// File: @ensdomains/buffer/contracts/Buffer.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
* @dev A library for working with mutable byte buffers in Solidity.
*
* Byte buffers are mutable and expandable, and provide a variety of primitives
* for writing to them. At any time you can fetch a bytes object containing the
* current contents of the buffer. The bytes object should not be stored between
* operations, as it may change due to resizing of the buffer.
*/
library Buffer {
    /**
    * @dev Represents a mutable buffer. Buffers have a current value (buf) and
    *      a capacity. The capacity may be longer than the current value, in
    *      which case it can be extended without the need to allocate more memory.
    */
    struct buffer {
        bytes buf;
        uint capacity;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Initializes a buffer with an initial capacity.
    * @param buf The buffer to initialize.
    * @param capacity The number of bytes of space to allocate the buffer.
    * @return The buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function init(buffer memory buf, uint capacity) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        if (capacity % 32 != 0) {
            capacity += 32 - (capacity % 32);
        }
        // Allocate space for the buffer data
        buf.capacity = capacity;
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(buf, ptr)
            mstore(ptr, 0)
            mstore(0x40, add(32, add(ptr, capacity)))
        }
        return buf;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Initializes a new buffer from an existing bytes object.
    *      Changes to the buffer may mutate the original value.
    * @param b The bytes object to initialize the buffer with.
    * @return A new buffer.
    */
    function fromBytes(bytes memory b) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        buffer memory buf;
        buf.buf = b;
        buf.capacity = b.length;
        return buf;
    }

    function resize(buffer memory buf, uint capacity) private pure {
        bytes memory oldbuf = buf.buf;
        init(buf, capacity);
        append(buf, oldbuf);
    }

    function max(uint a, uint b) private pure returns(uint) {
        if (a > b) {
            return a;
        }
        return b;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Sets buffer length to 0.
    * @param buf The buffer to truncate.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining..
    */
    function truncate(buffer memory buf) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        assembly {
            let bufptr := mload(buf)
            mstore(bufptr, 0)
        }
        return buf;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Writes a byte string to a buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param off The start offset to write to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @param len The number of bytes to copy.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function write(buffer memory buf, uint off, bytes memory data, uint len) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        require(len <= data.length);

        if (off + len > buf.capacity) {
            resize(buf, max(buf.capacity, len + off) * 2);
        }

        uint dest;
        uint src;
        assembly {
            // Memory address of the buffer data
            let bufptr := mload(buf)
            // Length of existing buffer data
            let buflen := mload(bufptr)
            // Start address = buffer address + offset + sizeof(buffer length)
            dest := add(add(bufptr, 32), off)
            // Update buffer length if we're extending it
            if gt(add(len, off), buflen) {
                mstore(bufptr, add(len, off))
            }
            src := add(data, 32)
        }

        // Copy word-length chunks while possible
        for (; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        // Copy remaining bytes
        unchecked {
            uint mask = (256 ** (32 - len)) - 1;
            assembly {
                let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
                let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
                mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
            }
        }

        return buf;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Appends a byte string to a buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @param len The number of bytes to copy.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function append(buffer memory buf, bytes memory data, uint len) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        return write(buf, buf.buf.length, data, len);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Appends a byte string to a buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function append(buffer memory buf, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        return write(buf, buf.buf.length, data, data.length);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Writes a byte to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed the
    *      capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param off The offset to write the byte at.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function writeUint8(buffer memory buf, uint off, uint8 data) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        if (off >= buf.capacity) {
            resize(buf, buf.capacity * 2);
        }

        assembly {
            // Memory address of the buffer data
            let bufptr := mload(buf)
            // Length of existing buffer data
            let buflen := mload(bufptr)
            // Address = buffer address + sizeof(buffer length) + off
            let dest := add(add(bufptr, off), 32)
            mstore8(dest, data)
            // Update buffer length if we extended it
            if eq(off, buflen) {
                mstore(bufptr, add(buflen, 1))
            }
        }
        return buf;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Appends a byte to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed the
    *      capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function appendUint8(buffer memory buf, uint8 data) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        return writeUint8(buf, buf.buf.length, data);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Writes up to 32 bytes to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would
    *      exceed the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param off The offset to write at.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @param len The number of bytes to write (left-aligned).
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function write(buffer memory buf, uint off, bytes32 data, uint len) private pure returns(buffer memory) {
        if (len + off > buf.capacity) {
            resize(buf, (len + off) * 2);
        }

        unchecked {
            uint mask = (256 ** len) - 1;
            // Right-align data
            data = data >> (8 * (32 - len));
            assembly {
                // Memory address of the buffer data
                let bufptr := mload(buf)
                // Address = buffer address + sizeof(buffer length) + off + len
                let dest := add(add(bufptr, off), len)
                mstore(dest, or(and(mload(dest), not(mask)), data))
                // Update buffer length if we extended it
                if gt(add(off, len), mload(bufptr)) {
                    mstore(bufptr, add(off, len))
                }
            }
        }
        return buf;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Writes a bytes20 to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed the
    *      capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param off The offset to write at.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function writeBytes20(buffer memory buf, uint off, bytes20 data) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        return write(buf, off, bytes32(data), 20);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Appends a bytes20 to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chhaining.
    */
    function appendBytes20(buffer memory buf, bytes20 data) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        return write(buf, buf.buf.length, bytes32(data), 20);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Appends a bytes32 to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function appendBytes32(buffer memory buf, bytes32 data) internal pure returns (buffer memory) {
        return write(buf, buf.buf.length, data, 32);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Writes an integer to the buffer. Resizes if doing so would exceed
    *      the capacity of the buffer.
    * @param buf The buffer to append to.
    * @param off The offset to write at.
    * @param data The data to append.
    * @param len The number of bytes to write (right-aligned).
    * @return The original buffer, for chaining.
    */
    function writeInt(buffer memory buf, uint off, uint data, uint len) private pure returns(buffer memory) {
        if (len + off > buf.capacity) {
            resize(buf, (len + off) * 2);
        }

        uint mask = (256 ** len) - 1;
        assembly {
            // Memory address of the buffer data
            let bufptr := mload(buf)
            // Address = buffer address + off + sizeof(buffer length) + len
            let dest := add(add(bufptr, off), len)
            mstore(dest, or(and(mload(dest), not(mask)), data))
            // Update buffer length if we extended it
            if gt(add(off, len), mload(bufptr)) {
                mstore(bufptr, add(off, len))
            }
        }
        return buf;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Appends a byte to the end of the buffer. Resizes if doing so would
     * exceed the capacity of the buffer.
     * @param buf The buffer to append to.
     * @param data The data to append.
     * @return The original buffer.
     */
    function appendInt(buffer memory buf, uint data, uint len) internal pure returns(buffer memory) {
        return writeInt(buf, buf.buf.length, data, len);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/dnssec-oracle/BytesUtils.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

library BytesUtils {
    /*
    * @dev Returns the keccak-256 hash of a byte range.
    * @param self The byte string to hash.
    * @param offset The position to start hashing at.
    * @param len The number of bytes to hash.
    * @return The hash of the byte range.
    */
    function keccak(bytes memory self, uint offset, uint len) internal pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        require(offset + len <= self.length);
        assembly {
            ret := keccak256(add(add(self, 32), offset), len)
        }
    }


    /*
    * @dev Returns a positive number if `other` comes lexicographically after
    *      `self`, a negative number if it comes before, or zero if the
    *      contents of the two bytes are equal.
    * @param self The first bytes to compare.
    * @param other The second bytes to compare.
    * @return The result of the comparison.
    */
    function compare(bytes memory self, bytes memory other) internal pure returns (int) {
        return compare(self, 0, self.length, other, 0, other.length);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns a positive number if `other` comes lexicographically after
    *      `self`, a negative number if it comes before, or zero if the
    *      contents of the two bytes are equal. Comparison is done per-rune,
    *      on unicode codepoints.
    * @param self The first bytes to compare.
    * @param offset The offset of self.
    * @param len    The length of self.
    * @param other The second bytes to compare.
    * @param otheroffset The offset of the other string.
    * @param otherlen    The length of the other string.
    * @return The result of the comparison.
    */
    function compare(bytes memory self, uint offset, uint len, bytes memory other, uint otheroffset, uint otherlen) internal pure returns (int) {
        uint shortest = len;
        if (otherlen < len)
        shortest = otherlen;

        uint selfptr;
        uint otherptr;

        assembly {
            selfptr := add(self, add(offset, 32))
            otherptr := add(other, add(otheroffset, 32))
        }
        for (uint idx = 0; idx < shortest; idx += 32) {
            uint a;
            uint b;
            assembly {
                a := mload(selfptr)
                b := mload(otherptr)
            }
            if (a != b) {
                // Mask out irrelevant bytes and check again
                uint mask;
                if (shortest > 32) {
                    mask = type(uint256).max;
                } else {
                    mask = ~(2 ** (8 * (32 - shortest + idx)) - 1);
                }
                int diff = int(a & mask) - int(b & mask);
                if (diff != 0)
                return diff;
            }
            selfptr += 32;
            otherptr += 32;
        }

        return int(len) - int(otherlen);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns true if the two byte ranges are equal.
    * @param self The first byte range to compare.
    * @param offset The offset into the first byte range.
    * @param other The second byte range to compare.
    * @param otherOffset The offset into the second byte range.
    * @param len The number of bytes to compare
    * @return True if the byte ranges are equal, false otherwise.
    */
    function equals(bytes memory self, uint offset, bytes memory other, uint otherOffset, uint len) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak(self, offset, len) == keccak(other, otherOffset, len);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns true if the two byte ranges are equal with offsets.
    * @param self The first byte range to compare.
    * @param offset The offset into the first byte range.
    * @param other The second byte range to compare.
    * @param otherOffset The offset into the second byte range.
    * @return True if the byte ranges are equal, false otherwise.
    */
    function equals(bytes memory self, uint offset, bytes memory other, uint otherOffset) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak(self, offset, self.length - offset) == keccak(other, otherOffset, other.length - otherOffset);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Compares a range of 'self' to all of 'other' and returns True iff
    *      they are equal.
    * @param self The first byte range to compare.
    * @param offset The offset into the first byte range.
    * @param other The second byte range to compare.
    * @return True if the byte ranges are equal, false otherwise.
    */
    function equals(bytes memory self, uint offset, bytes memory other) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.length >= offset + other.length && equals(self, offset, other, 0, other.length);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns true if the two byte ranges are equal.
    * @param self The first byte range to compare.
    * @param other The second byte range to compare.
    * @return True if the byte ranges are equal, false otherwise.
    */
    function equals(bytes memory self, bytes memory other) internal pure returns(bool) {
        return self.length == other.length && equals(self, 0, other, 0, self.length);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the 8-bit number at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes
    * @return The specified 8 bits of the string, interpreted as an integer.
    */
    function readUint8(bytes memory self, uint idx) internal pure returns (uint8 ret) {
        return uint8(self[idx]);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the 16-bit number at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes
    * @return The specified 16 bits of the string, interpreted as an integer.
    */
    function readUint16(bytes memory self, uint idx) internal pure returns (uint16 ret) {
        require(idx + 2 <= self.length);
        assembly {
            ret := and(mload(add(add(self, 2), idx)), 0xFFFF)
        }
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the 32-bit number at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes
    * @return The specified 32 bits of the string, interpreted as an integer.
    */
    function readUint32(bytes memory self, uint idx) internal pure returns (uint32 ret) {
        require(idx + 4 <= self.length);
        assembly {
            ret := and(mload(add(add(self, 4), idx)), 0xFFFFFFFF)
        }
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the 32 byte value at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes
    * @return The specified 32 bytes of the string.
    */
    function readBytes32(bytes memory self, uint idx) internal pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        require(idx + 32 <= self.length);
        assembly {
            ret := mload(add(add(self, 32), idx))
        }
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the 32 byte value at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes
    * @return The specified 32 bytes of the string.
    */
    function readBytes20(bytes memory self, uint idx) internal pure returns (bytes20 ret) {
        require(idx + 20 <= self.length);
        assembly {
            ret := and(mload(add(add(self, 32), idx)), 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000000000000000)
        }
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the n byte value at the specified index of self.
    * @param self The byte string.
    * @param idx The index into the bytes.
    * @param len The number of bytes.
    * @return The specified 32 bytes of the string.
    */
    function readBytesN(bytes memory self, uint idx, uint len) internal pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        require(len <= 32);
        require(idx + len <= self.length);
        assembly {
            let mask := not(sub(exp(256, sub(32, len)), 1))
            ret := and(mload(add(add(self, 32), idx)),  mask)
        }
    }

    function memcpy(uint dest, uint src, uint len) private pure {
        // Copy word-length chunks while possible
        for (; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        // Copy remaining bytes
        unchecked {
            uint mask = (256 ** (32 - len)) - 1;
            assembly {
                let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
                let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
                mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
            }
        }
    }

    /*
    * @dev Copies a substring into a new byte string.
    * @param self The byte string to copy from.
    * @param offset The offset to start copying at.
    * @param len The number of bytes to copy.
    */
    function substring(bytes memory self, uint offset, uint len) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
        require(offset + len <= self.length);

        bytes memory ret = new bytes(len);
        uint dest;
        uint src;

        assembly {
            dest := add(ret, 32)
            src := add(add(self, 32), offset)
        }
        memcpy(dest, src, len);

        return ret;
    }

    // Maps characters from 0x30 to 0x7A to their base32 values.
    // 0xFF represents invalid characters in that range.
    bytes constant base32HexTable = hex'00010203040506070809FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0A0B0C0D0E0F101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0A0B0C0D0E0F101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F';

    /**
     * @dev Decodes unpadded base32 data of up to one word in length.
     * @param self The data to decode.
     * @param off Offset into the string to start at.
     * @param len Number of characters to decode.
     * @return The decoded data, left aligned.
     */
    function base32HexDecodeWord(bytes memory self, uint off, uint len) internal pure returns(bytes32) {
        require(len <= 52);

        uint ret = 0;
        uint8 decoded;
        for(uint i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            bytes1 char = self[off + i];
            require(char >= 0x30 && char <= 0x7A);
            decoded = uint8(base32HexTable[uint(uint8(char)) - 0x30]);
            require(decoded <= 0x20);
            if(i == len - 1) {
                break;
            }
            ret = (ret << 5) | decoded;
        }

        uint bitlen = len * 5;
        if(len % 8 == 0) {
            // Multiple of 8 characters, no padding
            ret = (ret << 5) | decoded;
        } else if(len % 8 == 2) {
            // Two extra characters - 1 byte
            ret = (ret << 3) | (decoded >> 2);
            bitlen -= 2;
        } else if(len % 8 == 4) {
            // Four extra characters - 2 bytes
            ret = (ret << 1) | (decoded >> 4);
            bitlen -= 4;
        } else if(len % 8 == 5) {
            // Five extra characters - 3 bytes
            ret = (ret << 4) | (decoded >> 1);
            bitlen -= 1;
        } else if(len % 8 == 7) {
            // Seven extra characters - 4 bytes
            ret = (ret << 2) | (decoded >> 3);
            bitlen -= 3;
        } else {
            revert();
        }

        return bytes32(ret << (256 - bitlen));
    }
}
// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/dnssec-oracle/RRUtils.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./BytesUtils.sol";
import "@ensdomains/buffer/contracts/Buffer.sol";

/**
* @dev RRUtils is a library that provides utilities for parsing DNS resource records.
*/
library RRUtils {
    using BytesUtils for *;
    using Buffer for *;

    /**
    * @dev Returns the number of bytes in the DNS name at 'offset' in 'self'.
    * @param self The byte array to read a name from.
    * @param offset The offset to start reading at.
    * @return The length of the DNS name at 'offset', in bytes.
    */
    function nameLength(bytes memory self, uint offset) internal pure returns(uint) {
        uint idx = offset;
        while (true) {
            assert(idx < self.length);
            uint labelLen = self.readUint8(idx);
            idx += labelLen + 1;
            if (labelLen == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return idx - offset;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Returns a DNS format name at the specified offset of self.
    * @param self The byte array to read a name from.
    * @param offset The offset to start reading at.
    * @return ret The name.
    */
    function readName(bytes memory self, uint offset) internal pure returns(bytes memory ret) {
        uint len = nameLength(self, offset);
        return self.substring(offset, len);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Returns the number of labels in the DNS name at 'offset' in 'self'.
    * @param self The byte array to read a name from.
    * @param offset The offset to start reading at.
    * @return The number of labels in the DNS name at 'offset', in bytes.
    */
    function labelCount(bytes memory self, uint offset) internal pure returns(uint) {
        uint count = 0;
        while (true) {
            assert(offset < self.length);
            uint labelLen = self.readUint8(offset);
            offset += labelLen + 1;
            if (labelLen == 0) {
                break;
            }
            count += 1;
        }
        return count;
    }

    uint constant RRSIG_TYPE = 0;
    uint constant RRSIG_ALGORITHM = 2;
    uint constant RRSIG_LABELS = 3;
    uint constant RRSIG_TTL = 4;
    uint constant RRSIG_EXPIRATION = 8;
    uint constant RRSIG_INCEPTION = 12;
    uint constant RRSIG_KEY_TAG = 16;
    uint constant RRSIG_SIGNER_NAME = 18;

    struct SignedSet {
        uint16 typeCovered;
        uint8 algorithm;
        uint8 labels;
        uint32 ttl;
        uint32 expiration;
        uint32 inception;
        uint16 keytag;
        bytes signerName;
        bytes data;
        bytes name;
    }

    function readSignedSet(bytes memory data) internal pure returns(SignedSet memory self) {
        self.typeCovered = data.readUint16(RRSIG_TYPE);
        self.algorithm = data.readUint8(RRSIG_ALGORITHM);
        self.labels = data.readUint8(RRSIG_LABELS);
        self.ttl = data.readUint32(RRSIG_TTL);
        self.expiration = data.readUint32(RRSIG_EXPIRATION);
        self.inception = data.readUint32(RRSIG_INCEPTION);
        self.keytag = data.readUint16(RRSIG_KEY_TAG);
        self.signerName = readName(data, RRSIG_SIGNER_NAME);
        self.data = data.substring(RRSIG_SIGNER_NAME + self.signerName.length, data.length - RRSIG_SIGNER_NAME - self.signerName.length);
    }

    function rrs(SignedSet memory rrset) internal pure returns(RRIterator memory) {
        return iterateRRs(rrset.data, 0);
    }

