// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/Context.sol";
import "../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
     * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     *
     * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.6._
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(account),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";

/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
        address newBeacon,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Proxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";

/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
 *
 * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
 * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
 * things that go hand in hand:
 *
 * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
 * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
 * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
 * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
 * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
 *
 * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
 * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
 * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
 *
 * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
 * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
 */
contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
     * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     */
    constructor(
        address _logic,
        address admin_,
        bytes memory _data
    ) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
        _changeAdmin(admin_);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
     */
    modifier ifAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
        admin_ = _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
     */
    function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
        implementation_ = _implementation();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
        _changeAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
     * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
     * proxied contract.
     *
     * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable ifAdmin {
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
        require(msg.sender != _getAdmin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
        super._beforeFallback();
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.1) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!Address.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.2) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
     *
     * WARNING: Anyone calling this MUST ensure that the balances remain consistent with the ownership. The invariant
     * being that for any address `a` the value returned by `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such
     * that `ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __unsafe_increaseBalance(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _balances[account] += amount;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Burnable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Burnable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "../../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC721 Burnable Token
 * @dev ERC721 Token that can be burned (destroyed).
 */
abstract contract ERC721Burnable is Context, ERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Burns `tokenId`. See {ERC721-_burn}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own `tokenId` or be an approved operator.
     */
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _burn(tokenId);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC721 token with storage based token URI management.
 */
abstract contract ERC721URIStorage is ERC721 {
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Optional mapping for token URIs
    mapping(uint256 => string) private _tokenURIs;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory _tokenURI = _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        string memory base = _baseURI();

        // If there is no base URI, return the token URI.
        if (bytes(base).length == 0) {
            return _tokenURI;
        }
        // If both are set, concatenate the baseURI and tokenURI (via abi.encodePacked).
        if (bytes(_tokenURI).length > 0) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked(base, _tokenURI));
        }

        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `_tokenURI` as the tokenURI of `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory _tokenURI) internal virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721URIStorage: URI set of nonexistent token");
        _tokenURIs[tokenId] = _tokenURI;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_burn}. This override additionally checks to see if a
     * token-specific URI was set for the token, and if so, it deletes the token URI from
     * the storage mapping.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual override {
        super._burn(tokenId);

        if (bytes(_tokenURIs[tokenId]).length != 0) {
            delete _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/StorageSlot.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}

// File: contracts/app/WmbApp.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "../interfaces/IWmbGateway.sol";
import "../interfaces/IWmbReceiver.sol";

/**
 * @title WmbApp
 * @dev Abstract contract to be inherited by applications to use Wanchain Message Bridge for send and receive messages between different chains.
 * All interfaces with WmbGateway have been encapsulated, so users do not need to have any interaction with the WmbGateway contract.
 */
abstract contract WmbApp is AccessControl, Initializable, IWmbReceiver {
    // The address of the WMB Gateway contract
    address public wmbGateway;

    // A mapping of remote chains and addresses that are trusted to send messages to this contract
    // fromChainId => fromAddress => trusted
    mapping (uint => mapping(address => bool)) public trustedRemotes;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract with the given admin, WMB Gateway address, and block mode flag
     * @param admin Address of the contract admin
     * @param _wmbGateway Address of the WMB Gateway contract
     */
    function initialize(address admin, address _wmbGateway) virtual public initializer {
        // Initialize the AccessControl module with the given admin
        _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, admin);
        wmbGateway = _wmbGateway;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to set the trusted remote addresses
     * @param fromChainIds IDs of the chains the messages are from
     * @param froms Addresses of the contracts the messages are from
     * @param trusted Trusted flag
     * @notice This function can only be called by the admin
     */
    function setTrustedRemotes(uint[] calldata fromChainIds, address[] calldata froms, bool[] calldata trusted) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbApp: must have admin role to set trusted remotes");
        require(fromChainIds.length == froms.length && froms.length == trusted.length, "WmbApp: invalid input");
        for (uint i = 0; i < fromChainIds.length; i++) {
            trustedRemotes[fromChainIds[i]][froms[i]] = trusted[i];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to estimate fee in native coin for sending a message to the WMB Gateway
     * @param toChain ID of the chain the message is to
     * @param gasLimit Gas limit for the message
     * @return fee Fee in native coin
     */
    function estimateFee(uint256 toChain, uint256 gasLimit) virtual public view returns (uint256) {
        return IWmbGateway(wmbGateway).estimateFee(toChain, gasLimit);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to receive a WMB message from the WMB Gateway
     * @param data Message data
     * @param messageId Message ID
     * @param fromChainId ID of the chain the message is from
     * @param from Address of the contract the message is from
     */
    function wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) virtual external {
        // Only the WMB gateway can call this function
        require(msg.sender == wmbGateway, "WmbApp: Only WMB gateway can call this function");
        require(trustedRemotes[fromChainId][from], "WmbApp: Remote is not trusted");
        _wmbReceive(data, messageId, fromChainId, from);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to be implemented by the application to handle received WMB messages
     * @param data Message data
     * @param messageId Message ID
     * @param fromChainId ID of the chain the message is from
     * @param from Address of the contract the message is from
     */
    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) virtual internal;

    /**
     * @dev Function to send a WMB message to the WMB Gateway from this App
     * @param toChainId ID of the chain the message is to
     * @param to Address of the contract the message is to
     * @param data Message data
     * @return messageId Message ID
     */
    function _dispatchMessage(
        uint toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes memory data,
        uint fee
    ) virtual internal returns (bytes32) {
        return IWmbGateway(wmbGateway).dispatchMessage{value: fee}(toChainId, to, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to send batch WMB messages to the WMB Gateway from this App
     * @param toChainId ID of the chain the message is to
     * @param messages Messages data
     * @return messageId Message ID
     */
    function _dispatchMessageBatch(uint256 toChainId, Message[] memory messages, uint fee) virtual internal returns (bytes32) {
        return IWmbGateway(wmbGateway).dispatchMessageBatch{value: fee}(toChainId, messages);
    }
}

