// File: src/factory/ECDSAKernelFactory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

import "./KernelFactory.sol";
import "src/validator/ECDSAValidator.sol";

contract ECDSAKernelFactory {
    KernelFactory public immutable singletonFactory;
    ECDSAValidator public immutable validator;
    IEntryPoint public immutable entryPoint;

    constructor(KernelFactory _singletonFactory, ECDSAValidator _validator, IEntryPoint _entryPoint) {
        singletonFactory = _singletonFactory;
        validator = _validator;
        entryPoint = _entryPoint;
    }

    function createAccount(address _owner, uint256 _index) external returns (EIP1967Proxy proxy) {
        bytes memory data = abi.encodePacked(_owner);
        proxy = singletonFactory.createAccount(validator, data, _index);
    }

    function getAccountAddress(address _owner, uint256 _index) public view returns (address) {
        bytes memory data = abi.encodePacked(_owner);
        return singletonFactory.getAccountAddress(validator, data, _index);
    }
}

// File: src/factory/KernelFactory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
import "./EIP1967Proxy.sol";
import {Kernel} from "src/Kernel.sol";
import "src/validator/ECDSAValidator.sol";

import "./TempKernel.sol";

contract KernelFactory {
    TempKernel public immutable kernelTemplate;
    Kernel public immutable nextTemplate;
    IEntryPoint public immutable entryPoint;

    event AccountCreated(address indexed account, address indexed validator, bytes data, uint256 index);

    constructor(IEntryPoint _entryPoint) {
        kernelTemplate = new TempKernel(_entryPoint);
        nextTemplate = new Kernel(_entryPoint);
        entryPoint = _entryPoint;
    }

    function createAccount(IKernelValidator _validator, bytes calldata _data, uint256 _index)
        external
        returns (EIP1967Proxy proxy)
    {
        bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_validator, _data, _index));
        address addr = Create2.computeAddress(
            salt,
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    type(EIP1967Proxy).creationCode,
                    abi.encode(address(nextTemplate), abi.encodeCall(nextTemplate.initialize, (_validator, _data)))
                )
            )
        );
        if (addr.code.length > 0) {
            return EIP1967Proxy(payable(addr));
        }
        proxy =
        new EIP1967Proxy{salt: salt}(address(nextTemplate), abi.encodeCall(nextTemplate.initialize, (_validator, _data)));
        emit AccountCreated(address(proxy), address(_validator), _data, _index);
    }

    function getAccountAddress(IKernelValidator _validator, bytes calldata _data, uint256 _index)
        public
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_validator, _data, _index));
        return Create2.computeAddress(
            salt,
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    type(EIP1967Proxy).creationCode,
                    abi.encode(address(nextTemplate), abi.encodeCall(nextTemplate.initialize, (_validator, _data)))
                )
            )
        );
    }
}

// File: src/validator/ECDSAValidator.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IValidator.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol";
import "src/utils/KernelHelper.sol";

struct ECDSAValidatorStorage {
    address owner;
}

contract ECDSAValidator is IKernelValidator {
    event OwnerChanged(address indexed kernel, address indexed oldOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    mapping(address => ECDSAValidatorStorage) public ecdsaValidatorStorage;

    function disable(bytes calldata) external override {
        delete ecdsaValidatorStorage[msg.sender];
    }

    function enable(bytes calldata _data) external override {
        address owner = address(bytes20(_data[0:20]));
        address oldOwner = ecdsaValidatorStorage[msg.sender].owner;
        ecdsaValidatorStorage[msg.sender].owner = owner;
        emit OwnerChanged(msg.sender, oldOwner, owner);
    }

    function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata _userOp, bytes32 _userOpHash, uint256)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (uint256 validationData)
    {
        address owner = ecdsaValidatorStorage[_userOp.sender].owner;
        if (owner == ECDSA.recover(_userOpHash, _userOp.signature)) {
            return 0;
        }

        bytes32 hash = ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(_userOpHash);
        address recovered = ECDSA.recover(hash, _userOp.signature);
        if (owner != recovered) {
            return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
        }
    }

    function validateSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes calldata signature) public view override returns (uint256) {
        address owner = ecdsaValidatorStorage[msg.sender].owner;
        if( owner == ECDSA.recover(hash, signature) ) {
            return 0;
        }
        bytes32 ethHash = ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(hash);
        address recovered = ECDSA.recover(ethHash, signature);
        if (owner != recovered) {
            return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Create2.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Create2.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
 * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
 * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
 * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
 *
 * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
 * information.
 */
library Create2 {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
     * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}.
     *
     * The bytecode for a contract can be obtained from Solidity with
     * `type(contractName).creationCode`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `bytecode` must not be empty.
     * - `salt` must have not been used for `bytecode` already.
     * - the factory must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - if `amount` is non-zero, `bytecode` must have a `payable` constructor.
     */
    function deploy(
        uint256 amount,
        bytes32 salt,
        bytes memory bytecode
    ) internal returns (address addr) {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Create2: insufficient balance");
        require(bytecode.length != 0, "Create2: bytecode length is zero");
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create2(amount, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
        }
        require(addr != address(0), "Create2: Failed on deploy");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the
     * `bytecodeHash` or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash) internal view returns (address) {
        return computeAddress(salt, bytecodeHash, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
     * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
     */
    function computeAddress(
        bytes32 salt,
        bytes32 bytecodeHash,
        address deployer
    ) internal pure returns (address addr) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40) // Get free memory pointer

            // |                   | ↓ ptr ...  ↓ ptr + 0x0B (start) ...  ↓ ptr + 0x20 ...  ↓ ptr + 0x40 ...   |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | bytecodeHash      |                                                        CCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | salt              |                                      BBBBBBBBBBBBB...BB                   |
            // | deployer          | 000000...0000AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AA                                     |
            // | 0xFF              |            FF                                                             |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | memory            | 000000...00FFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AABBBBBBBBBBBBB...BBCCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | keccak(start, 85) |            ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ |

            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), bytecodeHash)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), salt)
            mstore(ptr, deployer) // Right-aligned with 12 preceding garbage bytes
            let start := add(ptr, 0x0b) // The hashed data starts at the final garbage byte which we will set to 0xff
            mstore8(start, 0xff)
            addr := keccak256(start, 85)
        }
    }
}

// File: src/factory/EIP1967Proxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract EIP1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        require(_logic != address(0), "EIP1967Proxy: implementation is the zero address");
        bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _logic)
        }
        if (_data.length > 0) {
            (bool success,) = _logic.delegatecall(_data);
            require(success, "EIP1967Proxy: constructor call failed");
        }
    }

    fallback() external payable {
        address implementation = _implementation();
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
            default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
        }
    }

    function _implementation() internal view returns (address impl) {
        bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
        assembly {
            impl := sload(slot)
        }
    }
}

// File: src/Kernel.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Importing external libraries and contracts
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol";
import "account-abstraction/core/Helpers.sol";
import "account-abstraction/interfaces/IAccount.sol";
import "account-abstraction/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
import {EntryPoint} from "account-abstraction/core/EntryPoint.sol";
import "./utils/Exec.sol";
import "./abstract/Compatibility.sol";
import "./abstract/KernelStorage.sol";
import "./utils/KernelHelper.sol";

/// @title Kernel
/// @author taek<leekt216@gmail.com>
/// @notice wallet kernel for minimal wallet functionality
contract Kernel is IAccount, EIP712, Compatibility, KernelStorage {
    string public constant name = "Kernel";
    string public constant version = "0.0.2";

    /// @dev Sets up the EIP712 and KernelStorage with the provided entry point
    constructor(IEntryPoint _entryPoint) EIP712(name, version) KernelStorage(_entryPoint) {}

    /// @notice Accepts incoming Ether transactions and calls from the EntryPoint contract
    /// @dev This function will delegate any call to the appropriate executor based on the function signature.
    fallback() external payable {
        require(msg.sender == address(entryPoint), "account: not from entrypoint");
        bytes4 sig = msg.sig;
        address executor = getKernelStorage().execution[sig].executor;
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), executor, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
            default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Executes a function call to an external contract
    /// @dev The type of operation (call or delegatecall) is specified as an argument.
    /// @param to The address of the target contract
    /// @param value The amount of Ether to send
    /// @param data The call data to be sent
    /// @param operation The type of operation (call or delegatecall)
    function execute(address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data, Operation operation) external {
        require(msg.sender == address(entryPoint), "account: not from entrypoint");
        bool success;
        bytes memory ret;
        if (operation == Operation.DelegateCall) {
            (success, ret) = Exec.delegateCall(to, data);
        } else {
            (success, ret) = Exec.call(to, value, data);
        }
        if (!success) {
            assembly {
                revert(add(ret, 32), mload(ret))
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Validates a user operation based on its mode
    /// @dev This function will validate user operation and be called by EntryPoint
    /// @param userOp The user operation to be validated
    /// @param userOpHash The hash of the user operation
    /// @param missingAccountFunds The funds needed to be reimbursed
    /// @return validationData The data used for validation
    function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingAccountFunds)
        external
        returns (uint256 validationData)
    {
        require(msg.sender == address(entryPoint), "account: not from entryPoint");
        // mode based signature
        bytes4 mode = bytes4(userOp.signature[0:4]); // mode == 00..00 use validators
        require(mode & getKernelStorage().disabledMode == 0x00000000, "kernel: mode disabled");
        // mode == 0x00000000 use sudo validator
        // mode == 0x00000001 use given validator
        // mode == 0x00000002 enable validator
        UserOperation memory op = userOp;
        IKernelValidator validator;
        bytes4 sig = bytes4(userOp.callData[0:4]);
        if (mode == 0x00000000) {
            // sudo mode (use default validator)
            op = userOp;
            op.signature = userOp.signature[4:];
            validator = getKernelStorage().defaultValidator;
        } else if (mode == 0x00000001) {
            ExecutionDetail storage detail = getKernelStorage().execution[sig];
            validator = detail.validator;
            if (address(validator) == address(0)) {
                validator = getKernelStorage().defaultValidator;
            }
            op.signature = userOp.signature[4:];
            validationData = (uint256(detail.validAfter) << 160) | (uint256(detail.validUntil) << (48 + 160));
        } else if (mode == 0x00000002) {
            // use given validator
            // userOp.signature[4:10] = validUntil,
            // userOp.signature[10:16] = validAfter,
            // userOp.signature[16:36] = validator address,
            validator = IKernelValidator(address(bytes20(userOp.signature[16:36])));
            bytes calldata enableData;
            bytes calldata remainSig;
            (validationData, enableData, remainSig) = _approveValidator(sig, userOp.signature);
            validator.enable(enableData);
            op.signature = remainSig;
        } else {
            return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
        }
        if (missingAccountFunds > 0) {
            // we are going to assume signature is valid at this point
            (bool success,) = msg.sender.call{value: missingAccountFunds}("");
            (success);
        }
        validationData =
            _intersectValidationData(validationData, validator.validateUserOp(op, userOpHash, missingAccountFunds));
        return validationData;
    }

