pragma solidity 0.5.8;

/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @dev Gives the possibility to delegate any call to a foreign implementation.
 */
contract Proxy {
    /**
    * @dev Tells the address of the implementation where every call will be delegated.
    * @return address of the implementation to which it will be delegated
    */
    function _implementation() internal view returns(address);

    /**
    * @dev Fallback function.
    * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`.
    */
    function _fallback() internal {
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
    * @dev Fallback function allowing to perform a delegatecall to the given implementation.
    * This function will return whatever the implementation call returns
    */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal {
        /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly*/
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize)
            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas, implementation, 0, calldatasize, 0, 0)
            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize)
            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize) }
            default { return(0, returndatasize) }
        }
    }

    function() external payable {
        _fallback();
    }
}

/**
 * Utility library of inline functions on addresses
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * Returns whether the target address is a contract
     * @dev This function will return false if invoked during the constructor of a contract,
     * as the code is not actually created until after the constructor finishes.
     * @param account address of the account to check
     * @return whether the target address is a contract
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 size;
        // XXX Currently there is no better way to check if there is a contract in an address
        // than to check the size of the code at that address.
        // See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/14016/36603
        // for more details about how this works.
        // TODO Check this again before the Serenity release, because all addresses will be
        // contracts then.
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }
}

/**
 * @title UpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev This contract represents a proxy where the implementation address to which it will delegate can be upgraded
 */
contract UpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy {
    // Version name of the current implementation
    string internal __version;

    // Address of the current implementation
    address internal __implementation;

    /**
    * @dev This event will be emitted every time the implementation gets upgraded
    * @param _newVersion representing the version name of the upgraded implementation
    * @param _newImplementation representing the address of the upgraded implementation
    */
    event Upgraded(string _newVersion, address indexed _newImplementation);

    /**
    * @dev Upgrades the implementation address
    * @param _newVersion representing the version name of the new implementation to be set
    * @param _newImplementation representing the address of the new implementation to be set
    */
    function _upgradeTo(string memory _newVersion, address _newImplementation) internal {
        require(
            __implementation != _newImplementation && _newImplementation != address(0),
            "Old address is not allowed and implementation address should not be 0x"
        );
        require(Address.isContract(_newImplementation), "Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address");
        require(bytes(_newVersion).length > 0, "Version should not be empty string");
        require(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(__version)) != keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_newVersion)), "New version equals to current");
        __version = _newVersion;
        __implementation = _newImplementation;
        emit Upgraded(_newVersion, _newImplementation);
    }

}

/**
 * @title OwnedUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev This contract combines an upgradeability proxy with basic authorization control functionalities
 */
contract OwnedUpgradeabilityProxy is UpgradeabilityProxy {
    // Owner of the contract
    address private __upgradeabilityOwner;

    /**
    * @dev Event to show ownership has been transferred
    * @param _previousOwner representing the address of the previous owner
    * @param _newOwner representing the address of the new owner
    */
    event ProxyOwnershipTransferred(address _previousOwner, address _newOwner);

    /**
    * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
    */
    modifier ifOwner() {
        if (msg.sender == _upgradeabilityOwner()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }

    /**
    * @dev the constructor sets the original owner of the contract to the sender account.
    */
    constructor() public {
        _setUpgradeabilityOwner(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Tells the address of the owner
    * @return the address of the owner
    */
    function _upgradeabilityOwner() internal view returns(address) {
        return __upgradeabilityOwner;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Sets the address of the owner
    */
    function _setUpgradeabilityOwner(address _newUpgradeabilityOwner) internal {
        require(_newUpgradeabilityOwner != address(0), "Address should not be 0x");
        __upgradeabilityOwner = _newUpgradeabilityOwner;
    }

    /**
    * @notice Internal function to provide the address of the implementation contract
    */
    function _implementation() internal view returns(address) {
        return __implementation;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Tells the address of the proxy owner
    * @return the address of the proxy owner
    */
    function proxyOwner() external ifOwner returns(address) {
        return _upgradeabilityOwner();
    }

    /**
    * @dev Tells the version name of the current implementation
    * @return string representing the name of the current version
    */
    function version() external ifOwner returns(string memory) {
        return __version;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Tells the address of the current implementation
    * @return address of the current implementation
    */
    function implementation() external ifOwner returns(address) {
        return _implementation();
    }

    /**
    * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
    * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
    */
    function transferProxyOwnership(address _newOwner) external ifOwner {
        require(_newOwner != address(0), "Address should not be 0x");
        emit ProxyOwnershipTransferred(_upgradeabilityOwner(), _newOwner);
        _setUpgradeabilityOwner(_newOwner);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Allows the upgradeability owner to upgrade the current version of the proxy.
    * @param _newVersion representing the version name of the new implementation to be set.
    * @param _newImplementation representing the address of the new implementation to be set.
    */
    function upgradeTo(string calldata _newVersion, address _newImplementation) external ifOwner {
        _upgradeTo(_newVersion, _newImplementation);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Allows the upgradeability owner to upgrade the current version of the proxy and call the new implementation
    * to initialize whatever is needed through a low level call.
    * @param _newVersion representing the version name of the new implementation to be set.
    * @param _newImplementation representing the address of the new implementation to be set.
    * @param _data represents the msg.data to bet sent in the low level call. This parameter may include the function
    * signature of the implementation to be called with the needed payload
    */
    function upgradeToAndCall(string calldata _newVersion, address _newImplementation, bytes calldata _data) external payable ifOwner {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_newVersion, _newImplementation, _data);
    }

    function _upgradeToAndCall(string memory _newVersion, address _newImplementation, bytes memory _data) internal {
        _upgradeTo(_newVersion, _newImplementation);
        bool success;
        /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-call-value*/
        (success, ) = address(this).call.value(msg.value)(_data);
        require(success, "Fail in executing the function of implementation contract");
    }

}

/**
 * @title Storage layout for VolumeRestrictionTM
 */
contract VolumeRestrictionTMStorage {

    enum RestrictionType { Fixed, Percentage }

    enum TypeOfPeriod { MultipleDays, OneDay, Both }

    // Store the type of restriction corresponds to token holder address
    mapping(address => TypeOfPeriod) holderToRestrictionType;

    struct VolumeRestriction {
        // If typeOfRestriction is `Percentage` then allowedTokens will be in
        // the % (w.r.t to totalSupply) with a multiplier of 10**16 . else it
        // will be fixed amount of tokens
        uint256 allowedTokens;
        uint256 startTime;
        uint256 rollingPeriodInDays;
        uint256 endTime;
        RestrictionType typeOfRestriction;
    }

    struct IndividualRestrictions {
        // Restriction stored corresponds to a particular token holder
        mapping(address => VolumeRestriction) individualRestriction;
        // Daily restriction stored corresponds to a particular token holder
        mapping(address => VolumeRestriction) individualDailyRestriction;
    }

    // Individual and daily restrictions for investors
    IndividualRestrictions individualRestrictions;

    struct GlobalRestrictions {
      // Global restriction that applies to all token holders
      VolumeRestriction defaultRestriction;
      // Daily global restriction that applies to all token holders (Total ST traded daily is restricted)
      VolumeRestriction defaultDailyRestriction;
    }

    // Individual and daily restrictions for investors
    GlobalRestrictions globalRestrictions;

    struct BucketDetails {
        uint256 lastTradedDayTime;
        uint256 sumOfLastPeriod;   // It is the sum of transacted amount within the last rollingPeriodDays
        uint256 daysCovered;    // No of days covered till (from the startTime of VolumeRestriction)
        uint256 dailyLastTradedDayTime;
        uint256 lastTradedTimestamp; // It is the timestamp at which last transaction get executed
    }

    struct BucketData {
        // Storing _from => day's timestamp => total amount transact in a day --individual
        mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) bucket;
        // Storing _from => day's timestamp => total amount transact in a day --individual
        mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) defaultBucket;
        // Storing the information that used to validate the transaction
        mapping(address => BucketDetails) userToBucket;
        // Storing the information related to default restriction
        mapping(address => BucketDetails) defaultUserToBucket;
    }

    BucketData bucketData;

