/*
    ___            _       ___  _                          
    | .\ ___  _ _ <_> ___ | __><_>._ _  ___ ._ _  ___  ___ 
    |  _// ._>| '_>| ||___|| _> | || ' |<_> || ' |/ | '/ ._>
    |_|  \___.|_|  |_|     |_|  |_||_|_|<___||_|_|\_|_.\___.
    
* PeriFinance: PeriFinanceToEthereum.sol
*
* Latest source (may be newer): https://github.com/perifinance/peri-finance/blob/master/contracts/PeriFinanceToEthereum.sol
* Docs: Will be added in the future. 
* https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/PeriFinanceToEthereum
*
* Contract Dependencies: 
*	- BasePeriFinance
*	- ExternStateToken
*	- IAddressResolver
*	- IERC20
*	- IPeriFinance
*	- MixinResolver
*	- Owned
*	- PeriFinance
*	- Proxyable
*	- State
* Libraries: 
*	- SafeDecimalMath
*	- SafeMath
*	- VestingEntries
*
* MIT License
* ===========
*
* Copyright (c) 2021 PeriFinance
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
*/



pragma solidity 0.5.16;

// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/ierc20
interface IERC20 {
    // ERC20 Optional Views
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);

    // Views
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);

    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);

    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) external returns (bool);

    // Events
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);

    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/owned
contract Owned {
    address public owner;
    address public nominatedOwner;

    constructor(address _owner) public {
        require(_owner != address(0), "Owner address cannot be 0");
        owner = _owner;
        emit OwnerChanged(address(0), _owner);
    }

    function nominateNewOwner(address _owner) external onlyOwner {
        nominatedOwner = _owner;
        emit OwnerNominated(_owner);
    }

    function acceptOwnership() external {
        require(msg.sender == nominatedOwner, "You must be nominated before you can accept ownership");
        emit OwnerChanged(owner, nominatedOwner);
        owner = nominatedOwner;
        nominatedOwner = address(0);
    }

    modifier onlyOwner {
        _onlyOwner();
        _;
    }

    function _onlyOwner() private view {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the contract owner may perform this action");
    }

    event OwnerNominated(address newOwner);
    event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);
}


// Inheritance


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/proxy
contract Proxy is Owned {
    Proxyable public target;

    constructor(address _owner) public Owned(_owner) {}

    function setTarget(Proxyable _target) external onlyOwner {
        target = _target;
        emit TargetUpdated(_target);
    }

    function _emit(
        bytes calldata callData,
        uint numTopics,
        bytes32 topic1,
        bytes32 topic2,
        bytes32 topic3,
        bytes32 topic4
    ) external onlyTarget {
        uint size = callData.length;
        bytes memory _callData = callData;

        assembly {
            /* The first 32 bytes of callData contain its length (as specified by the abi).
             * Length is assumed to be a uint256 and therefore maximum of 32 bytes
             * in length. It is also leftpadded to be a multiple of 32 bytes.
             * This means moving call_data across 32 bytes guarantees we correctly access
             * the data itself. */
            switch numTopics
                case 0 {
                    log0(add(_callData, 32), size)
                }
                case 1 {
                    log1(add(_callData, 32), size, topic1)
                }
                case 2 {
                    log2(add(_callData, 32), size, topic1, topic2)
                }
                case 3 {
                    log3(add(_callData, 32), size, topic1, topic2, topic3)
                }
                case 4 {
                    log4(add(_callData, 32), size, topic1, topic2, topic3, topic4)
                }
        }
    }

    // solhint-disable no-complex-fallback
    function() external payable {
        // Mutable call setting Proxyable.messageSender as this is using call not delegatecall
        target.setMessageSender(msg.sender);

        assembly {
            let free_ptr := mload(0x40)
            calldatacopy(free_ptr, 0, calldatasize)

            /* We must explicitly forward ether to the underlying contract as well. */
            let result := call(gas, sload(target_slot), callvalue, free_ptr, calldatasize, 0, 0)
            returndatacopy(free_ptr, 0, returndatasize)

            if iszero(result) {
                revert(free_ptr, returndatasize)
            }
            return(free_ptr, returndatasize)
        }
    }

    modifier onlyTarget {
        require(Proxyable(msg.sender) == target, "Must be proxy target");
        _;
    }

    event TargetUpdated(Proxyable newTarget);
}


// Inheritance


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/proxyable
contract Proxyable is Owned {
    // This contract should be treated like an abstract contract

    /* The proxy this contract exists behind. */
    Proxy public proxy;
    Proxy public integrationProxy;

    /* The caller of the proxy, passed through to this contract.
     * Note that every function using this member must apply the onlyProxy or
     * optionalProxy modifiers, otherwise their invocations can use stale values. */
    address public messageSender;

    constructor(address payable _proxy) internal {
        // This contract is abstract, and thus cannot be instantiated directly
        require(owner != address(0), "Owner must be set");

        proxy = Proxy(_proxy);
        emit ProxyUpdated(_proxy);
    }

    function setProxy(address payable _proxy) external onlyOwner {
        proxy = Proxy(_proxy);
        emit ProxyUpdated(_proxy);
    }

    function setIntegrationProxy(address payable _integrationProxy) external onlyOwner {
        integrationProxy = Proxy(_integrationProxy);
    }

    function setMessageSender(address sender) external onlyProxy {
        messageSender = sender;
    }

    modifier onlyProxy {
        _onlyProxy();
        _;
    }

    function _onlyProxy() private view {
        require(Proxy(msg.sender) == proxy || Proxy(msg.sender) == integrationProxy, "Only the proxy can call");
    }

    modifier optionalProxy {
        _optionalProxy();
        _;
    }

    function _optionalProxy() private {
        if (Proxy(msg.sender) != proxy && Proxy(msg.sender) != integrationProxy && messageSender != msg.sender) {
            messageSender = msg.sender;
        }
    }

    modifier optionalProxy_onlyOwner {
        _optionalProxy_onlyOwner();
        _;
    }

    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function _optionalProxy_onlyOwner() private {
        if (Proxy(msg.sender) != proxy && Proxy(msg.sender) != integrationProxy && messageSender != msg.sender) {
            messageSender = msg.sender;
        }
        require(messageSender == owner, "Owner only function");
    }

    event ProxyUpdated(address proxyAddress);
}


/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, "SafeMath: division by zero");
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
        return a % b;
    }
}


// Libraries


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/libraries/safedecimalmath
library SafeDecimalMath {
    using SafeMath for uint;

    /* Number of decimal places in the representations. */
    uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
    uint8 public constant highPrecisionDecimals = 27;

    /* The number representing 1.0. */
    uint public constant UNIT = 10**uint(decimals);

    /* The number representing 1.0 for higher fidelity numbers. */
    uint public constant PRECISE_UNIT = 10**uint(highPrecisionDecimals);
    uint private constant UNIT_TO_HIGH_PRECISION_CONVERSION_FACTOR = 10**uint(highPrecisionDecimals - decimals);

    /**
     * @return Provides an interface to UNIT.
     */
    function unit() external pure returns (uint) {
        return UNIT;
    }

