// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.11;

interface IERC721A {
  /**
   * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
   */
  error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
  /**
   * The token does not exist.
   */
  error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();
  /**
   * The caller cannot approve to their own address.
   */
  error ApproveToCaller();
  /**
   * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
   */
  error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
  /**
   * Cannot mint to the zero address.
   */
  error MintToZeroAddress();
  /**
   * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
   */
  error MintZeroQuantity();
  /**
   * The token does not exist.
   */
  error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
  /**
   * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
   */
  error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
  /**
   * The token must be owned by `from`.
   */
  error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();
  /**
   * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the ERC721Receiver interface.
   */
  error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
  /**
   * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
   */
  error TransferToZeroAddress();
  /**
   * The token does not exist.
   */
  error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
  /**
   * The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
   */
  error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();
  /**
   * The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
   */
  error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
  struct TokenOwnership {
    // The address of the owner.
    address addr;
    // Keeps track of the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
    uint64 startTimestamp;
    // Whether the token has been burned.
    bool burned;
    // Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set through `_extraData`.
    uint24 extraData;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
   *
   * Burned tokens are calculated here, use `_totalMinted()` if you want to count just minted tokens.
   */
  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

  // ==============================
  //            IERC165
  // ==============================
  /**
   * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
   * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
   * to learn more about how these ids are created.
   *
   * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
   */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);

  // ==============================
  //            IERC721
  // ==============================
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
   */
  event Transfer(
    address indexed from,
    address indexed to,
    uint256 indexed tokenId
  );
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
   */
  event Approval(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed approved,
    uint256 indexed tokenId
  );
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
   */
  event ApprovalForAll(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed operator,
    bool approved
  );

  /**
   * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
   */
  function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   */
  function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
   * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
   *
   * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
   * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
   *
   * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event.
   */
  function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

  /**
   * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
   * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
   *
   * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
   */
  function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

  /**
   * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   */
  function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
    external
    view
    returns (address operator);

  /**
   * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
   *
   * See {setApprovalForAll}
   */
  function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
    external
    view
    returns (bool);

  // ==============================
  //        IERC721Metadata
  // ==============================
  /**
   * @dev Returns the token collection name.
   */
  function name() external view returns (string memory);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
   */
  function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
   */
  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

  // ==============================
  //            IERC2309
  // ==============================
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId` (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`,
   * as defined in the ERC2309 standard. See `_mintERC2309` for more details.
   */
  event ConsecutiveTransfer(
    uint256 indexed fromTokenId,
    uint256 toTokenId,
    address indexed from,
    address indexed to
  );
}

interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
  function onERC721Received(
    address operator,
    address from,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external returns (bytes4);
}

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard,
 * including the Metadata extension. Built to optimize for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Assumes serials are sequentially minted starting at `_startTokenId()`
 * (defaults to 0, e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3..).
 *
 * Assumes that an owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 *
 * Assumes that the maximum token id cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
  // Mask of an entry in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;
  // The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;
  // The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;
  // The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_AUX = 192;
  // Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;
  // The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;
  // The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;
  // The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;
  // The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;
  // The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
  uint256 private constant BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;
  // Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;
  // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
  uint256 private constant BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;
  // The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with `_mintERC2309`.
  // This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
  // For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to `_mintERC2309`
  // is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
  uint256 private constant MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;
  // The tokenId of the next token to be minted.
  uint256 private _currentIndex;
  // The number of tokens burned.
  uint256 private _burnCounter;
  // Token name
  string private _name;
  // Token symbol
  string private _symbol;
  // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
  // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
  // See `_packedOwnershipOf` implementation for details.
  //
  // Bits Layout:
  // - [0..159]   `addr`
  // - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
  // - [224]      `burned`
  // - [225]      `nextInitialized`
  // - [232..255] `extraData`
  mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;
  // Mapping owner address to address data.
  //
  // Bits Layout:
  // - [0..63]    `balance`
  // - [64..127]  `numberMinted`
  // - [128..191] `numberBurned`
  // - [192..255] `aux`
  mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;
  // Mapping from token ID to approved address.
  mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;
  // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
  mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

  constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
    _name = name_;
    _symbol = symbol_;
    _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the starting token ID.
   * To change the starting token ID, please override this function.
   */
  function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
   */
  function _nextTokenId() internal view returns (uint256) {
    return _currentIndex;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
   * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
   * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see `_totalMinted`.
   */
  function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
    // Counter underflow is impossible as _burnCounter cannot be incremented
    // more than `_currentIndex - _startTokenId()` times.
    unchecked {
      return _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
   */
  function _totalMinted() internal view returns (uint256) {
    // Counter underflow is impossible as _currentIndex does not decrement,
    // and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`
    unchecked {
      return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
   */
  function _totalBurned() internal view returns (uint256) {
    return _burnCounter;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
   */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    // The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes of the XOR of
    // all function selectors in the interface. See: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165
    // e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`
    return
      interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
      interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
      interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
   */
  function balanceOf(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
    if (owner == address(0)) revert BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
    return _packedAddressData[owner] & BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
   */
  function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
    return
      (_packedAddressData[owner] >> BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) &
      BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
   */
  function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
    return
      (_packedAddressData[owner] >> BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) &
      BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
   */
  function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
    return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> BITPOS_AUX);
  }

  /**
   * Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
   * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
   */
  function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal {
    uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
    uint256 auxCasted;
    // Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
    assembly {
      auxCasted := aux
    }
    packed = (packed & BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << BITPOS_AUX);
    _packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
   */
  function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256) {
    uint256 curr = tokenId;
    unchecked {
      if (_startTokenId() <= curr)
        if (curr < _currentIndex) {
          uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[curr];
          // If not burned.
          if (packed & BITMASK_BURNED == 0) {
            // Invariant:
            // There will always be an ownership that has an address and is not burned
            // before an ownership that does not have an address and is not burned.
            // Hence, curr will not underflow.
            //
            // We can directly compare the packed value.
            // If the address is zero, packed is zero.
            while (packed == 0) {
              packed = _packedOwnerships[--curr];
            }
            return packed;
          }
        }
    }
    revert OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
   */
  function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed)
    private
    pure
    returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership)
  {
    ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
    ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
    ownership.burned = packed & BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
    ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
   */
  function _ownershipAt(uint256 index)
    internal
    view
    returns (TokenOwnership memory)
  {
    return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
   */
  function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal {
    if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
      _packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
   * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around in the collection over time.
   */
  function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId)
    internal
    view
    returns (TokenOwnership memory)
  {
    return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
  }

  /**
   * @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
   */
  function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags)
    private
    view
    returns (uint256 result)
  {
    assembly {
      // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      owner := and(owner, BITMASK_ADDRESS)
      // `owner | (block.timestamp << BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
      result := or(owner, or(shl(BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
   */
  function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
    return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
   */
  function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return _name;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
   */
  function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return _symbol;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
   */
  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (string memory)
  {
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
    string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
    return
      bytes(baseURI).length != 0
        ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId)))
        : "";
  }

  /**
   * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
   * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
   * by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
   */
  function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
    return "";
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
   */
  function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity)
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256 result)
  {
    // For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
    assembly {
      // `(quantity == 1) << BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
      result := shl(BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
   */
  function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public override {
    address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
    if (_msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
      if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
        revert ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
      }
    _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
    emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
   */
  function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();
    return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
   */
  function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved)
    public
    virtual
    override
  {
    if (operator == _msgSenderERC721A()) revert ApproveToCaller();
    _operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
    emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
   */
  function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) public virtual override {
    transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    if (to.code.length != 0)
      if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
      }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
   *
   * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   *
   * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
   */
  function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (bool) {
    return
      _startTokenId() <= tokenId &&
      tokenId < _currentIndex && // If within bounds,
      _packedOwnerships[tokenId] & BITMASK_BURNED == 0; // and not burned.
  }