    // Hold exempt index
    struct Exemptions {
        mapping(address => uint256) exemptIndex;
        address[] exemptAddresses;
    }

    Exemptions exemptions;

}

/**
 * @title Utility contract to allow pausing and unpausing of certain functions
 */
contract Pausable {
    event Pause(address account);
    event Unpause(address account);

    bool public paused = false;

    /**
    * @notice Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
    */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused, "Contract is paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
    * @notice Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
    */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused, "Contract is not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
    * @notice Called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
    */
    function _pause() internal whenNotPaused {
        paused = true;
        /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members*/
        emit Pause(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
    * @notice Called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
    */
    function _unpause() internal whenPaused {
        paused = false;
        /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members*/
        emit Unpause(msg.sender);
    }

}

/**
 * @title ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20
 */
interface IERC20 {
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    function balanceOf(address who) external view returns (uint256);

    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

/**
 * @title Interface for all security tokens
 */
interface ISecurityToken {
    // Standard ERC20 interface
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
    function name() external view returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external view returns(uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns(uint256);
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns(uint256);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns(uint256);
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns(bool);
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns(bool);
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns(bool);
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) external returns (bool);
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) external returns (bool);
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @notice Transfers of securities may fail for a number of reasons. So this function will used to understand the
     * cause of failure by getting the byte value. Which will be the ESC that follows the EIP 1066. ESC can be mapped
     * with a reson string to understand the failure cause, table of Ethereum status code will always reside off-chain
     * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
     * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
     * @param _data The `bytes _data` allows arbitrary data to be submitted alongside the transfer.
     * @return byte Ethereum status code (ESC)
     * @return bytes32 Application specific reason code
     */
    function canTransfer(address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external view returns (byte statusCode, bytes32 reasonCode);

    // Emit at the time when module get added
    event ModuleAdded(
        uint8[] _types,
        bytes32 indexed _name,
        address indexed _moduleFactory,
        address _module,
        uint256 _moduleCost,
        uint256 _budget,
        bytes32 _label,
        bool _archived
    );

    // Emit when the token details get updated
    event UpdateTokenDetails(string _oldDetails, string _newDetails);
    // Emit when the token name get updated
    event UpdateTokenName(string _oldName, string _newName);
    // Emit when the granularity get changed
    event GranularityChanged(uint256 _oldGranularity, uint256 _newGranularity);
    // Emit when is permanently frozen by the issuer
    event FreezeIssuance();
    // Emit when transfers are frozen or unfrozen
    event FreezeTransfers(bool _status);
    // Emit when new checkpoint created
    event CheckpointCreated(uint256 indexed _checkpointId, uint256 _investorLength);
    // Events to log controller actions
    event SetController(address indexed _oldController, address indexed _newController);
    //Event emit when the global treasury wallet address get changed
    event TreasuryWalletChanged(address _oldTreasuryWallet, address _newTreasuryWallet);
    event DisableController();
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    event TokenUpgraded(uint8 _major, uint8 _minor, uint8 _patch);

    // Emit when Module get archived from the securityToken
    event ModuleArchived(uint8[] _types, address _module); //Event emitted by the tokenLib.
    // Emit when Module get unarchived from the securityToken
    event ModuleUnarchived(uint8[] _types, address _module); //Event emitted by the tokenLib.
    // Emit when Module get removed from the securityToken
    event ModuleRemoved(uint8[] _types, address _module); //Event emitted by the tokenLib.
    // Emit when the budget allocated to a module is changed
    event ModuleBudgetChanged(uint8[] _moduleTypes, address _module, uint256 _oldBudget, uint256 _budget); //Event emitted by the tokenLib.

    // Transfer Events
    event TransferByPartition(
        bytes32 indexed _fromPartition,
        address _operator,
        address indexed _from,
        address indexed _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes _data,
        bytes _operatorData
    );

    // Operator Events
    event AuthorizedOperator(address indexed operator, address indexed tokenHolder);
    event RevokedOperator(address indexed operator, address indexed tokenHolder);
    event AuthorizedOperatorByPartition(bytes32 indexed partition, address indexed operator, address indexed tokenHolder);
    event RevokedOperatorByPartition(bytes32 indexed partition, address indexed operator, address indexed tokenHolder);

    // Issuance / Redemption Events
    event IssuedByPartition(bytes32 indexed partition, address indexed to, uint256 value, bytes data);
    event RedeemedByPartition(bytes32 indexed partition, address indexed operator, address indexed from, uint256 value, bytes data, bytes operatorData);

    // Document Events
    event DocumentRemoved(bytes32 indexed _name, string _uri, bytes32 _documentHash);
    event DocumentUpdated(bytes32 indexed _name, string _uri, bytes32 _documentHash);

    // Controller Events
    event ControllerTransfer(
        address _controller,
        address indexed _from,
        address indexed _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes _data,
        bytes _operatorData
    );

    event ControllerRedemption(
        address _controller,
        address indexed _tokenHolder,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes _data,
        bytes _operatorData
    );

    // Issuance / Redemption Events
    event Issued(address indexed _operator, address indexed _to, uint256 _value, bytes _data);
    event Redeemed(address indexed _operator, address indexed _from, uint256 _value, bytes _data);

    /**
     * @notice Initialization function
     * @dev Expected to be called atomically with the proxy being created, by the owner of the token
     * @dev Can only be called once
     */
    function initialize(address _getterDelegate) external;

    /**
     * @notice The standard provides an on-chain function to determine whether a transfer will succeed,
     * and return details indicating the reason if the transfer is not valid.
     * @param _from The address from whom the tokens get transferred.
     * @param _to The address to which to transfer tokens to.
     * @param _partition The partition from which to transfer tokens
     * @param _value The amount of tokens to transfer from `_partition`
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the transfer of tokens
     * @return ESC (Ethereum Status Code) following the EIP-1066 standard
     * @return Application specific reason codes with additional details
     * @return The partition to which the transferred tokens were allocated for the _to address
     */
    function canTransferByPartition(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        bytes32 _partition,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes calldata _data
    )
        external
        view
        returns (byte statusCode, bytes32 reasonCode, bytes32 partition);

    /**
     * @notice Transfers of securities may fail for a number of reasons. So this function will used to understand the
     * cause of failure by getting the byte value. Which will be the ESC that follows the EIP 1066. ESC can be mapped
     * with a reson string to understand the failure cause, table of Ethereum status code will always reside off-chain
     * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
     * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
     * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
     * @param _data The `bytes _data` allows arbitrary data to be submitted alongside the transfer.
     * @return byte Ethereum status code (ESC)
     * @return bytes32 Application specific reason code
     */
    function canTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external view returns (byte statusCode, bytes32 reasonCode);

    /**
     * @notice Used to attach a new document to the contract, or update the URI or hash of an existing attached document
     * @dev Can only be executed by the owner of the contract.
     * @param _name Name of the document. It should be unique always
     * @param _uri Off-chain uri of the document from where it is accessible to investors/advisors to read.
     * @param _documentHash hash (of the contents) of the document.
     */
    function setDocument(bytes32 _name, string calldata _uri, bytes32 _documentHash) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used to remove an existing document from the contract by giving the name of the document.
     * @dev Can only be executed by the owner of the contract.
     * @param _name Name of the document. It should be unique always
     */
    function removeDocument(bytes32 _name) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used to return the details of a document with a known name (`bytes32`).
     * @param _name Name of the document
     * @return string The URI associated with the document.
     * @return bytes32 The hash (of the contents) of the document.
     * @return uint256 the timestamp at which the document was last modified.
     */
    function getDocument(bytes32 _name) external view returns (string memory documentUri, bytes32 documentHash, uint256 documentTime);

    /**
     * @notice Used to retrieve a full list of documents attached to the smart contract.
     * @return bytes32 List of all documents names present in the contract.
     */
    function getAllDocuments() external view returns (bytes32[] memory documentNames);

    /**
     * @notice In order to provide transparency over whether `controllerTransfer` / `controllerRedeem` are useable
     * or not `isControllable` function will be used.
     * @dev If `isControllable` returns `false` then it always return `false` and
     * `controllerTransfer` / `controllerRedeem` will always revert.
     * @return bool `true` when controller address is non-zero otherwise return `false`.
     */
    function isControllable() external view returns (bool controlled);