    function _approveValidator(bytes4 sig, bytes calldata signature)
        internal
        returns (uint256 validationData, bytes calldata enableData, bytes calldata validationSig)
    {
        uint256 enableDataLength = uint256(bytes32(signature[56:88]));
        enableData = signature[88:88 + enableDataLength];
        uint256 enableSignatureLength = uint256(bytes32(signature[88 + enableDataLength:120 + enableDataLength]));
        bytes32 enableDigest = _hashTypedDataV4(
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    keccak256("ValidatorApproved(bytes4 sig,uint256 validatorData,address executor,bytes enableData)"),
                    bytes4(sig),
                    uint256(bytes32(signature[4:36])),
                    address(bytes20(signature[36:56])),
                    keccak256(enableData)
                )
            )
        );
        validationData = _intersectValidationData(
            getKernelStorage().defaultValidator.validateSignature(
                enableDigest, signature[120 + enableDataLength:120 + enableDataLength + enableSignatureLength]
            ),
            uint256(bytes32(signature[4:36])) & (uint256(type(uint96).max) << 160)
        );
        validationSig = signature[120 + enableDataLength + enableSignatureLength:];
        getKernelStorage().execution[sig] = ExecutionDetail({
            executor: address(bytes20(signature[36:56])),
            validator: IKernelValidator(address(bytes20(signature[16:36]))),
            validUntil: uint48(bytes6(signature[4:10])),
            validAfter: uint48(bytes6(signature[10:16]))
        });
        return (validationData, signature[88:88 + enableDataLength], validationSig);
    }

    /// @notice Checks if a signature is valid
    /// @dev This function checks if a signature is valid based on the hash of the data signed.
    /// @param hash The hash of the data that was signed
    /// @param signature The signature to be validated
    /// @return The magic value 0x1626ba7e if the signature is valid, otherwise returns 0xffffffff.
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes calldata signature) external view returns (bytes4) {
        uint256 validationData = getKernelStorage().defaultValidator.validateSignature(hash, signature);
        ValidationData memory data = _parseValidationData(validationData);
        if (data.validAfter > block.timestamp) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }
        if (data.validUntil < block.timestamp) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }
        if (data.aggregator != address(0)) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }

        return 0x1626ba7e;
    }
}

// File: src/factory/TempKernel.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "account-abstraction/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
import "account-abstraction/interfaces/IAccount.sol";
import "src/Kernel.sol";
import "src/abstract/KernelStorage.sol";

bytes32 constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

struct TempStorage {
    address newTemplate;
    address validator;
    bytes data;
    bytes validatorData;
}

using ECDSA for bytes32;

contract TempKernel is EIP712, IAccount {
    string public constant name = "Kernel";

    string public constant version = "0.0.2";

    IEntryPoint public immutable entryPoint;

    /// @dev Sets up the EIP712 and KernelStorage with the provided entry point
    constructor(IEntryPoint _entryPoint) EIP712(name, version) {
        entryPoint = _entryPoint;
    }

    // Function to initialize the wallet kernel
    function initialize(IKernelValidator _defaultValidator, address _newTemplate, bytes calldata _data) external {
        WalletKernelStorage storage ws = getKernelStorage();
        require(address(ws.defaultValidator) == address(0), "account: already initialized");
        ws.defaultValidator = _defaultValidator;
        ws.owner = abi.decode(_data, (address));
        // _defaultValidator.enable(_data); removed to avoid accessing external storage
        getStorage().newTemplate = _newTemplate;
        getStorage().data = _data;

        (bool success,) =
            _callCode(address(_defaultValidator), abi.encodeWithSelector(IKernelValidator.enable.selector, _data)); // to NOT preserve msg.sender
        require(success, "account: enable failed with defaultvalidator");
    }

    function getKernelStorage() internal pure returns (WalletKernelStorage storage ws) {
        bytes32 storagePosition = bytes32(uint256(keccak256("zerodev.kernel")) - 1);
        assembly {
            ws.slot := storagePosition
        }
    }

    function getTempStorage() external view returns (address newTemplate, bytes memory data) {
        TempStorage storage strg = getStorage();
        newTemplate = strg.newTemplate;
        data = strg.data;
    }

    function getStorage() internal view returns (TempStorage storage strg) {
        assembly {
            strg.slot := address()
        }
    }

    /// @notice Validates a user operation based on its mode
    /// @dev This function will validate user operation and be called by EntryPoint
    /// @param userOp The user operation to be validated
    /// @param userOpHash The hash of the user operation
    /// @param missingAccountFunds The funds needed to be reimbursed
    /// @return validationData The data used for validation
    function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingAccountFunds)
        external
        returns (uint256 validationData)
    {
        require(msg.sender == address(entryPoint), "account: not from entryPoint");
        // mode based signature
        bytes4 mode = bytes4(userOp.signature[0:4]); // mode == 00..00 use validators
        // mode == 0x00000000 use sudo validator
        // mode == 0x00000001 use given validator
        // mode == 0x00000002 enable validator
        UserOperation memory op = userOp;
        IKernelValidator validator;
        bytes4 sig = bytes4(userOp.callData[0:4]);
        if (mode == 0x00000000) {
            // sudo mode (use default validator)
            op = userOp;
            op.signature = userOp.signature[4:];
            validator = getKernelStorage().defaultValidator;
        } else if (mode == 0x00000002) {
            // no plugin mode
            // use given validator
            // userOp.signature[4:10] = validUntil,
            // userOp.signature[10:16] = validAfter,
            // userOp.signature[16:36] = validator address,
            validator = IKernelValidator(address(bytes20(userOp.signature[16:36])));
            bytes calldata enableData;
            bytes calldata remainSig;
            (validationData, enableData, remainSig) = _approveValidator(sig, userOp.signature);
            (bool s,) =
                _callCode(address(validator), abi.encodeWithSelector(IKernelValidator.enable.selector, enableData)); // callcode for NOT preserving msg.sender
            require(s, "account: enable mode enable failed");
            op.signature = remainSig;
        } else {
            return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
        }
        if (missingAccountFunds > 0) {
            // we are going to assume signature is valid at this point
            (bool s,) = msg.sender.call{value: missingAccountFunds}("");
            (s);
        }
        (, bytes memory ret) = _callCode(
            address(validator),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IKernelValidator.validateUserOp.selector, op, userOpHash, missingAccountFunds)
        );
        validationData = _intersectValidationData(validationData, abi.decode(ret, (uint256)));

        return validationData;
    }

    function _approveValidator(bytes4 sig, bytes calldata signature)
        internal
        returns (uint256 validationData, bytes calldata enableData, bytes calldata validationSig)
    {
        uint256 enableDataLength = uint256(bytes32(signature[56:88]));
        enableData = signature[88:88 + enableDataLength];
        uint256 enableSignatureLength = uint256(bytes32(signature[88 + enableDataLength:120 + enableDataLength]));
        bytes32 enableDigest = _hashTypedDataV4(
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    keccak256("ValidatorApproved(bytes4 sig,uint256 validatorData,address executor,bytes enableData)"),
                    bytes4(sig),
                    uint256(bytes32(signature[4:36])),
                    address(bytes20(signature[36:56])),
                    keccak256(enableData)
                )
            )
        );
        (, bytes memory ret) = _callCode(
            address(getKernelStorage().defaultValidator),
            (
                abi.encodeWithSelector(
                    IKernelValidator.validateSignature.selector,
                    enableDigest,
                    signature[120 + enableDataLength:120 + enableDataLength + enableSignatureLength]
                )
            )
        );
        validationData = _intersectValidationData(
            abi.decode(ret, (uint256)), uint256(bytes32(signature[4:36])) & (uint256(type(uint96).max) << 160)
        );
        validationSig = signature[120 + enableDataLength + enableSignatureLength:];
        getKernelStorage().execution[sig] = ExecutionDetail({
            executor: address(bytes20(signature[36:56])),
            validator: IKernelValidator(address(bytes20(signature[16:36]))),
            validUntil: uint48(bytes6(signature[4:10])),
            validAfter: uint48(bytes6(signature[10:16]))
        });
        getStorage().validator = address(bytes20(signature[16:36]));
        getStorage().validatorData = enableData;
        return (validationData, signature[88:88 + enableDataLength], validationSig);
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    fallback() external payable {
        TempStorage storage strg = getStorage();
        address _newImplementation = strg.newTemplate;
        bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _newImplementation)
        } // update implementation address for used on execution phase

        IKernelValidator defaultValidator = IKernelValidator(getKernelStorage().defaultValidator);
        defaultValidator.enable(strg.data);

        IKernelValidator validator = IKernelValidator(getStorage().validator);
        if (address(validator) != address(0)) {
            validator.enable(getStorage().validatorData);
        }
        
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), _newImplementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    // WARTNING: this function is NOT VIEW
    /// @notice Checks if a signature is valid
    /// @dev This function checks if a signature is valid based on the hash of the data signed.
    /// @param hash The hash of the data that was signed
    /// @param signature The signature to be validated
    /// @return The magic value 0x1626ba7e if the signature is valid, otherwise returns 0xffffffff.
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes calldata signature) external returns (bytes4) {
        (, bytes memory ret) = _callCode(
            address(getKernelStorage().defaultValidator),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IKernelValidator.validateSignature.selector, hash, signature)
        );
        uint256 validationData = abi.decode(ret, (uint256));
        ValidationData memory data = _parseValidationData(validationData);
        if (data.validAfter > block.timestamp) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }
        if (data.validUntil < block.timestamp) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }
        if (data.aggregator != address(0)) {
            return 0xffffffff;
        }

        return 0x1626ba7e;
    }

    function _callCode(address _target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success, bytes memory ret) {
        assembly {
            let result := callcode(gas(), _target, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
            // Load free memory location
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            // We allocate memory for the return data by setting the free memory location to
            // current free memory location + data size + 32 bytes for data size value
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(returndatasize(), 0x20)))
            // Store the size
            mstore(ptr, returndatasize())
            // Store the data
            returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, returndatasize())
            // Point the return data to the correct memory location
            ret := ptr
            success := result
        }
        if(!success) {
            revert(string(ret));
        }
    }
}