  /**
   * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
   */
  function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
    _safeMint(to, quantity, "");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
   *   {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
   * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
   *
   * See {_mint}.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
   */
  function _safeMint(
    address to,
    uint256 quantity,
    bytes memory _data
  ) internal {
    _mint(to, quantity);
    unchecked {
      if (to.code.length != 0) {
        uint256 end = _currentIndex;
        uint256 index = end - quantity;
        do {
          if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
            revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
          }
        } while (index < end);
        // Reentrancy protection.
        if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
   */
  function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
    uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
    if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
    if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();
    _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
    // `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
    // `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
    unchecked {
      // Updates:
      // - `balance += quantity`.
      // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
      //
      // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
      _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);
      // Updates:
      // - `address` to the owner.
      // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
      // - `burned` to `false`.
      // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
      _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
        to,
        _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
      );
      uint256 tokenId = startTokenId;
      uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;
      do {
        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId++);
      } while (tokenId < end);
      _currentIndex = end;
    }
    _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
   *
   * This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
   *
   * It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
   * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
   * instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
   *
   * Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
   * non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
   * For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
   * {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
   *
   * Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
   */
  function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
    uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
    if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
    if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();
    if (quantity > MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT)
      revert MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();
    _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    // Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
    unchecked {
      // Updates:
      // - `balance += quantity`.
      // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
      //
      // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
      _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);
      // Updates:
      // - `address` to the owner.
      // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
      // - `burned` to `false`.
      // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
      _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
        to,
        _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
      );
      emit ConsecutiveTransfer(
        startTokenId,
        startTokenId + quantity - 1,
        address(0),
        to
      );
      _currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
    }
    _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
   */
  function _getApprovedAddress(uint256 tokenId)
    private
    view
    returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
  {
    mapping(uint256 => address) storage tokenApprovalsPtr = _tokenApprovals;
    // The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
    assembly {
      // Compute the slot.
      mstore(0x00, tokenId)
      mstore(0x20, tokenApprovalsPtr.slot)
      approvedAddressSlot := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
      // Load the slot's value from storage.
      approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether the `approvedAddress` is equals to `from` or `msgSender`.
   */
  function _isOwnerOrApproved(
    address approvedAddress,
    address from,
    address msgSender
  ) private pure returns (bool result) {
    assembly {
      // Mask `from` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      from := and(from, BITMASK_ADDRESS)
      // Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
      msgSender := and(msgSender, BITMASK_ADDRESS)
      // `msgSender == from || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
      result := or(eq(msgSender, from), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);
    if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from)
      revert TransferFromIncorrectOwner();
    (
      uint256 approvedAddressSlot,
      address approvedAddress
    ) = _getApprovedAddress(tokenId);
    // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
    if (!_isOwnerOrApproved(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
      if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
        revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
    if (to == address(0)) revert TransferToZeroAddress();
    _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
    assembly {
      if approvedAddress {
        // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
        sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
      }
    }
    // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
    // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
    // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as tokenId would have to be 2**256.
    unchecked {
      // We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
      --_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
      ++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.
      // Updates:
      // - `address` to the next owner.
      // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
      // - `burned` to `false`.
      // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
      _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
        to,
        BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
      );
      // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
      if (prevOwnershipPacked & BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
        uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
        // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
        if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
          // If the next slot is within bounds.
          if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
            // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
            _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
   */
  function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
    _burn(tokenId, false);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
   * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);
    address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));
    (
      uint256 approvedAddressSlot,
      address approvedAddress
    ) = _getApprovedAddress(tokenId);
    if (approvalCheck) {
      // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
      if (!_isOwnerOrApproved(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
        if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
          revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
    }
    _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
    assembly {
      if approvedAddress {
        // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
        sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
      }
    }
    // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
    // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
    // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
    unchecked {
      // Updates:
      // - `balance -= 1`.
      // - `numberBurned += 1`.
      //
      // We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
      // This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
      _packedAddressData[from] += (1 << BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;
      // Updates:
      // - `address` to the last owner.
      // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
      // - `burned` to `true`.
      // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
      _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
        from,
        (BITMASK_BURNED | BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) |
          _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
      );
      // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
      if (prevOwnershipPacked & BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
        uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
        // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
        if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
          // If the next slot is within bounds.
          if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
            // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
            _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
    _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    // Overflow not possible, as _burnCounter cannot be exceed _currentIndex times.
    unchecked {
      _burnCounter++;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
   *
   * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
   * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
   * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
   * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
   * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
   */
  function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) private returns (bool) {
    try
      ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(
        _msgSenderERC721A(),
        from,
        tokenId,
        _data
      )
    returns (bytes4 retval) {
      return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
    } catch (bytes memory reason) {
      if (reason.length == 0) {
        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
      } else {
        assembly {
          revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
   */
  function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal {
    uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
    if (packed == 0) revert OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
    uint256 extraDataCasted;
    // Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
    assembly {
      extraDataCasted := extraData
    }
    packed =
      (packed & BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) |
      (extraDataCasted << BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    _packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
   * The returned result is shifted into position.
   */
  function _nextExtraData(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
  ) private view returns (uint256) {
    uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
   * Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
   *
   * `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
   *
   * Calling conditions:
   *
   * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
   * transferred to `to`.
   * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
   * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
   * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
   */
  function _extraData(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint24 previousExtraData
  ) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token ids are about to be transferred.
   * This includes minting.
   * And also called before burning one token.
   *
   * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
   * quantity - the amount to be transferred
   *
   * Calling conditions:
   *
   * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
   * transferred to `to`.
   * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
   * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
   * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
   */
  function _beforeTokenTransfers(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 startTokenId,
    uint256 quantity
  ) internal virtual {}

