// File: contracts/crosschain/ZunamiForwarder.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol';

import "./interfaces/stargate/IStargateReceiver.sol";
import "./interfaces/stargate/IStargateRouter.sol";
import "../interfaces/IZunami.sol";
import "../interfaces/ICurvePool.sol";

import "./LzApp.sol";

contract ZunamiForwarder is LzApp, IStargateReceiver {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20Metadata;

    bytes32 public constant OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256('OPERATOR_ROLE');

    enum MessageType {
        Deposit,
        Withdrawal
    }

    IZunami public immutable zunami;
    ICurvePool public immutable curveExchange;
    IStargateRouter public immutable stargateRouter;

    uint8 public constant POOL_ASSETS = 3;

    int128 public constant DAI_TOKEN_ID = 0;
    int128 public constant USDC_TOKEN_ID = 1;
    uint128 public constant USDT_TOKEN_ID = 2;

    uint256 public constant SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER = 10000;

    uint256 public stargateSlippage = 20;
    IERC20Metadata[POOL_ASSETS] public tokens;
    uint256 public immutable tokenPoolId;

    uint256 public storedLpShares;

    uint256 public currentDepositId;
    uint256 public currentDepositAmount;

    uint256 public currentWithdrawalId;
    uint256 public currentWithdrawalAmount;

    uint16 public gatewayChainId;
    address public gatewayAddress;
    uint256 public gatewayTokenPoolId;

    uint256 public crossDepositGas = 50000;
    uint256 public crossWithdrawalGas = 50000;
    uint256 public crossProvisionGas = 40000;

    event InitiatedCrossDeposit(uint256 indexed id, uint256 tokenId, uint256 tokenAmount);
    event ReceivedCrossDepositProvision(uint256 tokenId, uint256 tokenAmount);
    event CreatedPendingDeposit(uint256 indexed id, uint256 tokenId, uint256 tokenAmount);
    event Deposited(uint256 indexed id, uint256 lpShares);

    event CreatedPendingWithdrawal(uint256 indexed id, uint256 lpShares);
    event Withdrawn(uint256 indexed id, uint256 tokenId, uint256 tokenAmount);

    event SetGatewayParams(
        uint256 chainId,
        address gateway,
        uint256 tokenPoolId
    );

    event SetStargateSlippage(
        uint256 slippage
    );

    event SetLayerZeroMessagesGas(
        uint256 crossDepositGas,
        uint256 crossWithdrawalGas,
        uint256 crossProvisionGas
    );

    constructor(
        IERC20Metadata[POOL_ASSETS] memory _tokens,
        uint256 _tokenPoolId,
        address _zunami,
        address _curveExchange,
        address _stargateRouter,
        address _layerZeroEndpoint
    ) public LzApp(_layerZeroEndpoint) {
        _setupRole(OPERATOR_ROLE, _msgSender());
        tokens = _tokens;
        tokenPoolId = _tokenPoolId;

        zunami = IZunami(_zunami);
        stargateRouter = IStargateRouter(_stargateRouter);

        curveExchange = ICurvePool(_curveExchange);
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function setGatewayParams(
        uint16 _chainId,
        address _address,
        uint256 _tokenPoolId
    ) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        gatewayChainId = _chainId;
        gatewayAddress = _address;
        gatewayTokenPoolId = _tokenPoolId;

        emit SetGatewayParams(_chainId, _address, _tokenPoolId);
    }

    function setStargateSlippage(
        uint16 _slippage
    ) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        require(_slippage <= SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER,"Forwarder: wrong stargate slippage");
        stargateSlippage = _slippage;

        emit SetStargateSlippage(_slippage);
    }

    function setLayerZeroMessagesGas(
        uint256 _crossDepositGas,
        uint256 _crossWithdrawalGas,
        uint256 _crossProvisionGas
    ) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        crossDepositGas = _crossDepositGas;
        crossWithdrawalGas = _crossWithdrawalGas;
        crossProvisionGas = _crossProvisionGas;
        emit SetLayerZeroMessagesGas(_crossDepositGas, _crossWithdrawalGas, _crossProvisionGas);
    }

    function sgReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,              // the remote chainId sending the tokens
        bytes memory _srcAddress,        // the remote sender address
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _token,                  // the token contract on the local chain
        uint256 _amountLD,                // the qty of local _token contract tokens
        bytes memory _payload
    ) external {
        require(
            _msgSender() == address(stargateRouter),
            "Forwarder: only stargate router can call sgReceive!"
        );

