// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.2;

/**
 * @title Ownable
 * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control
 * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
 */
contract Ownable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
     * account.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        _owner = msg.sender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), _owner);
    }

    /**
     * @return the address of the owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(isOwner());
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @return true if `msg.sender` is the owner of the contract.
     */
    function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to relinquish control of the contract.
     * It will not be possible to call the functions with the `onlyOwner`
     * modifier anymore.
     * @notice Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
     * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers control of the contract to a newOwner.
     * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
        require(newOwner != address(0));
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

// File: contracts/Reputation.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;



/**
 * @title Reputation system
 * @dev A DAO has Reputation System which allows peers to rate other peers in order to build trust .
 * A reputation is use to assign influence measure to a DAO'S peers.
 * Reputation is similar to regular tokens but with one crucial difference: It is non-transferable.
 * The Reputation contract maintain a map of address to reputation value.
 * It provides an onlyOwner functions to mint and burn reputation _to (or _from) a specific address.
 */

contract Reputation is Ownable {

    uint8 public decimals = 18;             //Number of decimals of the smallest unit
    // Event indicating minting of reputation to an address.
    event Mint(address indexed _to, uint256 _amount);
    // Event indicating burning of reputation for an address.
    event Burn(address indexed _from, uint256 _amount);

      /// @dev `Checkpoint` is the structure that attaches a block number to a
      ///  given value, the block number attached is the one that last changed the
      ///  value
    struct Checkpoint {

    // `fromBlock` is the block number that the value was generated from
        uint128 fromBlock;

          // `value` is the amount of reputation at a specific block number
        uint128 value;
    }

      // `balances` is the map that tracks the balance of each address, in this
      //  contract when the balance changes the block number that the change
      //  occurred is also included in the map
    mapping (address => Checkpoint[]) balances;

      // Tracks the history of the `totalSupply` of the reputation
    Checkpoint[] totalSupplyHistory;

    /// @notice Constructor to create a Reputation
    constructor(
    ) public
    {
    }

    /// @dev This function makes it easy to get the total number of reputation
    /// @return The total number of reputation
    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return totalSupplyAt(block.number);
    }

  ////////////////
  // Query balance and totalSupply in History
  ////////////////
    /**
    * @dev return the reputation amount of a given owner
    * @param _owner an address of the owner which we want to get his reputation
    */
    function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance) {
        return balanceOfAt(_owner, block.number);
    }

      /// @dev Queries the balance of `_owner` at a specific `_blockNumber`
      /// @param _owner The address from which the balance will be retrieved
      /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the balance is queried
      /// @return The balance at `_blockNumber`
    function balanceOfAt(address _owner, uint256 _blockNumber)
    public view returns (uint256)
    {
        if ((balances[_owner].length == 0) || (balances[_owner][0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
            return 0;
          // This will return the expected balance during normal situations
        } else {
            return getValueAt(balances[_owner], _blockNumber);
        }
    }

      /// @notice Total amount of reputation at a specific `_blockNumber`.
      /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the totalSupply is queried
      /// @return The total amount of reputation at `_blockNumber`
    function totalSupplyAt(uint256 _blockNumber) public view returns(uint256) {
        if ((totalSupplyHistory.length == 0) || (totalSupplyHistory[0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
            return 0;
          // This will return the expected totalSupply during normal situations
        } else {
            return getValueAt(totalSupplyHistory, _blockNumber);
        }
    }

      /// @notice Generates `_amount` reputation that are assigned to `_owner`
      /// @param _user The address that will be assigned the new reputation
      /// @param _amount The quantity of reputation generated
      /// @return True if the reputation are generated correctly
    function mint(address _user, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
        uint256 curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
        require(curTotalSupply + _amount >= curTotalSupply); // Check for overflow
        uint256 previousBalanceTo = balanceOf(_user);
        require(previousBalanceTo + _amount >= previousBalanceTo); // Check for overflow
        updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply + _amount);
        updateValueAtNow(balances[_user], previousBalanceTo + _amount);
        emit Mint(_user, _amount);
        return true;
    }