    /**
     * @notice Checks if an address is a module of certain type
     * @param _module Address to check
     * @param _type type to check against
     */
    function isModule(address _module, uint8 _type) external view returns(bool isValid);

    /**
     * @notice This function must be called to increase the total supply (Corresponds to mint function of ERC20).
     * @dev It only be called by the token issuer or the operator defined by the issuer. ERC1594 doesn't have
     * have the any logic related to operator but its superset ERC1400 have the operator logic and this function
     * is allowed to call by the operator.
     * @param _tokenHolder The account that will receive the created tokens (account should be whitelisted or KYCed).
     * @param _value The amount of tokens need to be issued
     * @param _data The `bytes _data` allows arbitrary data to be submitted alongside the transfer.
     */
    function issue(address _tokenHolder, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice issue new tokens and assigns them to the target _tokenHolder.
     * @dev Can only be called by the issuer or STO attached to the token.
     * @param _tokenHolders A list of addresses to whom the minted tokens will be dilivered
     * @param _values A list of number of tokens get minted and transfer to corresponding address of the investor from _tokenHolders[] list
     * @return success
     */
    function issueMulti(address[] calldata _tokenHolders, uint256[] calldata _values) external;

    /**
     * @notice Increases totalSupply and the corresponding amount of the specified owners partition
     * @param _partition The partition to allocate the increase in balance
     * @param _tokenHolder The token holder whose balance should be increased
     * @param _value The amount by which to increase the balance
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the minting of tokens
     */
    function issueByPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _tokenHolder, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice Decreases totalSupply and the corresponding amount of the specified partition of msg.sender
     * @param _partition The partition to allocate the decrease in balance
     * @param _value The amount by which to decrease the balance
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the burning of tokens
     */
    function redeemByPartition(bytes32 _partition, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice This function redeem an amount of the token of a msg.sender. For doing so msg.sender may incentivize
     * using different ways that could be implemented with in the `redeem` function definition. But those implementations
     * are out of the scope of the ERC1594.
     * @param _value The amount of tokens need to be redeemed
     * @param _data The `bytes _data` it can be used in the token contract to authenticate the redemption.
     */
    function redeem(uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice This function redeem an amount of the token of a msg.sender. For doing so msg.sender may incentivize
     * using different ways that could be implemented with in the `redeem` function definition. But those implementations
     * are out of the scope of the ERC1594.
     * @dev It is analogy to `transferFrom`
     * @param _tokenHolder The account whose tokens gets redeemed.
     * @param _value The amount of tokens need to be redeemed
     * @param _data The `bytes _data` it can be used in the token contract to authenticate the redemption.
     */
    function redeemFrom(address _tokenHolder, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice Decreases totalSupply and the corresponding amount of the specified partition of tokenHolder
     * @dev This function can only be called by the authorised operator.
     * @param _partition The partition to allocate the decrease in balance.
     * @param _tokenHolder The token holder whose balance should be decreased
     * @param _value The amount by which to decrease the balance
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the burning of tokens
     * @param _operatorData Additional data attached to the transfer of tokens by the operator
     */
    function operatorRedeemByPartition(
        bytes32 _partition,
        address _tokenHolder,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes calldata _data,
        bytes calldata _operatorData
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice Validate permissions with PermissionManager if it exists, If no Permission return false
     * @dev Note that IModule withPerm will allow ST owner all permissions anyway
     * @dev this allows individual modules to override this logic if needed (to not allow ST owner all permissions)
     * @param _delegate address of delegate
     * @param _module address of PermissionManager module
     * @param _perm the permissions
     * @return success
     */
    function checkPermission(address _delegate, address _module, bytes32 _perm) external view returns(bool hasPermission);

    /**
     * @notice Returns module list for a module type
     * @param _module Address of the module
     * @return bytes32 Name
     * @return address Module address
     * @return address Module factory address
     * @return bool Module archived
     * @return uint8 Array of module types
     * @return bytes32 Module label
     */
    function getModule(address _module) external view returns (bytes32 moduleName, address moduleAddress, address factoryAddress, bool isArchived, uint8[] memory moduleTypes, bytes32 moduleLabel);

    /**
     * @notice Returns module list for a module name
     * @param _name Name of the module
     * @return address[] List of modules with this name
     */
    function getModulesByName(bytes32 _name) external view returns(address[] memory modules);

    /**
     * @notice Returns module list for a module type
     * @param _type Type of the module
     * @return address[] List of modules with this type
     */
    function getModulesByType(uint8 _type) external view returns(address[] memory modules);

    /**
     * @notice use to return the global treasury wallet
     */
    function getTreasuryWallet() external view returns(address treasuryWallet);

    /**
     * @notice Queries totalSupply at a specified checkpoint
     * @param _checkpointId Checkpoint ID to query as of
     */
    function totalSupplyAt(uint256 _checkpointId) external view returns(uint256 supply);

    /**
     * @notice Queries balance at a specified checkpoint
     * @param _investor Investor to query balance for
     * @param _checkpointId Checkpoint ID to query as of
     */
    function balanceOfAt(address _investor, uint256 _checkpointId) external view returns(uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @notice Creates a checkpoint that can be used to query historical balances / totalSuppy
     */
    function createCheckpoint() external returns(uint256 checkpointId);

    /**
     * @notice Gets list of times that checkpoints were created
     * @return List of checkpoint times
     */
    function getCheckpointTimes() external view returns(uint256[] memory checkpointTimes);

    /**
     * @notice returns an array of investors
     * NB - this length may differ from investorCount as it contains all investors that ever held tokens
     * @return list of addresses
     */
    function getInvestors() external view returns(address[] memory investors);

    /**
     * @notice returns an array of investors at a given checkpoint
     * NB - this length may differ from investorCount as it contains all investors that ever held tokens
     * @param _checkpointId Checkpoint id at which investor list is to be populated
     * @return list of investors
     */
    function getInvestorsAt(uint256 _checkpointId) external view returns(address[] memory investors);

    /**
     * @notice returns an array of investors with non zero balance at a given checkpoint
     * @param _checkpointId Checkpoint id at which investor list is to be populated
     * @param _start Position of investor to start iteration from
     * @param _end Position of investor to stop iteration at
     * @return list of investors
     */
    function getInvestorsSubsetAt(uint256 _checkpointId, uint256 _start, uint256 _end) external view returns(address[] memory investors);

    /**
     * @notice generates subset of investors
     * NB - can be used in batches if investor list is large
     * @param _start Position of investor to start iteration from
     * @param _end Position of investor to stop iteration at
     * @return list of investors
     */
    function iterateInvestors(uint256 _start, uint256 _end) external view returns(address[] memory investors);

    /**
     * @notice Gets current checkpoint ID
     * @return Id
     */
    function currentCheckpointId() external view returns(uint256 checkpointId);

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether `_operator` is an operator for all partitions of `_tokenHolder`
     * @param _operator The operator to check
     * @param _tokenHolder The token holder to check
     * @return Whether the `_operator` is an operator for all partitions of `_tokenHolder`
     */
    function isOperator(address _operator, address _tokenHolder) external view returns (bool isValid);

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether `_operator` is an operator for a specified partition of `_tokenHolder`
     * @param _partition The partition to check
     * @param _operator The operator to check
     * @param _tokenHolder The token holder to check
     * @return Whether the `_operator` is an operator for a specified partition of `_tokenHolder`
     */
    function isOperatorForPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _operator, address _tokenHolder) external view returns (bool isValid);

    /**
     * @notice Return all partitions
     * @param _tokenHolder Whom balance need to queried
     * @return List of partitions
     */
    function partitionsOf(address _tokenHolder) external view returns (bytes32[] memory partitions);

    /**
     * @notice Gets data store address
     * @return data store address
     */
    function dataStore() external view returns (address dataStoreAddress);

    /**
    * @notice Allows owner to change data store
    * @param _dataStore Address of the token data store
    */
    function changeDataStore(address _dataStore) external;


