// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20WithPermit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

import "./IERC20WithPermit.sol";
import "./IReceiveApproval.sol";

/// @title  ERC20WithPermit
/// @notice Burnable ERC20 token with EIP2612 permit functionality. User can
///         authorize a transfer of their token with a signature conforming
///         EIP712 standard instead of an on-chain transaction from their
///         address. Anyone can submit this signature on the user's behalf by
///         calling the permit function, as specified in EIP2612 standard,
///         paying gas fees, and possibly performing other actions in the same
///         transaction.
contract ERC20WithPermit is IERC20WithPermit, Ownable {
    /// @notice The amount of tokens owned by the given account.
    mapping(address => uint256) public override balanceOf;

    /// @notice The remaining number of tokens that spender will be
    ///         allowed to spend on behalf of owner through `transferFrom` and
    ///         `burnFrom`. This is zero by default.
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public override allowance;

    /// @notice Returns the current nonce for EIP2612 permission for the
    ///         provided token owner for a replay protection. Used to construct
    ///         EIP2612 signature provided to `permit` function.
    mapping(address => uint256) public override nonce;

    uint256 public immutable cachedChainId;
    bytes32 public immutable cachedDomainSeparator;

    /// @notice Returns EIP2612 Permit message hash. Used to construct EIP2612
    ///         signature provided to `permit` function.
    bytes32 public constant override PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256(
            "Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
        );

    /// @notice The amount of tokens in existence.
    uint256 public override totalSupply;

    /// @notice The name of the token.
    string public override name;

    /// @notice The symbol of the token.
    string public override symbol;

    /// @notice The decimals places of the token.
    uint8 public constant override decimals = 18;

    constructor(string memory _name, string memory _symbol) {
        name = _name;
        symbol = _symbol;

        cachedChainId = block.chainid;
        cachedDomainSeparator = buildDomainSeparator();
    }

    /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
    /// @return True if the operation succeeded, reverts otherwise.
    /// @dev Requirements:
    ///       - `recipient` cannot be the zero address,
    ///       - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount)
        external
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        _transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from `spender` to `recipient` using the
    ///         allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
    ///         allowance unless the allowance was made for `type(uint256).max`.
    /// @return True if the operation succeeded, reverts otherwise.
    /// @dev Requirements:
    ///      - `spender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address,
    ///      - `spender` must have a balance of at least `amount`,
    ///      - the caller must have allowance for `spender`'s tokens of at least
    ///        `amount`.
    function transferFrom(
        address spender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external override returns (bool) {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance[spender][msg.sender];
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(
                currentAllowance >= amount,
                "Transfer amount exceeds allowance"
            );
            _approve(spender, msg.sender, currentAllowance - amount);
        }
        _transfer(spender, recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /// @notice EIP2612 approval made with secp256k1 signature.
    ///         Users can authorize a transfer of their tokens with a signature
    ///         conforming EIP712 standard, rather than an on-chain transaction
    ///         from their address. Anyone can submit this signature on the
    ///         user's behalf by calling the permit function, paying gas fees,
    ///         and possibly performing other actions in the same transaction.
    /// @dev    The deadline argument can be set to `type(uint256).max to create
    ///         permits that effectively never expire.  If the `amount` is set
    ///         to `type(uint256).max` then `transferFrom` and `burnFrom` will
    ///         not reduce an allowance.
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external override {
        /* solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time */
        require(deadline >= block.timestamp, "Permission expired");

        // Validate `s` and `v` values for a malleability concern described in EIP2.
        // Only signatures with `s` value in the lower half of the secp256k1
        // curve's order and `v` value of 27 or 28 are considered valid.
        require(
            uint256(s) <=
                0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0,
            "Invalid signature 's' value"
        );
        require(v == 27 || v == 28, "Invalid signature 'v' value");

        bytes32 digest = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "\x19\x01",
                DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(),
                keccak256(
                    abi.encode(
                        PERMIT_TYPEHASH,
                        owner,
                        spender,
                        amount,
                        nonce[owner]++,
                        deadline
                    )
                )
            )
        );
        address recoveredAddress = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
        require(
            recoveredAddress != address(0) && recoveredAddress == owner,
            "Invalid signature"
        );
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`,
    ///         increasing the total supply.
    /// @dev Requirements:
    ///      - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
    function mint(address recipient, uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
        require(recipient != address(0), "Mint to the zero address");

        beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), recipient, amount);

        totalSupply += amount;
        balanceOf[recipient] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), recipient, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
    /// @dev Requirements:
    ///       - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
    function burn(uint256 amount) external override {
        _burn(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Destroys `amount` of tokens from `account` using the allowance
    ///         mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's allowance
    ///         unless the allowance was made for `type(uint256).max`.
    /// @dev Requirements:
    ///      - `account` must have a balance of at least `amount`,
    ///      - the caller must have allowance for `account`'s tokens of at least
    ///        `amount`.
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) external override {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance[account][msg.sender];
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(
                currentAllowance >= amount,
                "Burn amount exceeds allowance"
            );
            _approve(account, msg.sender, currentAllowance - amount);
        }
        _burn(account, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Calls `receiveApproval` function on spender previously approving
    ///         the spender to withdraw from the caller multiple times, up to
    ///         the `amount` amount. If this function is called again, it
    ///         overwrites the current allowance with `amount`. Reverts if the
    ///         approval reverted or if `receiveApproval` call on the spender
    ///         reverted.
    /// @return True if both approval and `receiveApproval` calls succeeded.
    /// @dev If the `amount` is set to `type(uint256).max` then
    ///      `transferFrom` and `burnFrom` will not reduce an allowance.
    function approveAndCall(
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes memory extraData
    ) external override returns (bool) {
        if (approve(spender, amount)) {
            IReceiveApproval(spender).receiveApproval(
                msg.sender,
                amount,
                address(this),
                extraData
            );
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /// @notice Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's
    ///         tokens.
    /// @return True if the operation succeeded.
    /// @dev If the `amount` is set to `type(uint256).max` then
    ///      `transferFrom` and `burnFrom` will not reduce an allowance.
    ///      Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
    ///      that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by
    ///      unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate
    ///      this race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0
    ///      and set the desired value afterwards:
    ///      https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount)
        public
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        _approve(msg.sender, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /// @notice Returns hash of EIP712 Domain struct with the token name as
    ///         a signing domain and token contract as a verifying contract.
    ///         Used to construct EIP2612 signature provided to `permit`
    ///         function.
    /* solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase */
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public view override returns (bytes32) {
        // As explained in EIP-2612, if the DOMAIN_SEPARATOR contains the
        // chainId and is defined at contract deployment instead of
        // reconstructed for every signature, there is a risk of possible replay
        // attacks between chains in the event of a future chain split.
        // To address this issue, we check the cached chain ID against the
        // current one and in case they are different, we build domain separator
        // from scratch.
        if (block.chainid == cachedChainId) {
            return cachedDomainSeparator;
        } else {
            return buildDomainSeparator();
        }
    }

    /// @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
    ///      minting and burning.
    ///
    /// Calling conditions:
    /// - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of `from`'s tokens
    ///   will be to transferred to `to`.
    /// - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
    /// - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
    /// - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
    // slither-disable-next-line dead-code
    function beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        uint256 currentBalance = balanceOf[account];
        require(currentBalance >= amount, "Burn amount exceeds balance");

        beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        balanceOf[account] = currentBalance - amount;
        totalSupply -= amount;
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    function _transfer(
        address spender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) private {
        require(spender != address(0), "Transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "Transfer to the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(this), "Transfer to the token address");

        beforeTokenTransfer(spender, recipient, amount);

        uint256 spenderBalance = balanceOf[spender];
        require(spenderBalance >= amount, "Transfer amount exceeds balance");
        balanceOf[spender] = spenderBalance - amount;
        balanceOf[recipient] += amount;
        emit Transfer(spender, recipient, amount);
    }

    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) private {
        require(owner != address(0), "Approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "Approve to the zero address");
        allowance[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    function buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    keccak256(
                        "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
                    ),
                    keccak256(bytes(name)),
                    keccak256(bytes("1")),
                    block.chainid,
                    address(this)
                )
            );
    }
}

