// File: contracts/Gnome.sol



/*

░██████╗░███╗░░██╗░█████╗░███╗░░░███╗███████╗██╗░░░░░░█████╗░███╗░░██╗██████╗░
██╔════╝░████╗░██║██╔══██╗████╗░████║██╔════╝██║░░░░░██╔══██╗████╗░██║██╔══██╗
██║░░██╗░██╔██╗██║██║░░██║██╔████╔██║█████╗░░██║░░░░░███████║██╔██╗██║██║░░██║
██║░░╚██╗██║╚████║██║░░██║██║╚██╔╝██║██╔══╝░░██║░░░░░██╔══██║██║╚████║██║░░██║
╚██████╔╝██║░╚███║╚█████╔╝██║░╚═╝░██║███████╗███████╗██║░░██║██║░╚███║██████╔╝
░╚═════╝░╚═╝░░╚══╝░╚════╝░╚═╝░░░░░╚═╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚═╝░░╚═╝╚═╝░░╚══╝╚═════╝░

                                   ╓╓╓▄▄▄▓▓█▓▓▓▓▀▀▀▀▀▀▓█
                             ╓▄██▀╙╙░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░╠╬║█
                        ╓▄▓▀╙░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░╠╠╠║▌
                     ╓█╩░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░╠╠╠╠║▌
                   ▄█▒░░░░░░░░░░░░░▒▄██████▄▄░░░░░╠╠╠╠║▌
                 ╓██▀▀▀╙╙╚▀░░░░░▄██╩░░░░░░░░╙▀█▄▒░╠╠╠╠╬█
              ╓▓▀╙░░░░░░░░░░░░░╚╩░░░░░░░░░░░░░░╙▀█╠╠╠╠╬▓
             ▄╩░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░╠╠╠╠╠║▌
            ║██▓▓▓▓▓▄▄▒░░░░░░░░░░░▄▄██▓█▄▄▒░░░░░░░╠╠╠╠╠╬█
           ╔▀         ╙▀▀█▓▄▄▄██▀╙       └╙▀█▄▒░░░╠╠╠╠╠╠║▌
          ║█▀▀╙╙╙▀▀▓▄╖       ▄▄▓▓▓▓╗▄▄╓      ╙╙█▄▒░╠╠╠╠╠╬█
        ╓▀   ╓╓╓╓╓╓   ╙█▄ ▄▀╙          ╙▀▓▄      ╙▀▓▒▒╠╠╠║▌
        ▐██████████╙╙▀█▄ ╙█▄▓████████▀▀╗▄           █▀███╬█
        █║██████▌ ██    ╙██╓███████╙▀█   └▀╗╓       ║▒   ╙╙▓
       ╒▌╫███████╦╫█     ║ ╫███████╓▄█▌     └█╕     ║▌    ▀█▀▀
        █╚██████████    ╓╣ ║██████████▒    ╔▀╙      ║▒     └█
       ┌╣█╣████████╓╓▄▓▓▒▄█▄║████████▌╓╗╗▀╙        ╓█        ╚▄
       │█▄╗▀▀╙      ╙▀╙         ╙▀▀██▒            ▄█          ╙▄
     █▒                               ╙▀▀▀▀╠█▌╓▄▓▀             ║
      ╙█╓           ╓╓                   ╓██╩║▌                ║
       ╓╣███▄▄▄▄▓██╬╬╠╬███▄▄▄▄╓╓╓╓╓▄▄▄▓█╬╬▒░░╠█             ╔ ┌█
      ╓▌  ▀█╬╬▒╠╠╠╠░▒░░░╠╠╠╚╚╚╩╠╠╠╠╬███▀╩░░░▄█        ▓      █▀
     ╒▌   ╘█░╚╚╚╚╚▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀╚╚╚░░░░░░▄█▀╙         ║      ▐▌
     ╟     └▀█▄▒▒▒░░░░░░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▒▄▄█▓╝▀╙                    ▐▌
     ║░        ╙╙▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀╙╙                        ╓   █
      █                                                  ▓ ╓█
      ║▌   ╔                                            ╔█▀
       █   ╚▄                              ╓╩          ╔▀
       ╚▌   ╙                             ▓▀         ╓█╙
        ╙▌          ▐                  ╓═    ▄    ╓▄▀╙
          ▀▄        ╙▒                      ▄██▄█▀
            ╙▀▄╓║▄   └                    ▄╩
                ╙▀█                   ╓▄▀▀
                   ▀▓        ▄▄▓▀▀▀▀╙
                     └▀╗▄╓▄▀╙
    
    
https://www.gnomeland.money/
https://twitter.com/Gnome0xLand

$GNOME

Everywhere...

