// File: WAGGame.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWildAbduction.sol";
import "./interfaces/IBank.sol";
import "./interfaces/ITraits.sol";
import "./interfaces/ILAND.sol";
import "./interfaces/IRandomizer.sol";

contract WAGGame is Ownable, Pausable, ERC721Enumerable {

    bool private _reentrant = false;

    modifier nonReentrant() {
        require(!_reentrant, "No reentrancy");
        _reentrant = true;
        _;
        _reentrant = false;
    }

    struct Whitelist {
    bool isWhitelisted;
    uint16 numMinted;
    bool freeMint;
    }

    bool public hasPublicSaleStarted;
    uint256 public presalePrice = 0.025 ether;
    uint256 public publicPrice = 0.04 ether;
    uint256 maxLandCost = 70000 ether;
    uint256 maxTokens = 40000;
    uint256 private startedTime;

    mapping (address => Whitelist) private _whitelistAddresses;
    mapping (address => bool) private _freeMintAddresses;

    ILAND public land;
    ITraits public traits;
    IWildAbduction wagNFT;
    IBank bank;

    constructor(ILAND _land, ITraits _traits, IWildAbduction _wagNFT) ERC721("WAG Game", 'WGAME') {
        land = _land;
        hasPublicSaleStarted = false;
        wagNFT = _wagNFT;
        _pause;
        traits = _traits;
        startedTime = block.timestamp;
    }

    modifier requireContractsSet() {
      require(address(land) != address(0) && address(traits) != address(0) 
        && address(wagNFT) != address(0) && address(bank) != address(0)
        , "Contracts not set");
      _;
    }

    function setBank(address _bank) external onlyOwner {
        bank = IBank(_bank);
    }
    

    /* EXTERNAL */

    /**
     * mint a token - 88.75% Cowboy, 10% Alien, 1.25% Mutant
     * The first 11.11% are free to claim, the remaining cost $LAND
     */

     function mint(uint256 amount, bool stake) external payable whenNotPaused nonReentrant requireContractsSet {
        require(tx.origin == _msgSender(), "Only EOA");
        uint16 minted = wagNFT.minted();
        uint256 paidTokens = wagNFT.getPaidTokens();
        require(amount + minted <= maxTokens);
        require(amount > 0 && amount <= 20, "Invalid mint amount");

        if (minted < paidTokens) {
            require(minted + amount <= paidTokens, "All gen 0's minted");
            if (hasPublicSaleStarted) {
                require(msg.value >= amount * publicPrice, "Invalid payment amount");
            } else {
                require(_whitelistAddresses[_msgSender()].isWhitelisted, "Not on whitelist");
                if (_whitelistAddresses[_msgSender()].freeMint == true) {
                    require(msg.value == (amount * presalePrice) - presalePrice);
                    _whitelistAddresses[_msgSender()].freeMint = false;
                } else {
                    require(msg.value == amount * presalePrice, "Invalid payment amount");
                }
                require(_whitelistAddresses[_msgSender()].numMinted + amount <= 20, "too many mints");
                _whitelistAddresses[_msgSender()].numMinted += uint16(amount);
            }
        } else {
            require(msg.value == 0);
        }

        uint256 totalLandCost = 0;
        uint16[] memory tokenIds = new uint16[](amount);
        uint256 seed = 0;

        for  (uint i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
            minted++;
            seed = random(minted);
            address recipient = _msgSender();

            if (minted <= paidTokens || ((seed >> 245) % 10) != 0) {
                recipient = _msgSender();
            } else {
                recipient = bank.randomAlienOwner(seed >> 144);
                if (recipient == address(0x0)) {
                    recipient = _msgSender();
                }
            }

            tokenIds[i] = minted;
            if (!stake || recipient != _msgSender()) {
                wagNFT.mint(recipient, seed);
            } else {
                wagNFT.mint(address(bank), seed);
            }
            totalLandCost += mintCost(minted, paidTokens);
        }

        if (totalLandCost > 0) {
            land.burn(_msgSender(), totalLandCost);
        }

        if (stake) {
            bank.addManyToBankAndPack(_msgSender(), tokenIds);
        }
    }

    function addToWhitelist(address[] calldata addressesToAdd, bool freeMint) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < addressesToAdd.length; i++) {
            _whitelistAddresses[addressesToAdd[i]] = Whitelist(true, 0, freeMint);
        }
    }

    function setPublicSaleStart(bool started) external onlyOwner {
        hasPublicSaleStarted = started;
        if(hasPublicSaleStarted) {
            startedTime = block.timestamp;
        }
    } 

