// File: contracts/Frax/FraxAMOMinter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ====================================================================
// |     ______                   _______                             |
// |    / _____________ __  __   / ____(_____  ____ _____  ________   |
// |   / /_  / ___/ __ `| |/_/  / /_  / / __ \/ __ `/ __ \/ ___/ _ \  |
// |  / __/ / /  / /_/ _>  <   / __/ / / / / / /_/ / / / / /__/  __/  |
// | /_/   /_/   \__,_/_/|_|  /_/   /_/_/ /_/\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\___/   |
// |                                                                  |
// ====================================================================
// =========================== FraxAMOMinter ==========================
// ====================================================================
// globalCollateralValue() in Frax.sol is gassy because of the loop and all of the AMOs attached to it. 
// This minter would be single mint point for all of the AMOs, and would track the collatDollarBalance with a
// state variable after any mint occurs, or manually with a sync() call
// Frax Finance: https://github.com/FraxFinance

// Primary Author(s)
// Travis Moore: https://github.com/FortisFortuna

// Reviewer(s) / Contributor(s)
// Jason Huan: https://github.com/jasonhuan
// Sam Kazemian: https://github.com/samkazemian
// Dennis: github.com/denett
// Hameed

import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import "./IFrax.sol";
import "../FXS/FXS.sol";
import "../Frax/Pools/FraxPoolV3.sol";
import "../ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../Staking/Owned.sol";
import '../Uniswap/TransferHelper.sol';
import '../Misc_AMOs/IAMO.sol';

contract FraxAMOMinter is Owned {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */

    // Core
    IFrax public FRAX = IFrax(0x853d955aCEf822Db058eb8505911ED77F175b99e);
    FRAXShares public FXS = FRAXShares(0x3432B6A60D23Ca0dFCa7761B7ab56459D9C964D0);
    ERC20 public collateral_token;
    FraxPoolV3 public pool;
    address public timelock_address;
    address public custodian_address;

    // Collateral related
    address public collateral_address;
    uint256 public col_idx;

    // AMO addresses
    address[] public amos_array;
    mapping(address => bool) public amos; // Mapping is also used for faster verification

    // Price constants
    uint256 private constant PRICE_PRECISION = 1e6;

    // Max amount of collateral the contract can borrow from the FraxPool
    int256 public collat_borrow_cap = int256(10000000e6);

    // Max amount of FRAX this contract can mint
    int256 public mint_cap = int256(100000000e18);

    // Minimum collateral ratio needed for new FRAX minting
    uint256 public min_cr = 810000;

    // Mint balances
    mapping(address => int256) public mint_balances; // Amount of FRAX the contract minted, by AMO
    int256 public mint_sum = 0; // Across all AMOs

    // Collateral borrowed balances
    mapping(address => int256) public collat_borrowed_balances; // Amount of collateral the contract borrowed, by AMO
    int256 public collat_borrowed_sum = 0; // Across all AMOs

    // Frax balance related
    uint256 public fraxDollarBalanceStored = 0;

    // Collateral balance related
    uint256 public missing_decimals;
    uint256 public collatDollarBalanceStored = 0;
    bool public override_collat_balance;
    uint256 public override_collat_balance_amount;

    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */
    
    constructor (
        address _owner_address,
        address _custodian_address,
        address _timelock_address,
        address _collateral_address,
        address _pool_address
    ) Owned(_owner_address) {
        custodian_address = _custodian_address;
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;

        // Pool related
        pool = FraxPoolV3(_pool_address);

        // Collateral related
        collateral_address = _collateral_address;
        col_idx = pool.collateralAddrToIdx(_collateral_address);
        collateral_token = ERC20(0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48);
        missing_decimals = uint(18).sub(collateral_token.decimals());
    }

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyByOwnGov() {
        require(msg.sender == timelock_address || msg.sender == owner, "Not owner or timelock");
        _;
    }

    modifier validAMO(address amo_address) {
        require(amos[amo_address], "Invalid AMO");
        _;
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    // Needed for the Frax contract to function 
    function collatDollarBalance() external view returns (uint256) {
        // Needs to mimic the FraxPool value and return in E18
        // Override is here in case of a brick
        if (override_collat_balance){
            return override_collat_balance_amount;
        }
        else {
            // Saves gas by not having to do the array loop every time
            return collatDollarBalanceStored;
        }
    }

    function allAMOAddresses() external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return amos_array;
    }

    function allAMOsLength() external view returns (uint256) {
        return amos_array.length;
    }

    function unspentProfitGlobal() external view returns (int256) {
        return int256(fraxDollarBalanceStored) - mint_sum - (collat_borrowed_sum * int256(10 ** missing_decimals));
    }

    function amoProfit(address amo_address) external view returns (int256) {
        (uint256 frax_val_e18, ) = IAMO(amo_address).dollarBalances();
        return int256(frax_val_e18) - mint_balances[amo_address] - ((collat_borrowed_balances[amo_address]) * int256(10 ** missing_decimals));
    }
    
    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

    // Callable by anyone willing to pay the gas
    function syncDollarBalances() public {
        uint256 total_frax_value_d18 = 0;
        uint256 total_collateral_value_d18 = 0; 
        for (uint i = 0; i < amos_array.length; i++){ 
            // Exclude null addresses
            if (amos_array[i] != address(0)){
                (uint256 frax_val_e18, uint256 collat_val_e18) = IAMO(amos_array[i]).dollarBalances();

                total_frax_value_d18 = total_frax_value_d18.add(frax_val_e18);
                total_collateral_value_d18 = total_collateral_value_d18.add(collat_val_e18);
            }
        }
        fraxDollarBalanceStored = total_frax_value_d18;
        collatDollarBalanceStored = total_collateral_value_d18;
    }

    /* ========== OWNER / GOVERNANCE FUNCTIONS ONLY ========== */
    // Only owner or timelock can call, to limit risk 

    // This contract is essentially marked as a 'pool' so it can call OnlyPools functions like pool_mint and pool_burn_from
    // on the main FRAX contract
    function mintFraxForAMO(address destination_amo, uint256 frax_amount) external onlyByOwnGov validAMO(destination_amo) {
        int256 frax_amt_i256 = int256(frax_amount);

        // Make sure you aren't minting more than the mint cap
        require((mint_sum + frax_amt_i256) <= mint_cap, "Mint cap reached");
        mint_balances[destination_amo] += frax_amt_i256;
        mint_sum += frax_amt_i256;

        // Make sure the FRAX minting wouldn't push the CR down too much
        // This is also a sanity check for the int256 math
        uint256 current_collateral_E18 = FRAX.globalCollateralValue();
        uint256 cur_frax_supply = FRAX.totalSupply();
        uint256 new_frax_supply = cur_frax_supply.add(frax_amount);
        uint256 new_cr = (current_collateral_E18.mul(PRICE_PRECISION)).div(new_frax_supply);
        require(new_cr >= min_cr, "CR would be too low");

        // Mint the FRAX to the AMO
        FRAX.pool_mint(destination_amo, frax_amount);

        // Sync
        syncDollarBalances();
    }

    function giveCollatToAMO(
        address destination_amo,
        uint256 collat_amount
    ) external onlyByOwnGov validAMO(destination_amo) {
        int256 collat_amount_i256 = int256(collat_amount);

        require((collat_borrowed_sum + collat_amount_i256) <= collat_borrow_cap, "Borrow cap");
        collat_borrowed_balances[destination_amo] += collat_amount_i256;
        collat_borrowed_sum += collat_amount_i256;

        // Borrow the collateral
        pool.amoMinterBorrow(collat_amount);

        // Give the collateral to the AMO
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(collateral_address, destination_amo, collat_amount);

        // Sync
        syncDollarBalances();
    }

    function burnFraxFromAMO(uint256 frax_amount) external validAMO(msg.sender) {
        int256 frax_amt_i256 = int256(frax_amount);

        // Burn first
        FRAX.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, frax_amount);

        // Then update the balances
        mint_balances[msg.sender] -= frax_amt_i256;
        mint_sum -= frax_amt_i256;

        // Sync
        syncDollarBalances();
    }

    function burnFxsFromAMO(uint256 fxs_amount) external validAMO(msg.sender) {
        // Burn
        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, fxs_amount);
    }

    function receiveCollatFromAMO(uint256 usdc_amount) external validAMO(msg.sender) {
        int256 collat_amt_i256 = int256(usdc_amount);

        // Give back first
        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(collateral_address, msg.sender, address(pool), usdc_amount);

        // Then update the balances
        collat_borrowed_balances[msg.sender] -= collat_amt_i256;
        collat_borrowed_sum -= collat_amt_i256;

        // Sync
        syncDollarBalances();
    }

    /* ========== Burns and givebacks ========== */

    function burnFXS(uint256 amount) external onlyByOwnGov {
        FXS.approve(address(this), amount);
        FXS.pool_burn_from(address(this), amount);

        // Sync
        syncDollarBalances();
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED GOVERNANCE FUNCTIONS ========== */

    // Adds an AMO 
    function addAMO(address amo_address, bool sync_too) public onlyByOwnGov {
        require(amo_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        (uint256 frax_val_e18, uint256 collat_val_e18) = IAMO(amo_address).dollarBalances();
        require(frax_val_e18 >= 0 && collat_val_e18 >= 0, "Invalid AMO");

        require(amos[amo_address] == false, "Address already exists");
        amos[amo_address] = true; 
        amos_array.push(amo_address);

        mint_balances[amo_address] = 0;
        collat_borrowed_balances[amo_address] = 0;

        if (sync_too) syncDollarBalances();

        emit AMOAdded(amo_address);
    }

    // Removes an AMO
    function removeAMO(address amo_address, bool sync_too) public onlyByOwnGov {
        require(amo_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");
        require(amos[amo_address] == true, "Address nonexistant");
        
        // Delete from the mapping
        delete amos[amo_address];

        // 'Delete' from the array by setting the address to 0x0
        for (uint i = 0; i < amos_array.length; i++){ 
            if (amos_array[i] == amo_address) {
                amos_array[i] = address(0); // This will leave a null in the array and keep the indices the same
                break;
            }
        }

        if (sync_too) syncDollarBalances();

        emit AMORemoved(amo_address);
    }

    function setTimelock(address new_timelock) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(new_timelock != address(0), "Timelock address cannot be 0");
        timelock_address = new_timelock;
    }

    function setCustodian(address _custodian_address) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(_custodian_address != address(0), "Custodian address cannot be 0");        
        custodian_address = _custodian_address;
    }

    // Only owner or timelock can call
    function setMintCap(uint256 _mint_cap) external onlyByOwnGov {
        mint_cap = int256(_mint_cap);
    }

    function setMinimumCollateralRatio(uint256 _min_cr) external onlyByOwnGov {
        min_cr = _min_cr;
    }

    function setOverrideCollatBalance(bool _state, uint256 _balance) external onlyByOwnGov {
        override_collat_balance = _state;
        override_collat_balance_amount = _balance;
    }

    function setFraxPool(address _pool_address) external onlyByOwnGov {
        pool = FraxPoolV3(_pool_address);

        // Make sure the collaterals match, or balances could get corrupted
        require(pool.collateralAddrToIdx(collateral_address) == col_idx, "col_idx mismatch");
    }

    function recoverERC20(address tokenAddress, uint256 tokenAmount) external onlyByOwnGov {
        // Can only be triggered by owner or governance
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(tokenAddress, owner, tokenAmount);
        
        emit Recovered(tokenAddress, tokenAmount);
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    event AMOAdded(address amo_address);
    event AMORemoved(address amo_address);
    event Recovered(address token, uint256 amount);
}
// File: contracts/Math/SafeMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}
// File: contracts/Frax/IFrax.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IFrax {
  function COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER() external view returns (bytes32);
  function DEFAULT_ADMIN_ADDRESS() external view returns (address);
  function DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE() external view returns (bytes32);
  function addPool(address pool_address ) external;
  function allowance(address owner, address spender ) external view returns (uint256);
  function approve(address spender, uint256 amount ) external returns (bool);
  function balanceOf(address account ) external view returns (uint256);
  function burn(uint256 amount ) external;
  function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount ) external;
  function collateral_ratio_paused() external view returns (bool);
  function controller_address() external view returns (address);
  function creator_address() external view returns (address);
  function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
  function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue ) external returns (bool);
  function eth_usd_consumer_address() external view returns (address);
  function eth_usd_price() external view returns (uint256);
  function frax_eth_oracle_address() external view returns (address);
  function frax_info() external view returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256);
  function frax_pools(address ) external view returns (bool);
  function frax_pools_array(uint256 ) external view returns (address);
  function frax_price() external view returns (uint256);
  function frax_step() external view returns (uint256);
  function fxs_address() external view returns (address);
  function fxs_eth_oracle_address() external view returns (address);
  function fxs_price() external view returns (uint256);
  function genesis_supply() external view returns (uint256);
  function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role ) external view returns (bytes32);
  function getRoleMember(bytes32 role, uint256 index ) external view returns (address);
  function getRoleMemberCount(bytes32 role ) external view returns (uint256);
  function globalCollateralValue() external view returns (uint256);
  function global_collateral_ratio() external view returns (uint256);
  function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account ) external;
  function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account ) external view returns (bool);
  function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue ) external returns (bool);
  function last_call_time() external view returns (uint256);
  function minting_fee() external view returns (uint256);
  function name() external view returns (string memory);
  function owner_address() external view returns (address);
  function pool_burn_from(address b_address, uint256 b_amount ) external;
  function pool_mint(address m_address, uint256 m_amount ) external;
  function price_band() external view returns (uint256);
  function price_target() external view returns (uint256);
  function redemption_fee() external view returns (uint256);
  function refreshCollateralRatio() external;
  function refresh_cooldown() external view returns (uint256);
  function removePool(address pool_address ) external;
  function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account ) external;
  function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account ) external;
  function setController(address _controller_address ) external;
  function setETHUSDOracle(address _eth_usd_consumer_address ) external;
  function setFRAXEthOracle(address _frax_oracle_addr, address _weth_address ) external;
  function setFXSAddress(address _fxs_address ) external;
  function setFXSEthOracle(address _fxs_oracle_addr, address _weth_address ) external;
  function setFraxStep(uint256 _new_step ) external;
  function setMintingFee(uint256 min_fee ) external;
  function setOwner(address _owner_address ) external;
  function setPriceBand(uint256 _price_band ) external;
  function setPriceTarget(uint256 _new_price_target ) external;
  function setRedemptionFee(uint256 red_fee ) external;
  function setRefreshCooldown(uint256 _new_cooldown ) external;
  function setTimelock(address new_timelock ) external;
  function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
  function timelock_address() external view returns (address);
  function toggleCollateralRatio() external;
  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount ) external returns (bool);
  function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount ) external returns (bool);
  function weth_address() external view returns (address);
}
// File: contracts/FXS/FXS.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ====================================================================
// |     ______                   _______                             |
// |    / _____________ __  __   / ____(_____  ____ _____  ________   |
// |   / /_  / ___/ __ `| |/_/  / /_  / / __ \/ __ `/ __ \/ ___/ _ \  |
// |  / __/ / /  / /_/ _>  <   / __/ / / / / / /_/ / / / / /__/  __/  |
// | /_/   /_/   \__,_/_/|_|  /_/   /_/_/ /_/\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\___/   |
// |                                                                  |
// ====================================================================
// ========================= FRAXShares (FXS) =========================
// ====================================================================
// Frax Finance: https://github.com/FraxFinance

