// File: contracts/ForeignChain.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.6.8;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./Registry.sol";
import "./BaseChain.sol";

contract ForeignChain is BaseChain {
  // we will not be changing replicator that often, so we can make it immutable, it saves 200gas
  address public immutable replicator;
  uint32 public lastBlockId;
  bool public deprecated;

  // ========== EVENTS ========== //

  event LogBlockReplication(address indexed minter, uint32 blockId);
  event LogDeprecation(address indexed deprecator);

  // ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== //

  constructor(
    address _contractRegistry,
    uint16 _padding,
    uint16 _requiredSignatures,
    address _replicator
  ) public BaseChain(_contractRegistry, _padding, _requiredSignatures) {
    replicator = _replicator;
  }

  modifier onlyReplicator() {
    require(msg.sender == replicator, "onlyReplicator");
    _;
  }

  // ========== MUTATIVE FUNCTIONS ========== //

  function register() override external {
    require(msg.sender == address(contractRegistry), "only contractRegistry can register");

    ForeignChain oldChain = ForeignChain(contractRegistry.getAddress("Chain"));
    require(address(oldChain) != address(this), "registration must be done before address in registry is replaced");

    if (address(oldChain) != address(0x0)) {
      lastBlockId = oldChain.lastBlockId();
      // we cloning last block time, because we will need reference point for next submissions
      blocks[lastBlockId].dataTimestamp = oldChain.getBlockTimestamp(lastBlockId);
    }
  }

  function unregister() override external {
    require(msg.sender == address(contractRegistry), "only contractRegistry can unregister");
    require(!deprecated, "contract is already deprecated");

    ForeignChain newChain = ForeignChain(contractRegistry.getAddress("Chain"));
    require(address(newChain) != address(this), "unregistering must be done after address in registry is replaced");
    require(newChain.isForeign(), "can not be replaced with chain of different type");

    deprecated = true;
    emit LogDeprecation(msg.sender);
  }

  function submit(
    uint32 _dataTimestamp,
    bytes32 _root,
    bytes32[] calldata _keys,
    uint256[] calldata _values,
    uint32 _blockId
  ) external onlyReplicator {
    require(!deprecated, "contract is deprecated");
    uint lastDataTimestamp = blocks[lastBlockId].dataTimestamp;

    require(blocks[_blockId].dataTimestamp == 0, "blockId already taken");
    require(lastDataTimestamp < _dataTimestamp, "can NOT submit older data");
    require(lastDataTimestamp + padding < block.timestamp, "do not spam");
    require(_keys.length == _values.length, "numbers of keys and values not the same");

    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
      require(uint224(_values[i]) == _values[i], "FCD overflow");
      fcds[_keys[i]] = FirstClassData(uint224(_values[i]), _dataTimestamp);
    }

    blocks[_blockId] = Block(_root, _dataTimestamp);
    lastBlockId = _blockId;

    emit LogBlockReplication(msg.sender, _blockId);
  }

  // ========== VIEWS ========== //

  function isForeign() override external pure returns (bool) {
    return true;
  }

  function getName() override external pure returns (bytes32) {
    return "Chain";
  }

  function getStatus() external view returns(
    uint256 blockNumber,
    uint16 timePadding,
    uint32 lastDataTimestamp,
    uint32 lastId,
    uint32 nextBlockId
  ) {
    blockNumber = block.number;
    timePadding = padding;
    lastId = lastBlockId;
    lastDataTimestamp = blocks[lastId].dataTimestamp;
    nextBlockId = getBlockIdAtTimestamp(block.timestamp + 1);
  }

  // this function does not works for past timestamps
  function getBlockIdAtTimestamp(uint256 _timestamp) override public view  returns (uint32) {
    uint32 _lastId = lastBlockId;

    if (blocks[_lastId].dataTimestamp == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    if (blocks[_lastId].dataTimestamp + padding < _timestamp) {
      return _lastId + 1;
    }

    return _lastId;
  }

  function getLatestBlockId() override public view returns (uint32) {
    return lastBlockId;
  }
}

// File: contracts/Registry.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.6.8;

// Inheritance
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

import "./extensions/Registrable.sol";

contract Registry is Ownable {
  mapping(bytes32 => address) public registry;

  // ========== EVENTS ========== //

  event LogRegistered(address indexed destination, bytes32 name);

  // ========== MUTATIVE FUNCTIONS ========== //

  function importAddresses(bytes32[] calldata _names, address[] calldata _destinations) external onlyOwner {
    require(_names.length == _destinations.length, "Input lengths must match");

    for (uint i = 0; i < _names.length; i++) {
      registry[_names[i]] = _destinations[i];
      emit LogRegistered(_destinations[i], _names[i]);
    }
  }

  function importContracts(address[] calldata _destinations) external onlyOwner {
    for (uint i = 0; i < _destinations.length; i++) {
      bytes32 name = Registrable(_destinations[i]).getName();
      registry[name] = _destinations[i];
      emit LogRegistered(_destinations[i], name);
    }
  }

  function atomicUpdate(address _newContract) external onlyOwner {
    Registrable(_newContract).register();

    bytes32 name = Registrable(_newContract).getName();
    address oldContract = registry[name];
    registry[name] = _newContract;

