pragma solidity ^0.4.23;

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

/**
 * @title SafeMath
 * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
 */
library SafeMath {

  /**
  * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 c) {
    // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than asserting 'a' not being zero, but the
    // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
    // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
    if (a == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    c = a * b;
    assert(c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient.
  */
  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
    // uint256 c = a / b;
    // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
    return a / b;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Subtracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
  */
  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 c) {
    c = a + b;
    assert(c >= a);
    return c;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20Basic.sol

/**
 * @title ERC20Basic
 * @dev Simpler version of ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/179
 */
contract ERC20Basic {
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
  function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol

/**
 * @title ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
 */
contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
  function allowance(address owner, address spender)
    public view returns (uint256);

  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value)
    public returns (bool);

  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Approval(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed spender,
    uint256 value
  );
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/Crowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title Crowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale is a base contract for managing a token crowdsale,
 * allowing investors to purchase tokens with ether. This contract implements
 * such functionality in its most fundamental form and can be extended to provide additional
 * functionality and/or custom behavior.
 * The external interface represents the basic interface for purchasing tokens, and conform
 * the base architecture for crowdsales. They are *not* intended to be modified / overriden.
 * The internal interface conforms the extensible and modifiable surface of crowdsales. Override
 * the methods to add functionality. Consider using 'super' where appropiate to concatenate
 * behavior.
 */
contract Crowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  // The token being sold
  ERC20 public token;

  // Address where funds are collected
  address public wallet;

  // How many token units a buyer gets per wei.
  // The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible token unit.
  // So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a DetailedERC20 token with 3 decimals called TOK
  // 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
  uint256 public rate;

  // Amount of wei raised
  uint256 public weiRaised;

  /**
   * Event for token purchase logging
   * @param purchaser who paid for the tokens
   * @param beneficiary who got the tokens
   * @param value weis paid for purchase
   * @param amount amount of tokens purchased
   */
  event TokenPurchase(
    address indexed purchaser,
    address indexed beneficiary,
    uint256 value,
    uint256 amount
  );

  /**
   * @param _rate Number of token units a buyer gets per wei
   * @param _wallet Address where collected funds will be forwarded to
   * @param _token Address of the token being sold
   */
  constructor(uint256 _rate, address _wallet, ERC20 _token) public {
    require(_rate > 0);
    require(_wallet != address(0));
    require(_token != address(0));

    rate = _rate;
    wallet = _wallet;
    token = _token;
  }

  // -----------------------------------------
  // Crowdsale external interface
  // -----------------------------------------

  /**
   * @dev fallback function ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
   */
  function () external payable {
    buyTokens(msg.sender);
  }

  /**
   * @dev low level token purchase ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   */
  function buyTokens(address _beneficiary) public payable {

    uint256 weiAmount = msg.value;
    _preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, weiAmount);

    // calculate token amount to be created
    uint256 tokens = _getTokenAmount(weiAmount);

    // update state
    weiRaised = weiRaised.add(weiAmount);

    _processPurchase(_beneficiary, tokens);
    emit TokenPurchase(
      msg.sender,
      _beneficiary,
      weiAmount,
      tokens
    );

    _updatePurchasingState(_beneficiary, weiAmount);

    _forwardFunds();
    _postValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, weiAmount);
  }

  // -----------------------------------------
  // Internal interface (extensible)
  // -----------------------------------------

  /**
   * @dev Validation of an incoming purchase. Use require statements to revert state when conditions are not met. Use super to concatenate validations.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    require(_beneficiary != address(0));
    require(_weiAmount != 0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Validation of an executed purchase. Observe state and use revert statements to undo rollback when valid conditions are not met.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _postValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    // optional override
  }

  /**
   * @dev Source of tokens. Override this method to modify the way in which the crowdsale ultimately gets and sends its tokens.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _tokenAmount Number of tokens to be emitted
   */
  function _deliverTokens(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    token.transfer(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Executed when a purchase has been validated and is ready to be executed. Not necessarily emits/sends tokens.
   * @param _beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
   * @param _tokenAmount Number of tokens to be purchased
   */
  function _processPurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    _deliverTokens(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Override for extensions that require an internal state to check for validity (current user contributions, etc.)
   * @param _beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _updatePurchasingState(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    // optional override
  }