    /**
     * @return Provides an interface to PRECISE_UNIT.
     */
    function preciseUnit() external pure returns (uint) {
        return PRECISE_UNIT;
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of multiplying x and y, interpreting the operands as fixed-point
     * decimals.
     *
     * @dev A unit factor is divided out after the product of x and y is evaluated,
     * so that product must be less than 2**256. As this is an integer division,
     * the internal division always rounds down. This helps save on gas. Rounding
     * is more expensive on gas.
     */
    function multiplyDecimal(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        /* Divide by UNIT to remove the extra factor introduced by the product. */
        return x.mul(y) / UNIT;
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely multiplying x and y, interpreting the operands
     * as fixed-point decimals of the specified precision unit.
     *
     * @dev The operands should be in the form of a the specified unit factor which will be
     * divided out after the product of x and y is evaluated, so that product must be
     * less than 2**256.
     *
     * Unlike multiplyDecimal, this function rounds the result to the nearest increment.
     * Rounding is useful when you need to retain fidelity for small decimal numbers
     * (eg. small fractions or percentages).
     */
    function _multiplyDecimalRound(
        uint x,
        uint y,
        uint precisionUnit
    ) private pure returns (uint) {
        /* Divide by UNIT to remove the extra factor introduced by the product. */
        uint quotientTimesTen = x.mul(y) / (precisionUnit / 10);

        if (quotientTimesTen % 10 >= 5) {
            quotientTimesTen += 10;
        }

        return quotientTimesTen / 10;
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely multiplying x and y, interpreting the operands
     * as fixed-point decimals of a precise unit.
     *
     * @dev The operands should be in the precise unit factor which will be
     * divided out after the product of x and y is evaluated, so that product must be
     * less than 2**256.
     *
     * Unlike multiplyDecimal, this function rounds the result to the nearest increment.
     * Rounding is useful when you need to retain fidelity for small decimal numbers
     * (eg. small fractions or percentages).
     */
    function multiplyDecimalRoundPrecise(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return _multiplyDecimalRound(x, y, PRECISE_UNIT);
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely multiplying x and y, interpreting the operands
     * as fixed-point decimals of a standard unit.
     *
     * @dev The operands should be in the standard unit factor which will be
     * divided out after the product of x and y is evaluated, so that product must be
     * less than 2**256.
     *
     * Unlike multiplyDecimal, this function rounds the result to the nearest increment.
     * Rounding is useful when you need to retain fidelity for small decimal numbers
     * (eg. small fractions or percentages).
     */
    function multiplyDecimalRound(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return _multiplyDecimalRound(x, y, UNIT);
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely dividing x and y. The return value is a high
     * precision decimal.
     *
     * @dev y is divided after the product of x and the standard precision unit
     * is evaluated, so the product of x and UNIT must be less than 2**256. As
     * this is an integer division, the result is always rounded down.
     * This helps save on gas. Rounding is more expensive on gas.
     */
    function divideDecimal(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        /* Reintroduce the UNIT factor that will be divided out by y. */
        return x.mul(UNIT).div(y);
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely dividing x and y. The return value is as a rounded
     * decimal in the precision unit specified in the parameter.
     *
     * @dev y is divided after the product of x and the specified precision unit
     * is evaluated, so the product of x and the specified precision unit must
     * be less than 2**256. The result is rounded to the nearest increment.
     */
    function _divideDecimalRound(
        uint x,
        uint y,
        uint precisionUnit
    ) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint resultTimesTen = x.mul(precisionUnit * 10).div(y);

        if (resultTimesTen % 10 >= 5) {
            resultTimesTen += 10;
        }

        return resultTimesTen / 10;
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely dividing x and y. The return value is as a rounded
     * standard precision decimal.
     *
     * @dev y is divided after the product of x and the standard precision unit
     * is evaluated, so the product of x and the standard precision unit must
     * be less than 2**256. The result is rounded to the nearest increment.
     */
    function divideDecimalRound(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return _divideDecimalRound(x, y, UNIT);
    }

    /**
     * @return The result of safely dividing x and y. The return value is as a rounded
     * high precision decimal.
     *
     * @dev y is divided after the product of x and the high precision unit
     * is evaluated, so the product of x and the high precision unit must
     * be less than 2**256. The result is rounded to the nearest increment.
     */
    function divideDecimalRoundPrecise(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return _divideDecimalRound(x, y, PRECISE_UNIT);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Convert a standard decimal representation to a high precision one.
     */
    function decimalToPreciseDecimal(uint i) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return i.mul(UNIT_TO_HIGH_PRECISION_CONVERSION_FACTOR);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Convert a high precision decimal to a standard decimal representation.
     */
    function preciseDecimalToDecimal(uint i) internal pure returns (uint) {
        uint quotientTimesTen = i / (UNIT_TO_HIGH_PRECISION_CONVERSION_FACTOR / 10);

        if (quotientTimesTen % 10 >= 5) {
            quotientTimesTen += 10;
        }

        return quotientTimesTen / 10;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Round down the value with given number
     */
    function roundDownDecimal(uint x, uint d) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return x.div(10**d).mul(10**d);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Round up the value with given number
     */
    function roundUpDecimal(uint x, uint d) internal pure returns (uint) {
        uint _decimal = 10**d;

        if (x % _decimal > 0) {
            x = x.add(10**d);
        }

        return x.div(_decimal).mul(_decimal);
    }
}


// Inheritance


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/state
contract State is Owned {
    // the address of the contract that can modify variables
    // this can only be changed by the owner of this contract
    address public associatedContract;

    constructor(address _associatedContract) internal {
        // This contract is abstract, and thus cannot be instantiated directly
        require(owner != address(0), "Owner must be set");

        associatedContract = _associatedContract;
        emit AssociatedContractUpdated(_associatedContract);
    }

    /* ========== SETTERS ========== */

    // Change the associated contract to a new address
    function setAssociatedContract(address _associatedContract) external onlyOwner {
        associatedContract = _associatedContract;
        emit AssociatedContractUpdated(_associatedContract);
    }

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyAssociatedContract {
        require(msg.sender == associatedContract, "Only the associated contract can perform this action");
        _;
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    event AssociatedContractUpdated(address associatedContract);
}


// Inheritance


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/tokenstate
contract TokenState is Owned, State {
    /* ERC20 fields. */
    mapping(address => uint) public balanceOf;
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint)) public allowance;

    constructor(address _owner, address _associatedContract) public Owned(_owner) State(_associatedContract) {}

    /* ========== SETTERS ========== */

    /**
     * @notice Set ERC20 allowance.
     * @dev Only the associated contract may call this.
     * @param tokenOwner The authorising party.
     * @param spender The authorised party.
     * @param value The total value the authorised party may spend on the
     * authorising party's behalf.
     */
    function setAllowance(
        address tokenOwner,
        address spender,
        uint value
    ) external onlyAssociatedContract {
        allowance[tokenOwner][spender] = value;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the balance in a given account
     * @dev Only the associated contract may call this.
     * @param account The account whose value to set.
     * @param value The new balance of the given account.
     */
    function setBalanceOf(address account, uint value) external onlyAssociatedContract {
        balanceOf[account] = value;
    }
}


// Inheritance


// Libraries


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/externstatetoken
contract ExternStateToken is Owned, Proxyable {
    using SafeMath for uint;
    using SafeDecimalMath for uint;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */

    /* Stores balances and allowances. */
    TokenState public tokenState;