// File: contracts/app/WmbRetryableApp.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ExcessivelySafeCall.sol";
import "./WmbApp.sol";

/**
 * @title WmbRetryableApp
 * @dev Abstract contract to be inherited by applications to use Wanchain Message Bridge for send and receive messages and support retry failed transactions
 */
abstract contract WmbRetryableApp is WmbApp {
    // Import the ExcessivelySafeCall library for safe external function calls
    using ExcessivelySafeCall for address;

    // this is the gas reserve for storing the failed message data hash
    // so that we can retry it later
    // this is a constant value that is used in the wmbReceive function
    // and should be updated if the wmbReceive function is updated.
    uint256 public constant RESERVE_GAS_FOR_FAILED_MESSAGE_STORE = 50_000;

    // A mapping of failed messages by their chain ID, address, and message ID, with the value being the message hash
    // This is used to keep track of failed messages in order to retry them later
    // messageId => messageHash
    mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public failedMessages;

    event MessageFailed(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        uint256 indexed fromChainId,
        address indexed from,
        bytes data,
        bytes reason
    );

    event RetryMessageSuccess(
        uint256 indexed fromChainId,
        address indexed from,
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        bytes32 messageHash
    );

    event MessageDroped(
        bytes32 indexed messageId
    );

    /**
     * @dev Function to receive a WMB message from the WMB Gateway
     * @param data Message data
     * @param messageId Message ID
     * @param fromChainId ID of the chain the message is from
     * @param from Address of the contract the message is from
     */
    function wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) override external {
        // Only the WMB gateway can call this function
        require(msg.sender == wmbGateway, "WmbApp: Only WMB gateway can call this function");
        require(trustedRemotes[fromChainId][from], "WmbApp: Remote is not trusted");
        
        (bool success, bytes memory reason) = address(this).excessivelySafeCall(gasleft() - RESERVE_GAS_FOR_FAILED_MESSAGE_STORE, 150, abi.encodeWithSelector(this.nonblockingWmbReceive.selector, data, messageId, fromChainId, from));
        // try-catch all errors/exceptions
        if (!success) {
            _storeFailedMessage(data, messageId, fromChainId, from, reason);
        }
    }

    // @dev internal use only for safe non-blocking call to _wmbReceive
    function nonblockingWmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) public {
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "WmbApp: Only this contract can call this function");
        // call the internal _wmbReceive function, which should be implemented by the inheriting contract
        _wmbReceive(data, messageId, fromChainId, from);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retry a failed message by resending the same data
     * @param data The data of the failed message
     * @param messageId The ID of the failed message
     * @param fromChainId The ID of the source chain
     * @param from The address of the source contract
     */
    function retryMessage(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) public virtual {
        // assert there is message to retry
        bytes32 messageHash = failedMessages[messageId];
        require(messageHash != bytes32(0), "WmbApp: no stored message");
        require(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(data, messageId, fromChainId, from)) == messageHash, "WmbApp: invalid message data");
        // clear the stored message
        delete failedMessages[messageId];
        // execute the message. revert if it fails again
        _wmbReceive(data, messageId, fromChainId, from);
        emit RetryMessageSuccess(fromChainId, from, messageId, messageHash);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores the failed message in the `failedMessages` mapping and emits a `MessageFailed` event
     * @param data The data of the failed message
     * @param messageId The ID of the failed message
     * @param fromChainId The ID of the chain the message was sent from
     * @param from The address the message was sent from
     * @param _reason The reason why the message failed
     */
    function _storeFailedMessage(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from,
        bytes memory _reason
    ) internal virtual {
        failedMessages[messageId] = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(data, messageId, fromChainId, from));
        emit MessageFailed(messageId, fromChainId, from, data, _reason);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Drop a failed message by messageId
     * @param messageId The ID of the failed message
     */
    function _dropMessage(
        bytes32 messageId
    ) internal virtual {
        // clear the stored message
        delete failedMessages[messageId];
        emit MessageDroped(messageId);
    }
}

// File: contracts/examples/CCPoolV1.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

// Cross Chain Token Pool
contract CCPoolV1 is WmbApp {
    address public poolToken;

    // chain id => remote pool address
    mapping(uint => address) public remotePools;

    event CrossArrive(uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount, string crossType);

    event CrossRequest(uint256 indexed toChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway, address _poolToken) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
        poolToken = _poolToken;
    }

    function configRemotePool(uint256 chainId, address remotePool) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        remotePools[chainId] = remotePool;
    }

    function crossTo(uint256 toChainId, address to, uint256 amount, uint gasLimit) public payable {
        // check support before transfer
        require(remotePools[toChainId] != address(0), "remote pool not configured");
        IERC20(poolToken).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, gasLimit);
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, remotePools[toChainId], abi.encode(msg.sender, to, amount, "crossTo"), fee);
        emit CrossRequest(toChainId, msg.sender, to, amount);
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 /*messageId*/,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address /*fromSC*/
    ) internal override {
        (address fromAccount, address to, uint256 amount, string memory crossType) = abi.decode(data, (address, address, uint256, string));
        require(IERC20(poolToken).balanceOf(address(this)) >= amount, "Pool balance not enough");
        IERC20(poolToken).transfer(to, amount);
        emit CrossArrive(fromChainId, fromAccount, to, amount, crossType);
    }
}

// File: contracts/examples/CCPoolV2.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

// Cross Chain Token Pool
contract CCPoolV2 is WmbApp {
    address public poolToken;

    // chain id => remote pool address
    mapping(uint => address) public remotePools;

    event CrossArrive(uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount, string crossType);

    event CrossRequest(uint256 indexed toChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    event CrossRevert(uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    error RevertFailed (
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 fromChainId
    );

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway, address _poolToken) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
        poolToken = _poolToken;
    }

    function configRemotePool(uint256 chainId, address remotePool) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        remotePools[chainId] = remotePool;
    }

    function crossTo(uint256 toChainId, address to, uint256 amount) public payable {
        require(remotePools[toChainId] != address(0), "remote pool not configured");

