// File: contracts/interfaces/IMintableERC721.sol


pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

interface IMintableERC721 {
	/**
	 * @notice Checks if specified token exists
	 *
	 * @dev Returns whether the specified token ID has an ownership
	 *      information associated with it
	 *
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to query existence for
	 * @return whether the token exists (true - exists, false - doesn't exist)
	 */
	function exists(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns(bool);

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new token with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for this token
	 *
	 * @dev Unsafe: doesn't execute `onERC721Received` on the receiver.
	 *      Prefer the use of `saveMint` instead of `mint`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint token to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to mint
	 */
	function mint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external;

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new tokens starting with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for these tokens
	 *
	 * @dev Token IDs to be minted: [_tokenId, _tokenId + n)
	 *
	 * @dev n must be greater or equal 2: `n > 1`
	 *
	 * @dev Unsafe: doesn't execute `onERC721Received` on the receiver.
	 *      Prefer the use of `saveMintBatch` instead of `mintBatch`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint tokens to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the first token to mint
	 * @param n how many tokens to mint, sequentially increasing the _tokenId
	 */
	function mintBatch(address _to, uint256 _tokenId, uint256 n) external;

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new token with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for this token
	 *
	 * @dev Checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
	 *      `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
	 *      `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint token to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to mint
	 */
	function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external;

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new token with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for this token
	 *
	 * @dev Checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
	 *      `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
	 *      `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint token to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to mint
	 * @param _data additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `_to`
	 */
	function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId, bytes memory _data) external;

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new tokens starting with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for these tokens
	 *
	 * @dev Token IDs to be minted: [_tokenId, _tokenId + n)
	 *
	 * @dev n must be greater or equal 2: `n > 1`
	 *
	 * @dev Checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
	 *      `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
	 *      `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint token to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to mint
	 * @param n how many tokens to mint, sequentially increasing the _tokenId
	 */
	function safeMintBatch(address _to, uint256 _tokenId, uint256 n) external;

	/**
	 * @dev Creates new tokens starting with token ID specified
	 *      and assigns an ownership `_to` for these tokens
	 *
	 * @dev Token IDs to be minted: [_tokenId, _tokenId + n)
	 *
	 * @dev n must be greater or equal 2: `n > 1`
	 *
	 * @dev Checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
	 *      `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
	 *      `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
	 *
	 * @dev Should have a restricted access handled by the implementation
	 *
	 * @param _to an address to mint token to
	 * @param _tokenId ID of the token to mint
	 * @param n how many tokens to mint, sequentially increasing the _tokenId
	 * @param _data additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `_to`
	 */
	function safeMintBatch(address _to, uint256 _tokenId, uint256 n, bytes memory _data) external;
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC721.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC165.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Trees proofs.
 *
 * The proofs can be generated using the JavaScript library
 * https://github.com/miguelmota/merkletreejs[merkletreejs].
 * Note: the hashing algorithm should be keccak256 and pair sorting should be enabled.
 *
 * See `test/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.test.js` for some examples.
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32 leaf
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merklee tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            bytes32 proofElement = proof[i];
            if (computedHash <= proofElement) {
                // Hash(current computed hash + current element of the proof)
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement));
            } else {
                // Hash(current element of the proof + current computed hash)
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash));
            }
        }
        return computedHash;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/finance/PaymentSplitter.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (finance/PaymentSplitter.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;




/**
 * @title PaymentSplitter
 * @dev This contract allows to split Ether payments among a group of accounts. The sender does not need to be aware
 * that the Ether will be split in this way, since it is handled transparently by the contract.
 *
 * The split can be in equal parts or in any other arbitrary proportion. The way this is specified is by assigning each
 * account to a number of shares. Of all the Ether that this contract receives, each account will then be able to claim
 * an amount proportional to the percentage of total shares they were assigned.
 *
 * `PaymentSplitter` follows a _pull payment_ model. This means that payments are not automatically forwarded to the
 * accounts but kept in this contract, and the actual transfer is triggered as a separate step by calling the {release}
 * function.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract assumes that ERC20 tokens will behave similarly to native tokens (Ether). Rebasing tokens, and
 * tokens that apply fees during transfers, are likely to not be supported as expected. If in doubt, we encourage you
 * to run tests before sending real value to this contract.
 */
contract PaymentSplitter is Context {
    event PayeeAdded(address account, uint256 shares);
    event PaymentReleased(address to, uint256 amount);
    event ERC20PaymentReleased(IERC20 indexed token, address to, uint256 amount);
    event PaymentReceived(address from, uint256 amount);

    uint256 private _totalShares;
    uint256 private _totalReleased;

    mapping(address => uint256) private _shares;
    mapping(address => uint256) private _released;
    address[] private _payees;

    mapping(IERC20 => uint256) private _erc20TotalReleased;
    mapping(IERC20 => mapping(address => uint256)) private _erc20Released;