    /* Other ERC20 fields. */
    string public name;
    string public symbol;
    uint public totalSupply;
    uint8 public decimals;

    constructor(
        address payable _proxy,
        TokenState _tokenState,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        uint _totalSupply,
        uint8 _decimals,
        address _owner
    ) public Owned(_owner) Proxyable(_proxy) {
        tokenState = _tokenState;

        name = _name;
        symbol = _symbol;
        totalSupply = _totalSupply;
        decimals = _decimals;
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ERC20 allowance of one party to spend on behalf of another.
     * @param owner The party authorising spending of their funds.
     * @param spender The party spending tokenOwner's funds.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint) {
        return tokenState.allowance(owner, spender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ERC20 token balance of a given account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint) {
        return tokenState.balanceOf(account);
    }

    /* ========== MUTATIVE FUNCTIONS ========== */

    /**
     * @notice Set the address of the TokenState contract.
     * @dev This can be used to "pause" transfer functionality, by pointing the tokenState at 0x000..
     * as balances would be unreachable.
     */
    function setTokenState(TokenState _tokenState) external optionalProxy_onlyOwner {
        tokenState = _tokenState;
        emitTokenStateUpdated(address(_tokenState));
    }

    function _internalTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        /* Disallow transfers to irretrievable-addresses. */
        require(to != address(0) && to != address(this) && to != address(proxy), "Cannot transfer to this address");

        // Insufficient balance will be handled by the safe subtraction.
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(from, tokenState.balanceOf(from).sub(value));
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(to, tokenState.balanceOf(to).add(value));

        // Emit a standard ERC20 transfer event
        emitTransfer(from, to, value);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform an ERC20 token transfer. Designed to be called by transfer functions possessing
     * the onlyProxy or optionalProxy modifiers.
     */
    function _transferByProxy(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return _internalTransfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Perform an ERC20 token transferFrom. Designed to be called by transferFrom functions
     * possessing the optionalProxy or optionalProxy modifiers.
     */
    function _transferFromByProxy(
        address sender,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        /* Insufficient allowance will be handled by the safe subtraction. */
        tokenState.setAllowance(from, sender, tokenState.allowance(from, sender).sub(value));
        return _internalTransfer(from, to, value);
    }

    function _mintByProxy(address _minter, uint _value) internal returns (bool) {
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(_minter, tokenState.balanceOf(_minter).add(_value));

        emitTransfer(address(0), _minter, _value);

        return true;
    }

    function _burnByProxy(address _burner, uint _value) internal returns (bool) {
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(_burner, tokenState.balanceOf(_burner).sub(_value));

        emitTransfer(_burner, address(0), _value);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Approves spender to transfer on the message sender's behalf.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint value) public optionalProxy returns (bool) {
        address sender = messageSender;

        tokenState.setAllowance(sender, spender, value);
        emitApproval(sender, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */
    function addressToBytes32(address input) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(uint256(uint160(input)));
    }

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
    bytes32 internal constant TRANSFER_SIG = keccak256("Transfer(address,address,uint256)");

    function emitTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) internal {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(value), 3, TRANSFER_SIG, addressToBytes32(from), addressToBytes32(to), 0);
    }

    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    bytes32 internal constant APPROVAL_SIG = keccak256("Approval(address,address,uint256)");

    function emitApproval(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint value
    ) internal {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(value), 3, APPROVAL_SIG, addressToBytes32(owner), addressToBytes32(spender), 0);
    }

    event TokenStateUpdated(address newTokenState);
    bytes32 internal constant TOKENSTATEUPDATED_SIG = keccak256("TokenStateUpdated(address)");

    function emitTokenStateUpdated(address newTokenState) internal {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(newTokenState), 1, TOKENSTATEUPDATED_SIG, 0, 0, 0);
    }
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/iaddressresolver
interface IAddressResolver {
    function getAddress(bytes32 name) external view returns (address);

    function getPynth(bytes32 key) external view returns (address);

    function requireAndGetAddress(bytes32 name, string calldata reason) external view returns (address);
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/ipynth
interface IPynth {
    // Views
    function currencyKey() external view returns (bytes32);

    function transferablePynths(address account) external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function transferAndSettle(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFromAndSettle(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) external returns (bool);

    // Restricted: used internally to PeriFinance
    function burn(address account, uint amount) external;

    function issue(address account, uint amount) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/iissuer
interface IIssuer {
    // Views
    function anyPynthOrPERIRateIsInvalid() external view returns (bool anyRateInvalid);

    function availableCurrencyKeys() external view returns (bytes32[] memory);

    function availablePynthCount() external view returns (uint);

    function availablePynths(uint index) external view returns (IPynth);

    function canBurnPynths(address account) external view returns (bool);

    function collateral(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function collateralisationRatio(address issuer) external view returns (uint);

    function collateralisationRatioAndAnyRatesInvalid(address _issuer)
        external
        view
        returns (uint cratio, bool anyRateIsInvalid);

    function debtBalanceOf(address issuer, bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint debtBalance);

    function issuanceRatio() external view returns (uint);

    function externalTokenLimit() external view returns (uint);

    function lastIssueEvent(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function maxIssuablePynths(address issuer) external view returns (uint maxIssuable);

    function externalTokenQuota(
        address _account,
        uint _addtionalpUSD,
        uint _addtionalExToken,
        bool _isIssue
    ) external view returns (uint);

    function maxExternalTokenStakeAmount(address _account, bytes32 _currencyKey)
        external
        view
        returns (uint issueAmountToQuota, uint stakeAmountToQuota);

    function minimumStakeTime() external view returns (uint);

    function remainingIssuablePynths(address issuer)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint maxIssuable,
            uint alreadyIssued,
            uint totalSystemDebt
        );

    function pynths(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (IPynth);

    function getPynths(bytes32[] calldata currencyKeys) external view returns (IPynth[] memory);

    function pynthsByAddress(address pynthAddress) external view returns (bytes32);

    function totalIssuedPynths(bytes32 currencyKey, bool excludeEtherCollateral) external view returns (uint);

    function transferablePeriFinanceAndAnyRateIsInvalid(address account, uint balance)
        external
        view
        returns (uint transferable, bool anyRateIsInvalid);

    // Restricted: used internally to PeriFinance
    function issuePynths(
        address _issuer,
        bytes32 _currencyKey,
        uint _issueAmount
    ) external;

    function issueMaxPynths(address _issuer) external;

    function issuePynthsToMaxQuota(address _issuer, bytes32 _currencyKey) external;

    function burnPynths(
        address _from,
        bytes32 _currencyKey,
        uint _burnAmount
    ) external;

    function fitToClaimable(address _from) external;

    function exit(address _from) external;

    function liquidateDelinquentAccount(
        address account,
        uint pusdAmount,
        address liquidator
    ) external returns (uint totalRedeemed, uint amountToLiquidate);
}


// Inheritance


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/addressresolver
contract AddressResolver is Owned, IAddressResolver {
    mapping(bytes32 => address) public repository;

    constructor(address _owner) public Owned(_owner) {}

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function importAddresses(bytes32[] calldata names, address[] calldata destinations) external onlyOwner {
        require(names.length == destinations.length, "Input lengths must match");

        for (uint i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
            bytes32 name = names[i];
            address destination = destinations[i];
            repository[name] = destination;
            emit AddressImported(name, destination);
        }
    }

    /* ========= PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function rebuildCaches(MixinResolver[] calldata destinations) external {
        for (uint i = 0; i < destinations.length; i++) {
            destinations[i].rebuildCache();
        }
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    function areAddressesImported(bytes32[] calldata names, address[] calldata destinations) external view returns (bool) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
            if (repository[names[i]] != destinations[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    function getAddress(bytes32 name) external view returns (address) {
        return repository[name];
    }

    function requireAndGetAddress(bytes32 name, string calldata reason) external view returns (address) {
        address _foundAddress = repository[name];
        require(_foundAddress != address(0), reason);
        return _foundAddress;
    }

    function getPynth(bytes32 key) external view returns (address) {
        IIssuer issuer = IIssuer(repository["Issuer"]);
        require(address(issuer) != address(0), "Cannot find Issuer address");
        return address(issuer.pynths(key));
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    event AddressImported(bytes32 name, address destination);
}