    /**
    * @dev An iterator over resource records.
    */
    struct RRIterator {
        bytes data;
        uint offset;
        uint16 dnstype;
        uint16 class;
        uint32 ttl;
        uint rdataOffset;
        uint nextOffset;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Begins iterating over resource records.
    * @param self The byte string to read from.
    * @param offset The offset to start reading at.
    * @return ret An iterator object.
    */
    function iterateRRs(bytes memory self, uint offset) internal pure returns (RRIterator memory ret) {
        ret.data = self;
        ret.nextOffset = offset;
        next(ret);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Returns true iff there are more RRs to iterate.
    * @param iter The iterator to check.
    * @return True iff the iterator has finished.
    */
    function done(RRIterator memory iter) internal pure returns(bool) {
        return iter.offset >= iter.data.length;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Moves the iterator to the next resource record.
    * @param iter The iterator to advance.
    */
    function next(RRIterator memory iter) internal pure {
        iter.offset = iter.nextOffset;
        if (iter.offset >= iter.data.length) {
            return;
        }

        // Skip the name
        uint off = iter.offset + nameLength(iter.data, iter.offset);

        // Read type, class, and ttl
        iter.dnstype = iter.data.readUint16(off);
        off += 2;
        iter.class = iter.data.readUint16(off);
        off += 2;
        iter.ttl = iter.data.readUint32(off);
        off += 4;

        // Read the rdata
        uint rdataLength = iter.data.readUint16(off);
        off += 2;
        iter.rdataOffset = off;
        iter.nextOffset = off + rdataLength;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Returns the name of the current record.
    * @param iter The iterator.
    * @return A new bytes object containing the owner name from the RR.
    */
    function name(RRIterator memory iter) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
        return iter.data.substring(iter.offset, nameLength(iter.data, iter.offset));
    }

    /**
    * @dev Returns the rdata portion of the current record.
    * @param iter The iterator.
    * @return A new bytes object containing the RR's RDATA.
    */
    function rdata(RRIterator memory iter) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
        return iter.data.substring(iter.rdataOffset, iter.nextOffset - iter.rdataOffset);
    }

    uint constant DNSKEY_FLAGS = 0;
    uint constant DNSKEY_PROTOCOL = 2;
    uint constant DNSKEY_ALGORITHM = 3;
    uint constant DNSKEY_PUBKEY = 4;

    struct DNSKEY {
        uint16 flags;
        uint8 protocol;
        uint8 algorithm;
        bytes publicKey;
    }

    function readDNSKEY(bytes memory data, uint offset, uint length) internal pure returns(DNSKEY memory self) {
        self.flags = data.readUint16(offset + DNSKEY_FLAGS);
        self.protocol = data.readUint8(offset + DNSKEY_PROTOCOL);
        self.algorithm = data.readUint8(offset + DNSKEY_ALGORITHM);
        self.publicKey = data.substring(offset + DNSKEY_PUBKEY, length - DNSKEY_PUBKEY);
    } 

    uint constant DS_KEY_TAG = 0;
    uint constant DS_ALGORITHM = 2;
    uint constant DS_DIGEST_TYPE = 3;
    uint constant DS_DIGEST = 4;

    struct DS {
        uint16 keytag;
        uint8 algorithm;
        uint8 digestType;
        bytes digest;
    }

    function readDS(bytes memory data, uint offset, uint length) internal pure returns(DS memory self) {
        self.keytag = data.readUint16(offset + DS_KEY_TAG);
        self.algorithm = data.readUint8(offset + DS_ALGORITHM);
        self.digestType = data.readUint8(offset + DS_DIGEST_TYPE);
        self.digest = data.substring(offset + DS_DIGEST, length - DS_DIGEST);
    }

    struct NSEC3 {
        uint8 hashAlgorithm;
        uint8 flags;
        uint16 iterations;
        bytes salt;
        bytes32 nextHashedOwnerName;
        bytes typeBitmap;
    }

    uint constant NSEC3_HASH_ALGORITHM = 0;
    uint constant NSEC3_FLAGS = 1;
    uint constant NSEC3_ITERATIONS = 2;
    uint constant NSEC3_SALT_LENGTH = 4;
    uint constant NSEC3_SALT = 5;

    function readNSEC3(bytes memory data, uint offset, uint length) internal pure returns(NSEC3 memory self) {
        uint end = offset + length;
        self.hashAlgorithm = data.readUint8(offset + NSEC3_HASH_ALGORITHM);
        self.flags = data.readUint8(offset + NSEC3_FLAGS);
        self.iterations = data.readUint16(offset + NSEC3_ITERATIONS);
        uint8 saltLength = data.readUint8(offset + NSEC3_SALT_LENGTH);
        offset = offset + NSEC3_SALT;
        self.salt = data.substring(offset, saltLength);
        offset += saltLength;
        uint8 nextLength = data.readUint8(offset);
        require(nextLength <= 32);
        offset += 1;
        self.nextHashedOwnerName = data.readBytesN(offset, nextLength);
        offset += nextLength;
        self.typeBitmap = data.substring(offset, end - offset);
    }

    function checkTypeBitmap(NSEC3 memory self, uint16 rrtype) internal pure returns(bool) {
        return checkTypeBitmap(self.typeBitmap, 0, rrtype);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Checks if a given RR type exists in a type bitmap.
    * @param bitmap The byte string to read the type bitmap from.
    * @param offset The offset to start reading at.
    * @param rrtype The RR type to check for.
    * @return True if the type is found in the bitmap, false otherwise.
    */
    function checkTypeBitmap(bytes memory bitmap, uint offset, uint16 rrtype) internal pure returns (bool) {
        uint8 typeWindow = uint8(rrtype >> 8);
        uint8 windowByte = uint8((rrtype & 0xff) / 8);
        uint8 windowBitmask = uint8(uint8(1) << (uint8(7) - uint8(rrtype & 0x7)));
        for (uint off = offset; off < bitmap.length;) {
            uint8 window = bitmap.readUint8(off);
            uint8 len = bitmap.readUint8(off + 1);
            if (typeWindow < window) {
                // We've gone past our window; it's not here.
                return false;
            } else if (typeWindow == window) {
                // Check this type bitmap
                if (len <= windowByte) {
                    // Our type is past the end of the bitmap
                    return false;
                }
                return (bitmap.readUint8(off + windowByte + 2) & windowBitmask) != 0;
            } else {
                // Skip this type bitmap
                off += len + 2;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    function compareNames(bytes memory self, bytes memory other) internal pure returns (int) {
        if (self.equals(other)) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint off;
        uint otheroff;
        uint prevoff;
        uint otherprevoff;
        uint counts = labelCount(self, 0);
        uint othercounts = labelCount(other, 0);

        // Keep removing labels from the front of the name until both names are equal length
        while (counts > othercounts) {
            prevoff = off;
            off = progress(self, off);
            counts--;
        }

        while (othercounts > counts) {
            otherprevoff = otheroff;
            otheroff = progress(other, otheroff);
            othercounts--;
        }

        // Compare the last nonequal labels to each other
        while (counts > 0 && !self.equals(off, other, otheroff)) {
            prevoff = off;
            off = progress(self, off);
            otherprevoff = otheroff;
            otheroff = progress(other, otheroff);
            counts -= 1;
        }

        if (off == 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        if(otheroff == 0) {
            return 1;
        }

        return self.compare(prevoff + 1, self.readUint8(prevoff), other, otherprevoff + 1, other.readUint8(otherprevoff));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Compares two serial numbers using RFC1982 serial number math.
     */
    function serialNumberGte(uint32 i1, uint32 i2) internal pure returns(bool) {
        return int32(i1) - int32(i2) >= 0;
    }

    function progress(bytes memory body, uint off) internal pure returns(uint) {
        return off + 1 + body.readUint8(off);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the keytag for a chunk of data.
     * @param data The data to compute a keytag for.
     * @return The computed key tag.
     */
    function computeKeytag(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        /* This function probably deserves some explanation.
         * The DNSSEC keytag function is a checksum that relies on summing up individual bytes
         * from the input string, with some mild bitshifting. Here's a Naive solidity implementation:
         *
         *     function computeKeytag(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (uint16) {
         *         uint ac;
         *         for (uint i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
         *             ac += i & 1 == 0 ? uint16(data.readUint8(i)) << 8 : data.readUint8(i);
         *         }
         *         return uint16(ac + (ac >> 16));
         *     }
         *
         * The EVM, with its 256 bit words, is exceedingly inefficient at doing byte-by-byte operations;
         * the code above, on reasonable length inputs, consumes over 100k gas. But we can make the EVM's
         * large words work in our favour.
         *
         * The code below works by treating the input as a series of 256 bit words. It first masks out
         * even and odd bytes from each input word, adding them to two separate accumulators `ac1` and `ac2`.
         * The bytes are separated by empty bytes, so as long as no individual sum exceeds 2^16-1, we're
         * effectively summing 16 different numbers with each EVM ADD opcode.
         *
         * Once it's added up all the inputs, it has to add all the 16 bit values in `ac1` and `ac2` together.
         * It does this using the same trick - mask out every other value, shift to align them, add them together.
         * After the first addition on both accumulators, there's enough room to add the two accumulators together,
         * and the remaining sums can be done just on ac1.
         */
        unchecked {
            require(data.length <= 8192, "Long keys not permitted");
            uint ac1;
            uint ac2;
            for(uint i = 0; i < data.length + 31; i += 32) {
                uint word;
                assembly {
                    word := mload(add(add(data, 32), i))
                }
                if(i + 32 > data.length) {
                    uint unused = 256 - (data.length - i) * 8;
                    word = (word >> unused) << unused;
                }
                ac1 += (word & 0xFF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00) >> 8;
                ac2 += (word & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF);
            }
            ac1 = (ac1 & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF)
                + ((ac1 & 0xFFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000) >> 16);
            ac2 = (ac2 & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF)
                + ((ac2 & 0xFFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000FFFF0000) >> 16);
            ac1 = (ac1 << 8) + ac2;
            ac1 = (ac1 & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF)
                + ((ac1 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32);
            ac1 = (ac1 & 0x0000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
                + ((ac1 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000000000000) >> 64);
            ac1 = (ac1 & 0x00000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
                + (ac1 >> 128);
            ac1 += (ac1 >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
            return uint16(ac1);
        }
    }
}
// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/registry/ENS.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface ENS {

    // Logged when the owner of a node assigns a new owner to a subnode.
    event NewOwner(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 indexed label, address owner);

    // Logged when the owner of a node transfers ownership to a new account.
    event Transfer(bytes32 indexed node, address owner);

    // Logged when the resolver for a node changes.
    event NewResolver(bytes32 indexed node, address resolver);

    // Logged when the TTL of a node changes
    event NewTTL(bytes32 indexed node, uint64 ttl);

    // Logged when an operator is added or removed.
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    function setRecord(bytes32 node, address owner, address resolver, uint64 ttl) external virtual;
    function setSubnodeRecord(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner, address resolver, uint64 ttl) external virtual;
    function setSubnodeOwner(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner) external virtual returns(bytes32);
    function setResolver(bytes32 node, address resolver) external virtual;
    function setOwner(bytes32 node, address owner) external virtual;
    function setTTL(bytes32 node, uint64 ttl) external virtual;
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external virtual;
    function owner(bytes32 node) external virtual view returns (address);
    function resolver(bytes32 node) external virtual view returns (address);
    function ttl(bytes32 node) external virtual view returns (uint64);
    function recordExists(bytes32 node) external virtual view returns (bool);
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external virtual view returns (bool);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/registry/ENSRegistry.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "./ENS.sol";

/**
 * The ENS registry contract.
 */
contract ENSRegistry is ENS {

    struct Record {
        address owner;
        address resolver;
        uint64 ttl;
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => Record) records;
    mapping (address => mapping(address => bool)) operators;

    // Permits modifications only by the owner of the specified node.
    modifier authorised(bytes32 node) {
        address owner = records[node].owner;
        require(owner == msg.sender || operators[owner][msg.sender]);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Constructs a new ENS registrar.
     */
    constructor() public {
        records[0x0].owner = msg.sender;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the record for a node.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param owner The address of the new owner.
     * @param resolver The address of the resolver.
     * @param ttl The TTL in seconds.
     */
    function setRecord(bytes32 node, address owner, address resolver, uint64 ttl) external virtual override {
        setOwner(node, owner);
        _setResolverAndTTL(node, resolver, ttl);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the record for a subnode.
     * @param node The parent node.
     * @param label The hash of the label specifying the subnode.
     * @param owner The address of the new owner.
     * @param resolver The address of the resolver.
     * @param ttl The TTL in seconds.
     */
    function setSubnodeRecord(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner, address resolver, uint64 ttl) external virtual override {
        bytes32 subnode = setSubnodeOwner(node, label, owner);
        _setResolverAndTTL(subnode, resolver, ttl);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of a node to a new address. May only be called by the current owner of the node.
     * @param node The node to transfer ownership of.
     * @param owner The address of the new owner.
     */
    function setOwner(bytes32 node, address owner) public virtual override authorised(node) {
        _setOwner(node, owner);
        emit Transfer(node, owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of a subnode keccak256(node, label) to a new address. May only be called by the owner of the parent node.
     * @param node The parent node.
     * @param label The hash of the label specifying the subnode.
     * @param owner The address of the new owner.
     */
    function setSubnodeOwner(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner) public virtual override authorised(node) returns(bytes32) {
        bytes32 subnode = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(node, label));
        _setOwner(subnode, owner);
        emit NewOwner(node, label, owner);
        return subnode;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the resolver address for the specified node.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param resolver The address of the resolver.
     */
    function setResolver(bytes32 node, address resolver) public virtual override authorised(node) {
        emit NewResolver(node, resolver);
        records[node].resolver = resolver;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the TTL for the specified node.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param ttl The TTL in seconds.
     */
    function setTTL(bytes32 node, uint64 ttl) public virtual override authorised(node) {
        emit NewTTL(node, ttl);
        records[node].ttl = ttl;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Enable or disable approval for a third party ("operator") to manage
     *  all of `msg.sender`'s ENS records. Emits the ApprovalForAll event.
     * @param operator Address to add to the set of authorized operators.
     * @param approved True if the operator is approved, false to revoke approval.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external virtual override {
        operators[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that owns the specified node.
     * @param node The specified node.
     * @return address of the owner.
     */
    function owner(bytes32 node) public virtual override view returns (address) {
        address addr = records[node].owner;
        if (addr == address(this)) {
            return address(0x0);
        }

        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the resolver for the specified node.
     * @param node The specified node.
     * @return address of the resolver.
     */
    function resolver(bytes32 node) public virtual override view returns (address) {
        return records[node].resolver;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the TTL of a node, and any records associated with it.
     * @param node The specified node.
     * @return ttl of the node.
     */
    function ttl(bytes32 node) public virtual override view returns (uint64) {
        return records[node].ttl;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a record has been imported to the registry.
     * @param node The specified node.
     * @return Bool if record exists
     */
    function recordExists(bytes32 node) public virtual override view returns (bool) {
        return records[node].owner != address(0x0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Query if an address is an authorized operator for another address.
     * @param owner The address that owns the records.
     * @param operator The address that acts on behalf of the owner.
     * @return True if `operator` is an approved operator for `owner`, false otherwise.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external virtual override view returns (bool) {
        return operators[owner][operator];
    }

    function _setOwner(bytes32 node, address owner) internal virtual {
        records[node].owner = owner;
    }

    function _setResolverAndTTL(bytes32 node, address resolver, uint64 ttl) internal {
        if(resolver != records[node].resolver) {
            records[node].resolver = resolver;
            emit NewResolver(node, resolver);
        }

        if(ttl != records[node].ttl) {
            records[node].ttl = ttl;
            emit NewTTL(node, ttl);
        }
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/IMulticallable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

interface IMulticallable {
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external returns(bytes[] memory results);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/ISupportsInterface.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

interface ISupportsInterface {
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) external pure returns(bool);
}
// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/Multicallable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./IMulticallable.sol";
import "./SupportsInterface.sol";

abstract contract Multicallable is IMulticallable, SupportsInterface {
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external override returns(bytes[] memory results) {
        results = new bytes[](data.length);
        for(uint i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            (bool success, bytes memory result) = address(this).delegatecall(data[i]);
            require(success);
            results[i] = result;
        }
        return results;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) public override virtual pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IMulticallable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/PublicResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../registry/ENS.sol";
import "./profiles/ABIResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/AddrResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/ContentHashResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/DNSResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/InterfaceResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/NameResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/PubkeyResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/TextResolver.sol";
import "./Multicallable.sol";

interface INameWrapper {
    function ownerOf(uint256 id) external view returns (address);
}