        IERC20(poolToken).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);

        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, 800_000);

        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, remotePools[toChainId], abi.encode(msg.sender, to, amount, "crossTo"), fee);

        emit CrossRequest(toChainId, msg.sender, to, amount);
    }

    // Transfer in enough native coin for fee. 
    receive() external payable {}

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 /*messageId*/,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address fromSC
    ) internal override {
        (address fromAccount, address to, uint256 amount, string memory crossType) = abi.decode(data, (address, address, uint256, string));
        if (IERC20(poolToken).balanceOf(address(this)) >= amount) {
            IERC20(poolToken).transfer(to, amount);
            emit CrossArrive(fromChainId, fromAccount, to, amount, crossType);
        } else {
            if (keccak256(bytes(crossType)) == keccak256("crossTo")) {
                uint fee = estimateFee(fromChainId, 400_000);
                _dispatchMessage(fromChainId, fromSC, abi.encode(to, fromAccount, amount, "crossRevert"), fee);
                emit CrossRevert(fromChainId, fromAccount, to, amount);
            } else {
                revert RevertFailed(fromAccount, to, amount, fromChainId);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/examples/CCPoolV3.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

// Cross Chain Token Pool for bitrock
contract CCPoolV3 is WmbApp, ReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    address public poolToken;

    // chain id => remote pool address
    mapping(uint => address) public remotePools;

    event CrossArrive(uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount, string crossType);
    event CrossRequest(uint256 indexed toChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
    event CrossRevert(uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    error RevertFailed (
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 fromChainId
    );

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway, address _poolToken) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
        poolToken = _poolToken;
    }

    function configRemotePool(uint256 chainId, address remotePool) public onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        remotePools[chainId] = remotePool;
    }

    function crossTo(uint256 toChainId, uint256 amount) public payable nonReentrant {
        require(remotePools[toChainId] != address(0), "remote pool not configured");
        IERC20(poolToken).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, 800_000);
        require(msg.value >= fee, "Insufficient fee");
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, remotePools[toChainId], abi.encode(msg.sender, msg.sender, amount, "crossTo"), fee);
        emit CrossRequest(toChainId, msg.sender, msg.sender, amount);
    }

    // Transfer in enough native coin for fee. 
    receive() external payable {}

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 /*messageId*/,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address fromSC
    ) internal override {
        (address fromAccount, address to, uint256 amount, string memory crossType) = abi.decode(data, (address, address, uint256, string));
        if (IERC20(poolToken).balanceOf(address(this)) >= amount) {
            IERC20(poolToken).safeTransfer(to, amount);
            emit CrossArrive(fromChainId, fromAccount, to, amount, crossType);
        } else {
            if (keccak256(bytes(crossType)) == keccak256("crossTo")) {
                uint fee = estimateFee(fromChainId, 400_000);
                _dispatchMessage(fromChainId, fromSC, abi.encode(to, fromAccount, amount, "crossRevert"), fee);
                emit CrossRevert(fromChainId, fromAccount, to, amount);
            } else {
                revert RevertFailed(fromAccount, to, amount, fromChainId);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/examples/MCToken.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

contract MCToken is ERC20, WmbApp {
    event CrossChainMint(bytes32 indexed messageId, uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed to, uint256 amount, address fromSC);

    constructor(
        string memory _name, 
        string memory _symbol, 
        uint256 _supply, 
        address _admin, 
        address _wmbGateway
    ) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {
        _mint(_admin, _supply);
        initialize(_admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address fromSC
    ) internal override {
        (address to, uint256 amount) = abi.decode(data, (address, uint256));
        _mint(to, amount);
        emit CrossChainMint(messageId, fromChainId, to, amount, fromSC);
    }

    function crossTo(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address toSC,
        address toUser,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) public payable {
        _burn(msg.sender, amount);
        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, gasLimit);
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, toSC, abi.encode(toUser, amount), fee);
    }
}


// File: contracts/examples/MCTokenV2.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

// Adapte the same message interface with CCPoolV1
contract MCTokenV2 is ERC20, WmbApp {
    event CrossChainMint(bytes32 indexed messageId, uint256 indexed fromChainId, address indexed to, uint256 amount, address fromSC);

    constructor(
        string memory _name, 
        string memory _symbol, 
        uint256 _supply, 
        address _admin, 
        address _wmbGateway
    ) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {
        _mint(_admin, _supply);
        initialize(_admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address fromSC
    ) internal override {
        (, address to, uint256 amount,) = abi.decode(data, (address, address, uint256, string));
        _mint(to, amount);
        emit CrossChainMint(messageId, fromChainId, to, amount, fromSC);
    }

    function crossTo(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address toSC,
        address toUser,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) public payable {
        _burn(msg.sender, amount);
        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, gasLimit);
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, toSC, abi.encode(msg.sender, toUser, amount, "crossTo"), fee);
    }
}


// File: contracts/examples/Messager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../app/WmbApp.sol";
// import "@wandevs/message/contracts/app/WmbApp.sol";

contract Messager is WmbApp {
    mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public messages;

    constructor(address _wmbGateway) WmbApp() {
        initialize(msg.sender, _wmbGateway);
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 /*fromChainId*/,
        address /*fromSC*/
    ) internal override {
		messages[messageId] = data;
    }

    function sendMessage(
        uint256 toChainId, address toAddress, 
        bytes memory msgData, uint256 gasLimit) public payable {
        uint256 fee = estimateFee(toChainId, gasLimit);
        require(msg.value >= fee, "Insufficient fee");
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, toAddress, msgData, msg.value);
    }
}


// File: contracts/examples/MultichainNFT.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Burnable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

interface IChainID {
    function chainId() external view returns (uint256);
}

contract MultichainNFT is WmbApp, ERC721, ERC721URIStorage, ERC721Burnable, Ownable {
    mapping(uint => address) public dstChainNftSC;