        // receive stargate deposit in USDT
        require(_srcChainId == gatewayChainId, "Forwarder: wrong source chain id");
        require(_token == address(tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID]), "Forwarder: wrong token address");

        emit ReceivedCrossDepositProvision(USDT_TOKEN_ID, _amountLD);
    }

    function _lzReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes calldata _payload) internal override {
        require(_srcChainId == gatewayChainId, "Forwarder: wrong source chain id");

        // Receive request to withdrawal or deposit
        (uint8 messageType, uint256 messageId, uint256 tokenAmount, uint8 tokenDecimals) =
            abi.decode(_payload, (uint8, uint256, uint256, uint8));

        if(messageType == uint8(MessageType.Withdrawal)) {
            require(currentWithdrawalId == 0 && currentWithdrawalAmount == 0, "Forwarder: previous withdrawal existed");

            currentWithdrawalId = messageId;
            currentWithdrawalAmount = tokenAmount; //don't convert - zlp anf gzlp have same decimals

            // Delegate withdrawal request to Zunami
            uint256[POOL_ASSETS] memory tokenAmounts;
            zunami.delegateWithdrawal(tokenAmount, tokenAmounts);

            emit CreatedPendingWithdrawal(currentWithdrawalId, tokenAmount);
        } else if(messageType == uint8(MessageType.Deposit)) {
            require(currentDepositId == 0 && currentDepositAmount == 0, "Forwarder: previous deposit existed");

            currentDepositId = messageId;
            currentDepositAmount = convertDecimals(tokenAmount, tokenDecimals, IERC20Metadata(tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID]).decimals());

            emit InitiatedCrossDeposit(messageId, USDT_TOKEN_ID, currentDepositAmount);
        }
    }

    function delegateCrossDeposit()
    external
    onlyRole(OPERATOR_ROLE)
    {
        require(currentDepositId != 0 && currentDepositAmount != 0, "Forwarder: deposit wasn't initiated");
        uint256 realDepositAmount = IERC20Metadata(tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID]).balanceOf(address(this));
        require( realDepositAmount >=
            currentDepositAmount * (SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER - stargateSlippage) / SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER,
            "Forwarder: not enough provision"
        );

        // delegate deposit to Zunami
        IERC20Metadata(tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID]).safeIncreaseAllowance(address(zunami), realDepositAmount);

        uint256[3] memory amounts;
        amounts[uint256(USDT_TOKEN_ID)] = realDepositAmount;
        zunami.delegateDeposit(amounts);

        emit CreatedPendingDeposit(currentDepositId, USDT_TOKEN_ID, realDepositAmount);
    }

    function completeCrossDeposit()
    external
    payable
    onlyRole(OPERATOR_ROLE)
    {
        require(currentDepositId != 0, "Forwarder: deposit not processing");

        uint256 lpShares = IERC20Metadata(address(zunami)).balanceOf(address(this)) - storedLpShares;
        // 0/ wait until receive ZLP tokens back
        require(lpShares > 0, "Forwarder: deposit wasn't completed at Zunami");

        storedLpShares += lpShares;

        // send layer zero message to Gateway with LP shares deposit amount
        bytes memory payload = abi.encode(uint8(MessageType.Deposit), currentDepositId, lpShares, 18);
        _lzSend(gatewayChainId, payload, crossDepositGas);

        emit Deposited(currentDepositId, lpShares);

        delete currentDepositId;
        delete currentDepositAmount;
    }

    function completeCrossWithdrawal()
    external
    payable
    onlyRole(OPERATOR_ROLE)
    {
        // 0/ wait to receive stables from Zunami
        require(currentWithdrawalId != 0 && currentWithdrawalAmount != 0, "Forwarder: withdrawal is not processing");

        // 1/ exchange DAI and USDC to USDT
        exchangeOtherTokenToUSDT(DAI_TOKEN_ID);
        exchangeOtherTokenToUSDT(USDC_TOKEN_ID);