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token ids have been transferred.
   * This includes minting.
   * And also called after one token has been burned.
   *
   * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
   * quantity - the amount to be transferred
   *
   * Calling conditions:
   *
   * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
   * transferred to `to`.
   * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
   * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
   * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
   */
  function _afterTokenTransfers(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 startTokenId,
    uint256 quantity
  ) internal virtual {}

  /**
   * @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
   *
   * If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
   */
  function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
    return msg.sender;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
   */
  function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory ptr) {
    assembly {
      // The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit),
      // but we allocate 128 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aliged.
      // We will need 1 32-byte word to store the length,
      // and 3 32-byte words to store a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 32 + 3 * 32 = 128.
      ptr := add(mload(0x40), 128)
      // Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
      mstore(0x40, ptr)
      // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
      let end := ptr
      // We write the string from the rightmost digit to the leftmost digit.
      // The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
      // Costs a bit more than early returning for the zero case,
      // but cheaper in terms of deployment and overall runtime costs.
      for {
        // Initialize and perform the first pass without check.
        let temp := value
        // Move the pointer 1 byte leftwards to point to an empty character slot.
        ptr := sub(ptr, 1)
        // Write the character to the pointer. 48 is the ASCII index of '0'.
        mstore8(ptr, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
        temp := div(temp, 10)
      } temp {
        // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
        temp := div(temp, 10)
      } {
        // Body of the for loop.
        ptr := sub(ptr, 1)
        mstore8(ptr, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
      }
      let length := sub(end, ptr)
      // Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
      ptr := sub(ptr, 32)
      // Store the length.
      mstore(ptr, length)
    }
  }
}

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
  /**
   * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
   * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
   *
   * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
   * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
   *
   * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
   */
  function onERC721Received(
    address operator,
    address from,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
  function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
    return msg.sender;
  }

  function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
    return msg.data;
  }
}

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)
/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
  address private _owner;
  event OwnershipTransferred(
    address indexed previousOwner,
    address indexed newOwner
  );

  /**
   * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
   */
  constructor() {
    _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
   */
  function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
    return _owner;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
   */
  modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
   * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
   *
   * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
   * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
   */
  function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
    _transferOwnership(address(0));
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
   * Can only be called by the current owner.
   */
  function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
    require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
    _transferOwnership(newOwner);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
   * Internal function without access restriction.
   */
  function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
    address oldOwner = _owner;
    _owner = newOwner;
    emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
  }
}

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
  bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

