// File: contracts/BlackWavesPassNFT.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

/**
                               _
     /\                       | |
    /  \   _ __ ___   __ _  __| | ___ _   _ ___
   / /\ \ | '_ ` _ \ / _` |/ _` |/ _ | | | / __|
  / ____ \| | | | | | (_| | (_| |  __| |_| \__ \
 /_/    \_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|\__,_|\___|\__,_|___/

 @powered by: amadeus-nft.io
*/

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "./ERC721A.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32 leaf
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merklee tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            bytes32 proofElement = proof[i];
            if (computedHash <= proofElement) {
                // Hash(current computed hash + current element of the proof)
                computedHash = _efficientHash(computedHash, proofElement);
            } else {
                // Hash(current element of the proof + current computed hash)
                computedHash = _efficientHash(proofElement, computedHash);
            }
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}

contract BlackWavesPassNFT is Ownable, ERC721A, ReentrancyGuard {
    constructor(
    ) ERC721A("Black Waves Pass NFT", "BWP") {}

    uint256 public collectionSize = 1005;

    modifier callerIsUser() {
        require(tx.origin == msg.sender, "The caller is another contract");
        _;
    }

    // For marketing etc.
    function reserveMintBatch(uint256[] calldata quantities, address[] calldata tos) external onlyOwner {
        for(uint256 i = 0; i < quantities.length; i++){
            require(
                totalSupply() + quantities[i] <= collectionSize,
                "Too many already minted before dev mint."
            );
            _safeMint(tos[i], quantities[i]);
        }
    }

    // metadata URI
    string private _baseTokenURI;

    function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _baseTokenURI;
    }

    function setBaseURI(string calldata baseURI) external onlyOwner {
        _baseTokenURI = baseURI;
    }

    function withdrawMoney() external onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        address amadeusAddress = address(0x718a7438297Ac14382F25802bb18422A4DadD31b);
        uint256 royaltyForAmadeus = address(this).balance / 100 * 10;
        uint256 remain = address(this).balance - royaltyForAmadeus;
        (bool success, ) = amadeusAddress.call{value: royaltyForAmadeus}("");
        require(success, "Transfer failed.");
        (success, ) = msg.sender.call{value: remain}("");
        require(success, "Transfer failed.");
    }

    function numberMinted(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _numberMinted(owner);
    }

    function getOwnershipData(uint256 tokenId)
    external
    view
    returns (TokenOwnership memory)
    {
        return _ownershipOf(tokenId);
    }

    function refundIfOver(uint256 price) private {
        require(msg.value >= price, "Need to send more ETH.");
        if (msg.value > price) {
            payable(msg.sender).transfer(msg.value - price);
        }
    }
    // allowList mint
    uint256 public allowListMintPrice = 0.000000 ether;
    // default false
    bool public allowListStatus = false;
    uint256 public amountForAllowList = 5;
    uint256 public immutable maxPerAddressDuringMint = 5;

    bytes32 private merkleRoot;

    mapping(address => bool) public allowListAppeared;
    mapping(address => uint256) public allowListStock;

    function allowListMint(uint256 quantity, bytes32[] memory proof) external payable {
        require(allowListStatus, "not begun");
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= collectionSize, "reached max supply");
        require(amountForAllowList >= quantity, "reached max amount");
        require(isInAllowList(msg.sender, proof), "Invalid Merkle Proof.");
        if(!allowListAppeared[msg.sender]){
            allowListAppeared[msg.sender] = true;
            allowListStock[msg.sender] = maxPerAddressDuringMint;
        }
        require(allowListStock[msg.sender] >= quantity, "reached amount per address");
        allowListStock[msg.sender] -= quantity;
        _safeMint(msg.sender, quantity);
        amountForAllowList -= quantity;
        refundIfOver(allowListMintPrice*quantity);
    }

    function setRoot(bytes32 root) external onlyOwner{
        merkleRoot = root;
    }

    function setAllowListStatus(bool status) external onlyOwner {
        allowListStatus = status;
    }

    function isInAllowList(address addr, bytes32[] memory proof) public view returns(bool) {
        bytes32 leaf = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(addr));
        return MerkleProof.verify(proof, merkleRoot, leaf);
    }

    //public sale
    function getPublicSalePrice(uint256 offset) public view returns(uint256){
        if (1000 < 500 + amountForPublicSale - offset){
            return 0.000000 ether;
        }
        return 0.003000 ether;
    }
    function getPublicSalePriceTotal(uint256 quantity) public view returns(uint256){
        uint256 totalPrice = 0;
        for(uint256 i = 0;i < quantity;i++){
            totalPrice += getPublicSalePrice(i);
        }
        return totalPrice;
    }
    bool public publicSaleStatus = false;
    uint256 public amountForPublicSale = 1000;
    // per mint public sale limitation
    uint256 public immutable publicSalePerMint = 2;

    function publicSaleMint(uint256 quantity) external payable callerIsUser{
        require(
        publicSaleStatus,
        "not begun"
        );
        require(
        totalSupply() + quantity <= collectionSize,
        "reached max supply"
        );
        require(
        amountForPublicSale >= quantity,
        "reached max amount"
        );

        require(
        quantity <= publicSalePerMint,
        "reached max amount per mint"
        );