// File: src/validator/IValidator.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "account-abstraction/interfaces/UserOperation.sol";

interface IKernelValidator {
    function enable(bytes calldata _data) external;

    function disable(bytes calldata _data) external;

    function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingFunds)
        external
        returns (uint256);

    function validateSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes calldata signature) external view returns (uint256);
}

// 3 modes
// 1. default mode, use preset validator for the kernel
// 2. enable mode, enable a new validator for given action and use it for current userOp
// 3. sudo mode, use default plugin for current userOp

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
 * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
 * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract EIP712 {
    /* solhint-disable var-name-mixedcase */
    // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
    // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
    bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
    uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
    address private immutable _CACHED_THIS;

    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_NAME;
    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_VERSION;
    bytes32 private immutable _TYPE_HASH;

    /* solhint-enable var-name-mixedcase */

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
        bytes32 hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
        bytes32 hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
        bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );
        _HASHED_NAME = hashedName;
        _HASHED_VERSION = hashedVersion;
        _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
        _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(typeHash, hashedName, hashedVersion);
        _CACHED_THIS = address(this);
        _TYPE_HASH = typeHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(this) == _CACHED_THIS && block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID) {
            return _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
        } else {
            return _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME, _HASHED_VERSION);
        }
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator(
        bytes32 typeHash,
        bytes32 nameHash,
        bytes32 versionHash
    ) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return ECDSA.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }
}

// File: src/utils/KernelHelper.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

uint256 constant SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = 1;

function _intersectValidationData(uint256 a, uint256 b) pure returns (uint256 validationData) {
    if (uint160(a) != uint160(b)) {
        return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
    }
    uint48 validAfterA = uint48(a >> (160 + 48));
    uint48 validUntilA = uint48(a >> 160);
    if(validUntilA == 0) {
        validUntilA = type(uint48).max;
    }
    uint48 validAfterB = uint48(b >> (160 + 48));
    uint48 validUntilB = uint48(b >> 160);
    if(validUntilB == 0) {
        validUntilB = type(uint48).max;
    }

    if (validAfterA < validAfterB) validAfterA = validAfterB;
    if (validUntilA > validUntilB) validUntilA = validUntilB;
    validationData = uint256(uint160(a)) | (uint256(validUntilA) << 160) | (uint256(validAfterA) << (48 + 160));
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/core/Helpers.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */

/**
 * returned data from validateUserOp.
 * validateUserOp returns a uint256, with is created by `_packedValidationData` and parsed by `_parseValidationData`
 * @param aggregator - address(0) - the account validated the signature by itself.
 *              address(1) - the account failed to validate the signature.
 *              otherwise - this is an address of a signature aggregator that must be used to validate the signature.
 * @param validAfter - this UserOp is valid only after this timestamp.
 * @param validaUntil - this UserOp is valid only up to this timestamp.
 */
    struct ValidationData {
        address aggregator;
        uint48 validAfter;
        uint48 validUntil;
    }

//extract sigFailed, validAfter, validUntil.
// also convert zero validUntil to type(uint48).max
    function _parseValidationData(uint validationData) pure returns (ValidationData memory data) {
        address aggregator = address(uint160(validationData));
        uint48 validUntil = uint48(validationData >> 160);
        if (validUntil == 0) {
            validUntil = type(uint48).max;
        }
        uint48 validAfter = uint48(validationData >> (48 + 160));
        return ValidationData(aggregator, validAfter, validUntil);
    }

// intersect account and paymaster ranges.
    function _intersectTimeRange(uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) pure returns (ValidationData memory) {
        ValidationData memory accountValidationData = _parseValidationData(validationData);
        ValidationData memory pmValidationData = _parseValidationData(paymasterValidationData);
        address aggregator = accountValidationData.aggregator;
        if (aggregator == address(0)) {
            aggregator = pmValidationData.aggregator;
        }
        uint48 validAfter = accountValidationData.validAfter;
        uint48 validUntil = accountValidationData.validUntil;
        uint48 pmValidAfter = pmValidationData.validAfter;
        uint48 pmValidUntil = pmValidationData.validUntil;

        if (validAfter < pmValidAfter) validAfter = pmValidAfter;
        if (validUntil > pmValidUntil) validUntil = pmValidUntil;
        return ValidationData(aggregator, validAfter, validUntil);
    }

/**
 * helper to pack the return value for validateUserOp
 * @param data - the ValidationData to pack
 */
    function _packValidationData(ValidationData memory data) pure returns (uint256) {
        return uint160(data.aggregator) | (uint256(data.validUntil) << 160) | (uint256(data.validAfter) << (160 + 48));
    }

/**
 * helper to pack the return value for validateUserOp, when not using an aggregator
 * @param sigFailed - true for signature failure, false for success
 * @param validUntil last timestamp this UserOperation is valid (or zero for infinite)
 * @param validAfter first timestamp this UserOperation is valid
 */
    function _packValidationData(bool sigFailed, uint48 validUntil, uint48 validAfter) pure returns (uint256) {
        return (sigFailed ? 1 : 0) | (uint256(validUntil) << 160) | (uint256(validAfter) << (160 + 48));
    }

/**
 * keccak function over calldata.
 * @dev copy calldata into memory, do keccak and drop allocated memory. Strangely, this is more efficient than letting solidity do it.
 */
    function calldataKeccak(bytes calldata data) pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        assembly {
            let mem := mload(0x40)
            let len := data.length
            calldatacopy(mem, data.offset, len)
            ret := keccak256(mem, len)
        }
    }


// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IAccount.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import "./UserOperation.sol";

interface IAccount {

    /**
     * Validate user's signature and nonce
     * the entryPoint will make the call to the recipient only if this validation call returns successfully.
     * signature failure should be reported by returning SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED (1).
     * This allows making a "simulation call" without a valid signature
     * Other failures (e.g. nonce mismatch, or invalid signature format) should still revert to signal failure.
     *
     * @dev Must validate caller is the entryPoint.
     *      Must validate the signature and nonce
     * @param userOp the operation that is about to be executed.
     * @param userOpHash hash of the user's request data. can be used as the basis for signature.
     * @param missingAccountFunds missing funds on the account's deposit in the entrypoint.
     *      This is the minimum amount to transfer to the sender(entryPoint) to be able to make the call.
     *      The excess is left as a deposit in the entrypoint, for future calls.
     *      can be withdrawn anytime using "entryPoint.withdrawTo()"
     *      In case there is a paymaster in the request (or the current deposit is high enough), this value will be zero.
     * @return validationData packaged ValidationData structure. use `_packValidationData` and `_unpackValidationData` to encode and decode
     *      <20-byte> sigAuthorizer - 0 for valid signature, 1 to mark signature failure,
     *         otherwise, an address of an "authorizer" contract.
     *      <6-byte> validUntil - last timestamp this operation is valid. 0 for "indefinite"
     *      <6-byte> validAfter - first timestamp this operation is valid
     *      If an account doesn't use time-range, it is enough to return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED value (1) for signature failure.
     *      Note that the validation code cannot use block.timestamp (or block.number) directly.
     */
    function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingAccountFunds)
    external returns (uint256 validationData);
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol



/**
 ** Account-Abstraction (EIP-4337) singleton EntryPoint implementation.
 ** Only one instance required on each chain.
 **/
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/* solhint-disable avoid-low-level-calls */
/* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */
/* solhint-disable reason-string */

import "./UserOperation.sol";
import "./IStakeManager.sol";
import "./IAggregator.sol";
import "./INonceManager.sol";

interface IEntryPoint is IStakeManager, INonceManager {

    /***
     * An event emitted after each successful request
     * @param userOpHash - unique identifier for the request (hash its entire content, except signature).
     * @param sender - the account that generates this request.
     * @param paymaster - if non-null, the paymaster that pays for this request.
     * @param nonce - the nonce value from the request.
     * @param success - true if the sender transaction succeeded, false if reverted.
     * @param actualGasCost - actual amount paid (by account or paymaster) for this UserOperation.
     * @param actualGasUsed - total gas used by this UserOperation (including preVerification, creation, validation and execution).
     */
    event UserOperationEvent(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, address indexed paymaster, uint256 nonce, bool success, uint256 actualGasCost, uint256 actualGasUsed);

    /**
     * account "sender" was deployed.
     * @param userOpHash the userOp that deployed this account. UserOperationEvent will follow.
     * @param sender the account that is deployed
     * @param factory the factory used to deploy this account (in the initCode)
     * @param paymaster the paymaster used by this UserOp
     */
    event AccountDeployed(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, address factory, address paymaster);

    /**
     * An event emitted if the UserOperation "callData" reverted with non-zero length
     * @param userOpHash the request unique identifier.
     * @param sender the sender of this request
     * @param nonce the nonce used in the request
     * @param revertReason - the return bytes from the (reverted) call to "callData".
     */
    event UserOperationRevertReason(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, uint256 nonce, bytes revertReason);

    /**
     * an event emitted by handleOps(), before starting the execution loop.
     * any event emitted before this event, is part of the validation.
     */
    event BeforeExecution();

    /**
     * signature aggregator used by the following UserOperationEvents within this bundle.
     */
    event SignatureAggregatorChanged(address indexed aggregator);

    /**
     * a custom revert error of handleOps, to identify the offending op.
     *  NOTE: if simulateValidation passes successfully, there should be no reason for handleOps to fail on it.
     *  @param opIndex - index into the array of ops to the failed one (in simulateValidation, this is always zero)
     *  @param reason - revert reason
     *      The string starts with a unique code "AAmn", where "m" is "1" for factory, "2" for account and "3" for paymaster issues,
     *      so a failure can be attributed to the correct entity.
     *   Should be caught in off-chain handleOps simulation and not happen on-chain.
     *   Useful for mitigating DoS attempts against batchers or for troubleshooting of factory/account/paymaster reverts.
     */
    error FailedOp(uint256 opIndex, string reason);

    /**
     * error case when a signature aggregator fails to verify the aggregated signature it had created.
     */
    error SignatureValidationFailed(address aggregator);

    /**
     * Successful result from simulateValidation.
     * @param returnInfo gas and time-range returned values
     * @param senderInfo stake information about the sender
     * @param factoryInfo stake information about the factory (if any)
     * @param paymasterInfo stake information about the paymaster (if any)
     */
    error ValidationResult(ReturnInfo returnInfo,
        StakeInfo senderInfo, StakeInfo factoryInfo, StakeInfo paymasterInfo);