// Primary Author(s)
// Travis Moore: https://github.com/FortisFortuna
// Jason Huan: https://github.com/jasonhuan
// Sam Kazemian: https://github.com/samkazemian

// Reviewer(s) / Contributor(s)
// Sam Sun: https://github.com/samczsun

import "../Common/Context.sol";
import "../ERC20/ERC20Custom.sol";
import "../ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../Frax/Frax.sol";
import "../Staking/Owned.sol";
import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../Governance/AccessControl.sol";

contract FRAXShares is ERC20Custom, AccessControl, Owned {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */

    string public symbol;
    string public name;
    uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
    address public FRAXStablecoinAdd;
    
    uint256 public constant genesis_supply = 100000000e18; // 100M is printed upon genesis

    address public oracle_address;
    address public timelock_address; // Governance timelock address
    FRAXStablecoin private FRAX;

    bool public trackingVotes = true; // Tracking votes (only change if need to disable votes)

    // A checkpoint for marking number of votes from a given block
    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 fromBlock;
        uint96 votes;
    }

    // A record of votes checkpoints for each account, by index
    mapping (address => mapping (uint32 => Checkpoint)) public checkpoints;

    // The number of checkpoints for each account
    mapping (address => uint32) public numCheckpoints;

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyPools() {
       require(FRAX.frax_pools(msg.sender) == true, "Only frax pools can mint new FRAX");
        _;
    } 
    
    modifier onlyByOwnGov() {
        require(msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == timelock_address, "You are not an owner or the governance timelock");
        _;
    }

    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */

    constructor (
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol, 
        address _oracle_address,
        address _creator_address,
        address _timelock_address
    ) public Owned(_creator_address){
        require((_oracle_address != address(0)) && (_timelock_address != address(0)), "Zero address detected"); 
        name = _name;
        symbol = _symbol;
        oracle_address = _oracle_address;
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
        _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender());
        _mint(_creator_address, genesis_supply);

        // Do a checkpoint for the owner
        _writeCheckpoint(_creator_address, 0, 0, uint96(genesis_supply));
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function setOracle(address new_oracle) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(new_oracle != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        oracle_address = new_oracle;
    }

    function setTimelock(address new_timelock) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(new_timelock != address(0), "Timelock address cannot be 0");
        timelock_address = new_timelock;
    }
    
    function setFRAXAddress(address frax_contract_address) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(frax_contract_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        FRAX = FRAXStablecoin(frax_contract_address);

        emit FRAXAddressSet(frax_contract_address);
    }
    
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyPools {
        _mint(to, amount);
    }
    
    // This function is what other frax pools will call to mint new FXS (similar to the FRAX mint) 
    function pool_mint(address m_address, uint256 m_amount) external onlyPools {        
        if(trackingVotes){
            uint32 srcRepNum = numCheckpoints[address(this)];
            uint96 srcRepOld = srcRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[address(this)][srcRepNum - 1].votes : 0;
            uint96 srcRepNew = add96(srcRepOld, uint96(m_amount), "pool_mint new votes overflows");
            _writeCheckpoint(address(this), srcRepNum, srcRepOld, srcRepNew); // mint new votes
            trackVotes(address(this), m_address, uint96(m_amount));
        }

        super._mint(m_address, m_amount);
        emit FXSMinted(address(this), m_address, m_amount);
    }

    // This function is what other frax pools will call to burn FXS 
    function pool_burn_from(address b_address, uint256 b_amount) external onlyPools {
        if(trackingVotes){
            trackVotes(b_address, address(this), uint96(b_amount));
            uint32 srcRepNum = numCheckpoints[address(this)];
            uint96 srcRepOld = srcRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[address(this)][srcRepNum - 1].votes : 0;
            uint96 srcRepNew = sub96(srcRepOld, uint96(b_amount), "pool_burn_from new votes underflows");
            _writeCheckpoint(address(this), srcRepNum, srcRepOld, srcRepNew); // burn votes
        }

        super._burnFrom(b_address, b_amount);
        emit FXSBurned(b_address, address(this), b_amount);
    }

    function toggleVotes() external onlyByOwnGov {
        trackingVotes = !trackingVotes;
    }

    /* ========== OVERRIDDEN PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        if(trackingVotes){
            // Transfer votes
            trackVotes(_msgSender(), recipient, uint96(amount));
        }

        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        if(trackingVotes){
            // Transfer votes
            trackVotes(sender, recipient, uint96(amount));
        }

        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));

        return true;
    }

    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

    /**
     * @notice Gets the current votes balance for `account`
     * @param account The address to get votes balance
     * @return The number of current votes for `account`
     */
    function getCurrentVotes(address account) external view returns (uint96) {
        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];
        return nCheckpoints > 0 ? checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].votes : 0;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determine the prior number of votes for an account as of a block number
     * @dev Block number must be a finalized block or else this function will revert to prevent misinformation.
     * @param account The address of the account to check
     * @param blockNumber The block number to get the vote balance at
     * @return The number of votes the account had as of the given block
     */
    function getPriorVotes(address account, uint blockNumber) public view returns (uint96) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "FXS::getPriorVotes: not yet determined");

        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];
        if (nCheckpoints == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // First check most recent balance
        if (checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].fromBlock <= blockNumber) {
            return checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].votes;
        }

        // Next check implicit zero balance
        if (checkpoints[account][0].fromBlock > blockNumber) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint32 lower = 0;
        uint32 upper = nCheckpoints - 1;
        while (upper > lower) {
            uint32 center = upper - (upper - lower) / 2; // ceil, avoiding overflow
            Checkpoint memory cp = checkpoints[account][center];
            if (cp.fromBlock == blockNumber) {
                return cp.votes;
            } else if (cp.fromBlock < blockNumber) {
                lower = center;
            } else {
                upper = center - 1;
            }
        }
        return checkpoints[account][lower].votes;
    }

    /* ========== INTERNAL FUNCTIONS ========== */

    // From compound's _moveDelegates
    // Keep track of votes. "Delegates" is a misnomer here
    function trackVotes(address srcRep, address dstRep, uint96 amount) internal {
        if (srcRep != dstRep && amount > 0) {
            if (srcRep != address(0)) {
                uint32 srcRepNum = numCheckpoints[srcRep];
                uint96 srcRepOld = srcRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[srcRep][srcRepNum - 1].votes : 0;
                uint96 srcRepNew = sub96(srcRepOld, amount, "FXS::_moveVotes: vote amount underflows");
                _writeCheckpoint(srcRep, srcRepNum, srcRepOld, srcRepNew);
            }

            if (dstRep != address(0)) {
                uint32 dstRepNum = numCheckpoints[dstRep];
                uint96 dstRepOld = dstRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[dstRep][dstRepNum - 1].votes : 0;
                uint96 dstRepNew = add96(dstRepOld, amount, "FXS::_moveVotes: vote amount overflows");
                _writeCheckpoint(dstRep, dstRepNum, dstRepOld, dstRepNew);
            }
        }
    }

    function _writeCheckpoint(address voter, uint32 nCheckpoints, uint96 oldVotes, uint96 newVotes) internal {
      uint32 blockNumber = safe32(block.number, "FXS::_writeCheckpoint: block number exceeds 32 bits");

      if (nCheckpoints > 0 && checkpoints[voter][nCheckpoints - 1].fromBlock == blockNumber) {
          checkpoints[voter][nCheckpoints - 1].votes = newVotes;
      } else {
          checkpoints[voter][nCheckpoints] = Checkpoint(blockNumber, newVotes);
          numCheckpoints[voter] = nCheckpoints + 1;
      }

      emit VoterVotesChanged(voter, oldVotes, newVotes);
    }

    function safe32(uint n, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(n < 2**32, errorMessage);
        return uint32(n);
    }

    function safe96(uint n, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(n < 2**96, errorMessage);
        return uint96(n);
    }

    function add96(uint96 a, uint96 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        uint96 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, errorMessage);
        return c;
    }

    function sub96(uint96 a, uint96 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        return a - b;
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */
    
    /// @notice An event thats emitted when a voters account's vote balance changes
    event VoterVotesChanged(address indexed voter, uint previousBalance, uint newBalance);

    // Track FXS burned
    event FXSBurned(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    // Track FXS minted
    event FXSMinted(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    event FRAXAddressSet(address addr);
}

// File: contracts/Frax/Pools/FraxPoolV3.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ====================================================================
// |     ______                   _______                             |
// |    / _____________ __  __   / ____(_____  ____ _____  ________   |
// |   / /_  / ___/ __ `| |/_/  / /_  / / __ \/ __ `/ __ \/ ___/ _ \  |
// |  / __/ / /  / /_/ _>  <   / __/ / / / / / /_/ / / / / /__/  __/  |
// | /_/   /_/   \__,_/_/|_|  /_/   /_/_/ /_/\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\___/   |
// |                                                                  |
// ====================================================================
// ============================ FraxPoolV3 ============================
// ====================================================================
// Allows multiple stablecoins (fixed amount at initialization) as collateral
// LUSD, sUSD, USDP, Wrapped UST, and FEI initially
// For this pool, the goal is to accept crypto-backed / overcollateralized stablecoins to limit
// government / regulatory risk (e.g. USDC blacklisting until holders KYC)

// Frax Finance: https://github.com/FraxFinance

// Primary Author(s)
// Travis Moore: https://github.com/FortisFortuna

// Reviewer(s) / Contributor(s)
// Jason Huan: https://github.com/jasonhuan
// Sam Kazemian: https://github.com/samkazemian
// Dennis: github.com/denett
// Hameed

import "../../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import '../../Uniswap/TransferHelper.sol';
import "../../Staking/Owned.sol";
import "../../FXS/FXS.sol";
import "../../Frax/Frax.sol";
import "../../Frax/FraxAMOMinter.sol";
import "../../ERC20/ERC20.sol";

contract FraxPoolV3 is Owned {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */

    // Core
    address public timelock_address;
    address public custodian_address; // Custodian is an EOA (or msig) with pausing privileges only, in case of an emergency
    FRAXStablecoin private FRAX = FRAXStablecoin(0x853d955aCEf822Db058eb8505911ED77F175b99e);
    FRAXShares private FXS = FRAXShares(0x3432B6A60D23Ca0dFCa7761B7ab56459D9C964D0);
    mapping(address => bool) public amo_minter_addresses; // minter address -> is it enabled

    // Collateral
    address[] public collateral_addresses;
    string[] public collateral_symbols;
    uint256[] public missing_decimals; // Number of decimals needed to get to E18. collateral index -> missing_decimals
    uint256[] public pool_ceilings; // Total across all collaterals. Accounts for missing_decimals
    uint256[] public collateral_prices; // Stores price of the collateral, if price is paused
    mapping(address => uint256) public collateralAddrToIdx; // collateral addr -> collateral index
    mapping(address => bool) public enabled_pools; // collateral address -> is it enabled
    
    // Redeem related
    mapping (address => uint256) public redeemFXSBalances;
    mapping (address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) public redeemCollateralBalances; // Address -> collateral index -> balance
    uint256[] public unclaimedPoolCollateral; // collateral index -> balance
    uint256 public unclaimedPoolFXS;
    mapping (address => uint256) public lastRedeemed; // Collateral independent
    uint256 public redemption_delay = 2; // Number of blocks to wait before being able to collectRedemption()
    uint256 public redeem_price_threshold = 990000; // $0.99
    uint256 public mint_price_threshold = 1010000; // $1.01
    
    // Fees and rates
    // getters are in collateral_information()
    uint256[] private minting_fee;
    uint256[] private redemption_fee;
    uint256[] private buyback_fee;
    uint256[] private recollat_fee;
    uint256 public bonus_rate; // Bonus rate on FXS minted during recollateralizeFrax(); 6 decimals of precision, set to 0.75% on genesis
    
    // Constants for various precisions
    uint256 private constant PRICE_PRECISION = 1e6;