// solhint-disable payable-fallback

// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/readproxy
contract ReadProxy is Owned {
    address public target;

    constructor(address _owner) public Owned(_owner) {}

    function setTarget(address _target) external onlyOwner {
        target = _target;
        emit TargetUpdated(target);
    }

    function() external {
        // The basics of a proxy read call
        // Note that msg.sender in the underlying will always be the address of this contract.
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize)

            // Use of staticcall - this will revert if the underlying function mutates state
            let result := staticcall(gas, sload(target_slot), 0, calldatasize, 0, 0)
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize)

            if iszero(result) {
                revert(0, returndatasize)
            }
            return(0, returndatasize)
        }
    }

    event TargetUpdated(address newTarget);
}


// Inheritance


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/mixinresolver
contract MixinResolver {
    AddressResolver public resolver;

    mapping(bytes32 => address) private addressCache;

    constructor(address _resolver) internal {
        resolver = AddressResolver(_resolver);
    }

    /* ========== INTERNAL FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function combineArrays(bytes32[] memory first, bytes32[] memory second)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[] memory combination)
    {
        combination = new bytes32[](first.length + second.length);

        for (uint i = 0; i < first.length; i++) {
            combination[i] = first[i];
        }

        for (uint j = 0; j < second.length; j++) {
            combination[first.length + j] = second[j];
        }
    }

    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

    // Note: this function is public not external in order for it to be overridden and invoked via super in subclasses
    function resolverAddressesRequired() public view returns (bytes32[] memory addresses) {}

    function rebuildCache() public {
        bytes32[] memory requiredAddresses = resolverAddressesRequired();
        // The resolver must call this function whenver it updates its state
        for (uint i = 0; i < requiredAddresses.length; i++) {
            bytes32 name = requiredAddresses[i];
            // Note: can only be invoked once the resolver has all the targets needed added
            address destination =
                resolver.requireAndGetAddress(name, string(abi.encodePacked("Resolver missing target: ", name)));
            addressCache[name] = destination;
            emit CacheUpdated(name, destination);
        }
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    function isResolverCached() external view returns (bool) {
        bytes32[] memory requiredAddresses = resolverAddressesRequired();
        for (uint i = 0; i < requiredAddresses.length; i++) {
            bytes32 name = requiredAddresses[i];
            // false if our cache is invalid or if the resolver doesn't have the required address
            if (resolver.getAddress(name) != addressCache[name] || addressCache[name] == address(0)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /* ========== INTERNAL FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function requireAndGetAddress(bytes32 name) internal view returns (address) {
        address _foundAddress = addressCache[name];
        require(_foundAddress != address(0), string(abi.encodePacked("Missing address: ", name)));
        return _foundAddress;
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    event CacheUpdated(bytes32 name, address destination);
}


interface IVirtualPynth {
    // Views
    function balanceOfUnderlying(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function rate() external view returns (uint);

    function readyToSettle() external view returns (bool);

    function secsLeftInWaitingPeriod() external view returns (uint);

    function settled() external view returns (bool);

    function pynth() external view returns (IPynth);

    // Mutative functions
    function settle(address account) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/iperiFinance
interface IPeriFinance {
    // Views
    function getRequiredAddress(bytes32 contractName) external view returns (address);

    function anyPynthOrPERIRateIsInvalid() external view returns (bool anyRateInvalid);

    function availableCurrencyKeys() external view returns (bytes32[] memory);

    function availablePynthCount() external view returns (uint);

    function availablePynths(uint index) external view returns (IPynth);

    function collateral(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function collateralisationRatio(address issuer) external view returns (uint);

    function debtBalanceOf(address issuer, bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint);

    function isWaitingPeriod(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool);

    function maxIssuablePynths(address issuer) external view returns (uint maxIssuable);

    function externalTokenQuota(
        address _account,
        uint _additionalpUSD,
        uint _additionalExToken,
        bool _isIssue
    ) external view returns (uint);

    function remainingIssuablePynths(address issuer)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint maxIssuable,
            uint alreadyIssued,
            uint totalSystemDebt
        );

    function maxExternalTokenStakeAmount(address _account, bytes32 _currencyKey)
        external
        view
        returns (uint issueAmountToQuota, uint stakeAmountToQuota);

    function pynths(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (IPynth);

    function pynthsByAddress(address pynthAddress) external view returns (bytes32);

    function totalIssuedPynths(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint);

    function totalIssuedPynthsExcludeEtherCollateral(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint);

    function transferablePeriFinance(address account) external view returns (uint transferable);

    // Mutative Functions
    function issuePynths(bytes32 _currencyKey, uint _issueAmount) external;

    function issueMaxPynths() external;

    function issuePynthsToMaxQuota(bytes32 _currencyKey) external;

    function burnPynths(bytes32 _currencyKey, uint _burnAmount) external;

    function fitToClaimable() external;

    function exit() external;

    function exchange(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeOnBehalf(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeWithTracking(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeOnBehalfWithTracking(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeWithVirtual(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived, IVirtualPynth vPynth);

    function mint(address _user, uint _amount) external returns (bool);

    function inflationalMint(uint _networkDebtShare) external returns (bool);

    function settle(bytes32 currencyKey)
        external
        returns (
            uint reclaimed,
            uint refunded,
            uint numEntries
        );

    // Liquidations
    function liquidateDelinquentAccount(address account, uint pusdAmount) external returns (bool);

    // Restricted Functions

    function mintSecondary(address account, uint amount) external;

    function mintSecondaryRewards(uint amount) external;

    function burnSecondary(address account, uint amount) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/iperiFinancestate
interface IPeriFinanceState {
    // Views
    function debtLedger(uint index) external view returns (uint);

    function issuanceData(address account) external view returns (uint initialDebtOwnership, uint debtEntryIndex);

    function debtLedgerLength() external view returns (uint);

    function hasIssued(address account) external view returns (bool);

    function lastDebtLedgerEntry() external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function incrementTotalIssuerCount() external;

    function decrementTotalIssuerCount() external;

    function setCurrentIssuanceData(address account, uint initialDebtOwnership) external;

    function appendDebtLedgerValue(uint value) external;

    function clearIssuanceData(address account) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/isystemstatus
interface ISystemStatus {
    struct Status {
        bool canSuspend;
        bool canResume;
    }

    struct Suspension {
        bool suspended;
        // reason is an integer code,
        // 0 => no reason, 1 => upgrading, 2+ => defined by system usage
        uint248 reason;
    }

    // Views
    function accessControl(bytes32 section, address account) external view returns (bool canSuspend, bool canResume);

    function requireSystemActive() external view;

    function requireIssuanceActive() external view;

    function requireExchangeActive() external view;

    function requireExchangeBetweenPynthsAllowed(bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey, bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey) external view;

    function requirePynthActive(bytes32 currencyKey) external view;

    function requirePynthsActive(bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey, bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey) external view;

    function systemSuspension() external view returns (bool suspended, uint248 reason);

    function issuanceSuspension() external view returns (bool suspended, uint248 reason);

    function exchangeSuspension() external view returns (bool suspended, uint248 reason);

    function pynthExchangeSuspension(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool suspended, uint248 reason);

    function pynthSuspension(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool suspended, uint248 reason);

    function getPynthExchangeSuspensions(bytes32[] calldata pynths)
        external
        view
        returns (bool[] memory exchangeSuspensions, uint256[] memory reasons);

    function getPynthSuspensions(bytes32[] calldata pynths)
        external
        view
        returns (bool[] memory suspensions, uint256[] memory reasons);