        _safeMint(msg.sender, quantity);
        refundIfOver(getPublicSalePriceTotal(quantity));
        amountForPublicSale -= quantity;
    }

    function setPublicSaleStatus(bool status) external onlyOwner {
        publicSaleStatus = status;
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: contracts/ERC721A.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import './IERC721A.sol';

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721 token receiver.
 */
interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
  function onERC721Received(
    address operator,
    address from,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external returns (bytes4);
}

/**
 * @title ERC721A
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the [ERC721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721)
 * Non-Fungible Token Standard, including the Metadata extension.
 * Optimized for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Token IDs are minted in sequential order (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
 * starting from `_startTokenId()`.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *
 * - An owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 * - The maximum token ID cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
  // Reference type for token approval.
  struct TokenApprovalRef {
    address value;
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                           CONSTANTS
  // =============================================================

  // Mask of an entry in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;

  // The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;

  // The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;

  // The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_AUX = 192;

  // Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;

  // The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;

  // The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;

  // The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;

  // The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;

  // The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;

  // Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;

  // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
  uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;

  // The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with {_mintERC2309}.
  // This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
  // For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to {_mintERC2309}
  // is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
  uint256 private constant _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;

  // The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
  // `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
  bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
  0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;

  // =============================================================
  //                            STORAGE
  // =============================================================

  // The next token ID to be minted.
  uint256 private _currentIndex;

  // The number of tokens burned.
  uint256 private _burnCounter;

  // Token name
  string private _name;

  // Token symbol
  string private _symbol;

  // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
  // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
  // See {_packedOwnershipOf} implementation for details.
  //
  // Bits Layout:
  // - [0..159]   `addr`
  // - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
  // - [224]      `burned`
  // - [225]      `nextInitialized`
  // - [232..255] `extraData`
  mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;

  // Mapping owner address to address data.
  //
  // Bits Layout:
  // - [0..63]    `balance`
  // - [64..127]  `numberMinted`
  // - [128..191] `numberBurned`
  // - [192..255] `aux`
  mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;

  // Mapping from token ID to approved address.
  mapping(uint256 => TokenApprovalRef) private _tokenApprovals;

  // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
  mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

  // =============================================================
  //                          CONSTRUCTOR
  // =============================================================

  constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
    _name = name_;
    _symbol = symbol_;
    _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                   TOKEN COUNTING OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns the starting token ID.
     * To change the starting token ID, please override this function.
     */
  function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
     */
  function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return _currentIndex;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
  function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
    // Counter underflow is impossible as _burnCounter cannot be incremented
    // more than `_currentIndex - _startTokenId()` times.
  unchecked {
    return _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
  }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
     */
  function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    // Counter underflow is impossible as `_currentIndex` does not decrement,
    // and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`.
  unchecked {
    return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
  }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
     */
  function _totalBurned() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return _burnCounter;
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                    ADDRESS DATA OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
  function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
    if (owner == address(0)) revert BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
    return _packedAddressData[owner] & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
   */
  function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
    return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
   */
  function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
    return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
   */
  function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
    return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_AUX);
  }

  /**
   * Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
   * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
   */
  function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal virtual {
    uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
    uint256 auxCasted;
    // Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
    assembly {
      auxCasted := aux
    }
    packed = (packed & _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << _BITPOS_AUX);
    _packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                            IERC165
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
    // The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes
    // of the XOR of all function selectors in the interface.
    // See: [ERC165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)
    // (e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`)
    return
    interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
    interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
    interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                        IERC721Metadata
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
  function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return _name;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
  function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return _symbol;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

    string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
    return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId))) : '';
  }

  /**
   * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
  function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
    return '';
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                     OWNERSHIPS OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
  function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
    return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
  }