    /**
     * @dev Creates an instance of `PaymentSplitter` where each account in `payees` is assigned the number of shares at
     * the matching position in the `shares` array.
     *
     * All addresses in `payees` must be non-zero. Both arrays must have the same non-zero length, and there must be no
     * duplicates in `payees`.
     */
    constructor(address[] memory payees, uint256[] memory shares_) payable {
        require(payees.length == shares_.length, "PaymentSplitter: payees and shares length mismatch");
        require(payees.length > 0, "PaymentSplitter: no payees");

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < payees.length; i++) {
            _addPayee(payees[i], shares_[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev The Ether received will be logged with {PaymentReceived} events. Note that these events are not fully
     * reliable: it's possible for a contract to receive Ether without triggering this function. This only affects the
     * reliability of the events, and not the actual splitting of Ether.
     *
     * To learn more about this see the Solidity documentation for
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contracts.html#fallback-function[fallback
     * functions].
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        emit PaymentReceived(_msgSender(), msg.value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the total shares held by payees.
     */
    function totalShares() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalShares;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the total amount of Ether already released.
     */
    function totalReleased() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalReleased;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the total amount of `token` already released. `token` should be the address of an IERC20
     * contract.
     */
    function totalReleased(IERC20 token) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _erc20TotalReleased[token];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the amount of shares held by an account.
     */
    function shares(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _shares[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the amount of Ether already released to a payee.
     */
    function released(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _released[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the amount of `token` tokens already released to a payee. `token` should be the address of an
     * IERC20 contract.
     */
    function released(IERC20 token, address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _erc20Released[token][account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the address of the payee number `index`.
     */
    function payee(uint256 index) public view returns (address) {
        return _payees[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers a transfer to `account` of the amount of Ether they are owed, according to their percentage of the
     * total shares and their previous withdrawals.
     */
    function release(address payable account) public virtual {
        require(_shares[account] > 0, "PaymentSplitter: account has no shares");

        uint256 totalReceived = address(this).balance + totalReleased();
        uint256 payment = _pendingPayment(account, totalReceived, released(account));

        require(payment != 0, "PaymentSplitter: account is not due payment");

        _released[account] += payment;
        _totalReleased += payment;

        Address.sendValue(account, payment);
        emit PaymentReleased(account, payment);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers a transfer to `account` of the amount of `token` tokens they are owed, according to their
     * percentage of the total shares and their previous withdrawals. `token` must be the address of an IERC20
     * contract.
     */
    function release(IERC20 token, address account) public virtual {
        require(_shares[account] > 0, "PaymentSplitter: account has no shares");

        uint256 totalReceived = token.balanceOf(address(this)) + totalReleased(token);
        uint256 payment = _pendingPayment(account, totalReceived, released(token, account));

        require(payment != 0, "PaymentSplitter: account is not due payment");

        _erc20Released[token][account] += payment;
        _erc20TotalReleased[token] += payment;

        SafeERC20.safeTransfer(token, account, payment);
        emit ERC20PaymentReleased(token, account, payment);
    }

    /**
     * @dev internal logic for computing the pending payment of an `account` given the token historical balances and
     * already released amounts.
     */
    function _pendingPayment(
        address account,
        uint256 totalReceived,
        uint256 alreadyReleased
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        return (totalReceived * _shares[account]) / _totalShares - alreadyReleased;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a new payee to the contract.
     * @param account The address of the payee to add.
     * @param shares_ The number of shares owned by the payee.
     */
    function _addPayee(address account, uint256 shares_) private {
        require(account != address(0), "PaymentSplitter: account is the zero address");
        require(shares_ > 0, "PaymentSplitter: shares are 0");
        require(_shares[account] == 0, "PaymentSplitter: account already has shares");

        _payees.push(account);
        _shares[account] = shares_;
        _totalShares = _totalShares + shares_;
        emit PayeeAdded(account, shares_);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol


// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: contracts/MintableSale.sol


pragma solidity ^0.8.10;