/**
 * A simple resolver anyone can use; only allows the owner of a node to set its
 * address.
 */
contract PublicResolver is Multicallable, ABIResolver, AddrResolver, ContentHashResolver, DNSResolver, InterfaceResolver, NameResolver, PubkeyResolver, TextResolver {
    ENS ens;
    INameWrapper nameWrapper;

    /**
     * A mapping of operators. An address that is authorised for an address
     * may make any changes to the name that the owner could, but may not update
     * the set of authorisations.
     * (owner, operator) => approved
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // Logged when an operator is added or removed.
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    constructor(ENS _ens, INameWrapper wrapperAddress){
        ens = _ens;
        nameWrapper = wrapperAddress;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external{
        require(
            msg.sender != operator,
            "ERC1155: setting approval status for self"
        );

        _operatorApprovals[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
    }

    function isAuthorised(bytes32 node) internal override view returns(bool) {
        address owner = ens.owner(node);
        if(owner == address(nameWrapper) ){
            owner = nameWrapper.ownerOf(uint256(node));
        }
        return owner == msg.sender || isApprovedForAll(owner, msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) public view returns (bool){
        return _operatorApprovals[account][operator];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) public override(Multicallable, ABIResolver, AddrResolver, ContentHashResolver, DNSResolver, InterfaceResolver, NameResolver, PubkeyResolver, TextResolver) pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IMulticallable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/ResolverBase.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "./SupportsInterface.sol";

abstract contract ResolverBase is SupportsInterface {
    function isAuthorised(bytes32 node) internal virtual view returns(bool);

    modifier authorised(bytes32 node) {
        require(isAuthorised(node));
        _;
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/SupportsInterface.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./ISupportsInterface.sol";

abstract contract SupportsInterface is ISupportsInterface {
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(ISupportsInterface).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/ABIResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "./IABIResolver.sol";
import "../ResolverBase.sol";

abstract contract ABIResolver is IABIResolver, ResolverBase {
    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(uint256=>bytes)) abis;

    /**
     * Sets the ABI associated with an ENS node.
     * Nodes may have one ABI of each content type. To remove an ABI, set it to
     * the empty string.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param contentType The content type of the ABI
     * @param data The ABI data.
     */
    function setABI(bytes32 node, uint256 contentType, bytes calldata data) virtual external authorised(node) {
        // Content types must be powers of 2
        require(((contentType - 1) & contentType) == 0);

        abis[node][contentType] = data;
        emit ABIChanged(node, contentType);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ABI associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP205.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @param contentTypes A bitwise OR of the ABI formats accepted by the caller.
     * @return contentType The content type of the return value
     * @return data The ABI data
     */
    function ABI(bytes32 node, uint256 contentTypes) virtual override external view returns (uint256, bytes memory) {
        mapping(uint256=>bytes) storage abiset = abis[node];

        for (uint256 contentType = 1; contentType <= contentTypes; contentType <<= 1) {
            if ((contentType & contentTypes) != 0 && abiset[contentType].length > 0) {
                return (contentType, abiset[contentType]);
            }
        }

        return (0, bytes(""));
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IABIResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/AddrResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "./IAddrResolver.sol";
import "./IAddressResolver.sol";

abstract contract AddrResolver is IAddrResolver, IAddressResolver, ResolverBase {
    uint constant private COIN_TYPE_ETH = 60;

    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(uint=>bytes)) _addresses;

    /**
     * Sets the address associated with an ENS node.
     * May only be called by the owner of that node in the ENS registry.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param a The address to set.
     */
    function setAddr(bytes32 node, address a) virtual external authorised(node) {
        setAddr(node, COIN_TYPE_ETH, addressToBytes(a));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the address associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated address.
     */
    function addr(bytes32 node) virtual override public view returns (address payable) {
        bytes memory a = addr(node, COIN_TYPE_ETH);
        if(a.length == 0) {
            return payable(0);
        }
        return bytesToAddress(a);
    }

    function setAddr(bytes32 node, uint coinType, bytes memory a) virtual public authorised(node) {
        emit AddressChanged(node, coinType, a);
        if(coinType == COIN_TYPE_ETH) {
            emit AddrChanged(node, bytesToAddress(a));
        }
        _addresses[node][coinType] = a;
    }

    function addr(bytes32 node, uint coinType) virtual override public view returns(bytes memory) {
        return _addresses[node][coinType];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IAddrResolver).interfaceId || interfaceID == type(IAddressResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }

    function bytesToAddress(bytes memory b) internal pure returns(address payable a) {
        require(b.length == 20);
        assembly {
            a := div(mload(add(b, 32)), exp(256, 12))
        }
    }

    function addressToBytes(address a) internal pure returns(bytes memory b) {
        b = new bytes(20);
        assembly {
            mstore(add(b, 32), mul(a, exp(256, 12)))
        }
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/ContentHashResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "./IContentHashResolver.sol";

abstract contract ContentHashResolver is IContentHashResolver, ResolverBase {
    mapping(bytes32=>bytes) hashes;

    /**
     * Sets the contenthash associated with an ENS node.
     * May only be called by the owner of that node in the ENS registry.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param hash The contenthash to set
     */
    function setContenthash(bytes32 node, bytes calldata hash) virtual external authorised(node) {
        hashes[node] = hash;
        emit ContenthashChanged(node, hash);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the contenthash associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function contenthash(bytes32 node) virtual external override view returns (bytes memory) {
        return hashes[node];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IContentHashResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/DNSResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "../../dnssec-oracle/RRUtils.sol";
import "./IDNSRecordResolver.sol";
import "./IDNSZoneResolver.sol";

abstract contract DNSResolver is IDNSRecordResolver, IDNSZoneResolver, ResolverBase {
    using RRUtils for *;
    using BytesUtils for bytes;

    // Zone hashes for the domains.
    // A zone hash is an EIP-1577 content hash in binary format that should point to a
    // resource containing a single zonefile.
    // node => contenthash
    mapping(bytes32=>bytes) private zonehashes;

    // Version the mapping for each zone.  This allows users who have lost
    // track of their entries to effectively delete an entire zone by bumping
    // the version number.
    // node => version
    mapping(bytes32=>uint256) private versions;

    // The records themselves.  Stored as binary RRSETs
    // node => version => name => resource => data
    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(uint256=>mapping(bytes32=>mapping(uint16=>bytes)))) private records;

    // Count of number of entries for a given name.  Required for DNS resolvers
    // when resolving wildcards.
    // node => version => name => number of records
    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(uint256=>mapping(bytes32=>uint16))) private nameEntriesCount;

    /**
     * Set one or more DNS records.  Records are supplied in wire-format.
     * Records with the same node/name/resource must be supplied one after the
     * other to ensure the data is updated correctly. For example, if the data
     * was supplied:
     *     a.example.com IN A 1.2.3.4
     *     a.example.com IN A 5.6.7.8
     *     www.example.com IN CNAME a.example.com.
     * then this would store the two A records for a.example.com correctly as a
     * single RRSET, however if the data was supplied:
     *     a.example.com IN A 1.2.3.4
     *     www.example.com IN CNAME a.example.com.
     *     a.example.com IN A 5.6.7.8
     * then this would store the first A record, the CNAME, then the second A
     * record which would overwrite the first.
     *
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to set the records
     * @param data the DNS wire format records to set
     */
    function setDNSRecords(bytes32 node, bytes calldata data) virtual external authorised(node) {
        uint16 resource = 0;
        uint256 offset = 0;
        bytes memory name;
        bytes memory value;
        bytes32 nameHash;
        // Iterate over the data to add the resource records
        for (RRUtils.RRIterator memory iter = data.iterateRRs(0); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
            if (resource == 0) {
                resource = iter.dnstype;
                name = iter.name();
                nameHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(name));
                value = bytes(iter.rdata());
            } else {
                bytes memory newName = iter.name();
                if (resource != iter.dnstype || !name.equals(newName)) {
                    setDNSRRSet(node, name, resource, data, offset, iter.offset - offset, value.length == 0);
                    resource = iter.dnstype;
                    offset = iter.offset;
                    name = newName;
                    nameHash = keccak256(name);
                    value = bytes(iter.rdata());
                }
            }
        }
        if (name.length > 0) {
            setDNSRRSet(node, name, resource, data, offset, data.length - offset, value.length == 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Obtain a DNS record.
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to fetch the record
     * @param name the keccak-256 hash of the fully-qualified name for which to fetch the record
     * @param resource the ID of the resource as per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types
     * @return the DNS record in wire format if present, otherwise empty
     */
    function dnsRecord(bytes32 node, bytes32 name, uint16 resource) virtual override public view returns (bytes memory) {
        return records[node][versions[node]][name][resource];
    }

    /**
     * Check if a given node has records.
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to check the records
     * @param name the namehash of the node for which to check the records
     */
    function hasDNSRecords(bytes32 node, bytes32 name) virtual public view returns (bool) {
        return (nameEntriesCount[node][versions[node]][name] != 0);
    }

    /**
     * Clear all information for a DNS zone.
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to clear the zone
     */
    function clearDNSZone(bytes32 node) virtual public authorised(node) {
        versions[node]++;
        emit DNSZoneCleared(node);
    }

    /**
     * setZonehash sets the hash for the zone.
     * May only be called by the owner of that node in the ENS registry.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param hash The zonehash to set
     */
    function setZonehash(bytes32 node, bytes calldata hash) virtual external authorised(node) {
        bytes memory oldhash = zonehashes[node];
        zonehashes[node] = hash;
        emit DNSZonehashChanged(node, oldhash, hash);
    }

    /**
     * zonehash obtains the hash for the zone.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function zonehash(bytes32 node) virtual override external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return zonehashes[node];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IDNSRecordResolver).interfaceId ||
               interfaceID == type(IDNSZoneResolver).interfaceId ||
               super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }

    function setDNSRRSet(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes memory name,
        uint16 resource,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 offset,
        uint256 size,
        bool deleteRecord) private
    {
        uint256 version = versions[node];
        bytes32 nameHash = keccak256(name);
        bytes memory rrData = data.substring(offset, size);
        if (deleteRecord) {
            if (records[node][version][nameHash][resource].length != 0) {
                nameEntriesCount[node][version][nameHash]--;
            }
            delete(records[node][version][nameHash][resource]);
            emit DNSRecordDeleted(node, name, resource);
        } else {
            if (records[node][version][nameHash][resource].length == 0) {
                nameEntriesCount[node][version][nameHash]++;
            }
            records[node][version][nameHash][resource] = rrData;
            emit DNSRecordChanged(node, name, resource, rrData);
        }
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IABIResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "./IABIResolver.sol";
import "../ResolverBase.sol";

interface IABIResolver {
    event ABIChanged(bytes32 indexed node, uint256 indexed contentType);
    /**
     * Returns the ABI associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP205.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @param contentTypes A bitwise OR of the ABI formats accepted by the caller.
     * @return contentType The content type of the return value
     * @return data The ABI data
     */
    function ABI(bytes32 node, uint256 contentTypes) external view returns (uint256, bytes memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IAddrResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

/**
 * Interface for the legacy (ETH-only) addr function.
 */
interface IAddrResolver {
    event AddrChanged(bytes32 indexed node, address a);

    /**
     * Returns the address associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated address.
     */
    function addr(bytes32 node) external view returns (address payable);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IAddressResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

/**
 * Interface for the new (multicoin) addr function.
 */
interface IAddressResolver {
    event AddressChanged(bytes32 indexed node, uint coinType, bytes newAddress);

    function addr(bytes32 node, uint coinType) external view returns(bytes memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IContentHashResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IContentHashResolver {
    event ContenthashChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes hash);

    /**
     * Returns the contenthash associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function contenthash(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IDNSRecordResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IDNSRecordResolver {
    // DNSRecordChanged is emitted whenever a given node/name/resource's RRSET is updated.
    event DNSRecordChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes name, uint16 resource, bytes record);
    // DNSRecordDeleted is emitted whenever a given node/name/resource's RRSET is deleted.
    event DNSRecordDeleted(bytes32 indexed node, bytes name, uint16 resource);
    // DNSZoneCleared is emitted whenever a given node's zone information is cleared.
    event DNSZoneCleared(bytes32 indexed node);

    /**
     * Obtain a DNS record.
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to fetch the record
     * @param name the keccak-256 hash of the fully-qualified name for which to fetch the record
     * @param resource the ID of the resource as per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types
     * @return the DNS record in wire format if present, otherwise empty
     */
    function dnsRecord(bytes32 node, bytes32 name, uint16 resource) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IDNSZoneResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IDNSZoneResolver {
    // DNSZonehashChanged is emitted whenever a given node's zone hash is updated.
    event DNSZonehashChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes lastzonehash, bytes zonehash);

    /**
     * zonehash obtains the hash for the zone.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function zonehash(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IInterfaceResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IInterfaceResolver {
    event InterfaceChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes4 indexed interfaceID, address implementer);

    /**
     * Returns the address of a contract that implements the specified interface for this name.
     * If an implementer has not been set for this interfaceID and name, the resolver will query
     * the contract at `addr()`. If `addr()` is set, a contract exists at that address, and that
     * contract implements EIP165 and returns `true` for the specified interfaceID, its address
     * will be returned.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param interfaceID The EIP 165 interface ID to check for.
     * @return The address that implements this interface, or 0 if the interface is unsupported.
     */
    function interfaceImplementer(bytes32 node, bytes4 interfaceID) external view returns (address);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/INameResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface INameResolver {
    event NameChanged(bytes32 indexed node, string name);

    /**
     * Returns the name associated with an ENS node, for reverse records.
     * Defined in EIP181.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated name.
     */
    function name(bytes32 node) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/IPubkeyResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IPubkeyResolver {
    event PubkeyChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 x, bytes32 y);

    /**
     * Returns the SECP256k1 public key associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP 619.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @return x The X coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     * @return y The Y coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     */
    function pubkey(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes32 x, bytes32 y);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/ITextResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface ITextResolver {
    event TextChanged(bytes32 indexed node, string indexed indexedKey, string key);

    /**
     * Returns the text data associated with an ENS node and key.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param key The text data key to query.
     * @return The associated text data.
     */
    function text(bytes32 node, string calldata key) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/InterfaceResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "../ISupportsInterface.sol";
import "./AddrResolver.sol";
import "./IInterfaceResolver.sol";

abstract contract InterfaceResolver is IInterfaceResolver, AddrResolver {
    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(bytes4=>address)) interfaces;

    /**
     * Sets an interface associated with a name.
     * Setting the address to 0 restores the default behaviour of querying the contract at `addr()` for interface support.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param interfaceID The EIP 165 interface ID.
     * @param implementer The address of a contract that implements this interface for this node.
     */
    function setInterface(bytes32 node, bytes4 interfaceID, address implementer) virtual external authorised(node) {
        interfaces[node][interfaceID] = implementer;
        emit InterfaceChanged(node, interfaceID, implementer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the address of a contract that implements the specified interface for this name.
     * If an implementer has not been set for this interfaceID and name, the resolver will query
     * the contract at `addr()`. If `addr()` is set, a contract exists at that address, and that
     * contract implements EIP165 and returns `true` for the specified interfaceID, its address
     * will be returned.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param interfaceID The EIP 165 interface ID to check for.
     * @return The address that implements this interface, or 0 if the interface is unsupported.
     */
    function interfaceImplementer(bytes32 node, bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override external view returns (address) {
        address implementer = interfaces[node][interfaceID];
        if(implementer != address(0)) {
            return implementer;
        }

        address a = addr(node);
        if(a == address(0)) {
            return address(0);
        }

        (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = a.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSignature("supportsInterface(bytes4)", type(ISupportsInterface).interfaceId));
        if(!success || returnData.length < 32 || returnData[31] == 0) {
            // EIP 165 not supported by target
            return address(0);
        }

        (success, returnData) = a.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSignature("supportsInterface(bytes4)", interfaceID));
        if(!success || returnData.length < 32 || returnData[31] == 0) {
            // Specified interface not supported by target
            return address(0);
        }

        return a;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IInterfaceResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/NameResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "./INameResolver.sol";

abstract contract NameResolver is INameResolver, ResolverBase {
    mapping(bytes32=>string) names;