  /**
   * @dev Override to extend the way in which ether is converted to tokens.
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei to be converted into tokens
   * @return Number of tokens that can be purchased with the specified _weiAmount
   */
  function _getTokenAmount(uint256 _weiAmount)
    internal view returns (uint256)
  {
    return _weiAmount.mul(rate);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Determines how ETH is stored/forwarded on purchases.
   */
  function _forwardFunds() internal {
    wallet.transfer(msg.value);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/validation/TimedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title TimedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale accepting contributions only within a time frame.
 */
contract TimedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  uint256 public openingTime;
  uint256 public closingTime;

  /**
   * @dev Reverts if not in crowdsale time range.
   */
  modifier onlyWhileOpen {
    // solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members
    require(block.timestamp >= openingTime && block.timestamp <= closingTime);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Constructor, takes crowdsale opening and closing times.
   * @param _openingTime Crowdsale opening time
   * @param _closingTime Crowdsale closing time
   */
  constructor(uint256 _openingTime, uint256 _closingTime) public {
    // solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members
    require(_openingTime >= block.timestamp);
    require(_closingTime >= _openingTime);

    openingTime = _openingTime;
    closingTime = _closingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether the period in which the crowdsale is open has already elapsed.
   * @return Whether crowdsale period has elapsed
   */
  function hasClosed() public view returns (bool) {
    // solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members
    return block.timestamp > closingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring to be within contributing period
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
    onlyWhileOpen
  {
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/PostDeliveryCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title PostDeliveryCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale that locks tokens from withdrawal until it ends.
 */
contract PostDeliveryCrowdsale is TimedCrowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) public balances;

  /**
   * @dev Withdraw tokens only after crowdsale ends.
   */
  function withdrawTokens() public {
    require(hasClosed());
    uint256 amount = balances[msg.sender];
    require(amount > 0);
    balances[msg.sender] = 0;
    _deliverTokens(msg.sender, amount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overrides parent by storing balances instead of issuing tokens right away.
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _tokenAmount Amount of tokens purchased
   */
  function _processPurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    balances[_beneficiary] = balances[_beneficiary].add(_tokenAmount);
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol

/**
 * @title Ownable
 * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control
 * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
 */
contract Ownable {
  address public owner;


  event OwnershipRenounced(address indexed previousOwner);
  event OwnershipTransferred(
    address indexed previousOwner,
    address indexed newOwner
  );


  /**
   * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
   * account.
   */
  constructor() public {
    owner = msg.sender;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
   */
  modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows the current owner to relinquish control of the contract.
   */
  function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
    emit OwnershipRenounced(owner);
    owner = address(0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
   * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
   */
  function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) public onlyOwner {
    _transferOwnership(_newOwner);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers control of the contract to a newOwner.
   * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
   */
  function _transferOwnership(address _newOwner) internal {
    require(_newOwner != address(0));
    emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, _newOwner);
    owner = _newOwner;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/FinalizableCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title FinalizableCrowdsale
 * @dev Extension of Crowdsale where an owner can do extra work
 * after finishing.
 */
contract FinalizableCrowdsale is TimedCrowdsale, Ownable {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  bool public isFinalized = false;

  event Finalized();

  /**
   * @dev Must be called after crowdsale ends, to do some extra finalization
   * work. Calls the contract's finalization function.
   */
  function finalize() onlyOwner public {
    require(!isFinalized);
    require(hasClosed());

    finalization();
    emit Finalized();

    isFinalized = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Can be overridden to add finalization logic. The overriding function
   * should call super.finalization() to ensure the chain of finalization is
   * executed entirely.
   */
  function finalization() internal {
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/utils/RefundVault.sol

/**
 * @title RefundVault
 * @dev This contract is used for storing funds while a crowdsale
 * is in progress. Supports refunding the money if crowdsale fails,
 * and forwarding it if crowdsale is successful.
 */
contract RefundVault is Ownable {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  enum State { Active, Refunding, Closed }

  mapping (address => uint256) public deposited;
  address public wallet;
  State public state;

  event Closed();
  event RefundsEnabled();
  event Refunded(address indexed beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount);

  /**
   * @param _wallet Vault address
   */
  constructor(address _wallet) public {
    require(_wallet != address(0));
    wallet = _wallet;
    state = State.Active;
  }

  /**
   * @param investor Investor address
   */
  function deposit(address investor) onlyOwner public payable {
    require(state == State.Active);
    deposited[investor] = deposited[investor].add(msg.value);
  }

  function close() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Closed;
    emit Closed();
    wallet.transfer(address(this).balance);
  }

  function enableRefunds() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Refunding;
    emit RefundsEnabled();
  }