     /**
     * the first 4444 are paid in ETH
     * 4445 - 20,000 are 20000 $land
     * 20,001 - 30,000 are 40000 $land
     * 30,001 - 40,000 are 70000 $land
     * @param tokenId the ID to check the cost of to mint
   * @return the cost of the given token ID
   */
    function mintCost(uint256 tokenId, uint256 paidTokens) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (tokenId <= paidTokens) return 0;
        if (tokenId <= maxTokens * 1 / 2) return 20000 ether;
        if (tokenId <= maxTokens * 3 / 4) return 40000 ether;
        return 70000 ether;
    }

    /** INTERNAL */

  /**
   * the first 25% (ETH purchases) go to the minter
   * the remaining 80% have a 10% chance to be given to a random staked dragon
   * @param seed a random value to select a recipient from
   * @return the address of the recipient (either the minter or the Dragon thief's owner)
   */
    function selectRecipient(uint256 seed, uint256 minted, uint256 paidTokens) internal view returns (address) {
        if (minted <= paidTokens || ((seed >> 245) % 10) != 0) return _msgSender(); // top 10 bits haven't been used
        address thief = bank.randomAlienOwner(seed >> 144); // 144 bits reserved for trait selection
        if (thief == address(0x0)) return _msgSender();
        return thief;
    }

    /**
     * generates a pseudorandom number
     * @param seed a value ensure different outcomes for different sources in the same block
   * @return a pseudorandom value
   */
    function random(uint256 seed) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return
            uint256(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        tx.origin,
                        blockhash(block.number - 1),
                        block.timestamp,
                        seed
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    
    /** ADMIN */
    /**
    * enables owner to pause / unpause contract
    */
    function setPaused(bool _paused) external requireContractsSet onlyOwner {
        if (_paused) _pause();
        else _unpause();
    }

    function setmaxLandCost(uint256 _amount) external requireContractsSet onlyOwner {
        maxLandCost = _amount;
    } 

    /**
    * allows owner to withdraw funds from minting
    */
    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }

}
// File: interfaces/IRandomizer.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IRandomizer {
    function random() external view returns (uint256);
    function randomCall() external;
}
// File: interfaces/ILAND.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

interface ILAND {
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external;
    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) external;
    // function updateOriginAccess() external;
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}
// File: interfaces/ITraits.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE 

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

interface ITraits {
  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
  function selectTrait(uint16 seed, uint8 traitType) external view returns(uint8);
}
// File: interfaces/IBank.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

import "../Bank.sol";

interface IBank {
    function addManyToBankAndPack(address account, uint16[] calldata tokenIds) external;
    function randomAlienOwner(uint256 seed) external view returns (address);
    function bank(uint256) external view returns(uint16, uint80, address);
    function totalLANDEarned() external view returns(uint256);
    function lastClaimTimestamp() external view returns(uint256);
    function setOldTokenInfo(uint256 _tokenId) external;

    function pack(uint256, uint256) external view returns(Bank.Stake memory);
    function packIndices(uint256) external view returns(uint256);