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

 */
// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/libraries/ExcessivelySafeCall.sol
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}

// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol@v5.0.0

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol@v5.0.0

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol@v5.0.0

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol@v5.0.0

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 */
abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            _totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                _balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     * ```
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

pragma solidity >=0.7.6;

abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor(address initialOwner) {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

library ExcessivelySafeCall {
    uint constant LOW_28_MASK = 0x00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;

    /// @notice Use when you _really_ really _really_ don't trust the called
    /// contract. This prevents the called contract from causing reversion of
    /// the caller in as many ways as we can.
    /// @dev The main difference between this and a solidity low-level call is
    /// that we limit the number of bytes that the callee can cause to be
    /// copied to caller memory. This prevents stupid things like malicious
    /// contracts returning 10,000,000 bytes causing a local OOG when copying
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function excessivelySafeCall(
        address _target,
        uint _gas,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // set up for assembly call
        uint _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := call(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                0, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
            // limit our copy to 256 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
            // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
            // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }

    /// @notice Use when you _really_ really _really_ don't trust the called
    /// contract. This prevents the called contract from causing reversion of
    /// the caller in as many ways as we can.
    /// @dev The main difference between this and a solidity low-level call is
    /// that we limit the number of bytes that the callee can cause to be
    /// copied to caller memory. This prevents stupid things like malicious
    /// contracts returning 10,000,000 bytes causing a local OOG when copying
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function excessivelySafeStaticCall(
        address _target,
        uint _gas,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal view returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // set up for assembly call
        uint _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := staticcall(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
            // limit our copy to 256 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
            // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
            // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Swaps function selectors in encoded contract calls
     * @dev Allows reuse of encoded calldata for functions with identical
     * argument types but different names. It simply swaps out the first 4 bytes
     * for the new selector. This function modifies memory in place, and should
     * only be used with caution.
     * @param _newSelector The new 4-byte selector
     * @param _buf The encoded contract args
     */
    function swapSelector(bytes4 _newSelector, bytes memory _buf) internal pure {
        require(_buf.length >= 4);
        uint _mask = LOW_28_MASK;
        assembly {
            // load the first word of
            let _word := mload(add(_buf, 0x20))
            // mask out the top 4 bytes
            // /x
            _word := and(_word, _mask)
            _word := or(_newSelector, _word)
            mstore(add(_buf, 0x20), _word)
        }
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/libraries/BytesLib.sol

/*
 * @title Solidity Bytes Arrays Utils
 * @author Gonçalo Sá <goncalo.sa@consensys.net>
 *
 * @dev Bytes tightly packed arrays utility library for ethereum contracts written in Solidity.
 *      The library lets you concatenate, slice and type cast bytes arrays both in memory and storage.
 */
pragma solidity >=0.8.0 <0.9.0;

library BytesLib {
    function concat(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
            // Solidity does for memory variables.
            tempBytes := mload(0x40)

            // Store the length of the first bytes array at the beginning of
            // the memory for tempBytes.
            let length := mload(_preBytes)
            mstore(tempBytes, length)

            // Maintain a memory counter for the current write location in the
            // temp bytes array by adding the 32 bytes for the array length to
            // the starting location.
            let mc := add(tempBytes, 0x20)
            // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the length of the
            // first bytes array.
            let end := add(mc, length)

            for {
                // Initialize a copy counter to the start of the _preBytes data,
                // 32 bytes into its memory.
                let cc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
            } lt(mc, end) {
                // Increase both counters by 32 bytes each iteration.
                mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                cc := add(cc, 0x20)
            } {
                // Write the _preBytes data into the tempBytes memory 32 bytes
                // at a time.
                mstore(mc, mload(cc))
            }