    // Pause variables
    // getters are in collateral_information()
    bool[] private mintPaused; // Collateral-specific
    bool[] private redeemPaused; // Collateral-specific
    bool[] private recollateralizePaused; // Collateral-specific
    bool[] private buyBackPaused; // Collateral-specific

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyByOwnGov() {
        require(msg.sender == timelock_address || msg.sender == owner, "Not owner or timelock");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyByOwnGovCust() {
        require(msg.sender == timelock_address || msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == custodian_address, "Not owner, tlck, or custd");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyAMOMinters() {
        require(amo_minter_addresses[msg.sender], "Not an AMO Minter");
        _;
    }

    modifier collateralEnabled(uint256 col_idx) {
        require(enabled_pools[collateral_addresses[col_idx]], "Collateral disabled");
        _;
    }
 
    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */
    
    constructor (
        address _pool_manager_address,
        address _custodian_address,
        address _timelock_address,
        address[] memory _collateral_addresses,
        uint256[] memory _pool_ceilings,
        uint256[] memory _initial_fees
    ) Owned(_pool_manager_address){
        // Core
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
        custodian_address = _custodian_address;

        // Fill collateral info
        collateral_addresses = _collateral_addresses;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _collateral_addresses.length; i++){ 
            // For fast collateral address -> collateral idx lookups later
            collateralAddrToIdx[_collateral_addresses[i]] = i;

            // Validate the collaterals
            enabled_pools[_collateral_addresses[i]] = true;

            // Add in the missing decimals
            missing_decimals.push(uint256(18).sub(ERC20(_collateral_addresses[i]).decimals()));

            // Add in the collateral symbols
            collateral_symbols.push(ERC20(_collateral_addresses[i]).symbol());

            // Initialize unclaimed pool collateral
            unclaimedPoolCollateral.push(0);

            // Initialize paused prices to $1 as a backup
            collateral_prices.push(PRICE_PRECISION);

            // Handle the fees
            minting_fee.push(_initial_fees[0]);
            redemption_fee.push(_initial_fees[1]);
            buyback_fee.push(_initial_fees[2]);
            recollat_fee.push(_initial_fees[3]);

            // Handle the pauses
            mintPaused.push(false);
            redeemPaused.push(false);
            recollateralizePaused.push(false);
            buyBackPaused.push(false);
        }

        // Pool ceiling
        pool_ceilings = _pool_ceilings;
    }

    /* ========== STRUCTS ========== */
    
    struct CollateralInformation {
        uint256 index;
        string symbol;
        address col_addr;
        bool is_enabled;
        uint256 missing_decs;
        uint256 price;
        uint256 pool_ceiling;
        bool mint_paused;
        bool redeem_paused;
        bool recollat_paused;
        bool buyback_paused;
        uint256 minting_fee;
        uint256 redemption_fee;
        uint256 buyback_fee;
        uint256 recollat_fee;
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    // Helpful for UIs
    function collateral_information(address collat_address) external view returns (CollateralInformation memory return_data){
        require(enabled_pools[collat_address], "Invalid collateral");

        // Get the index
        uint256 idx = collateralAddrToIdx[collat_address];
        
        return_data = CollateralInformation(
            idx, // [0]
            collateral_symbols[idx], // [1]
            collat_address, // [2]
            enabled_pools[collat_address], // [3]
            missing_decimals[idx], // [4]
            collateral_prices[idx], // [5]
            pool_ceilings[idx], // [6]
            mintPaused[idx], // [7]
            redeemPaused[idx], // [8]
            recollateralizePaused[idx], // [9]
            buyBackPaused[idx], // [10]
            minting_fee[idx], // [11]
            redemption_fee[idx], // [12]
            buyback_fee[idx], // [13]
            recollat_fee[idx] // [14]
        );
    }

    // Helpful for UIs
    function allCollateralAddresses() external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return collateral_addresses;
    }

    // Helpful for UIs
    function allCollateralSymbols() external view returns (string[] memory){
        return collateral_symbols;
    }

    // Returns the FRAX value in collateral tokens
    function getFRAXInCollateral(uint256 col_idx, uint256 frax_amount) public view returns (uint256) {
        return frax_amount.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(10 ** missing_decimals[col_idx]).div(collateral_prices[col_idx]);
    }

    // Used by some functions.
    function freeCollatBalance(uint256 col_idx) public view returns (uint256) {
        return ERC20(collateral_addresses[col_idx]).balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx]);
    }

    // Returns dollar value of collateral held in this Frax pool, in E18
    function collatDollarBalance() external view returns (uint256 balance_tally) {
        balance_tally = 0;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < collateral_addresses.length; i++){ 
            ERC20 collat_token = ERC20(collateral_addresses[i]);
            if (enabled_pools[collateral_addresses[i]]){
                balance_tally = balance_tally.add((collat_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral[i])).mul(10 ** missing_decimals[i]).mul(collateral_prices[i]).div(PRICE_PRECISION));
            }
        }
    }

    // Returns the value of excess collateral held in this Frax pool, compared to what is needed to maintain the global collateral ratio
    function availableExcessCollatDV() public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 total_supply = FRAX.totalSupply();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();
        uint256 global_collat_value = FRAX.globalCollateralValue();

        if (global_collateral_ratio > PRICE_PRECISION) global_collateral_ratio = PRICE_PRECISION; // Handles an overcollateralized contract with CR > 1
        uint256 required_collat_dollar_value_d18 = (total_supply.mul(global_collateral_ratio)).div(PRICE_PRECISION); // Calculates collateral needed to back each 1 FRAX with $1 of collateral at current collat ratio
        if (global_collat_value > required_collat_dollar_value_d18) return global_collat_value.sub(required_collat_dollar_value_d18);
        else return 0;
    }

    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */

     function mintFrax(
        uint256 col_idx, 
        uint256 frax_amt,
        uint256 frax_out_min,
        bool one_to_one_override
    ) external collateralEnabled(col_idx) returns (
        uint256 total_frax_mint, 
        uint256 collat_needed, 
        uint256 fxs_needed
    ) {
        require(mintPaused[col_idx] == false, "Minting is paused");

        // Prevent unneccessary mints
        require(FRAX.frax_price() >= mint_price_threshold, "Frax price too low");

        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();

        if (one_to_one_override || global_collateral_ratio >= PRICE_PRECISION) { 
            // 1-to-1, overcollateralized, or user selects override
            collat_needed = getFRAXInCollateral(col_idx, frax_amt);
            fxs_needed = 0;
        } else if (global_collateral_ratio == 0) { 
            // Algorithmic
            collat_needed = 0;
            fxs_needed = frax_amt.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(FRAX.fxs_price());
        } else { 
            // Fractional
            uint256 frax_for_collat = frax_amt.mul(global_collateral_ratio).div(PRICE_PRECISION);
            uint256 frax_for_fxs = frax_amt.sub(frax_for_collat);
            collat_needed = getFRAXInCollateral(col_idx, frax_for_collat);
            fxs_needed = frax_for_fxs.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(FRAX.fxs_price());
        }

        // Subtract the minting fee
        total_frax_mint = (frax_amt.mul(PRICE_PRECISION.sub(minting_fee[col_idx]))).div(PRICE_PRECISION);

        // Checks
        require((frax_out_min <= total_frax_mint), "FRAX slippage");
        require(freeCollatBalance(col_idx).add(collat_needed) <= pool_ceilings[col_idx], "Pool ceiling");

        // Take the FXS and collateral first
        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, fxs_needed);
        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(collateral_addresses[col_idx], msg.sender, address(this), collat_needed);

        // Mint the FRAX
        FRAX.pool_mint(msg.sender, total_frax_mint);
    }

    function redeemFrax(
        uint256 col_idx, 
        uint256 frax_amount, 
        uint256 fxs_out_min, 
        uint256 col_out_min
    ) external collateralEnabled(col_idx) returns (
        uint256 collat_out, 
        uint256 fxs_out
    ) {
        require(redeemPaused[col_idx] == false, "Redeeming is paused");

        // Prevent unneccessary redemptions that could adversely affect the FXS price
        require(FRAX.frax_price() <= redeem_price_threshold, "Frax price too high");

        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();
        uint256 frax_after_fee = (frax_amount.mul(PRICE_PRECISION.sub(redemption_fee[col_idx]))).div(PRICE_PRECISION);

        // Assumes $1 FRAX in all cases
        if(global_collateral_ratio >= PRICE_PRECISION) { 
            // 1-to-1 or overcollateralized
            collat_out = frax_after_fee
                            .mul(collateral_prices[col_idx])
                            .div(10 ** (6 + missing_decimals[col_idx])); // PRICE_PRECISION + missing decimals
            fxs_out = 0;
        } else if (global_collateral_ratio == 0) { 
            // Algorithmic
            fxs_out = frax_after_fee
                            .mul(PRICE_PRECISION)
                            .div(FRAX.fxs_price());
            collat_out = 0;
        } else { 
            // Fractional
            collat_out = frax_after_fee
                            .mul(global_collateral_ratio)
                            .mul(collateral_prices[col_idx])
                            .div(10 ** (12 + missing_decimals[col_idx])); // PRICE_PRECISION ^2 + missing decimals
            fxs_out = frax_after_fee
                            .mul(PRICE_PRECISION.sub(global_collateral_ratio))
                            .div(FRAX.fxs_price()); // PRICE_PRECISIONS CANCEL OUT
        }

        // Checks
        require(collat_out <= (ERC20(collateral_addresses[col_idx])).balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx]), "Insufficient pool collateral");
        require(collat_out >= col_out_min, "Collateral slippage");
        require(fxs_out >= fxs_out_min, "FXS slippage");

        // Account for the redeem delay
        redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender][col_idx] = redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender][col_idx].add(collat_out);
        unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx] = unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx].add(collat_out);

        redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] = redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender].add(fxs_out);
        unclaimedPoolFXS = unclaimedPoolFXS.add(fxs_out);

        lastRedeemed[msg.sender] = block.number;

        FRAX.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, frax_amount);
        FXS.pool_mint(address(this), fxs_out);
    }

    // After a redemption happens, transfer the newly minted FXS and owed collateral from this pool
    // contract to the user. Redemption is split into two functions to prevent flash loans from being able
    // to take out FRAX/collateral from the system, use an AMM to trade the new price, and then mint back into the system.
    function collectRedemption(uint256 col_idx) external returns (uint256 fxs_amount, uint256 collateral_amount) {
        require(redeemPaused[col_idx] == false, "Redeeming is paused");
        require((lastRedeemed[msg.sender].add(redemption_delay)) <= block.number, "Too soon");
        bool sendFXS = false;
        bool sendCollateral = false;

        // Use Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern
        if(redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] > 0){
            fxs_amount = redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender];
            redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] = 0;
            unclaimedPoolFXS = unclaimedPoolFXS.sub(fxs_amount);
            sendFXS = true;
        }
        
        if(redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender][col_idx] > 0){
            collateral_amount = redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender][col_idx];
            redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender][col_idx] = 0;
            unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx] = unclaimedPoolCollateral[col_idx].sub(collateral_amount);
            sendCollateral = true;
        }

        // Send out the tokens
        if(sendFXS){
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(address(FXS), msg.sender, fxs_amount);
        }
        if(sendCollateral){
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(collateral_addresses[col_idx], msg.sender, collateral_amount);
        }
    }

    // Function can be called by an FXS holder to have the protocol buy back FXS with excess collateral value from a desired collateral pool
    // This can also happen if the collateral ratio > 1
    function buyBackFxs(uint256 col_idx, uint256 fxs_amount, uint256 col_out_min) external collateralEnabled(col_idx) returns (uint256 col_out) {
        require(buyBackPaused[col_idx] == false, "Buyback is paused");
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 available_excess_collat_dv = availableExcessCollatDV();

        // If the total collateral value is higher than the amount required at the current collateral ratio then buy back up to the possible FXS with the desired collateral
        require(available_excess_collat_dv > 0, "No excess collateral");

        // Make sure not to take more than is available
        uint256 fxs_dollar_value_d18 = fxs_amount.mul(fxs_price).div(PRICE_PRECISION);
        require(fxs_dollar_value_d18 <= available_excess_collat_dv, "Not enough excess collat");

        // Get the equivalent amount of collateral based on the market value of FXS provided 
        uint256 collateral_equivalent_d18 = fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(collateral_prices[col_idx]);
        col_out = collateral_equivalent_d18.div(10 ** missing_decimals[col_idx]); // In its natural decimals()

        // Subtract the buyback fee
        col_out = (col_out.mul(PRICE_PRECISION.sub(buyback_fee[col_idx]))).div(PRICE_PRECISION);

        // Check for slippage
        require(col_out >= col_out_min, "Collateral slippage");

        // Take in and burn the FXS, then send out the collateral
        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, fxs_amount);
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(collateral_addresses[col_idx], msg.sender, col_out);
    }