      /// @notice Burns `_amount` reputation from `_owner`
      /// @param _user The address that will lose the reputation
      /// @param _amount The quantity of reputation to burn
      /// @return True if the reputation are burned correctly
    function burn(address _user, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
        uint256 curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
        uint256 amountBurned = _amount;
        uint256 previousBalanceFrom = balanceOf(_user);
        if (previousBalanceFrom < amountBurned) {
            amountBurned = previousBalanceFrom;
        }
        updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply - amountBurned);
        updateValueAtNow(balances[_user], previousBalanceFrom - amountBurned);
        emit Burn(_user, amountBurned);
        return true;
    }

  ////////////////
  // Internal helper functions to query and set a value in a snapshot array
  ////////////////

      /// @dev `getValueAt` retrieves the number of reputation at a given block number
      /// @param checkpoints The history of values being queried
      /// @param _block The block number to retrieve the value at
      /// @return The number of reputation being queried
    function getValueAt(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint256 _block) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (checkpoints.length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

          // Shortcut for the actual value
        if (_block >= checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].fromBlock) {
            return checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].value;
        }
        if (_block < checkpoints[0].fromBlock) {
            return 0;
        }

          // Binary search of the value in the array
        uint256 min = 0;
        uint256 max = checkpoints.length-1;
        while (max > min) {
            uint256 mid = (max + min + 1) / 2;
            if (checkpoints[mid].fromBlock<=_block) {
                min = mid;
            } else {
                max = mid-1;
            }
        }
        return checkpoints[min].value;
    }

      /// @dev `updateValueAtNow` used to update the `balances` map and the
      ///  `totalSupplyHistory`
      /// @param checkpoints The history of data being updated
      /// @param _value The new number of reputation
    function updateValueAtNow(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint256 _value) internal {
        require(uint128(_value) == _value); //check value is in the 128 bits bounderies
        if ((checkpoints.length == 0) || (checkpoints[checkpoints.length - 1].fromBlock < block.number)) {
            Checkpoint storage newCheckPoint = checkpoints[checkpoints.length++];
            newCheckPoint.fromBlock = uint128(block.number);
            newCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
        } else {
            Checkpoint storage oldCheckPoint = checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1];
            oldCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/votingMachines/IntVoteInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;

interface IntVoteInterface {
    //When implementing this interface please do not only override function and modifier,
    //but also to keep the modifiers on the overridden functions.
    modifier onlyProposalOwner(bytes32 _proposalId) {revert(); _;}
    modifier votable(bytes32 _proposalId) {revert(); _;}

    event NewProposal(
        bytes32 indexed _proposalId,
        address indexed _organization,
        uint256 _numOfChoices,
        address _proposer,
        bytes32 _paramsHash
    );

    event ExecuteProposal(bytes32 indexed _proposalId,
        address indexed _organization,
        uint256 _decision,
        uint256 _totalReputation
    );

    event VoteProposal(
        bytes32 indexed _proposalId,
        address indexed _organization,
        address indexed _voter,
        uint256 _vote,
        uint256 _reputation
    );

    event CancelProposal(bytes32 indexed _proposalId, address indexed _organization );
    event CancelVoting(bytes32 indexed _proposalId, address indexed _organization, address indexed _voter);

    /**
     * @dev register a new proposal with the given parameters. Every proposal has a unique ID which is being
     * generated by calculating keccak256 of a incremented counter.
     * @param _numOfChoices number of voting choices
     * @param _proposalParameters defines the parameters of the voting machine used for this proposal
     * @param _proposer address
     * @param _organization address - if this address is zero the msg.sender will be used as the organization address.
     * @return proposal's id.
     */
    function propose(
        uint256 _numOfChoices,
        bytes32 _proposalParameters,
        address _proposer,
        address _organization
        ) external returns(bytes32);

    function vote(
        bytes32 _proposalId,
        uint256 _vote,
        uint256 _rep,
        address _voter
    )
    external
    returns(bool);

    function cancelVote(bytes32 _proposalId) external;

    function getNumberOfChoices(bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(uint256);

    function isVotable(bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev voteStatus returns the reputation voted for a proposal for a specific voting choice.
     * @param _proposalId the ID of the proposal
     * @param _choice the index in the
     * @return voted reputation for the given choice
     */
    function voteStatus(bytes32 _proposalId, uint256 _choice) external view returns(uint256);