    /**
     * @notice Allows to change the treasury wallet address
     * @param _wallet Ethereum address of the treasury wallet
     */
    function changeTreasuryWallet(address _wallet) external;

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner to withdraw unspent POLY stored by them on the ST or any ERC20 token.
     * @dev Owner can transfer POLY to the ST which will be used to pay for modules that require a POLY fee.
     * @param _tokenContract Address of the ERC20Basic compliance token
     * @param _value Amount of POLY to withdraw
     */
    function withdrawERC20(address _tokenContract, uint256 _value) external;

    /**
    * @notice Allows owner to increase/decrease POLY approval of one of the modules
    * @param _module Module address
    * @param _change Change in allowance
    * @param _increase True if budget has to be increased, false if decrease
    */
    function changeModuleBudget(address _module, uint256 _change, bool _increase) external;

    /**
     * @notice Changes the tokenDetails
     * @param _newTokenDetails New token details
     */
    function updateTokenDetails(string calldata _newTokenDetails) external;

    /**
    * @notice Allows owner to change token name
    * @param _name new name of the token
    */
    function changeName(string calldata _name) external;

    /**
    * @notice Allows the owner to change token granularity
    * @param _granularity Granularity level of the token
    */
    function changeGranularity(uint256 _granularity) external;

    /**
     * @notice Freezes all the transfers
     */
    function freezeTransfers() external;

    /**
     * @notice Un-freezes all the transfers
     */
    function unfreezeTransfers() external;

    /**
     * @notice Permanently freeze issuance of this security token.
     * @dev It MUST NOT be possible to increase `totalSuppy` after this function is called.
     */
    function freezeIssuance(bytes calldata _signature) external;

    /**
      * @notice Attachs a module to the SecurityToken
      * @dev  E.G.: On deployment (through the STR) ST gets a TransferManager module attached to it
      * @dev to control restrictions on transfers.
      * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be added
      * @param _data is data packed into bytes used to further configure the module (See STO usage)
      * @param _maxCost max amount of POLY willing to pay to the module.
      * @param _budget max amount of ongoing POLY willing to assign to the module.
      * @param _label custom module label.
      * @param _archived whether to add the module as an archived module
      */
    function addModuleWithLabel(
        address _moduleFactory,
        bytes calldata _data,
        uint256 _maxCost,
        uint256 _budget,
        bytes32 _label,
        bool _archived
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice Function used to attach a module to the security token
     * @dev  E.G.: On deployment (through the STR) ST gets a TransferManager module attached to it
     * @dev to control restrictions on transfers.
     * @dev You are allowed to add a new moduleType if:
     * @dev - there is no existing module of that type yet added
     * @dev - the last member of the module list is replacable
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be added
     * @param _data is data packed into bytes used to further configure the module (See STO usage)
     * @param _maxCost max amount of POLY willing to pay to module. (WIP)
     * @param _budget max amount of ongoing POLY willing to assign to the module.
     * @param _archived whether to add the module as an archived module
     */
    function addModule(address _moduleFactory, bytes calldata _data, uint256 _maxCost, uint256 _budget, bool _archived) external;

    /**
    * @notice Archives a module attached to the SecurityToken
    * @param _module address of module to archive
    */
    function archiveModule(address _module) external;

    /**
    * @notice Unarchives a module attached to the SecurityToken
    * @param _module address of module to unarchive
    */
    function unarchiveModule(address _module) external;

    /**
    * @notice Removes a module attached to the SecurityToken
    * @param _module address of module to archive
    */
    function removeModule(address _module) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used by the issuer to set the controller addresses
     * @param _controller address of the controller
     */
    function setController(address _controller) external;

    /**
     * @notice This function allows an authorised address to transfer tokens between any two token holders.
     * The transfer must still respect the balances of the token holders (so the transfer must be for at most
     * `balanceOf(_from)` tokens) and potentially also need to respect other transfer restrictions.
     * @dev This function can only be executed by the `controller` address.
     * @param _from Address The address which you want to send tokens from
     * @param _to Address The address which you want to transfer to
     * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
     * @param _data data to validate the transfer. (It is not used in this reference implementation
     * because use of `_data` parameter is implementation specific).
     * @param _operatorData data attached to the transfer by controller to emit in event. (It is more like a reason string
     * for calling this function (aka force transfer) which provides the transparency on-chain).
     */
    function controllerTransfer(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data, bytes calldata _operatorData) external;

    /**
     * @notice This function allows an authorised address to redeem tokens for any token holder.
     * The redemption must still respect the balances of the token holder (so the redemption must be for at most
     * `balanceOf(_tokenHolder)` tokens) and potentially also need to respect other transfer restrictions.
     * @dev This function can only be executed by the `controller` address.
     * @param _tokenHolder The account whose tokens will be redeemed.
     * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens need to be redeemed.
     * @param _data data to validate the transfer. (It is not used in this reference implementation
     * because use of `_data` parameter is implementation specific).
     * @param _operatorData data attached to the transfer by controller to emit in event. (It is more like a reason string
     * for calling this function (aka force transfer) which provides the transparency on-chain).
     */
    function controllerRedeem(address _tokenHolder, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data, bytes calldata _operatorData) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used by the issuer to permanently disable controller functionality
     * @dev enabled via feature switch "disableControllerAllowed"
     */
    function disableController(bytes calldata _signature) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used to get the version of the securityToken
     */
    function getVersion() external view returns(uint8[] memory version);

    /**
     * @notice Gets the investor count
     */
    function getInvestorCount() external view returns(uint256 investorCount);

    /**
     * @notice Gets the holder count (investors with non zero balance)
     */
    function holderCount() external view returns(uint256 count);

    /**
      * @notice Overloaded version of the transfer function
      * @param _to receiver of transfer
      * @param _value value of transfer
      * @param _data data to indicate validation
      * @return bool success
      */
    function transferWithData(address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
      * @notice Overloaded version of the transferFrom function
      * @param _from sender of transfer
      * @param _to receiver of transfer
      * @param _value value of transfer
      * @param _data data to indicate validation
      * @return bool success
      */
    function transferFromWithData(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external;

    /**
     * @notice Transfers the ownership of tokens from a specified partition from one address to another address
     * @param _partition The partition from which to transfer tokens
     * @param _to The address to which to transfer tokens to
     * @param _value The amount of tokens to transfer from `_partition`
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the transfer of tokens
     * @return The partition to which the transferred tokens were allocated for the _to address
     */
    function transferByPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes calldata _data) external returns (bytes32 partition);

    /**
     * @notice Get the balance according to the provided partitions
     * @param _partition Partition which differentiate the tokens.
     * @param _tokenHolder Whom balance need to queried
     * @return Amount of tokens as per the given partitions
     */
    function balanceOfByPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _tokenHolder) external view returns(uint256 balance);

    /**
      * @notice Provides the granularity of the token
      * @return uint256
      */
    function granularity() external view returns(uint256 granularityAmount);

    /**
      * @notice Provides the address of the polymathRegistry
      * @return address
      */
    function polymathRegistry() external view returns(address registryAddress);

    /**
    * @notice Upgrades a module attached to the SecurityToken
    * @param _module address of module to archive
    */
    function upgradeModule(address _module) external;

    /**
    * @notice Upgrades security token
    */
    function upgradeToken() external;

    /**
     * @notice A security token issuer can specify that issuance has finished for the token
     * (i.e. no new tokens can be minted or issued).
     * @dev If a token returns FALSE for `isIssuable()` then it MUST always return FALSE in the future.
     * If a token returns FALSE for `isIssuable()` then it MUST never allow additional tokens to be issued.
     * @return bool `true` signifies the minting is allowed. While `false` denotes the end of minting
     */
    function isIssuable() external view returns (bool issuable);

    /**
     * @notice Authorises an operator for all partitions of `msg.sender`.
     * NB - Allowing investors to authorize an investor to be an operator of all partitions
     * but it doesn't mean we operator is allowed to transfer the LOCKED partition values.
     * Logic for this restriction is written in `operatorTransferByPartition()` function.
     * @param _operator An address which is being authorised.
     */
    function authorizeOperator(address _operator) external;