  /**
   * @dev Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
     * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around over time.
     */
  function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
    return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
     */
  function _ownershipAt(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
    return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
     */
  function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal virtual {
    if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
      _packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
   */
  function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256) {
    uint256 curr = tokenId;

  unchecked {
    if (_startTokenId() <= curr)
      if (curr < _currentIndex) {
        uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[curr];
        // If not burned.
        if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) {
          // Invariant:
          // There will always be an initialized ownership slot
          // (i.e. `ownership.addr != address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
          // before an unintialized ownership slot
          // (i.e. `ownership.addr == address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
          // Hence, `curr` will not underflow.
          //
          // We can directly compare the packed value.
          // If the address is zero, packed will be zero.
          while (packed == 0) {
            packed = _packedOwnerships[--curr];
          }
          return packed;
        }
      }
  }
    revert OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
     */
  function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed) private pure returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership) {
    ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
    ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
    ownership.burned = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
    ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
     */
  function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags) private view returns (uint256 result) {
    assembly {
    // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
    // `owner | (block.timestamp << _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
      result := or(owner, or(shl(_BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
     */
  function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity) private pure returns (uint256 result) {
    // For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
    assembly {
    // `(quantity == 1) << _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
      result := shl(_BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
    }
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                      APPROVAL OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
  function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
    address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);

    if (_msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
      if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
        revert ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
      }

    _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value = to;
    emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
  function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

    return _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
  function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
    if (operator == _msgSenderERC721A()) revert ApproveToCaller();

    _operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
    emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
  function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
    return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted. See {_mint}.
     */
  function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
    return
    _startTokenId() <= tokenId &&
    tokenId < _currentIndex && // If within bounds,
    _packedOwnerships[tokenId] & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0; // and not burned.
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether `msgSender` is equal to `approvedAddress` or `owner`.
     */
  function _isSenderApprovedOrOwner(
    address approvedAddress,
    address owner,
    address msgSender
  ) private pure returns (bool result) {
    assembly {
    // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
    // Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      msgSender := and(msgSender, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
    // `msgSender == owner || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
      result := or(eq(msgSender, owner), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
     */
  function _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(uint256 tokenId)
  private
  view
  returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
  {
    TokenApprovalRef storage tokenApproval = _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    // The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
    assembly {
      approvedAddressSlot := tokenApproval.slot
      approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
    }
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                      TRANSFER OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

    if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from) revert TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

    (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

    // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
    if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
      if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    if (to == address(0)) revert TransferToZeroAddress();

    _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

    // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
    assembly {
      if approvedAddress {
      // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
        sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
      }
    }

    // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
    // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
    // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
  unchecked {
    // We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
    --_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
    ++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.

    // Updates:
    // - `address` to the next owner.
    // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
    // - `burned` to `false`.
    // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
    _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
      to,
      _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
    );

    // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
    if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
      uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
      // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
      if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
        // If the next slot is within bounds.
        if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
          // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
          _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
        }
      }
    }
  }

    emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
  }

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) public virtual override {
    transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    if (to.code.length != 0)
      if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
      }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called before burning one token.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
  function _beforeTokenTransfers(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 startTokenId,
    uint256 quantity
  ) internal virtual {}

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * have been transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called after one token has been burned.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
  function _afterTokenTransfers(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 startTokenId,
    uint256 quantity
  ) internal virtual {}

  /**
   * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
     *
     * `from` - Previous owner of the given token ID.
     * `to` - Target address that will receive the token.
     * `tokenId` - Token ID to be transferred.
     * `_data` - Optional data to send along with the call.
     *
     * Returns whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value.
     */
  function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) private returns (bool) {
    try ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSenderERC721A(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (
      bytes4 retval
    ) {
      return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
    } catch (bytes memory reason) {
      if (reason.length == 0) {
        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
      } else {
        assembly {
          revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                        MINT OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
  function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
    uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
    if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();

    _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

    // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
    // `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
    // `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
  unchecked {
    // Updates:
    // - `balance += quantity`.
    // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
    //
    // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
    _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

    // Updates:
    // - `address` to the owner.
    // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
    // - `burned` to `false`.
    // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
    _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
      to,
      _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
    );

    uint256 toMasked;
    uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;

    // Use assembly to loop and emit the `Transfer` event for gas savings.
    assembly {
    // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      toMasked := and(to, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
    // Emit the `Transfer` event.
      log4(
      0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
      0, // End of data (0, since no data).
      _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
      0, // `address(0)`.
      toMasked, // `to`.
      startTokenId // `tokenId`.
      )

      for {
        let tokenId := add(startTokenId, 1)
      } iszero(eq(tokenId, end)) {
        tokenId := add(tokenId, 1)
      } {
      // Emit the `Transfer` event. Similar to above.
        log4(0, 0, _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, toMasked, tokenId)
      }
    }
    if (toMasked == 0) revert MintToZeroAddress();

    _currentIndex = end;
  }
    _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
     *
     * It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
     * instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
     *
     * Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
     * non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
     * For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
     * {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
     */
  function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
    uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
    if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
    if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();
    if (quantity > _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT) revert MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

    _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

    // Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
  unchecked {
    // Updates:
    // - `balance += quantity`.
    // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
    //
    // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
    _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