    // When the protocol is recollateralizing, we need to give a discount of FXS to hit the new CR target
    // Thus, if the target collateral ratio is higher than the actual value of collateral, minters get FXS for adding collateral
    // This function simply rewards anyone that sends collateral to a pool with the same amount of FXS + the bonus rate
    // Anyone can call this function to recollateralize the protocol and take the extra FXS value from the bonus rate as an arb opportunity
    function recollateralizeFrax(uint256 col_idx, uint256 collateral_amount, uint256 fxs_out_min) external collateralEnabled(col_idx) returns (uint256 collateral_units_precision, uint256 fxs_paid_back) {
        require(recollateralizePaused[col_idx] == false, "Recollat is paused");
        uint256 collateral_amount_d18 = collateral_amount * (10 ** missing_decimals[col_idx]);
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 collateral_units;
        uint256 amount_to_recollat;
        {
            uint256 frax_total_supply = FRAX.totalSupply();
            uint256 collat_value_attempted = collateral_amount_d18.mul(collateral_prices[col_idx]).div(PRICE_PRECISION);
            uint256 effective_collateral_ratio = FRAX.globalCollateralValue().mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(frax_total_supply); //returns it in 1e6
            uint256 recollat_possible = (FRAX.global_collateral_ratio().mul(frax_total_supply).sub(frax_total_supply.mul(effective_collateral_ratio))).div(PRICE_PRECISION);

            if(collat_value_attempted <= recollat_possible){
                amount_to_recollat = collat_value_attempted;
            } else {
                amount_to_recollat = recollat_possible;
            }

            collateral_units = amount_to_recollat.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(collateral_prices[col_idx]);
        }

        collateral_units_precision = collateral_units.div(10 ** missing_decimals[col_idx]); // In its natural decimals()
        fxs_paid_back = amount_to_recollat.mul(PRICE_PRECISION.add(bonus_rate).sub(recollat_fee[col_idx])).div(fxs_price);

        // Check slippage
        require(fxs_out_min <= fxs_paid_back, "FXS slippage");

        // Check pool ceiling
        require(freeCollatBalance(col_idx).add(collateral_units_precision) <= pool_ceilings[col_idx], "Pool ceiling");

        // Take in the collateral and pay out the FXS
        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(collateral_addresses[col_idx], msg.sender, address(this), collateral_units_precision);
        FXS.pool_mint(msg.sender, fxs_paid_back);
    }

    // Bypasses the gassy mint->redeem cycle for AMOs to borrow collateral
    function amoMinterBorrow(uint256 collateral_amount) external onlyAMOMinters {
        // Checks the col_idx of the minter as an additional safety check
        uint256 minter_col_idx = FraxAMOMinter(msg.sender).col_idx();

        // Transfer
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(collateral_addresses[minter_col_idx], msg.sender, collateral_amount);
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS, CUSTODIAN CAN CALL TOO ========== */

    function toggleMinting(uint256 col_idx) external onlyByOwnGovCust {
        mintPaused[col_idx] = !mintPaused[col_idx];

        emit MintingToggled(col_idx, mintPaused[col_idx]);
    }

    function toggleRedeeming(uint256 col_idx) external onlyByOwnGovCust {
        redeemPaused[col_idx] = !redeemPaused[col_idx];

        emit RedeemingToggled(col_idx, redeemPaused[col_idx]);
    }

    function toggleRecollateralize(uint256 col_idx) external onlyByOwnGovCust {
        recollateralizePaused[col_idx] = !recollateralizePaused[col_idx];

        emit RecollateralizeToggled(col_idx, recollateralizePaused[col_idx]);
    }
    
    function toggleBuyBack(uint256 col_idx) external onlyByOwnGovCust {
        buyBackPaused[col_idx] = !buyBackPaused[col_idx];

        emit BuybackToggled(col_idx, buyBackPaused[col_idx]);
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS, GOVERNANCE ONLY ========== */

    // Add an AMO Minter
    function addAMOMinter(address amo_minter_addr) external onlyByOwnGov {
        require(amo_minter_addr != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        // Make sure the AMO Minter has collatDollarBalance()
        uint256 collat_val_e18 = FraxAMOMinter(amo_minter_addr).collatDollarBalance();
        require(collat_val_e18 >= 0, "Invalid AMO");

        amo_minter_addresses[amo_minter_addr] = true;

        emit AMOMinterAdded(amo_minter_addr);
    }

    // Remove an AMO Minter 
    function removeAMOMinter(address amo_minter_addr) external onlyByOwnGov {
        amo_minter_addresses[amo_minter_addr] = false;
        
        emit AMOMinterRemoved(amo_minter_addr);
    }

    function setCollateralPrice(uint256 col_idx, uint256 _new_price) external onlyByOwnGov {
        collateral_prices[col_idx] = _new_price;

        emit CollateralPriceSet(col_idx, _new_price);
    }

    function togglePool(uint256 col_idx) external onlyByOwnGov {
        address pool_address = collateral_addresses[col_idx];
        enabled_pools[pool_address] = !enabled_pools[pool_address];

        emit PoolToggled(col_idx, enabled_pools[pool_address]);
    }

    function setPoolCeiling(uint256 col_idx, uint256 new_ceiling) external onlyByOwnGov {
        pool_ceilings[col_idx] = new_ceiling;

        emit PoolCeilingSet(col_idx, new_ceiling);
    }

    function setFees(uint256 col_idx, uint256 new_mint_fee, uint256 new_redeem_fee, uint256 new_buyback_fee, uint256 new_recollat_fee) external onlyByOwnGov {
        minting_fee[col_idx] = new_mint_fee;
        redemption_fee[col_idx] = new_redeem_fee;
        buyback_fee[col_idx] = new_buyback_fee;
        recollat_fee[col_idx] = new_recollat_fee;

        emit FeesSet(col_idx, new_mint_fee, new_redeem_fee, new_buyback_fee, new_recollat_fee);
    }

    function setPoolParameters(uint256 new_bonus_rate, uint256 new_redemption_delay) external onlyByOwnGov {
        bonus_rate = new_bonus_rate;
        redemption_delay = new_redemption_delay;
        emit PoolParametersSet(new_bonus_rate, new_redemption_delay);
    }

    function setPriceThresholds(uint256 new_mint_price_threshold, uint256 new_redeem_price_threshold) external onlyByOwnGov {
        mint_price_threshold = new_mint_price_threshold;
        redeem_price_threshold = new_redeem_price_threshold;
        emit PriceThresholdsSet(new_mint_price_threshold, new_redeem_price_threshold);
    }

    function setCustodian(address new_custodian) external onlyByOwnGov {
        custodian_address = new_custodian;

        emit CustodianSet(new_custodian);
    }

    function setTimelock(address new_timelock) external onlyByOwnGov {
        timelock_address = new_timelock;

        emit TimelockSet(new_timelock);
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */
    event PoolToggled(uint256 col_idx, bool new_state);
    event PoolCeilingSet(uint256 col_idx, uint256 new_ceiling);
    event FeesSet(uint256 col_idx, uint256 new_mint_fee, uint256 new_redeem_fee, uint256 new_buyback_fee, uint256 new_recollat_fee);
    event PoolParametersSet(uint256 new_bonus_rate, uint256 new_redemption_delay);
    event PriceThresholdsSet(uint256 new_bonus_rate, uint256 new_redemption_delay);
    event AMOMinterAdded(address amo_minter_addr);
    event AMOMinterRemoved(address amo_minter_addr);
    event CustodianSet(address new_custodian);
    event TimelockSet(address new_timelock);
    event MintingToggled(uint256 col_idx, bool toggled);
    event RedeemingToggled(uint256 col_idx, bool toggled);
    event RecollateralizeToggled(uint256 col_idx, bool toggled);
    event BuybackToggled(uint256 col_idx, bool toggled);
    event CollateralPriceSet(uint256 col_idx, uint256 new_price);
}
// File: contracts/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../Common/Context.sol";
import "./IERC20.sol";
import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../Utils/Address.sol";


/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20Mintable}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
 
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;
    uint8 private _decimals;
    
    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
     * a default value of 18.
     *
     * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
     *
     * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor (string memory __name, string memory __symbol) public {
        _name = __name;
        _symbol = __symbol;
        _decimals = 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
     * called.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.approve(address spender, uint256 amount)
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for `sender`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn}.
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have allowance for `accounts`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        uint256 decreasedAllowance = allowance(account, _msgSender()).sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance");

        _approve(account, _msgSender(), decreasedAllowance);
        _burn(account, amount);
    }


    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`s tokens.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`.`amount` is then deducted
     * from the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See {_burn} and {_approve}.
     */
    function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        _burn(account, amount);
        _approve(account, _msgSender(), _allowances[account][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance"));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of `from`'s tokens
     * will be to transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of `from`'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:using-hooks.adoc[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
}

// File: contracts/Staking/Owned.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// https://docs.synthetix.io/contracts/Owned
contract Owned {
    address public owner;
    address public nominatedOwner;

    constructor (address _owner) public {
        require(_owner != address(0), "Owner address cannot be 0");
        owner = _owner;
        emit OwnerChanged(address(0), _owner);
    }

    function nominateNewOwner(address _owner) external onlyOwner {
        nominatedOwner = _owner;
        emit OwnerNominated(_owner);
    }

    function acceptOwnership() external {
        require(msg.sender == nominatedOwner, "You must be nominated before you can accept ownership");
        emit OwnerChanged(owner, nominatedOwner);
        owner = nominatedOwner;
        nominatedOwner = address(0);
    }

    modifier onlyOwner {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the contract owner may perform this action");
        _;
    }

    event OwnerNominated(address newOwner);
    event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);
}
// File: contracts/Uniswap/TransferHelper.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// helper methods for interacting with ERC20 tokens and sending ETH that do not consistently return true/false
library TransferHelper {
    function safeApprove(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('approve(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x095ea7b3, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: APPROVE_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransfer(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transfer(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xa9059cbb, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address token, address from, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transferFrom(address,address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x23b872dd, from, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FROM_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferETH(address to, uint value) internal {
        (bool success,) = to.call{value:value}(new bytes(0));
        require(success, 'TransferHelper: ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }
}
// File: contracts/Misc_AMOs/IAMO.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

interface IAMO {
    function dollarBalances() external view returns (uint256 frax_val_e18, uint256 collat_val_e18);
}

// File: contracts/Common/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
        return payable(msg.sender);
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}
// File: contracts/ERC20/ERC20Custom.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../Common/Context.sol";
import "./IERC20.sol";
import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../Utils/Address.sol";

// Due to compiling issues, _name, _symbol, and _decimals were removed


/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20Mintable}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20Custom is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    mapping (address => uint256) internal _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.approve(address spender, uint256 amount)
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for `sender`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn}.
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have allowance for `accounts`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        uint256 decreasedAllowance = allowance(account, _msgSender()).sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance");

        _approve(account, _msgSender(), decreasedAllowance);
        _burn(account, amount);
    }


    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`s tokens.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`.`amount` is then deducted
     * from the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See {_burn} and {_approve}.
     */
    function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        _burn(account, amount);
        _approve(account, _msgSender(), _allowances[account][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance"));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of `from`'s tokens
     * will be to transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of `from`'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:using-hooks.adoc[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
}
// File: contracts/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../Common/Context.sol";
import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see {ERC20Detailed}.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}


// File: contracts/Frax/Frax.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ====================================================================
// |     ______                   _______                             |
// |    / _____________ __  __   / ____(_____  ____ _____  ________   |
// |   / /_  / ___/ __ `| |/_/  / /_  / / __ \/ __ `/ __ \/ ___/ _ \  |
// |  / __/ / /  / /_/ _>  <   / __/ / / / / / /_/ / / / / /__/  __/  |
// | /_/   /_/   \__,_/_/|_|  /_/   /_/_/ /_/\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\___/   |
// |                                                                  |
// ====================================================================
// ======================= FRAXStablecoin (FRAX) ======================
// ====================================================================
// Frax Finance: https://github.com/FraxFinance

// Primary Author(s)
// Travis Moore: https://github.com/FortisFortuna
// Jason Huan: https://github.com/jasonhuan
// Sam Kazemian: https://github.com/samkazemian

// Reviewer(s) / Contributor(s)
// Sam Sun: https://github.com/samczsun

import "../Common/Context.sol";
import "../ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../ERC20/ERC20Custom.sol";
import "../ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../Staking/Owned.sol";
import "../FXS/FXS.sol";
import "./Pools/FraxPool.sol";
import "../Oracle/UniswapPairOracle.sol";
import "../Oracle/ChainlinkETHUSDPriceConsumer.sol";
import "../Governance/AccessControl.sol";

contract FRAXStablecoin is ERC20Custom, AccessControl, Owned {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */
    enum PriceChoice { FRAX, FXS }
    ChainlinkETHUSDPriceConsumer private eth_usd_pricer;
    uint8 private eth_usd_pricer_decimals;
    UniswapPairOracle private fraxEthOracle;
    UniswapPairOracle private fxsEthOracle;
    string public symbol;
    string public name;
    uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
    address public creator_address;
    address public timelock_address; // Governance timelock address
    address public controller_address; // Controller contract to dynamically adjust system parameters automatically
    address public fxs_address;
    address public frax_eth_oracle_address;
    address public fxs_eth_oracle_address;
    address public weth_address;
    address public eth_usd_consumer_address;
    uint256 public constant genesis_supply = 2000000e18; // 2M FRAX (only for testing, genesis supply will be 5k on Mainnet). This is to help with establishing the Uniswap pools, as they need liquidity

    // The addresses in this array are added by the oracle and these contracts are able to mint frax
    address[] public frax_pools_array;

    // Mapping is also used for faster verification
    mapping(address => bool) public frax_pools; 

    // Constants for various precisions
    uint256 private constant PRICE_PRECISION = 1e6;
    
    uint256 public global_collateral_ratio; // 6 decimals of precision, e.g. 924102 = 0.924102
    uint256 public redemption_fee; // 6 decimals of precision, divide by 1000000 in calculations for fee
    uint256 public minting_fee; // 6 decimals of precision, divide by 1000000 in calculations for fee
    uint256 public frax_step; // Amount to change the collateralization ratio by upon refreshCollateralRatio()
    uint256 public refresh_cooldown; // Seconds to wait before being able to run refreshCollateralRatio() again
    uint256 public price_target; // The price of FRAX at which the collateral ratio will respond to; this value is only used for the collateral ratio mechanism and not for minting and redeeming which are hardcoded at $1
    uint256 public price_band; // The bound above and below the price target at which the refreshCollateralRatio() will not change the collateral ratio

    address public DEFAULT_ADMIN_ADDRESS;
    bytes32 public constant COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER = keccak256("COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER");
    bool public collateral_ratio_paused = false;