}
// File: interfaces/IWildAbduction.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

interface IWildAbduction {

    // struct to store each token's traits
    struct CowboyAlien {
        bool isCowboy;
        bool isMutant;
        uint8 pants;
        uint8 top;
        uint8 hat;
        uint8 weapon;
        uint8 accessory;
        uint8 alphaIndex;
    }

    function minted() external returns (uint16);
    function mint(address recipient, uint256 seed) external;
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) external;
    function getPaidTokens() external view returns (uint256);
    function getTokenTraits(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (CowboyAlien memory);
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Enumerable is ERC721, IERC721Enumerable {
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Enumerable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: Bank.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "./LAND.sol";
import "./WildAbduction.sol";
import "./interfaces/IBank.sol";
import "./interfaces/ILAND.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWildAbduction.sol";
import "./interfaces/IRandomizer.sol";
import "./WAGGame.sol";

contract Bank is Ownable, IERC721Receiver, Pausable {

    // maximum alpha score for a Alien
    uint8 public constant MAX_ALPHA = 8;

    // struct to store a stake's token, owner, and earning values
    struct Stake {
        uint16 tokenId;
        uint80 value;
        address owner;
    }

    event CowboyStaked(address owner, uint256 tokenId, uint256 value);
    event MutantStaked(address owner, uint256 tokenId, uint256 value);
    event AlienStaked(address owner, uint256 tokenId, uint256 value);
    event CowboyClaimed(uint256 indexed tokenId, bool indexed unstaked, uint256 earned);
    event MutantClaimed(uint256 indexed tokenId, bool indexed unstaked, uint256 earned);
    event AlienClaimed(uint256 indexed tokenId, bool indexed unstaked, uint256 earned);

    // reference to the WAG NFT contract
    WildAbduction public game;
    // reference to WAG game contract
    WAGGame public wag;
    // reference to the $LAND contract for minting $LAND earnings
    ILAND public land;

    // maps tokenId to stake
    mapping(uint256 => Stake) public bank;
    // maps alpha to all Alien stakes with that alpha
    mapping(uint256 => Stake[]) public pack;
    // tracks location of each Alien in Pack
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public packIndices;
    // total alpha scores staked
    uint256 public totalAlphaStaked = 0;
    // any rewards distributed when no ... are staked
    uint256 public unaccountedRewards = 0;
    // amount of $LAND due for each alpha point staked
    uint256 public LANDPerAlpha = 0;

    // Cowboy earn 9000 $LAND per day
    uint256 public DAILY_LAND_RATE = 9000 ether;

    // Mutant earn 27000 $LAND per day
    uint256 public MUTANT_DAILY_LAND_RATE = 27000 ether;

    // Cowboy must have 2 days worth of $LAND to unstake or else it's too cold
    uint256 public MINIMUM_TO_EXIT = 2 days;
    // aliens take a 20% tax on all $LAND claimed
    uint256 public constant LAND_CLAIM_TAX_PERCENTAGE = 20;
    // master tax which is progessively decreasing;
    uint256 public MASTER_TAX = 30;
    // there will only ever be (roughly) 2.4 billion $LAND earned through staking
    uint256 public constant MAXIMUM_GLOBAL_LAND = 2400000000 ether;

    // amount of $LAND earned so far
    uint256 public totalLANDEarned;
    // number of Cowboy staked in the Bank
    uint256 public totalCowboyStaked;
    // number of Mutant staked in the Bank
    uint256 public totalMutantStaked;
    // the last time $LAND was claimed
    uint256 public lastClaimTimestamp;

    // emergency rescue to allow unstaking without any checks but without $LAND
    bool public rescueEnabled = false;

    bool private _reentrant = false;

    modifier nonReentrant() {
        require(!_reentrant, "No reentrancy");
        _reentrant = true;
        _;
        _reentrant = false;
    }

    constructor() {}

    function setContracts(address _game, address _land, address _wag) external onlyOwner {
        game = WildAbduction(_game);
        land = ILAND(_land);
        wag = WAGGame(_wag);
    }