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway) WmbApp() ERC721("MultichainNFT", "MCT") {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    // Transfer in enough native coin for fee.
    receive() external payable {}

    function configDstSc(
        uint dstChainId,
        address dstSc
    ) external onlyOwner {
        dstChainNftSC[dstChainId] = dstSc;
    }

    /**
     * Mint NFT to dstChainId
     * @param dstChainId destination chain id
     * @param to destination address
     * @param tokenId token id
     * @param uri token uri
     */
    function safeMint(uint dstChainId, address to, uint256 tokenId, string memory uri)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        _safeMint(dstChainId, to, tokenId, uri);
    }

    // nft cross chain 
    function crossChain(
        uint dstChainId,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        string memory uri
    ) public onlyOwner {
        // not support current chain 
        require(dstChainId != IChainID(wmbGateway).chainId(), "MultichainNFT: dstChainId was wrong");
        // check nft owner 
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "MultichainNFT: not owner");
        // burn nft
        _burn(tokenId);
        _safeMint(dstChainId, to, tokenId, uri);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage)
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, AccessControl)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function _safeMint(uint dstChainId, address to, uint256 tokenId, string memory uri)
        internal
    {
        if (dstChainId == IChainID(wmbGateway).chainId()) {
            _safeMint(to, tokenId);
            _setTokenURI(tokenId, uri);
        } else {
            require(dstChainNftSC[dstChainId] != address(0), "MultichainNFT: dstChainNftSC not exists");

            uint fee = estimateFee(dstChainId, 1_000_000);
            _dispatchMessage(
                dstChainId,
                dstChainNftSC[dstChainId],
                abi.encode(
                    to,
                    tokenId,
                    uri
                ),
                fee
            );
        }
    }

    // _wmbReceive is called when a message is received from another chain.
    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 /*messageId*/,
        uint256 /*fromChainId*/,
        address /*from*/
    ) internal override {
        (address to, uint256 tokenId, string memory uri) = abi.decode(
            data,
            (address, uint256, string)
        );
        _safeMint(to, tokenId);
        _setTokenURI(tokenId, uri);
    }

    // The following functions are overrides required by Solidity.

    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) {
        super._burn(tokenId);
    }


}

// File: contracts/examples/PingPong.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

contract PingPong is WmbApp {
    uint256 public pingCount;
    uint256 public pongCount;

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    // Transfer in enough native coin for fee. 
    receive() external payable {}

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 /*messageId*/,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) internal override {
        if (data[0] == 0x01) {
            pingCount++;
            uint fee = estimateFee(fromChainId, 200_000);
            _dispatchMessage(fromChainId, from, abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0x02)), fee);
        } else if (data[0] == 0x02) {
            pongCount++;
        }
    }

    // send ping message 
    function ping(uint256 toChainId, address to) public {
        uint fee = estimateFee(toChainId, 200_000);
        _dispatchMessage(toChainId, to, abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0x01)), fee);
    }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IEIP5164.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// EIP-5164 defines a cross-chain execution interface for EVM-based blockchains. 
// Implementations of this specification will allow contracts on one chain to call contracts on another by sending a cross-chain message.
// https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-5164.md

struct Message {
    address to;
    bytes data;
}

interface MessageDispatcher {
  event MessageDispatched(
    bytes32 indexed messageId,
    address indexed from,
    uint256 indexed toChainId,
    address to,
    bytes data
  );

  event MessageBatchDispatched(
    bytes32 indexed messageId,
    address indexed from,
    uint256 indexed toChainId,
    Message[] messages
  );
}

interface SingleMessageDispatcher is MessageDispatcher {
    /**
     * @notice Sends a message to a specified chain and address with the given data.
     * @dev This function is used to dispatch a message to a specified chain and address with the given data.
     * @param toChainId The chain ID of the destination chain.
     * @param to The address of the destination contract on the destination chain.
     * @param data The data to be sent to the destination contract.
     * @return messageId A unique identifier for the dispatched message.
     */ 
    function dispatchMessage(uint256 toChainId, address to, bytes calldata data) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);
}

interface BatchedMessageDispatcher is MessageDispatcher {
    /**
     * @notice Sends a batch of messages to a specified chain.
     * @dev This function is used to dispatch a batch of messages to a specified chain and returns a unique identifier for the dispatched batch.
     * @param toChainId The chain ID of the destination chain.
     * @param messages An array of Message struct objects containing the destination addresses and data to be sent to each destination contract.
     * @return messageId A unique identifier for the dispatched batch.
     */ 
    function dispatchMessageBatch(uint256 toChainId, Message[] calldata messages) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);
}

/**
 * MessageExecutor
 *
 * MessageExecutors MUST append the ABI-packed (messageId, fromChainId, from) to the calldata for each message being executed.
 *
 * to: The address of the contract to call.
 * data: The data to cross-chain.
 * messageId: The unique identifier of the message being executed.
 * fromChainId: The ID of the chain the message originated from.
 * from: The address of the sender of the message.
 * to.call(abi.encodePacked(data, messageId, fromChainId, from));
 */
interface MessageExecutor {
    error MessageIdAlreadyExecuted(
        bytes32 messageId
    );

    error MessageFailure(
        bytes32 messageId,
        bytes errorData
    );

    error MessageBatchFailure(
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 messageIndex,
        bytes errorData
    );

    event MessageIdExecuted(
        uint256 indexed fromChainId,
        bytes32 indexed messageId
    );
}

interface IEIP5164 is SingleMessageDispatcher, BatchedMessageDispatcher, MessageExecutor {}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IWanchainMPC.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IWanchainMPC {
    /**
     * @dev Retrieves the configuration of a Storeman Group by ID
     * @param id The ID of the Storeman Group to retrieve
     * @return groupId The group ID of the Storeman Group
     * @return status The status of the Storeman Group
     * @return deposit The deposit amount of the Storeman Group
     * @return chain1 The ID of the first chain supported by the Storeman Group
     * @return chain2 The ID of the second chain supported by the Storeman Group
     * @return curve1 The ID of the first elliptic curve supported by the Storeman Group
     * @return curve2 The ID of the second elliptic curve supported by the Storeman Group
     * @return gpk1 The Group Public Key for the first elliptic curve
     * @return gpk2 The Group Public Key for the second elliptic curve
     * @return startTime The start time of the Storeman Group
     * @return endTime The end time of the Storeman Group
     */
    function getStoremanGroupConfig(
        bytes32 id
    ) external view returns (
        bytes32 groupId,
        uint8 status,
        uint deposit,
        uint chain1,
        uint chain2,
        uint curve1,
        uint curve2,
        bytes memory gpk1,
        bytes memory gpk2,
        uint startTime,
        uint endTime
    );