    // Restricted functions
    function suspendPynth(bytes32 currencyKey, uint256 reason) external;

    function updateAccessControl(
        bytes32 section,
        address account,
        bool canSuspend,
        bool canResume
    ) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/iexchanger
interface IExchanger {
    // Views
    function calculateAmountAfterSettlement(
        address from,
        bytes32 currencyKey,
        uint amount,
        uint refunded
    ) external view returns (uint amountAfterSettlement);

    function isPynthRateInvalid(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool);

    function maxSecsLeftInWaitingPeriod(address account, bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint);

    function settlementOwing(address account, bytes32 currencyKey)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint reclaimAmount,
            uint rebateAmount,
            uint numEntries
        );

    function hasWaitingPeriodOrSettlementOwing(address account, bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool);

    function feeRateForExchange(bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey, bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey)
        external
        view
        returns (uint exchangeFeeRate);

    function getAmountsForExchange(
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    )
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint amountReceived,
            uint fee,
            uint exchangeFeeRate
        );

    function priceDeviationThresholdFactor() external view returns (uint);

    function waitingPeriodSecs() external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function exchange(
        address from,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address destinationAddress
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeOnBehalf(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        address from,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeWithTracking(
        address from,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address destinationAddress,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeOnBehalfWithTracking(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        address from,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived);

    function exchangeWithVirtual(
        address from,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address destinationAddress,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    ) external returns (uint amountReceived, IVirtualPynth vPynth);

    function settle(address from, bytes32 currencyKey)
        external
        returns (
            uint reclaimed,
            uint refunded,
            uint numEntries
        );

    function setLastExchangeRateForPynth(bytes32 currencyKey, uint rate) external;

    function suspendPynthWithInvalidRate(bytes32 currencyKey) external;
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/irewardsdistribution
interface IRewardsDistribution {
    // Structs
    struct DistributionData {
        address destination;
        uint amount;
    }

    // Views
    function authority() external view returns (address);

    function distributions(uint index) external view returns (address destination, uint amount); // DistributionData

    function distributionsLength() external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative Functions
    function distributeRewards(uint amount) external returns (bool);
}


// Inheritance


// Libraries


// Internal references


interface IBlacklistManager {
    function flagged(address _account) external view returns (bool);
}

contract BasePeriFinance is IERC20, ExternStateToken, MixinResolver, IPeriFinance {
    using SafeMath for uint;
    using SafeDecimalMath for uint;

    // ========== STATE VARIABLES ==========

    // Available Pynths which can be used with the system
    string public constant TOKEN_NAME = "Peri Finance Token";
    string public constant TOKEN_SYMBOL = "PERI";
    uint8 public constant DECIMALS = 18;
    bytes32 public constant pUSD = "pUSD";

    // ========== ADDRESS RESOLVER CONFIGURATION ==========
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_PERIFINANCESTATE = "PeriFinanceState";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_SYSTEMSTATUS = "SystemStatus";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_EXCHANGER = "Exchanger";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_ISSUER = "Issuer";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_REWARDSDISTRIBUTION = "RewardsDistribution";

    IBlacklistManager public blacklistManager;

    // ========== CONSTRUCTOR ==========

    constructor(
        address payable _proxy,
        TokenState _tokenState,
        address _owner,
        uint _totalSupply,
        address _resolver,
        address _blacklistManager
    )
        public
        ExternStateToken(_proxy, _tokenState, TOKEN_NAME, TOKEN_SYMBOL, _totalSupply, DECIMALS, _owner)
        MixinResolver(_resolver)
    {
        blacklistManager = IBlacklistManager(_blacklistManager);
    }

    // ========== VIEWS ==========

    // Note: use public visibility so that it can be invoked in a subclass
    function resolverAddressesRequired() public view returns (bytes32[] memory addresses) {
        addresses = new bytes32[](5);
        addresses[0] = CONTRACT_PERIFINANCESTATE;
        addresses[1] = CONTRACT_SYSTEMSTATUS;
        addresses[2] = CONTRACT_EXCHANGER;
        addresses[3] = CONTRACT_ISSUER;
        addresses[4] = CONTRACT_REWARDSDISTRIBUTION;
    }

    function periFinanceState() internal view returns (IPeriFinanceState) {
        return IPeriFinanceState(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_PERIFINANCESTATE));
    }

    function systemStatus() internal view returns (ISystemStatus) {
        return ISystemStatus(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_SYSTEMSTATUS));
    }

    function exchanger() internal view returns (IExchanger) {
        return IExchanger(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_EXCHANGER));
    }

    function issuer() internal view returns (IIssuer) {
        return IIssuer(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_ISSUER));
    }

    function rewardsDistribution() internal view returns (IRewardsDistribution) {
        return IRewardsDistribution(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_REWARDSDISTRIBUTION));
    }

    function getRequiredAddress(bytes32 _contractName) external view returns (address) {
        return requireAndGetAddress(_contractName);
    }

    function debtBalanceOf(address account, bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().debtBalanceOf(account, currencyKey);
    }

    function totalIssuedPynths(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().totalIssuedPynths(currencyKey, false);
    }

    function totalIssuedPynthsExcludeEtherCollateral(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().totalIssuedPynths(currencyKey, true);
    }

    function availableCurrencyKeys() external view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return issuer().availableCurrencyKeys();
    }

    function availablePynthCount() external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().availablePynthCount();
    }

    function availablePynths(uint index) external view returns (IPynth) {
        return issuer().availablePynths(index);
    }

    function pynths(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (IPynth) {
        return issuer().pynths(currencyKey);
    }

    function pynthsByAddress(address pynthAddress) external view returns (bytes32) {
        return issuer().pynthsByAddress(pynthAddress);
    }

    function isWaitingPeriod(bytes32 currencyKey) external view returns (bool) {
        return exchanger().maxSecsLeftInWaitingPeriod(messageSender, currencyKey) > 0;
    }

    function anyPynthOrPERIRateIsInvalid() external view returns (bool anyRateInvalid) {
        return issuer().anyPynthOrPERIRateIsInvalid();
    }

    function maxIssuablePynths(address account) external view returns (uint maxIssuable) {
        return issuer().maxIssuablePynths(account);
    }

    function externalTokenQuota(
        address _account,
        uint _additionalpUSD,
        uint _additionalExToken,
        bool _isIssue
    ) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().externalTokenQuota(_account, _additionalpUSD, _additionalExToken, _isIssue);
    }

    function remainingIssuablePynths(address account)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint maxIssuable,
            uint alreadyIssued,
            uint totalSystemDebt
        )
    {
        return issuer().remainingIssuablePynths(account);
    }

    function maxExternalTokenStakeAmount(address _account, bytes32 _currencyKey)
        external
        view
        returns (uint issueAmountToQuota, uint stakeAmountToQuota)
    {
        return issuer().maxExternalTokenStakeAmount(_account, _currencyKey);
    }

    function collateralisationRatio(address _issuer) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().collateralisationRatio(_issuer);
    }

    function collateral(address account) external view returns (uint) {
        return issuer().collateral(account);
    }

    function transferablePeriFinance(address account) external view returns (uint transferable) {
        (transferable, ) = issuer().transferablePeriFinanceAndAnyRateIsInvalid(account, tokenState.balanceOf(account));
    }

    function _canTransfer(address account, uint value) internal view returns (bool) {
        (uint initialDebtOwnership, ) = periFinanceState().issuanceData(account);

        if (initialDebtOwnership > 0) {
            (uint transferable, bool anyRateIsInvalid) =
                issuer().transferablePeriFinanceAndAnyRateIsInvalid(account, tokenState.balanceOf(account));
            require(value <= transferable, "Cannot transfer staked or escrowed PERI");
            require(!anyRateIsInvalid, "A pynth or PERI rate is invalid");
        }
        return true;
    }