  /**
   * @param investor Investor address
   */
  function refund(address investor) public {
    require(state == State.Refunding);
    uint256 depositedValue = deposited[investor];
    deposited[investor] = 0;
    investor.transfer(depositedValue);
    emit Refunded(investor, depositedValue);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/RefundableCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title RefundableCrowdsale
 * @dev Extension of Crowdsale contract that adds a funding goal, and
 * the possibility of users getting a refund if goal is not met.
 * Uses a RefundVault as the crowdsale's vault.
 */
contract RefundableCrowdsale is FinalizableCrowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  // minimum amount of funds to be raised in weis
  uint256 public goal;

  // refund vault used to hold funds while crowdsale is running
  RefundVault public vault;

  /**
   * @dev Constructor, creates RefundVault.
   * @param _goal Funding goal
   */
  constructor(uint256 _goal) public {
    require(_goal > 0);
    vault = new RefundVault(wallet);
    goal = _goal;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Investors can claim refunds here if crowdsale is unsuccessful
   */
  function claimRefund() public {
    require(isFinalized);
    require(!goalReached());

    vault.refund(msg.sender);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether funding goal was reached.
   * @return Whether funding goal was reached
   */
  function goalReached() public view returns (bool) {
    return weiRaised >= goal;
  }

  /**
   * @dev vault finalization task, called when owner calls finalize()
   */
  function finalization() internal {
    if (goalReached()) {
      vault.close();
    } else {
      vault.enableRefunds();
    }

    super.finalization();
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overrides Crowdsale fund forwarding, sending funds to vault.
   */
  function _forwardFunds() internal {
    vault.deposit.value(msg.value)(msg.sender);
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/BasicToken.sol

/**
 * @title Basic token
 * @dev Basic version of StandardToken, with no allowances.
 */
contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) balances;

  uint256 totalSupply_;

  /**
  * @dev total number of tokens in existence
  */
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
    return totalSupply_;
  }

  /**
  * @dev transfer token for a specified address
  * @param _to The address to transfer to.
  * @param _value The amount to be transferred.
  */
  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);

    balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    emit Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
  * @param _owner The address to query the the balance of.
  * @return An uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address.
  */
  function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256) {
    return balances[_owner];
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/StandardToken.sol

/**
 * @title Standard ERC20 token
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the basic standard token.
 * @dev https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
 * @dev Based on code by FirstBlood: https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/blob/master/smart_contract/FirstBloodToken.sol
 */
contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {

  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal allowed;


  /**
   * @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another
   * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
   * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
   * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address _from,
    address _to,
    uint256 _value
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[_from]);
    require(_value <= allowed[_from][msg.sender]);

    balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    allowed[_from][msg.sender] = allowed[_from][msg.sender].sub(_value);
    emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
   *
   * Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
   * and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
   * race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
   */
  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to check the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   * @param _owner address The address which owns the funds.
   * @param _spender address The address which will spend the funds.
   * @return A uint256 specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
   */
  function allowance(
    address _owner,
    address _spender
   )
    public
    view
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return allowed[_owner][_spender];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Increase the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To increment
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
   */
  function increaseApproval(
    address _spender,
    uint _addedValue
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = (
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue));
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Decrease the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To decrement
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
   */
  function decreaseApproval(
    address _spender,
    uint _subtractedValue
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
    if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
    } else {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
    }
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/MintableToken.sol

/**
 * @title Mintable token
 * @dev Simple ERC20 Token example, with mintable token creation
 * @dev Issue: * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/issues/120
 * Based on code by TokenMarketNet: https://github.com/TokenMarketNet/ico/blob/master/contracts/MintableToken.sol
 */
contract MintableToken is StandardToken, Ownable {
  event Mint(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
  event MintFinished();

  bool public mintingFinished = false;


  modifier canMint() {
    require(!mintingFinished);
    _;
  }

  modifier hasMintPermission() {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to mint tokens
   * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint.
   * @return A boolean that indicates if the operation was successful.
   */
  function mint(
    address _to,
    uint256 _amount
  )
    hasMintPermission
    canMint
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.add(_amount);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_amount);
    emit Mint(_to, _amount);
    emit Transfer(address(0), _to, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to stop minting new tokens.
   * @return True if the operation was successful.
   */
  function finishMinting() onlyOwner canMint public returns (bool) {
    mintingFinished = true;
    emit MintFinished();
    return true;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/emission/MintedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title MintedCrowdsale
 * @dev Extension of Crowdsale contract whose tokens are minted in each purchase.
 * Token ownership should be transferred to MintedCrowdsale for minting.
 */
contract MintedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {

  /**
   * @dev Overrides delivery by minting tokens upon purchase.
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _tokenAmount Number of tokens to be minted
   */
  function _deliverTokens(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    require(MintableToken(token).mint(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount));
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/validation/CappedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title CappedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale with a limit for total contributions.
 */
contract CappedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  uint256 public cap;

  /**
   * @dev Constructor, takes maximum amount of wei accepted in the crowdsale.
   * @param _cap Max amount of wei to be contributed
   */
  constructor(uint256 _cap) public {
    require(_cap > 0);
    cap = _cap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether the cap has been reached.
   * @return Whether the cap was reached
   */
  function capReached() public view returns (bool) {
    return weiRaised >= cap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring purchase to respect the funding cap.
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
    require(weiRaised.add(_weiAmount) <= cap);
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/validation/IndividuallyCappedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title IndividuallyCappedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale with per-user caps.
 */
contract IndividuallyCappedCrowdsale is Crowdsale, Ownable {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) public contributions;
  mapping(address => uint256) public caps;

  /**
   * @dev Sets a specific user's maximum contribution.
   * @param _beneficiary Address to be capped
   * @param _cap Wei limit for individual contribution
   */
  function setUserCap(address _beneficiary, uint256 _cap) external onlyOwner {
    caps[_beneficiary] = _cap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets a group of users' maximum contribution.
   * @param _beneficiaries List of addresses to be capped
   * @param _cap Wei limit for individual contribution
   */
  function setGroupCap(
    address[] _beneficiaries,
    uint256 _cap
  )
    external
    onlyOwner
  {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _beneficiaries.length; i++) {
      caps[_beneficiaries[i]] = _cap;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the cap of a specific user.
   * @param _beneficiary Address whose cap is to be checked
   * @return Current cap for individual user
   */
  function getUserCap(address _beneficiary) public view returns (uint256) {
    return caps[_beneficiary];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the amount contributed so far by a sepecific user.
   * @param _beneficiary Address of contributor
   * @return User contribution so far
   */
  function getUserContribution(address _beneficiary)
    public view returns (uint256)
  {
    return contributions[_beneficiary];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring purchase to respect the user's funding cap.
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
    require(contributions[_beneficiary].add(_weiAmount) <= caps[_beneficiary]);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior to update user contributions
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _updatePurchasingState(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    super._updatePurchasingState(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
    contributions[_beneficiary] = contributions[_beneficiary].add(_weiAmount);
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/validation/WhitelistedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title WhitelistedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale in which only whitelisted users can contribute.
 */
contract WhitelistedCrowdsale is Crowdsale, Ownable {

  mapping(address => bool) public whitelist;

  /**
   * @dev Reverts if beneficiary is not whitelisted. Can be used when extending this contract.
   */
  modifier isWhitelisted(address _beneficiary) {
    require(whitelist[_beneficiary]);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds single address to whitelist.
   * @param _beneficiary Address to be added to the whitelist
   */
  function addToWhitelist(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
    whitelist[_beneficiary] = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds list of addresses to whitelist. Not overloaded due to limitations with truffle testing.
   * @param _beneficiaries Addresses to be added to the whitelist
   */
  function addManyToWhitelist(address[] _beneficiaries) external onlyOwner {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _beneficiaries.length; i++) {
      whitelist[_beneficiaries[i]] = true;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Removes single address from whitelist.
   * @param _beneficiary Address to be removed to the whitelist
   */
  function removeFromWhitelist(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
    whitelist[_beneficiary] = false;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring beneficiary to be in whitelist.
   * @param _beneficiary Token beneficiary
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
    isWhitelisted(_beneficiary)
  {
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
  }

}

// File: contracts/GBECrowdsale.sol

/*
 * @title GBECrowdsale
 * @dev The crowdsale that will gain ownership and distrubute
 * the token
 * @param _rate Rate in the public sale
 * @param _wallet The address to which the funds will be forwarded to after the crowdsale ends
 * @param _cap The hard cap
 * @param _goal The soft cap
 * @param _minimumInvestment Minimum investment allowed in public sale
 * @param _openingTime The opening time as a unix timestamp
 * @param _closingTime The closing time as a unix timestamp
 * @param _token The address of the mintable token to be deployed
 */
contract GBECrowdsale is CappedCrowdsale, RefundableCrowdsale, MintedCrowdsale, WhitelistedCrowdsale { // solium-disable-line max-len

  uint256 public minimumInvestment;
  uint256 public initialRate;

  constructor(
    uint256 _rate,
    address _wallet,
    uint256 _cap,
    uint256 _goal,
    uint256 _minimumInvestment,
    uint256 _openingTime,
    uint256 _closingTime,
    MintableToken _token
  )
    public
    Crowdsale(_rate, _wallet, _token)
    CappedCrowdsale(_cap)
    TimedCrowdsale(_openingTime, _closingTime)
    RefundableCrowdsale(_goal)
  {
    minimumInvestment = _minimumInvestment;
    initialRate = _rate;
  }