    /***STAKING */

    /**
     * adds Cowboy and Alien to the Bank and Pack
     * @param account the address of the staker
   * @param tokenIds the IDs of the Cowboy and Aliens to stake
   */
    function addManyToBankAndPack(address account, uint16[] calldata tokenIds) external nonReentrant {
        require( _msgSender() == tx.origin || _msgSender() == address(wag), "DONT GIVE YOUR TOKENS AWAY");
        require(account == tx.origin, "account to token mismatch");

        for (uint i = 0; i < tokenIds.length; i++) {
            if (tokenIds[i] == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            if (_msgSender() != address(wag)) {// dont do this step if its a mint + stake
                require(game.ownerOf(tokenIds[i]) == _msgSender(), "NOT YOUR TOKEN");
                game.transferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), tokenIds[i]);
            }
            if (isMutant(tokenIds[i]))
                _addCowboyToBank(account, tokenIds[i], true);
            else if (isCowboy(tokenIds[i]))
                _addCowboyToBank(account, tokenIds[i], false);
            else
                _addAlienToBank(account, tokenIds[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * adds a single Cowboy to the Bank
     * @param account the address of the staker
   * @param tokenId the ID of the Cowboy to add to the Bank
   */
    function _addCowboyToBank(address account, uint256 tokenId, bool _mutant) internal whenNotPaused _updateEarnings {
        bank[tokenId] = Stake({
        owner : account,
        tokenId : uint16(tokenId),
        value : uint80(block.timestamp)
        });
        
        if (_mutant) {
            totalMutantStaked += 1;
            emit MutantStaked(account, tokenId, block.timestamp);
        } else {
            totalCowboyStaked += 1;
            emit CowboyStaked(account, tokenId, block.timestamp);
        }
    }

    /**
     * adds a single Alien to the Pack
     * @param account the address of the staker
   * @param tokenId the ID of the Alien to add to the Pack
   */
    function _addAlienToBank(address account, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        uint256 alpha = _alphaForAlien(tokenId);
        totalAlphaStaked += alpha;
        // Portion of earnings ranges from 8 to 5
        packIndices[tokenId] = pack[alpha].length;
        // Store the location of the Alien in the Pack
        pack[alpha].push(Stake({
        owner : account,
        tokenId : uint16(tokenId),
        value : uint80(LANDPerAlpha)
        }));
        // Add the Alien to the Pack
        emit AlienStaked(account, tokenId, LANDPerAlpha);
    }

    /***CLAIMING / UNSTAKING */

    /**
     * realize $LAND earnings and optionally unstake tokens from the Bank / Pack
     * to unstake a Cowboy it will require it has 2 days worth of $LAND unclaimed
     * @param tokenIds the IDs of the tokens to claim earnings from
   * @param unstake whether or not to unstake ALL of the tokens listed in tokenIds
   */
    function claimManyFromBankAndPack(uint16[] calldata tokenIds, bool unstake) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused _updateEarnings {
        require(_msgSender() == tx.origin || _msgSender() == address(wag) , "Only EOA");
        uint256 owed = 0;
        for (uint i = 0; i < tokenIds.length; i++) {
            if (isMutant(tokenIds[i]))
                owed += _claimCowboyFromBank(tokenIds[i], unstake, false);
            else if (isCowboy(tokenIds[i]))
                owed += _claimCowboyFromBank(tokenIds[i], unstake, true);
            else
                owed += _claimAlienFromPack(tokenIds[i], unstake);
        }

        // pay master tax when claiming, will be progressively decreased;
        owed *= (100 - MASTER_TAX) / 100;

        if (owed == 0) return;
        land.mint(_msgSender(), owed);
    }

    /**
     * realize $LAND earnings for a single Cowboy/Mutant and optionally unstake it
     * if not unstaking, pay a 20% tax to the staked Aliens
     * if unstaking, there is a 50% chance all $LAND is stolen
     * @param tokenId the ID of the Cowboy to claim earnings from
   * @param unstake whether or not to unstake the Cowboy
   * @return owed - the amount of $LAND earned
   */
    function _claimCowboyFromBank(uint256 tokenId, bool unstake, bool cowboy) internal returns (uint256 owed) {
        Stake memory stake = bank[tokenId];
        require(stake.owner == _msgSender(), "SWIPER, NO SWIPING");
        require(!(unstake && block.timestamp - stake.value < MINIMUM_TO_EXIT), "GONNA BE COLD WITHOUT TWO DAY'S LAND");