    // ========== MUTATIVE FUNCTIONS ==========

    function setBlacklistManager(address _blacklistManager) external onlyOwner {
        require(_blacklistManager != address(0), "address cannot be empty");

        blacklistManager = IBlacklistManager(_blacklistManager);
    }

    function exchange(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    )
        external
        exchangeActive(sourceCurrencyKey, destinationCurrencyKey)
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (uint amountReceived)
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return exchanger().exchange(messageSender, sourceCurrencyKey, sourceAmount, destinationCurrencyKey, messageSender);
    }

    function exchangeOnBehalf(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey
    )
        external
        exchangeActive(sourceCurrencyKey, destinationCurrencyKey)
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        blacklisted(exchangeForAddress)
        returns (uint amountReceived)
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return
            exchanger().exchangeOnBehalf(
                exchangeForAddress,
                messageSender,
                sourceCurrencyKey,
                sourceAmount,
                destinationCurrencyKey
            );
    }

    function settle(bytes32 currencyKey)
        external
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (
            uint reclaimed,
            uint refunded,
            uint numEntriesSettled
        )
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return exchanger().settle(messageSender, currencyKey);
    }

    function exchangeWithTracking(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    )
        external
        exchangeActive(sourceCurrencyKey, destinationCurrencyKey)
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (uint amountReceived)
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return
            exchanger().exchangeWithTracking(
                messageSender,
                sourceCurrencyKey,
                sourceAmount,
                destinationCurrencyKey,
                messageSender,
                originator,
                trackingCode
            );
    }

    function exchangeOnBehalfWithTracking(
        address exchangeForAddress,
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        address originator,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    )
        external
        exchangeActive(sourceCurrencyKey, destinationCurrencyKey)
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        blacklisted(exchangeForAddress)
        returns (uint amountReceived)
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return
            exchanger().exchangeOnBehalfWithTracking(
                exchangeForAddress,
                messageSender,
                sourceCurrencyKey,
                sourceAmount,
                destinationCurrencyKey,
                originator,
                trackingCode
            );
    }

    function transfer(address to, uint value) external optionalProxy systemActive blacklisted(messageSender) returns (bool) {
        // Ensure they're not trying to exceed their locked amount -- only if they have debt.
        _canTransfer(messageSender, value);

        // Perform the transfer: if there is a problem an exception will be thrown in this call.
        _transferByProxy(messageSender, to, value);

        return true;
    }

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint value
    ) external optionalProxy systemActive blacklisted(messageSender) blacklisted(from) returns (bool) {
        // Ensure they're not trying to exceed their locked amount -- only if they have debt.
        _canTransfer(from, value);

        // Perform the transfer: if there is a problem,
        // an exception will be thrown in this call.
        return _transferFromByProxy(messageSender, from, to, value);
    }

    function issuePynths(bytes32 _currencyKey, uint _issueAmount)
        external
        issuanceActive
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
    {
        issuer().issuePynths(messageSender, _currencyKey, _issueAmount);
    }

    function issueMaxPynths() external issuanceActive optionalProxy blacklisted(messageSender) {
        issuer().issueMaxPynths(messageSender);
    }

    function issuePynthsToMaxQuota(bytes32 _currencyKey) external issuanceActive optionalProxy blacklisted(messageSender) {
        issuer().issuePynthsToMaxQuota(messageSender, _currencyKey);
    }

    function burnPynths(bytes32 _currencyKey, uint _burnAmount)
        external
        issuanceActive
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
    {
        issuer().burnPynths(messageSender, _currencyKey, _burnAmount);
    }

    function fitToClaimable() external issuanceActive optionalProxy blacklisted(messageSender) {
        issuer().fitToClaimable(messageSender);
    }

    function exit() external issuanceActive optionalProxy blacklisted(messageSender) {
        issuer().exit(messageSender);
    }

    function exchangeWithVirtual(
        bytes32,
        uint,
        bytes32,
        bytes32
    ) external returns (uint, IVirtualPynth) {
        _notImplemented();
    }

    function liquidateDelinquentAccount(address, uint) external returns (bool) {
        _notImplemented();
    }

    function mintSecondary(address, uint) external {
        _notImplemented();
    }

    function mintSecondaryRewards(uint) external {
        _notImplemented();
    }

    function burnSecondary(address, uint) external {
        _notImplemented();
    }

    function _notImplemented() internal pure {
        revert("Cannot be run on this layer");
    }

    // ========== MODIFIERS ==========

    modifier systemActive() {
        _systemActive();
        _;
    }

    function _systemActive() private view {
        systemStatus().requireSystemActive();
    }

    modifier issuanceActive() {
        _issuanceActive();
        _;
    }

    function _issuanceActive() private view {
        systemStatus().requireIssuanceActive();
    }

    function _blacklisted(address _account) private view {
        require(address(blacklistManager) != address(0), "Required contract is not set yet");
        require(!blacklistManager.flagged(_account), "Account is on blacklist");
    }

    modifier blacklisted(address _account) {
        _blacklisted(_account);
        _;
    }

    modifier exchangeActive(bytes32 src, bytes32 dest) {
        _exchangeActive(src, dest);
        _;
    }

    function _exchangeActive(bytes32 src, bytes32 dest) private view {
        systemStatus().requireExchangeBetweenPynthsAllowed(src, dest);
    }

    modifier onlyExchanger() {
        _onlyExchanger();
        _;
    }

    function _onlyExchanger() private view {
        require(msg.sender == address(exchanger()), "Only Exchanger can invoke this");
    }