    /**
     * @dev Verifies a signature using the provided parameters
     * @param curveId The ID of the elliptic curve used for the signature
     * @param signature The signature to be verified
     * @param groupKeyX The X component of the group public key
     * @param groupKeyY The Y component of the group public key
     * @param randomPointX The X component of the random point
     * @param randomPointY The Y component of the random point
     * @param message The message that was signed
     * @return true if the signature is valid, false otherwise
     */
    function verify(
        uint curveId,
        bytes32 signature,
        bytes32 groupKeyX,
        bytes32 groupKeyY,
        bytes32 randomPointX,
        bytes32 randomPointY,
        bytes32 message
    ) external returns (bool);

    function getPartners() external view returns(address tokenManager, address smgAdminProxy, address smgFeeProxy, address quota, address sigVerifier);
    
    function currentChainID() external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IWmbConfig.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IWmbConfig {
    /**
     * @dev Batch sets the base fee for different target chains
     * @param targetChainIds An array of target chain IDs
     * @param baseFees An array of base fee values, corresponding to the target chain IDs
     */
    function batchSetBaseFees(uint256[] calldata targetChainIds, uint256[] calldata baseFees) external;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the signature verification and contract addresses
     * @param signatureVerifier The address of the signature verification contract
     */
    function setSignatureVerifier(address signatureVerifier) external;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the maximum global gas limit
     * @param maxGasLimit The maximum global gas limit value to set
     * @param minGasLimit The minimum global gas limit value to set
     * @param defaultGasLimit The default global gas limit value to set
     */
    function setGasLimit(uint256 maxGasLimit, uint256 minGasLimit, uint256 defaultGasLimit) external;

    /**
     * @notice Sets the maximum message length allowed by the contract
     * @param _maxMessageLength The maximum message length
     */
    function setMaxMessageLength(uint256 _maxMessageLength) external;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the supported destination chains
     * @param targetChainIds An array of target chain IDs
     * @param supported An array of supported values, corresponding to the target chain IDs
     */
    function setSupportedDstChains(uint256[] calldata targetChainIds, bool[] calldata supported) external;
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IWmbGateway.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IEIP5164.sol";

/**
 * @title IWmbGateway
 * @dev Interface for the Wanchain Message Bridge Gateway contract
 * @dev This interface is used to send and receive messages between chains
 * @dev This interface is based on EIP-5164
 * @dev It extends the EIP-5164 interface, adding a custom gasLimit feature.
 */
interface IWmbGateway is IEIP5164 {
    /**
     * @dev Estimates the fee required to send a message to a target chain
     * @param targetChainId ID of the target chain
     * @param gasLimit Total Gas limit for the message call
     * @return fee The estimated fee for the message call
     */
    function estimateFee(
        uint256 targetChainId,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    /**
     * @dev Receives a message sent from another chain and verifies the signature of the sender.
     * @param messageId Unique identifier of the message to prevent replay attacks
     * @param sourceChainId ID of the source chain
     * @param sourceContract Address of the source contract
     * @param targetContract Address of the target contract
     * @param messageData Data sent in the message
     * @param gasLimit Gas limit for the message call
     * @param smgID ID of the Wanchain Storeman Group that signs the message
     * @param r R component of the SMG MPC signature
     * @param s S component of the SMG MPC signature
     * 
     * This function receives a message sent from another chain and verifies the signature of the sender using the provided SMG ID and signature components (r and s). 
     * If the signature is verified successfully, the message is executed on the target contract. 
     * The nonce value is used to prevent replay attacks. 
     * The gas limit is used to limit the amount of gas that can be used for the message execution.
     */
    function receiveMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address sourceContract,
        address targetContract,
        bytes calldata messageData,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes32 smgID, 
        bytes calldata r, 
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Receives a message sent from another chain and verifies the signature of the sender.
     * @param messageId Unique identifier of the message to prevent replay attacks
     * @param sourceChainId ID of the source chain
     * @param sourceContract Address of the source contract
     * @param messages Data sent in the message
     * @param gasLimit Gas limit for the message call
     * @param smgID ID of the Wanchain Storeman Group that signs the message
     * @param r R component of the SMG MPC signature
     * @param s S component of the SMG MPC signature
     * 
     * This function receives a message sent from another chain and verifies the signature of the sender using the provided SMG ID and signature components (r and s). 
     * If the signature is verified successfully, the message is executed on the target contract. 
     * The nonce value is used to prevent replay attacks. 
     * The gas limit is used to limit the amount of gas that can be used for the message execution.
     */
    function receiveBatchMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address sourceContract,
        Message[] calldata messages,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes32 smgID,
        bytes calldata r, 
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    error SignatureVerifyFailed(
        bytes32 smgID,
        bytes32 sigHash,
        bytes r,
        bytes32 s
    );

    error StoremanGroupNotReady(
        bytes32 smgID,
        uint256 status,
        uint256 timestamp,
        uint256 startTime,
        uint256 endTime
    );
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IWmbReceiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title IWmbReceiver
 * @dev Interface for contracts that can receive messages from the Wanchain Message Bridge (WMB).
 */
interface IWmbReceiver {
    /**
     * @dev Handles a message received from the WMB network
     * @param data The data contained within the message
     * @param messageId The unique identifier of the message
     * @param fromChainId The ID of the chain that sent the message
     * @param from The address of the contract that sent the message
     * 
     * This interface follows the EIP-5164 standard.
     */
    function wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) external;
}