/**
 * @title Mintable Sale
 *
 * @notice Mintable Sale sales fixed amount of NFTs (tokens) for a fixed price in a fixed period of time;
 *      it can be used in a 10k sale campaign and the smart contract is generic and
 *      can sell any type of mintable NFT (see MintableERC721 interface)
 *
 * @dev Fixed parameters should not be changed mid sale because the minted per walet gets reset each time
 *
 * @dev When buying a token from this smart contract, next token is minted to the recipient
 *
 * @dev Supports functionality to limit amount of tokens that can be minted to each address
 *
 * @dev Deployment and setup:
 *      1. Deploy smart contract, specify smart contract address during the deployment:
 *         - Mintable ER721 deployed instance address
 *      2. Execute `initialize` function and set up the sale parameters;
 *         sale is not active until it's initialized
 *
 */
contract MintableSale is Ownable, PaymentSplitter, ReentrancyGuard {
  // Use Zeppelin MerkleProof Library to verify Merkle proofs
  using MerkleProof for bytes32[];

  // ----- SLOT.1 (192/256)
  /**
   * @dev Next token ID to mint;
   *      initially this is the first "free" ID which can be minted;
   *      at any point in time this should point to a free, mintable ID
   *      for the token
   *
   * @dev `nextId` cannot be zero, we do not ever mint NFTs with zero IDs
   */
  uint32 public nextId = 1;

  /**
   * @dev Last token ID to mint;
   *      once `nextId` exceeds `finalId` the sale pauses
   */
  uint32 public finalId;

  /**
   * @notice Once set, limits the amount of tokens one can buy in a single transaction;
   *       When unset (zero) the amount of tokens is limited only by block size and
   *       amount of tokens left for sale
   */
  uint32 public batchLimit;

  /**
   * @notice Once set, limits the amount of tokens one address can buy for the duration of the sale;
   *       When unset (zero) the amount of tokens is limited only by the amount of tokens left for sale
   */
  uint32 public mintLimit;

  /**
   * @notice Counter of the tokens sold (minted) by this sale smart contract
   */
  uint32 public soldCounter;

  /**
   * @notice Merkle tree root to validate (address, cost, startDate, endDate)
   *         tuples
   */
  bytes32 public root;

  // ----- NON-SLOTTED
  /**
   * @dev Mintable ERC721 contract address to mint
   */
  address public immutable tokenContract;

  // ----- NON-SLOTTED
  /**
   * @dev Number of mints performed by address
   */
  mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => uint32)) public mints;

  // ----- NON-SLOTTED
  /**
   * @dev Is this a public sale or a private one (Merkle root verify or not)
   */
  bool public isPublicSale = false;

  // ----- NON-SLOTTED
  /**
   * @dev Sale number for contract - starts from 0 and increments to 1 for each new sale.
   * Used for resetting mints per wallet each sale.
   */
  uint32 public saleNumber = 0;
  /**
   * @dev Fired in initialize()
   *
   * @param _by an address which executed the initialization
   * @param _nextId next ID of the token to mint
   * @param _finalId final ID of the token to mint
   * @param _batchLimit how many tokens is allowed to buy in a single transaction
   * @param _root merkle tree root
   */
  event Initialized(
    address indexed _by,
    uint32 _nextId,
    uint32 _finalId,
    uint32 _batchLimit,
    uint32 _limit,
    bytes32 _root,
    bool _isPublicSale
  );

  /**
   * @dev Fired in buy(), buyTo(), buySingle(), and buySingleTo()
   *
   * @param _by an address which executed and payed the transaction, probably a buyer
   * @param _to an address which received token(s) minted
   * @param _amount number of tokens minted
   * @param _value ETH amount charged
   */
  event Bought(
    address indexed _by,
    address indexed _to,
    uint256 _amount,
    uint256 _value
  );

  /**
   * @dev Creates/deploys MintableSale and binds it to Mintable ERC721
   *      smart contract on construction
   *
   * @param _tokenContract deployed Mintable ERC721 smart contract; sale will mint ERC721
   *      tokens of that type to the recipient
   */
  constructor(
    address _tokenContract,
    address[] memory addressList,
    uint256[] memory shareList
  ) PaymentSplitter(addressList, shareList) {
    // verify the input is set
    require(_tokenContract != address(0), "token contract is not set");

    // verify input is valid smart contract of the expected interfaces
    require(
      IERC165(_tokenContract).supportsInterface(
        type(IMintableERC721).interfaceId
      ),
      "unexpected token contract type"
    );

