifier soldcheck() {
        require(sold, "Not sold yet");
        _;
    } ///@notice modifier to check the staked state
    modifier stakedcheck() {
        require(staked, "Not staked yet");
        _;
    }

    ///@notice it will add reward token address in the rewardtokens address array
    ///@param token the address of the reward token
    function addrewardtokens(address token) external onlyOwner {
        rewardtokens.push(token);
    }

    ///@notice it will return the states of the index contract
    function returnstates() external view onlyOwner returns (bool[5] memory) {
        return [purchased, updated, soldprevafterupdate, staked, sold];
    }

    /// @notice This function will update the index configuration with new percentages and tokens
    /// @param _percentages The percentage array for the tokens
    /// @param _tokens The address array of the tokens
    function udpateindex(uint16[] memory _percentages, address[] memory _tokens)
        external
        onlyOwner
        purchasedcheck
        nonReentrant
    {
        require(!staked, "tokens staked");
        tokensprevious = tokenscurrent;
        tokenscurrent = _tokens;
        percentagescurrent = _percentages;
        updated = true;
    }

    ///@notice returns index current tokens info
    function getCurrentTokensInfo()
        external
        view
        returns (address[] memory, uint16[] memory)
    {
        return (tokenscurrent, percentagescurrent);
    }

    ///@notice returns index previous tokens info
    function getPreviousTokensInfo() external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return (tokensprevious);
    }

    ///@notice returns balance of the caller address given token address
    ///@param _token the adddress of the token of which we want to check balance of
    ///@param _whose the address of which we want to check balance of
    function checkbalancebytoken(address _token, address _whose)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return IERC20(_token).balanceOf(_whose);
    }

    ///@notice will be used to deposit the amount of ptoken in the contract
    ///@param amount the total amount deposited by the user on the contract
    ///@param depositer the address of the depositer
    function deposit(uint256 amount, address depositer)
        external
        onlyOwner
        nonReentrant
    {
        require(block.timestamp <= depositendtime, "depost time limit passed");

        require(
            totaldeposit + amount <= maxdeposit,
            "amount should be greater than minimlum"
        );

        uint256 fees = (amount * 5) / 100;
        uint256 amountin = amount - fees;
        depositerbalances[depositer] += amountin;
        totaldeposit += amountin;
        depositors.push(depositer);
        SafeERC20.safeTransfer(IERC20(ptoken), managementfeegetter, fees);
    }

    ///@notice it returns the current tokens of the index contract
    function currenttokenbalance()
        external
        view
        onlyOwner
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        return tokensbalances(tokenscurrent);
    }

    ///@notice it returns the balance of the reward tokens for the index contract
    function rewardtokenbalance()
        external
        view
        onlyOwner
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        return tokensbalances(rewardtokens);
    }

    ///@notice it returns the balance of the previous tokens for the index contract
    function previoustokenbalance()
        external
        view
        onlyOwner
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        return tokensbalances(tokensprevious);
    }

    ///@notice it returns the ptokenbalance of the index contract
    function ptokenbalance() external view onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
        return checkbalancebytoken(ptoken, address(this));
    }

    ///@notice it will return the balance of tokens for the index
    ///@param _tokens the address array of the tokens that we want to know balance of
    function tokensbalances(address[] memory _tokens)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        uint256 numberoftokens = _tokens.length;
        address[] memory tokens = new address[](numberoftokens);
        uint256[] memory balancearray = new uint256[](numberoftokens);

        tokens = _tokens;

        for (uint256 i; i < numberoftokens; i++) {
            balancearray[i] = checkbalancebytoken(tokens[i], address(this));
        }

        return balancearray;
    }

    ///@notice internal function to purchase the current tokens
    ///@param _amount The amount of token that we want to use for purchasing ptoken
    ///@param _slippageallowed The amount of slippage allowed for swap
    function _purchase(uint256 _amount, uint256[] calldata _slippageallowed)
        internal
    {
        SafeERC20.safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20(ptoken), dex, _amount);
        uint256 numoftokens = tokenscurrent.length;
        uint16[] memory percentages = new uint16[](numoftokens);
        address[] memory tokens = new address[](numoftokens);
        tokens = tokenscurrent;
        percentages = percentagescurrent;
        uint256 amount;
        for (uint256 i; i < numoftokens; ) {
            (amount) = IDexAggregator(dex).bestrateswap(
                ptoken,
                tokens[i],
                ((_amount * percentagescurrent[i]) / 1000),
                0,
                address(this),
                _slippageallowed[i]
            );
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    ///@notice internal function to sell the tokens for getting ptokens
    ///@param _tokens The tokens that we want to sell/swap for ptokens
    ///@param _amounts The amounrs of the token that we want sell/swap for ptokens
    ///@param _slippageallowed The array of percentage of slippage allowed
    function _sell(
        address[] memory _tokens,
        uint256[] calldata _amounts,
        uint256[] calldata _slippageallowed
    ) internal {
        uint256 numoftokens = _tokens.length;