    Registrable(oldContract).unregister();

    emit LogRegistered(_newContract, name);
  }

  // ========== VIEWS ========== //

  function requireAndGetAddress(bytes32 name) external view returns (address) {
    address _foundAddress = registry[name];
    require(_foundAddress != address(0), string(abi.encodePacked("Name not registered: ", name)));
    return _foundAddress;
  }

  function getAddress(bytes32 _bytes) external view returns (address) {
    return registry[_bytes];
  }

  function getAddressByString(string memory _name) public view returns (address) {
    return registry[stringToBytes32(_name)];
  }

  function stringToBytes32(string memory _string) public pure returns (bytes32 result) {
    bytes memory tempEmptyStringTest = bytes(_string);

    if (tempEmptyStringTest.length == 0) {
      return 0x0;
    }

    assembly {
      result := mload(add(_string, 32))
    }
  }
}

// File: contracts/BaseChain.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.6.8;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@umb-network/toolbox/dist/contracts/lib/ValueDecoder.sol";

import "./interfaces/IStakingBank.sol";

import "./extensions/Registrable.sol";
import "./Registry.sol";

abstract contract BaseChain is Registrable, Ownable {
  using ValueDecoder for bytes;

  // ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== //

  bytes constant public ETH_PREFIX = "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32";

  struct Block {
    bytes32 root;
    uint32 dataTimestamp;
  }

  struct FirstClassData {
    uint224 value;
    uint32 dataTimestamp;
  }

  mapping(uint256 => Block) public blocks;
  mapping(bytes32 => FirstClassData) public fcds;

  uint32 public blocksCount;
  uint32 public immutable blocksCountOffset;
  uint16 public padding;
  uint16 public immutable requiredSignatures;

  // ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== //

  constructor(
    address _contractRegistry,
    uint16 _padding,
    uint16 _requiredSignatures // we have a plan to use signatures also in foreign Chains so lets keep it in base
  ) public Registrable(_contractRegistry) {
    padding = _padding;
    requiredSignatures = _requiredSignatures;
    BaseChain oldChain = BaseChain(Registry(_contractRegistry).getAddress("Chain"));

    blocksCountOffset = address(oldChain) != address(0x0)
      // +1 because it might be situation when tx is already in progress in old contract
      ? oldChain.blocksCount() + oldChain.blocksCountOffset() + 1
      : 0;
  }

  // ========== MUTATIVE FUNCTIONS ========== //

  function setPadding(uint16 _padding) external onlyOwner {
    padding = _padding;
    emit LogPadding(msg.sender, _padding);
  }

  // ========== VIEWS ========== //

  function isForeign() virtual external pure returns (bool);

  function recoverSigner(bytes32 _affidavit, uint8 _v, bytes32 _r, bytes32 _s) public pure returns (address) {
    bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(ETH_PREFIX, _affidavit));
    return ecrecover(hash, _v, _r, _s);
  }

  function getBlockId() public view returns (uint32) {
    return getBlockIdAtTimestamp(block.timestamp);
  }

  // this function does not works for past timestamps
  function getBlockIdAtTimestamp(uint256 _timestamp) virtual public view returns (uint32) {
    uint32 _blocksCount = blocksCount + blocksCountOffset;

    if (_blocksCount == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    if (blocks[_blocksCount - 1].dataTimestamp + padding < _timestamp) {
      return _blocksCount;
    }

    return _blocksCount - 1;
  }

  function getLatestBlockId() virtual public view returns (uint32) {
    return blocksCount + blocksCountOffset - 1;
  }

  function verifyProof(bytes32[] memory _proof, bytes32 _root, bytes32 _leaf) public pure returns (bool) {
    if (_root == bytes32(0)) {
      return false;
    }

    return MerkleProof.verify(_proof, _root, _leaf);
  }

  function hashLeaf(bytes memory _key, bytes memory _value) public pure returns (bytes32) {
    return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_key, _value));
  }

  function verifyProofForBlock(
    uint256 _blockId,
    bytes32[] memory _proof,
    bytes memory _key,
    bytes memory _value
  ) public view returns (bool) {
    return verifyProof(_proof, blocks[_blockId].root, keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_key, _value)));
  }

  function bytesToBytes32Array(
    bytes memory _data,
    uint256 _offset,
    uint256 _items
  ) public pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
    bytes32[] memory dataList = new bytes32[](_items);

    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _items; i++) {
      bytes32 temp;
      uint256 idx = (i + 1 + _offset) * 32;

      assembly {
        temp := mload(add(_data, idx))
      }

      dataList[i] = temp;
    }

    return (dataList);
  }

  function verifyProofs(
    uint32[] memory _blockIds,
    bytes memory _proofs,
    uint256[] memory _proofItemsCounter,
    bytes32[] memory _leaves
  ) public view returns (bool[] memory results) {
    results = new bool[](_leaves.length);
    uint256 offset = 0;