    /**
     * @notice Revokes authorisation of an operator previously given for all partitions of `msg.sender`.
     * NB - Allowing investors to authorize an investor to be an operator of all partitions
     * but it doesn't mean we operator is allowed to transfer the LOCKED partition values.
     * Logic for this restriction is written in `operatorTransferByPartition()` function.
     * @param _operator An address which is being de-authorised
     */
    function revokeOperator(address _operator) external;

    /**
     * @notice Authorises an operator for a given partition of `msg.sender`
     * @param _partition The partition to which the operator is authorised
     * @param _operator An address which is being authorised
     */
    function authorizeOperatorByPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _operator) external;

    /**
     * @notice Revokes authorisation of an operator previously given for a specified partition of `msg.sender`
     * @param _partition The partition to which the operator is de-authorised
     * @param _operator An address which is being de-authorised
     */
    function revokeOperatorByPartition(bytes32 _partition, address _operator) external;

    /**
     * @notice Transfers the ownership of tokens from a specified partition from one address to another address
     * @param _partition The partition from which to transfer tokens.
     * @param _from The address from which to transfer tokens from
     * @param _to The address to which to transfer tokens to
     * @param _value The amount of tokens to transfer from `_partition`
     * @param _data Additional data attached to the transfer of tokens
     * @param _operatorData Additional data attached to the transfer of tokens by the operator
     * @return The partition to which the transferred tokens were allocated for the _to address
     */
    function operatorTransferByPartition(
        bytes32 _partition,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes calldata _data,
        bytes calldata _operatorData
    )
        external
        returns (bytes32 partition);

    /*
    * @notice Returns if transfers are currently frozen or not
    */
    function transfersFrozen() external view returns (bool isFrozen);

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
     * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external;

    /**
     * @return true if `msg.sender` is the owner of the contract.
     */
    function isOwner() external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @return the address of the owner.
     */
    function owner() external view returns (address ownerAddress);

    function controller() external view returns(address controllerAddress);

    function moduleRegistry() external view returns(address moduleRegistryAddress);

    function securityTokenRegistry() external view returns(address securityTokenRegistryAddress);

    function polyToken() external view returns(address polyTokenAddress);

    function tokenFactory() external view returns(address tokenFactoryAddress);

    function getterDelegate() external view returns(address delegate);

    function controllerDisabled() external view returns(bool isDisabled);

    function initialized() external view returns(bool isInitialized);

    function tokenDetails() external view returns(string memory details);

    function updateFromRegistry() external;

}

/**
 * @title Storage for Module contract
 * @notice Contract is abstract
 */
contract ModuleStorage {
    address public factory;

    ISecurityToken public securityToken;

    // Permission flag
    bytes32 public constant ADMIN = "ADMIN";
    bytes32 public constant OPERATOR = "OPERATOR";

    bytes32 internal constant TREASURY = 0xaae8817359f3dcb67d050f44f3e49f982e0359d90ca4b5f18569926304aaece6; // keccak256(abi.encodePacked("TREASURY_WALLET"))

    IERC20 public polyToken;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param _securityToken Address of the security token
     * @param _polyAddress Address of the polytoken
     */
    constructor(address _securityToken, address _polyAddress) public {
        securityToken = ISecurityToken(_securityToken);
        factory = msg.sender;
        polyToken = IERC20(_polyAddress);
    }

}

/**
 * @title Transfer Manager module for core transfer validation functionality
 */
contract VolumeRestrictionTMProxy is VolumeRestrictionTMStorage, ModuleStorage, Pausable, OwnedUpgradeabilityProxy {

    /**
    * @notice Constructor
    * @param _securityToken Address of the security token
    * @param _polyAddress Address of the polytoken
    * @param _implementation representing the address of the new implementation to be set
    */
    constructor (string memory _version, address _securityToken, address _polyAddress, address _implementation)
    public
    ModuleStorage(_securityToken, _polyAddress)
    {
        require(
            _implementation != address(0),
            "Implementation address should not be 0x"
        );
        _upgradeTo(_version, _implementation);
    }

}

/**
 * @title Helper library use to compare or validate the semantic versions
 */

library VersionUtils {

    function lessThanOrEqual(uint8[] memory _current, uint8[] memory _new) internal pure returns(bool) {
        require(_current.length == 3);
        require(_new.length == 3);
        uint8 i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < _current.length; i++) {
            if (_current[i] == _new[i]) continue;
            if (_current[i] < _new[i]) return true;
            if (_current[i] > _new[i]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function greaterThanOrEqual(uint8[] memory _current, uint8[] memory _new) internal pure returns(bool) {
        require(_current.length == 3);
        require(_new.length == 3);
        uint8 i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < _current.length; i++) {
            if (_current[i] == _new[i]) continue;
            if (_current[i] > _new[i]) return true;
            if (_current[i] < _new[i]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to pack the uint8[] array data into uint24 value
     * @param _major Major version
     * @param _minor Minor version
     * @param _patch Patch version
     */
    function pack(uint8 _major, uint8 _minor, uint8 _patch) internal pure returns(uint24) {
        return (uint24(_major) << 16) | (uint24(_minor) << 8) | uint24(_patch);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert packed data into uint8 array
     * @param _packedVersion Packed data
     */
    function unpack(uint24 _packedVersion) internal pure returns(uint8[] memory) {
        uint8[] memory _unpackVersion = new uint8[](3);
        _unpackVersion[0] = uint8(_packedVersion >> 16);
        _unpackVersion[1] = uint8(_packedVersion >> 8);
        _unpackVersion[2] = uint8(_packedVersion);
        return _unpackVersion;
    }


    /**
     * @notice Used to packed the KYC data
     */
    function packKYC(uint64 _a, uint64 _b, uint64 _c, uint8 _d) internal pure returns(uint256) {
        // this function packs 3 uint64 and a uint8 together in a uint256 to save storage cost
        // a is rotated left by 136 bits, b is rotated left by 72 bits and c is rotated left by 8 bits.
        // rotation pads empty bits with zeroes so now we can safely do a bitwise OR operation to pack
        // all the variables together.
        return (uint256(_a) << 136) | (uint256(_b) << 72) | (uint256(_c) << 8) | uint256(_d);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert packed data into KYC data
     * @param _packedVersion Packed data
     */
    function unpackKYC(uint256 _packedVersion) internal pure returns(uint64 canSendAfter, uint64 canReceiveAfter, uint64 expiryTime, uint8 added) {
        canSendAfter = uint64(_packedVersion >> 136);
        canReceiveAfter = uint64(_packedVersion >> 72);
        expiryTime = uint64(_packedVersion >> 8);
        added = uint8(_packedVersion);
    }
}

/**
 * @title Utility contract for reusable code
 */
library Util {
    /**
    * @notice Changes a string to upper case
    * @param _base String to change
    */
    function upper(string memory _base) internal pure returns(string memory) {
        bytes memory _baseBytes = bytes(_base);
        for (uint i = 0; i < _baseBytes.length; i++) {
            bytes1 b1 = _baseBytes[i];
            if (b1 >= 0x61 && b1 <= 0x7A) {
                b1 = bytes1(uint8(b1) - 32);
            }
            _baseBytes[i] = b1;
        }
        return string(_baseBytes);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the string into bytes32
     * @param _source String that need to convert into bytes32
     */
    /// Notice - Maximum Length for _source will be 32 chars otherwise returned bytes32 value will have lossy value.
    function stringToBytes32(string memory _source) internal pure returns(bytes32) {
        return bytesToBytes32(bytes(_source), 0);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes bytes into bytes32
     * @param _b Bytes that need to convert into bytes32
     * @param _offset Offset from which to begin conversion
     */
    /// Notice - Maximum length for _source will be 32 chars otherwise returned bytes32 value will have lossy value.
    function bytesToBytes32(bytes memory _b, uint _offset) internal pure returns(bytes32) {
        bytes32 result;

        for (uint i = 0; i < _b.length; i++) {
            result |= bytes32(_b[_offset + i] & 0xFF) >> (i * 8);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the bytes32 into string
     * @param _source that need to convert into string
     */
    function bytes32ToString(bytes32 _source) internal pure returns(string memory) {
        bytes memory bytesString = new bytes(32);
        uint charCount = 0;
        uint j = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
            byte char = byte(bytes32(uint(_source) * 2 ** (8 * j)));
            if (char != 0) {
                bytesString[charCount] = char;
                charCount++;
            }
        }
        bytes memory bytesStringTrimmed = new bytes(charCount);
        for (j = 0; j < charCount; j++) {
            bytesStringTrimmed[j] = bytesString[j];
        }
        return string(bytesStringTrimmed);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets function signature from _data
     * @param _data Passed data
     * @return bytes4 sig
     */
    function getSig(bytes memory _data) internal pure returns(bytes4 sig) {
        uint len = _data.length < 4 ? _data.length : 4;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < len; i++) {
          sig |= bytes4(_data[i] & 0xFF) >> (i * 8);
        }
        return sig;
    }
}