    // Updates:
    // - `address` to the owner.
    // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
    // - `burned` to `false`.
    // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
    _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
      to,
      _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
    );

    emit ConsecutiveTransfer(startTokenId, startTokenId + quantity - 1, address(0), to);

    _currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
  }
    _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * See {_mint}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
  function _safeMint(
    address to,
    uint256 quantity,
    bytes memory _data
  ) internal virtual {
    _mint(to, quantity);

  unchecked {
    if (to.code.length != 0) {
      uint256 end = _currentIndex;
      uint256 index = end - quantity;
      do {
        if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
          revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
        }
      } while (index < end);
      // Reentrancy protection.
      if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
    }
  }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
     */
  function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
    _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                        BURN OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
     */
  function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
    _burn(tokenId, false);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
  function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

    address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));

    (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

    if (approvalCheck) {
      // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
      if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
        if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
    }

    _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

    // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
    assembly {
      if approvedAddress {
      // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
        sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
      }
    }

    // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
    // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
    // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
  unchecked {
    // Updates:
    // - `balance -= 1`.
    // - `numberBurned += 1`.
    //
    // We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
    // This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
    _packedAddressData[from] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;

    // Updates:
    // - `address` to the last owner.
    // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
    // - `burned` to `true`.
    // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
    _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
      from,
      (_BITMASK_BURNED | _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) | _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
    );

    // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
    if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
      uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
      // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
      if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
        // If the next slot is within bounds.
        if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
          // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
          _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
        }
      }
    }
  }

    emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
    _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

    // Overflow not possible, as _burnCounter cannot be exceed _currentIndex times.
  unchecked {
    _burnCounter++;
  }
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                     EXTRA DATA OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
     */
  function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal virtual {
    uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
    if (packed == 0) revert OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
    uint256 extraDataCasted;
    // Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
    assembly {
      extraDataCasted := extraData
    }
    packed = (packed & _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) | (extraDataCasted << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    _packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
     * Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
     *
     * `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
  function _extraData(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint24 previousExtraData
  ) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}

  /**
   * @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
     * The returned result is shifted into position.
     */
  function _nextExtraData(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
  ) private view returns (uint256) {
    uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
  }

  // =============================================================
  //                       OTHER OPERATIONS
  // =============================================================

  /**
   * @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
     *
     * If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
     */
  function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
    return msg.sender;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Converts a uint256 to its ASCII string decimal representation.
     */
  function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure virtual returns (string memory ptr) {
    assembly {
    // The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit),
    // but we allocate 128 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aliged.
    // We will need 1 32-byte word to store the length,
    // and 3 32-byte words to store a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 32 + 3 * 32 = 128.
      ptr := add(mload(0x40), 128)
    // Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
      mstore(0x40, ptr)

    // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
      let end := ptr

    // We write the string from the rightmost digit to the leftmost digit.
    // The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
    // Costs a bit more than early returning for the zero case,
    // but cheaper in terms of deployment and overall runtime costs.
      for {
      // Initialize and perform the first pass without check.
        let temp := value
      // Move the pointer 1 byte leftwards to point to an empty character slot.
        ptr := sub(ptr, 1)
      // Write the character to the pointer.
      // The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
        mstore8(ptr, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
        temp := div(temp, 10)
      } temp {
      // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
        temp := div(temp, 10)
      } {
      // Body of the for loop.
        ptr := sub(ptr, 1)
        mstore8(ptr, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
      }

      let length := sub(end, ptr)
    // Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
      ptr := sub(ptr, 32)
    // Store the length.
      mstore(ptr, length)
    }
  }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: contracts/IERC721A.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721A.
 */
interface IERC721A {
    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller cannot approve to their own address.
     */
    error ApproveToCaller();

    /**
     * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
     */
    error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();

    /**
     * Cannot mint to the zero address.
     */
    error MintToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
     */
    error MintZeroQuantity();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token must be owned by `from`.
     */
    error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

    /**
     * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the
     * ERC721Receiver interface.
     */
    error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();

    /**
     * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
     */
    error TransferToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
     */
    error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

    /**
     * The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
     */
    error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();

    // =============================================================
    //                            STRUCTS
    // =============================================================

    struct TokenOwnership {
        // The address of the owner.
        address addr;
        // Stores the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 startTimestamp;
        // Whether the token has been burned.
        bool burned;
        // Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set via {_extraData}.
        uint24 extraData;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                         TOKEN COUNTERS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC165
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC721
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables
     * (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`,
     * checking first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol
     * to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move
     * this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom}
     * whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                        IERC721Metadata
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

    // =============================================================
    //                           IERC2309
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId`
     * (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`, as defined in the
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309) standard.
     *
     * See {_mintERC2309} for more details.
     */
    event ConsecutiveTransfer(uint256 indexed fromTokenId, uint256 toTokenId, address indexed from, address indexed to);
}