  /**
   * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
   */
  function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
    // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
    // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol
    if (value == 0) {
      return "0";
    }
    uint256 temp = value;
    uint256 digits;
    while (temp != 0) {
      digits++;
      temp /= 10;
    }
    bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
    while (value != 0) {
      digits -= 1;
      buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
      value /= 10;
    }
    return string(buffer);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
   */
  function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
    if (value == 0) {
      return "0x00";
    }
    uint256 temp = value;
    uint256 length = 0;
    while (temp != 0) {
      length++;
      temp >>= 8;
    }
    return toHexString(value, length);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
   */
  function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length)
    internal
    pure
    returns (string memory)
  {
    bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
    buffer[0] = "0";
    buffer[1] = "x";
    for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
      buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
      value >>= 4;
    }
    require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
    return string(buffer);
  }
}

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
  enum RecoverError {
    NoError,
    InvalidSignature,
    InvalidSignatureLength,
    InvalidSignatureS,
    InvalidSignatureV
  }

  function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
    if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
      return; // no error: do nothing
    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
   * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
   *
   * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
   * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
   * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
   *
   * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
   * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
   * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
   * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
   * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
   *
   * Documentation for signature generation:
   * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
   * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
   *
   * _Available since v4.3._
   */
  function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature)
    internal
    pure
    returns (address, RecoverError)
  {
    // Check the signature length
    // - case 65: r,s,v signature (standard)
    // - case 64: r,vs signature (cf https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) _Available since v4.1._
    if (signature.length == 65) {
      bytes32 r;
      bytes32 s;
      uint8 v;
      // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
      // currently is to use assembly.
      assembly {
        r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
        s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
        v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
      }
      return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    } else if (signature.length == 64) {
      bytes32 r;
      bytes32 vs;
      // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
      // currently is to use assembly.
      assembly {
        r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
        vs := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
      }
      return tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
    } else {
      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
   * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
   *
   * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
   * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
   * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
   *
   * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
   * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
   * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
   * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
   * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
   */
  function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature)
    internal
    pure
    returns (address)
  {
    (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
    _throwError(error);
    return recovered;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
   *
   * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
   *
   * _Available since v4.3._
   */
  function tryRecover(
    bytes32 hash,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 vs
  ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
    bytes32 s = vs &
      bytes32(
        0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
      );
    uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
    return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
   *
   * _Available since v4.2._
   */
  function recover(
    bytes32 hash,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 vs
  ) internal pure returns (address) {
    (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
    _throwError(error);
    return recovered;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
   * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
   *
   * _Available since v4.3._
   */
  function tryRecover(
    bytes32 hash,
    uint8 v,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 s
  ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
    // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
    // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
    // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
    // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
    //
    // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
    // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
    // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
    // these malleable signatures as well.
    if (
      uint256(s) >
      0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0
    ) {
      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
    }
    if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
    }
    // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
    address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
    if (signer == address(0)) {
      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
    }
    return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
   * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
   */
  function recover(
    bytes32 hash,
    uint8 v,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 s
  ) internal pure returns (address) {
    (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    _throwError(error);
    return recovered;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
   * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
   * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
   * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
   *
   * See {recover}.
   */
  function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash)
    internal
    pure
    returns (bytes32)
  {
    // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
    // enforced by the type signature above
    return
      keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
   * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
   * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
   * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
   *
   * See {recover}.
   */
  function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s)
    internal
    pure
    returns (bytes32)
  {
    return
      keccak256(
        abi.encodePacked(
          "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n",
          Strings.toString(s.length),
          s
        )
      );
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
   * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
   * to the one signed with the
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
   * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
   *
   * See {recover}.
   */
  function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash)
    internal
    pure
    returns (bytes32)
  {
    return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
  }
}

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
  /**
   * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
   * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
   * to learn more about how these ids are created.
   *
   * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
   */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
   */
  event Transfer(
    address indexed from,
    address indexed to,
    uint256 indexed tokenId
  );
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
   */
  event Approval(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed approved,
    uint256 indexed tokenId
  );
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
   */
  event ApprovalForAll(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed operator,
    bool approved
  );

  /**
   * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
   */
  function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   */
  function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
   * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
   *
   * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
   * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
   *
   * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event.
   */
  function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

  /**
   * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   */
  function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
    external
    view
    returns (address operator);

  /**
   * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
   * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
   *
   * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
   */
  function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

  /**
   * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
   *
   * See {setApprovalForAll}
   */
  function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
    external
    view
    returns (bool);