// File: contracts/test/MockApp.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../app/WmbApp.sol";

contract MockApp is WmbApp {
    
    struct MessageData {
        bytes32 messageId;
        bytes data;
        uint256 fromChainId;
        address from;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => MessageData) public receivedMessages;
    mapping(uint => bytes32) public sentMessages;
    uint public sentCount;

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    function burnGas() public pure {
        uint256 a;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            a = i * i;
        }
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            a = i + i;
        }
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) internal override {
        receivedMessages[messageId] = MessageData(messageId, data, fromChainId, from);
        burnGas();
    }

    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 messageId = _dispatchMessage(toChainId, to, data, msg.value);
        sentMessages[sentCount] = messageId;
        sentCount++;
    }

    function dispatchMessageBatch(
        uint256 toChainId,
        Message[] calldata messages
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 messageId = _dispatchMessageBatch(toChainId, messages, msg.value);
        sentMessages[sentCount] = messageId;
        sentCount++;
    }
}

// File: contracts/test/MockMPC.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../interfaces/IWanchainMPC.sol";

contract MockMPC is IWanchainMPC {
    uint256 public bip44chainId;
    constructor(uint256 _bip44chainId) {
        bip44chainId = _bip44chainId;
    }

    function getStoremanGroupConfig(bytes32 /*id*/) external view override returns (bytes32, uint8, uint, uint, uint, uint, uint, bytes memory, bytes memory, uint, uint) {
        return (0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234, 5, 1000, 1, 2, 1, 2, abi.encodePacked("group public key 1"), abi.encodePacked("group public key 2"), block.timestamp - 100, block.timestamp + 36000000);
    }

    function verify(
        uint /*curveId*/, 
        bytes32 /*signature*/, 
        bytes32 /*groupKeyX*/, 
        bytes32 /*groupKeyY*/, 
        bytes32 /*randomPointX*/, 
        bytes32 /*randomPointY*/, 
        bytes32 /*message*/
    ) external override pure returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    function getPartners() external view returns(address tokenManager, address smgAdminProxy, address smgFeeProxy, address quota, address sigVerifier) {
        return (address(0), address(this), address(0), address(0), address(this));
    }
    
    function currentChainID() external view returns (uint256) {
        return bip44chainId;
    }
}


// File: contracts/test/MockRetryableApp.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "../app/WmbRetryableApp.sol";

contract MockRetryableApp is WmbRetryableApp {
    
    struct MessageData {
        bytes32 messageId;
        bytes data;
        uint256 fromChainId;
        address from;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => MessageData) public receivedMessages;
    mapping(uint => bytes32) public sentMessages;
    uint public sentCount;

    constructor(address admin, address _wmbGateway) WmbApp() {
        initialize(admin, _wmbGateway);
    }

    function burnGas() public pure {
        uint256 a;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            a = i * i;
        }
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            a = i + i;
        }
    }

    function _wmbReceive(
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 fromChainId,
        address from
    ) internal override {
        receivedMessages[messageId] = MessageData(messageId, data, fromChainId, from);
        burnGas();
    }

    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 messageId = _dispatchMessage(toChainId, to, data, msg.value);
        sentMessages[sentCount] = messageId;
        sentCount++;
    }

    function dispatchMessageBatch(
        uint256 toChainId,
        Message[] calldata messages
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 messageId = _dispatchMessageBatch(toChainId, messages, msg.value);
        sentMessages[sentCount] = messageId;
        sentCount++;
    }

    function dropMessage(bytes32 messageId) public {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbApp: must have admin role to set trusted remotes");
        _dropMessage(messageId);
    }
}

// File: contracts/utils/ExcessivelySafeCall.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.6;

library ExcessivelySafeCall {
    uint256 constant LOW_28_MASK =
    0x00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;

    /// @notice Use when you _really_ really _really_ don't trust the called
    /// contract. This prevents the called contract from causing reversion of
    /// the caller in as many ways as we can.
    /// @dev The main difference between this and a solidity low-level call is
    /// that we limit the number of bytes that the callee can cause to be
    /// copied to caller memory. This prevents stupid things like malicious
    /// contracts returning 10,000,000 bytes causing a local OOG when copying
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function excessivelySafeCall(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // set up for assembly call
        uint256 _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := call(
            _gas, // gas
            _target, // recipient
            0, // ether value
            add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
            mload(_calldata), // inlen
            0, // outloc
            0 // outlen
            )
        // limit our copy to 256 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
        // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
        // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }

    /// @notice Use when you _really_ really _really_ don't trust the called
    /// contract. This prevents the called contract from causing reversion of
    /// the caller in as many ways as we can.
    /// @dev The main difference between this and a solidity low-level call is
    /// that we limit the number of bytes that the callee can cause to be
    /// copied to caller memory. This prevents stupid things like malicious
    /// contracts returning 10,000,000 bytes causing a local OOG when copying
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function excessivelySafeStaticCall(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal view returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // set up for assembly call
        uint256 _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := staticcall(
            _gas, // gas
            _target, // recipient
            add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
            mload(_calldata), // inlen
            0, // outloc
            0 // outlen
            )
        // limit our copy to 256 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
        // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
        // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Swaps function selectors in encoded contract calls
     * @dev Allows reuse of encoded calldata for functions with identical
     * argument types but different names. It simply swaps out the first 4 bytes
     * for the new selector. This function modifies memory in place, and should
     * only be used with caution.
     * @param _newSelector The new 4-byte selector
     * @param _buf The encoded contract args
     */
    function swapSelector(bytes4 _newSelector, bytes memory _buf)
    internal
    pure
    {
        require(_buf.length >= 4);
        uint256 _mask = LOW_28_MASK;
        assembly {
        // load the first word of
            let _word := mload(add(_buf, 0x20))
        // mask out the top 4 bytes
        // /x
            _word := and(_word, _mask)
            _word := or(_newSelector, _word)
            mstore(add(_buf, 0x20), _word)
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/utils/WmbGatewayProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;
/**
 * Wanchain Message Bridge
 * https://wanchain.org/ 
 */