            // Add the length of _postBytes to the current length of tempBytes
            // and store it as the new length in the first 32 bytes of the
            // tempBytes memory.
            length := mload(_postBytes)
            mstore(tempBytes, add(length, mload(tempBytes)))

            // Move the memory counter back from a multiple of 0x20 to the
            // actual end of the _preBytes data.
            mc := end
            // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the new combined
            // length of the arrays.
            end := add(mc, length)

            for {
                let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
            } lt(mc, end) {
                mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                cc := add(cc, 0x20)
            } {
                mstore(mc, mload(cc))
            }

            // Update the free-memory pointer by padding our last write location
            // to 32 bytes: add 31 bytes to the end of tempBytes to move to the
            // next 32 byte block, then round down to the nearest multiple of
            // 32. If the sum of the length of the two arrays is zero then add
            // one before rounding down to leave a blank 32 bytes (the length block with 0).
            mstore(
                0x40,
                and(
                    add(add(end, iszero(add(length, mload(_preBytes)))), 31),
                    not(31) // Round down to the nearest 32 bytes.
                )
            )
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    function concatStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal {
        assembly {
            // Read the first 32 bytes of _preBytes storage, which is the length
            // of the array. (We don't need to use the offset into the slot
            // because arrays use the entire slot.)
            let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
            // Arrays of 31 bytes or less have an even value in their slot,
            // while longer arrays have an odd value. The actual length is
            // the slot divided by two for odd values, and the lowest order
            // byte divided by two for even values.
            // If the slot is even, bitwise and the slot with 255 and divide by
            // two to get the length. If the slot is odd, bitwise and the slot
            // with -1 and divide by two.
            let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
            let mlength := mload(_postBytes)
            let newlength := add(slength, mlength)
            // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
            // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
            // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
            switch add(lt(slength, 32), lt(newlength, 32))
            case 2 {
                // Since the new array still fits in the slot, we just need to
                // update the contents of the slot.
                // uint256(bytes_storage) = uint256(bytes_storage) + uint256(bytes_memory) + new_length
                sstore(
                    _preBytes.slot,
                    // all the modifications to the slot are inside this
                    // next block
                    add(
                        // we can just add to the slot contents because the
                        // bytes we want to change are the LSBs
                        fslot,
                        add(
                            mul(
                                div(
                                    // load the bytes from memory
                                    mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)),
                                    // zero all bytes to the right
                                    exp(0x100, sub(32, mlength))
                                ),
                                // and now shift left the number of bytes to
                                // leave space for the length in the slot
                                exp(0x100, sub(32, newlength))
                            ),
                            // increase length by the double of the memory
                            // bytes length
                            mul(mlength, 2)
                        )
                    )
                )
            }
            case 1 {
                // The stored value fits in the slot, but the combined value
                // will exceed it.
                // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

                // save new length
                sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

                // The contents of the _postBytes array start 32 bytes into
                // the structure. Our first read should obtain the `submod`
                // bytes that can fit into the unused space in the last word
                // of the stored array. To get this, we read 32 bytes starting
                // from `submod`, so the data we read overlaps with the array
                // contents by `submod` bytes. Masking the lowest-order
                // `submod` bytes allows us to add that value directly to the
                // stored value.

                let submod := sub(32, slength)
                let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

                sstore(
                    sc,
                    add(
                        and(fslot, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00),
                        and(mload(mc), mask)
                    )
                )

                for {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } {
                    sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                }

                mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

                sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
            }
            default {
                // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                // Start copying to the last used word of the stored array.
                let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

                // save new length
                sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

                // Copy over the first `submod` bytes of the new data as in
                // case 1 above.
                let slengthmod := mod(slength, 32)
                let mlengthmod := mod(mlength, 32)
                let submod := sub(32, slengthmod)
                let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

                sstore(sc, add(sload(sc), and(mload(mc), mask)))

                for {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } {
                    sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                }

                mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

                sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
            }
        }
    }

    function slice(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start, uint _length) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");

        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            switch iszero(_length)
            case 0 {
                // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                // Solidity does for memory variables.
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                // the actual length of the slice.
                let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

                // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                let end := add(mc, _length)

                for {
                    // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                    // as the one above.
                    let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                }

                mstore(tempBytes, _length)