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
   * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
  // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
  // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
  // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
  // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
  // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.
  // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
  // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
  // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
  // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
  // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
  uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
  uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;
  uint256 private _status;

  constructor() {
    _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
   * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
   * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
   * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
   * `private` function that does the actual work.
   */
  modifier nonReentrant() {
    // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
    require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");
    // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
    _status = _ENTERED;
    _;
    // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
    // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
    _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
  }
}

/*
╦═╗┌─┐┌─┐┬ ┬┬─┐┬─┐┌─┐┌─┐┌┬┐┬┌─┐┌┐┌
╠╦╝├┤ └─┐│ │├┬┘├┬┘├┤ │   │ ││ ││││
╩╚═└─┘└─┘└─┘┴└─┴└─└─┘└─┘ ┴ ┴└─┘┘└┘
by Coniun
@creator:     ConiunIO
@security:    batuhan@coniun.io
@author:      Batuhan KATIRCI (@batuhan_katirci)
@website:     https://coniun.io/
*/
error InvalidSignature(string message);
struct CallDataInfo {
  uint256 _tokenId;
  address _contractAddress;
  uint256 _amount;
  uint256 _backendMintStage;
  bytes _signature;
}

contract ResurrectionByConiunV2 is
  ERC721A,
  IERC721Receiver,
  Ownable,
  ReentrancyGuard
{
  event NftMinted(
    address indexed contractAddress,
    address indexed minterAddress,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 mintStartFrom,
    uint256 sourceTokenId
  );
  using ECDSA for bytes32;
  string public TOKEN_BASE_URL =
    "https://temp-cdn.coniun.io/resurrection_metadata/mainnet/";
  string public TOKEN_URL_SUFFIX = ".json";
  // 0 -> paused
  // 1 -> whitelist
  // 2 -> public
  uint256 public MAX_SUPPLY = 4444;
  uint256 public MINT_STAGE = 0;
  uint256 public WALLET_TRANSFER_LIMIT = 2;
  address private _signerAddress;
  address private _vaultAddress;
  address private _editor;

  constructor(address signerAddress_, address vaultAddress_)
    ERC721A("RESURRECTION", "RES")
  {
    _signerAddress = signerAddress_;
    _vaultAddress = vaultAddress_;
  }

  function getTransferCount(address wallet)
    public
    view
    virtual
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return _getAux(wallet);
  }

  function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
    return TOKEN_BASE_URL;
  }

  function _suffix() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
    return TOKEN_URL_SUFFIX;
  }

  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (string memory)
  {
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
    string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
    string memory suffix = _suffix();
    return
      bytes(baseURI).length != 0
        ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId), suffix))
        : "";
  }

  // admin functions
  function setTokenBaseUrl(string memory _tokenBaseUrl) public editorOrOwner {
    TOKEN_BASE_URL = _tokenBaseUrl;
  }

  function setTokenSuffix(string memory _tokenUrlSuffix) public editorOrOwner {
    TOKEN_URL_SUFFIX = _tokenUrlSuffix;
  }

  function setAuxAdmin(address forAddress, uint64 value) public editorOrOwner {
    _setAux(forAddress, value);
  }

  function adminMint(uint256 quantity, address toAddress)
    external
    editorOrOwner
  {
    require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "max_supply_reached");
    _safeMint(toAddress, quantity);
  }

  function setSignerAddress(address signerAddress) public editorOrOwner {
    _signerAddress = signerAddress;
  }

  function setMintStage(uint256 _mintStage) public editorOrOwner {
    MINT_STAGE = _mintStage;
  }

  function setWalletTransferLimit(uint256 _walletTransferLimit)
    public
    editorOrOwner
  {
    WALLET_TRANSFER_LIMIT = _walletTransferLimit;
  }

  function setEditor(address editor) public onlyOwner {
    _editor = editor;
  }

  modifier editorOrOwner() {
    require(
      _editor == _msgSender() || owner() == _msgSender(),
      "Editor or Owner required"
    );
    _;
  }