    /**
     * Successful result from simulateValidation, if the account returns a signature aggregator
     * @param returnInfo gas and time-range returned values
     * @param senderInfo stake information about the sender
     * @param factoryInfo stake information about the factory (if any)
     * @param paymasterInfo stake information about the paymaster (if any)
     * @param aggregatorInfo signature aggregation info (if the account requires signature aggregator)
     *      bundler MUST use it to verify the signature, or reject the UserOperation
     */
    error ValidationResultWithAggregation(ReturnInfo returnInfo,
        StakeInfo senderInfo, StakeInfo factoryInfo, StakeInfo paymasterInfo,
        AggregatorStakeInfo aggregatorInfo);

    /**
     * return value of getSenderAddress
     */
    error SenderAddressResult(address sender);

    /**
     * return value of simulateHandleOp
     */
    error ExecutionResult(uint256 preOpGas, uint256 paid, uint48 validAfter, uint48 validUntil, bool targetSuccess, bytes targetResult);

    //UserOps handled, per aggregator
    struct UserOpsPerAggregator {
        UserOperation[] userOps;

        // aggregator address
        IAggregator aggregator;
        // aggregated signature
        bytes signature;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a batch of UserOperation.
     * no signature aggregator is used.
     * if any account requires an aggregator (that is, it returned an aggregator when
     * performing simulateValidation), then handleAggregatedOps() must be used instead.
     * @param ops the operations to execute
     * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
     */
    function handleOps(UserOperation[] calldata ops, address payable beneficiary) external;

    /**
     * Execute a batch of UserOperation with Aggregators
     * @param opsPerAggregator the operations to execute, grouped by aggregator (or address(0) for no-aggregator accounts)
     * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
     */
    function handleAggregatedOps(
        UserOpsPerAggregator[] calldata opsPerAggregator,
        address payable beneficiary
    ) external;

    /**
     * generate a request Id - unique identifier for this request.
     * the request ID is a hash over the content of the userOp (except the signature), the entrypoint and the chainid.
     */
    function getUserOpHash(UserOperation calldata userOp) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * Simulate a call to account.validateUserOp and paymaster.validatePaymasterUserOp.
     * @dev this method always revert. Successful result is ValidationResult error. other errors are failures.
     * @dev The node must also verify it doesn't use banned opcodes, and that it doesn't reference storage outside the account's data.
     * @param userOp the user operation to validate.
     */
    function simulateValidation(UserOperation calldata userOp) external;

    /**
     * gas and return values during simulation
     * @param preOpGas the gas used for validation (including preValidationGas)
     * @param prefund the required prefund for this operation
     * @param sigFailed validateUserOp's (or paymaster's) signature check failed
     * @param validAfter - first timestamp this UserOp is valid (merging account and paymaster time-range)
     * @param validUntil - last timestamp this UserOp is valid (merging account and paymaster time-range)
     * @param paymasterContext returned by validatePaymasterUserOp (to be passed into postOp)
     */
    struct ReturnInfo {
        uint256 preOpGas;
        uint256 prefund;
        bool sigFailed;
        uint48 validAfter;
        uint48 validUntil;
        bytes paymasterContext;
    }

    /**
     * returned aggregated signature info.
     * the aggregator returned by the account, and its current stake.
     */
    struct AggregatorStakeInfo {
        address aggregator;
        StakeInfo stakeInfo;
    }

    /**
     * Get counterfactual sender address.
     *  Calculate the sender contract address that will be generated by the initCode and salt in the UserOperation.
     * this method always revert, and returns the address in SenderAddressResult error
     * @param initCode the constructor code to be passed into the UserOperation.
     */
    function getSenderAddress(bytes memory initCode) external;


    /**
     * simulate full execution of a UserOperation (including both validation and target execution)
     * this method will always revert with "ExecutionResult".
     * it performs full validation of the UserOperation, but ignores signature error.
     * an optional target address is called after the userop succeeds, and its value is returned
     * (before the entire call is reverted)
     * Note that in order to collect the the success/failure of the target call, it must be executed
     * with trace enabled to track the emitted events.
     * @param op the UserOperation to simulate
     * @param target if nonzero, a target address to call after userop simulation. If called, the targetSuccess and targetResult
     *        are set to the return from that call.
     * @param targetCallData callData to pass to target address
     */
    function simulateHandleOp(UserOperation calldata op, address target, bytes calldata targetCallData) external;
}


// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/core/EntryPoint.sol



/**
 ** Account-Abstraction (EIP-4337) singleton EntryPoint implementation.
 ** Only one instance required on each chain.
 **/
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/* solhint-disable avoid-low-level-calls */
/* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */

import "../interfaces/IAccount.sol";
import "../interfaces/IPaymaster.sol";
import "../interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";

import "../utils/Exec.sol";
import "./StakeManager.sol";
import "./SenderCreator.sol";
import "./Helpers.sol";
import "./NonceManager.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract EntryPoint is IEntryPoint, StakeManager, NonceManager, ReentrancyGuard {

    using UserOperationLib for UserOperation;

    SenderCreator private immutable senderCreator = new SenderCreator();

    // internal value used during simulation: need to query aggregator.
    address private constant SIMULATE_FIND_AGGREGATOR = address(1);

    // marker for inner call revert on out of gas
    bytes32 private constant INNER_OUT_OF_GAS = hex'deaddead';

    uint256 private constant REVERT_REASON_MAX_LEN = 2048;

    /**
     * for simulation purposes, validateUserOp (and validatePaymasterUserOp) must return this value
     * in case of signature failure, instead of revert.
     */
    uint256 public constant SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = 1;

    /**
     * compensate the caller's beneficiary address with the collected fees of all UserOperations.
     * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
     * @param amount amount to transfer.
     */
    function _compensate(address payable beneficiary, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(beneficiary != address(0), "AA90 invalid beneficiary");
        (bool success,) = beneficiary.call{value : amount}("");
        require(success, "AA91 failed send to beneficiary");
    }

    /**
     * execute a user op
     * @param opIndex index into the opInfo array
     * @param userOp the userOp to execute
     * @param opInfo the opInfo filled by validatePrepayment for this userOp.
     * @return collected the total amount this userOp paid.
     */
    function _executeUserOp(uint256 opIndex, UserOperation calldata userOp, UserOpInfo memory opInfo) private returns (uint256 collected) {
        uint256 preGas = gasleft();
        bytes memory context = getMemoryBytesFromOffset(opInfo.contextOffset);

        try this.innerHandleOp(userOp.callData, opInfo, context) returns (uint256 _actualGasCost) {
            collected = _actualGasCost;
        } catch {
            bytes32 innerRevertCode;
            assembly {
                returndatacopy(0, 0, 32)
                innerRevertCode := mload(0)
            }
            // handleOps was called with gas limit too low. abort entire bundle.
            if (innerRevertCode == INNER_OUT_OF_GAS) {
                //report paymaster, since if it is not deliberately caused by the bundler,
                // it must be a revert caused by paymaster.
                revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA95 out of gas");
            }

            uint256 actualGas = preGas - gasleft() + opInfo.preOpGas;
            collected = _handlePostOp(opIndex, IPaymaster.PostOpMode.postOpReverted, opInfo, context, actualGas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute a batch of UserOperations.
     * no signature aggregator is used.
     * if any account requires an aggregator (that is, it returned an aggregator when
     * performing simulateValidation), then handleAggregatedOps() must be used instead.
     * @param ops the operations to execute
     * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
     */
    function handleOps(UserOperation[] calldata ops, address payable beneficiary) public nonReentrant {

        uint256 opslen = ops.length;
        UserOpInfo[] memory opInfos = new UserOpInfo[](opslen);

    unchecked {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < opslen; i++) {
            UserOpInfo memory opInfo = opInfos[i];
            (uint256 validationData, uint256 pmValidationData) = _validatePrepayment(i, ops[i], opInfo);
            _validateAccountAndPaymasterValidationData(i, validationData, pmValidationData, address(0));
        }

        uint256 collected = 0;
        emit BeforeExecution();

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < opslen; i++) {
            collected += _executeUserOp(i, ops[i], opInfos[i]);
        }

        _compensate(beneficiary, collected);
    } //unchecked
    }

    /**
     * Execute a batch of UserOperation with Aggregators
     * @param opsPerAggregator the operations to execute, grouped by aggregator (or address(0) for no-aggregator accounts)
     * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
     */
    function handleAggregatedOps(
        UserOpsPerAggregator[] calldata opsPerAggregator,
        address payable beneficiary
    ) public nonReentrant {

        uint256 opasLen = opsPerAggregator.length;
        uint256 totalOps = 0;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < opasLen; i++) {
            UserOpsPerAggregator calldata opa = opsPerAggregator[i];
            UserOperation[] calldata ops = opa.userOps;
            IAggregator aggregator = opa.aggregator;

            //address(1) is special marker of "signature error"
            require(address(aggregator) != address(1), "AA96 invalid aggregator");

            if (address(aggregator) != address(0)) {
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
                try aggregator.validateSignatures(ops, opa.signature) {}
                catch {
                    revert SignatureValidationFailed(address(aggregator));
                }
            }

            totalOps += ops.length;
        }

        UserOpInfo[] memory opInfos = new UserOpInfo[](totalOps);

        emit BeforeExecution();

        uint256 opIndex = 0;
        for (uint256 a = 0; a < opasLen; a++) {
            UserOpsPerAggregator calldata opa = opsPerAggregator[a];
            UserOperation[] calldata ops = opa.userOps;
            IAggregator aggregator = opa.aggregator;

            uint256 opslen = ops.length;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < opslen; i++) {
                UserOpInfo memory opInfo = opInfos[opIndex];
                (uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) = _validatePrepayment(opIndex, ops[i], opInfo);
                _validateAccountAndPaymasterValidationData(i, validationData, paymasterValidationData, address(aggregator));
                opIndex++;
            }
        }

        uint256 collected = 0;
        opIndex = 0;
        for (uint256 a = 0; a < opasLen; a++) {
            UserOpsPerAggregator calldata opa = opsPerAggregator[a];
            emit SignatureAggregatorChanged(address(opa.aggregator));
            UserOperation[] calldata ops = opa.userOps;
            uint256 opslen = ops.length;

            for (uint256 i = 0; i < opslen; i++) {
                collected += _executeUserOp(opIndex, ops[i], opInfos[opIndex]);
                opIndex++;
            }
        }
        emit SignatureAggregatorChanged(address(0));

        _compensate(beneficiary, collected);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IEntryPoint
    function simulateHandleOp(UserOperation calldata op, address target, bytes calldata targetCallData) external override {

        UserOpInfo memory opInfo;
        _simulationOnlyValidations(op);
        (uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) = _validatePrepayment(0, op, opInfo);
        ValidationData memory data = _intersectTimeRange(validationData, paymasterValidationData);

        numberMarker();
        uint256 paid = _executeUserOp(0, op, opInfo);
        numberMarker();
        bool targetSuccess;
        bytes memory targetResult;
        if (target != address(0)) {
            (targetSuccess, targetResult) = target.call(targetCallData);
        }
        revert ExecutionResult(opInfo.preOpGas, paid, data.validAfter, data.validUntil, targetSuccess, targetResult);
    }