                //update free-memory pointer
                //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
            }
            //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
            default {
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                mstore(tempBytes, 0)

                mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
            }
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (address) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 20, "toAddress_outOfBounds");
        address tempAddress;

        assembly {
            tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
        }

        return tempAddress;
    }

    function toUint8(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 1, "toUint8_outOfBounds");
        uint8 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint16(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 2, "toUint16_outOfBounds");
        uint16 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x2), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint32(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 4, "toUint32_outOfBounds");
        uint32 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x4), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint64(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 8, "toUint64_outOfBounds");
        uint64 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x8), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint96(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 12, "toUint96_outOfBounds");
        uint96 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0xc), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint128(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 16, "toUint128_outOfBounds");
        uint128 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x10), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint256(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (uint) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toUint256_outOfBounds");
        uint tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toBytes32(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toBytes32_outOfBounds");
        bytes32 tempBytes32;

        assembly {
            tempBytes32 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempBytes32;
    }

    function equal(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bool) {
        bool success = true;

        assembly {
            let length := mload(_preBytes)

            // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
            switch eq(length, mload(_postBytes))
            case 1 {
                // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                // cb = 0 - break
                let cb := 1

                let mc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
                let end := add(mc, length)

                for {
                    let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                    // the next line is the loop condition:
                    // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    // if any of these checks fails then arrays are not equal
                    if iszero(eq(mload(mc), mload(cc))) {
                        // unsuccess:
                        success := 0
                        cb := 0
                    }
                }
            }
            default {
                // unsuccess:
                success := 0
            }
        }

        return success;
    }

    function equalStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal view returns (bool) {
        bool success = true;

        assembly {
            // we know _preBytes_offset is 0
            let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
            // Decode the length of the stored array like in concatStorage().
            let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
            let mlength := mload(_postBytes)

            // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
            switch eq(slength, mlength)
            case 1 {
                // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
                // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
                // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
                if iszero(iszero(slength)) {
                    switch lt(slength, 32)
                    case 1 {
                        // blank the last byte which is the length
                        fslot := mul(div(fslot, 0x100), 0x100)

                        if iszero(eq(fslot, mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)))) {
                            // unsuccess:
                            success := 0
                        }
                    }
                    default {
                        // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                        //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                        // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                        // cb = 0 - break
                        let cb := 1

                        // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                        mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                        let sc := keccak256(0x0, 0x20)

                        let mc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                        let end := add(mc, mlength)

                        // the next line is the loop condition:
                        // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                        for {

                        } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                            sc := add(sc, 1)
                            mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                        } {
                            if iszero(eq(sload(sc), mload(mc))) {
                                // unsuccess:
                                success := 0
                                cb := 0
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            default {
                // unsuccess:
                success := 0
            }
        }

        return success;
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/lzApp/interfaces/ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig.sol

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice set the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    // @param _config - configuration in the bytes. can encode arbitrary content.
    function setConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, uint _configType, bytes calldata _config) external;

    // @notice set the send() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setSendVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice set the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setReceiveVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice Only when the UA needs to resume the message flow in blocking mode and clear the stored payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the chainId of the source chain
    // @param _srcAddress - the contract address of the source contract at the source chain
    function forceResumeReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external;
}

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/lzApp/interfaces/ILayerZeroEndpoint.sol

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroEndpoint is ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice send a LayerZero message to the specified address at a LayerZero endpoint.
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _destination - the address on destination chain (in bytes). address length/format may vary by chains
    // @param _payload - a custom bytes payload to send to the destination contract
    // @param _refundAddress - if the source transaction is cheaper than the amount of value passed, refund the additional amount to this address
    // @param _zroPaymentAddress - the address of the ZRO token holder who would pay for the transaction
    // @param _adapterParams - parameters for custom functionality. e.g. receive airdropped native gas from the relayer on destination
    function send(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        bytes calldata _destination,
        bytes calldata _payload,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        address _zroPaymentAddress,
        bytes calldata _adapterParams
    ) external payable;