    // assign the addresses
    tokenContract = _tokenContract;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Number of tokens left on sale
   *
   * @dev Doesn't take into account if sale is active or not
   *
   * @return number of tokens left on sale
   */
  function itemsOnSale() public view returns (uint32) {
    // calculate items left on sale, taking into account that
    // finalId is on sale (inclusive bound)
    return finalId >= nextId ? finalId + 1 - nextId : 0;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Number of tokens available on sale
   *
   * @dev Takes into account if sale is active or not, doesn't throw,
   *      returns zero if sale is inactive
   *
   * @return number of tokens available on sale
   */
  function itemsAvailable() public view returns (uint32) {
    // delegate to itemsOnSale() if sale is active, return zero otherwise
    return isActive() ? itemsOnSale() : 0;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Active sale is an operational sale capable of minting and selling tokens
   *
   * @dev The sale is active when all the requirements below are met:
   *      1. `finalId` is not reached (`nextId <= finalId`)
   *
   * @dev Function is marked as virtual to be overridden in the helper test smart contract (mock)
   *      in order to test how it affects the sale process
   *
   * @return true if sale is active (operational) and can sell tokens, false otherwise
   */
  function isActive() public view virtual returns (bool) {
    // evaluate sale state based on the internal state variables and return
    return nextId <= finalId;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Restricted access function to set up sale parameters, all at once,
   *      or any subset of them
   *
   * @dev To skip parameter initialization, set it to `-1`,
   *      that is a maximum value for unsigned integer of the corresponding type;
   *      `_aliSource` and `_aliValue` must both be either set or skipped
   *
   * @dev Example: following initialization will update only _itemPrice and _batchLimit,
   *      leaving the rest of the fields unchanged
   *      initialize(
   *          0xFFFFFFFF,
   *          0xFFFFFFFF,
   *          10,
   *          0xFFFFFFFF
   *      )
   *
   * @dev Requires next ID to be greater than zero (strict): `_nextId > 0`
   *
   * @dev Requires transaction sender to have `ROLE_SALE_MANAGER` role
   *
   * @param _nextId next ID of the token to mint, will be increased
   *      in smart contract storage after every successful buy
   * @param _finalId final ID of the token to mint; sale is capable of producing
   *      `_finalId - _nextId + 1` tokens
   *      when current time is within _saleStart (inclusive) and _saleEnd (exclusive)
   * @param _batchLimit how many tokens is allowed to buy in a single transaction,
   *      set to zero to disable the limit
   * @param _mintLimit how many tokens is allowed to buy for the duration of the sale,
   *      set to zero to disable the limit
   * @param _root merkle tree root used to verify whether an address can mint
   */
  function initialize(
    uint32 _nextId, // <<<--- keep type in sync with the body type(uint32).max !!!
    uint32 _finalId, // <<<--- keep type in sync with the body type(uint32).max !!!
    uint32 _batchLimit, // <<<--- keep type in sync with the body type(uint32).max !!!
    uint32 _mintLimit, // <<<--- keep type in sync with the body type(uint32).max !!!
    bytes32 _root, // <<<--- keep type in sync with the 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF !!!
    bool _isPublicSale
  ) public onlyOwner {
    // verify the inputs
    require(_nextId > 0, "zero nextId");

    // no need to verify extra parameters - "incorrect" values will deactivate the sale

    // initialize contract state based on the values supplied
    // take into account our convention that value `-1` means "do not set"
    // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 64 bits
    // 0xFFFFFFFF, 32 bits
    if (_nextId != type(uint32).max) {
      nextId = _nextId;
    }
    // 0xFFFFFFFF, 32 bits
    if (_finalId != type(uint32).max) {
      finalId = _finalId;
    }
    // 0xFFFFFFFF, 32 bits
    if (_batchLimit != type(uint32).max) {
      batchLimit = _batchLimit;
    }
    // 0xFFFFFFFF, 32 bits
    if (_mintLimit != type(uint32).max) {
      mintLimit = _mintLimit;
    }
    // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 256 bits
    if (
      _root !=
      0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
    ) {
      root = _root;
    }

    isPublicSale = _isPublicSale;

    saleNumber++;

    // emit an event - read values from the storage since not all of them might be set
    emit Initialized(
      msg.sender,
      nextId,
      finalId,
      batchLimit,
      mintLimit,
      root,
      isPublicSale
    );
  }

  /**
   * @notice Buys several (at least two) tokens in a batch.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints a token
   *
   * @param _amount amount of tokens to create, two or more
   */
  function buy(
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof,
    uint32 _amount
  ) public payable {
    // delegate to `buyTo` with the transaction sender set to be a recipient
    buyTo(msg.sender, _price, _start, _end, _proof, _amount);
  }

   /**
   * @notice Buys several (at least two) tokens in a batch.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints a token
   *
   * @param _amount amount of tokens to create, two or more
   */
  function devBuy(
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof,
    uint32 _amount
  ) public payable {
    // delegate to `buyTo` with the transaction sender set to be a recipient
    buyTo(msg.sender, _price, _start, _end, _proof, _amount);
  }