    /**
     * Sets the name associated with an ENS node, for reverse records.
     * May only be called by the owner of that node in the ENS registry.
     * @param node The node to update.
     */
    function setName(bytes32 node, string calldata newName) virtual external authorised(node) {
        names[node] = newName;
        emit NameChanged(node, newName);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the name associated with an ENS node, for reverse records.
     * Defined in EIP181.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated name.
     */
    function name(bytes32 node) virtual override external view returns (string memory) {
        return names[node];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(INameResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/PubkeyResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "./IPubkeyResolver.sol";

abstract contract PubkeyResolver is IPubkeyResolver, ResolverBase {
    struct PublicKey {
        bytes32 x;
        bytes32 y;
    }

    mapping(bytes32=>PublicKey) pubkeys;

    /**
     * Sets the SECP256k1 public key associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @param x the X coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     * @param y the Y coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     */
    function setPubkey(bytes32 node, bytes32 x, bytes32 y) virtual external authorised(node) {
        pubkeys[node] = PublicKey(x, y);
        emit PubkeyChanged(node, x, y);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the SECP256k1 public key associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP 619.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @return x The X coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     * @return y The Y coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     */
    function pubkey(bytes32 node) virtual override external view returns (bytes32 x, bytes32 y) {
        return (pubkeys[node].x, pubkeys[node].y);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(IPubkeyResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/profiles/TextResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../ResolverBase.sol";
import "./ITextResolver.sol";

abstract contract TextResolver is ITextResolver, ResolverBase {
    mapping(bytes32=>mapping(string=>string)) texts;

    /**
     * Sets the text data associated with an ENS node and key.
     * May only be called by the owner of that node in the ENS registry.
     * @param node The node to update.
     * @param key The key to set.
     * @param value The text data value to set.
     */
    function setText(bytes32 node, string calldata key, string calldata value) virtual external authorised(node) {
        texts[node][key] = value;
        emit TextChanged(node, key, key);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the text data associated with an ENS node and key.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param key The text data key to query.
     * @return The associated text data.
     */
    function text(bytes32 node, string calldata key) virtual override external view returns (string memory) {
        return texts[node][key];
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) virtual override public pure returns(bool) {
        return interfaceID == type(ITextResolver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceID);
    }
}

// File: @gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/contracts/proxies/GnosisSafeProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

/// @title IProxy - Helper interface to access masterCopy of the Proxy on-chain
/// @author Richard Meissner - <richard@gnosis.io>
interface IProxy {
    function masterCopy() external view returns (address);
}

/// @title GnosisSafeProxy - Generic proxy contract allows to execute all transactions applying the code of a master contract.
/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.io>
/// @author Richard Meissner - <richard@gnosis.io>
contract GnosisSafeProxy {
    // singleton always needs to be first declared variable, to ensure that it is at the same location in the contracts to which calls are delegated.
    // To reduce deployment costs this variable is internal and needs to be retrieved via `getStorageAt`
    address internal singleton;

    /// @dev Constructor function sets address of singleton contract.
    /// @param _singleton Singleton address.
    constructor(address _singleton) {
        require(_singleton != address(0), "Invalid singleton address provided");
        singleton = _singleton;
    }

    /// @dev Fallback function forwards all transactions and returns all received return data.
    fallback() external payable {
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
            let _singleton := and(sload(0), 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
            // 0xa619486e == keccak("masterCopy()"). The value is right padded to 32-bytes with 0s
            if eq(calldataload(0), 0xa619486e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) {
                mstore(0, _singleton)
                return(0, 0x20)
            }
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            let success := delegatecall(gas(), _singleton, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            if eq(success, 0) {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            return(0, returndatasize())
        }
    }
}

// File: @gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/contracts/proxies/GnosisSafeProxyFactory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

import "./GnosisSafeProxy.sol";
import "./IProxyCreationCallback.sol";

/// @title Proxy Factory - Allows to create new proxy contact and execute a message call to the new proxy within one transaction.
/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
contract GnosisSafeProxyFactory {
    event ProxyCreation(GnosisSafeProxy proxy, address singleton);

    /// @dev Allows to create new proxy contact and execute a message call to the new proxy within one transaction.
    /// @param singleton Address of singleton contract.
    /// @param data Payload for message call sent to new proxy contract.
    function createProxy(address singleton, bytes memory data) public returns (GnosisSafeProxy proxy) {
        proxy = new GnosisSafeProxy(singleton);
        if (data.length > 0)
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
            assembly {
                if eq(call(gas(), proxy, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0), 0) {
                    revert(0, 0)
                }
            }
        emit ProxyCreation(proxy, singleton);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to retrieve the runtime code of a deployed Proxy. This can be used to check that the expected Proxy was deployed.
    function proxyRuntimeCode() public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return type(GnosisSafeProxy).runtimeCode;
    }

    /// @dev Allows to retrieve the creation code used for the Proxy deployment. With this it is easily possible to calculate predicted address.
    function proxyCreationCode() public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return type(GnosisSafeProxy).creationCode;
    }

    /// @dev Allows to create new proxy contact using CREATE2 but it doesn't run the initializer.
    ///      This method is only meant as an utility to be called from other methods
    /// @param _singleton Address of singleton contract.
    /// @param initializer Payload for message call sent to new proxy contract.
    /// @param saltNonce Nonce that will be used to generate the salt to calculate the address of the new proxy contract.
    function deployProxyWithNonce(
        address _singleton,
        bytes memory initializer,
        uint256 saltNonce
    ) internal returns (GnosisSafeProxy proxy) {
        // If the initializer changes the proxy address should change too. Hashing the initializer data is cheaper than just concatinating it
        bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(keccak256(initializer), saltNonce));
        bytes memory deploymentData = abi.encodePacked(type(GnosisSafeProxy).creationCode, uint256(uint160(_singleton)));
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
            proxy := create2(0x0, add(0x20, deploymentData), mload(deploymentData), salt)
        }
        require(address(proxy) != address(0), "Create2 call failed");
    }

    /// @dev Allows to create new proxy contact and execute a message call to the new proxy within one transaction.
    /// @param _singleton Address of singleton contract.
    /// @param initializer Payload for message call sent to new proxy contract.
    /// @param saltNonce Nonce that will be used to generate the salt to calculate the address of the new proxy contract.
    function createProxyWithNonce(
        address _singleton,
        bytes memory initializer,
        uint256 saltNonce
    ) public returns (GnosisSafeProxy proxy) {
        proxy = deployProxyWithNonce(_singleton, initializer, saltNonce);
        if (initializer.length > 0)
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
            assembly {
                if eq(call(gas(), proxy, 0, add(initializer, 0x20), mload(initializer), 0, 0), 0) {
                    revert(0, 0)
                }
            }
        emit ProxyCreation(proxy, _singleton);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to create new proxy contact, execute a message call to the new proxy and call a specified callback within one transaction
    /// @param _singleton Address of singleton contract.
    /// @param initializer Payload for message call sent to new proxy contract.
    /// @param saltNonce Nonce that will be used to generate the salt to calculate the address of the new proxy contract.
    /// @param callback Callback that will be invoced after the new proxy contract has been successfully deployed and initialized.
    function createProxyWithCallback(
        address _singleton,
        bytes memory initializer,
        uint256 saltNonce,
        IProxyCreationCallback callback
    ) public returns (GnosisSafeProxy proxy) {
        uint256 saltNonceWithCallback = uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(saltNonce, callback)));
        proxy = createProxyWithNonce(_singleton, initializer, saltNonceWithCallback);
        if (address(callback) != address(0)) callback.proxyCreated(proxy, _singleton, initializer, saltNonce);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to get the address for a new proxy contact created via `createProxyWithNonce`
    ///      This method is only meant for address calculation purpose when you use an initializer that would revert,
    ///      therefore the response is returned with a revert. When calling this method set `from` to the address of the proxy factory.
    /// @param _singleton Address of singleton contract.
    /// @param initializer Payload for message call sent to new proxy contract.
    /// @param saltNonce Nonce that will be used to generate the salt to calculate the address of the new proxy contract.
    function calculateCreateProxyWithNonceAddress(
        address _singleton,
        bytes calldata initializer,
        uint256 saltNonce
    ) external returns (GnosisSafeProxy proxy) {
        proxy = deployProxyWithNonce(_singleton, initializer, saltNonce);
        revert(string(abi.encodePacked(proxy)));
    }
}

// File: @gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/contracts/proxies/IProxyCreationCallback.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
import "./GnosisSafeProxy.sol";

interface IProxyCreationCallback {
    function proxyCreated(
        GnosisSafeProxy proxy,
        address _singleton,
        bytes calldata initializer,
        uint256 saltNonce
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To initialize the implementation contract, you can either invoke the
 * initializer manually, or you can include a constructor to automatically mark it as initialized when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() initializer {}
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     */
    bool private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initializer function from being invoked twice.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // If the contract is initializing we ignore whether _initialized is set in order to support multiple
        // inheritance patterns, but we only do this in the context of a constructor, because in other contexts the
        // contract may have been reentered.
        require(_initializing ? _isConstructor() : !_initialized, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");

        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
            _initialized = true;
        }

        _;

        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} modifier, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    function _isConstructor() private view returns (bool) {
        return !AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this));
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20Upgradeable, IERC20MetadataUpgradeable {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, _allowances[owner][spender] + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[owner][spender];
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[to] += amount;

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Spend `amount` form the allowance of `owner` toward `spender`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[45] private __gap;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20MetadataUpgradeable is IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Clones.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/Clones.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167[EIP 1167] is a standard for
 * deploying minimal proxy contracts, also known as "clones".
 *
 * > To simply and cheaply clone contract functionality in an immutable way, this standard specifies
 * > a minimal bytecode implementation that delegates all calls to a known, fixed address.
 *
 * The library includes functions to deploy a proxy using either `create` (traditional deployment) or `create2`
 * (salted deterministic deployment). It also includes functions to predict the addresses of clones deployed using the
 * deterministic method.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
library Clones {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create opcode, which should never revert.
     */
    function clone(address implementation) internal returns (address instance) {
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000)
            instance := create(0, ptr, 0x37)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create2 opcode and a `salt` to deterministically deploy
     * the clone. Using the same `implementation` and `salt` multiple time will revert, since
     * the clones cannot be deployed twice at the same address.
     */
    function cloneDeterministic(address implementation, bytes32 salt) internal returns (address instance) {
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000)
            instance := create2(0, ptr, 0x37, salt)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create2 failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(
        address implementation,
        bytes32 salt,
        address deployer
    ) internal pure returns (address predicted) {
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3ff00000000000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x38), shl(0x60, deployer))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x4c), salt)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x6c), keccak256(ptr, 0x37))
            predicted := keccak256(add(ptr, 0x37), 0x55)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(address implementation, bytes32 salt)
        internal
        view
        returns (address predicted)
    {
        return predictDeterministicAddress(implementation, salt, address(this));
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, _allowances[owner][spender] + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[owner][spender];
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[to] += amount;

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Spend `amount` form the allowance of `owner` toward `spender`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/utils/ERC721Holder.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/utils/ERC721Holder.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721Receiver.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC721Receiver} interface.
 *
 * Accepts all token transfers.
 * Make sure the contract is able to use its token with {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}, {IERC721-approve} or {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
 */
contract ERC721Holder is IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
     *
     * Always returns `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address,
        address,
        uint256,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC721Received.selector;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @prb/math/contracts/PRBMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

/// @notice Emitted when the result overflows uint256.
error PRBMath__MulDivFixedPointOverflow(uint256 prod1);

/// @notice Emitted when the result overflows uint256.
error PRBMath__MulDivOverflow(uint256 prod1, uint256 denominator);

/// @notice Emitted when one of the inputs is type(int256).min.
error PRBMath__MulDivSignedInputTooSmall();

/// @notice Emitted when the intermediary absolute result overflows int256.
error PRBMath__MulDivSignedOverflow(uint256 rAbs);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is MIN_SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__AbsInputTooSmall();

/// @notice Emitted when ceiling a number overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__CeilOverflow(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when one of the inputs is MIN_SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__DivInputTooSmall();

/// @notice Emitted when one of the intermediary unsigned results overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__DivOverflow(uint256 rAbs);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is greater than 133.084258667509499441.
error PRBMathSD59x18__ExpInputTooBig(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is greater than 192.
error PRBMathSD59x18__Exp2InputTooBig(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when flooring a number underflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__FloorUnderflow(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when converting a basic integer to the fixed-point format overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__FromIntOverflow(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when converting a basic integer to the fixed-point format underflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__FromIntUnderflow(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the product of the inputs is negative.
error PRBMathSD59x18__GmNegativeProduct(int256 x, int256 y);

/// @notice Emitted when multiplying the inputs overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__GmOverflow(int256 x, int256 y);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is less than or equal to zero.
error PRBMathSD59x18__LogInputTooSmall(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when one of the inputs is MIN_SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__MulInputTooSmall();

/// @notice Emitted when the intermediary absolute result overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__MulOverflow(uint256 rAbs);

/// @notice Emitted when the intermediary absolute result overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__PowuOverflow(uint256 rAbs);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is negative.
error PRBMathSD59x18__SqrtNegativeInput(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the calculating the square root overflows SD59x18.
error PRBMathSD59x18__SqrtOverflow(int256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when addition overflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__AddOverflow(uint256 x, uint256 y);

/// @notice Emitted when ceiling a number overflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__CeilOverflow(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is greater than 133.084258667509499441.
error PRBMathUD60x18__ExpInputTooBig(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is greater than 192.
error PRBMathUD60x18__Exp2InputTooBig(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when converting a basic integer to the fixed-point format format overflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__FromUintOverflow(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when multiplying the inputs overflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__GmOverflow(uint256 x, uint256 y);

/// @notice Emitted when the input is less than 1.
error PRBMathUD60x18__LogInputTooSmall(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when the calculating the square root overflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__SqrtOverflow(uint256 x);

/// @notice Emitted when subtraction underflows UD60x18.
error PRBMathUD60x18__SubUnderflow(uint256 x, uint256 y);

/// @dev Common mathematical functions used in both PRBMathSD59x18 and PRBMathUD60x18. Note that this shared library
/// does not always assume the signed 59.18-decimal fixed-point or the unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point
/// representation. When it does not, it is explicitly mentioned in the NatSpec documentation.
library PRBMath {
    /// STRUCTS ///

    struct SD59x18 {
        int256 value;
    }

    struct UD60x18 {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /// STORAGE ///

    /// @dev How many trailing decimals can be represented.
    uint256 internal constant SCALE = 1e18;

    /// @dev Largest power of two divisor of SCALE.
    uint256 internal constant SCALE_LPOTD = 262144;

    /// @dev SCALE inverted mod 2^256.
    uint256 internal constant SCALE_INVERSE =
        78156646155174841979727994598816262306175212592076161876661_508869554232690281;

    /// FUNCTIONS ///

    /// @notice Calculates the binary exponent of x using the binary fraction method.
    /// @dev Has to use 192.64-bit fixed-point numbers.
    /// See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/96594/24693.
    /// @param x The exponent as an unsigned 192.64-bit fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function exp2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // Start from 0.5 in the 192.64-bit fixed-point format.
            result = 0x800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

            // Multiply the result by root(2, 2^-i) when the bit at position i is 1. None of the intermediary results overflows
            // because the initial result is 2^191 and all magic factors are less than 2^65.
            if (x & 0x8000000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x16A09E667F3BCC909) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4000000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1306FE0A31B7152DF) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2000000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1172B83C7D517ADCE) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1000000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10B5586CF9890F62A) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x800000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1059B0D31585743AE) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x400000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x102C9A3E778060EE7) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x200000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10163DA9FB33356D8) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x100000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100B1AFA5ABCBED61) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x80000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10058C86DA1C09EA2) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x40000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1002C605E2E8CEC50) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x20000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100162F3904051FA1) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x10000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000B175EFFDC76BA) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x8000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100058BA01FB9F96D) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10002C5CC37DA9492) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000162E525EE0547) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1000000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000B17255775C04) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x800000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000058B91B5BC9AE) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x400000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100002C5C89D5EC6D) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x200000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000162E43F4F831) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x100000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000B1721BCFC9A) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x80000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000058B90CF1E6E) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x40000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000002C5C863B73F) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x20000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000162E430E5A2) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x10000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000B172183551) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x8000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000058B90C0B49) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000002C5C8601CC) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000162E42FFF0) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1000000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000B17217FBB) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x800000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000058B90BFCE) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x400000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000002C5C85FE3) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x200000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000162E42FF1) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x100000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000B17217F8) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x80000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000058B90BFC) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x40000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000002C5C85FE) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x20000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000162E42FF) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x10000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000B17217F) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x8000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000058B90C0) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000002C5C860) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000162E430) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1000000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000B17218) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x800000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000058B90C) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x400000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000002C5C86) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x200000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000162E43) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x100000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000000B1721) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x80000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000058B91) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x40000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000002C5C8) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x20000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000000162E4) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x10000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000000B172) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x8000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000000058B9) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000002C5D) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000000162E) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1000 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000B17) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x800 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000000058C) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x400 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000000002C6) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x200 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000163) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x100 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x100000000000000B1) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x80 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000059) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x40 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000000002C) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x20 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000016) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x10 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x1000000000000000B) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x8 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000006) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x4 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000003) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x2 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000001) >> 64;
            }
            if (x & 0x1 > 0) {
                result = (result * 0x10000000000000001) >> 64;
            }