        address[] memory tokens = new address[](numoftokens);
        tokens = _tokens;

        for (uint256 i; i < numoftokens; ) {
            SafeERC20.safeIncreaseAllowance(
                IERC20(tokens[i]),
                dex,
                _amounts[i]
            );
            IDexAggregator(dex).bestrateswap(
                tokens[i],
                ptoken,
                _amounts[i],
                0,
                address(this),
                _slippageallowed[i]
            );
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Will purchase/swap the index tokens in place of ptokens for the index contract
    /// @param _amount The amount of p token that we want to use for purchase/swap index tokens
    /// @param _slippageallowed The array of slippage percentages
    function purchase(uint256 _amount, uint256[] calldata _slippageallowed)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(
            block.timestamp > depositendtime,
            "deposit period,no purchase allowed"
        );
        require(!purchased, "already purchased");
        require(
            _amount <= IERC20(ptoken).balanceOf(address(this)),
            "Amount should be less than balance"
        );

        _purchase(_amount, _slippageallowed);
        if (checkbalancebytoken(ptoken, address(this)) == 0) {
            purchased = true;
            maturitytime += block.timestamp;
        }
    }

    ///@notice main sell function with required checks for selling tokens
    /// @param _amounts The array of amounts of index tokens that we want to use for sell/swap for p tokens
    /// @param _slippageallowed The array of slippage percentages
    function sell(
        uint256[] calldata _amounts,
        uint256[] calldata _slippageallowed
    ) external onlyOwner purchasedcheck {
        require(!updated && !staked, "staked or updated");
        require(block.timestamp > maturitytime, "The index has not ended yet");
        require(
            _amounts.length == _slippageallowed.length &&
                _amounts.length == tokenscurrent.length,
            "uneven array length"
        );

        _sell(tokenscurrent, _amounts, _slippageallowed);

        bool flag;

        uint256 n = tokenscurrent.length;
        address[] memory tokens = new address[](n);
        tokens = tokenscurrent;

        for (uint256 i; i < n; ++i) {
            if (checkbalancebytoken(tokens[i], address(this)) != 0) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (!flag) {
            sold = true;
        }
    }

    ///@notice it will sell/swap reward tokens for ptokens
    /// @param _amounts The array of amounts of index tokens that we want to use for sell/swap for p tokens
    /// @param _slippageallowed The array of slippage percentages
    function sellrewardtokens(
        uint256[] calldata _amounts,
        uint256[] calldata _slippageallowed
    ) external onlyOwner purchasedcheck {
        bool flag;

        uint256 n = rewardtokens.length;
        address[] memory tokens = new address[](n);
        tokens = rewardtokens;

        _sell(tokens, _amounts, _slippageallowed);

        for (uint256 i; i < n; ++i) {
            if (checkbalancebytoken(tokens[i], address(this)) != 0) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (!flag) {
            rewardtokensold = true;
        }
    }

    ///@notice it will distribute ptokens according to users deposit
    function distributeamount() external onlyOwner soldcheck {
        uint256 _totaldeposit = totaldeposit;
        uint256 _totalbalance = checkbalancebytoken(ptoken, address(this));

        if (_totalbalance > _totaldeposit) {
            uint256 interest = _totalbalance - _totaldeposit;
            uint256 fees = (interest * 10) / 100;

            IERC20(ptoken).safeTransfer(performancefeegetter, fees);
            _totalbalance -= fees;
        }

        uint256 percentage;
        uint256 lengthd = depositors.length;
        address[] memory _depositors = new address[](lengthd);
        _depositors = depositors;

        for (uint256 i; i < lengthd; i++) {
            percentage =
                (depositerbalances[depositors[i]] * 100) /
                totaldeposit;

            IERC20(ptoken).safeTransfer(
                _depositors[i],
                (percentage * _totalbalance) / 100
            );
        }
    }

    /// @notice Will sell/swap the previous index tokens for ptokens for the index contract
    /// @param amounts The array of amounts of index tokens that we want to use for sell/swap for p tokens
    /// @param slippageallowed The array of slippage percentages
    function rebalancesell(
        uint256[] calldata amounts,
        uint256[] calldata slippageallowed
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            block.timestamp > depositendtime,
            "time period should be between deposit and ending"
        );

        require(
            amounts.length == slippageallowed.length &&
                amounts.length == tokensprevious.length,
            "uneven array length"
        );
        require(updated, "not updated");

        _sell(tokensprevious, amounts, slippageallowed);
        bool flag;

        uint256 numoftokens = tokensprevious.length;

        address[] memory tokens = new address[](numoftokens);
        tokens = tokensprevious;

        for (uint256 i; i < numoftokens; ) {
            if (checkbalancebytoken(tokens[i], address(this)) != 0) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (!flag) {
            soldprevafterupdate = true;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Will purchase/swap the updated index tokens in place of ptokens for the index contract
    /// @param amount The amount of p token that we want to use for purchase/swap index tokens
    /// @param slippageallowed The array of slippage percentages
    function rebalancepurchase(
        uint256 amount,
        uint256[] calldata slippageallowed
    ) external onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        require(soldprevafterupdate, "all tokens not sold yet");
        require(
            amount <= IERC20(ptoken).balanceOf(address(this)),
            "Amount should be less than balance"
        );