  /**
   * @notice Buys several (at least two) tokens in a batch to an address specified.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints tokens
   *
   * @param _to address to mint tokens to
   * @param _amount amount of tokens to create, two or more
   */
  function buyTo(
    address _to,
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof,
    uint32 _amount
  ) public payable nonReentrant {
    if (isPublicSale) {
      // disallow contracts from buying
      require(msg.sender == tx.origin, "Contract buys not allowed");
    }

    // construct Merkle tree leaf from the inputs supplied
    bytes32 leaf = buildLeaf(_price, _start, _end);

    // verify proof
    require(_proof.verify(root, leaf), "invalid proof");

    // verify the inputs
    require(_to != address(0), "recipient not set");
    require(
      _amount > 1 && (batchLimit == 0 || _amount <= batchLimit),
      "incorrect amount"
    );
    require(block.timestamp >= _start, "sale not yet started");
    require(block.timestamp <= _end, "sale ended");

    // verify mint limit
    if (mintLimit != 0) {
      require(
        mints[saleNumber][msg.sender] + _amount <= mintLimit,
        "mint limit reached"
      );
    }

    // verify there is enough items available to buy the amount
    // verifies sale is in active state under the hood
    require(
      itemsAvailable() >= _amount,
      "inactive sale or not enough items available"
    );

    // calculate the total price required and validate the transaction value
    uint256 totalPrice = _price * _amount;
    require(msg.value >= totalPrice, "not enough funds");

    // increment sender mints
    mints[saleNumber][msg.sender] += _amount;

    // mint token to to the recipient
    IMintableERC721(tokenContract).mintBatch(_to, nextId, _amount);

    // increment `nextId`
    nextId += _amount;
    // increment `soldCounter`
    soldCounter += _amount;

    // if ETH amount supplied exceeds the price
    if (msg.value > totalPrice) {
      // send excess amount back to sender
      payable(msg.sender).transfer(msg.value - totalPrice);
    }

    // emit en event
    emit Bought(msg.sender, _to, _amount, totalPrice);
  }

   /**
   * @notice Buys single token.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints a token
   */
  function devBuySingle(
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof
  ) public payable {
    // delegate to `buySingleTo` with the transaction sender set to be a recipient
    buySingleTo(msg.sender, _price, _start, _end, _proof);
  }

  /**
   * @notice Buys single token.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints a token
   */
  function buySingle(
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof
  ) public payable {
    // delegate to `buySingleTo` with the transaction sender set to be a recipient
    buySingleTo(msg.sender, _price, _start, _end, _proof);
  }

  /**
   * @notice Buys single token to an address specified.
   *      Accepts ETH as payment and mints a token
   *
   * @param _to address to mint token to
   */
  function buySingleTo(
    address _to,
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end,
    bytes32[] memory _proof
  ) public payable nonReentrant {
    if (isPublicSale) {
      // disallow contracts from buying
      require(msg.sender == tx.origin, "Contract buys not allowed");
    }
    // construct Merkle tree leaf from the inputs supplied
    bytes32 leaf = buildLeaf(_price, _start, _end);

    // verify proof
    require(_proof.verify(root, leaf), "invalid proof");

    // verify the inputs and transaction value
    require(_to != address(0), "recipient not set");
    require(msg.value >= _price, "not enough funds");
    require(block.timestamp >= _start, "sale not yet started");
    require(block.timestamp <= _end, "sale ended");

    // verify mint limit
    if (mintLimit != 0) {
      require(
        mints[saleNumber][msg.sender] + 1 <= mintLimit,
        "mint limit reached"
      );
    }

    // verify sale is in active state
    require(isActive(), "inactive sale");

    // mint token to the recipient
    IMintableERC721(tokenContract).mint(_to, nextId);

    // increment `nextId`
    nextId++;
    // increment `soldCounter`
    soldCounter++;
    // increment sender mints
    mints[saleNumber][msg.sender]++;

    // if ETH amount supplied exceeds the price
    if (msg.value > _price) {
      // send excess amount back to sender
      payable(msg.sender).transfer(msg.value - _price);
    }

    // emit en event
    emit Bought(msg.sender, _to, 1, _price);
  }

  function buildLeaf(
    uint256 _price,
    uint256 _start,
    uint256 _end
  ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
    // construct Merkle tree leaf from the inputs supplied
    bytes32 leaf;
    if (!isPublicSale) {
      leaf = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, _price, _start, _end));
    } else {
      leaf = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_price, _start, _end));
    }
    return leaf;
  }
}