        // get rate for cowboys
        uint256 unstaking_rate = DAILY_LAND_RATE;
        // set rate if its a mutant
        if (!cowboy) {
            unstaking_rate = MUTANT_DAILY_LAND_RATE;
        }

        if (totalLANDEarned < MAXIMUM_GLOBAL_LAND) {
            owed = (block.timestamp - stake.value) * unstaking_rate / 1 days;
        } else if (stake.value > lastClaimTimestamp) {
            owed = 0;
            // $LAND production stopped already
        } else {
            owed = (lastClaimTimestamp - stake.value) * unstaking_rate / 1 days;
            // stop earning additional $LAND if it's all been earned
        }

        if (unstake) {
            if (cowboy) {
                if (random(block.timestamp) & 1 == 1) {// 50% chance of all $LAND stolen
                _payAlienTax(owed);
                owed = 0;
                totalCowboyStaked -= 1;
                }
            } else {
                totalMutantStaked -= 1;
            }
            
            game.transferFrom(address(this), _msgSender(), tokenId);
            // send back Cowboy
            delete bank[tokenId];
            

        } else {
            if (cowboy) {
                _payAlienTax(owed * LAND_CLAIM_TAX_PERCENTAGE / 100);
                // percentage tax to staked aliens
                owed = owed * (100 - LAND_CLAIM_TAX_PERCENTAGE) / 100;
                // remainder goes to Cowboy owner
            }
            bank[tokenId] = Stake({
                owner : _msgSender(),
                tokenId : uint16(tokenId),
                value : uint80(block.timestamp)
                });
            // reset stake
        }
        if (cowboy) {
            emit CowboyClaimed(tokenId, unstake, owed);
        } else {
            emit MutantClaimed(tokenId, unstake, owed);
        }
    }

    /**
     * realize $LAND earnings for a single Alien and optionally unstake it
     * Aliens earn $LAND proportional to their Alpha rank
     * @param tokenId the ID of the Alien to claim earnings from
   * @param unstake whether or not to unstake the Alien
   * @return owed - the amount of $LAND earned
   */
    function _claimAlienFromPack(uint256 tokenId, bool unstake) internal returns (uint256 owed) {
        require(game.ownerOf(tokenId) == address(this), "AINT A PART OF THE PACK");
        uint256 alpha = _alphaForAlien(tokenId);
        Stake memory stake = pack[alpha][packIndices[tokenId]];
        require(stake.owner == _msgSender(), "SWIPER, NO SWIPING");
        owed = (alpha) * (LANDPerAlpha - stake.value);
        // Calculate portion of tokens based on Alpha
        if (unstake) {
            totalAlphaStaked -= alpha;
            // Remove Alpha from total staked
            game.transferFrom(address(this), _msgSender(), tokenId);
            // Send back Alien
            Stake memory lastStake = pack[alpha][pack[alpha].length - 1];
            pack[alpha][packIndices[tokenId]] = lastStake;
            // Shuffle last Alien to current position
            packIndices[lastStake.tokenId] = packIndices[tokenId];
            pack[alpha].pop();
            // Remove duplicate
            delete packIndices[tokenId];
            // Delete old mapping
        } else {
            pack[alpha][packIndices[tokenId]] = Stake({
            owner : _msgSender(),
            tokenId : uint16(tokenId),
            value : uint80(LANDPerAlpha)
            });
            // reset stake
        }
        emit AlienClaimed(tokenId, unstake, owed);
    }

    /***ACCOUNTING */

    /**
     * add $LAND to claimable pot for the Pack
     * @param amount $LAND to add to the pot
   */
    function _payAlienTax(uint256 amount) internal {
        if (totalAlphaStaked == 0) {// if there's no staked aliens
            unaccountedRewards += amount;
            // keep track of $LAND due to aliens
            return;
        }
        // makes sure to include any unaccounted $LAND
        LANDPerAlpha += (amount + unaccountedRewards) / totalAlphaStaked;
        unaccountedRewards = 0;
    }