  // signature releated functions
  function getMessageHash(
    uint256 _amount,
    uint256 _tokenId,
    uint256 _backendMintStage,
    address _contractAddress
  ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
    return
      keccak256(
        abi.encodePacked(_amount, _tokenId, _backendMintStage, _contractAddress)
      );
  }

  function getEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 _messageHash)
    private
    pure
    returns (bytes32)
  {
    return
      keccak256(
        abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", _messageHash)
      );
  }

  function verifySignature(
    uint256 _amount,
    uint256 _tokenId,
    uint256 _backendMintStage,
    address _contractAddress,
    bytes memory signature
  ) private view returns (bool) {
    bytes32 messageHash = getMessageHash(
      _amount,
      _tokenId,
      _backendMintStage,
      _contractAddress
    );
    bytes32 ethSignedMessageHash = getEthSignedMessageHash(messageHash);
    return recoverSigner(ethSignedMessageHash, signature) == _signerAddress;
  }

  function recoverSigner(bytes32 _ethSignedMessageHash, bytes memory _signature)
    private
    pure
    returns (address)
  {
    (bytes32 r, bytes32 s, uint8 v) = splitSignature(_signature);
    return ecrecover(_ethSignedMessageHash, v, r, s);
  }

  function splitSignature(bytes memory sig)
    private
    pure
    returns (
      bytes32 r,
      bytes32 s,
      uint8 v
    )
  {
    if (sig.length != 65) {
      revert InvalidSignature("Signature length is not 65 bytes");
    }
    assembly {
      r := mload(add(sig, 32))
      s := mload(add(sig, 64))
      v := byte(0, mload(add(sig, 96)))
    }
  }

  function dataToBytes(
    uint256 tokenId,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 backendMintStage,
    address contractAddress,
    bytes memory signature
  ) public pure returns (bytes memory result) {
    result = abi.encode(
      tokenId,
      amount,
      backendMintStage,
      contractAddress,
      signature
    );
  }

  function bytesToData(bytes memory source)
    public
    pure
    returns (
      uint256 tokenId,
      uint256 amount,
      uint256 backendMintStage,
      address contractAddress,
      bytes memory signature
    )
  {
    return abi.decode(source, (uint256, uint256, uint256, address, bytes));
  }

  // # 'Mint by Transfer' function
  // At here we are using IERC721 safeTransferFroom hook
  // and utilize a mint action
  // Our backend will create a payload for minting (how many, is eligible etc.)
  function onERC721Received(
    address,
    address from,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes calldata data
  ) external nonReentrant returns (bytes4) {
    if (msg.sender == tx.origin) {
      revert("only_from_contracts");
    }
    // Verify ownership of the token
    IERC721 proxy = IERC721(msg.sender);
    require(proxy.ownerOf(tokenId) == address(this), "nft_not_transferred");
    CallDataInfo memory callDataInfo;
    (
      callDataInfo._tokenId,
      callDataInfo._amount,
      callDataInfo._backendMintStage,
      callDataInfo._contractAddress,
      callDataInfo._signature
    ) = bytesToData(data);
    require(
      totalSupply() + callDataInfo._amount <= MAX_SUPPLY,
      "max_supply_reached"
    );
    if (
      callDataInfo._tokenId != tokenId ||
      callDataInfo._contractAddress != msg.sender
    ) {
      revert("calldata_mismatch");
    }
    require(
      callDataInfo._backendMintStage == MINT_STAGE,
      "mint_stage_mismatch"
    );
    require(_getAux(from) < WALLET_TRANSFER_LIMIT, "too_many_transfers");
    if (
      verifySignature(
        callDataInfo._amount,
        callDataInfo._tokenId,
        callDataInfo._backendMintStage,
        callDataInfo._contractAddress,
        callDataInfo._signature
      ) != true
    ) {
      revert InvalidSignature("signature_failed");
    }
    proxy.transferFrom(address(this), _vaultAddress, tokenId);
    emit NftMinted(
      callDataInfo._contractAddress, // contract
      from, // minter
      callDataInfo._amount, // amount
      _nextTokenId(), // currentIdx
      tokenId // usedTokenId
    );
    _mint(from, callDataInfo._amount);
    _setAux(from, _getAux(from) + 1);
    return IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
  }
}