/*
 * @title pushPrivateInvestment
 * @dev The function tracks a private investment made in currencies other than ETH.
 * For a _weiAmount calculated based on the ETH value of some other currency, a _tokenAmount
 * amount of tokens will be minted post crowdsale for the _beneficiary
 * @param _weiAmount The value in wei calculated based on the value of the external currency
 * @param _tokenAmount The amount to be minted
 * @param _beneficiary The beneficiary of the tokens
 */

  function pushPrivateInvestment(uint256 _weiAmount, uint256 _tokenAmount, address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
    // solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members
    require(block.timestamp <= closingTime);
    require(_weiAmount >= minimumInvestment, "Wei amount lower than minimum investment");

    require(_beneficiary != address(0));
    require(weiRaised.add(_weiAmount) <= cap);

    _deliverTokens(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);

    // Wei added based on external value 
    weiRaised = weiRaised.add(_weiAmount);

    // Every user that participated in private investments is whitelisted
    _addToWhitelist(_beneficiary);

    emit TokenPurchase(
      msg.sender,
      _beneficiary,
      _weiAmount,
      _tokenAmount
    );
  }

/*
 * @title changeRate
 * @dev The function sets the rate for exchanging ETH for tokens
 * Rate can be changed only if new rate value is greater than the old rate value
 * @param _newRate new rate value
 */
  function changeRate(uint256 _newRate) external onlyOwner {
    // solium-disable-next-line security/no-block-members
    require(block.timestamp <= closingTime);
    require(_newRate >= initialRate, "New rate must be greater than initial rate");

    rate = _newRate;
  }

  // -----------------------------------------
  // Internal interface (extensible)
  // -----------------------------------------

  /*
   * @dev Validation of an incoming purchase. Use require statements 
   * to revert state when conditions are not met. Use super to concatenate validations.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(address _beneficiary, uint256 _weiAmount) internal {
    require(_weiAmount != 0);
    require(_weiAmount >= minimumInvestment, "Wei amount lower than minimum investment");
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
  }

  /*
   * @dev Add the beneficiary to the whitelist. Used internally for private
   * investors since every private investor is automatically whitelisted.
   * minted and can be claimed post crowdsale
   * @param _beneficiary The address that will be whitelisted
   */
  function _addToWhitelist(address _beneficiary) private {
    whitelist[_beneficiary] = true;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/CappedToken.sol

/**
 * @title Capped token
 * @dev Mintable token with a token cap.
 */
contract CappedToken is MintableToken {

  uint256 public cap;

  constructor(uint256 _cap) public {
    require(_cap > 0);
    cap = _cap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to mint tokens
   * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint.
   * @return A boolean that indicates if the operation was successful.
   */
  function mint(
    address _to,
    uint256 _amount
  )
    onlyOwner
    canMint
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    require(totalSupply_.add(_amount) <= cap);

    return super.mint(_to, _amount);
  }

}

// File: contracts/GBEToken.sol

/*
 * @title GBEToken
 * @dev Mintable ERC20 compliant token.
 */
contract GBEToken is CappedToken {

  string public constant name = "GBE Token"; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  string public constant symbol = "GBE"; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  uint8 public constant decimals = 18; // solium-disable-line uppercase

  // 4 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18) 4M tokens
  uint256 public constant advisorsAmount = 4000000000000000000000000; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  // 21 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18) 21M tokens
  uint256 public constant companyAmount = 21000000000000000000000000; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  // 2 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18) 2M tokens
  uint256 public constant teamAmount = 2000000000000000000000000; // solium-disable-line uppercase

  address public constant advisorsWallet = 0xD9fFAAd95B151D6B50df0a3770B4481cA320F530; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  address public constant companyWallet = 0xFCcD1bD20aE0635D6AB5181cdA2c3de660f074C4; // solium-disable-line uppercase
  address public constant teamWallet = 0x27950EcE748A9a1A1F0AA6167Cd39893e7f39819; // solium-disable-line uppercase

  constructor(uint256 _cap) public CappedToken(_cap){
    super.mint(advisorsWallet, advisorsAmount);
    super.mint(companyWallet, companyAmount);
    super.mint(teamWallet, teamAmount);
  }
}