            // We're doing two things at the same time:
            //
            //   1. Multiply the result by 2^n + 1, where "2^n" is the integer part and the one is added to account for
            //      the fact that we initially set the result to 0.5. This is accomplished by subtracting from 191
            //      rather than 192.
            //   2. Convert the result to the unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point format.
            //
            // This works because 2^(191-ip) = 2^ip / 2^191, where "ip" is the integer part "2^n".
            result *= SCALE;
            result >>= (191 - (x >> 64));
        }
    }

    /// @notice Finds the zero-based index of the first one in the binary representation of x.
    /// @dev See the note on msb in the "Find First Set" Wikipedia article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_first_set
    /// @param x The uint256 number for which to find the index of the most significant bit.
    /// @return msb The index of the most significant bit as an uint256.
    function mostSignificantBit(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 msb) {
        if (x >= 2**128) {
            x >>= 128;
            msb += 128;
        }
        if (x >= 2**64) {
            x >>= 64;
            msb += 64;
        }
        if (x >= 2**32) {
            x >>= 32;
            msb += 32;
        }
        if (x >= 2**16) {
            x >>= 16;
            msb += 16;
        }
        if (x >= 2**8) {
            x >>= 8;
            msb += 8;
        }
        if (x >= 2**4) {
            x >>= 4;
            msb += 4;
        }
        if (x >= 2**2) {
            x >>= 2;
            msb += 2;
        }
        if (x >= 2**1) {
            // No need to shift x any more.
            msb += 1;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates floor(x*y÷denominator) with full precision.
    ///
    /// @dev Credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - The denominator cannot be zero.
    /// - The result must fit within uint256.
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - This function does not work with fixed-point numbers.
    ///
    /// @param x The multiplicand as an uint256.
    /// @param y The multiplier as an uint256.
    /// @param denominator The divisor as an uint256.
    /// @return result The result as an uint256.
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
        // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
        // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
        uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
        uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
        assembly {
            let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
            prod0 := mul(x, y)
            prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
        }

        // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
        if (prod1 == 0) {
            unchecked {
                result = prod0 / denominator;
            }
            return result;
        }

        // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
        if (prod1 >= denominator) {
            revert PRBMath__MulDivOverflow(prod1, denominator);
        }

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
        // 512 by 256 division.
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////

        // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
        uint256 remainder;
        assembly {
            // Compute remainder using mulmod.
            remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

            // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
            prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
            prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
        }

        // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
        // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
        unchecked {
            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 lpotdod = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by lpotdod.
                denominator := div(denominator, lpotdod)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by lpotdod.
                prod0 := div(prod0, lpotdod)

                // Flip lpotdod such that it is 2^256 / lpotdod. If lpotdod is zero, then it becomes one.
                lpotdod := add(div(sub(0, lpotdod), lpotdod), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * lpotdod;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates floor(x*y÷1e18) with full precision.
    ///
    /// @dev Variant of "mulDiv" with constant folding, i.e. in which the denominator is always 1e18. Before returning the
    /// final result, we add 1 if (x * y) % SCALE >= HALF_SCALE. Without this, 6.6e-19 would be truncated to 0 instead of
    /// being rounded to 1e-18.  See "Listing 6" and text above it at https://accu.org/index.php/journals/1717.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - The result must fit within uint256.
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - The body is purposely left uncommented; see the NatSpec comments in "PRBMath.mulDiv" to understand how this works.
    /// - It is assumed that the result can never be type(uint256).max when x and y solve the following two equations:
    ///     1. x * y = type(uint256).max * SCALE
    ///     2. (x * y) % SCALE >= SCALE / 2
    ///
    /// @param x The multiplicand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The multiplier as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function mulDivFixedPoint(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        uint256 prod0;
        uint256 prod1;
        assembly {
            let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
            prod0 := mul(x, y)
            prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
        }

        if (prod1 >= SCALE) {
            revert PRBMath__MulDivFixedPointOverflow(prod1);
        }

        uint256 remainder;
        uint256 roundUpUnit;
        assembly {
            remainder := mulmod(x, y, SCALE)
            roundUpUnit := gt(remainder, 499999999999999999)
        }

        if (prod1 == 0) {
            unchecked {
                result = (prod0 / SCALE) + roundUpUnit;
                return result;
            }
        }

        assembly {
            result := add(
                mul(
                    or(
                        div(sub(prod0, remainder), SCALE_LPOTD),
                        mul(sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0)), add(div(sub(0, SCALE_LPOTD), SCALE_LPOTD), 1))
                    ),
                    SCALE_INVERSE
                ),
                roundUpUnit
            )
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates floor(x*y÷denominator) with full precision.
    ///
    /// @dev An extension of "mulDiv" for signed numbers. Works by computing the signs and the absolute values separately.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - None of the inputs can be type(int256).min.
    /// - The result must fit within int256.
    ///
    /// @param x The multiplicand as an int256.
    /// @param y The multiplier as an int256.
    /// @param denominator The divisor as an int256.
    /// @return result The result as an int256.
    function mulDivSigned(
        int256 x,
        int256 y,
        int256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (int256 result) {
        if (x == type(int256).min || y == type(int256).min || denominator == type(int256).min) {
            revert PRBMath__MulDivSignedInputTooSmall();
        }

        // Get hold of the absolute values of x, y and the denominator.
        uint256 ax;
        uint256 ay;
        uint256 ad;
        unchecked {
            ax = x < 0 ? uint256(-x) : uint256(x);
            ay = y < 0 ? uint256(-y) : uint256(y);
            ad = denominator < 0 ? uint256(-denominator) : uint256(denominator);
        }

        // Compute the absolute value of (x*y)÷denominator. The result must fit within int256.
        uint256 rAbs = mulDiv(ax, ay, ad);
        if (rAbs > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
            revert PRBMath__MulDivSignedOverflow(rAbs);
        }

        // Get the signs of x, y and the denominator.
        uint256 sx;
        uint256 sy;
        uint256 sd;
        assembly {
            sx := sgt(x, sub(0, 1))
            sy := sgt(y, sub(0, 1))
            sd := sgt(denominator, sub(0, 1))
        }

        // XOR over sx, sy and sd. This is checking whether there are one or three negative signs in the inputs.
        // If yes, the result should be negative.
        result = sx ^ sy ^ sd == 0 ? -int256(rAbs) : int256(rAbs);
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the square root of x, rounding down.
    /// @dev Uses the Babylonian method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method.
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - This function does not work with fixed-point numbers.
    ///
    /// @param x The uint256 number for which to calculate the square root.
    /// @return result The result as an uint256.
    function sqrt(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // Set the initial guess to the least power of two that is greater than or equal to sqrt(x).
        uint256 xAux = uint256(x);
        result = 1;
        if (xAux >= 0x100000000000000000000000000000000) {
            xAux >>= 128;
            result <<= 64;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x10000000000000000) {
            xAux >>= 64;
            result <<= 32;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x100000000) {
            xAux >>= 32;
            result <<= 16;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x10000) {
            xAux >>= 16;
            result <<= 8;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x100) {
            xAux >>= 8;
            result <<= 4;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x10) {
            xAux >>= 4;
            result <<= 2;
        }
        if (xAux >= 0x8) {
            result <<= 1;
        }

        // The operations can never overflow because the result is max 2^127 when it enters this block.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + x / result) >> 1; // Seven iterations should be enough
            uint256 roundedDownResult = x / result;
            return result >= roundedDownResult ? roundedDownResult : result;
        }
    }
}

// File: @prb/math/contracts/PRBMathUD60x18.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "./PRBMath.sol";

/// @title PRBMathUD60x18
/// @author Paul Razvan Berg
/// @notice Smart contract library for advanced fixed-point math that works with uint256 numbers considered to have 18
/// trailing decimals. We call this number representation unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point, since there can be up to 60
/// digits in the integer part and up to 18 decimals in the fractional part. The numbers are bound by the minimum and the
/// maximum values permitted by the Solidity type uint256.
library PRBMathUD60x18 {
    /// @dev Half the SCALE number.
    uint256 internal constant HALF_SCALE = 5e17;

    /// @dev log2(e) as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    uint256 internal constant LOG2_E = 1_442695040888963407;

    /// @dev The maximum value an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number can have.
    uint256 internal constant MAX_UD60x18 =
        115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457_584007913129639935;

    /// @dev The maximum whole value an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number can have.
    uint256 internal constant MAX_WHOLE_UD60x18 =
        115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457_000000000000000000;

    /// @dev How many trailing decimals can be represented.
    uint256 internal constant SCALE = 1e18;

    /// @notice Calculates the arithmetic average of x and y, rounding down.
    /// @param x The first operand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The second operand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The arithmetic average as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function avg(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // The operations can never overflow.
        unchecked {
            // The last operand checks if both x and y are odd and if that is the case, we add 1 to the result. We need
            // to do this because if both numbers are odd, the 0.5 remainder gets truncated twice.
            result = (x >> 1) + (y >> 1) + (x & y & 1);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Yields the least unsigned 60.18 decimal fixed-point number greater than or equal to x.
    ///
    /// @dev Optimized for fractional value inputs, because for every whole value there are (1e18 - 1) fractional counterparts.
    /// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - x must be less than or equal to MAX_WHOLE_UD60x18.
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number to ceil.
    /// @param result The least integer greater than or equal to x, as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function ceil(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x > MAX_WHOLE_UD60x18) {
            revert PRBMathUD60x18__CeilOverflow(x);
        }
        assembly {
            // Equivalent to "x % SCALE" but faster.
            let remainder := mod(x, SCALE)

            // Equivalent to "SCALE - remainder" but faster.
            let delta := sub(SCALE, remainder)

            // Equivalent to "x + delta * (remainder > 0 ? 1 : 0)" but faster.
            result := add(x, mul(delta, gt(remainder, 0)))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Divides two unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point numbers, returning a new unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    ///
    /// @dev Uses mulDiv to enable overflow-safe multiplication and division.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - The denominator cannot be zero.
    ///
    /// @param x The numerator as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The denominator as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param result The quotient as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function div(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        result = PRBMath.mulDiv(x, SCALE, y);
    }

    /// @notice Returns Euler's number as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @dev See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant).
    function e() internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        result = 2_718281828459045235;
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the natural exponent of x.
    ///
    /// @dev Based on the insight that e^x = 2^(x * log2(e)).
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - All from "log2".
    /// - x must be less than 133.084258667509499441.
    ///
    /// @param x The exponent as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function exp(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // Without this check, the value passed to "exp2" would be greater than 192.
        if (x >= 133_084258667509499441) {
            revert PRBMathUD60x18__ExpInputTooBig(x);
        }

        // Do the fixed-point multiplication inline to save gas.
        unchecked {
            uint256 doubleScaleProduct = x * LOG2_E;
            result = exp2((doubleScaleProduct + HALF_SCALE) / SCALE);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the binary exponent of x using the binary fraction method.
    ///
    /// @dev See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/q/79903/24693.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - x must be 192 or less.
    /// - The result must fit within MAX_UD60x18.
    ///
    /// @param x The exponent as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function exp2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // 2^192 doesn't fit within the 192.64-bit format used internally in this function.
        if (x >= 192e18) {
            revert PRBMathUD60x18__Exp2InputTooBig(x);
        }

        unchecked {
            // Convert x to the 192.64-bit fixed-point format.
            uint256 x192x64 = (x << 64) / SCALE;

            // Pass x to the PRBMath.exp2 function, which uses the 192.64-bit fixed-point number representation.
            result = PRBMath.exp2(x192x64);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Yields the greatest unsigned 60.18 decimal fixed-point number less than or equal to x.
    /// @dev Optimized for fractional value inputs, because for every whole value there are (1e18 - 1) fractional counterparts.
    /// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions.
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number to floor.
    /// @param result The greatest integer less than or equal to x, as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function floor(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        assembly {
            // Equivalent to "x % SCALE" but faster.
            let remainder := mod(x, SCALE)

            // Equivalent to "x - remainder * (remainder > 0 ? 1 : 0)" but faster.
            result := sub(x, mul(remainder, gt(remainder, 0)))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Yields the excess beyond the floor of x.
    /// @dev Based on the odd function definition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_part.
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number to get the fractional part of.
    /// @param result The fractional part of x as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function frac(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        assembly {
            result := mod(x, SCALE)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Converts a number from basic integer form to unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point representation.
    ///
    /// @dev Requirements:
    /// - x must be less than or equal to MAX_UD60x18 divided by SCALE.
    ///
    /// @param x The basic integer to convert.
    /// @param result The same number in unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point representation.
    function fromUint(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            if (x > MAX_UD60x18 / SCALE) {
                revert PRBMathUD60x18__FromUintOverflow(x);
            }
            result = x * SCALE;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates geometric mean of x and y, i.e. sqrt(x * y), rounding down.
    ///
    /// @dev Requirements:
    /// - x * y must fit within MAX_UD60x18, lest it overflows.
    ///
    /// @param x The first operand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The second operand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function gm(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        unchecked {
            // Checking for overflow this way is faster than letting Solidity do it.
            uint256 xy = x * y;
            if (xy / x != y) {
                revert PRBMathUD60x18__GmOverflow(x, y);
            }

            // We don't need to multiply by the SCALE here because the x*y product had already picked up a factor of SCALE
            // during multiplication. See the comments within the "sqrt" function.
            result = PRBMath.sqrt(xy);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates 1 / x, rounding toward zero.
    ///
    /// @dev Requirements:
    /// - x cannot be zero.
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number for which to calculate the inverse.
    /// @return result The inverse as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function inv(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 1e36 is SCALE * SCALE.
            result = 1e36 / x;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the natural logarithm of x.
    ///
    /// @dev Based on the insight that ln(x) = log2(x) / log2(e).
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - All from "log2".
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - All from "log2".
    /// - This doesn't return exactly 1 for 2.718281828459045235, for that we would need more fine-grained precision.
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number for which to calculate the natural logarithm.
    /// @return result The natural logarithm as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function ln(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // Do the fixed-point multiplication inline to save gas. This is overflow-safe because the maximum value that log2(x)
        // can return is 196205294292027477728.
        unchecked {
            result = (log2(x) * SCALE) / LOG2_E;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the common logarithm of x.
    ///
    /// @dev First checks if x is an exact power of ten and it stops if yes. If it's not, calculates the common
    /// logarithm based on the insight that log10(x) = log2(x) / log2(10).
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - All from "log2".
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - All from "log2".
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number for which to calculate the common logarithm.
    /// @return result The common logarithm as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function log10(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x < SCALE) {
            revert PRBMathUD60x18__LogInputTooSmall(x);
        }

        // Note that the "mul" in this block is the assembly multiplication operation, not the "mul" function defined
        // in this contract.
        // prettier-ignore
        assembly {
            switch x
            case 1 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(0, 18)) }
            case 10 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(1, 18)) }
            case 100 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(2, 18)) }
            case 1000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(3, 18)) }
            case 10000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(4, 18)) }
            case 100000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(5, 18)) }
            case 1000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(6, 18)) }
            case 10000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(7, 18)) }
            case 100000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(8, 18)) }
            case 1000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(9, 18)) }
            case 10000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(10, 18)) }
            case 100000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(11, 18)) }
            case 1000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(12, 18)) }
            case 10000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(13, 18)) }
            case 100000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(14, 18)) }
            case 1000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(15, 18)) }
            case 10000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(16, 18)) }
            case 100000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, sub(17, 18)) }
            case 1000000000000000000 { result := 0 }
            case 10000000000000000000 { result := SCALE }
            case 100000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 2) }
            case 1000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 3) }
            case 10000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 4) }
            case 100000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 5) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 6) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 7) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 8) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 9) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 10) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 11) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 12) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 13) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 14) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 15) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 16) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 17) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 18) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 19) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 20) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 21) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 22) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 23) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 24) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 25) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 26) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 27) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 28) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 29) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 30) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 31) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 32) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 33) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 34) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 35) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 36) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 37) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 38) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 39) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 40) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 41) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 42) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 43) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 44) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 45) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 46) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 47) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 48) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 49) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 50) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 51) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 52) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 53) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 54) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 55) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 56) }
            case 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 57) }
            case 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 58) }
            case 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 { result := mul(SCALE, 59) }
            default {
                result := MAX_UD60x18
            }
        }

        if (result == MAX_UD60x18) {
            // Do the fixed-point division inline to save gas. The denominator is log2(10).
            unchecked {
                result = (log2(x) * SCALE) / 3_321928094887362347;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the binary logarithm of x.
    ///
    /// @dev Based on the iterative approximation algorithm.
    /// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_logarithm#Iterative_approximation
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - x must be greater than or equal to SCALE, otherwise the result would be negative.
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - The results are nor perfectly accurate to the last decimal, due to the lossy precision of the iterative approximation.
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number for which to calculate the binary logarithm.
    /// @return result The binary logarithm as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x < SCALE) {
            revert PRBMathUD60x18__LogInputTooSmall(x);
        }
        unchecked {
            // Calculate the integer part of the logarithm and add it to the result and finally calculate y = x * 2^(-n).
            uint256 n = PRBMath.mostSignificantBit(x / SCALE);