/**
 * @title Interface that every module contract should implement
 */
interface IModule {
    /**
     * @notice This function returns the signature of configure function
     */
    function getInitFunction() external pure returns(bytes4 initFunction);

    /**
     * @notice Return the permission flags that are associated with a module
     */
    function getPermissions() external view returns(bytes32[] memory permissions);

}

interface IOracle {
    /**
    * @notice Returns address of oracle currency (0x0 for ETH)
    */
    function getCurrencyAddress() external view returns(address currency);

    /**
    * @notice Returns symbol of oracle currency (0x0 for ETH)
    */
    function getCurrencySymbol() external view returns(bytes32 symbol);

    /**
    * @notice Returns denomination of price
    */
    function getCurrencyDenominated() external view returns(bytes32 denominatedCurrency);

    /**
    * @notice Returns price - should throw if not valid
    */
    function getPrice() external returns(uint256 price);

}

interface IPolymathRegistry {

    event ChangeAddress(string _nameKey, address indexed _oldAddress, address indexed _newAddress);
    
    /**
     * @notice Returns the contract address
     * @param _nameKey is the key for the contract address mapping
     * @return address
     */
    function getAddress(string calldata _nameKey) external view returns(address registryAddress);

    /**
     * @notice Changes the contract address
     * @param _nameKey is the key for the contract address mapping
     * @param _newAddress is the new contract address
     */
    function changeAddress(string calldata _nameKey, address _newAddress) external;

}

/**
 * @title Interface that every module factory contract should implement
 */
interface IModuleFactory {
    event ChangeSetupCost(uint256 _oldSetupCost, uint256 _newSetupCost);
    event ChangeCostType(bool _isOldCostInPoly, bool _isNewCostInPoly);
    event GenerateModuleFromFactory(
        address _module,
        bytes32 indexed _moduleName,
        address indexed _moduleFactory,
        address _creator,
        uint256 _setupCost,
        uint256 _setupCostInPoly
    );
    event ChangeSTVersionBound(string _boundType, uint8 _major, uint8 _minor, uint8 _patch);

    //Should create an instance of the Module, or throw
    function deploy(bytes calldata _data) external returns(address moduleAddress);

    /**
     * @notice Get the tags related to the module factory
     */
    function version() external view returns(string memory moduleVersion);

    /**
     * @notice Get the tags related to the module factory
     */
    function name() external view returns(bytes32 moduleName);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the title associated with the module
     */
    function title() external view returns(string memory moduleTitle);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the description associated with the module
     */
    function description() external view returns(string memory moduleDescription);

    /**
     * @notice Get the setup cost of the module in USD
     */
    function setupCost() external returns(uint256 usdSetupCost);

    /**
     * @notice Type of the Module factory
     */
    function getTypes() external view returns(uint8[] memory moduleTypes);

    /**
     * @notice Get the tags related to the module factory
     */
    function getTags() external view returns(bytes32[] memory moduleTags);

    /**
     * @notice Used to change the setup fee
     * @param _newSetupCost New setup fee
     */
    function changeSetupCost(uint256 _newSetupCost) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used to change the currency and amount setup cost
     * @param _setupCost new setup cost
     * @param _isCostInPoly new setup cost currency. USD or POLY
     */
    function changeCostAndType(uint256 _setupCost, bool _isCostInPoly) external;

    /**
     * @notice Function use to change the lower and upper bound of the compatible version st
     * @param _boundType Type of bound
     * @param _newVersion New version array
     */
    function changeSTVersionBounds(string calldata _boundType, uint8[] calldata _newVersion) external;

    /**
     * @notice Get the setup cost of the module
     */
    function setupCostInPoly() external returns (uint256 polySetupCost);

    /**
     * @notice Used to get the lower bound
     * @return Lower bound
     */
    function getLowerSTVersionBounds() external view returns(uint8[] memory lowerBounds);

    /**
     * @notice Used to get the upper bound
     * @return Upper bound
     */
    function getUpperSTVersionBounds() external view returns(uint8[] memory upperBounds);

    /**
     * @notice Updates the tags of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _tagsData New list of tags
     */
    function changeTags(bytes32[] calldata _tagsData) external;

    /**
     * @notice Updates the name of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _name New name that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeName(bytes32 _name) external;

    /**
     * @notice Updates the description of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _description New description that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeDescription(string calldata _description) external;

    /**
     * @notice Updates the title of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _title New Title that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeTitle(string calldata _title) external;

}

/**
 * @title Ownable
 * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control
 * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
 */
contract Ownable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
     * account.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        _owner = msg.sender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), _owner);
    }

    /**
     * @return the address of the owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(isOwner());
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @return true if `msg.sender` is the owner of the contract.
     */
    function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to relinquish control of the contract.
     * It will not be possible to call the functions with the `onlyOwner`
     * modifier anymore.
     * @notice Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
     * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers control of the contract to a newOwner.
     * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
        require(newOwner != address(0));
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

/**
 * @title SafeMath
 * @dev Unsigned math operations with safety checks that revert on error
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Multiplies two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b);

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Integer division of two unsigned integers truncating the quotient, reverts on division by zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Subtracts two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a);

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Divides two unsigned integers and returns the remainder (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverts when dividing by zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0);
        return a % b;
    }
}

library DecimalMath {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    uint256 internal constant e18 = uint256(10) ** uint256(18);

    /**
     * @notice This function multiplies two decimals represented as (decimal * 10**DECIMALS)
     * @return uint256 Result of multiplication represented as (decimal * 10**DECIMALS)
     */
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns(uint256 z) {
        z = SafeMath.add(SafeMath.mul(x, y), (e18) / 2) / (e18);
    }

    /**
     * @notice This function divides two decimals represented as (decimal * 10**DECIMALS)
     * @return uint256 Result of division represented as (decimal * 10**DECIMALS)
     */
    function div(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns(uint256 z) {
        z = SafeMath.add(SafeMath.mul(x, (e18)), y / 2) / y;
    }

}

/**
 * @title Interface that any module factory contract should implement
 * @notice Contract is abstract
 */
contract ModuleFactory is IModuleFactory, Ownable {

    IPolymathRegistry public polymathRegistry;

    string initialVersion;
    bytes32 public name;
    string public title;
    string public description;

    uint8[] typesData;
    bytes32[] tagsData;

    bool public isCostInPoly;
    uint256 public setupCost;

    string constant POLY_ORACLE = "StablePolyUsdOracle";