        // 2/ send USDT by startgate to gateway
        uint256 tokenTotalAmount = tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID].balanceOf(address(this));

        tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID].safeIncreaseAllowance(address(stargateRouter), tokenTotalAmount);

        stargateRouter.swap{value:address(this).balance}(
            gatewayChainId,                                     // LayerZero chainId
            tokenPoolId,                                        // source pool id
            gatewayTokenPoolId,                                 // dest pool id
            payable(address(this)),                              // refund address. extra gas (if any) is returned to this address
            tokenTotalAmount,                                   // quantity to swap
            tokenTotalAmount * (SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER - stargateSlippage) / SG_SLIPPAGE_DIVIDER, // the min qty you would accept on the destination
            IStargateRouter.lzTxObj(crossProvisionGas, 0, "0x"),            // 0 additional gasLimit increase, 0 airdrop, at 0x address
            abi.encodePacked(gatewayAddress),                   // the address to send the tokens to on the destination
            ""                                                  // bytes param, if you wish to send additional payload you can abi.encode() them here
        );

        bytes memory payload = abi.encode(uint8(MessageType.Withdrawal), currentWithdrawalId, tokenTotalAmount, tokens[USDT_TOKEN_ID].decimals());
        _lzSend(gatewayChainId, payload, crossWithdrawalGas);

        storedLpShares -= currentWithdrawalAmount;
        require( IERC20Metadata(address(zunami)).balanceOf(address(this)) == storedLpShares, "Forwarder: withdrawal wasn't completed in Zunami");

        emit Withdrawn(currentWithdrawalId, USDT_TOKEN_ID, tokenTotalAmount);

        delete currentWithdrawalId;
        delete currentWithdrawalAmount;
    }

    function exchangeOtherTokenToUSDT(int128 tokenId) internal {
        uint256 tokenBalance = tokens[uint128(tokenId)].balanceOf(address(this));
        if(tokenBalance > 0) {
            tokens[uint128(tokenId)].safeIncreaseAllowance(address(curveExchange), tokenBalance);
            curveExchange.exchange(tokenId, int128(USDT_TOKEN_ID), tokenBalance, 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev governance can withdraw all stuck funds in emergency case
     * @param _token - IERC20Metadata token that should be fully withdraw from Zunami
     */
    function withdrawStuckToken(IERC20Metadata _token) external onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        uint256 tokenBalance = _token.balanceOf(address(this));
        if (tokenBalance > 0) {
            _token.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), tokenBalance);
        }
    }

    function withdrawStuckNative() external onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
        if (balance > 0) {
            payable(_msgSender()).transfer(balance);
        }
    }

    function convertDecimals(
        uint256 _value,
        uint8 _decimalsFrom,
        uint8 _decimalsTo
    ) public view returns (uint256) { // pure
        if(_decimalsFrom == _decimalsTo) return _value;
        if(_decimalsFrom > _decimalsTo) return convertDownDecimals(_value, _decimalsFrom, _decimalsTo);
        return convertUpDecimals(_value, _decimalsFrom, _decimalsTo);
    }

    function convertUpDecimals(
        uint256 _value,
        uint8 _decimalsFrom,
        uint8 _decimalsTo
    ) public pure returns (uint256) {
        require(_decimalsFrom <= _decimalsTo, "BADDECIM");
        return _value * (10**(_decimalsTo - _decimalsFrom));
    }

    function convertDownDecimals(
        uint256 _value,
        uint8 _decimalsFrom,
        uint8 _decimalsTo
    ) public pure returns (uint256) {
        require(_decimalsFrom >= _decimalsTo, "BADDECIM");
        return _value / (10**(_decimalsFrom - _decimalsTo));
    }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/ICurvePool.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import './ICurvePoolPricable.sol';

interface ICurvePool is ICurvePoolPricable {
    function add_liquidity(uint256[3] memory amounts, uint256 min_mint_amount) external;

    function remove_liquidity(uint256 burn_amount, uint256[3] memory min_amounts) external;

    function remove_liquidity_imbalance(uint256[3] memory amounts, uint256 max_burn_amount)
        external;

    function remove_liquidity_one_coin(
        uint256 burn_amount,
        int128 i,
        uint256 min_received
    ) external;

    function exchange(
        int128 i,
        int128 j,
        uint256 input,
        uint256 min_output
    ) external;

    function calc_token_amount(uint256[3] memory amounts, bool is_deposit)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);

    function calc_withdraw_one_coin(uint256 burn_amount, int128 i) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/LzApp.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import '@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol';
import "./interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroReceiver.sol";
import "./interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig.sol";
import "./interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroEndpoint.sol";

abstract contract LzApp is AccessControl, ILayerZeroReceiver, ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    ILayerZeroEndpoint public immutable lzEndpoint;
    address public zrePaymentAddress = address(0x0);

    mapping(uint16 => bytes) public trustedRemoteLookup;

    event SetTrustedRemote(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes _srcAddress);
    event SetZrePaymentAddress(address zrePaymentAddress);

    constructor(address _endpoint) {
        _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender());

        lzEndpoint = ILayerZeroEndpoint(_endpoint);
    }

    function lzReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes calldata _payload) public virtual override {
        // lzReceive must be called by the endpoint for security
        require(_msgSender() == address(lzEndpoint), "LzApp: invalid endpoint caller");

        bytes memory trustedRemote = trustedRemoteLookup[_srcChainId];
        // if will still block the message pathway from (srcChainId, srcAddress). should not receive message from untrusted remote.
        require(_srcAddress.length == trustedRemote.length && keccak256(_srcAddress) == keccak256(trustedRemote), "LzApp: invalid source sending contract");