            // The integer part of the logarithm as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number. The operation can't overflow
            // because n is maximum 255 and SCALE is 1e18.
            result = n * SCALE;

            // This is y = x * 2^(-n).
            uint256 y = x >> n;

            // If y = 1, the fractional part is zero.
            if (y == SCALE) {
                return result;
            }

            // Calculate the fractional part via the iterative approximation.
            // The "delta >>= 1" part is equivalent to "delta /= 2", but shifting bits is faster.
            for (uint256 delta = HALF_SCALE; delta > 0; delta >>= 1) {
                y = (y * y) / SCALE;

                // Is y^2 > 2 and so in the range [2,4)?
                if (y >= 2 * SCALE) {
                    // Add the 2^(-m) factor to the logarithm.
                    result += delta;

                    // Corresponds to z/2 on Wikipedia.
                    y >>= 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Multiplies two unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point numbers together, returning a new unsigned 60.18-decimal
    /// fixed-point number.
    /// @dev See the documentation for the "PRBMath.mulDivFixedPoint" function.
    /// @param x The multiplicand as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The multiplier as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result The product as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        result = PRBMath.mulDivFixedPoint(x, y);
    }

    /// @notice Returns PI as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function pi() internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        result = 3_141592653589793238;
    }

    /// @notice Raises x to the power of y.
    ///
    /// @dev Based on the insight that x^y = 2^(log2(x) * y).
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - All from "exp2", "log2" and "mul".
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - All from "exp2", "log2" and "mul".
    /// - Assumes 0^0 is 1.
    ///
    /// @param x Number to raise to given power y, as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y Exponent to raise x to, as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @return result x raised to power y, as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function pow(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        if (x == 0) {
            result = y == 0 ? SCALE : uint256(0);
        } else {
            result = exp2(mul(log2(x), y));
        }
    }

    /// @notice Raises x (unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number) to the power of y (basic unsigned integer) using the
    /// famous algorithm "exponentiation by squaring".
    ///
    /// @dev See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - The result must fit within MAX_UD60x18.
    ///
    /// Caveats:
    /// - All from "mul".
    /// - Assumes 0^0 is 1.
    ///
    /// @param x The base as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    /// @param y The exponent as an uint256.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function powu(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // Calculate the first iteration of the loop in advance.
        result = y & 1 > 0 ? x : SCALE;

        // Equivalent to "for(y /= 2; y > 0; y /= 2)" but faster.
        for (y >>= 1; y > 0; y >>= 1) {
            x = PRBMath.mulDivFixedPoint(x, x);

            // Equivalent to "y % 2 == 1" but faster.
            if (y & 1 > 0) {
                result = PRBMath.mulDivFixedPoint(result, x);
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Returns 1 as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number.
    function scale() internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        result = SCALE;
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the square root of x, rounding down.
    /// @dev Uses the Babylonian method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method.
    ///
    /// Requirements:
    /// - x must be less than MAX_UD60x18 / SCALE.
    ///
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number for which to calculate the square root.
    /// @return result The result as an unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point .
    function sqrt(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            if (x > MAX_UD60x18 / SCALE) {
                revert PRBMathUD60x18__SqrtOverflow(x);
            }
            // Multiply x by the SCALE to account for the factor of SCALE that is picked up when multiplying two unsigned
            // 60.18-decimal fixed-point numbers together (in this case, those two numbers are both the square root).
            result = PRBMath.sqrt(x * SCALE);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Converts a unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number to basic integer form, rounding down in the process.
    /// @param x The unsigned 60.18-decimal fixed-point number to convert.
    /// @return result The same number in basic integer form.
    function toUint(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            result = x / SCALE;
        }
    }
}

// File: @reality.eth/contracts/development/contracts/IBalanceHolder.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

interface IBalanceHolder {
  function withdraw (  ) external;
  function balanceOf ( address ) external view returns ( uint256 );
}

// File: @reality.eth/contracts/development/contracts/IRealityETH.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import './IBalanceHolder.sol';

interface IRealityETH is IBalanceHolder {
     event LogAnswerReveal (bytes32 indexed question_id, address indexed user, bytes32 indexed answer_hash, bytes32 answer, uint256 nonce, uint256 bond);
     event LogCancelArbitration (bytes32 indexed question_id);
     event LogClaim (bytes32 indexed question_id, address indexed user, uint256 amount);
     event LogFinalize (bytes32 indexed question_id, bytes32 indexed answer);
     event LogFundAnswerBounty (bytes32 indexed question_id, uint256 bounty_added, uint256 bounty, address indexed user);
     event LogMinimumBond (bytes32 indexed question_id, uint256 min_bond);
     event LogNewAnswer (bytes32 answer, bytes32 indexed question_id, bytes32 history_hash, address indexed user, uint256 bond, uint256 ts, bool is_commitment);
     event LogNewQuestion (bytes32 indexed question_id, address indexed user, uint256 template_id, string question, bytes32 indexed content_hash, address arbitrator, uint32 timeout, uint32 opening_ts, uint256 nonce, uint256 created);
     event LogNewTemplate (uint256 indexed template_id, address indexed user, string question_text);
     event LogNotifyOfArbitrationRequest (bytes32 indexed question_id, address indexed user);
     event LogReopenQuestion (bytes32 indexed question_id, bytes32 indexed reopened_question_id);
     event LogSetQuestionFee (address arbitrator, uint256 amount);

     function assignWinnerAndSubmitAnswerByArbitrator (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer, address payee_if_wrong, bytes32 last_history_hash, bytes32 last_answer_or_commitment_id, address last_answerer) external;
     function cancelArbitration (bytes32 question_id) external;
     function claimMultipleAndWithdrawBalance (bytes32[] calldata question_ids, uint256[] calldata lengths, bytes32[] calldata hist_hashes, address[] calldata addrs, uint256[] calldata bonds, bytes32[] calldata answers) external;
     function claimWinnings (bytes32 question_id, bytes32[] calldata history_hashes, address[] calldata addrs, uint256[] calldata bonds, bytes32[] calldata answers) external;
     function createTemplate (string calldata content) external returns (uint256);
     function notifyOfArbitrationRequest (bytes32 question_id, address requester, uint256 max_previous) external;
     function setQuestionFee (uint256 fee) external;
     function submitAnswerByArbitrator (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer, address answerer) external;
     function submitAnswerReveal (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer, uint256 nonce, uint256 bond) external;
     function askQuestion (uint256 template_id, string calldata question, address arbitrator, uint32 timeout, uint32 opening_ts, uint256 nonce) external payable returns (bytes32);
     function askQuestionWithMinBond (uint256 template_id, string calldata question, address arbitrator, uint32 timeout, uint32 opening_ts, uint256 nonce, uint256 min_bond) external payable returns (bytes32);
     function createTemplateAndAskQuestion (string calldata content, string calldata question, address arbitrator, uint32 timeout, uint32 opening_ts, uint256 nonce) external payable returns (bytes32);
     function fundAnswerBounty (bytes32 question_id) external payable;
     function reopenQuestion (uint256 template_id, string calldata question, address arbitrator, uint32 timeout, uint32 opening_ts, uint256 nonce, uint256 min_bond, bytes32 reopens_question_id) external payable returns (bytes32);
     function submitAnswer (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer, uint256 max_previous) external payable;
     function submitAnswerCommitment (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer_hash, uint256 max_previous, address _answerer) external payable;
     function submitAnswerFor (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 answer, uint256 max_previous, address answerer) external payable;
     function arbitrator_question_fees (address) external view returns (uint256);
     function commitments (bytes32) external view returns (uint32 reveal_ts, bool is_revealed, bytes32 revealed_answer);
     function getArbitrator (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (address);
     function getBestAnswer (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function getBond (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint256);
     function getBounty (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint256);
     function getContentHash (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function getFinalAnswer (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function getFinalAnswerIfMatches (bytes32 question_id, bytes32 content_hash, address arbitrator, uint32 min_timeout, uint256 min_bond) external view returns (bytes32);
     function getFinalizeTS (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint32);
     function getHistoryHash (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function getMinBond (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint256);
     function getOpeningTS (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint32);
     function getTimeout (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (uint32);
     function isFinalized (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bool);
     function isPendingArbitration (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bool);
     function isSettledTooSoon (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bool);
     function question_claims (bytes32) external view returns (address payee, uint256 last_bond, uint256 queued_funds);
     function questions (bytes32) external view returns (bytes32 content_hash, address arbitrator, uint32 opening_ts, uint32 timeout, uint32 finalize_ts, bool is_pending_arbitration, uint256 bounty, bytes32 best_answer, bytes32 history_hash, uint256 bond, uint256 min_bond);
     function reopened_questions (bytes32) external view returns (bytes32);
     function reopener_questions (bytes32) external view returns (bool);
     function resultFor (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function resultForOnceSettled (bytes32 question_id) external view returns (bytes32);
     function template_hashes (uint256) external view returns (bytes32);
     function templates (uint256) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: contracts/implementations/ERC20Singleton.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

import "../interfaces/IERC20Singleton.sol";

contract ERC20Singleton is
  IERC20Singleton,
  Initializable,
  ERC20Upgradeable,
  OwnableUpgradeable
{
  error MaxSupplyReached();

  uint256 maxSupply;

  constructor() initializer {
    __ERC20_init("Singleton Base", "BASE");
    __Ownable_init();
    maxSupply = 1 ether;
    transferOwnership(address(1));
  }

  function initialize(
    bytes calldata _name,
    bytes calldata _symbol,
    uint256 _maxSupply,
    address _owner
  ) external initializer {
    __ERC20_init(string(_name), string(_symbol));
    __Ownable_init();
    maxSupply = _maxSupply;
    transferOwnership(_owner);
  }

  function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external override onlyOwner {
    if (this.totalSupply() + amount > maxSupply) {
      revert MaxSupplyReached();
    }
    _mint(account, amount);
  }

  function burn(address account, uint256 amount) external override onlyOwner {
    _burn(account, amount);
  }
}

// File: contracts/implementations/Governor.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Clones.sol";
import "@ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/PublicResolver.sol";
import "@ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/registry/ENSRegistry.sol";
import "@gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/contracts/proxies/GnosisSafeProxyFactory.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/utils/ERC721Holder.sol";

import "./ERC20Singleton.sol";
import "../interfaces/IClearingHouse.sol";
import "../interfaces/IDonationsRouter.sol";
import "../interfaces/IGovernor.sol";
import "../vendors/IENSRegistrar.sol";
import "../interfaces/IModuleProxyFactory.sol";
import "../vendors/IGnosisSafe.sol";

import "@reality.eth/contracts/development/contracts/IRealityETH.sol";

contract Governor is IGovernor, Ownable, ERC721Holder {
  PublicResolver public override ensResolver;
  ENSRegistry public override ensRegistry;
  IENSRegistrar public override ensRegistrar;
  GnosisSafeProxyFactory public override gnosisFactory;
  address public override gnosisSafeSingleton;
  address public override erc20Singleton;
  uint256 public override ensDomainNFTId;
  IClearingHouse public clearingHouse;
  IDonationsRouter public donationsRouter;

  constructor(ConstructorParams memory _params) {
    require(
      address(_params.ensResolver) != address(0),
      "invalid resolver address"
    );
    require(
      address(_params.ensRegistry) != address(0),
      "invalid registry address"
    );
    require(
      address(_params.ensRegistrar) != address(0),
      "invalid registrar address"
    );
    require(
      address(_params.gnosisFactory) != address(0),
      "invalid factory address"
    );
    require(
      _params.gnosisSafeSingleton != address(0),
      "invalid safe singleton address"
    );
    require(
      _params.erc20Singleton != address(0),
      "invalid token singleton address"
    );
    require(_params.parentDao != address(0), "invalid owner");
    require(
      address(_params.clearingHouse) != address(0),
      "invalid clearing house address"
    );
    require(
      address(_params.donationsRouter) != address(0),
      "invalid donations router address"
    );

    ensResolver = _params.ensResolver;
    ensRegistry = _params.ensRegistry;
    ensRegistrar = _params.ensRegistrar;
    gnosisFactory = _params.gnosisFactory;
    gnosisSafeSingleton = _params.gnosisSafeSingleton;
    erc20Singleton = _params.erc20Singleton;
    clearingHouse = _params.clearingHouse;
    donationsRouter = _params.donationsRouter;

    transferOwnership(_params.parentDao);
  }

  receive() external payable {}

  function addENSDomain(uint256 _domainNFTId) external override onlyOwner {
    require(ensDomainNFTId == 0, "ens domain already set");
    ensDomainNFTId = _domainNFTId;
    ensRegistrar.safeTransferFrom(
      address(msg.sender),
      address(this),
      _domainNFTId
    );

    ensRegistrar.reclaim(_domainNFTId, address(this));
  }

  function withdrawENSDomain(address _destination) external override onlyOwner {
    require(ensDomainNFTId > 0, "ens domain not set");
    uint256 _domainNFTId = ensDomainNFTId;
    delete ensDomainNFTId;
    ensRegistrar.safeTransferFrom(address(this), _destination, _domainNFTId);
  }

  function createChildDAO(
    Token calldata _tokenData,
    Safe calldata _safeData,
    Subdomain calldata _subdomain
  ) external override {
    require(ensDomainNFTId > 0, "ENS domain unavailable");

    // Need to disable auto staking initially
    require(_tokenData.autoStaking == false, "disable auto staking");

    /// Gnosis multi sig
    (address safe, ) = _createGnosisSafe(
      _safeData.safe,
      _safeData.zodiac,
      uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_subdomain.subdomain, address(this))))
    );

    /// Token
    address token = _createERC20Clone(
      _tokenData.tokenName,
      _tokenData.tokenSymbol,
      _tokenData.maxSupply
    );
    /// Register the token in the clearing house contract
    clearingHouse.registerChildDao(
      ERC20Singleton(token),
      _tokenData.autoStaking,
      _tokenData.kycRequired,
      _tokenData.maxSupply,
      _tokenData.maxSwap,
      _tokenData.release
    );
    /// ENS Subdomain + Snapshot text record
    bytes32 node = _createENSSubdomain(
      safe,
      _subdomain.subdomain,
      _subdomain.snapshotKey,
      _subdomain.snapshotValue
    );

    emit ChildDaoCreated(safe, token, node);

    try
      donationsRouter.registerCause(
        IDonationsRouter.CauseRegistrationRequest({
          owner: address(safe),
          rewardPercentage: _tokenData.rewardPercentage,
          daoToken: address(token)
        })
      )
    {
      // Mint specified amount to dao safe
      _mintToken(
        address(safe),
        ERC20Singleton(token),
        _tokenData.mintingAmount,
        _tokenData.KYCId,
        _tokenData.expiry,
        _tokenData.signature
      );
    } catch (bytes memory reason) {
      emit RegisterCauseFailure(reason);
    }
  }

  // Mint child dao token to child dao safe
  function _mintToken(
    address safe,
    ERC20Singleton childDaoToken,
    uint256 amount,
    bytes memory KYCId,
    uint256 expiry,
    bytes memory signature
  ) internal {
    ERC20 earthToken = ERC20(clearingHouse.earthToken());
    require(
      earthToken.balanceOf(msg.sender) >= amount,
      "insufficient token amount"
    );
    earthToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);

    earthToken.increaseAllowance(address(clearingHouse), amount);
    clearingHouse.swapEarthForChildDao(
      childDaoToken,
      amount,
      KYCId,
      expiry,
      signature
    );