    // @notice Allow only two variables to be stored
    // 1. lowerBound
    // 2. upperBound
    // @dev (0.0.0 will act as the wildcard)
    // @dev uint24 consists packed value of uint8 _major, uint8 _minor, uint8 _patch
    mapping(string => uint24) compatibleSTVersionRange;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     */
    constructor(uint256 _setupCost, address _polymathRegistry, bool _isCostInPoly) public {
        setupCost = _setupCost;
        polymathRegistry = IPolymathRegistry(_polymathRegistry);
        isCostInPoly = _isCostInPoly;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Type of the Module factory
     */
    function getTypes() external view returns(uint8[] memory) {
        return typesData;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the tags related to the module factory
     */
    function getTags() external view returns(bytes32[] memory) {
        return tagsData;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the version related to the module factory
     */
    function version() external view returns(string memory) {
        return initialVersion;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to change the fee of the setup cost
     * @param _setupCost new setup cost
     */
    function changeSetupCost(uint256 _setupCost) public onlyOwner {
        emit ChangeSetupCost(setupCost, _setupCost);
        setupCost = _setupCost;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to change the currency and amount of setup cost
     * @param _setupCost new setup cost
     * @param _isCostInPoly new setup cost currency. USD or POLY
     */
    function changeCostAndType(uint256 _setupCost, bool _isCostInPoly) public onlyOwner {
        emit ChangeSetupCost(setupCost, _setupCost);
        emit ChangeCostType(isCostInPoly, _isCostInPoly);
        setupCost = _setupCost;
        isCostInPoly = _isCostInPoly;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the title of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _title New Title that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeTitle(string memory _title) public onlyOwner {
        require(bytes(_title).length > 0, "Invalid text");
        title = _title;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the description of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _description New description that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeDescription(string memory _description) public onlyOwner {
        require(bytes(_description).length > 0, "Invalid text");
        description = _description;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the name of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _name New name that will replace the old one.
     */
    function changeName(bytes32 _name) public onlyOwner {
        require(_name != bytes32(0), "Invalid text");
        name = _name;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the tags of the ModuleFactory
     * @param _tagsData New list of tags
     */
    function changeTags(bytes32[] memory _tagsData) public onlyOwner {
        require(_tagsData.length > 0, "Invalid text");
        tagsData = _tagsData;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Function use to change the lower and upper bound of the compatible version st
     * @param _boundType Type of bound
     * @param _newVersion new version array
     */
    function changeSTVersionBounds(string calldata _boundType, uint8[] calldata _newVersion) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_boundType)) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked("lowerBound")) || keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(_boundType)
            ) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked("upperBound")),
            "Invalid bound type"
        );
        require(_newVersion.length == 3, "Invalid version");
        if (compatibleSTVersionRange[_boundType] != uint24(0)) {
            uint8[] memory _currentVersion = VersionUtils.unpack(compatibleSTVersionRange[_boundType]);
            if (keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_boundType)) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked("lowerBound"))) {
                require(VersionUtils.lessThanOrEqual(_newVersion, _currentVersion), "Invalid version");
            } else {
                require(VersionUtils.greaterThanOrEqual(_newVersion, _currentVersion), "Invalid version");
            }
        }
        compatibleSTVersionRange[_boundType] = VersionUtils.pack(_newVersion[0], _newVersion[1], _newVersion[2]);
        emit ChangeSTVersionBound(_boundType, _newVersion[0], _newVersion[1], _newVersion[2]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to get the lower bound
     * @return lower bound
     */
    function getLowerSTVersionBounds() external view returns(uint8[] memory) {
        return VersionUtils.unpack(compatibleSTVersionRange["lowerBound"]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to get the upper bound
     * @return upper bound
     */
    function getUpperSTVersionBounds() external view returns(uint8[] memory) {
        return VersionUtils.unpack(compatibleSTVersionRange["upperBound"]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the setup cost of the module
     */
    function setupCostInPoly() public returns (uint256) {
        if (isCostInPoly)
            return setupCost;
        uint256 polyRate = IOracle(polymathRegistry.getAddress(POLY_ORACLE)).getPrice();
        return DecimalMath.div(setupCost, polyRate);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates fee in POLY
     */
    function _takeFee() internal returns(uint256) {
        uint256 polySetupCost = setupCostInPoly();
        address polyToken = polymathRegistry.getAddress("PolyToken");
        if (polySetupCost > 0) {
            require(IERC20(polyToken).transferFrom(msg.sender, owner(), polySetupCost), "Insufficient allowance for module fee");
        }
        return polySetupCost;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to initialize the module
     * @param _module Address of module
     * @param _data Data used for the intialization of the module factory variables
     */
    function _initializeModule(address _module, bytes memory _data) internal {
        uint256 polySetupCost = _takeFee();
        bytes4 initFunction = IModule(_module).getInitFunction();
        if (initFunction != bytes4(0)) {
            require(Util.getSig(_data) == initFunction, "Provided data is not valid");
            /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-low-level-calls*/
            (bool success, ) = _module.call(_data);
            require(success, "Unsuccessful initialization");
        }
        /*solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members*/
        emit GenerateModuleFromFactory(_module, name, address(this), msg.sender, setupCost, polySetupCost);
    }

}

/**
 * @title Interface for the Polymath Module Registry contract
 */
interface IModuleRegistry {

    ///////////
    // Events
    //////////

    // Emit when network becomes paused
    event Pause(address account);
    // Emit when network becomes unpaused
    event Unpause(address account);
    // Emit when Module is used by the SecurityToken
    event ModuleUsed(address indexed _moduleFactory, address indexed _securityToken);
    // Emit when the Module Factory gets registered on the ModuleRegistry contract
    event ModuleRegistered(address indexed _moduleFactory, address indexed _owner);
    // Emit when the module gets verified by Polymath
    event ModuleVerified(address indexed _moduleFactory);
    // Emit when the module gets unverified by Polymath or the factory owner
    event ModuleUnverified(address indexed _moduleFactory);
    // Emit when a ModuleFactory is removed by Polymath
    event ModuleRemoved(address indexed _moduleFactory, address indexed _decisionMaker);
    // Emit when ownership gets transferred
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);


    /**
     * @notice Called by a security token (2.x) to notify the registry it is using a module
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the relevant module factory
     */
    function useModule(address _moduleFactory) external;

    /**
     * @notice Called by a security token to notify the registry it is using a module
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the relevant module factory
     * @param _isUpgrade whether the use is part of an existing module upgrade
     */
    function useModule(address _moduleFactory, bool _isUpgrade) external;

    /**
     * @notice Called by the ModuleFactory owner to register new modules for SecurityToken to use
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be registered
     */
    function registerModule(address _moduleFactory) external;

    /**
     * @notice Called by the ModuleFactory owner or registry curator to delete a ModuleFactory
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be deleted
     */
    function removeModule(address _moduleFactory) external;

    /**
     * @notice Check that a module and its factory are compatible
     * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the relevant module factory
     * @param _securityToken is the address of the relevant security token
     * @return bool whether module and token are compatible
     */
    function isCompatibleModule(address _moduleFactory, address _securityToken) external view returns(bool isCompatible);

    /**
    * @notice Called by Polymath to verify modules for SecurityToken to use.
    * @notice A module can not be used by an ST unless first approved/verified by Polymath
    * @notice (The only exception to this is that the author of the module is the owner of the ST - Only if enabled by the FeatureRegistry)
    * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be registered
    */
    function verifyModule(address _moduleFactory) external;

    /**
    * @notice Called by Polymath to unverify modules for SecurityToken to use.
    * @notice A module can not be used by an ST unless first approved/verified by Polymath
    * @notice (The only exception to this is that the author of the module is the owner of the ST - Only if enabled by the FeatureRegistry)
    * @param _moduleFactory is the address of the module factory to be registered
    */
    function unverifyModule(address _moduleFactory) external;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the verified status, and reputation of the entered Module Factory
     * @param _factoryAddress is the address of the module factory
     * @return bool indicating whether module factory is verified
     * @return address of the factory owner
     * @return address array which contains the list of securityTokens that use that module factory
     */
    function getFactoryDetails(address _factoryAddress) external view returns(bool isVerified, address factoryOwner, address[] memory usingTokens);

    /**
     * @notice Returns all the tags related to the a module type which are valid for the given token
     * @param _moduleType is the module type
     * @param _securityToken is the token
     * @return list of tags
     * @return corresponding list of module factories
     */
    function getTagsByTypeAndToken(uint8 _moduleType, address _securityToken) external view returns(bytes32[] memory tags, address[] memory factories);