    // A memory copy of UserOp static fields only.
    // Excluding: callData, initCode and signature. Replacing paymasterAndData with paymaster.
    struct MemoryUserOp {
        address sender;
        uint256 nonce;
        uint256 callGasLimit;
        uint256 verificationGasLimit;
        uint256 preVerificationGas;
        address paymaster;
        uint256 maxFeePerGas;
        uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas;
    }

    struct UserOpInfo {
        MemoryUserOp mUserOp;
        bytes32 userOpHash;
        uint256 prefund;
        uint256 contextOffset;
        uint256 preOpGas;
    }

    /**
     * inner function to handle a UserOperation.
     * Must be declared "external" to open a call context, but it can only be called by handleOps.
     */
    function innerHandleOp(bytes memory callData, UserOpInfo memory opInfo, bytes calldata context) external returns (uint256 actualGasCost) {
        uint256 preGas = gasleft();
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "AA92 internal call only");
        MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp = opInfo.mUserOp;

        uint callGasLimit = mUserOp.callGasLimit;
    unchecked {
        // handleOps was called with gas limit too low. abort entire bundle.
        if (gasleft() < callGasLimit + mUserOp.verificationGasLimit + 5000) {
            assembly {
                mstore(0, INNER_OUT_OF_GAS)
                revert(0, 32)
            }
        }
    }

        IPaymaster.PostOpMode mode = IPaymaster.PostOpMode.opSucceeded;
        if (callData.length > 0) {
            bool success = Exec.call(mUserOp.sender, 0, callData, callGasLimit);
            if (!success) {
                bytes memory result = Exec.getReturnData(REVERT_REASON_MAX_LEN);
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    emit UserOperationRevertReason(opInfo.userOpHash, mUserOp.sender, mUserOp.nonce, result);
                }
                mode = IPaymaster.PostOpMode.opReverted;
            }
        }

    unchecked {
        uint256 actualGas = preGas - gasleft() + opInfo.preOpGas;
        //note: opIndex is ignored (relevant only if mode==postOpReverted, which is only possible outside of innerHandleOp)
        return _handlePostOp(0, mode, opInfo, context, actualGas);
    }
    }

    /**
     * generate a request Id - unique identifier for this request.
     * the request ID is a hash over the content of the userOp (except the signature), the entrypoint and the chainid.
     */
    function getUserOpHash(UserOperation calldata userOp) public view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(userOp.hash(), address(this), block.chainid));
    }

    /**
     * copy general fields from userOp into the memory opInfo structure.
     */
    function _copyUserOpToMemory(UserOperation calldata userOp, MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp) internal pure {
        mUserOp.sender = userOp.sender;
        mUserOp.nonce = userOp.nonce;
        mUserOp.callGasLimit = userOp.callGasLimit;
        mUserOp.verificationGasLimit = userOp.verificationGasLimit;
        mUserOp.preVerificationGas = userOp.preVerificationGas;
        mUserOp.maxFeePerGas = userOp.maxFeePerGas;
        mUserOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas = userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        bytes calldata paymasterAndData = userOp.paymasterAndData;
        if (paymasterAndData.length > 0) {
            require(paymasterAndData.length >= 20, "AA93 invalid paymasterAndData");
            mUserOp.paymaster = address(bytes20(paymasterAndData[: 20]));
        } else {
            mUserOp.paymaster = address(0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simulate a call to account.validateUserOp and paymaster.validatePaymasterUserOp.
     * @dev this method always revert. Successful result is ValidationResult error. other errors are failures.
     * @dev The node must also verify it doesn't use banned opcodes, and that it doesn't reference storage outside the account's data.
     * @param userOp the user operation to validate.
     */
    function simulateValidation(UserOperation calldata userOp) external {
        UserOpInfo memory outOpInfo;

        _simulationOnlyValidations(userOp);
        (uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) = _validatePrepayment(0, userOp, outOpInfo);
        StakeInfo memory paymasterInfo = _getStakeInfo(outOpInfo.mUserOp.paymaster);
        StakeInfo memory senderInfo = _getStakeInfo(outOpInfo.mUserOp.sender);
        StakeInfo memory factoryInfo;
        {
            bytes calldata initCode = userOp.initCode;
            address factory = initCode.length >= 20 ? address(bytes20(initCode[0 : 20])) : address(0);
            factoryInfo = _getStakeInfo(factory);
        }

        ValidationData memory data = _intersectTimeRange(validationData, paymasterValidationData);
        address aggregator = data.aggregator;
        bool sigFailed = aggregator == address(1);
        ReturnInfo memory returnInfo = ReturnInfo(outOpInfo.preOpGas, outOpInfo.prefund,
            sigFailed, data.validAfter, data.validUntil, getMemoryBytesFromOffset(outOpInfo.contextOffset));

        if (aggregator != address(0) && aggregator != address(1)) {
            AggregatorStakeInfo memory aggregatorInfo = AggregatorStakeInfo(aggregator, _getStakeInfo(aggregator));
            revert ValidationResultWithAggregation(returnInfo, senderInfo, factoryInfo, paymasterInfo, aggregatorInfo);
        }
        revert ValidationResult(returnInfo, senderInfo, factoryInfo, paymasterInfo);

    }

    function _getRequiredPrefund(MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp) internal pure returns (uint256 requiredPrefund) {
    unchecked {
        //when using a Paymaster, the verificationGasLimit is used also to as a limit for the postOp call.
        // our security model might call postOp eventually twice
        uint256 mul = mUserOp.paymaster != address(0) ? 3 : 1;
        uint256 requiredGas = mUserOp.callGasLimit + mUserOp.verificationGasLimit * mul + mUserOp.preVerificationGas;

        requiredPrefund = requiredGas * mUserOp.maxFeePerGas;
    }
    }

    // create the sender's contract if needed.
    function _createSenderIfNeeded(uint256 opIndex, UserOpInfo memory opInfo, bytes calldata initCode) internal {
        if (initCode.length != 0) {
            address sender = opInfo.mUserOp.sender;
            if (sender.code.length != 0) revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA10 sender already constructed");
            address sender1 = senderCreator.createSender{gas : opInfo.mUserOp.verificationGasLimit}(initCode);
            if (sender1 == address(0)) revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA13 initCode failed or OOG");
            if (sender1 != sender) revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA14 initCode must return sender");
            if (sender1.code.length == 0) revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA15 initCode must create sender");
            address factory = address(bytes20(initCode[0 : 20]));
            emit AccountDeployed(opInfo.userOpHash, sender, factory, opInfo.mUserOp.paymaster);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get counterfactual sender address.
     *  Calculate the sender contract address that will be generated by the initCode and salt in the UserOperation.
     * this method always revert, and returns the address in SenderAddressResult error
     * @param initCode the constructor code to be passed into the UserOperation.
     */
    function getSenderAddress(bytes calldata initCode) public {
        address sender = senderCreator.createSender(initCode);
        revert SenderAddressResult(sender);
    }

    function _simulationOnlyValidations(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal view {
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
        try this._validateSenderAndPaymaster(userOp.initCode, userOp.sender, userOp.paymasterAndData) {}
        catch Error(string memory revertReason) {
            if (bytes(revertReason).length != 0) {
                revert FailedOp(0, revertReason);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
    * Called only during simulation.
    * This function always reverts to prevent warm/cold storage differentiation in simulation vs execution.
    */
    function _validateSenderAndPaymaster(bytes calldata initCode, address sender, bytes calldata paymasterAndData) external view {
        if (initCode.length == 0 && sender.code.length == 0) {
            // it would revert anyway. but give a meaningful message
            revert("AA20 account not deployed");
        }
        if (paymasterAndData.length >= 20) {
            address paymaster = address(bytes20(paymasterAndData[0 : 20]));
            if (paymaster.code.length == 0) {
                // it would revert anyway. but give a meaningful message
                revert("AA30 paymaster not deployed");
            }
        }
        // always revert
        revert("");
    }

    /**
     * call account.validateUserOp.
     * revert (with FailedOp) in case validateUserOp reverts, or account didn't send required prefund.
     * decrement account's deposit if needed
     */
    function _validateAccountPrepayment(uint256 opIndex, UserOperation calldata op, UserOpInfo memory opInfo, uint256 requiredPrefund)
    internal returns (uint256 gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment, uint256 validationData) {
    unchecked {
        uint256 preGas = gasleft();
        MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp = opInfo.mUserOp;
        address sender = mUserOp.sender;
        _createSenderIfNeeded(opIndex, opInfo, op.initCode);
        address paymaster = mUserOp.paymaster;
        numberMarker();
        uint256 missingAccountFunds = 0;
        if (paymaster == address(0)) {
            uint256 bal = balanceOf(sender);
            missingAccountFunds = bal > requiredPrefund ? 0 : requiredPrefund - bal;
        }
        try IAccount(sender).validateUserOp{gas : mUserOp.verificationGasLimit}(op, opInfo.userOpHash, missingAccountFunds)
        returns (uint256 _validationData) {
            validationData = _validationData;
        } catch Error(string memory revertReason) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, string.concat("AA23 reverted: ", revertReason));
        } catch {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA23 reverted (or OOG)");
        }
        if (paymaster == address(0)) {
            DepositInfo storage senderInfo = deposits[sender];
            uint256 deposit = senderInfo.deposit;
            if (requiredPrefund > deposit) {
                revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA21 didn't pay prefund");
            }
            senderInfo.deposit = uint112(deposit - requiredPrefund);
        }
        gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment = preGas - gasleft();
    }
    }

    /**
     * In case the request has a paymaster:
     * Validate paymaster has enough deposit.
     * Call paymaster.validatePaymasterUserOp.
     * Revert with proper FailedOp in case paymaster reverts.
     * Decrement paymaster's deposit
     */
    function _validatePaymasterPrepayment(uint256 opIndex, UserOperation calldata op, UserOpInfo memory opInfo, uint256 requiredPreFund, uint256 gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment)
    internal returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData) {
    unchecked {
        MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp = opInfo.mUserOp;
        uint256 verificationGasLimit = mUserOp.verificationGasLimit;
        require(verificationGasLimit > gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment, "AA41 too little verificationGas");
        uint256 gas = verificationGasLimit - gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment;

        address paymaster = mUserOp.paymaster;
        DepositInfo storage paymasterInfo = deposits[paymaster];
        uint256 deposit = paymasterInfo.deposit;
        if (deposit < requiredPreFund) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA31 paymaster deposit too low");
        }
        paymasterInfo.deposit = uint112(deposit - requiredPreFund);
        try IPaymaster(paymaster).validatePaymasterUserOp{gas : gas}(op, opInfo.userOpHash, requiredPreFund) returns (bytes memory _context, uint256 _validationData){
            context = _context;
            validationData = _validationData;
        } catch Error(string memory revertReason) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, string.concat("AA33 reverted: ", revertReason));
        } catch {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA33 reverted (or OOG)");
        }
    }
    }