    /**
     * tracks $LAND earnings to ensure it stops once 2.4 billion is eclipsed
     */
    modifier _updateEarnings() {
        if (totalLANDEarned < MAXIMUM_GLOBAL_LAND) {
            totalLANDEarned +=
            (block.timestamp - lastClaimTimestamp)
            * totalCowboyStaked
            * DAILY_LAND_RATE / 1 days;

            totalLANDEarned +=
            (block.timestamp - lastClaimTimestamp)
            * totalMutantStaked
            * MUTANT_DAILY_LAND_RATE / 1 days;
            lastClaimTimestamp = block.timestamp;
        }
        _;
    }

    /***ADMIN */

    function setSettings(uint256 rate, uint256 mutant_rate, uint256 exit) external onlyOwner {
        MINIMUM_TO_EXIT = exit;
        DAILY_LAND_RATE = rate;
        MUTANT_DAILY_LAND_RATE = mutant_rate;
    }

    /**
     * allows owner to enable "rescue mode"
     * simplifies accounting, prioritizes tokens out in emergency
     */
    function setRescueEnabled(bool _enabled) external onlyOwner {
        rescueEnabled = _enabled;
    }

    /**
     * enables owner to pause / unpause minting
     */
    function setPaused(bool _paused) external onlyOwner {
        if (_paused) _pause();
        else _unpause();
    }

    /**
     * reduces master tax
     */
    function reduceMasterTax(uint256 tax) external onlyOwner {
        MASTER_TAX = tax;
    }

    /***READ ONLY */

    /**
     * checks if a token is a Cowboy
     * @param tokenId the ID of the token to check
   * @return Cowboy - whether or not a token is a Cowboy
   */
    function isCowboy(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (bool Cowboy) {
        (Cowboy, , , , , , ,) = game.tokenTraits(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * checks if a token is a Cowboy
     * @param tokenId the ID of the token to check
   * @return Mutant - whether or not a token is a Cowboy
   */
    function isMutant(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (bool Mutant) {
        (,Mutant, , , , , ,) = game.tokenTraits(tokenId);
    }


    /**
     * gets the alpha score for a Alien
     * @param tokenId the ID of the Alien to get the alpha score for
   * @return the alpha score of the Alien (5-8)
   */
    function _alphaForAlien(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (uint8) {
        (, , , , , , , uint8 alphaIndex) = game.tokenTraits(tokenId);
        return MAX_ALPHA - alphaIndex;
    }

    /**
     * chooses a random Alien Cowboy when a newly minted token is stolen
     * @param seed a random value to choose a Alien from
   * @return the owner of the randomly selected Alien Cowboy
   */
    function randomAlienOwner(uint256 seed) external view returns (address) {
        if (totalAlphaStaked == 0) return address(0x0);
        uint256 bucket = (seed & 0xFFFFFFFF) % totalAlphaStaked;
        // choose a value from 0 to total alpha staked
        uint256 cumulative;
        seed >>= 32;
        // loop through each bucket of Aliens with the same alpha score
        for (uint i = MAX_ALPHA - 3; i <= MAX_ALPHA; i++) {
            cumulative += pack[i].length * i;
            // if the value is not inside of that bucket, keep going
            if (bucket >= cumulative) continue;
            // get the address of a random Alien with that alpha score
            return pack[i][seed % pack[i].length].owner;
        }
        return address(0x0);
    }

    /**
     * generates a pseudorandom number
     * @param seed a value ensure different outcomes for different sources in the same block
   * @return a pseudorandom value
   */
    function random(uint256 seed) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return
            uint256(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        tx.origin,
                        blockhash(block.number - 1),
                        block.timestamp,
                        seed
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    function onERC721Received(
        address,
        address from,
        uint256,
        bytes calldata
    ) external pure override returns (bytes4) {
        require(from == address(0x0), "Cannot send tokens to Barn directly");
        return IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: balance query for the zero address");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token");