    // @notice used by the messaging library to publish verified payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source contract (as bytes) at the source chain
    // @param _dstAddress - the address on destination chain
    // @param _nonce - the unbound message ordering nonce
    // @param _gasLimit - the gas limit for external contract execution
    // @param _payload - verified payload to send to the destination contract
    function receivePayload(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes calldata _srcAddress,
        address _dstAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        uint _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) external;

    // @notice get the inboundNonce of a lzApp from a source chain which could be EVM or non-EVM chain
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getInboundNonce(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice get the outboundNonce from this source chain which, consequently, is always an EVM
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getOutboundNonce(uint16 _dstChainId, address _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice gets a quote in source native gas, for the amount that send() requires to pay for message delivery
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    // @param _payload - the custom message to send over LayerZero
    // @param _payInZRO - if false, user app pays the protocol fee in native token
    // @param _adapterParam - parameters for the adapter service, e.g. send some dust native token to dstChain
    function estimateFees(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        address _userApplication,
        bytes calldata _payload,
        bool _payInZRO,
        bytes calldata _adapterParam
    ) external view returns (uint nativeFee, uint zroFee);

    // @notice get this Endpoint's immutable source identifier
    function getChainId() external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice the interface to retry failed message on this Endpoint destination
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    // @param _payload - the payload to be retried
    function retryPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, bytes calldata _payload) external;

    // @notice query if any STORED payload (message blocking) at the endpoint.
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function hasStoredPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for sending msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getSendLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for receiving msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getReceiveLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for send() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isSendingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for receive() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isReceivingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice get the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    function getConfig(
        uint16 _version,
        uint16 _chainId,
        address _userApplication,
        uint _configType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);

    // @notice get the send() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getSendVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice get the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getReceiveVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);
}

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/lzApp/interfaces/ILayerZeroReceiver.sol

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroReceiver {
    // @notice LayerZero endpoint will invoke this function to deliver the message on the destination
    // @param _srcChainId - the source endpoint identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source sending contract address from the source chain
    // @param _nonce - the ordered message nonce
    // @param _payload - the signed payload is the UA bytes has encoded to be sent
    function lzReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes calldata _payload) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Context.sol)

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/lzApp/LzApp.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/*
 * a generic LzReceiver implementation
 */
abstract contract LzApp is Ownable, ILayerZeroReceiver, ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    using BytesLib for bytes;

    // ua can not send payload larger than this by default, but it can be changed by the ua owner
    uint public constant DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT = 10000;

    ILayerZeroEndpoint public immutable lzEndpoint;
    mapping(uint16 => bytes) public trustedRemoteLookup;
    mapping(uint16 => mapping(uint16 => uint)) public minDstGasLookup;
    mapping(uint16 => uint) public payloadSizeLimitLookup;
    address public precrime;

    event SetPrecrime(address precrime);
    event SetTrustedRemote(uint16 _remoteChainId, bytes _path);
    event SetTrustedRemoteAddress(uint16 _remoteChainId, bytes _remoteAddress);
    event SetMinDstGas(uint16 _dstChainId, uint16 _type, uint _minDstGas);

    constructor(address _endpoint) {
        lzEndpoint = ILayerZeroEndpoint(_endpoint);
    }

    function lzReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes calldata _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) public virtual override {
        // lzReceive must be called by the endpoint for security
        require(_msgSender() == address(lzEndpoint), "LzApp: invalid endpoint caller");

        bytes memory trustedRemote = trustedRemoteLookup[_srcChainId];
        // if will still block the message pathway from (srcChainId, srcAddress). should not receive message from untrusted remote.
        require(
            _srcAddress.length == trustedRemote.length &&
                trustedRemote.length > 0 &&
                keccak256(_srcAddress) == keccak256(trustedRemote),
            "LzApp: invalid source sending contract"
        );