    /**
     * revert if either account validationData or paymaster validationData is expired
     */
    function _validateAccountAndPaymasterValidationData(uint256 opIndex, uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData, address expectedAggregator) internal view {
        (address aggregator, bool outOfTimeRange) = _getValidationData(validationData);
        if (expectedAggregator != aggregator) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA24 signature error");
        }
        if (outOfTimeRange) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA22 expired or not due");
        }
        //pmAggregator is not a real signature aggregator: we don't have logic to handle it as address.
        // non-zero address means that the paymaster fails due to some signature check (which is ok only during estimation)
        address pmAggregator;
        (pmAggregator, outOfTimeRange) = _getValidationData(paymasterValidationData);
        if (pmAggregator != address(0)) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA34 signature error");
        }
        if (outOfTimeRange) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA32 paymaster expired or not due");
        }
    }

    function _getValidationData(uint256 validationData) internal view returns (address aggregator, bool outOfTimeRange) {
        if (validationData == 0) {
            return (address(0), false);
        }
        ValidationData memory data = _parseValidationData(validationData);
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        outOfTimeRange = block.timestamp > data.validUntil || block.timestamp < data.validAfter;
        aggregator = data.aggregator;
    }

    /**
     * validate account and paymaster (if defined).
     * also make sure total validation doesn't exceed verificationGasLimit
     * this method is called off-chain (simulateValidation()) and on-chain (from handleOps)
     * @param opIndex the index of this userOp into the "opInfos" array
     * @param userOp the userOp to validate
     */
    function _validatePrepayment(uint256 opIndex, UserOperation calldata userOp, UserOpInfo memory outOpInfo)
    private returns (uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) {

        uint256 preGas = gasleft();
        MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp = outOpInfo.mUserOp;
        _copyUserOpToMemory(userOp, mUserOp);
        outOpInfo.userOpHash = getUserOpHash(userOp);

        // validate all numeric values in userOp are well below 128 bit, so they can safely be added
        // and multiplied without causing overflow
        uint256 maxGasValues = mUserOp.preVerificationGas | mUserOp.verificationGasLimit | mUserOp.callGasLimit |
        userOp.maxFeePerGas | userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        require(maxGasValues <= type(uint120).max, "AA94 gas values overflow");

        uint256 gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment;
        (uint256 requiredPreFund) = _getRequiredPrefund(mUserOp);
        (gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment, validationData) = _validateAccountPrepayment(opIndex, userOp, outOpInfo, requiredPreFund);

        if (!_validateAndUpdateNonce(mUserOp.sender, mUserOp.nonce)) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA25 invalid account nonce");
        }

        //a "marker" where account opcode validation is done and paymaster opcode validation is about to start
        // (used only by off-chain simulateValidation)
        numberMarker();

        bytes memory context;
        if (mUserOp.paymaster != address(0)) {
            (context, paymasterValidationData) = _validatePaymasterPrepayment(opIndex, userOp, outOpInfo, requiredPreFund, gasUsedByValidateAccountPrepayment);
        }
    unchecked {
        uint256 gasUsed = preGas - gasleft();

        if (userOp.verificationGasLimit < gasUsed) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA40 over verificationGasLimit");
        }
        outOpInfo.prefund = requiredPreFund;
        outOpInfo.contextOffset = getOffsetOfMemoryBytes(context);
        outOpInfo.preOpGas = preGas - gasleft() + userOp.preVerificationGas;
    }
    }

    /**
     * process post-operation.
     * called just after the callData is executed.
     * if a paymaster is defined and its validation returned a non-empty context, its postOp is called.
     * the excess amount is refunded to the account (or paymaster - if it was used in the request)
     * @param opIndex index in the batch
     * @param mode - whether is called from innerHandleOp, or outside (postOpReverted)
     * @param opInfo userOp fields and info collected during validation
     * @param context the context returned in validatePaymasterUserOp
     * @param actualGas the gas used so far by this user operation
     */
    function _handlePostOp(uint256 opIndex, IPaymaster.PostOpMode mode, UserOpInfo memory opInfo, bytes memory context, uint256 actualGas) private returns (uint256 actualGasCost) {
        uint256 preGas = gasleft();
    unchecked {
        address refundAddress;
        MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp = opInfo.mUserOp;
        uint256 gasPrice = getUserOpGasPrice(mUserOp);

        address paymaster = mUserOp.paymaster;
        if (paymaster == address(0)) {
            refundAddress = mUserOp.sender;
        } else {
            refundAddress = paymaster;
            if (context.length > 0) {
                actualGasCost = actualGas * gasPrice;
                if (mode != IPaymaster.PostOpMode.postOpReverted) {
                    IPaymaster(paymaster).postOp{gas : mUserOp.verificationGasLimit}(mode, context, actualGasCost);
                } else {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
                    try IPaymaster(paymaster).postOp{gas : mUserOp.verificationGasLimit}(mode, context, actualGasCost) {}
                    catch Error(string memory reason) {
                        revert FailedOp(opIndex, string.concat("AA50 postOp reverted: ", reason));
                    }
                    catch {
                        revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA50 postOp revert");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        actualGas += preGas - gasleft();
        actualGasCost = actualGas * gasPrice;
        if (opInfo.prefund < actualGasCost) {
            revert FailedOp(opIndex, "AA51 prefund below actualGasCost");
        }
        uint256 refund = opInfo.prefund - actualGasCost;
        _incrementDeposit(refundAddress, refund);
        bool success = mode == IPaymaster.PostOpMode.opSucceeded;
        emit UserOperationEvent(opInfo.userOpHash, mUserOp.sender, mUserOp.paymaster, mUserOp.nonce, success, actualGasCost, actualGas);
    } // unchecked
    }

    /**
     * the gas price this UserOp agrees to pay.
     * relayer/block builder might submit the TX with higher priorityFee, but the user should not
     */
    function getUserOpGasPrice(MemoryUserOp memory mUserOp) internal view returns (uint256) {
    unchecked {
        uint256 maxFeePerGas = mUserOp.maxFeePerGas;
        uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas = mUserOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        if (maxFeePerGas == maxPriorityFeePerGas) {
            //legacy mode (for networks that don't support basefee opcode)
            return maxFeePerGas;
        }
        return min(maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas + block.basefee);
    }
    }

    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    function getOffsetOfMemoryBytes(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (uint256 offset) {
        assembly {offset := data}
    }

    function getMemoryBytesFromOffset(uint256 offset) internal pure returns (bytes memory data) {
        assembly {data := offset}
    }

    //place the NUMBER opcode in the code.
    // this is used as a marker during simulation, as this OP is completely banned from the simulated code of the
    // account and paymaster.
    function numberMarker() internal view {
        assembly {mstore(0, number())}
    }
}


// File: src/utils/Exec.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.7.5 <0.9.0;

// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly

enum Operation {
    Call,
    DelegateCall
}

/**
 * Utility functions helpful when making different kinds of contract calls in Solidity.
 */
library Exec {
    function call(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data)
        internal
        returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData)
    {
        assembly {
            success := call(gas(), to, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
            let len := returndatasize()
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(len, 0x20)))
            mstore(ptr, len)
            returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, len)
            returnData := ptr
        }
    }

    function staticcall(address to, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData) {
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(gas(), to, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
            let len := returndatasize()
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(len, 0x20)))
            mstore(ptr, len)
            returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, len)
            returnData := ptr
        }
    }

    function delegateCall(address to, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData) {
        assembly {
            success := delegatecall(gas(), to, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
            let len := returndatasize()
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(len, 0x20)))
            mstore(ptr, len)
            returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, len)
            returnData := ptr
        }
    }
}

// File: src/abstract/Compatibility.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

abstract contract Compatibility {
    receive() external payable {}

    function onERC721Received(address, address, uint256, bytes calldata) external pure returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC721Received.selector;
    }

    function onERC1155Received(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes calldata) external pure returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155Received.selector;
    }

    function onERC1155BatchReceived(address, address, uint256[] calldata, uint256[] calldata, bytes calldata)
        external
        pure
        returns (bytes4)
    {
        return this.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector;
    }
}

// File: src/abstract/KernelStorage.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Importing necessary interfaces
import "account-abstraction/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
import "src/validator/IValidator.sol";

// Defining a struct for execution details
struct ExecutionDetail {
    uint48 validUntil; // Until what time is this execution valid
    uint48 validAfter; // After what time is this execution valid
    address executor; // Who is the executor of this execution
    IKernelValidator validator; // The validator for this execution
}

// Defining a struct for wallet kernel storage
struct WalletKernelStorage {
    bytes32 __deprecated; // A deprecated field
    bytes4 disabledMode; // Mode which is currently disabled
    uint48 lastDisabledTime; // Last time when a mode was disabled
    address owner;
    IKernelValidator defaultValidator; // Default validator for the wallet
    mapping(bytes4 => ExecutionDetail) execution; // Mapping of function selectors to execution details
}

/// @title Kernel Storage Contract
/// @author taek<leekt216@gmail.com>
/// @notice This contract serves as the storage module for the Kernel contract.
/// @dev This contract should only be used by the main Kernel contract.
contract KernelStorage {
    uint256 internal constant SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = 1; // Signature validation failed error code

    IEntryPoint public immutable entryPoint; // The entry point of the contract

    // Event declarations
    event Upgraded(address indexed newImplementation);
    event DefaultValidatorChanged(address indexed oldValidator, address indexed newValidator);
    event ExecutionChanged(bytes4 indexed selector, address indexed executor, address indexed validator);
    event OwnerUpdated(address indexed newOwner);

    // Modifier to check if the function is called by the entry point, the contract itself or the owner
    modifier onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf() {
        address owner = getKernelStorage().owner;
        require(
            msg.sender == address(entryPoint) || msg.sender == address(this) || msg.sender == owner,
            "account: not from entrypoint or owner or self"
        );
        _;
    }

    /// @param _entryPoint The address of the EntryPoint contract
    /// @dev Sets up the EntryPoint contract address
    constructor(IEntryPoint _entryPoint) {
        entryPoint = _entryPoint;
        getKernelStorage().defaultValidator = IKernelValidator(address(1));
    }