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyCollateralRatioPauser() {
        require(hasRole(COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyPools() {
       require(frax_pools[msg.sender] == true, "Only frax pools can call this function");
        _;
    } 
    
    modifier onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController() {
        require(msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == timelock_address || msg.sender == controller_address, "Not the owner, controller, or the governance timelock");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrPool() {
        require(
            msg.sender == owner 
            || msg.sender == timelock_address 
            || frax_pools[msg.sender] == true, 
            "Not the owner, the governance timelock, or a pool");
        _;
    }

    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */

    constructor (
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        address _creator_address,
        address _timelock_address
    ) public Owned(_creator_address){
        require(_timelock_address != address(0), "Zero address detected"); 
        name = _name;
        symbol = _symbol;
        creator_address = _creator_address;
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
        _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender());
        DEFAULT_ADMIN_ADDRESS = _msgSender();
        _mint(creator_address, genesis_supply);
        grantRole(COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER, creator_address);
        grantRole(COLLATERAL_RATIO_PAUSER, timelock_address);
        frax_step = 2500; // 6 decimals of precision, equal to 0.25%
        global_collateral_ratio = 1000000; // Frax system starts off fully collateralized (6 decimals of precision)
        refresh_cooldown = 3600; // Refresh cooldown period is set to 1 hour (3600 seconds) at genesis
        price_target = 1000000; // Collateral ratio will adjust according to the $1 price target at genesis
        price_band = 5000; // Collateral ratio will not adjust if between $0.995 and $1.005 at genesis
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    // Choice = 'FRAX' or 'FXS' for now
    function oracle_price(PriceChoice choice) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Get the ETH / USD price first, and cut it down to 1e6 precision
        uint256 __eth_usd_price = uint256(eth_usd_pricer.getLatestPrice()).mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(uint256(10) ** eth_usd_pricer_decimals);
        uint256 price_vs_eth = 0;

        if (choice == PriceChoice.FRAX) {
            price_vs_eth = uint256(fraxEthOracle.consult(weth_address, PRICE_PRECISION)); // How much FRAX if you put in PRICE_PRECISION WETH
        }
        else if (choice == PriceChoice.FXS) {
            price_vs_eth = uint256(fxsEthOracle.consult(weth_address, PRICE_PRECISION)); // How much FXS if you put in PRICE_PRECISION WETH
        }
        else revert("INVALID PRICE CHOICE. Needs to be either 0 (FRAX) or 1 (FXS)");

        // Will be in 1e6 format
        return __eth_usd_price.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(price_vs_eth);
    }

    // Returns X FRAX = 1 USD
    function frax_price() public view returns (uint256) {
        return oracle_price(PriceChoice.FRAX);
    }

    // Returns X FXS = 1 USD
    function fxs_price()  public view returns (uint256) {
        return oracle_price(PriceChoice.FXS);
    }

    function eth_usd_price() public view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(eth_usd_pricer.getLatestPrice()).mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(uint256(10) ** eth_usd_pricer_decimals);
    }

    // This is needed to avoid costly repeat calls to different getter functions
    // It is cheaper gas-wise to just dump everything and only use some of the info
    function frax_info() public view returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256) {
        return (
            oracle_price(PriceChoice.FRAX), // frax_price()
            oracle_price(PriceChoice.FXS), // fxs_price()
            totalSupply(), // totalSupply()
            global_collateral_ratio, // global_collateral_ratio()
            globalCollateralValue(), // globalCollateralValue
            minting_fee, // minting_fee()
            redemption_fee, // redemption_fee()
            uint256(eth_usd_pricer.getLatestPrice()).mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(uint256(10) ** eth_usd_pricer_decimals) //eth_usd_price
        );
    }

    // Iterate through all frax pools and calculate all value of collateral in all pools globally 
    function globalCollateralValue() public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 total_collateral_value_d18 = 0; 

        for (uint i = 0; i < frax_pools_array.length; i++){ 
            // Exclude null addresses
            if (frax_pools_array[i] != address(0)){
                total_collateral_value_d18 = total_collateral_value_d18.add(FraxPool(frax_pools_array[i]).collatDollarBalance());
            }

        }
        return total_collateral_value_d18;
    }

    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */
    
    // There needs to be a time interval that this can be called. Otherwise it can be called multiple times per expansion.
    uint256 public last_call_time; // Last time the refreshCollateralRatio function was called
    function refreshCollateralRatio() public {
        require(collateral_ratio_paused == false, "Collateral Ratio has been paused");
        uint256 frax_price_cur = frax_price();
        require(block.timestamp - last_call_time >= refresh_cooldown, "Must wait for the refresh cooldown since last refresh");

        // Step increments are 0.25% (upon genesis, changable by setFraxStep()) 
        
        if (frax_price_cur > price_target.add(price_band)) { //decrease collateral ratio
            if(global_collateral_ratio <= frax_step){ //if within a step of 0, go to 0
                global_collateral_ratio = 0;
            } else {
                global_collateral_ratio = global_collateral_ratio.sub(frax_step);
            }
        } else if (frax_price_cur < price_target.sub(price_band)) { //increase collateral ratio
            if(global_collateral_ratio.add(frax_step) >= 1000000){
                global_collateral_ratio = 1000000; // cap collateral ratio at 1.000000
            } else {
                global_collateral_ratio = global_collateral_ratio.add(frax_step);
            }
        }

        last_call_time = block.timestamp; // Set the time of the last expansion

        emit CollateralRatioRefreshed(global_collateral_ratio);
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS ========== */

    // Used by pools when user redeems
    function pool_burn_from(address b_address, uint256 b_amount) public onlyPools {
        super._burnFrom(b_address, b_amount);
        emit FRAXBurned(b_address, msg.sender, b_amount);
    }

    // This function is what other frax pools will call to mint new FRAX 
    function pool_mint(address m_address, uint256 m_amount) public onlyPools {
        super._mint(m_address, m_amount);
        emit FRAXMinted(msg.sender, m_address, m_amount);
    }

    // Adds collateral addresses supported, such as tether and busd, must be ERC20 
    function addPool(address pool_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(pool_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        require(frax_pools[pool_address] == false, "Address already exists");
        frax_pools[pool_address] = true; 
        frax_pools_array.push(pool_address);

        emit PoolAdded(pool_address);
    }

    // Remove a pool 
    function removePool(address pool_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(pool_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");
        require(frax_pools[pool_address] == true, "Address nonexistant");
        
        // Delete from the mapping
        delete frax_pools[pool_address];

        // 'Delete' from the array by setting the address to 0x0
        for (uint i = 0; i < frax_pools_array.length; i++){ 
            if (frax_pools_array[i] == pool_address) {
                frax_pools_array[i] = address(0); // This will leave a null in the array and keep the indices the same
                break;
            }
        }

        emit PoolRemoved(pool_address);
    }

    function setRedemptionFee(uint256 red_fee) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        redemption_fee = red_fee;

        emit RedemptionFeeSet(red_fee);
    }

    function setMintingFee(uint256 min_fee) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        minting_fee = min_fee;

        emit MintingFeeSet(min_fee);
    }  

    function setFraxStep(uint256 _new_step) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        frax_step = _new_step;

        emit FraxStepSet(_new_step);
    }  

    function setPriceTarget (uint256 _new_price_target) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        price_target = _new_price_target;

        emit PriceTargetSet(_new_price_target);
    }

    function setRefreshCooldown(uint256 _new_cooldown) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
    	refresh_cooldown = _new_cooldown;

        emit RefreshCooldownSet(_new_cooldown);
    }

    function setFXSAddress(address _fxs_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(_fxs_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        fxs_address = _fxs_address;

        emit FXSAddressSet(_fxs_address);
    }

    function setETHUSDOracle(address _eth_usd_consumer_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(_eth_usd_consumer_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        eth_usd_consumer_address = _eth_usd_consumer_address;
        eth_usd_pricer = ChainlinkETHUSDPriceConsumer(eth_usd_consumer_address);
        eth_usd_pricer_decimals = eth_usd_pricer.getDecimals();

        emit ETHUSDOracleSet(_eth_usd_consumer_address);
    }

    function setTimelock(address new_timelock) external onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(new_timelock != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        timelock_address = new_timelock;

        emit TimelockSet(new_timelock);
    }

    function setController(address _controller_address) external onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require(_controller_address != address(0), "Zero address detected");

        controller_address = _controller_address;

        emit ControllerSet(_controller_address);
    }

    function setPriceBand(uint256 _price_band) external onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        price_band = _price_band;

        emit PriceBandSet(_price_band);
    }

    // Sets the FRAX_ETH Uniswap oracle address 
    function setFRAXEthOracle(address _frax_oracle_addr, address _weth_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require((_frax_oracle_addr != address(0)) && (_weth_address != address(0)), "Zero address detected");
        frax_eth_oracle_address = _frax_oracle_addr;
        fraxEthOracle = UniswapPairOracle(_frax_oracle_addr); 
        weth_address = _weth_address;

        emit FRAXETHOracleSet(_frax_oracle_addr, _weth_address);
    }

    // Sets the FXS_ETH Uniswap oracle address 
    function setFXSEthOracle(address _fxs_oracle_addr, address _weth_address) public onlyByOwnerGovernanceOrController {
        require((_fxs_oracle_addr != address(0)) && (_weth_address != address(0)), "Zero address detected");

        fxs_eth_oracle_address = _fxs_oracle_addr;
        fxsEthOracle = UniswapPairOracle(_fxs_oracle_addr);
        weth_address = _weth_address;

        emit FXSEthOracleSet(_fxs_oracle_addr, _weth_address);
    }

    function toggleCollateralRatio() public onlyCollateralRatioPauser {
        collateral_ratio_paused = !collateral_ratio_paused;

        emit CollateralRatioToggled(collateral_ratio_paused);
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    // Track FRAX burned
    event FRAXBurned(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    // Track FRAX minted
    event FRAXMinted(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    event CollateralRatioRefreshed(uint256 global_collateral_ratio);
    event PoolAdded(address pool_address);
    event PoolRemoved(address pool_address);
    event RedemptionFeeSet(uint256 red_fee);
    event MintingFeeSet(uint256 min_fee);
    event FraxStepSet(uint256 new_step);
    event PriceTargetSet(uint256 new_price_target);
    event RefreshCooldownSet(uint256 new_cooldown);
    event FXSAddressSet(address _fxs_address);
    event ETHUSDOracleSet(address eth_usd_consumer_address);
    event TimelockSet(address new_timelock);
    event ControllerSet(address controller_address);
    event PriceBandSet(uint256 price_band);
    event FRAXETHOracleSet(address frax_oracle_addr, address weth_address);
    event FXSEthOracleSet(address fxs_oracle_addr, address weth_address);
    event CollateralRatioToggled(bool collateral_ratio_paused);
}

// File: contracts/Governance/AccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../Utils/EnumerableSet.sol";
import "../Utils/Address.sol";
import "../Common/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
    using Address for address;

    struct RoleData {
        EnumerableSet.AddressSet members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00; //bytes32(uint256(0x4B437D01b575618140442A4975db38850e3f8f5f) << 96);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members.contains(account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of accounts that have `role`. Can be used
     * together with {getRoleMember} to enumerate all bearers of a role.
     */
    function getRoleMemberCount(bytes32 role) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _roles[role].members.length();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns one of the accounts that have `role`. `index` must be a
     * value between 0 and {getRoleMemberCount}, non-inclusive.
     *
     * Role bearers are not sorted in any particular way, and their ordering may
     * change at any point.
     *
     * WARNING: When using {getRoleMember} and {getRoleMemberCount}, make sure
     * you perform all queries on the same block. See the following
     * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/iterating-over-elements-on-enumerableset-in-openzeppelin-contracts/2296[forum post]
     * for more information.
     */
    function getRoleMember(bytes32 role, uint256 index) public view returns (address) {
        return _roles[role].members.at(index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual {
        require(hasRole(_roles[role].adminRole, _msgSender()), "AccessControl: sender must be an admin to grant");

        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual {
        require(hasRole(_roles[role].adminRole, _msgSender()), "AccessControl: sender must be an admin to revoke");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, _roles[role].adminRole, adminRole);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
    }

    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) private {
        if (_roles[role].members.add(account)) {
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) private {
        if (_roles[role].members.remove(account)) {
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/Utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11 <0.9.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
      return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/Frax/Pools/FraxPool.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ====================================================================
// |     ______                   _______                             |
// |    / _____________ __  __   / ____(_____  ____ _____  ________   |
// |   / /_  / ___/ __ `| |/_/  / /_  / / __ \/ __ `/ __ \/ ___/ _ \  |
// |  / __/ / /  / /_/ _>  <   / __/ / / / / / /_/ / / / / /__/  __/  |
// | /_/   /_/   \__,_/_/|_|  /_/   /_/_/ /_/\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\___/   |
// |                                                                  |
// ====================================================================
// ============================= FraxPool =============================
// ====================================================================
// Frax Finance: https://github.com/FraxFinance

// Primary Author(s)
// Travis Moore: https://github.com/FortisFortuna
// Jason Huan: https://github.com/jasonhuan
// Sam Kazemian: https://github.com/samkazemian

// Reviewer(s) / Contributor(s)
// Sam Sun: https://github.com/samczsun

import "../../Math/SafeMath.sol";
import '../../Uniswap/TransferHelper.sol';
import "../../Staking/Owned.sol";
import "../../FXS/FXS.sol";
import "../../Frax/Frax.sol";
import "../../ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "../../Oracle/UniswapPairOracle.sol";
import "../../Governance/AccessControl.sol";
import "./FraxPoolLibrary.sol";

contract FraxPool is AccessControl, Owned {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    /* ========== STATE VARIABLES ========== */