        _blockingLzReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload);
    }

    // abstract function - the default behaviour of LayerZero is blocking. See: NonblockingLzApp if you dont need to enforce ordered messaging
    function _blockingLzReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes memory _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes memory _payload
    ) internal virtual;

    function _lzSend(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        bytes memory _payload,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        address _zroPaymentAddress,
        bytes memory _adapterParams,
        uint _nativeFee
    ) internal virtual {
        bytes memory trustedRemote = trustedRemoteLookup[_dstChainId];
        require(trustedRemote.length != 0, "LzApp: destination chain is not a trusted source");
        _checkPayloadSize(_dstChainId, _payload.length);
        lzEndpoint.send{value: _nativeFee}(
            _dstChainId,
            trustedRemote,
            _payload,
            _refundAddress,
            _zroPaymentAddress,
            _adapterParams
        );
    }

    function _checkGasLimit(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        uint16 _type,
        bytes memory _adapterParams,
        uint _extraGas
    ) internal view virtual {
        uint providedGasLimit = _getGasLimit(_adapterParams);
        uint minGasLimit = minDstGasLookup[_dstChainId][_type];
        require(minGasLimit > 0, "LzApp: minGasLimit not set");
        require(providedGasLimit >= minGasLimit + _extraGas, "LzApp: gas limit is too low");
    }

    function _getGasLimit(bytes memory _adapterParams) internal pure virtual returns (uint gasLimit) {
        require(_adapterParams.length >= 34, "LzApp: invalid adapterParams");
        assembly {
            gasLimit := mload(add(_adapterParams, 34))
        }
    }

    function _checkPayloadSize(uint16 _dstChainId, uint _payloadSize) internal view virtual {
        uint payloadSizeLimit = payloadSizeLimitLookup[_dstChainId];
        if (payloadSizeLimit == 0) {
            // use default if not set
            payloadSizeLimit = DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_SIZE_LIMIT;
        }
        require(_payloadSize <= payloadSizeLimit, "LzApp: payload size is too large");
    }

    //---------------------------UserApplication config----------------------------------------
    function getConfig(
        uint16 _version,
        uint16 _chainId,
        address,
        uint _configType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return lzEndpoint.getConfig(_version, _chainId, address(this), _configType);
    }

    // generic config for LayerZero user Application
    function setConfig(
        uint16 _version,
        uint16 _chainId,
        uint _configType,
        bytes calldata _config
    ) external override onlyOwner {
        lzEndpoint.setConfig(_version, _chainId, _configType, _config);
    }

    function setSendVersion(uint16 _version) external override onlyOwner {
        lzEndpoint.setSendVersion(_version);
    }

    function setReceiveVersion(uint16 _version) external override onlyOwner {
        lzEndpoint.setReceiveVersion(_version);
    }

    function forceResumeReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external override onlyOwner {
        lzEndpoint.forceResumeReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress);
    }

    // _path = abi.encodePacked(remoteAddress, localAddress)
    // this function set the trusted path for the cross-chain communication
    function setTrustedRemote(uint16 _remoteChainId, bytes calldata _path) external onlyOwner {
        trustedRemoteLookup[_remoteChainId] = _path;
        emit SetTrustedRemote(_remoteChainId, _path);
    }

    function setTrustedRemoteAddress(uint16 _remoteChainId, bytes calldata _remoteAddress) external onlyOwner {
        trustedRemoteLookup[_remoteChainId] = abi.encodePacked(_remoteAddress, address(this));
        emit SetTrustedRemoteAddress(_remoteChainId, _remoteAddress);
    }

    function getTrustedRemoteAddress(uint16 _remoteChainId) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory path = trustedRemoteLookup[_remoteChainId];
        require(path.length != 0, "LzApp: no trusted path record");
        return path.slice(0, path.length - 20); // the last 20 bytes should be address(this)
    }

    function setPrecrime(address _precrime) external onlyOwner {
        precrime = _precrime;
        emit SetPrecrime(_precrime);
    }

    function setMinDstGas(uint16 _dstChainId, uint16 _packetType, uint _minGas) external onlyOwner {
        minDstGasLookup[_dstChainId][_packetType] = _minGas;
        emit SetMinDstGas(_dstChainId, _packetType, _minGas);
    }

    // if the size is 0, it means default size limit
    function setPayloadSizeLimit(uint16 _dstChainId, uint _size) external onlyOwner {
        payloadSizeLimitLookup[_dstChainId] = _size;
    }