        _lzReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload);
    }

    // abstract function - the default behaviour of LayerZero is blocking. See: NonblockingLzApp if you dont need to enforce ordered messaging
    function _lzReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes calldata _payload) internal virtual;

    function _lzSend(uint16 _dstChainId, bytes memory _payload, uint256 _gas) internal virtual {
        bytes memory trustedRemote = trustedRemoteLookup[_dstChainId];
        require(trustedRemote.length != 0, "LzApp: destination chain is not a trusted source");

        // use adapterParams v1 to specify more gas for the destination
        bytes memory adapterParams = abi.encodePacked(uint16(1), uint256(_gas));

        (uint messageFee, ) = lzEndpoint.estimateFees(
            _dstChainId,
            address(this),
            _payload,
            false,
            adapterParams
        );

        require(address(this).balance >= messageFee, "LzApp: not enough native token for sending message");

        lzEndpoint.send{value: messageFee}(
            _dstChainId, // destination chainId
            trustedRemote, // destination address
            _payload, // abi.encode()'ed bytes
            payable(address(this)),
            zrePaymentAddress,
            adapterParams // v1 adapterParams, specify custom destination gas qty
        );
    }

    //---------------------------UserApplication config----------------------------------------
    function getConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, address, uint _configType) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return lzEndpoint.getConfig(_version, _chainId, address(this), _configType);
    }

    // generic config for LayerZero user Application
    function setConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, uint _configType, bytes calldata _config) external override onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        lzEndpoint.setConfig(_version, _chainId, _configType, _config);
    }

    function setSendVersion(uint16 _version) external override onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        lzEndpoint.setSendVersion(_version);
    }

    function setReceiveVersion(uint16 _version) external override onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        lzEndpoint.setReceiveVersion(_version);
    }

    function forceResumeReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external override onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        lzEndpoint.forceResumeReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress);
    }

    // allow owner to set it multiple times.
    function setTrustedRemote(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        trustedRemoteLookup[_srcChainId] = _srcAddress;
        emit SetTrustedRemote(_srcChainId, _srcAddress);
    }

    function setZrePaymentAddress(address _zrePaymentAddress) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        zrePaymentAddress = _zrePaymentAddress;
        emit SetZrePaymentAddress(_zrePaymentAddress);
    }

    //--------------------------- VIEW FUNCTION ----------------------------------------
    function isTrustedRemote(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (bool) {
        bytes memory trustedSource = trustedRemoteLookup[_srcChainId];
        return keccak256(trustedSource) == keccak256(_srcAddress);
    }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IZunami.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IZunami {
    function totalDeposited() external returns (uint256);

    function deposited(address account) external returns (uint256);

    function totalHoldings() external returns (uint256);

    function calcManagementFee(uint256 amount) external returns (uint256);

    function delegateDeposit(uint256[3] memory amounts) external;

    function delegateWithdrawal(uint256 lpShares, uint256[3] memory tokenAmounts) external;
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/interfaces/stargate/IStargateReceiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IStargateReceiver {
    function sgReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,              // the remote chainId sending the tokens
        bytes memory _srcAddress,        // the remote Bridge address
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _token,                  // the token contract on the local chain
        uint256 amountLD,                // the qty of local _token contract tokens
        bytes memory payload
    ) external;
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/interfaces/stargate/IStargateRouter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IStargateRouter {
    struct lzTxObj {
        uint256 dstGasForCall;
        uint256 dstNativeAmount;
        bytes dstNativeAddr;
    }

    function addLiquidity(
        uint256 _poolId,
        uint256 _amountLD,
        address _to
    ) external;

    function swap(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint256 _srcPoolId,
        uint256 _dstPoolId,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        uint256 _amountLD,
        uint256 _minAmountLD,
        lzTxObj memory _lzTxParams,
        bytes calldata _to,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) external payable;