    ERC20 private collateral_token;
    address private collateral_address;

    address private frax_contract_address;
    address private fxs_contract_address;
    address private timelock_address;
    FRAXShares private FXS;
    FRAXStablecoin private FRAX;

    UniswapPairOracle private collatEthOracle;
    address public collat_eth_oracle_address;
    address private weth_address;

    uint256 public minting_fee;
    uint256 public redemption_fee;
    uint256 public buyback_fee;
    uint256 public recollat_fee;

    mapping (address => uint256) public redeemFXSBalances;
    mapping (address => uint256) public redeemCollateralBalances;
    uint256 public unclaimedPoolCollateral;
    uint256 public unclaimedPoolFXS;
    mapping (address => uint256) public lastRedeemed;

    // Constants for various precisions
    uint256 private constant PRICE_PRECISION = 1e6;
    uint256 private constant COLLATERAL_RATIO_PRECISION = 1e6;
    uint256 private constant COLLATERAL_RATIO_MAX = 1e6;

    // Number of decimals needed to get to 18
    uint256 private immutable missing_decimals;
    
    // Pool_ceiling is the total units of collateral that a pool contract can hold
    uint256 public pool_ceiling = 0;

    // Stores price of the collateral, if price is paused
    uint256 public pausedPrice = 0;

    // Bonus rate on FXS minted during recollateralizeFRAX(); 6 decimals of precision, set to 0.75% on genesis
    uint256 public bonus_rate = 7500;

    // Number of blocks to wait before being able to collectRedemption()
    uint256 public redemption_delay = 1;

    // AccessControl Roles
    bytes32 private constant MINT_PAUSER = keccak256("MINT_PAUSER");
    bytes32 private constant REDEEM_PAUSER = keccak256("REDEEM_PAUSER");
    bytes32 private constant BUYBACK_PAUSER = keccak256("BUYBACK_PAUSER");
    bytes32 private constant RECOLLATERALIZE_PAUSER = keccak256("RECOLLATERALIZE_PAUSER");
    bytes32 private constant COLLATERAL_PRICE_PAUSER = keccak256("COLLATERAL_PRICE_PAUSER");
    
    // AccessControl state variables
    bool public mintPaused = false;
    bool public redeemPaused = false;
    bool public recollateralizePaused = false;
    bool public buyBackPaused = false;
    bool public collateralPricePaused = false;

    /* ========== MODIFIERS ========== */

    modifier onlyByOwnGov() {
        require(msg.sender == timelock_address || msg.sender == owner, "Not owner or timelock");
        _;
    }

    modifier notRedeemPaused() {
        require(redeemPaused == false, "Redeeming is paused");
        _;
    }

    modifier notMintPaused() {
        require(mintPaused == false, "Minting is paused");
        _;
    }
 
    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */
    
    constructor (
        address _frax_contract_address,
        address _fxs_contract_address,
        address _collateral_address,
        address _creator_address,
        address _timelock_address,
        uint256 _pool_ceiling
    ) public Owned(_creator_address){
        require(
            (_frax_contract_address != address(0))
            && (_fxs_contract_address != address(0))
            && (_collateral_address != address(0))
            && (_creator_address != address(0))
            && (_timelock_address != address(0))
        , "Zero address detected"); 
        FRAX = FRAXStablecoin(_frax_contract_address);
        FXS = FRAXShares(_fxs_contract_address);
        frax_contract_address = _frax_contract_address;
        fxs_contract_address = _fxs_contract_address;
        collateral_address = _collateral_address;
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
        collateral_token = ERC20(_collateral_address);
        pool_ceiling = _pool_ceiling;
        missing_decimals = uint(18).sub(collateral_token.decimals());

        _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender());
        grantRole(MINT_PAUSER, timelock_address);
        grantRole(REDEEM_PAUSER, timelock_address);
        grantRole(RECOLLATERALIZE_PAUSER, timelock_address);
        grantRole(BUYBACK_PAUSER, timelock_address);
        grantRole(COLLATERAL_PRICE_PAUSER, timelock_address);
    }

    /* ========== VIEWS ========== */

    // Returns dollar value of collateral held in this Frax pool
    function collatDollarBalance() public view returns (uint256) {
        if(collateralPricePaused == true){
            return (collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral)).mul(10 ** missing_decimals).mul(pausedPrice).div(PRICE_PRECISION);
        } else {
            uint256 eth_usd_price = FRAX.eth_usd_price();
            uint256 eth_collat_price = collatEthOracle.consult(weth_address, (PRICE_PRECISION * (10 ** missing_decimals)));

            uint256 collat_usd_price = eth_usd_price.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(eth_collat_price);
            return (collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral)).mul(10 ** missing_decimals).mul(collat_usd_price).div(PRICE_PRECISION); //.mul(getCollateralPrice()).div(1e6);    
        }
    }

    // Returns the value of excess collateral held in this Frax pool, compared to what is needed to maintain the global collateral ratio
    function availableExcessCollatDV() public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 total_supply = FRAX.totalSupply();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();
        uint256 global_collat_value = FRAX.globalCollateralValue();

        if (global_collateral_ratio > COLLATERAL_RATIO_PRECISION) global_collateral_ratio = COLLATERAL_RATIO_PRECISION; // Handles an overcollateralized contract with CR > 1
        uint256 required_collat_dollar_value_d18 = (total_supply.mul(global_collateral_ratio)).div(COLLATERAL_RATIO_PRECISION); // Calculates collateral needed to back each 1 FRAX with $1 of collateral at current collat ratio
        if (global_collat_value > required_collat_dollar_value_d18) return global_collat_value.sub(required_collat_dollar_value_d18);
        else return 0;
    }

    /* ========== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ========== */
    
    // Returns the price of the pool collateral in USD
    function getCollateralPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
        if(collateralPricePaused == true){
            return pausedPrice;
        } else {
            uint256 eth_usd_price = FRAX.eth_usd_price();
            return eth_usd_price.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(collatEthOracle.consult(weth_address, PRICE_PRECISION * (10 ** missing_decimals)));
        }
    }

    function setCollatETHOracle(address _collateral_weth_oracle_address, address _weth_address) external onlyByOwnGov {
        collat_eth_oracle_address = _collateral_weth_oracle_address;
        collatEthOracle = UniswapPairOracle(_collateral_weth_oracle_address);
        weth_address = _weth_address;
    }

    // We separate out the 1t1, fractional and algorithmic minting functions for gas efficiency 
    function mint1t1FRAX(uint256 collateral_amount, uint256 FRAX_out_min) external notMintPaused {
        uint256 collateral_amount_d18 = collateral_amount * (10 ** missing_decimals);

        require(FRAX.global_collateral_ratio() >= COLLATERAL_RATIO_MAX, "Collateral ratio must be >= 1");
        require((collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this))).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral).add(collateral_amount) <= pool_ceiling, "[Pool's Closed]: Ceiling reached");
        
        (uint256 frax_amount_d18) = FraxPoolLibrary.calcMint1t1FRAX(
            getCollateralPrice(),
            collateral_amount_d18
        ); //1 FRAX for each $1 worth of collateral

        frax_amount_d18 = (frax_amount_d18.mul(uint(1e6).sub(minting_fee))).div(1e6); //remove precision at the end
        require(FRAX_out_min <= frax_amount_d18, "Slippage limit reached");

        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(address(collateral_token), msg.sender, address(this), collateral_amount);
        FRAX.pool_mint(msg.sender, frax_amount_d18);
    }

    // 0% collateral-backed
    function mintAlgorithmicFRAX(uint256 fxs_amount_d18, uint256 FRAX_out_min) external notMintPaused {
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        require(FRAX.global_collateral_ratio() == 0, "Collateral ratio must be 0");
        
        (uint256 frax_amount_d18) = FraxPoolLibrary.calcMintAlgorithmicFRAX(
            fxs_price, // X FXS / 1 USD
            fxs_amount_d18
        );

        frax_amount_d18 = (frax_amount_d18.mul(uint(1e6).sub(minting_fee))).div(1e6);
        require(FRAX_out_min <= frax_amount_d18, "Slippage limit reached");

        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, fxs_amount_d18);
        FRAX.pool_mint(msg.sender, frax_amount_d18);
    }

    // Will fail if fully collateralized or fully algorithmic
    // > 0% and < 100% collateral-backed
    function mintFractionalFRAX(uint256 collateral_amount, uint256 fxs_amount, uint256 FRAX_out_min) external notMintPaused {
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();

        require(global_collateral_ratio < COLLATERAL_RATIO_MAX && global_collateral_ratio > 0, "Collateral ratio needs to be between .000001 and .999999");
        require(collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral).add(collateral_amount) <= pool_ceiling, "Pool ceiling reached, no more FRAX can be minted with this collateral");

        uint256 collateral_amount_d18 = collateral_amount * (10 ** missing_decimals);
        FraxPoolLibrary.MintFF_Params memory input_params = FraxPoolLibrary.MintFF_Params(
            fxs_price,
            getCollateralPrice(),
            fxs_amount,
            collateral_amount_d18,
            global_collateral_ratio
        );

        (uint256 mint_amount, uint256 fxs_needed) = FraxPoolLibrary.calcMintFractionalFRAX(input_params);

        mint_amount = (mint_amount.mul(uint(1e6).sub(minting_fee))).div(1e6);
        require(FRAX_out_min <= mint_amount, "Slippage limit reached");
        require(fxs_needed <= fxs_amount, "Not enough FXS inputted");

        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, fxs_needed);
        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(address(collateral_token), msg.sender, address(this), collateral_amount);
        FRAX.pool_mint(msg.sender, mint_amount);
    }

    // Redeem collateral. 100% collateral-backed
    function redeem1t1FRAX(uint256 FRAX_amount, uint256 COLLATERAL_out_min) external notRedeemPaused {
        require(FRAX.global_collateral_ratio() == COLLATERAL_RATIO_MAX, "Collateral ratio must be == 1");

        // Need to adjust for decimals of collateral
        uint256 FRAX_amount_precision = FRAX_amount.div(10 ** missing_decimals);
        (uint256 collateral_needed) = FraxPoolLibrary.calcRedeem1t1FRAX(
            getCollateralPrice(),
            FRAX_amount_precision
        );

        collateral_needed = (collateral_needed.mul(uint(1e6).sub(redemption_fee))).div(1e6);
        require(collateral_needed <= collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral), "Not enough collateral in pool");
        require(COLLATERAL_out_min <= collateral_needed, "Slippage limit reached");

        redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender] = redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender].add(collateral_needed);
        unclaimedPoolCollateral = unclaimedPoolCollateral.add(collateral_needed);
        lastRedeemed[msg.sender] = block.number;
        
        // Move all external functions to the end
        FRAX.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, FRAX_amount);
    }

    // Will fail if fully collateralized or algorithmic
    // Redeem FRAX for collateral and FXS. > 0% and < 100% collateral-backed
    function redeemFractionalFRAX(uint256 FRAX_amount, uint256 FXS_out_min, uint256 COLLATERAL_out_min) external notRedeemPaused {
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();

        require(global_collateral_ratio < COLLATERAL_RATIO_MAX && global_collateral_ratio > 0, "Collateral ratio needs to be between .000001 and .999999");
        uint256 col_price_usd = getCollateralPrice();

        uint256 FRAX_amount_post_fee = (FRAX_amount.mul(uint(1e6).sub(redemption_fee))).div(PRICE_PRECISION);

        uint256 fxs_dollar_value_d18 = FRAX_amount_post_fee.sub(FRAX_amount_post_fee.mul(global_collateral_ratio).div(PRICE_PRECISION));
        uint256 fxs_amount = fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(fxs_price);

        // Need to adjust for decimals of collateral
        uint256 FRAX_amount_precision = FRAX_amount_post_fee.div(10 ** missing_decimals);
        uint256 collateral_dollar_value = FRAX_amount_precision.mul(global_collateral_ratio).div(PRICE_PRECISION);
        uint256 collateral_amount = collateral_dollar_value.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(col_price_usd);


        require(collateral_amount <= collateral_token.balanceOf(address(this)).sub(unclaimedPoolCollateral), "Not enough collateral in pool");
        require(COLLATERAL_out_min <= collateral_amount, "Slippage limit reached [collateral]");
        require(FXS_out_min <= fxs_amount, "Slippage limit reached [FXS]");

        redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender] = redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender].add(collateral_amount);
        unclaimedPoolCollateral = unclaimedPoolCollateral.add(collateral_amount);

        redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] = redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender].add(fxs_amount);
        unclaimedPoolFXS = unclaimedPoolFXS.add(fxs_amount);

        lastRedeemed[msg.sender] = block.number;
        
        // Move all external functions to the end
        FRAX.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, FRAX_amount);
        FXS.pool_mint(address(this), fxs_amount);
    }

    // Redeem FRAX for FXS. 0% collateral-backed
    function redeemAlgorithmicFRAX(uint256 FRAX_amount, uint256 FXS_out_min) external notRedeemPaused {
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();

        require(global_collateral_ratio == 0, "Collateral ratio must be 0"); 
        uint256 fxs_dollar_value_d18 = FRAX_amount;

        fxs_dollar_value_d18 = (fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(uint(1e6).sub(redemption_fee))).div(PRICE_PRECISION); //apply fees

        uint256 fxs_amount = fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(PRICE_PRECISION).div(fxs_price);
        
        redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] = redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender].add(fxs_amount);
        unclaimedPoolFXS = unclaimedPoolFXS.add(fxs_amount);
        
        lastRedeemed[msg.sender] = block.number;
        
        require(FXS_out_min <= fxs_amount, "Slippage limit reached");
        // Move all external functions to the end
        FRAX.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, FRAX_amount);
        FXS.pool_mint(address(this), fxs_amount);
    }