    /**
     * @notice Returns all the tags related to the a module type which are valid for the given token
     * @param _moduleType is the module type
     * @return list of tags
     * @return corresponding list of module factories
     */
    function getTagsByType(uint8 _moduleType) external view returns(bytes32[] memory tags, address[] memory factories);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the list of addresses of all Module Factory of a particular type
     * @param _moduleType Type of Module
     * @return address array that contains the list of addresses of module factory contracts.
     */
    function getAllModulesByType(uint8 _moduleType) external view returns(address[] memory factories);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the list of addresses of Module Factory of a particular type
     * @param _moduleType Type of Module
     * @return address array that contains the list of addresses of module factory contracts.
     */
    function getModulesByType(uint8 _moduleType) external view returns(address[] memory factories);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the list of available Module factory addresses of a particular type for a given token.
     * @param _moduleType is the module type to look for
     * @param _securityToken is the address of SecurityToken
     * @return address array that contains the list of available addresses of module factory contracts.
     */
    function getModulesByTypeAndToken(uint8 _moduleType, address _securityToken) external view returns(address[] memory factories);

    /**
     * @notice Use to get the latest contract address of the regstries
     */
    function updateFromRegistry() external;

    /**
     * @notice Get the owner of the contract
     * @return address owner
     */
    function owner() external view returns(address ownerAddress);

    /**
     * @notice Check whether the contract operations is paused or not
     * @return bool
     */
    function isPaused() external view returns(bool paused);

    /**
     * @notice Reclaims all ERC20Basic compatible tokens
     * @param _tokenContract The address of the token contract
     */
    function reclaimERC20(address _tokenContract) external;

    /**
     * @notice Called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
     */
    function pause() external;

    /**
     * @notice Called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
     */
    function unpause() external;

    /**
    * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
    * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
    */
    function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) external;

}

/**
 * @title Factory for deploying upgradable modules
 */
contract UpgradableModuleFactory is ModuleFactory {

    event LogicContractSet(string _version, uint256 _upgrade, address _logicContract, bytes _upgradeData);

    event ModuleUpgraded(
        address indexed _module,
        address indexed _securityToken,
        uint256 indexed _version
    );

    struct LogicContract {
        string version;
        address logicContract;
        bytes upgradeData;
    }

    // Mapping from version to logic contract
    mapping (uint256 => LogicContract) public logicContracts;

    // Mapping from Security Token address, to deployed proxy module address, to module version
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public modules;

    // Mapping of which security token owns a given module
    mapping (address => address) public moduleToSecurityToken;

    // Current version
    uint256 public latestUpgrade;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param _setupCost Setup cost of the module
      * @param _logicContract Contract address that contains the logic related to `description`
     * @param _polymathRegistry Address of the Polymath registry
     * @param _isCostInPoly true = cost in Poly, false = USD
     */
    constructor(
        string memory _version,
        uint256 _setupCost,
        address _logicContract,
        address _polymathRegistry,
        bool _isCostInPoly
    )
        public ModuleFactory(_setupCost, _polymathRegistry, _isCostInPoly)
    {
        require(_logicContract != address(0), "Invalid address");
        logicContracts[latestUpgrade].logicContract = _logicContract;
        logicContracts[latestUpgrade].version = _version;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to upgrade the module factory
     * @param _version Version of upgraded module
     * @param _logicContract Address of deployed module logic contract referenced from proxy
     * @param _upgradeData Data to be passed in call to upgradeToAndCall when a token upgrades its module
     */
    function setLogicContract(string calldata _version, address _logicContract, bytes calldata _upgradeData) external onlyOwner {
        require(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_version)) != keccak256(abi.encodePacked(logicContracts[latestUpgrade].version)), "Same version");
        require(_logicContract != logicContracts[latestUpgrade].logicContract, "Same version");
        require(_logicContract != address(0), "Invalid address");
        latestUpgrade++;
        _modifyLogicContract(latestUpgrade, _version, _logicContract, _upgradeData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to update an existing token logic contract
     * @param _upgrade logic contract to upgrade
     * @param _version Version of upgraded module
     * @param _logicContract Address of deployed module logic contract referenced from proxy
     * @param _upgradeData Data to be passed in call to upgradeToAndCall when a token upgrades its module
     */
    function updateLogicContract(uint256 _upgrade, string calldata _version, address _logicContract, bytes calldata _upgradeData) external onlyOwner {
        require(_upgrade <= latestUpgrade, "Invalid upgrade");
        // version & contract must differ from previous version, otherwise upgrade proxy will fail
        if (_upgrade > 0) {
          require(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_version)) != keccak256(abi.encodePacked(logicContracts[_upgrade - 1].version)), "Same version");
          require(_logicContract != logicContracts[_upgrade - 1].logicContract, "Same version");
        }
        require(_logicContract != address(0), "Invalid address");
        require(_upgradeData.length > 4, "Invalid Upgrade");
        _modifyLogicContract(_upgrade, _version, _logicContract, _upgradeData);
    }

    function _modifyLogicContract(uint256 _upgrade, string memory _version, address _logicContract, bytes memory _upgradeData) internal {
        logicContracts[_upgrade].version = _version;
        logicContracts[_upgrade].logicContract = _logicContract;
        logicContracts[_upgrade].upgradeData = _upgradeData;
        IModuleRegistry moduleRegistry = IModuleRegistry(polymathRegistry.getAddress("ModuleRegistry"));
        moduleRegistry.unverifyModule(address(this));
        emit LogicContractSet(_version, _upgrade, _logicContract, _upgradeData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used by a security token to upgrade a given module
     * @param _module Address of (proxy) module to be upgraded
     */
    function upgrade(address _module) external {
        // Only allow the owner of a module to upgrade it
        require(moduleToSecurityToken[_module] == msg.sender, "Incorrect caller");
        // Only allow issuers to upgrade in single step verisons to preserve upgradeToAndCall semantics
        uint256 newVersion = modules[msg.sender][_module] + 1;
        require(newVersion <= latestUpgrade, "Incorrect version");
        OwnedUpgradeabilityProxy(address(uint160(_module))).upgradeToAndCall(logicContracts[newVersion].version, logicContracts[newVersion].logicContract, logicContracts[newVersion].upgradeData);
        modules[msg.sender][_module] = newVersion;
        emit ModuleUpgraded(
            _module,
            msg.sender,
            newVersion
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Used to initialize the module
     * @param _module Address of module
     * @param _data Data used for the intialization of the module factory variables
     */
    function _initializeModule(address _module, bytes memory _data) internal {
        super._initializeModule(_module, _data);
        moduleToSecurityToken[_module] = msg.sender;
        modules[msg.sender][_module] = latestUpgrade;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the version related to the module factory
     */
    function version() external view returns(string memory) {
        return logicContracts[latestUpgrade].version;
    }

}

/**
 * @title Factory for deploying VolumeRestrictionTM module
 */
contract VolumeRestrictionTMFactory is UpgradableModuleFactory {

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param _setupCost Setup cost of the module
      * @param _logicContract Contract address that contains the logic related to `description`
     * @param _polymathRegistry Address of the Polymath registry
     * @param _isCostInPoly true = cost in Poly, false = USD
     */
    constructor (
        uint256 _setupCost,
        address _logicContract,
        address _polymathRegistry,
        bool _isCostInPoly
    )
        public
        UpgradableModuleFactory("3.0.0", _setupCost, _logicContract, _polymathRegistry, _isCostInPoly)
    {
        name = "VolumeRestrictionTM";
        title = "Volume Restriction Transfer Manager";
        description = "Manage transfers based on the volume of tokens that needs to be transact";
        typesData.push(2);
        typesData.push(6);
        tagsData.push("Rolling Period");
        tagsData.push("Volume");
        tagsData.push("Transfer Restriction");
        compatibleSTVersionRange["lowerBound"] = VersionUtils.pack(uint8(3), uint8(0), uint8(0));
        compatibleSTVersionRange["upperBound"] = VersionUtils.pack(uint8(3), uint8(0), uint8(0));
    }

     /**
     * @notice Used to launch the Module with the help of factory
     * @return address Contract address of the Module
     */
    function deploy(bytes calldata _data) external returns(address) {
        address volumeRestrictionTransferManager = address(new VolumeRestrictionTMProxy(logicContracts[latestUpgrade].version, msg.sender, polymathRegistry.getAddress("PolyToken"), logicContracts[latestUpgrade].logicContract));
        _initializeModule(volumeRestrictionTransferManager, _data);
        return volumeRestrictionTransferManager;
    }

}