    // Function to initialize the wallet kernel
    function initialize(IKernelValidator _defaultValidator, bytes calldata _data) external {
        WalletKernelStorage storage ws = getKernelStorage();
        require(address(ws.defaultValidator) == address(0), "account: already initialized");
        ws.defaultValidator = _defaultValidator;
        ws.owner = address(bytes20(_data[0:20]));
        emit DefaultValidatorChanged(address(0), address(_defaultValidator));
        _defaultValidator.enable(_data);
    }

    // Function to get the wallet kernel storage
    function getKernelStorage() internal pure returns (WalletKernelStorage storage ws) {
        bytes32 storagePosition = bytes32(uint256(keccak256("zerodev.kernel")) - 1);
        assembly {
            ws.slot := storagePosition
        }
    }

    // Function to upgrade the contract to a new implementation
    function upgradeTo(address _newImplementation) external onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf {
        bytes32 slot = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _newImplementation)
        }
        emit Upgraded(_newImplementation);
    }

    // Functions to get the nonce from the entry point
    function getNonce() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return entryPoint.getNonce(address(this), 0);
    }

    function getNonce(uint192 key) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return entryPoint.getNonce(address(this), key);
    }

    // query storage
    function getDefaultValidator() public view returns (IKernelValidator) {
        return getKernelStorage().defaultValidator;
    }

    function getDisabledMode() public view returns (bytes4) {
        return getKernelStorage().disabledMode;
    }

    function getLastDisabledTime() public view returns (uint48) {
        return getKernelStorage().lastDisabledTime;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the execution details for a specific function signature
    /// @dev This function can be used to get execution details for a specific function signature
    /// @param _selector The function signature
    /// @return ExecutionDetail struct containing the execution details
    function getExecution(bytes4 _selector) public view returns (ExecutionDetail memory) {
        return getKernelStorage().execution[_selector];
    }

    /// @notice Changes the execution details for a specific function selector
    /// @dev This function can only be called from the EntryPoint contract, the contract owner, or itself
    /// @param _selector The selector of the function for which execution details are being set
    /// @param _executor The executor to be associated with the function selector
    /// @param _validator The validator contract that will be responsible for validating operations associated with this function selector
    /// @param _validUntil The timestamp until which the execution details are valid
    /// @param _validAfter The timestamp after which the execution details are valid
    function setExecution(
        bytes4 _selector,
        address _executor,
        IKernelValidator _validator,
        uint48 _validUntil,
        uint48 _validAfter,
        bytes calldata _enableData
    ) external onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf {
        getKernelStorage().execution[_selector] = ExecutionDetail({
            executor: _executor,
            validator: _validator,
            validUntil: _validUntil,
            validAfter: _validAfter
        });
        _validator.enable(_enableData);
        emit ExecutionChanged(_selector, _executor, address(_validator));
    }

    function setDefaultValidator(IKernelValidator _defaultValidator, bytes calldata _data)
        external
        onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf
    {
        IKernelValidator oldValidator = getKernelStorage().defaultValidator;
        getKernelStorage().defaultValidator = _defaultValidator;
        emit DefaultValidatorChanged(address(oldValidator), address(_defaultValidator));
        _defaultValidator.enable(_data);
    }

    function setOwner(address _newOwner) external onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf {
        require(_newOwner != address(0), "Address cannot be 0");
        getKernelStorage().owner = _newOwner;
    }

    function getOwner() external view returns (address) {
        return getKernelStorage().owner;
    }

    /// @notice Updates the disabled mode
    /// @dev This function can be used to update the disabled mode
    /// @param _disableFlag The new disabled mode
    function disableMode(bytes4 _disableFlag) external onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf {
        getKernelStorage().disabledMode = _disableFlag;
        getKernelStorage().lastDisabledTime = uint48(block.timestamp);
    }
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/UserOperation.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */

import {calldataKeccak} from "../core/Helpers.sol";

/**
 * User Operation struct
 * @param sender the sender account of this request.
     * @param nonce unique value the sender uses to verify it is not a replay.
     * @param initCode if set, the account contract will be created by this constructor/
     * @param callData the method call to execute on this account.
     * @param callGasLimit the gas limit passed to the callData method call.
     * @param verificationGasLimit gas used for validateUserOp and validatePaymasterUserOp.
     * @param preVerificationGas gas not calculated by the handleOps method, but added to the gas paid. Covers batch overhead.
     * @param maxFeePerGas same as EIP-1559 gas parameter.
     * @param maxPriorityFeePerGas same as EIP-1559 gas parameter.
     * @param paymasterAndData if set, this field holds the paymaster address and paymaster-specific data. the paymaster will pay for the transaction instead of the sender.
     * @param signature sender-verified signature over the entire request, the EntryPoint address and the chain ID.
     */
    struct UserOperation {

        address sender;
        uint256 nonce;
        bytes initCode;
        bytes callData;
        uint256 callGasLimit;
        uint256 verificationGasLimit;
        uint256 preVerificationGas;
        uint256 maxFeePerGas;
        uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        bytes paymasterAndData;
        bytes signature;
    }

/**
 * Utility functions helpful when working with UserOperation structs.
 */
library UserOperationLib {

    function getSender(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (address) {
        address data;
        //read sender from userOp, which is first userOp member (saves 800 gas...)
        assembly {data := calldataload(userOp)}
        return address(uint160(data));
    }

    //relayer/block builder might submit the TX with higher priorityFee, but the user should not
    // pay above what he signed for.
    function gasPrice(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal view returns (uint256) {
    unchecked {
        uint256 maxFeePerGas = userOp.maxFeePerGas;
        uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas = userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        if (maxFeePerGas == maxPriorityFeePerGas) {
            //legacy mode (for networks that don't support basefee opcode)
            return maxFeePerGas;
        }
        return min(maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas + block.basefee);
    }
    }

    function pack(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (bytes memory ret) {
        address sender = getSender(userOp);
        uint256 nonce = userOp.nonce;
        bytes32 hashInitCode = calldataKeccak(userOp.initCode);
        bytes32 hashCallData = calldataKeccak(userOp.callData);
        uint256 callGasLimit = userOp.callGasLimit;
        uint256 verificationGasLimit = userOp.verificationGasLimit;
        uint256 preVerificationGas = userOp.preVerificationGas;
        uint256 maxFeePerGas = userOp.maxFeePerGas;
        uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas = userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
        bytes32 hashPaymasterAndData = calldataKeccak(userOp.paymasterAndData);

        return abi.encode(
            sender, nonce,
            hashInitCode, hashCallData,
            callGasLimit, verificationGasLimit, preVerificationGas,
            maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas,
            hashPaymasterAndData
        );
    }

    function hash(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(pack(userOp));
    }

    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }
}

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IStakeManager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/**
 * manage deposits and stakes.
 * deposit is just a balance used to pay for UserOperations (either by a paymaster or an account)
 * stake is value locked for at least "unstakeDelay" by the staked entity.
 */
interface IStakeManager {

    event Deposited(
        address indexed account,
        uint256 totalDeposit
    );

    event Withdrawn(
        address indexed account,
        address withdrawAddress,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// Emitted when stake or unstake delay are modified
    event StakeLocked(
        address indexed account,
        uint256 totalStaked,
        uint256 unstakeDelaySec
    );

    /// Emitted once a stake is scheduled for withdrawal
    event StakeUnlocked(
        address indexed account,
        uint256 withdrawTime
    );

    event StakeWithdrawn(
        address indexed account,
        address withdrawAddress,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /**
     * @param deposit the entity's deposit
     * @param staked true if this entity is staked.
     * @param stake actual amount of ether staked for this entity.
     * @param unstakeDelaySec minimum delay to withdraw the stake.
     * @param withdrawTime - first block timestamp where 'withdrawStake' will be callable, or zero if already locked
     * @dev sizes were chosen so that (deposit,staked, stake) fit into one cell (used during handleOps)
     *    and the rest fit into a 2nd cell.
     *    112 bit allows for 10^15 eth
     *    48 bit for full timestamp
     *    32 bit allows 150 years for unstake delay
     */
    struct DepositInfo {
        uint112 deposit;
        bool staked;
        uint112 stake;
        uint32 unstakeDelaySec;
        uint48 withdrawTime;
    }

    //API struct used by getStakeInfo and simulateValidation
    struct StakeInfo {
        uint256 stake;
        uint256 unstakeDelaySec;
    }

    /// @return info - full deposit information of given account
    function getDepositInfo(address account) external view returns (DepositInfo memory info);

    /// @return the deposit (for gas payment) of the account
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * add to the deposit of the given account
     */
    function depositTo(address account) external payable;

    /**
     * add to the account's stake - amount and delay
     * any pending unstake is first cancelled.
     * @param _unstakeDelaySec the new lock duration before the deposit can be withdrawn.
     */
    function addStake(uint32 _unstakeDelaySec) external payable;

    /**
     * attempt to unlock the stake.
     * the value can be withdrawn (using withdrawStake) after the unstake delay.
     */
    function unlockStake() external;

    /**
     * withdraw from the (unlocked) stake.
     * must first call unlockStake and wait for the unstakeDelay to pass
     * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
     */
    function withdrawStake(address payable withdrawAddress) external;

    /**
     * withdraw from the deposit.
     * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
     * @param withdrawAmount the amount to withdraw.
     */
    function withdrawTo(address payable withdrawAddress, uint256 withdrawAmount) external;
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IAggregator.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import "./UserOperation.sol";

/**
 * Aggregated Signatures validator.
 */
interface IAggregator {

    /**
     * validate aggregated signature.
     * revert if the aggregated signature does not match the given list of operations.
     */
    function validateSignatures(UserOperation[] calldata userOps, bytes calldata signature) external view;

    /**
     * validate signature of a single userOp
     * This method is should be called by bundler after EntryPoint.simulateValidation() returns (reverts) with ValidationResultWithAggregation
     * First it validates the signature over the userOp. Then it returns data to be used when creating the handleOps.
     * @param userOp the userOperation received from the user.
     * @return sigForUserOp the value to put into the signature field of the userOp when calling handleOps.
     *    (usually empty, unless account and aggregator support some kind of "multisig"
     */
    function validateUserOpSignature(UserOperation calldata userOp)
    external view returns (bytes memory sigForUserOp);