    // After a redemption happens, transfer the newly minted FXS and owed collateral from this pool
    // contract to the user. Redemption is split into two functions to prevent flash loans from being able
    // to take out FRAX/collateral from the system, use an AMM to trade the new price, and then mint back into the system.
    function collectRedemption() external {
        require((lastRedeemed[msg.sender].add(redemption_delay)) <= block.number, "Must wait for redemption_delay blocks before collecting redemption");
        bool sendFXS = false;
        bool sendCollateral = false;
        uint FXSAmount = 0;
        uint CollateralAmount = 0;

        // Use Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern
        if(redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] > 0){
            FXSAmount = redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender];
            redeemFXSBalances[msg.sender] = 0;
            unclaimedPoolFXS = unclaimedPoolFXS.sub(FXSAmount);

            sendFXS = true;
        }
        
        if(redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender] > 0){
            CollateralAmount = redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender];
            redeemCollateralBalances[msg.sender] = 0;
            unclaimedPoolCollateral = unclaimedPoolCollateral.sub(CollateralAmount);

            sendCollateral = true;
        }

        if(sendFXS){
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(address(FXS), msg.sender, FXSAmount);
        }
        if(sendCollateral){
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(address(collateral_token), msg.sender, CollateralAmount);
        }
    }


    // When the protocol is recollateralizing, we need to give a discount of FXS to hit the new CR target
    // Thus, if the target collateral ratio is higher than the actual value of collateral, minters get FXS for adding collateral
    // This function simply rewards anyone that sends collateral to a pool with the same amount of FXS + the bonus rate
    // Anyone can call this function to recollateralize the protocol and take the extra FXS value from the bonus rate as an arb opportunity
    function recollateralizeFRAX(uint256 collateral_amount, uint256 FXS_out_min) external {
        require(recollateralizePaused == false, "Recollateralize is paused");
        uint256 collateral_amount_d18 = collateral_amount * (10 ** missing_decimals);
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
        uint256 frax_total_supply = FRAX.totalSupply();
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio = FRAX.global_collateral_ratio();
        uint256 global_collat_value = FRAX.globalCollateralValue();

        (uint256 collateral_units, uint256 amount_to_recollat) = FraxPoolLibrary.calcRecollateralizeFRAXInner(
            collateral_amount_d18,
            getCollateralPrice(),
            global_collat_value,
            frax_total_supply,
            global_collateral_ratio
        ); 

        uint256 collateral_units_precision = collateral_units.div(10 ** missing_decimals);

        uint256 fxs_paid_back = amount_to_recollat.mul(uint(1e6).add(bonus_rate).sub(recollat_fee)).div(fxs_price);

        require(FXS_out_min <= fxs_paid_back, "Slippage limit reached");
        TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(address(collateral_token), msg.sender, address(this), collateral_units_precision);
        FXS.pool_mint(msg.sender, fxs_paid_back);
        
    }

    // Function can be called by an FXS holder to have the protocol buy back FXS with excess collateral value from a desired collateral pool
    // This can also happen if the collateral ratio > 1
    function buyBackFXS(uint256 FXS_amount, uint256 COLLATERAL_out_min) external {
        require(buyBackPaused == false, "Buyback is paused");
        uint256 fxs_price = FRAX.fxs_price();
    
        FraxPoolLibrary.BuybackFXS_Params memory input_params = FraxPoolLibrary.BuybackFXS_Params(
            availableExcessCollatDV(),
            fxs_price,
            getCollateralPrice(),
            FXS_amount
        );

        (uint256 collateral_equivalent_d18) = (FraxPoolLibrary.calcBuyBackFXS(input_params)).mul(uint(1e6).sub(buyback_fee)).div(1e6);
        uint256 collateral_precision = collateral_equivalent_d18.div(10 ** missing_decimals);

        require(COLLATERAL_out_min <= collateral_precision, "Slippage limit reached");
        // Give the sender their desired collateral and burn the FXS
        FXS.pool_burn_from(msg.sender, FXS_amount);
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(address(collateral_token), msg.sender, collateral_precision);
    }

    /* ========== RESTRICTED FUNCTIONS ========== */

    function toggleMinting() external {
        require(hasRole(MINT_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        mintPaused = !mintPaused;

        emit MintingToggled(mintPaused);
    }

    function toggleRedeeming() external {
        require(hasRole(REDEEM_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        redeemPaused = !redeemPaused;

        emit RedeemingToggled(redeemPaused);
    }

    function toggleRecollateralize() external {
        require(hasRole(RECOLLATERALIZE_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        recollateralizePaused = !recollateralizePaused;

        emit RecollateralizeToggled(recollateralizePaused);
    }
    
    function toggleBuyBack() external {
        require(hasRole(BUYBACK_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        buyBackPaused = !buyBackPaused;

        emit BuybackToggled(buyBackPaused);
    }

    function toggleCollateralPrice(uint256 _new_price) external {
        require(hasRole(COLLATERAL_PRICE_PAUSER, msg.sender));
        // If pausing, set paused price; else if unpausing, clear pausedPrice
        if(collateralPricePaused == false){
            pausedPrice = _new_price;
        } else {
            pausedPrice = 0;
        }
        collateralPricePaused = !collateralPricePaused;

        emit CollateralPriceToggled(collateralPricePaused);
    }

    // Combined into one function due to 24KiB contract memory limit
    function setPoolParameters(uint256 new_ceiling, uint256 new_bonus_rate, uint256 new_redemption_delay, uint256 new_mint_fee, uint256 new_redeem_fee, uint256 new_buyback_fee, uint256 new_recollat_fee) external onlyByOwnGov {
        pool_ceiling = new_ceiling;
        bonus_rate = new_bonus_rate;
        redemption_delay = new_redemption_delay;
        minting_fee = new_mint_fee;
        redemption_fee = new_redeem_fee;
        buyback_fee = new_buyback_fee;
        recollat_fee = new_recollat_fee;

        emit PoolParametersSet(new_ceiling, new_bonus_rate, new_redemption_delay, new_mint_fee, new_redeem_fee, new_buyback_fee, new_recollat_fee);
    }

    function setTimelock(address new_timelock) external onlyByOwnGov {
        timelock_address = new_timelock;

        emit TimelockSet(new_timelock);
    }

    /* ========== EVENTS ========== */

    event PoolParametersSet(uint256 new_ceiling, uint256 new_bonus_rate, uint256 new_redemption_delay, uint256 new_mint_fee, uint256 new_redeem_fee, uint256 new_buyback_fee, uint256 new_recollat_fee);
    event TimelockSet(address new_timelock);
    event MintingToggled(bool toggled);
    event RedeemingToggled(bool toggled);
    event RecollateralizeToggled(bool toggled);
    event BuybackToggled(bool toggled);
    event CollateralPriceToggled(bool toggled);

}
// File: contracts/Oracle/UniswapPairOracle.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import '../Uniswap/Interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol';
import '../Uniswap/Interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol';
import '../Math/FixedPoint.sol';

import '../Uniswap/UniswapV2OracleLibrary.sol';
import '../Uniswap/UniswapV2Library.sol';
import "../Staking/Owned.sol";

// Fixed window oracle that recomputes the average price for the entire period once every period
// Note that the price average is only guaranteed to be over at least 1 period, but may be over a longer period
contract UniswapPairOracle is Owned {
    using FixedPoint for *;
    
    address timelock_address;

    uint public PERIOD = 3600; // 1 hour TWAP (time-weighted average price)
    uint public CONSULT_LENIENCY = 120; // Used for being able to consult past the period end
    bool public ALLOW_STALE_CONSULTS = false; // If false, consult() will fail if the TWAP is stale

    IUniswapV2Pair public immutable pair;
    address public immutable token0;
    address public immutable token1;

    uint    public price0CumulativeLast;
    uint    public price1CumulativeLast;
    uint32  public blockTimestampLast;
    FixedPoint.uq112x112 public price0Average;
    FixedPoint.uq112x112 public price1Average;

    modifier onlyByOwnGov() {
        require(msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == timelock_address, "You are not an owner or the governance timelock");
        _;
    }

    constructor (address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB, address _owner_address, address _timelock_address) public Owned(_owner_address) {
        IUniswapV2Pair _pair = IUniswapV2Pair(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB));
        pair = _pair;
        token0 = _pair.token0();
        token1 = _pair.token1();
        price0CumulativeLast = _pair.price0CumulativeLast(); // Fetch the current accumulated price value (1 / 0)
        price1CumulativeLast = _pair.price1CumulativeLast(); // Fetch the current accumulated price value (0 / 1)
        uint112 reserve0;
        uint112 reserve1;
        (reserve0, reserve1, blockTimestampLast) = _pair.getReserves();
        require(reserve0 != 0 && reserve1 != 0, 'UniswapPairOracle: NO_RESERVES'); // Ensure that there's liquidity in the pair

        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
    }

    function setTimelock(address _timelock_address) external onlyByOwnGov {
        timelock_address = _timelock_address;
    }

    function setPeriod(uint _period) external onlyByOwnGov {
        PERIOD = _period;
    }

    function setConsultLeniency(uint _consult_leniency) external onlyByOwnGov {
        CONSULT_LENIENCY = _consult_leniency;
    }

    function setAllowStaleConsults(bool _allow_stale_consults) external onlyByOwnGov {
        ALLOW_STALE_CONSULTS = _allow_stale_consults;
    }

    // Check if update() can be called instead of wasting gas calling it
    function canUpdate() public view returns (bool) {
        uint32 blockTimestamp = UniswapV2OracleLibrary.currentBlockTimestamp();
        uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast; // Overflow is desired
        return (timeElapsed >= PERIOD);
    }

    function update() external {
        (uint price0Cumulative, uint price1Cumulative, uint32 blockTimestamp) =
            UniswapV2OracleLibrary.currentCumulativePrices(address(pair));
        uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast; // Overflow is desired

        // Ensure that at least one full period has passed since the last update
        require(timeElapsed >= PERIOD, 'UniswapPairOracle: PERIOD_NOT_ELAPSED');

        // Overflow is desired, casting never truncates
        // Cumulative price is in (uq112x112 price * seconds) units so we simply wrap it after division by time elapsed
        price0Average = FixedPoint.uq112x112(uint224((price0Cumulative - price0CumulativeLast) / timeElapsed));
        price1Average = FixedPoint.uq112x112(uint224((price1Cumulative - price1CumulativeLast) / timeElapsed));

        price0CumulativeLast = price0Cumulative;
        price1CumulativeLast = price1Cumulative;
        blockTimestampLast = blockTimestamp;
    }

    // Note this will always return 0 before update has been called successfully for the first time.
    function consult(address token, uint amountIn) external view returns (uint amountOut) {
        uint32 blockTimestamp = UniswapV2OracleLibrary.currentBlockTimestamp();
        uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast; // Overflow is desired

        // Ensure that the price is not stale
        require((timeElapsed < (PERIOD + CONSULT_LENIENCY)) || ALLOW_STALE_CONSULTS, 'UniswapPairOracle: PRICE_IS_STALE_NEED_TO_CALL_UPDATE');

        if (token == token0) {
            amountOut = price0Average.mul(amountIn).decode144();
        } else {
            require(token == token1, 'UniswapPairOracle: INVALID_TOKEN');
            amountOut = price1Average.mul(amountIn).decode144();
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/Oracle/ChainlinkETHUSDPriceConsumer.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "./AggregatorV3Interface.sol";

contract ChainlinkETHUSDPriceConsumer {

    AggregatorV3Interface internal priceFeed;


    constructor () public {
        priceFeed = AggregatorV3Interface(0x5f4eC3Df9cbd43714FE2740f5E3616155c5b8419);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the latest price
     */
    function getLatestPrice() public view returns (int) {
        (
            , 
            int price,
            ,
            ,
            
        ) = priceFeed.latestRoundData();
        return price;
    }

    function getDecimals() public view returns (uint8) {
        return priceFeed.decimals();
    }
}
// File: contracts/Utils/EnumerableSet.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.0.0, only sets of type `address` (`AddressSet`) and `uint256`
 * (`UintSet`) are supported.
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;

        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping (bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) { // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            // When the value to delete is the last one, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs
            // so rarely, we still do the swap anyway to avoid the gas cost of adding an 'if' statement.

            bytes32 lastvalue = set._values[lastIndex];

            // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
            set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastvalue;
            // Update the index for the moved value
            set._indexes[lastvalue] = toDeleteIndex + 1; // All indexes are 1-based

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

   /**
    * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
    *
    * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
    * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
    *
    * Requirements:
    *
    * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
    */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        require(set._values.length > index, "EnumerableSet: index out of bounds");
        return set._values[index];
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(bytes20(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(bytes20(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(bytes20(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

   /**
    * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
    *
    * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
    * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
    *
    * Requirements:
    *
    * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
    */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(bytes20(_at(set._inner, index)));
    }


    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

   /**
    * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
    *
    * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
    * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
    *
    * Requirements:
    *
    * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
    */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }
}

// File: contracts/Frax/Pools/FraxPoolLibrary.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../../Math/SafeMath.sol";



library FraxPoolLibrary {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    // Constants for various precisions
    uint256 private constant PRICE_PRECISION = 1e6;

    // ================ Structs ================
    // Needed to lower stack size
    struct MintFF_Params {
        uint256 fxs_price_usd; 
        uint256 col_price_usd;
        uint256 fxs_amount;
        uint256 collateral_amount;
        uint256 col_ratio;
    }

    struct BuybackFXS_Params {
        uint256 excess_collateral_dollar_value_d18;
        uint256 fxs_price_usd;
        uint256 col_price_usd;
        uint256 FXS_amount;
    }