    /**
     * @dev isAbstainAllow returns if the voting machine allow abstain (0)
     * @return bool true or false
     */
    function isAbstainAllow() external pure returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev getAllowedRangeOfChoices returns the allowed range of choices for a voting machine.
     * @return min - minimum number of choices
               max - maximum number of choices
     */
    function getAllowedRangeOfChoices() external pure returns(uint256 min, uint256 max);
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.2;

/**
 * @title SafeMath
 * @dev Unsigned math operations with safety checks that revert on error
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Multiplies two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b);

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Integer division of two unsigned integers truncating the quotient, reverts on division by zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Subtracts two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds two unsigned integers, reverts on overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a);

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Divides two unsigned integers and returns the remainder (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverts when dividing by zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.2;

/**
 * @title ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20
 */
interface IERC20 {
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    function balanceOf(address who) external view returns (uint256);

    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: contracts/votingMachines/VotingMachineCallbacksInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;


interface VotingMachineCallbacksInterface {
    function mintReputation(uint256 _amount, address _beneficiary, bytes32 _proposalId) external returns(bool);
    function burnReputation(uint256 _amount, address _owner, bytes32 _proposalId) external returns(bool);

    function stakingTokenTransfer(IERC20 _stakingToken, address _beneficiary, uint256 _amount, bytes32 _proposalId)
    external
    returns(bool);

    function getTotalReputationSupply(bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(uint256);
    function reputationOf(address _owner, bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(uint256);
    function balanceOfStakingToken(IERC20 _stakingToken, bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(uint256);
}

// File: contracts/votingMachines/ProposalExecuteInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;

interface ProposalExecuteInterface {
    function executeProposal(bytes32 _proposalId, int _decision) external returns(bool);
}

// File: contracts/votingMachines/AbsoluteVote.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;







contract AbsoluteVote is IntVoteInterface {
    using SafeMath for uint;

    struct Parameters {
        uint256 precReq; // how many percentages required for the proposal to be passed
        address voteOnBehalf; //if this address is set so only this address is allowed
                              // to vote of behalf of someone else.
    }

    struct Voter {
        uint256 vote; // 0 - 'abstain'
        uint256 reputation; // amount of voter's reputation
    }

    struct Proposal {
        bytes32 organizationId; // the organization Id
        bool open; // voting open flag
        address callbacks;
        uint256 numOfChoices;
        bytes32 paramsHash; // the hash of the parameters of the proposal
        uint256 totalVotes;
        mapping(uint=>uint) votes;
        mapping(address=>Voter) voters;
    }

    event AVVoteProposal(bytes32 indexed _proposalId, bool _isProxyVote);

    mapping(bytes32=>Parameters) public parameters;  // A mapping from hashes to parameters
    mapping(bytes32=>Proposal) public proposals; // Mapping from the ID of the proposal to the proposal itself.
    mapping(bytes32=>address) public organizations;

    uint256 public constant MAX_NUM_OF_CHOICES = 10;
    uint256 public proposalsCnt; // Total amount of proposals