// File: @thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/IApproveAndCall.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @notice An interface that should be implemented by tokens supporting
///         `approveAndCall`/`receiveApproval` pattern.
interface IApproveAndCall {
    /// @notice Executes `receiveApproval` function on spender as specified in
    ///         `IReceiveApproval` interface. Approves spender to withdraw from
    ///         the caller multiple times, up to the `amount`. If this
    ///         function is called again, it overwrites the current allowance
    ///         with `amount`. Reverts if the approval reverted or if
    ///         `receiveApproval` call on the spender reverted.
    function approveAndCall(
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes memory extraData
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/IERC20WithPermit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";

import "./IApproveAndCall.sol";

/// @title  IERC20WithPermit
/// @notice Burnable ERC20 token with EIP2612 permit functionality. User can
///         authorize a transfer of their token with a signature conforming
///         EIP712 standard instead of an on-chain transaction from their
///         address. Anyone can submit this signature on the user's behalf by
///         calling the permit function, as specified in EIP2612 standard,
///         paying gas fees, and possibly performing other actions in the same
///         transaction.
interface IERC20WithPermit is IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IApproveAndCall {
    /// @notice EIP2612 approval made with secp256k1 signature.
    ///         Users can authorize a transfer of their tokens with a signature
    ///         conforming EIP712 standard, rather than an on-chain transaction
    ///         from their address. Anyone can submit this signature on the
    ///         user's behalf by calling the permit function, paying gas fees,
    ///         and possibly performing other actions in the same transaction.
    /// @dev    The deadline argument can be set to `type(uint256).max to create
    ///         permits that effectively never expire.
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /// @notice Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
    function burn(uint256 amount) external;

    /// @notice Destroys `amount` of tokens from `account`, deducting the amount
    ///         from caller's allowance.
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) external;

    /// @notice Returns hash of EIP712 Domain struct with the token name as
    ///         a signing domain and token contract as a verifying contract.
    ///         Used to construct EIP2612 signature provided to `permit`
    ///         function.
    /* solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase */
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);

    /// @notice Returns the current nonce for EIP2612 permission for the
    ///         provided token owner for a replay protection. Used to construct
    ///         EIP2612 signature provided to `permit` function.
    function nonce(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Returns EIP2612 Permit message hash. Used to construct EIP2612
    ///         signature provided to `permit` function.
    /* solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase */
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/IReceiveApproval.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @notice An interface that should be implemented by contracts supporting
///         `approveAndCall`/`receiveApproval` pattern.
interface IReceiveApproval {
    /// @notice Receives approval to spend tokens. Called as a result of
    ///         `approveAndCall` call on the token.
    function receiveApproval(
        address from,
        uint256 amount,
        address token,
        bytes calldata extraData
    ) external;
}

// File: @thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/MisfundRecovery.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

/// @title  MisfundRecovery
/// @notice Allows the owner of the token contract extending MisfundRecovery
///         to recover any ERC20 and ERC721 sent mistakenly to the token
///         contract address.
contract MisfundRecovery is Ownable {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    function recoverERC20(
        IERC20 token,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyOwner {
        token.safeTransfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    function recoverERC721(
        IERC721 token,
        address recipient,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external onlyOwner {
        token.safeTransferFrom(address(this), recipient, tokenId, data);
    }
}

// File: contracts/bridge/VendingMachineV2.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

import "../token/TBTC.sol";

/// @title VendingMachineV2
/// @notice VendingMachineV2 is used to exchange tBTC v1 to tBTC v2 in a 1:1
///         ratio during the process of tBTC v1 bridge sunsetting. The redeemer
///         selected by the DAO based on the "TIP-027b tBTC v1: The Sunsetting"
///         proposal will deposit tBTC v2 tokens into VendingMachineV2 so that
///         outstanding tBTC v1 token owners can  upgrade to tBTC v2 tokens.
///         The redeemer will withdraw the tBTC v1 tokens deposited into the
///         contract to perform tBTC v1 redemptions.
///         The redeemer may decide to withdraw their deposited tBTC v2 at any
///         moment in time. The amount withdrawable is lower than the amount
///         deposited in case tBTC v1 was exchanged for tBTC v2.
///         This contract is owned by the redeemer.
contract VendingMachineV2 is Ownable {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using SafeERC20 for TBTC;