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token");
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[owner] -= 1;
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[from] -= 1;
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits a {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: WildAbduction.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWildAbduction.sol";
import "./interfaces/IBank.sol";
import "./interfaces/ITraits.sol";
import "./interfaces/ILAND.sol";


contract WildAbduction is IWildAbduction, ERC721Enumerable, Ownable, Pausable {

    struct LastWrite {
        uint64 time;
        uint64 blockNum;
    }

    event CowboyMinted(uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event MutantMinted(uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event AlienMinted(uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event CowboyStolen(uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event CowboyBurned(uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event AlienBurned(uint256 indexed tokenId);


    // max number of tokens that can be minted: 40000 in production
    uint256 public maxTokens;
    // max number of mutants that can be minted as gen 0: 55 in production
    uint256 public MUTANT_COUNT;
    // number of tokens that can be claimed for a fee: 4444
    uint256 public PAID_TOKENS;
    // number of tokens have been minted so far
    uint16 public override minted;


    // mapping from tokenId to a struct containing the token's traits
    mapping(uint256 => CowboyAlien) public tokenTraits;
    // mapping from hashed(tokenTrait) to the tokenId it's associated with
    // used to ensure there are no duplicates
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public existingCombinations;

    // reference to bank
    IBank public bank;
    // reference to Traits
    ITraits public traits;
    
    // address => allowedToCallFunctions
    mapping(address => bool) private admins;

    constructor(uint256 _maxTokens) ERC721("WAG Game", 'WGAME') {
        maxTokens = _maxTokens;
        admins[msg.sender] = true;
        PAID_TOKENS = 4444;
        _pause();
    }

    function setContracts(address _bank, address _traits) external onlyOwner {
        bank = IBank(_bank);
        traits = ITraits(_traits);
    }


    /** 
    * Mint a token - any payment / game logic should be handled in the game contract. 
    * This will just generate random traits and mint a token to a designated address.
    */
    function mint(address recipient, uint256 seed) external override whenNotPaused {
        require(admins[_msgSender()], "Only admins can call this");
        require(minted + 1 <= maxTokens, "All tokens minted");
        minted++;
        generate(minted, seed);
        if(tx.origin != recipient && recipient != address(bank)) {
            emit CowboyStolen(minted);
        }
        _safeMint(recipient, minted);
    }

    /** 
    * Burn a token - any game logic should be handled before this function.
    */
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) external override whenNotPaused {
        require(admins[_msgSender()], "Only admins can call this");
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == tx.origin, "Oops you don't own that");
        if(tokenTraits[tokenId].isCowboy) {
            emit CowboyBurned(tokenId);
        }
        else {
            emit AlienBurned(tokenId);
        }
        _burn(tokenId);
    }

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override(ERC721) {
        // allow admin contracts to be send without approval
        if(!admins[_msgSender()]) {
            require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
        }
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /** INTERNAL */

    /**
    * generates traits for a specific token, checking to make sure it's unique
    * @param tokenId the id of the token to generate traits for
    * @param seed a pseudorandom 256 bit number to derive traits from
    * @return t - a struct of traits for the given token ID
    */
    function generate(uint256 tokenId, uint256 seed) internal returns (CowboyAlien memory t) {
        t = selectTraits(seed);

        // only 55 mutants
        if (t.isMutant && MUTANT_COUNT == 55 && minted <= PAID_TOKENS) {
            return generate(tokenId, random(seed));
        }
        if (existingCombinations[structToHash(t)] == 0) {
            tokenTraits[tokenId] = t;
            existingCombinations[structToHash(t)] = tokenId;
            return t;
        }
        return generate(tokenId, random(seed));
    }

    /**
     * uses A.J. Walker's Alias algorithm for O(1) rarity table lookup
     * ensuring O(1) instead of O(n) reduces mint cost by more than 50%
     * probability & alias tables are generated off-chain beforehand
     * @param seed portion of the 256 bit seed to remove trait correlation
   * @param traitType the trait type to select a trait for
   * @return the ID of the randomly selected trait
   */
    function selectTrait(uint16 seed, uint8 traitType) internal view returns (uint8) {
        return traits.selectTrait(seed, traitType);
    }