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol";

contract WmbGatewayProxy is TransparentUpgradeableProxy {
    constructor(
        address _logic,
        address admin_,
        bytes memory _data
    ) payable TransparentUpgradeableProxy(_logic, admin_, _data) {}
}

// File: contracts/WmbGateway.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.18;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWmbGateway.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWmbConfig.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWanchainMPC.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWmbReceiver.sol";

/**
 * @title WmbGateway
 * @dev The main entry point of Wanchain cross-chain asset transfer system.
 *      The contract serves as a gateway for cross-chain transactions between different blockchain networks. 
 */
contract WmbGateway is AccessControl, Initializable, ReentrancyGuard, IWmbGateway, IWmbConfig {
    // slip-0044 standands chainId for local chain
    uint256 public chainId;

    // Global maximum gas limit for a message
    uint256 public maxGasLimit;
    uint256 public minGasLimit;
    uint256 public defaultGasLimit;

    uint256 public maxMessageLength;

    // Address of the signature verification contract
    address public signatureVerifier;

    // Address of the Wanchain Storeman Admin contract
    address public wanchainStoremanAdminSC;

    // Mapping of message IDs to message execution status
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public messageExecuted;

    // Mapping of target chain IDs to base fees
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public baseFees;

    // Mapping of messageId to gas limit
    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public messageGasLimit;

    // Mapping of sourceChainId->dstChainId->sourceContract->targetContract->nonce to prevent replay attacks
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)))) public nonces;

    // Mapping of target chain IDs to supported status
    mapping(uint256 => bool) public supportedDstChains;

    struct ReceiveMsgData {
        uint256 sourceChainId;
        address sourceContract;
        address targetContract;
        bytes messageData;
        uint256 gasLimit;
    }

    struct ReceiveBatchMsgData {
        uint256 sourceChainId;
        address sourceContract;
        Message[] messages;
        uint256 gasLimit;
    }

    struct SigData {
        bytes32 sigHash;
        bytes32 smgID; 
        bytes r;
        bytes32 s;
    }

    // Status of a Storeman Group
    enum GroupStatus { none, initial, curveSeted, failed, selected, ready, unregistered, dismissed }
    

    function initialize(address admin, address _cross) public initializer {
        require(admin != address(0), "WmbGateway: Invalid admin address");
        // Initialize the AccessControl module with the given admin
        address _oracleCross;
        address _signatureVerifierCross;
        (, _oracleCross, , , _signatureVerifierCross) = IWanchainMPC(_cross).getPartners();
        uint _chainId = IWanchainMPC(_cross).currentChainID();
        require(_chainId != 0, "chainId is empty");

        IWanchainMPC(_cross).getPartners();
        chainId = _chainId;
        maxGasLimit = 8_000_000;
        minGasLimit = 150_000;
        defaultGasLimit = 1_000_000;
        maxMessageLength = 10_000;
        signatureVerifier = _signatureVerifierCross;
        wanchainStoremanAdminSC = _oracleCross;

        _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, admin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Public interface functions for the WMB Gateway contract.
     */

    function dispatchMessage(uint256 toChainId, address to, bytes calldata data) external payable nonReentrant returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        require(supportedDstChains[toChainId], "WmbGateway: Unsupported destination chain");
        require(msg.value >= minGasLimit * baseFees[toChainId], "WmbGateway: Fee too low");
        require(msg.value <= maxGasLimit * baseFees[toChainId], "WmbGateway: Fee too large");
        
        uint gasLimit = _getGasLimitFromValue(toChainId);
        messageId = _getMessageId(toChainId, to, data);
        messageGasLimit[messageId] = gasLimit;
        emit MessageDispatched(messageId, msg.sender, toChainId, to, data);
    }

    function dispatchMessageBatch(uint256 toChainId, Message[] calldata messages) external payable nonReentrant returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        require(supportedDstChains[toChainId], "WmbGateway: Unsupported destination chain");
        require(msg.value >= minGasLimit * baseFees[toChainId], "WmbGateway: Fee too low");
        
        uint length = messages.length;
        uint gasLimit = _getGasLimitFromValue(toChainId);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            bytes32 subId = _getMessageId(toChainId, messages[i].to, messages[i].data);
            if (i == 0) {
                messageId = subId;
            } else {
                messageId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(messageId, subId));
            }
        }

        messageGasLimit[messageId] = gasLimit;
        emit MessageBatchDispatched(messageId, msg.sender, toChainId, messages);
    }

    function estimateFee(
        uint256 targetChainId,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) public view returns (uint256 fee) {
        require(supportedDstChains[targetChainId], "WmbGateway: Unsupported destination chain");
        require(gasLimit <= maxGasLimit, "WmbGateway: Gas limit exceeds maximum");
        if (gasLimit < minGasLimit) {
            return baseFees[targetChainId] * minGasLimit;
        }
        return baseFees[targetChainId] * gasLimit;
    }

    // Receives a message sent from another chain
    function receiveMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address sourceContract,
        address targetContract,
        bytes calldata messageData,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes32 smgID, 
        bytes calldata r, 
        bytes32 s
    ) external {
        bytes32 sigHash = keccak256(abi.encode(
            messageId,
            sourceChainId,
            sourceContract,
            chainId,
            targetContract,
            messageData
        ));

        // verify signature
        _verifyMpcSignature(
            SigData(
                sigHash, smgID, r, s
            )
        );

        _receiveMessage(
            messageId,
            ReceiveMsgData(
                sourceChainId,
                sourceContract,
                targetContract,
                messageData,
                gasLimit
            )
        );
    }

    // Receives a message sent from another chain
    function receiveBatchMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address sourceContract,
        Message[] calldata messages,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes32 smgID,
        bytes calldata r, 
        bytes32 s
    ) external {
        bytes32 sigHash = keccak256(abi.encode(
            messageId,
            sourceChainId,
            sourceContract,
            chainId,
            messages
        ));