    //--------------------------- VIEW FUNCTION ----------------------------------------
    function isTrustedRemote(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (bool) {
        bytes memory trustedSource = trustedRemoteLookup[_srcChainId];
        return keccak256(trustedSource) == keccak256(_srcAddress);
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/LayerZero-Labs/solidity-examples/blob/main/contracts/lzApp/NonblockingLzApp.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/*
 * the default LayerZero messaging behaviour is blocking, i.e. any failed message will block the channel
 * this abstract class try-catch all fail messages and store locally for future retry. hence, non-blocking
 * NOTE: if the srcAddress is not configured properly, it will still block the message pathway from (srcChainId, srcAddress)
 */
abstract contract NonblockingLzApp is LzApp {
    using ExcessivelySafeCall for address;

    constructor(address _endpoint) LzApp(_endpoint) {}

    mapping(uint16 => mapping(bytes => mapping(uint64 => bytes32))) public failedMessages;

    event MessageFailed(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes _payload, bytes _reason);
    event RetryMessageSuccess(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes _srcAddress, uint64 _nonce, bytes32 _payloadHash);

    // overriding the virtual function in LzReceiver
    function _blockingLzReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes memory _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes memory _payload
    ) internal virtual override {
        (bool success, bytes memory reason) = address(this).excessivelySafeCall(
            gasleft(),
            150,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(this.nonblockingLzReceive.selector, _srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload)
        );
        if (!success) {
            _storeFailedMessage(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload, reason);
        }
    }

    function _storeFailedMessage(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes memory _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes memory _payload,
        bytes memory _reason
    ) internal virtual {
        failedMessages[_srcChainId][_srcAddress][_nonce] = keccak256(_payload);
        emit MessageFailed(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload, _reason);
    }

    function nonblockingLzReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes calldata _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) public virtual {
        // only internal transaction
        require(_msgSender() == address(this), "NonblockingLzApp: caller must be LzApp");
        _nonblockingLzReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload);
    }

    //@notice override this function
    function _nonblockingLzReceive(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes memory _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes memory _payload
    ) internal virtual;

    function retryMessage(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes calldata _srcAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) public payable virtual {
        // assert there is message to retry
        bytes32 payloadHash = failedMessages[_srcChainId][_srcAddress][_nonce];
        require(payloadHash != bytes32(0), "NonblockingLzApp: no stored message");
        require(keccak256(_payload) == payloadHash, "NonblockingLzApp: invalid payload");
        // clear the stored message
        failedMessages[_srcChainId][_srcAddress][_nonce] = bytes32(0);
        // execute the message. revert if it fails again
        _nonblockingLzReceive(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, _payload);
        emit RetryMessageSuccess(_srcChainId, _srcAddress, _nonce, payloadHash);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.20;

contract GnomeLand is NonblockingLzApp, ERC20 {
    address public admin;

    uint256 public constant maxSupply = 72_000_000e18;
    uint256 public maxTradeAmount = 69000e18; //0.1%
    uint256 public maxSellAmount = 72000e18; //0.1%
    uint256 public maxBridge = 720000e18; //1%
    uint256 public maxWalletSize = 233000e18; //φ*0.2%

    mapping(address => bool) public isAuth;
    mapping(address => bool) public isGnome;

    address public frenRewarder;
    address public uniswapV3pool;
    uint256 public startTimestamp;
    uint256 public bridgeFee = 1;
    bool public isLimit = true;
    bool public isLimitSell = true;
    bool public onlyWL = true;
    bool public isLive = false;
    bool public bridgeHasFee = true;
    mapping(string => uint16) public destChainId;

    mapping(uint256 => bool) public isRewardMinted;

    constructor(address _lzEndpoint) NonblockingLzApp(_lzEndpoint) ERC20("GnomeLand", "GNOME") Ownable(msg.sender) {
        admin = msg.sender;
        destChainId["eth"] = 101; //lzendpoint: 0x66A71Dcef29A0fFBDBE3c6a460a3B5BC225Cd675
        destChainId["base"] = 184; //lzendpoint: 0xb6319cC6c8c27A8F5dAF0dD3DF91EA35C4720dd7
        destChainId["arb"] = 110; //lzendpoint: 0x3c2269811836af69497E5F486A85D7316753cf62
        destChainId["avax"] = 106; //lzendpoint: 0x3c2269811836af69497E5F486A85D7316753cf62
        destChainId["op"] = 111; //lzendpoint: 0x3c2269811836af69497E5F486A85D7316753cf62
        isGnome[msg.sender] = true;
        isAuth[msg.sender] = true;
        _mint(admin, maxSupply);
    }