  /**
   * @dev Check that the proposal is votable (open and not executed yet)
   */
    modifier votable(bytes32 _proposalId) {
        require(proposals[_proposalId].open);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev register a new proposal with the given parameters. Every proposal has a unique ID which is being
     * generated by calculating keccak256 of a incremented counter.
     * @param _numOfChoices number of voting choices
     * @param _paramsHash defined the parameters of the voting machine used for this proposal
     * @param _organization address
     * @return proposal's id.
     */
    function propose(uint256 _numOfChoices, bytes32 _paramsHash, address, address _organization)
        external
        returns(bytes32)
    {
        // Check valid params and number of choices:
        require(parameters[_paramsHash].precReq > 0);
        require(_numOfChoices > 0 && _numOfChoices <= MAX_NUM_OF_CHOICES);
        // Generate a unique ID:
        bytes32 proposalId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(this, proposalsCnt));
        proposalsCnt = proposalsCnt.add(1);
        // Open proposal:
        Proposal memory proposal;
        proposal.numOfChoices = _numOfChoices;
        proposal.paramsHash = _paramsHash;
        proposal.callbacks = msg.sender;
        proposal.organizationId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, _organization));
        proposal.open = true;
        proposals[proposalId] = proposal;
        if (organizations[proposal.organizationId] == address(0)) {
            if (_organization == address(0)) {
                organizations[proposal.organizationId] = msg.sender;
            } else {
                organizations[proposal.organizationId] = _organization;
            }
        }
        emit NewProposal(proposalId, organizations[proposal.organizationId], _numOfChoices, msg.sender, _paramsHash);
        return proposalId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev voting function
     * @param _proposalId id of the proposal
     * @param _vote a value between 0 to and the proposal number of choices.
     * @param _amount the reputation amount to vote with . if _amount == 0 it will use all voter reputation.
     * @param _voter voter address
     * @return bool true - the proposal has been executed
     *              false - otherwise.
     */
    function vote(
        bytes32 _proposalId,
        uint256 _vote,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _voter)
        external
        votable(_proposalId)
        returns(bool)
        {

        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[_proposalId];
        Parameters memory params = parameters[proposal.paramsHash];
        address voter;
        if (params.voteOnBehalf != address(0)) {
            require(msg.sender == params.voteOnBehalf);
            voter = _voter;
        } else {
            voter = msg.sender;
        }
        return internalVote(_proposalId, voter, _vote, _amount);
    }

  /**
   * @dev Cancel the vote of the msg.sender: subtract the reputation amount from the votes
   * and delete the voter from the proposal struct
   * @param _proposalId id of the proposal
   */
    function cancelVote(bytes32 _proposalId) external votable(_proposalId) {
        cancelVoteInternal(_proposalId, msg.sender);
    }

    /**
      * @dev execute check if the proposal has been decided, and if so, execute the proposal
      * @param _proposalId the id of the proposal
      * @return bool true - the proposal has been executed
      *              false - otherwise.
     */
    function execute(bytes32 _proposalId) external votable(_proposalId) returns(bool) {
        return _execute(_proposalId);
    }

  /**
   * @dev getNumberOfChoices returns the number of choices possible in this proposal
   * excluding the abstain vote (0)
   * @param _proposalId the ID of the proposal
   * @return uint256 that contains number of choices
   */
    function getNumberOfChoices(bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(uint256) {
        return proposals[_proposalId].numOfChoices;
    }

  /**
   * @dev voteInfo returns the vote and the amount of reputation of the user committed to this proposal
   * @param _proposalId the ID of the proposal
   * @param _voter the address of the voter
   * @return uint256 vote - the voters vote
   *        uint256 reputation - amount of reputation committed by _voter to _proposalId
   */
    function voteInfo(bytes32 _proposalId, address _voter) external view returns(uint, uint) {
        Voter memory voter = proposals[_proposalId].voters[_voter];
        return (voter.vote, voter.reputation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev voteStatus returns the reputation voted for a proposal for a specific voting choice.
     * @param _proposalId the ID of the proposal
     * @param _choice the index in the
     * @return voted reputation for the given choice
     */
    function voteStatus(bytes32 _proposalId, uint256 _choice) external view returns(uint256) {
        return proposals[_proposalId].votes[_choice];
    }

    /**
      * @dev isVotable check if the proposal is votable
      * @param _proposalId the ID of the proposal
      * @return bool true or false
    */
    function isVotable(bytes32 _proposalId) external view returns(bool) {
        return  proposals[_proposalId].open;
    }

    /**
     * @dev isAbstainAllow returns if the voting machine allow abstain (0)
     * @return bool true or false
     */
    function isAbstainAllow() external pure returns(bool) {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev getAllowedRangeOfChoices returns the allowed range of choices for a voting machine.
     * @return min - minimum number of choices
               max - maximum number of choices
     */
    function getAllowedRangeOfChoices() external pure returns(uint256 min, uint256 max) {
        return (0, MAX_NUM_OF_CHOICES);
    }