        // verify signature
        _verifyMpcSignature(
            SigData(
                sigHash, smgID, r, s
            )
        );

        _receiveBatchMessage(
            messageId,
            ReceiveBatchMsgData(
                sourceChainId,
                sourceContract,
                messages,
                gasLimit
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function for the WMB Gateway contract, to be used by the contract administrator.
     * These functions are only accessible to accounts with the DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE.
     */

    function batchSetBaseFees(uint256[] calldata _targetChainIds, uint256[] calldata _baseFees) external {
        // limit AccessControl
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        require(_targetChainIds.length == _baseFees.length, "WmbGateway: Invalid input");
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _targetChainIds.length; i++) {
            baseFees[_targetChainIds[i]] = _baseFees[i];
        }
    }

    function setSignatureVerifier(address _signatureVerifier) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        signatureVerifier = _signatureVerifier;
    }

    function setGasLimit(uint256 _maxGasLimit, uint256 _minGasLimit, uint256 _defaultGasLimit) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        maxGasLimit = _maxGasLimit;
        minGasLimit = _minGasLimit;
        defaultGasLimit = _defaultGasLimit;
    }

    function setMaxMessageLength(uint256 _maxMessageLength) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        maxMessageLength = _maxMessageLength;
    }

    function withdrawFee(address payable _to) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        _to.transfer(address(this).balance);
    }

    function setSupportedDstChains(uint256[] calldata targetChainIds, bool[] calldata supported) external {
        require(hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender), "WmbGateway: Caller is not an admin");
        require(targetChainIds.length == supported.length, "WmbGateway: Invalid input");
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targetChainIds.length; i++) {
            supportedDstChains[targetChainIds[i]] = supported[i];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal Functions.
     */

    /// @notice                                 check the storeman group is ready or not
    /// @param smgID                            ID of storeman group
    /// @return curveID                         ID of elliptic curve
    /// @return PK                              PK of storeman group
    function _acquireReadySmgInfo(bytes32 smgID)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint curveID, bytes memory PK)
    {
        uint8 status;
        uint startTime;
        uint endTime;
        (,status,,,,curveID,,PK,,startTime,endTime) = IWanchainMPC(wanchainStoremanAdminSC).getStoremanGroupConfig(smgID);

        if (!(status == uint8(GroupStatus.ready) && block.timestamp >= startTime && block.timestamp <= endTime)) {
            revert StoremanGroupNotReady({
                smgID: smgID,
                status: uint256(status),
                timestamp: block.timestamp,
                startTime: startTime,
                endTime: endTime
            });
        }

        return (curveID, PK);
    }

    /// @notice       convert bytes to bytes32
    /// @param b      bytes array
    /// @param offset offset of array to begin convert
    function _bytesToBytes32(bytes memory b, uint offset) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        assembly {
            result := mload(add(add(b, offset), 32))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Verifies an MPC signature for a given message and Storeman Group ID
     * @param sig The signature to verify
     */
    function _verifyMpcSignature(SigData memory sig) internal {
        uint curveID;
        bytes memory PK;

        // Acquire the curve ID and group public key for the given Storeman Group ID
        (curveID, PK) = _acquireReadySmgInfo(sig.smgID);

        // Extract the X and Y components of the group public key
        bytes32 PKx = _bytesToBytes32(PK, 0);
        bytes32 PKy = _bytesToBytes32(PK, 32);

        // Extract the X and Y components of the signature
        bytes32 Rx = _bytesToBytes32(sig.r, 0);
        bytes32 Ry = _bytesToBytes32(sig.r, 32);

        // Verify the signature using the Wanchain MPC contract
        if (!IWanchainMPC(signatureVerifier).verify(curveID, sig.s, PKx, PKy, Rx, Ry, sig.sigHash)) {
            revert SignatureVerifyFailed({
                smgID: sig.smgID,
                sigHash: sig.sigHash,
                r: sig.r,
                s: sig.s
            });
        }
    }

    function _getGasLimitFromValue(uint256 toChain) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (baseFees[toChain] == 0) {
            return defaultGasLimit;
        }
        return msg.value / baseFees[toChain];
    }

    function _getMessageId(
        uint256 targetChainId,
        address targetContract,
        bytes calldata messageData
    ) internal returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        uint256 nonce = ++nonces[chainId][targetChainId][msg.sender][targetContract];
        require(messageData.length <= maxMessageLength, "WmbGateway: Message too long");
        messageId = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
            chainId,
            msg.sender,
            targetChainId,
            targetContract,
            messageData,
            nonce
        ));
    }

    function _receiveMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        ReceiveMsgData memory data
    ) internal {
        if(messageExecuted[messageId]) {
            revert MessageIdAlreadyExecuted({messageId: messageId});
        }
        messageExecuted[messageId] = true;
        
        try IWmbReceiver(data.targetContract).wmbReceive{gas: data.gasLimit}(data.messageData, messageId, data.sourceChainId, data.sourceContract) {
            emit MessageIdExecuted(data.sourceChainId, messageId);
        } catch (bytes memory reason) {
            revert MessageFailure({
                messageId: messageId,
                errorData: reason
            });
        }
    }

    function _receiveBatchMessage(
        bytes32 messageId,
        ReceiveBatchMsgData memory data
    ) internal {
        if(messageExecuted[messageId]) {
            revert MessageIdAlreadyExecuted({messageId: messageId});
        }
        messageExecuted[messageId] = true;
        
        uint length = data.messages.length;
        uint i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            try IWmbReceiver(data.messages[i].to).wmbReceive{gas: gasleft()}(data.messages[i].data, messageId, data.sourceChainId, data.sourceContract) {
                // do nothing
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                revert MessageBatchFailure({
                    messageId: messageId,
                    messageIndex: i,
                    errorData: reason
                });
            }
        }
        
        emit MessageIdExecuted(data.sourceChainId, messageId);
    }
}