    IERC20 public immutable tbtcV1;
    TBTC public immutable tbtcV2;

    event Exchanged(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
    event Deposited(address from, uint256 amount);
    event Withdrawn(address token, address to, uint256 amount);

    constructor(IERC20 _tbtcV1, TBTC _tbtcV2) {
        tbtcV1 = _tbtcV1;
        tbtcV2 = _tbtcV2;
    }

    /// @notice Exchange tBTC v1 for tBTC v2 in a 1:1 ratio.
    ///         The caller needs to have at least `amount` of tBTC v1 balance
    ///         approved for transfer to the `VendingMachineV2` before calling
    ///         this function.
    /// @param amount The amount of tBTC v1 to exchange for tBTC v2.
    function exchange(uint256 amount) external {
        _exchange(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Exchange tBTC v1 for tBTC v2 in a 1:1 ratio.
    ///         The caller needs to have at least `amount` of tBTC v1 balance
    ///         approved for transfer to the `VendingMachineV2` before calling
    ///         this function.
    /// @dev This function is a shortcut for `approve` + `exchange`. Only tBTC
    ///      v1 token caller is allowed and only tBTC v1 is allowed as a token
    ///      to transfer.
    /// @param from tBTC v1 token holder exchanging tBTC v1 to tBTC v2.
    /// @param amount The amount of tBTC v1 to exchange for tBTC v2.
    /// @param token tBTC v1 token address.
    function receiveApproval(
        address from,
        uint256 amount,
        address token,
        bytes calldata
    ) external {
        require(token == address(tbtcV1), "Token is not tBTC v1");
        require(msg.sender == address(tbtcV1), "Only tBTC v1 caller allowed");
        _exchange(from, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Allows to deposit tBTC v2 tokens to the contract.
    ///         VendingMachineV2 can not mint tBTC v2 tokens so tBTC v2 needs
    ///         to be deposited into the contract so that tBTC v1 to tBTC v2
    ///         exchange can happen.
    ///         The caller needs to have at least `amount` of tBTC v2 balance
    ///         approved for transfer to the `VendingMachineV2` before calling
    ///         this function.
    /// @dev This function is for the redeemer and tBTC v1 operators. This is
    ///      NOT a function for tBTC v1 token holders.
    /// @param amount The amount of tBTC v2 to deposit into the contract.
    function depositTbtcV2(uint256 amount) external {
        emit Deposited(msg.sender, amount);
        tbtcV2.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
    }

    /// @notice Allows the contract owner to withdraw tokens. This function is
    ///         used in two cases: 1) when the redeemer wants to redeem tBTC v1
    ///         tokens to perform tBTC v2 redemptions; 2) when the deadline for
    ///         tBTC v1 -> tBTC v2 exchange passed and the redeemer wants their
    ///         tBTC v2 back.
    /// @dev This function is for the redeemer. This is NOT a function for
    ///      tBTC v1 token holders.
    /// @param token The address of a token to withdraw.
    /// @param recipient The address which should receive withdrawn tokens.
    /// @param amount The amount to withdraw.
    function withdrawFunds(
        IERC20 token,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyOwner {
        emit Withdrawn(address(token), recipient, amount);
        token.safeTransfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    function _exchange(address tokenOwner, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(
            tbtcV2.balanceOf(address(this)) >= amount,
            "Not enough tBTC v2 available in the Vending Machine"
        );

        emit Exchanged(tokenOwner, amount);
        tbtcV1.safeTransferFrom(tokenOwner, address(this), amount);

        tbtcV2.safeTransfer(tokenOwner, amount);
    }
}

// File: contracts/token/TBTC.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import "@thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20WithPermit.sol";
import "@thesis/solidity-contracts/contracts/token/MisfundRecovery.sol";

contract TBTC is ERC20WithPermit, MisfundRecovery {
    constructor() ERC20WithPermit("tBTC v2", "tBTC") {}
}