    // ================ Functions ================

    function calcMint1t1FRAX(uint256 col_price, uint256 collateral_amount_d18) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return (collateral_amount_d18.mul(col_price)).div(1e6);
    }

    function calcMintAlgorithmicFRAX(uint256 fxs_price_usd, uint256 fxs_amount_d18) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return fxs_amount_d18.mul(fxs_price_usd).div(1e6);
    }

    // Must be internal because of the struct
    function calcMintFractionalFRAX(MintFF_Params memory params) internal pure returns (uint256, uint256) {
        // Since solidity truncates division, every division operation must be the last operation in the equation to ensure minimum error
        // The contract must check the proper ratio was sent to mint FRAX. We do this by seeing the minimum mintable FRAX based on each amount 
        uint256 fxs_dollar_value_d18;
        uint256 c_dollar_value_d18;
        
        // Scoping for stack concerns
        {    
            // USD amounts of the collateral and the FXS
            fxs_dollar_value_d18 = params.fxs_amount.mul(params.fxs_price_usd).div(1e6);
            c_dollar_value_d18 = params.collateral_amount.mul(params.col_price_usd).div(1e6);

        }
        uint calculated_fxs_dollar_value_d18 = 
                    (c_dollar_value_d18.mul(1e6).div(params.col_ratio))
                    .sub(c_dollar_value_d18);

        uint calculated_fxs_needed = calculated_fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(1e6).div(params.fxs_price_usd);

        return (
            c_dollar_value_d18.add(calculated_fxs_dollar_value_d18),
            calculated_fxs_needed
        );
    }

    function calcRedeem1t1FRAX(uint256 col_price_usd, uint256 FRAX_amount) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return FRAX_amount.mul(1e6).div(col_price_usd);
    }

    // Must be internal because of the struct
    function calcBuyBackFXS(BuybackFXS_Params memory params) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // If the total collateral value is higher than the amount required at the current collateral ratio then buy back up to the possible FXS with the desired collateral
        require(params.excess_collateral_dollar_value_d18 > 0, "No excess collateral to buy back!");

        // Make sure not to take more than is available
        uint256 fxs_dollar_value_d18 = params.FXS_amount.mul(params.fxs_price_usd).div(1e6);
        require(fxs_dollar_value_d18 <= params.excess_collateral_dollar_value_d18, "You are trying to buy back more than the excess!");

        // Get the equivalent amount of collateral based on the market value of FXS provided 
        uint256 collateral_equivalent_d18 = fxs_dollar_value_d18.mul(1e6).div(params.col_price_usd);
        //collateral_equivalent_d18 = collateral_equivalent_d18.sub((collateral_equivalent_d18.mul(params.buyback_fee)).div(1e6));

        return (
            collateral_equivalent_d18
        );

    }


    // Returns value of collateral that must increase to reach recollateralization target (if 0 means no recollateralization)
    function recollateralizeAmount(uint256 total_supply, uint256 global_collateral_ratio, uint256 global_collat_value) public pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 target_collat_value = total_supply.mul(global_collateral_ratio).div(1e6); // We want 18 decimals of precision so divide by 1e6; total_supply is 1e18 and global_collateral_ratio is 1e6
        // Subtract the current value of collateral from the target value needed, if higher than 0 then system needs to recollateralize
        return target_collat_value.sub(global_collat_value); // If recollateralization is not needed, throws a subtraction underflow
        // return(recollateralization_left);
    }

    function calcRecollateralizeFRAXInner(
        uint256 collateral_amount, 
        uint256 col_price,
        uint256 global_collat_value,
        uint256 frax_total_supply,
        uint256 global_collateral_ratio
    ) public pure returns (uint256, uint256) {
        uint256 collat_value_attempted = collateral_amount.mul(col_price).div(1e6);
        uint256 effective_collateral_ratio = global_collat_value.mul(1e6).div(frax_total_supply); //returns it in 1e6
        uint256 recollat_possible = (global_collateral_ratio.mul(frax_total_supply).sub(frax_total_supply.mul(effective_collateral_ratio))).div(1e6);

        uint256 amount_to_recollat;
        if(collat_value_attempted <= recollat_possible){
            amount_to_recollat = collat_value_attempted;
        } else {
            amount_to_recollat = recollat_possible;
        }

        return (amount_to_recollat.mul(1e6).div(col_price), amount_to_recollat);

    }

}
// File: contracts/Uniswap/Interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IUniswapV2Factory {
    event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint);

    function feeTo() external view returns (address);
    function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);

    function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint);

    function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair);

    function setFeeTo(address) external;
    function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
}

// File: contracts/Uniswap/Interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IUniswapV2Pair {
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);

    function name() external pure returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);

    function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);

    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;

    event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
    event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        uint amount0In,
        uint amount1In,
        uint amount0Out,
        uint amount1Out,
        address indexed to
    );
    event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);

    function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
    function factory() external view returns (address);
    function token0() external view returns (address);
    function token1() external view returns (address);
    function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
    function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function kLast() external view returns (uint);

    function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
    function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
    function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
    function skim(address to) external;
    function sync() external;

    function initialize(address, address) external;












    
}

// File: contracts/Math/FixedPoint.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import './Babylonian.sol';

// a library for handling binary fixed point numbers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(number_format))
library FixedPoint {
    // range: [0, 2**112 - 1]
    // resolution: 1 / 2**112
    struct uq112x112 {
        uint224 _x;
    }

    // range: [0, 2**144 - 1]
    // resolution: 1 / 2**112
    struct uq144x112 {
        uint _x;
    }

    uint8 private constant RESOLUTION = 112;
    uint private constant Q112 = uint(1) << RESOLUTION;
    uint private constant Q224 = Q112 << RESOLUTION;

    // encode a uint112 as a UQ112x112
    function encode(uint112 x) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        return uq112x112(uint224(x) << RESOLUTION);
    }

    // encodes a uint144 as a UQ144x112
    function encode144(uint144 x) internal pure returns (uq144x112 memory) {
        return uq144x112(uint256(x) << RESOLUTION);
    }

    // divide a UQ112x112 by a uint112, returning a UQ112x112
    function div(uq112x112 memory self, uint112 x) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        require(x != 0, 'FixedPoint: DIV_BY_ZERO');
        return uq112x112(self._x / uint224(x));
    }

    // multiply a UQ112x112 by a uint, returning a UQ144x112
    // reverts on overflow
    function mul(uq112x112 memory self, uint y) internal pure returns (uq144x112 memory) {
        uint z;
        require(y == 0 || (z = uint(self._x) * y) / y == uint(self._x), "FixedPoint: MULTIPLICATION_OVERFLOW");
        return uq144x112(z);
    }

    // returns a UQ112x112 which represents the ratio of the numerator to the denominator
    // equivalent to encode(numerator).div(denominator)
    function fraction(uint112 numerator, uint112 denominator) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        require(denominator > 0, "FixedPoint: DIV_BY_ZERO");
        return uq112x112((uint224(numerator) << RESOLUTION) / denominator);
    }

    // decode a UQ112x112 into a uint112 by truncating after the radix point
    function decode(uq112x112 memory self) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        return uint112(self._x >> RESOLUTION);
    }

    // decode a UQ144x112 into a uint144 by truncating after the radix point
    function decode144(uq144x112 memory self) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        return uint144(self._x >> RESOLUTION);
    }

    // take the reciprocal of a UQ112x112
    function reciprocal(uq112x112 memory self) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        require(self._x != 0, 'FixedPoint: ZERO_RECIPROCAL');
        return uq112x112(uint224(Q224 / self._x));
    }

    // square root of a UQ112x112
    function sqrt(uq112x112 memory self) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        return uq112x112(uint224(Babylonian.sqrt(uint256(self._x)) << 56));
    }
}
// File: contracts/Uniswap/UniswapV2OracleLibrary.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import '../Uniswap/Interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol';
import '../Math/FixedPoint.sol';

// library with helper methods for oracles that are concerned with computing average prices
library UniswapV2OracleLibrary {
    using FixedPoint for *;

    // helper function that returns the current block timestamp within the range of uint32, i.e. [0, 2**32 - 1]
    function currentBlockTimestamp() internal view returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(block.timestamp % 2 ** 32);
    }

    // produces the cumulative price using counterfactuals to save gas and avoid a call to sync.
    function currentCumulativePrices(
        address pair
    ) internal view returns (uint price0Cumulative, uint price1Cumulative, uint32 blockTimestamp) {
        blockTimestamp = currentBlockTimestamp();
        price0Cumulative = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).price0CumulativeLast();
        price1Cumulative = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).price1CumulativeLast();

        // if time has elapsed since the last update on the pair, mock the accumulated price values
        (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast) = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).getReserves();
        if (blockTimestampLast != blockTimestamp) {
            // subtraction overflow is desired
            uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast;
            // addition overflow is desired
            // counterfactual
            price0Cumulative += uint(FixedPoint.fraction(reserve1, reserve0)._x) * timeElapsed;
            // counterfactual
            price1Cumulative += uint(FixedPoint.fraction(reserve0, reserve1)._x) * timeElapsed;
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/Uniswap/UniswapV2Library.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import './Interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol';
import './Interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol';

import "../Math/SafeMath.sol";

library UniswapV2Library {
    using SafeMath for uint;

    // returns sorted token addresses, used to handle return values from pairs sorted in this order
    function sortTokens(address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address token0, address token1) {
        require(tokenA != tokenB, 'UniswapV2Library: IDENTICAL_ADDRESSES');
        (token0, token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
        require(token0 != address(0), 'UniswapV2Library: ZERO_ADDRESS');
    }

    // Less efficient than the CREATE2 method below
    function pairFor(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal view returns (address pair) {
        (address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
        pair = IUniswapV2Factory(factory).getPair(token0, token1);
    }

    // calculates the CREATE2 address for a pair without making any external calls
    function pairForCreate2(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address pair) {
        (address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
        pair = address(uint160(bytes20(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
                hex'ff',
                factory,
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)),
                hex'96e8ac4277198ff8b6f785478aa9a39f403cb768dd02cbee326c3e7da348845f' // init code hash
            ))))); // this matches the CREATE2 in UniswapV2Factory.createPair
    }

    // fetches and sorts the reserves for a pair
    function getReserves(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal view returns (uint reserveA, uint reserveB) {
        (address token0,) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
        (uint reserve0, uint reserve1,) = IUniswapV2Pair(pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB)).getReserves();
        (reserveA, reserveB) = tokenA == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
    }

    // given some amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns an equivalent amount of the other asset
    function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) internal pure returns (uint amountB) {
        require(amountA > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT');
        require(reserveA > 0 && reserveB > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
        amountB = amountA.mul(reserveB) / reserveA;
    }

    // given an input amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns the maximum output amount of the other asset
    function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) internal pure returns (uint amountOut) {
        require(amountIn > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_INPUT_AMOUNT');
        require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
        uint amountInWithFee = amountIn.mul(997);
        uint numerator = amountInWithFee.mul(reserveOut);
        uint denominator = reserveIn.mul(1000).add(amountInWithFee);
        amountOut = numerator / denominator;
    }

    // given an output amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns a required input amount of the other asset
    function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) internal pure returns (uint amountIn) {
        require(amountOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
        require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
        uint numerator = reserveIn.mul(amountOut).mul(1000);
        uint denominator = reserveOut.sub(amountOut).mul(997);
        amountIn = (numerator / denominator).add(1);
    }

    // performs chained getAmountOut calculations on any number of pairs
    function getAmountsOut(address factory, uint amountIn, address[] memory path) internal view returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
        require(path.length >= 2, 'UniswapV2Library: INVALID_PATH');
        amounts = new uint[](path.length);
        amounts[0] = amountIn;
        for (uint i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
            (uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) = getReserves(factory, path[i], path[i + 1]);
            amounts[i + 1] = getAmountOut(amounts[i], reserveIn, reserveOut);
        }
    }

    // performs chained getAmountIn calculations on any number of pairs
    function getAmountsIn(address factory, uint amountOut, address[] memory path) internal view returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
        require(path.length >= 2, 'UniswapV2Library: INVALID_PATH');
        amounts = new uint[](path.length);
        amounts[amounts.length - 1] = amountOut;
        for (uint i = path.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
            (uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) = getReserves(factory, path[i - 1], path[i]);
            amounts[i - 1] = getAmountIn(amounts[i], reserveIn, reserveOut);
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/Math/Babylonian.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// computes square roots using the babylonian method
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method
library Babylonian {
    function sqrt(uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        if (y > 3) {
            z = y;
            uint x = y / 2 + 1;
            while (x < z) {
                z = x;
                x = (y / x + x) / 2;
            }
        } else if (y != 0) {
            z = 1;
        }
        // else z = 0
    }
}
// File: contracts/Oracle/AggregatorV3Interface.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.0;

interface AggregatorV3Interface {

  function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
  function description() external view returns (string memory);
  function version() external view returns (uint256);

  // getRoundData and latestRoundData should both raise "No data present"
  // if they do not have data to report, instead of returning unset values
  // which could be misinterpreted as actual reported values.
  function getRoundData(uint80 _roundId)
    external
    view
    returns (
      uint80 roundId,
      int256 answer,
      uint256 startedAt,
      uint256 updatedAt,
      uint80 answeredInRound
    );
  function latestRoundData()
    external
    view
    returns (
      uint80 roundId,
      int256 answer,
      uint256 startedAt,
      uint256 updatedAt,
      uint80 answeredInRound
    );

}