    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _leaves.length; i++) {
      results[i] = verifyProof(
        bytesToBytes32Array(_proofs, offset, _proofItemsCounter[i]),
        blocks[_blockIds[i]].root,
        _leaves[i]
      );

      offset += _proofItemsCounter[i];
    }
  }

  function getBlockRoot(uint32 _blockId) external view returns (bytes32) {
    return blocks[_blockId].root;
  }

  function getBlockTimestamp(uint32 _blockId) external view returns (uint32) {
    return blocks[_blockId].dataTimestamp;
  }

  function getCurrentValues(bytes32[] calldata _keys)
  external view returns (uint256[] memory values, uint32[] memory timestamps) {
    timestamps = new uint32[](_keys.length);
    values = new uint256[](_keys.length);

    for (uint i=0; i<_keys.length; i++) {
      FirstClassData storage numericFCD = fcds[_keys[i]];
      values[i] = uint256(numericFCD.value);
      timestamps[i] = numericFCD.dataTimestamp;
    }
  }

  function getCurrentValue(bytes32 _key) external view returns (uint256 value, uint256 timestamp) {
    FirstClassData storage numericFCD = fcds[_key];
    return (uint256(numericFCD.value), numericFCD.dataTimestamp);
  }

  // ========== EVENTS ========== //

  event LogPadding(address indexed executor, uint16 timePadding);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

import "../GSN/Context.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        address msgSender = _msgSender();
        _owner = msgSender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(_owner == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

// File: contracts/extensions/Registrable.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.6.8;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../interfaces/IRegistry.sol";
import "../interfaces/IStakingBank.sol";

abstract contract Registrable {
  IRegistry public contractRegistry;

  // ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== //

  constructor(address _contractRegistry) internal {
    require(_contractRegistry != address(0x0), "_registry is empty");
    contractRegistry = IRegistry(_contractRegistry);
  }

  // ========== MODIFIERS ========== //

  modifier onlyFromContract(address _msgSender, bytes32 _contractName) {
    require(
      contractRegistry.getAddress(_contractName) == _msgSender,
        string(abi.encodePacked("caller is not ", _contractName))
    );
    _;
  }

  modifier withRegistrySetUp() {
    require(address(contractRegistry) != address(0x0), "_registry is empty");
    _;
  }

  // ========== MUTATIVE ========== //

  function register() virtual external {
    // this is required only for ForeignChain
    // but for backward compatibility the body is implemented as empty
    // also note, that in order to use this method, we need new registry
  }

  function unregister() virtual external {
    // this is required only for ForeignChain
    // but for backward compatibility the body is implemented as empty
    // also note, that in order to use this method, we need new registry
  }

  // ========== VIEWS ========== //

  function getName() virtual external pure returns (bytes32);

  function stakingBankContract() public view returns (IStakingBank) {
    return IStakingBank(contractRegistry.requireAndGetAddress("StakingBank"));
  }

  function tokenContract() public view withRegistrySetUp returns (ERC20) {
    return ERC20(contractRegistry.requireAndGetAddress("UMB"));
  }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/GSN/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

import "../../GSN/Context.sol";
import "./IERC20.sol";
import "../../math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using Address for address;

    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;
    uint8 private _decimals;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
     * a default value of 18.
     *
     * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
     *
     * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor (string memory name, string memory symbol) public {
        _name = name;
        _symbol = symbol;
        _decimals = 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
     * called.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets {decimals} to a value other than the default one of 18.
     *
     * WARNING: This function should only be called from the constructor. Most
     * applications that interact with token contracts will not expect
     * {decimals} to ever change, and may work incorrectly if it does.
     */
    function _setupDecimals(uint8 decimals_) internal {
        _decimals = decimals_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be to transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IRegistry.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.6.8;


interface IRegistry {
    function getAddress(bytes32 name) external view returns (address);

    function requireAndGetAddress(bytes32 name) external view returns (address);
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IStakingBank.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.6.8;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

interface IStakingBank is IERC20 {
  function receiveApproval(address _from) external returns (bool success);

  function withdraw(uint256 _value) external returns (bool success);

  function create(address _id, string calldata _location) external;

  function update(address _id, string calldata _location) external;

  function addresses(uint256 _ix) external view returns (address);

  function validators(address _id) external view returns (address id, string memory location);

  function getNumberOfValidators() external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.2;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies in extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
      return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
    }

    function _functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 weiValue, string memory errorMessage) private returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: weiValue }(data);
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle trees (hash trees),
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            bytes32 proofElement = proof[i];

            if (computedHash <= proofElement) {
                // Hash(current computed hash + current element of the proof)
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement));
            } else {
                // Hash(current element of the proof + current computed hash)
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash));
            }
        }

        // Check if the computed hash (root) is equal to the provided root
        return computedHash == root;
    }
}

// File: @umb-network/toolbox/dist/contracts/lib/ValueDecoder.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
pragma solidity >=0.6.8;

library ValueDecoder {
  function toUint(bytes memory _bytes) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
    assembly {
      value := mload(add(_bytes, 32))
    }
  }

  function toUint(bytes32 _bytes) internal pure returns (uint256 value) {
    assembly {
      value := _bytes
    }
  }
}