    

    /**
     * selects the species and all of its traits based on the seed value
     * @param seed a pseudorandom 256 bit number to derive traits from
   * @return t -  a struct of randomly selected traits
   */
    function selectTraits(uint256 seed) internal view returns (CowboyAlien memory t) {

        t.isMutant = (seed & 0xFFFF) % 3 == 0 && (seed & 0xFFFF) % 7 == 0;

        if (t.isMutant) {
            t.isCowboy = true;
        } else {
            // not exactly 88.75%
            t.isCowboy = (seed & 0xFFFF) % 10 != 0;
        }

        seed >>= 16;
        t.pants = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 0 );

        seed >>= 16;
        t.top = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 1 );

        seed >>= 16;
        t.hat = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 2 );

        seed >>= 16;
        t.weapon = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 3);

        seed >>= 16;
        t.accessory = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 4);

        seed >>= 16;
        if (!t.isCowboy) {
            t.alphaIndex = selectTrait(uint16(seed & 0xFFFF), 5);
        }
    }

    /**
    * converts a struct to a 256 bit hash to check for uniqueness
    * @param s the struct to pack into a hash
    * @return the 256 bit hash of the struct
    */
    function structToHash(CowboyAlien memory s) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    s.isCowboy,
                    s.isMutant,
                    s.pants,
                    s.top,
                    s.hat,
                    s.weapon,
                    s.accessory,
                    s.alphaIndex
                )
            ));
    }

    /**
     * generates a pseudorandom number
     * @param seed a value ensure different outcomes for different sources in the same block
   * @return a pseudorandom value
   */
    function random(uint256 seed) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return
            uint256(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        tx.origin,
                        blockhash(block.number - 1),
                        block.timestamp,
                        seed
                    )
                )
            );
    }


    /***READ */

    function getTokenTraits(uint256 tokenId) external view override returns (CowboyAlien memory) {
        return tokenTraits[tokenId];
    }

    function getPaidTokens() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return PAID_TOKENS;
    }


    /** ADMIN */

    /**
    * updates the number of tokens for sale
    */
    function setPaidTokens(uint256 _paidTokens) external onlyOwner {
        PAID_TOKENS = uint16(_paidTokens);
    }

    /**
    * enables owner to pause / unpause minting
    */
    function setPaused(bool _paused) external onlyOwner {
        if (_paused) _pause();
        else _unpause();
    }

    /**
    * enables an address to mint / burn
    * @param addr the address to enable
    */
    function addAdmin(address addr) external onlyOwner {
        admins[addr] = true;
    }

    /**
    * disables an address from minting / burning
    * @param addr the address to disbale
    */
    function removeAdmin(address addr) external onlyOwner {
        admins[addr] = false;
    }

    /** Traits */

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "Token ID does not exist");
        return traits.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

}
// File: LAND.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT LICENSE

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract LAND is ERC20, Ownable {

    // a mapping from an address to whether or not it can mint / burn
    mapping(address => bool) controllers;

    constructor() ERC20("LAND", "LAND") { }

    /**
     * mints $LAND to a recipient
     * @param to the recipient of the $LAND
   * @param amount the amount of $LAND to mint
   */
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external {
        require(controllers[msg.sender], "Only controllers can mint");
        _mint(to, amount);
    }

    /**
     * burns $LAND from a holder
     * @param from the holder of the $LAND
   * @param amount the amount of $LAND to burn
   */
    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) external {
        require(controllers[msg.sender], "Only controllers can burn");
        _burn(from, amount);
    }

    /**
     * enables an address to mint / burn
     * @param controller the address to enable
   */
    function addController(address controller) external onlyOwner {
        controllers[controller] = true;
    }

    /**
     * disables an address from minting / burning
     * @param controller the address to disbale
   */
    function removeController(address controller) external onlyOwner {
        controllers[controller] = false;
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[to] += amount;

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}