    // ========== EVENTS ==========
    event PynthExchange(
        address indexed account,
        bytes32 fromCurrencyKey,
        uint256 fromAmount,
        bytes32 toCurrencyKey,
        uint256 toAmount,
        address toAddress
    );
    bytes32 internal constant PYNTHEXCHANGE_SIG =
        keccak256("PynthExchange(address,bytes32,uint256,bytes32,uint256,address)");

    function emitPynthExchange(
        address account,
        bytes32 fromCurrencyKey,
        uint256 fromAmount,
        bytes32 toCurrencyKey,
        uint256 toAmount,
        address toAddress
    ) external onlyExchanger {
        proxy._emit(
            abi.encode(fromCurrencyKey, fromAmount, toCurrencyKey, toAmount, toAddress),
            2,
            PYNTHEXCHANGE_SIG,
            addressToBytes32(account),
            0,
            0
        );
    }

    event ExchangeTracking(bytes32 indexed trackingCode, bytes32 toCurrencyKey, uint256 toAmount);
    bytes32 internal constant EXCHANGE_TRACKING_SIG = keccak256("ExchangeTracking(bytes32,bytes32,uint256)");

    function emitExchangeTracking(
        bytes32 trackingCode,
        bytes32 toCurrencyKey,
        uint256 toAmount
    ) external onlyExchanger {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(toCurrencyKey, toAmount), 2, EXCHANGE_TRACKING_SIG, trackingCode, 0, 0);
    }

    event ExchangeReclaim(address indexed account, bytes32 currencyKey, uint amount);
    bytes32 internal constant EXCHANGERECLAIM_SIG = keccak256("ExchangeReclaim(address,bytes32,uint256)");

    function emitExchangeReclaim(
        address account,
        bytes32 currencyKey,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyExchanger {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(currencyKey, amount), 2, EXCHANGERECLAIM_SIG, addressToBytes32(account), 0, 0);
    }

    event ExchangeRebate(address indexed account, bytes32 currencyKey, uint amount);
    bytes32 internal constant EXCHANGEREBATE_SIG = keccak256("ExchangeRebate(address,bytes32,uint256)");

    function emitExchangeRebate(
        address account,
        bytes32 currencyKey,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyExchanger {
        proxy._emit(abi.encode(currencyKey, amount), 2, EXCHANGEREBATE_SIG, addressToBytes32(account), 0, 0);
    }
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/irewardescrow
interface IRewardEscrow {
    // Views
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function numVestingEntries(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function totalEscrowedAccountBalance(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function totalVestedAccountBalance(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getVestingScheduleEntry(address account, uint index) external view returns (uint[2] memory);

    function getNextVestingIndex(address account) external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function appendVestingEntry(address account, uint quantity) external;

    function vest() external;
}


pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

library VestingEntries {
    struct VestingEntry {
        uint64 endTime;
        uint256 escrowAmount;
    }
    struct VestingEntryWithID {
        uint64 endTime;
        uint256 escrowAmount;
        uint256 entryID;
    }
}

interface IRewardEscrowV2 {
    // Views
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function numVestingEntries(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function totalEscrowedAccountBalance(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function totalVestedAccountBalance(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getVestingQuantity(address account, uint256[] calldata entryIDs) external view returns (uint);

    function getVestingSchedules(
        address account,
        uint256 index,
        uint256 pageSize
    ) external view returns (VestingEntries.VestingEntryWithID[] memory);

    function getAccountVestingEntryIDs(
        address account,
        uint256 index,
        uint256 pageSize
    ) external view returns (uint256[] memory);

    function getVestingEntryClaimable(address account, uint256 entryID) external view returns (uint);

    function getVestingEntry(address account, uint256 entryID) external view returns (uint64, uint256);

    // Mutative functions
    function vest(uint256[] calldata entryIDs) external;

    function createEscrowEntry(
        address beneficiary,
        uint256 deposit,
        uint256 duration
    ) external;

    function appendVestingEntry(
        address account,
        uint256 quantity,
        uint256 duration
    ) external;

    function migrateVestingSchedule(address _addressToMigrate) external;

    function migrateAccountEscrowBalances(
        address[] calldata accounts,
        uint256[] calldata escrowBalances,
        uint256[] calldata vestedBalances
    ) external;

    // Account Merging
    function startMergingWindow() external;

    function mergeAccount(address accountToMerge, uint256[] calldata entryIDs) external;

    function nominateAccountToMerge(address account) external;

    function accountMergingIsOpen() external view returns (bool);

    // L2 Migration
    function importVestingEntries(
        address account,
        uint256 escrowedAmount,
        VestingEntries.VestingEntry[] calldata vestingEntries
    ) external;

    // Return amount of PERI transfered to PeriFinanceBridgeToOptimism deposit contract
    function burnForMigration(address account, uint256[] calldata entryIDs)
        external
        returns (uint256 escrowedAccountBalance, VestingEntries.VestingEntry[] memory vestingEntries);
}


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/interfaces/isupplyschedule
interface ISupplySchedule {
    // Views
    function mintableSupply() external view returns (uint);

    function isMintable() external view returns (bool);

    function minterReward() external view returns (uint);

    // Mutative functions
    function recordMintEvent(uint supplyMinted) external returns (bool);
}


interface IBridgeState {
    // ----VIEWS

    function networkOpened(uint chainId) external view returns (bool);

    function accountOutboundings(
        address account,
        uint periodId,
        uint index
    ) external view returns (uint);

    function accountInboundings(address account, uint index) external view returns (uint);

    function inboundings(uint index)
        external
        view
        returns (
            address,
            uint,
            uint,
            uint,
            bool
        );

    function outboundings(uint index)
        external
        view
        returns (
            address,
            uint,
            uint,
            uint
        );

    function outboundPeriods(uint index)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint,
            uint,
            uint[] memory,
            bool
        );

    function outboundIdsToProcess(uint index) external view returns (uint);

    function numberOfOutboundPerPeriod() external view returns (uint);

    function periodDuration() external view returns (uint);

    function outboundingsLength() external view returns (uint);

    function inboundingsLength() external view returns (uint);

    function outboundIdsInPeriod(uint outboundPeriodId) external view returns (uint[] memory);

    function isOnRole(bytes32 roleKey, address account) external view returns (bool);

    function accountOutboundingsInPeriod(address _account, uint _period) external view returns (uint[] memory);

    function applicableInboundIds(address account) external view returns (uint[] memory);

    function outboundRequestIdsInPeriod(address account, uint periodId) external view returns (uint[] memory);

    function periodIdsToProcess() external view returns (uint[] memory);

    // ----MUTATIVES

    function appendOutboundingRequest(
        address account,
        uint amount,
        uint destChainIds
    ) external;

    function appendMultipleInboundingRequests(
        address[] calldata accounts,
        uint[] calldata amounts,
        uint[] calldata srcChainIds,
        uint[] calldata srcOutboundingIds
    ) external;

    function appendInboundingRequest(
        address account,
        uint amount,
        uint srcChainId,
        uint srcOutboundingId
    ) external;

    function claimInbound(uint index) external;
}


// Inheritance


// Internal references


// https://docs.peri.finance/contracts/source/contracts/periFinance
contract PeriFinance is BasePeriFinance {
    // ========== ADDRESS RESOLVER CONFIGURATION ==========
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_REWARD_ESCROW = "RewardEscrow";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_REWARDESCROW_V2 = "RewardEscrowV2";
    bytes32 private constant CONTRACT_SUPPLYSCHEDULE = "SupplySchedule";

    address public minterRole;
    address public inflationMinter;

    IBridgeState public bridgeState;

    // ========== CONSTRUCTOR ==========

    constructor(
        address payable _proxy,
        TokenState _tokenState,
        address _owner,
        uint _totalSupply,
        address _resolver,
        address _minterRole,
        address _blacklistManager
    ) public BasePeriFinance(_proxy, _tokenState, _owner, _totalSupply, _resolver, _blacklistManager) {
        minterRole = _minterRole;
    }

    function resolverAddressesRequired() public view returns (bytes32[] memory addresses) {
        bytes32[] memory existingAddresses = BasePeriFinance.resolverAddressesRequired();
        bytes32[] memory newAddresses = new bytes32[](3);
        newAddresses[0] = CONTRACT_REWARD_ESCROW;
        newAddresses[1] = CONTRACT_REWARDESCROW_V2;
        newAddresses[2] = CONTRACT_SUPPLYSCHEDULE;
        return combineArrays(existingAddresses, newAddresses);
    }