    // transfer child dao from contract to safe
    require(
      childDaoToken.balanceOf(address(this)) >= amount,
      "child dao mint error"
    );
    childDaoToken.transfer(safe, amount);
  }

  function _createGnosisSafe(
    SafeCreationParams memory safeData,
    ZodiacParams memory zodiacData,
    uint256 safeDeploymentSalt
  ) internal returns (address safe, address module) {
    address[] memory initialOwners = new address[](safeData.owners.length + 1);
    uint256 i;
    for (i = 0; i < safeData.owners.length; ++i) {
      initialOwners[i] = safeData.owners[i];
    }
    initialOwners[initialOwners.length - 1] = address(this);
    safe = address(
      gnosisFactory.createProxyWithNonce(
        gnosisSafeSingleton,
        _getSafeInitializer(
          SafeCreationParams({
            owners: initialOwners,
            threshold: 1,
            to: safeData.to,
            data: "",
            fallbackHandler: safeData.fallbackHandler,
            paymentToken: safeData.paymentToken,
            payment: safeData.payment,
            paymentReceiver: safeData.paymentReceiver
          })
        ),
        safeDeploymentSalt
      )
    );
    /// @dev The reality module requires a template. This will create, or reuse an existing one.
    uint256 templateId;
    if (bytes(zodiacData.template).length > 0) {
      templateId = IRealityETH(zodiacData.oracle).createTemplate(
        zodiacData.template
      );
    } else {
      // @dev reality template IDs start at 0;
      templateId = zodiacData.templateId;
    }

    module = IModuleProxyFactory(zodiacData.zodiacFactory).deployModule(
      zodiacData.moduleMasterCopy,
      _getZodiacInitializer(safe, templateId, zodiacData),
      uint256(keccak256(abi.encode(safeDeploymentSalt)))
    );
    /// @dev Enable the newly deployed module on our safe
    IGnosisSafe(safe).execTransaction(
      safe,
      0,
      abi.encodeWithSignature("enableModule(address)", module),
      IGnosisSafe.Operation.Call,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      address(0),
      payable(msg.sender),
      _getApprovedHashSignature()
    );
    /// @dev Remove this contract as an owner in the safe
    IGnosisSafe(safe).execTransaction(
      safe,
      0,
      abi.encodeWithSignature(
        "removeOwner(address,address,uint256)",
        initialOwners[initialOwners.length - 2],
        initialOwners[initialOwners.length - 1],
        safeData.threshold
      ),
      IGnosisSafe.Operation.Call,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      address(0),
      payable(msg.sender),
      _getApprovedHashSignature()
    );
    emit ZodiacModuleEnabled(safe, module, templateId);
  }

  function _getApprovedHashSignature()
    internal
    view
    returns (bytes memory signature)
  {
    signature = abi.encodePacked(
      bytes32(uint256(uint160(address(this)))),
      bytes32(0),
      uint8(1)
    );
  }

  function _getZodiacInitializer(
    address safe,
    uint256 templateId,
    ZodiacParams memory zodiacData
  ) internal pure returns (bytes memory initializer) {
    initializer = abi.encodeWithSignature(
      "setUp(bytes)",
      abi.encode(
        safe,
        safe,
        safe,
        zodiacData.oracle,
        zodiacData.timeout,
        zodiacData.cooldown,
        zodiacData.expiration,
        zodiacData.bond,
        templateId,
        zodiacData.arbitrator == address(0) ? safe : zodiacData.arbitrator
      )
    );
  }

  function _getSafeInitializer(SafeCreationParams memory safeData)
    internal
    pure
    returns (bytes memory initData)
  {
    initData = abi.encodeWithSignature(
      "setup(address[],uint256,address,bytes,address,address,uint256,address)",
      safeData.owners,
      safeData.threshold,
      safeData.to,
      safeData.data,
      safeData.fallbackHandler,
      safeData.paymentToken,
      safeData.payment,
      safeData.paymentReceiver
    );
  }

  function _createERC20Clone(
    bytes memory _name,
    bytes memory _symbol,
    uint256 _maxSupply
  ) internal returns (address token) {
    token = Clones.cloneDeterministic(
      erc20Singleton,
      keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_name, _symbol, _maxSupply))
    );
    ERC20Singleton(token).initialize(
      _name,
      _symbol,
      _maxSupply,
      address(clearingHouse)
    );
  }

  function _calculateENSNode(bytes32 baseNode, bytes32 childNode)
    internal
    pure
    returns (bytes32 ensNode)
  {
    ensNode = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(baseNode, childNode));
  }

  function _createENSSubdomain(
    address _owner,
    bytes memory _name,
    bytes memory _key,
    bytes memory _value
  ) internal returns (bytes32 childNode) {
    bytes32 labelHash = keccak256(_name);

    bytes32 ensBaseNode = ensRegistrar.baseNode();
    bytes32 parentNode = _calculateENSNode(
      ensBaseNode,
      bytes32(ensDomainNFTId)
    );
    childNode = _calculateENSNode(parentNode, labelHash);

    ensRegistry.setSubnodeRecord(
      parentNode,
      labelHash,
      address(this),
      address(ensResolver),
      3600
    );

    ensResolver.setAddr(childNode, _owner);

    ensResolver.setText(childNode, string(_key), string(_value));
  }

  function getPredictedAddresses(
    Token calldata _tokenData,
    Safe calldata _safeData,
    bytes calldata _subdomain
  )
    external
    returns (
      address token,
      address safe,
      address realityModule
    )
  {
    token = Clones.predictDeterministicAddress(
      erc20Singleton,
      keccak256(
        abi.encodePacked(
          _tokenData.tokenName,
          _tokenData.tokenSymbol,
          _tokenData.maxSupply
        )
      )
    );
    (safe, realityModule) = _createGnosisSafe(
      _safeData.safe,
      _safeData.zodiac,
      uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_subdomain, address(this))))
    );
  }

  function setENSRecord(
    bytes calldata _name,
    bytes calldata _key,
    bytes calldata _value
  ) external {
    bytes32 labelHash = keccak256(_name);

    bytes32 ensBaseNode = ensRegistrar.baseNode();
    bytes32 parentNode = _calculateENSNode(
      ensBaseNode,
      bytes32(ensDomainNFTId)
    );
    bytes32 childNode = _calculateENSNode(parentNode, labelHash);
    ensResolver.setText(childNode, string(_key), string(_value));

    emit ENSTextRecordSet(_name, _key, _value);

    require(msg.sender == ensResolver.addr(childNode), "Invalid owner");
  }
}

// File: contracts/implementations/StakingRewards.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@prb/math/contracts/PRBMathUD60x18.sol";
import "../interfaces/IStakingRewards.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

contract StakingRewards is IStakingRewards, Ownable {
  using SafeERC20 for ERC20;
  using PRBMathUD60x18 for uint256;

  ERC20 public immutable override rewardToken;

  // Dao token => dao reward data
  mapping(address => RewardDistribution) public override daoRewards;
  // Dao token => user address => user stake data
  mapping(address => mapping(address => UserStake)) public override userStakes;

  uint256 public lockupPeriod;

  constructor(
    address _rewardToken,
    address _owner,
    uint256 _lockupPeriod
  ) {
    require(_rewardToken != address(0), "invalid reward token");
    rewardToken = ERC20(_rewardToken);
    lockupPeriod = _lockupPeriod;
    transferOwnership(_owner);
  }

  modifier isUnlocked(address _daoToken) {
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender];
    require(
      block.timestamp >= user.timeStaked + lockupPeriod,
      "stake still locked"
    );
    _;
  }

  function setLockupPeriod(uint256 _lockupPeriod) external override onlyOwner {
    lockupPeriod = _lockupPeriod;
  }

  function stake(address _daoToken, uint256 _amount) external override {
    _processStake(msg.sender, _daoToken, _amount);
  }

  function stakeOnBehalf(
    address _user,
    address _daoToken,
    uint256 _amount
  ) external override {
    require(_user != address(0), "invalid user");
    _processStake(_user, _daoToken, _amount);
  }

  function unstake(
    address _daoToken,
    uint256 _amount,
    address _to
  ) external override isUnlocked(_daoToken) {
    require(_daoToken != address(0), "invalid token");
    require(_amount > 0, "invalid amount");
    require(_to != address(0), "invalid destination");

    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender];

    require(_amount <= user.stakedAmount, "invalid unstake amount");

    // Save their currently earned reward entitlement
    user.pendingRewards += _getRewardAmount(
      user.stakedAmount,
      dao.rewardPerToken,
      user.rewardEntry
    );

    user.stakedAmount -= _amount;
    user.rewardEntry = dao.rewardPerToken;
    dao.totalStake -= _amount;

    if (dao.totalStake == 0) {
      // Last man out the door resets the staking contract for that DAO.
      dao.rewardPerToken = 0;
    }

    daoRewards[_daoToken] = dao;
    userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender] = user;

    emit Unstake(msg.sender, _daoToken, _amount);

    ERC20(_daoToken).safeTransfer(_to, _amount);
  }

  function claimRewards(address _daoToken, address _to) external override {
    require(_daoToken != address(0), "invalid dao token");
    require(_to != address(0), "invalid destination");

    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender];

    uint256 entitlement = _getRewardAmount(
      user.stakedAmount,
      dao.rewardPerToken,
      user.rewardEntry
    ) + user.pendingRewards;

    user.pendingRewards = 0;
    user.rewardEntry = dao.rewardPerToken;

    userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender] = user;

    emit ClaimRewards(msg.sender, _daoToken, entitlement);

    rewardToken.safeTransfer(_to, entitlement);
  }

  function emergencyEject(address _daoToken, address _to)
    external
    override
    isUnlocked(_daoToken)
  {
    require(_daoToken != address(0), "invalid dao token");
    require(_to != address(0), "invalid destination");

    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender];

    uint256 entitlement = _getRewardAmount(
      user.stakedAmount,
      dao.rewardPerToken,
      user.rewardEntry
    ) + user.pendingRewards;

    uint256 ejectAmount = user.stakedAmount;
    user.stakedAmount = 0;
    user.rewardEntry = 0;
    user.pendingRewards = 0;
    dao.totalStake -= ejectAmount;

    if (dao.totalStake > 0) {
      // Distribute user's lost rewards to everyone else.
      dao.rewardPerToken = _calculateRewardPerToken(
        dao.rewardPerToken,
        entitlement,
        dao.totalStake
      );
    } else {
      // Last man out the door resets the dao
      dao.rewardPerToken = 0;
    }

    daoRewards[_daoToken] = dao;
    userStakes[_daoToken][msg.sender] = user;

    emit Eject(msg.sender, _daoToken, ejectAmount);

    ERC20(_daoToken).safeTransfer(_to, ejectAmount);
  }

  function distributeRewards(address _daoToken, uint256 _amount)
    external
    override
  {
    require(_daoToken != address(0), "invalid dao");
    require(_amount > 0, "invalid amount");

    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];

    if (dao.totalStake == 0) {
      dao.rewardPerToken += _amount;
    } else {
      dao.rewardPerToken = _calculateRewardPerToken(
        dao.rewardPerToken,
        _amount,
        dao.totalStake
      );
    }

    daoRewards[_daoToken] = dao;

    // Emit event
    emit Distribution(_daoToken, _amount);

    rewardToken.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
  }

  function pendingRewards(address _user, address _daoToken)
    external
    view
    override
    returns (uint256 rewardAmount)
  {
    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][_user];

    rewardAmount =
      _getRewardAmount(
        user.stakedAmount,
        dao.rewardPerToken,
        user.rewardEntry
      ) +
      user.pendingRewards;
  }

  /// ### Internal functions

  /// @notice Processes the stake for both stake and stake on behalf functions
  /// @param _user The user the tokens are being staked on behalf for
  /// @param _daoToken The governance token of the dao to be staked.
  /// @param _amount The amount of governance token to be staked
  function _processStake(
    address _user,
    address _daoToken,
    uint256 _amount
  ) internal {
    require(_daoToken != address(0), "invalid token");
    require(_amount > 0, "invalid amount");

    RewardDistribution memory dao = daoRewards[_daoToken];
    UserStake memory user = userStakes[_daoToken][_user];

    if (dao.totalStake == 0) {
      // Distribute reward amount equally across the first staker's tokens
      if (dao.rewardPerToken > 0) {
        user.pendingRewards = dao.rewardPerToken;
        dao.rewardPerToken = _calculateRewardPerToken(
          0,
          dao.rewardPerToken,
          _amount
        );
      }
    } else {
      user.pendingRewards += _getRewardAmount(
        user.stakedAmount,
        dao.rewardPerToken,
        user.rewardEntry
      );
    }

    user.rewardEntry = dao.rewardPerToken;
    user.stakedAmount += _amount;
    user.timeStaked = block.timestamp;
    dao.totalStake += _amount;

    daoRewards[_daoToken] = dao;
    userStakes[_daoToken][_user] = user;

    emit Stake(_user, _daoToken, _amount);

    ERC20(_daoToken).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
  }

  /// @notice Calculates the actual amount of reward token that a user is entitled to
  /// @param _userStake  The number of tokens a user has currently staked
  /// @param _rewardPerToken  The current reward per token A 60.18 fixed point number
  /// @param _userRewardEntry  The reward per token the last time the user modified their stake. A 60.18 fixed point number
  function _getRewardAmount(
    uint256 _userStake,
    uint256 _rewardPerToken,
    uint256 _userRewardEntry
  ) internal pure returns (uint256 rewardAmount) {
    if (_userStake == 0 || _rewardPerToken == _userRewardEntry) return 0;
    rewardAmount = PRBMathUD60x18.toUint(
      (_userStake.mul(_rewardPerToken) - (_userStake.mul(_userRewardEntry)))
    );
  }

  /// @notice Calculates the reward per token
  /// @param _currentRewardPerToken The current reward token per staked token
  /// @param _distribution  The amount to distribute
  /// @param _totalStake  The total amount of tokens staked
  function _calculateRewardPerToken(
    uint256 _currentRewardPerToken,
    uint256 _distribution,
    uint256 _totalStake
  ) internal pure returns (uint256 rewardPerToken) {
    rewardPerToken =
      _currentRewardPerToken +
      (PRBMathUD60x18.fromUint(_distribution).div(_totalStake));
  }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IClearingHouse.sol



// SPDX-License-Identefier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

import "../implementations/ERC20Singleton.sol";
import "../implementations/Governor.sol";
import "../implementations/StakingRewards.sol";

interface IClearingHouse {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            ERRORS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  error ApprovalExpired();
  error InvalidSignature();
  error UserAmountExceeded();

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EVENTS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  event ChildDaoRegistered(address childDaoToken);

  event TokensSwapped(address from, address to, uint256 amount, bool autoStake);

  event SetSwapFee(uint256 oldFee, uint256 newFee);

  event MaxSupplySet(uint256 maxSupply, ERC20Singleton token);

  event MaxSwapSet(uint256 maxSwap, ERC20Singleton token);

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EVENTS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  struct CauseInformation {
    bool childDaoRegistry;
    bool autoStaking;
    bool kycEnabled;
    uint256 release;
    uint256 maxSupply;
    uint256 maxSwap;
  }

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                          FUNCTIONS
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
  /**
   * @notice Updates the governor contract in state, an only owner function
   * @param _governor The address of the new governor contract
   */
  function addGovernor(Governor _governor) external;

  /**
   * @notice Adds a child dao token to the register of swappable tokens
   * @param _childDaoToken The address of the child dao's ERC20 token contract
   * @param _autoStaking whether the token has autostaking turned on by default
   * @param _maxSupply the max supply of the cause's token
   * @param _maxSwap the max that can be swapped of the cause's token
   * @param _release minimum time to start utilising the child dao
   */
  function registerChildDao(
    ERC20Singleton _childDaoToken,
    bool _autoStaking,
    bool _kycEnabled,
    uint256 _maxSupply,
    uint256 _maxSwap,
    uint256 _release
  ) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the auto stake state, an only owner function
   * @param _token the address of the child dao token that is set to autostake
   * @param _state Boolean of the new auto stake state
   */
  function setAutoStake(ERC20Singleton _token, bool _state) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the staking contract in state, an only owner function
   * @param _staking The address of the new staking contract
   */
  function setStaking(StakingRewards _staking) external;

  /**
   * @notice Swaps a user's 1Earth tokens for a specific child dao's tokens
   * @param _childDaoToken The address of the child dao's ERC20 token contract
   * @param _amount The amount of 1Earth tokens being swapped
   * @param _KYCId The unique ID for the individual that has been KYCed
   * @param _expiry The expiry of the approval from the administrator
   * @param _signature The signed approval from an admin that the user can undergo this transaction
   */
  function swapEarthForChildDao(
    ERC20Singleton _childDaoToken,
    uint256 _amount,
    bytes memory _KYCId,
    uint256 _expiry,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external;

  /**
   * @notice Swaps a user's tokens for a specific child dao for 1Earth tokens
   * @param _childDaoToken The address of the child dao's ERC20 token contract
   * @param _amount The amount of child dao tokens being swapped
   */
  function swapChildDaoForEarth(ERC20Singleton _childDaoToken, uint256 _amount)
    external;

  /**
   * @notice Swaps a user's tokens for a specific child dao for another specific child dao's tokens
   * @param _fromChildDaoToken The address of the child dao's ERC20 token contract whose tokens are being burnt
   * @param _toChildDaoToken The address of the child dao's ERC20 token contract whose tokens are being minted
   * @param _amount The amount of child dao tokens being swapped
   */
  function swapChildDaoForChildDao(
    ERC20Singleton _fromChildDaoToken,
    ERC20Singleton _toChildDaoToken,
    uint256 _amount
  ) external;

  /// @notice Sets the maximum amount of cause tokens that can be minted
  /// @param _maxSupply  the new maximum supply
  /// @param _token the token the maximum is being set for
  function setMaxSupply(uint256 _maxSupply, ERC20Singleton _token) external;

  /// @notice Sets the maximum amount a given account can swap for
  /// @param _maxSwap  the new maximum swap amount
  /// @param _token the token the maximum is being set for
  function setMaxSwap(uint256 _maxSwap, ERC20Singleton _token) external;

  /**
   * @notice Pauses the contract, an only owner function
   */
  function pause() external;