        _purchase(amount, slippageallowed);

        if (checkbalancebytoken(ptoken, address(this)) < 10) {
            updated = false;
            soldprevafterupdate = false;
        }
    }

    /// @notice This function will check the supplied inputs, creates a new index fund contract
    ///inside the indexInstanceArray
    /// @param _percentages The percentage array for the tokens
    /// @param _tokens The address array of the tokens
    /// @param _thresholdamount The minimum amount allowed for deposit in index contract
    /// @param _indexendingtime The time after the purchase till which we can't sell the tokens
    /// @param _ptoken The base token of the index contract
    /// @param _dex  The address of the dex contract
    /// @param _management The address of the management treasury contract
    /// @param _performance The address of the _performance treasury contract
    function initialize(
        uint16[] memory _percentages,
        address[] memory _tokens,
        uint256 _thresholdamount,
        uint256 _depositendingtime,
        uint256 _indexendingtime,
        address _ptoken,
        address _dex,
        address _management,
        address _performance
    ) external initializer {
        percentagescurrent = _percentages;
        tokenscurrent = _tokens;
        tokensprevious = _tokens;
        maxdeposit = _thresholdamount;
        depositendtime = block.timestamp + _depositendingtime;
        maturitytime = _indexendingtime;
        dex = _dex;
        ptoken = _ptoken;
        managementfeegetter = _management;
        performancefeegetter = _performance;
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    ///@notice will return the purchase token for the index contract
    function getpurchasetoken()
        external
        view
        onlyOwner
        returns (address _ptoken)
    {
        _ptoken = ptoken;
    }

    ///@notice function to  update the owner of the index contract
    ///@param newowner the address of the new owner
    function updateindexowner(address newowner) external onlyOwner {
        transferOwnership(newowner);
    }

    ///@notice function to approve token for staking contract
    ///@param _stakingContract The address of the staking contract
    ///@param token The address of the token that we want to stake
    function approvetoken(address _stakingContract, address token)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        uint256 balance;

        balance = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));

        require(balance > 0, "amount is 0");
        //IERC(token).approve(_stakingContract, balance);
        SafeERC20.safeApprove(IERC20(token), _stakingContract, balance);
    }

    ///@notice function to call any contract function given target address and data
    ///@param target The address of the contract of which we want to call the function of
    ///@param data The call data of the function which we want to call
    function FunctionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        Address.functionCall(target, data);
    }

    ///@notice function to approve and stake the purchased token
    ///@param token The address of the token that we want to unstake
    ///@param target The address of the staking contract from where we want to unstake our token
    ///@param data The call data of the unstake/withdraw
    function stakewithapprove(
        address token,
        address target,
        bytes memory data
    ) external onlyOwner purchasedcheck {
        require(!updated, "index is in updation state");
        approvetoken(target, token);
        Address.functionCall(target, data);
        tokenstaked[token] = true;
        staked = true;
    }

    ///@notice function to unstake the purchased tokens
    ///@param token The address of the token that we want to unstake
    ///@param target The address of the staking contract from where we want to unstake our token
    ///@param data The call data of the unstake/withdraw
    function unstake(
        address token,
        address target,
        bytes memory data
    ) external onlyOwner stakedcheck {
        Address.functionCall(target, data);
        tokenstaked[token] = false;

        uint256 numoftokens = tokenscurrent.length;
        address[] memory tokens = new address[](numoftokens);
        tokens = tokenscurrent;
        bool flag;
        for (uint256 i; i < numoftokens; ) {
            if (tokenstaked[tokens[i]] == true) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (!flag) {
            staked = false;
        }
    }

    ///@notice it will set the performance fee treasury for the index contract
    ///@param _managementfeeaddress The address of the management fee treasury
    function setmanagementfeeaddress(address _managementfeeaddress)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        managementfeegetter = _managementfeeaddress;
    }

    ///@notice it will set the performance fee treasury for the index contract
    ///@param _performancefeeaddress The address of the performance fee treasury
    function setperformancefeeaddress(address _performancefeeaddress)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        performancefeegetter = _performancefeeaddress;
    }

    ///@notice it will return the total deposit in the index contract
    function gettotaldeposit() public view returns (uint256) {
        return totaldeposit;
    }

    ///@notice it will return the deposit of the user
    ///@param depositer the address of the depositor
    function getdepositbyuser(address depositer) public view returns (uint256) {
        return depositerbalances[depositer];
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function that returns the initialized version. Returns `_initialized`
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function that returns the initialized version. Returns `_initializing`
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}