    // ========== VIEWS ==========

    function rewardEscrow() internal view returns (IRewardEscrow) {
        return IRewardEscrow(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_REWARD_ESCROW));
    }

    function rewardEscrowV2() internal view returns (IRewardEscrowV2) {
        return IRewardEscrowV2(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_REWARDESCROW_V2));
    }

    function supplySchedule() internal view returns (ISupplySchedule) {
        return ISupplySchedule(requireAndGetAddress(CONTRACT_SUPPLYSCHEDULE));
    }

    // ========== OVERRIDDEN FUNCTIONS ==========

    function exchangeWithVirtual(
        bytes32 sourceCurrencyKey,
        uint sourceAmount,
        bytes32 destinationCurrencyKey,
        bytes32 trackingCode
    )
        external
        exchangeActive(sourceCurrencyKey, destinationCurrencyKey)
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (uint amountReceived, IVirtualPynth vPynth)
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return
            exchanger().exchangeWithVirtual(
                messageSender,
                sourceCurrencyKey,
                sourceAmount,
                destinationCurrencyKey,
                messageSender,
                trackingCode
            );
    }

    function settle(bytes32 currencyKey)
        external
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (
            uint reclaimed,
            uint refunded,
            uint numEntriesSettled
        )
    {
        _notImplemented();
        return exchanger().settle(messageSender, currencyKey);
    }

    function inflationalMint(uint _networkDebtShare) external issuanceActive returns (bool) {
        require(msg.sender == inflationMinter, "Not allowed to mint");
        require(SafeDecimalMath.unit() >= _networkDebtShare, "Invalid network debt share");
        require(address(rewardsDistribution()) != address(0), "RewardsDistribution not set");

        ISupplySchedule _supplySchedule = supplySchedule();
        IRewardsDistribution _rewardsDistribution = rewardsDistribution();

        uint supplyToMint = _supplySchedule.mintableSupply();
        supplyToMint = supplyToMint.multiplyDecimal(_networkDebtShare);
        require(supplyToMint > 0, "No supply is mintable");

        // record minting event before mutation to token supply
        _supplySchedule.recordMintEvent(supplyToMint);

        // Set minted PERI balance to RewardEscrow's balance
        // Minus the minterReward and set balance of minter to add reward
        uint minterReward = _supplySchedule.minterReward();
        // Get the remainder
        uint amountToDistribute = supplyToMint.sub(minterReward);

        // Set the token balance to the RewardsDistribution contract
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(
            address(_rewardsDistribution),
            tokenState.balanceOf(address(_rewardsDistribution)).add(amountToDistribute)
        );
        emitTransfer(address(this), address(_rewardsDistribution), amountToDistribute);

        // Kick off the distribution of rewards
        _rewardsDistribution.distributeRewards(amountToDistribute);

        // Assign the minters reward.
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(msg.sender, tokenState.balanceOf(msg.sender).add(minterReward));
        emitTransfer(address(this), msg.sender, minterReward);

        totalSupply = totalSupply.add(supplyToMint);

        return true;
    }

    function mint(address _user, uint _amount) external optionalProxy returns (bool) {
        require(minterRole != address(0), "Mint is not available");
        require(minterRole == messageSender, "Caller is not allowed to mint");

        // It won't change totalsupply since it is only for bridge purpose.
        tokenState.setBalanceOf(_user, tokenState.balanceOf(_user).add(_amount));

        emitTransfer(address(0), _user, _amount);

        return true;
    }

    function liquidateDelinquentAccount(address account, uint pusdAmount)
        external
        systemActive
        optionalProxy
        blacklisted(messageSender)
        returns (bool)
    {
        _notImplemented();

        (uint totalRedeemed, uint amountLiquidated) =
            issuer().liquidateDelinquentAccount(account, pusdAmount, messageSender);

        emitAccountLiquidated(account, totalRedeemed, amountLiquidated, messageSender);

        // Transfer PERI redeemed to messageSender
        // Reverts if amount to redeem is more than balanceOf account, ie due to escrowed balance
        return _transferByProxy(account, messageSender, totalRedeemed);
    }

    // ------------- Bridge Experiment
    function overchainTransfer(uint _amount, uint _destChainId) external optionalProxy onlyTester {
        require(_amount > 0, "Cannot transfer zero");

        require(_burnByProxy(messageSender, _amount), "burning failed");

        bridgeState.appendOutboundingRequest(messageSender, _amount, _destChainId);
    }

    function claimAllBridgedAmounts() external optionalProxy onlyTester {
        uint[] memory applicableIds = bridgeState.applicableInboundIds(messageSender);

        require(applicableIds.length > 0, "No claimable");

        for (uint i = 0; i < applicableIds.length; i++) {
            _claimBridgedAmount(applicableIds[i]);
        }
    }

    function claimBridgedAmount(uint _index) external optionalProxy onlyTester {
        _claimBridgedAmount(_index);
    }

    function _claimBridgedAmount(uint _index) internal returns (bool) {
        // Validations are checked from bridge state
        (address account, uint amount, , , ) = bridgeState.inboundings(_index);

        require(account == messageSender, "Caller is not matched");

        bridgeState.claimInbound(_index);

        require(_mintByProxy(account, amount), "Mint failed");

        return true;
    }

    modifier onlyTester() {
        require(address(bridgeState) != address(0), "BridgeState is not set");

        bytes32 tester = "Tester";

        require(bridgeState.isOnRole(tester, messageSender), "Not tester");
        _;
    }

    /* Once off function for SIP-60 to migrate PERI balances in the RewardEscrow contract
     * To the new RewardEscrowV2 contract
     */
    function migrateEscrowBalanceToRewardEscrowV2() external onlyOwner {
        // Record balanceOf(RewardEscrow) contract
        uint rewardEscrowBalance = tokenState.balanceOf(address(rewardEscrow()));

        // transfer all of RewardEscrow's balance to RewardEscrowV2
        // _internalTransfer emits the transfer event
        _internalTransfer(address(rewardEscrow()), address(rewardEscrowV2()), rewardEscrowBalance);
    }

    function setMinterRole(address _newMinter) external onlyOwner {
        // If address is set to zero address, mint is not prohibited
        minterRole = _newMinter;
    }

    function setinflationMinter(address _newinflationMinter) external onlyOwner {
        inflationMinter = _newinflationMinter;
    }

    function setBridgeState(address _newBridgeState) external onlyOwner {
        bridgeState = IBridgeState(_newBridgeState);
    }

    // ========== EVENTS ==========
    event AccountLiquidated(address indexed account, uint periRedeemed, uint amountLiquidated, address liquidator);
    bytes32 internal constant ACCOUNTLIQUIDATED_SIG = keccak256("AccountLiquidated(address,uint256,uint256,address)");

    function emitAccountLiquidated(
        address account,
        uint256 periRedeemed,
        uint256 amountLiquidated,
        address liquidator
    ) internal {
        proxy._emit(
            abi.encode(periRedeemed, amountLiquidated, liquidator),
            2,
            ACCOUNTLIQUIDATED_SIG,
            addressToBytes32(account),
            0,
            0
        );
    }
}


contract PeriFinanceToEthereum is PeriFinance {
    constructor(
        address payable _proxy,
        TokenState _tokenState,
        address _owner,
        uint _totalSupply,
        address _resolver,
        address _minterRole,
        address _blacklistManager
    ) public PeriFinance(_proxy, _tokenState, _owner, _totalSupply, _resolver, _minterRole, _blacklistManager) {}
}