    /**
     * aggregate multiple signatures into a single value.
     * This method is called off-chain to calculate the signature to pass with handleOps()
     * bundler MAY use optimized custom code perform this aggregation
     * @param userOps array of UserOperations to collect the signatures from.
     * @return aggregatedSignature the aggregated signature
     */
    function aggregateSignatures(UserOperation[] calldata userOps) external view returns (bytes memory aggregatedSignature);
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/INonceManager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

interface INonceManager {

    /**
     * Return the next nonce for this sender.
     * Within a given key, the nonce values are sequenced (starting with zero, and incremented by one on each userop)
     * But UserOp with different keys can come with arbitrary order.
     *
     * @param sender the account address
     * @param key the high 192 bit of the nonce
     * @return nonce a full nonce to pass for next UserOp with this sender.
     */
    function getNonce(address sender, uint192 key)
    external view returns (uint256 nonce);

    /**
     * Manually increment the nonce of the sender.
     * This method is exposed just for completeness..
     * Account does NOT need to call it, neither during validation, nor elsewhere,
     * as the EntryPoint will update the nonce regardless.
     * Possible use-case is call it with various keys to "initialize" their nonces to one, so that future
     * UserOperations will not pay extra for the first transaction with a given key.
     */
    function incrementNonce(uint192 key) external;
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IPaymaster.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import "./UserOperation.sol";

/**
 * the interface exposed by a paymaster contract, who agrees to pay the gas for user's operations.
 * a paymaster must hold a stake to cover the required entrypoint stake and also the gas for the transaction.
 */
interface IPaymaster {

    enum PostOpMode {
        opSucceeded, // user op succeeded
        opReverted, // user op reverted. still has to pay for gas.
        postOpReverted //user op succeeded, but caused postOp to revert. Now it's a 2nd call, after user's op was deliberately reverted.
    }

    /**
     * payment validation: check if paymaster agrees to pay.
     * Must verify sender is the entryPoint.
     * Revert to reject this request.
     * Note that bundlers will reject this method if it changes the state, unless the paymaster is trusted (whitelisted)
     * The paymaster pre-pays using its deposit, and receive back a refund after the postOp method returns.
     * @param userOp the user operation
     * @param userOpHash hash of the user's request data.
     * @param maxCost the maximum cost of this transaction (based on maximum gas and gas price from userOp)
     * @return context value to send to a postOp
     *      zero length to signify postOp is not required.
     * @return validationData signature and time-range of this operation, encoded the same as the return value of validateUserOperation
     *      <20-byte> sigAuthorizer - 0 for valid signature, 1 to mark signature failure,
     *         otherwise, an address of an "authorizer" contract.
     *      <6-byte> validUntil - last timestamp this operation is valid. 0 for "indefinite"
     *      <6-byte> validAfter - first timestamp this operation is valid
     *      Note that the validation code cannot use block.timestamp (or block.number) directly.
     */
    function validatePaymasterUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 maxCost)
    external returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData);

    /**
     * post-operation handler.
     * Must verify sender is the entryPoint
     * @param mode enum with the following options:
     *      opSucceeded - user operation succeeded.
     *      opReverted  - user op reverted. still has to pay for gas.
     *      postOpReverted - user op succeeded, but caused postOp (in mode=opSucceeded) to revert.
     *                       Now this is the 2nd call, after user's op was deliberately reverted.
     * @param context - the context value returned by validatePaymasterUserOp
     * @param actualGasCost - actual gas used so far (without this postOp call).
     */
    function postOp(PostOpMode mode, bytes calldata context, uint256 actualGasCost) external;
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/utils/Exec.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.7.5 <0.9.0;

// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly

/**
 * Utility functions helpful when making different kinds of contract calls in Solidity.
 */
library Exec {

    function call(
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 txGas
    ) internal returns (bool success) {
        assembly {
            success := call(txGas, to, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
        }
    }

    function staticcall(
        address to,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 txGas
    ) internal view returns (bool success) {
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(txGas, to, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
        }
    }

    function delegateCall(
        address to,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 txGas
    ) internal returns (bool success) {
        assembly {
            success := delegatecall(txGas, to, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
        }
    }

    // get returned data from last call or calldelegate
    function getReturnData(uint256 maxLen) internal pure returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        assembly {
            let len := returndatasize()
            if gt(len, maxLen) {
                len := maxLen
            }
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(len, 0x20)))
            mstore(ptr, len)
            returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, len)
            returnData := ptr
        }
    }

    // revert with explicit byte array (probably reverted info from call)
    function revertWithData(bytes memory returnData) internal pure {
        assembly {
            revert(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData))
        }
    }

    function callAndRevert(address to, bytes memory data, uint256 maxLen) internal {
        bool success = call(to,0,data,gasleft());
        if (!success) {
            revertWithData(getReturnData(maxLen));
        }
    }
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/core/StakeManager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import "../interfaces/IStakeManager.sol";

/* solhint-disable avoid-low-level-calls */
/* solhint-disable not-rely-on-time */
/**
 * manage deposits and stakes.
 * deposit is just a balance used to pay for UserOperations (either by a paymaster or an account)
 * stake is value locked for at least "unstakeDelay" by a paymaster.
 */
abstract contract StakeManager is IStakeManager {

    /// maps paymaster to their deposits and stakes
    mapping(address => DepositInfo) public deposits;

    /// @inheritdoc IStakeManager
    function getDepositInfo(address account) public view returns (DepositInfo memory info) {
        return deposits[account];
    }

    // internal method to return just the stake info
    function _getStakeInfo(address addr) internal view returns (StakeInfo memory info) {
        DepositInfo storage depositInfo = deposits[addr];
        info.stake = depositInfo.stake;
        info.unstakeDelaySec = depositInfo.unstakeDelaySec;
    }

    /// return the deposit (for gas payment) of the account
    function balanceOf(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return deposits[account].deposit;
    }

    receive() external payable {
        depositTo(msg.sender);
    }

    function _incrementDeposit(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[account];
        uint256 newAmount = info.deposit + amount;
        require(newAmount <= type(uint112).max, "deposit overflow");
        info.deposit = uint112(newAmount);
    }

    /**
     * add to the deposit of the given account
     */
    function depositTo(address account) public payable {
        _incrementDeposit(account, msg.value);
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[account];
        emit Deposited(account, info.deposit);
    }

    /**
     * add to the account's stake - amount and delay
     * any pending unstake is first cancelled.
     * @param unstakeDelaySec the new lock duration before the deposit can be withdrawn.
     */
    function addStake(uint32 unstakeDelaySec) public payable {
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[msg.sender];
        require(unstakeDelaySec > 0, "must specify unstake delay");
        require(unstakeDelaySec >= info.unstakeDelaySec, "cannot decrease unstake time");
        uint256 stake = info.stake + msg.value;
        require(stake > 0, "no stake specified");
        require(stake <= type(uint112).max, "stake overflow");
        deposits[msg.sender] = DepositInfo(
            info.deposit,
            true,
            uint112(stake),
            unstakeDelaySec,
            0
        );
        emit StakeLocked(msg.sender, stake, unstakeDelaySec);
    }

    /**
     * attempt to unlock the stake.
     * the value can be withdrawn (using withdrawStake) after the unstake delay.
     */
    function unlockStake() external {
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[msg.sender];
        require(info.unstakeDelaySec != 0, "not staked");
        require(info.staked, "already unstaking");
        uint48 withdrawTime = uint48(block.timestamp) + info.unstakeDelaySec;
        info.withdrawTime = withdrawTime;
        info.staked = false;
        emit StakeUnlocked(msg.sender, withdrawTime);
    }


    /**
     * withdraw from the (unlocked) stake.
     * must first call unlockStake and wait for the unstakeDelay to pass
     * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
     */
    function withdrawStake(address payable withdrawAddress) external {
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[msg.sender];
        uint256 stake = info.stake;
        require(stake > 0, "No stake to withdraw");
        require(info.withdrawTime > 0, "must call unlockStake() first");
        require(info.withdrawTime <= block.timestamp, "Stake withdrawal is not due");
        info.unstakeDelaySec = 0;
        info.withdrawTime = 0;
        info.stake = 0;
        emit StakeWithdrawn(msg.sender, withdrawAddress, stake);
        (bool success,) = withdrawAddress.call{value : stake}("");
        require(success, "failed to withdraw stake");
    }

    /**
     * withdraw from the deposit.
     * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
     * @param withdrawAmount the amount to withdraw.
     */
    function withdrawTo(address payable withdrawAddress, uint256 withdrawAmount) external {
        DepositInfo storage info = deposits[msg.sender];
        require(withdrawAmount <= info.deposit, "Withdraw amount too large");
        info.deposit = uint112(info.deposit - withdrawAmount);
        emit Withdrawn(msg.sender, withdrawAddress, withdrawAmount);
        (bool success,) = withdrawAddress.call{value : withdrawAmount}("");
        require(success, "failed to withdraw");
    }
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/core/SenderCreator.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

/**
 * helper contract for EntryPoint, to call userOp.initCode from a "neutral" address,
 * which is explicitly not the entryPoint itself.
 */
contract SenderCreator {

    /**
     * call the "initCode" factory to create and return the sender account address
     * @param initCode the initCode value from a UserOp. contains 20 bytes of factory address, followed by calldata
     * @return sender the returned address of the created account, or zero address on failure.
     */
    function createSender(bytes calldata initCode) external returns (address sender) {
        address factory = address(bytes20(initCode[0 : 20]));
        bytes memory initCallData = initCode[20 :];
        bool success;
        /* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */
        assembly {
            success := call(gas(), factory, 0, add(initCallData, 0x20), mload(initCallData), 0, 32)
            sender := mload(0)
        }
        if (!success) {
            sender = address(0);
        }
    }
}

// File: lib/account-abstraction/contracts/core/NonceManager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import "../interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";

/**
 * nonce management functionality
 */
contract NonceManager is INonceManager {

    /**
     * The next valid sequence number for a given nonce key.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(uint192 => uint256)) public nonceSequenceNumber;

    function getNonce(address sender, uint192 key)
    public view override returns (uint256 nonce) {
        return nonceSequenceNumber[sender][key] | (uint256(key) << 64);
    }

    // allow an account to manually increment its own nonce.
    // (mainly so that during construction nonce can be made non-zero,
    // to "absorb" the gas cost of first nonce increment to 1st transaction (construction),
    // not to 2nd transaction)
    function incrementNonce(uint192 key) public override {
        nonceSequenceNumber[msg.sender][key]++;
    }

    /**
     * validate nonce uniqueness for this account.
     * called just after validateUserOp()
     */
    function _validateAndUpdateNonce(address sender, uint256 nonce) internal returns (bool) {

        uint192 key = uint192(nonce >> 64);
        uint64 seq = uint64(nonce);
        return nonceSequenceNumber[sender][key]++ == seq;
    }

}

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}

// File: lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}