    function _nonblockingLzReceive(uint16, bytes memory, uint64, bytes memory _payload) internal override {
        (address toAddress, uint amount) = abi.decode(_payload, (address, uint));
        _mint(toAddress, amount);
    }

    function bridge(string memory _chainTo, uint _amount) public payable {
        require(_amount <= maxBridge, "Maximum allowed bridge exceeded");

        uint amount;
        if (onlyWL) {
            require(isGnome[msg.sender], "Caller is not the authorized to bridge");
        }
        _burn(msg.sender, _amount);
        if (bridgeHasFee && !isGnome[msg.sender]) {
            amount = (_amount * (100 - bridgeFee)) / 100;
        } else {
            amount = _amount;
        }

        bytes memory payload = abi.encode(msg.sender, amount);
        _lzSend(destChainId[_chainTo], payload, payable(msg.sender), address(0x0), bytes(""), msg.value);
    }

    function trustAddress(string memory _chainTo, address _otherContract) public onlyOwner {
        trustedRemoteLookup[destChainId[_chainTo]] = abi.encodePacked(_otherContract, address(this));
    }

    modifier onlyAuth() {
        require(msg.sender == admin || isAuth[msg.sender], "Caller is not the authorized");
        _;
    }

    function setIsAuth(address fren, bool isAuthorized) external onlyAuth {
        isAuth[fren] = isAuthorized;
    }

    function setChainId(string memory _chain, uint16 _ID) external onlyAuth {
        destChainId[_chain] = _ID;
    }

    function removeLimits() external onlyAuth {
        isLimit = false;
    }

    function openTrade() external onlyAuth {
        isLive = true;
    }

    function removeSellLimit() external onlyAuth {
        isLimitSell = false;
    }

    function setBridgeWL(bool _bool) external onlyAuth {
        onlyWL = _bool;
    }

    function setBridgeHasFee(bool _bool) external onlyAuth {
        bridgeHasFee = _bool;
    }

    function setMaxWallet(uint256 newMaxWalletSize) external onlyAuth {
        require(newMaxWalletSize > maxWalletSize, "New max wallet size must be greater than current size");
        maxWalletSize = newMaxWalletSize;
    }

    function increaseMaxTradeAmount(uint256 newMaxTradeAmount) external onlyAuth {
        require(newMaxTradeAmount >= maxTradeAmount, "Cannot decrease max trade amount");
        maxTradeAmount = newMaxTradeAmount;
    }

    function increaseMaxSellAmount(uint256 newMaxSellAmount) external onlyAuth {
        require(newMaxSellAmount >= maxSellAmount, "Cannot decrease max trade amount");
        maxSellAmount = newMaxSellAmount;
    }

    function setBridgeFee(uint256 _fee) external onlyAuth {
        require(_fee <= 10, "Bridge Fee can't be bigger than 10%");
        bridgeFee = _fee;
    }

    function whitelistAddress(address wallet, bool isGnome_) external onlyAuth {
        isGnome[wallet] = isGnome_;
    }

    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public override returns (bool) {
        if (isGnome[to] || isGnome[msg.sender]) {
            return super.transfer(to, amount);
        } else if (isLimit) {
            require(isLive, "Trade Not Opened");
            require(amount <= maxTradeAmount, "Exceeds max trade amount");
            if (to != uniswapV3pool) {
                require(balanceOf(to) + amount <= maxWalletSize, "Exceeds max wallet size");
            }

            super.transfer(to, amount);

            return true;
        }
        return super.transfer(to, amount);
    }

    function setPool(address _pool) external onlyAuth {
        uniswapV3pool = _pool;
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public override returns (bool) {
        if (isGnome[to] || isGnome[from]) {
            return super.transferFrom(from, to, amount);
        } else if (isLimitSell) {
            require(amount <= maxSellAmount, "Exceeds max sell amount");

            super.transferFrom(from, to, amount);

            return true;
        }
        return super.transferFrom(from, to, amount);
    }
}