    function redeemRemote(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint256 _srcPoolId,
        uint256 _dstPoolId,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        uint256 _amountLP,
        uint256 _minAmountLD,
        bytes calldata _to,
        lzTxObj memory _lzTxParams
    ) external payable;

    function instantRedeemLocal(
        uint16 _srcPoolId,
        uint256 _amountLP,
        address _to
    ) external returns (uint256);

    function redeemLocal(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint256 _srcPoolId,
        uint256 _dstPoolId,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        uint256 _amountLP,
        bytes calldata _to,
        lzTxObj memory _lzTxParams
    ) external payable;

    function sendCredits(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint256 _srcPoolId,
        uint256 _dstPoolId,
        address payable _refundAddress
    ) external payable;

    function quoteLayerZeroFee(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint8 _functionType,
        bytes calldata _toAddress,
        bytes calldata _transferAndCallPayload,
        lzTxObj memory _lzTxParams
    ) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/ICurvePoolPricable.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface ICurvePoolPricable {
    function get_virtual_price() external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroReceiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroReceiver {
    // @notice LayerZero endpoint will invoke this function to deliver the message on the destination
    // @param _srcChainId - the source endpoint identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source sending contract address from the source chain
    // @param _nonce - the ordered message nonce
    // @param _payload - the signed payload is the UA bytes has encoded to be sent
    function lzReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes calldata _payload) external;
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice set the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    // @param _config - configuration in the bytes. can encode arbitrary content.
    function setConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, uint _configType, bytes calldata _config) external;

    // @notice set the send() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setSendVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice set the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setReceiveVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice Only when the UA needs to resume the message flow in blocking mode and clear the stored payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the chainId of the source chain
    // @param _srcAddress - the contract address of the source contract at the source chain
    function forceResumeReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external;
}

// File: contracts/crosschain/interfaces/layerzero/ILayerZeroEndpoint.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

import "./ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig.sol";

interface ILayerZeroEndpoint is ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice send a LayerZero message to the specified address at a LayerZero endpoint.
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _destination - the address on destination chain (in bytes). address length/format may vary by chains
    // @param _payload - a custom bytes payload to send to the destination contract
    // @param _refundAddress - if the source transaction is cheaper than the amount of value passed, refund the additional amount to this address
    // @param _zroPaymentAddress - the address of the ZRO token holder who would pay for the transaction
    // @param _adapterParams - parameters for custom functionality. e.g. receive airdropped native gas from the relayer on destination
    function send(uint16 _dstChainId, bytes calldata _destination, bytes calldata _payload, address payable _refundAddress, address _zroPaymentAddress, bytes calldata _adapterParams) external payable;

    // @notice used by the messaging library to publish verified payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source contract (as bytes) at the source chain
    // @param _dstAddress - the address on destination chain
    // @param _nonce - the unbound message ordering nonce
    // @param _gasLimit - the gas limit for external contract execution
    // @param _payload - verified payload to send to the destination contract
    function receivePayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, address _dstAddress, uint64 _nonce, uint _gasLimit, bytes calldata _payload) external;

    // @notice get the inboundNonce of a lzApp from a source chain which could be EVM or non-EVM chain
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getInboundNonce(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice get the outboundNonce from this source chain which, consequently, is always an EVM
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getOutboundNonce(uint16 _dstChainId, address _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice gets a quote in source native gas, for the amount that send() requires to pay for message delivery
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    // @param _payload - the custom message to send over LayerZero
    // @param _payInZRO - if false, user app pays the protocol fee in native token
    // @param _adapterParam - parameters for the adapter service, e.g. send some dust native token to dstChain
    function estimateFees(uint16 _dstChainId, address _userApplication, bytes calldata _payload, bool _payInZRO, bytes calldata _adapterParam) external view returns (uint nativeFee, uint zroFee);

    // @notice get this Endpoint's immutable source identifier
    function getChainId() external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice the interface to retry failed message on this Endpoint destination
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    // @param _payload - the payload to be retried
    function retryPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, bytes calldata _payload) external;

    // @notice query if any STORED payload (message blocking) at the endpoint.
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function hasStoredPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for sending msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getSendLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for receiving msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getReceiveLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for send() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isSendingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for receive() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isReceivingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice get the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    function getConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, address _userApplication, uint _configType) external view returns (bytes memory);

    // @notice get the send() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getSendVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice get the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getReceiveVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/Context.sol";
import "../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint160(account), 20),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}