    /**
     * @dev hash the parameters, save them if necessary, and return the hash value
    */
    function setParameters(uint256 _precReq, address _voteOnBehalf) public returns(bytes32) {
        require(_precReq <= 100 && _precReq > 0);
        bytes32 hashedParameters = getParametersHash(_precReq, _voteOnBehalf);
        parameters[hashedParameters] = Parameters({
            precReq: _precReq,
            voteOnBehalf: _voteOnBehalf
        });
        return hashedParameters;
    }

    /**
     * @dev hashParameters returns a hash of the given parameters
     */
    function getParametersHash(uint256 _precReq, address _voteOnBehalf) public pure returns(bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_precReq, _voteOnBehalf));
    }

    function cancelVoteInternal(bytes32 _proposalId, address _voter) internal {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[_proposalId];
        Voter memory voter = proposal.voters[_voter];
        proposal.votes[voter.vote] = (proposal.votes[voter.vote]).sub(voter.reputation);
        proposal.totalVotes = (proposal.totalVotes).sub(voter.reputation);
        delete proposal.voters[_voter];
        emit CancelVoting(_proposalId, organizations[proposal.organizationId], _voter);
    }

    function deleteProposal(bytes32 _proposalId) internal {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[_proposalId];
        for (uint256 cnt = 0; cnt <= proposal.numOfChoices; cnt++) {
            delete proposal.votes[cnt];
        }
        delete proposals[_proposalId];
    }

    /**
      * @dev execute check if the proposal has been decided, and if so, execute the proposal
      * @param _proposalId the id of the proposal
      * @return bool true - the proposal has been executed
      *              false - otherwise.
     */
    function _execute(bytes32 _proposalId) internal votable(_proposalId) returns(bool) {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[_proposalId];
        uint256 totalReputation =
        VotingMachineCallbacksInterface(proposal.callbacks).getTotalReputationSupply(_proposalId);
        uint256 precReq = parameters[proposal.paramsHash].precReq;
        // Check if someone crossed the bar:
        for (uint256 cnt = 0; cnt <= proposal.numOfChoices; cnt++) {
            if (proposal.votes[cnt] > (totalReputation/100)*precReq) {
                Proposal memory tmpProposal = proposal;
                deleteProposal(_proposalId);
                emit ExecuteProposal(_proposalId, organizations[tmpProposal.organizationId], cnt, totalReputation);
                return ProposalExecuteInterface(tmpProposal.callbacks).executeProposal(_proposalId, int(cnt));
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Vote for a proposal, if the voter already voted, cancel the last vote and set a new one instead
     * @param _proposalId id of the proposal
     * @param _voter used in case the vote is cast for someone else
     * @param _vote a value between 0 to and the proposal's number of choices.
     * @return true in case of proposal execution otherwise false
     * throws if proposal is not open or if it has been executed
     * NB: executes the proposal if a decision has been reached
     */
    function internalVote(bytes32 _proposalId, address _voter, uint256 _vote, uint256 _rep) internal returns(bool) {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[_proposalId];
        // Check valid vote:
        require(_vote <= proposal.numOfChoices);
        // Check voter has enough reputation:
        uint256 reputation = VotingMachineCallbacksInterface(proposal.callbacks).reputationOf(_voter, _proposalId);
        require(reputation > 0, "_voter must have reputation");
        require(reputation >= _rep);
        uint256 rep = _rep;
        if (rep == 0) {
            rep = reputation;
        }
        // If this voter has already voted, first cancel the vote:
        if (proposal.voters[_voter].reputation != 0) {
            cancelVoteInternal(_proposalId, _voter);
        }
        // The voting itself:
        proposal.votes[_vote] = rep.add(proposal.votes[_vote]);
        proposal.totalVotes = rep.add(proposal.totalVotes);
        proposal.voters[_voter] = Voter({
            reputation: rep,
            vote: _vote
        });
        // Event:
        emit VoteProposal(_proposalId, organizations[proposal.organizationId], _voter, _vote, rep);
        emit AVVoteProposal(_proposalId, (_voter != msg.sender));
        // execute the proposal if this vote was decisive:
        return _execute(_proposalId);
    }
}