  /**
   * @notice Unpauses the contract, an only owner function
   */
  function unpause() external;

  function causeInformation(ERC20Singleton)
    external
    view
    returns (
      bool childDaoRegistry,
      bool autoStaking,
      bool kycEnabled,
      uint256 release,
      uint256 maxSupply,
      uint256 maxSwap
    );

  function earthToken() external view returns (ERC20);

  function staking() external view returns (StakingRewards);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IDonationsRouter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

import "../interfaces/IStakingRewards.sol";

interface IDonationsRouter {
  /// ### Structs
  struct CauseRegistrationRequest {
    address owner;
    uint256 rewardPercentage;
    address daoToken;
  }
  struct CauseUpdateRequest {
    address owner;
    uint256 rewardPercentage;
  }

  struct CauseRecord {
    address owner;
    address defaultWallet; /// Default wallet is calculated with cause Id and thin wallet id being equal to each other
    address daoToken;
    uint256 rewardPercentage; /// A PRBMath 60.18 fixed point number. 1e16 == 1% and 1e18 == 100%
  }

  struct WithdrawalRequest {
    address token;
    address recipient;
    uint256 amount;
  }

  struct ThinWalletID {
    uint256 causeId;
    bytes thinWalletId;
  }

  struct QueuedItem {
    uint128 next; // The next item to be claimed in the queue. If this is the last item (at back of queue), next should be 0
    uint128 previous; // The previous item in the queue. If this is the first item (at the front of the queue), previous should be 0
    bytes32 id; // An unique identifier for the queue item. This will link the add to queue and withdrawal functions.
    bool isUnclaimed; // Set to true when enqueuing. We can delete the struct when dequeueing, saving some gas.
  }

  /// ### Events

  event RegisterCause(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed daoToken,
    uint256 causeId
  );
  event RegisterWallet(address indexed walletAddress, ThinWalletID walletId);
  event WithdrawFromWallet(ThinWalletID wallet, WithdrawalRequest request);
  event UpdateCause(CauseRecord cause);
  event UpdateRewardAddress(
    address indexed oldRewardAddress,
    address indexed newAddress
  );
  event UpdateFee(uint256 oldFee, uint256 newFee);

  /// ### Functions

  /// @notice Creates a cause so that it can start using thin wallets that it controls
  /// @dev This should be an open function
  /// @param _cause  The cause to be registered
  function registerCause(CauseRegistrationRequest calldata _cause) external;

  /// @notice Updates a cause
  /// @dev Can only be called by the current owner of the cause
  /// @param _causeId  The cause to update
  /// @param _cause  The new details of the cause
  function updateCause(uint256 _causeId, CauseUpdateRequest calldata _cause)
    external;

  /// @notice Sets the address of the staking contract so rewards can be distributed
  /// @dev This should be secured
  /// @param _rewardContract  The new staking contract
  // function setRewardAddress(address _rewardContract) external;

  /// @notice Calculates the address that a given thin wallet is or will be deployed to
  /// @param _walletId  The wallet parameters to calculate the address from
  function calculateThinWallet(ThinWalletID calldata _walletId)
    external
    view
    returns (address wallet);

  /// @notice Deploys a thin wallet to the address derived from the parameters given
  /// @param _walletId  The wallet parameters
  /// @param _owners  The wallet owners to set. These accounts can transfer funds, so they should be limited
  function registerThinWallet(
    ThinWalletID calldata _walletId,
    address[] calldata _owners
  ) external;

  /// @notice Withdraws funds from the specified thin wallet
  /// @param _walletId  The wallet address parameters
  /// @param _withdrawal  An array of withdrawal requests for the wallet to process
  function withdrawFromThinWallet(
    ThinWalletID calldata _walletId,
    WithdrawalRequest calldata _withdrawal,
    bytes32 _proposalId
  ) external;

  /// @notice Allows the platform owner to set the platform fee
  /// @dev Only the platform owner should be able to call this
  /// @param _fee  The new platform fee
  function setPlatformFee(uint256 _fee) external;

  /// @notice Adds a queue which is linked to a unique identifier using the hash of combined causeID and proposalID
  /// @param _causeId The cause id
  /// @param _proposalId The proposal id
  function addToQueue(uint256 _causeId, bytes32 _proposalId) external;

  /// @notice Removes a queue arbitrarily at specified index
  /// @param _causeId The cause id
  /// @param _proposalId The proposal id
  /// @param _index The queue index
  function removeFromQueue(
    uint256 _causeId,
    bytes32 _proposalId,
    uint128 _index
  ) external;

  /// @notice Gets queue item at specific index
  /// @param _causeId The cause id
  /// @param _index The queue index
  function getQueueAtIndex(uint256 _causeId, uint128 _index)
    external
    view
    returns (QueuedItem memory item);

  /// @notice Gets first item in queue
  /// @param _causeId The cause id
  function getFirstInQueue(uint256 _causeId)
    external
    view
    returns (uint128 queueFront);

  /// @notice Gets last item in queue
  /// @param _causeId The cause id
  function getLastInQueue(uint256 _causeId)
    external
    view
    returns (uint128 queueBack);

  /// ### Autogenerated getters

  function baseToken() external view returns (ERC20 baseToken);

  function stakingContract()
    external
    view
    returns (IStakingRewards stakingContract);

  function causeId() external view returns (uint256 causeId);

  function tokenCauseIds(address token) external view returns (uint256 causeId);

  function causeRecords(uint256 causeId)
    external
    view
    returns (
      address owner,
      address defaultWallet,
      address daoToken,
      uint256 rewardPercentage
    );

  function platformFee() external view returns (uint256 fee);

  function deployedWallets(bytes32 _salt)
    external
    view
    returns (address wallet);

  function walletImplementation()
    external
    view
    returns (address walletImplementation);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IERC20Singleton.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

interface IERC20Singleton {
  function initialize(
    bytes calldata _name,
    bytes calldata _symbol,
    uint256 _maxSupply,
    address _owner
  ) external;

  function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external;

  function burn(address account, uint256 amount) external;
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IGovernor.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;
import "@ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/resolvers/PublicResolver.sol";
import "@ensdomains/ens-contracts/contracts/registry/ENSRegistry.sol";
import "@gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/contracts/proxies/GnosisSafeProxyFactory.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "../vendors/IENSRegistrar.sol";
import "./IClearingHouse.sol";
import "./IDonationsRouter.sol";

interface IGovernor {
  /// Structs
  struct ConstructorParams {
    PublicResolver ensResolver;
    ENSRegistry ensRegistry;
    IENSRegistrar ensRegistrar;
    GnosisSafeProxyFactory gnosisFactory;
    address gnosisSafeSingleton;
    address erc20Singleton;
    address parentDao;
    IClearingHouse clearingHouse;
    IDonationsRouter donationsRouter;
  }

  struct Token {
    bytes tokenName;
    bytes tokenSymbol;
    uint256 maxSupply;
    uint256 maxSwap;
    uint256 release;
    bool autoStaking;
    bool kycRequired;
    uint256 mintingAmount;
    uint256 rewardPercentage;
    bytes KYCId;
    uint256 expiry;
    bytes signature;
  }

  struct Safe {
    SafeCreationParams safe;
    ZodiacParams zodiac;
  }
  struct ZodiacParams {
    address zodiacFactory; // The factory to deploy from
    address moduleMasterCopy; // The module we want cloned
    address oracle; // The public reality.eth oracle contract
    uint32 timeout;
    uint32 cooldown;
    uint32 expiration;
    uint256 bond;
    uint256 templateId; // To be used to reuse a template
    string template; // If this.length > 0, it will be used to create a new template
    address arbitrator; // Should probably be kleros general court, or earthfund dao safe.
  }

  struct SafeCreationParams {
    address[] owners;
    uint256 threshold;
    address to;
    bytes data;
    address fallbackHandler;
    address paymentToken;
    uint256 payment;
    address payable paymentReceiver;
  }

  struct Subdomain {
    bytes subdomain;
    bytes snapshotKey;
    bytes snapshotValue;
  }

  /// Events
  event ChildDaoCreated(
    address indexed safe,
    address indexed token,
    bytes32 node
  );

  event ZodiacModuleEnabled(
    address indexed safe,
    address indexed module,
    uint256 oracleTemplateId
  );

  event RegisterCauseFailure(bytes failure);

  event ENSTextRecordSet(bytes subdomain, bytes key, bytes value);

  /// Functions

  /// @notice Creates the constituent components of a child dao
  /// @param _tokenData The details of the ERC20 token to create
  /// @param _safeData The details of the Gnosis safe to create
  /// @param _subdomain The details of the ens subdomain to create
  function createChildDAO(
    Token calldata _tokenData,
    Safe calldata _safeData,
    Subdomain calldata _subdomain
  ) external;

  /// @notice Transfers an ENS NFT into the contract for use with subdomains
  /// @param _domainNFTId The ENS NFT to transfer in
  function addENSDomain(uint256 _domainNFTId) external;

  /// @notice Removes the ENS domain from the contract
  /// @param _destination The account to transfer the domain to
  function withdrawENSDomain(address _destination) external;

  function setENSRecord(
    bytes calldata _name,
    bytes calldata _key,
    bytes calldata _value
  ) external;

  /// @notice Gets the predicted addresses required to create the correct snapshot k/v pair
  /// @dev This returns the address in the revert string. abi.decode(address,address,address) returns (token, safe, realityModule)
  /// @dev Call off chain using callstatic, and catching the revert string.
  /// @param _tokenData  The token creation parameters
  /// @param _safeData  The safe creation parameters
  /// @param _subdomain  The desired subdomain to be added to the earthfund ens record
  function getPredictedAddresses(
    Token calldata _tokenData,
    Safe calldata _safeData,
    bytes calldata _subdomain
  )
    external
    returns (
      address token,
      address safe,
      address realityModule
    );

  /// @notice Autogenerated getters
  function ensResolver() external view returns (PublicResolver);

  function ensRegistry() external view returns (ENSRegistry);

  function ensRegistrar() external view returns (IENSRegistrar);

  function gnosisFactory() external view returns (GnosisSafeProxyFactory);

  function gnosisSafeSingleton() external view returns (address);

  function erc20Singleton() external view returns (address);

  function ensDomainNFTId() external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IModuleProxyFactory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
// Source: https://github.com/gnosis/zodiac/blob/master/contracts/factory/ModuleProxyFactory.sol
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

interface IModuleProxyFactory {
  function deployModule(
    address masterCopy,
    bytes memory initializer,
    uint256 saltNonce
  ) external returns (address proxy);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IStakingRewards.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

interface IStakingRewards {
    /// ### Structs
    struct RewardDistribution {
        uint256 totalStake;
        uint256 rewardPerToken; // Needs to be boosted by 1e18 before storing so we don't lose precision
    }
    // If totalstake is 0, first staker gets everything. When ejecting, or withdrawing, and totalstake becomes 0, reward per token should also be set to 0.
    struct UserStake {
        uint256 stakedAmount;
        uint256 rewardEntry;
        uint256 pendingRewards;
        uint256 timeStaked;
    }

    /// ### Events
    event Stake(address indexed user, address indexed daoToken, uint256 amount);
    event Unstake(
        address indexed user,
        address indexed daoToken,
        uint256 amount
    );
    event ClaimRewards(
        address indexed user,
        address indexed daoToken,
        uint256 amount
    );
    event Distribution(address indexed daoToken, uint256 amount);
    event Eject(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed daoToken,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// ### Functions
    /// @notice Updates the lock up period in state
    /// @param _lockupPeriod The new 
    function setLockupPeriod(uint256 _lockupPeriod) external;

    /// @notice Stakes amount of dao token into the contract
    /// @param _daoToken The governance token of the dao to be staked.
    /// @param _amount The amount of governance token to be staked
    function stake(address _daoToken, uint256 _amount) external;

    /// @notice Stakes amount of dao token into the contract for a user
    /// @param _user The user the tokens are being staked on behalf for
    /// @param _daoToken The governance token of the dao to be staked.
    /// @param _amount The amount of governance token to be staked
    function stakeOnBehalf(address _user, address _daoToken, uint256 _amount) external;

    /// @notice Unstakes and transfers out a given amount of dao governance tokens
    /// @dev This function will also claim any outstanding rewards for the user
    /// @param _daoToken The dao governance token to unstake
    /// @param _amount The amount to remove
    /// @param _to The destination for the dao tokens and rewards
    function unstake(
        address _daoToken,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _to
    ) external;

    /// @notice Claims all outstanding rewards for the user for the specified dao
    /// @param _daoToken The dao to claim rewards for.
    /// @param _to The destination for the rewards
    function claimRewards(address _daoToken, address _to) external;

    /// @notice Withdraws the user's dao governance tokens without claiming any outstanding rewards
    /// @dev To be used as an emergency exit hatch for users. This will permanently lock any outstanding rewards for the user in the contract.
    /// @param _daoToken The dao governance token to eject.
    /// @param _to The destination wallet for the ejected tokens
    function emergencyEject(address _daoToken, address _to) external;

    /// @notice Updates the dao distribution to include an additional amount
    /// @dev This should pull tokens from the caller's account
    /// @dev This should be coded in such a way as to not require any kind of authorization other than providing an amount of reward tokens.
    /// @dev This should handle cases where there aren't any tokens staked: first staker gets everything.
    /// @param _daoToken The dao to distribute rewards to
    /// @param _amount The amount of reward token to distribute
    function distributeRewards(address _daoToken, uint256 _amount) external;

    /// @notice Returns the amount of claimable reward tokens for a user for a given dao
    /// @param _user The user who staked the tokens
    /// @param _daoToken The governance token of the dao the user has staked
    /// @return rewardAmount The amount of the reward token that the user is entitled to
    function pendingRewards(address _user, address _daoToken)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 rewardAmount);

    /// ### Autogenerated getter functions

    function lockupPeriod() external view returns (uint256);

    function rewardToken() external view returns (ERC20 rewardToken);

    function daoRewards(address _daoToken)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 totalStake, uint256 rewardPerToken);

    function userStakes(address _daoToken, address _user)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256 stakedAmount,
            uint256 rewardEntry,
            uint256 pendingRewards,
            uint256 timeStaked
        );
}

// File: contracts/vendors/IENSRegistrar.sol



import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

interface IENSRegistrar is IERC721 {
    function reclaim(uint256 id, address owner) external;

    function ens() external returns (address ens);

    function baseNode() external view returns (bytes32 base);
}

// File: contracts/vendors/IGnosisSafe.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.13;

interface IGnosisSafe {
  enum Operation {
    Call,
    DelegateCall
  }

  function getThreshold() external view returns (uint256);

  function isOwner(address owner) external view returns (bool);

  /// @dev Returns array of owners.
  /// @return Array of Safe owners.
  function getOwners() external view returns (address[] memory);

  function isModuleEnabled(address module) external view returns (bool);

  /// @dev Allows to execute a Safe transaction confirmed by required number of owners and then pays the account that submitted the transaction.
  ///      Note: The fees are always transferred, even if the user transaction fails.
  /// @param to Destination address of Safe transaction.
  /// @param value Ether value of Safe transaction.
  /// @param data Data payload of Safe transaction.
  /// @param operation Operation type of Safe transaction.
  /// @param safeTxGas Gas that should be used for the Safe transaction.
  /// @param baseGas Gas costs that are independent of the transaction execution(e.g. base transaction fee, signature check, payment of the refund)
  /// @param gasPrice Gas price that should be used for the payment calculation.
  /// @param gasToken Token address (or 0 if ETH) that is used for the payment.
  /// @param refundReceiver Address of receiver of gas payment (or 0 if tx.origin).
  /// @param signatures Packed signature data ({bytes32 r}{bytes32 s}{uint8 v})
  function execTransaction(
    address to,
    uint256 value,
    bytes calldata data,
    Operation operation,
    uint256 safeTxGas,
    uint256 baseGas,
    uint256 gasPrice,
    address gasToken,
    address payable refundReceiver,
    bytes memory signatures
  ) external payable returns (bool success);

  /// @dev Allows to remove an owner from the Safe and update the threshold at the same time.
  ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
  /// @notice Removes the owner `owner` from the Safe and updates the threshold to `_threshold`.
  /// @param prevOwner Owner that pointed to the owner to be removed in the linked list
  /// @param owner Owner address to be removed.
  /// @param _threshold New threshold.
  function removeOwner(
    address prevOwner,
    address owner,
    uint256 _threshold
  ) external;

  /// @dev Setup function sets initial storage of contract.
  /// @param _owners List of Safe owners.
  /// @param _threshold Number of required confirmations for a Safe transaction.
  /// @param to Contract address for optional delegate call.
  /// @param data Data payload for optional delegate call.
  /// @param fallbackHandler Handler for fallback calls to this contract
  /// @param paymentToken Token that should be used for the payment (0 is ETH)
  /// @param payment Value that should be paid
  /// @param paymentReceiver Address that should receive the payment (or 0 if tx.origin)
  function setup(
    address[] calldata _owners,
    uint256 _threshold,
    address to,
    bytes calldata data,
    address fallbackHandler,
    address paymentToken,
    uint256 payment,
    address payable paymentReceiver
  ) external;
}