// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/core/ICore.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./IPermissions.sol";
import "../token/IRusd.sol";

/// @title Core Interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface ICore is IPermissions {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event RusdUpdate(address indexed _rusd);
    event RingUpdate(address indexed _ring);
    event GenesisGroupUpdate(address indexed _genesisGroup);
    event RingAllocation(address indexed _to, uint256 _amount);
    event GenesisPeriodComplete(uint256 _timestamp);

    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function init() external;

    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function setRusd(address token) external;

    function setRing(address token) external;

    function setGenesisGroup(address _genesisGroup) external;

    function allocateRing(address to, uint256 amount) external;

    // ----------- Genesis Group only state changing api -----------

    function completeGenesisGroup() external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function rusd() external view returns (IRusd);

    function ring() external view returns (IERC20);

    function genesisGroup() external view returns (address);

    function hasGenesisGroupCompleted() external view returns (bool);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/core/IPermissions.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

/// @title Permissions interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IPermissions {
    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function createRole(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) external;

    function grantMinter(address minter) external;

    function grantBurner(address burner) external;

    function grantPCVController(address pcvController) external;

    function grantGovernor(address governor) external;

    function grantGuardian(address guardian) external;

    function revokeMinter(address minter) external;

    function revokeBurner(address burner) external;

    function revokePCVController(address pcvController) external;

    function revokeGovernor(address governor) external;

    function revokeGuardian(address guardian) external;

    // ----------- Revoker only state changing api -----------

    function revokeOverride(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function isBurner(address _address) external view returns (bool);

    function isMinter(address _address) external view returns (bool);

    function isGovernor(address _address) external view returns (bool);

    function isGuardian(address _address) external view returns (bool);

    function isPCVController(address _address) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/external/Decimal.sol



/*
    Copyright 2019 dYdX Trading Inc.
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./SafeMathCopy.sol";

/**
 * @title Decimal
 * @author dYdX
 *
 * Library that defines a fixed-point number with 18 decimal places.
 */
library Decimal {
    using SafeMathCopy for uint256;

    // ============ Constants ============

    uint256 private constant BASE = 10**18;

    // ============ Structs ============


    struct D256 {
        uint256 value;
    }

    // ============ Static Functions ============

    function zero()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: 0 });
    }

    function one()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: BASE });
    }

    function from(
        uint256 a
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: a.mul(BASE) });
    }

    function ratio(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(a, BASE, b) });
    }

    // ============ Self Functions ============

    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b,
        string memory reason
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.mul(BASE), reason) });
    }

    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.mul(b) });
    }

    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.div(b) });
    }

    function pow(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        if (b == 0) {
            return from(1);
        }

        D256 memory temp = D256({ value: self.value });
        for (uint256 i = 1; i < b; i++) {
            temp = mul(temp, self);
        }

        return temp;
    }

    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.value) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.value) });
    }

    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b,
        string memory reason
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.value, reason) });
    }

    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, b.value, BASE) });
    }

    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, BASE, b.value) });
    }

    function equals(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == b.value;
    }

    function greaterThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 2;
    }

    function lessThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 0;
    }

    function greaterThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) > 0;
    }

    function lessThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) < 2;
    }

    function isZero(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == 0;
    }

    function asUint256(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return self.value.div(BASE);
    }

    // ============ Core Methods ============

    function getPartial(
        uint256 target,
        uint256 numerator,
        uint256 denominator
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        return target.mul(numerator).div(denominator);
    }

    function compareTo(
        D256 memory a,
        D256 memory b
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        if (a.value == b.value) {
            return 1;
        }
        return a.value > b.value ? 2 : 0;
    }
}
// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/external/SafeMathCopy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity =0.7.6;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMathCopy { // To avoid namespace collision between openzeppelin safemath and uniswap safemath
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/oracle/IOracle.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "../external/Decimal.sol";

/// @title generic oracle interface for Ring Protocol
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IOracle {
    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function read() external view returns (Decimal.D256 memory, bool);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/pcv/ERC20UniswapPCVController.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "@uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/TransferHelper.sol";
import "@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/SafeCast.sol";
import "./IUniswapPCVController.sol";
import "../refs/UniRef.sol";
import "../utils/Timed.sol";
import "../utils/Roots.sol";

/// @title a IUniswapPCVController implementation for ERC20
/// @author Ring Protocol
contract ERC20UniswapPCVController is IUniswapPCVController, UniRef, Timed {
    using Decimal for Decimal.D256;
    using SafeMathCopy for uint128;
    using SafeMathCopy for uint256;
    using SafeCast for uint256;
    using Roots for uint256;

    uint256 public override reweightWithdrawBPs = 9900;

    uint256 internal _reweightDuration = 4 hours;

    uint256 internal constant BASIS_POINTS_GRANULARITY = 10000;

    uint24 public override fee = 500;

    /// @notice returns the linked pcv deposit contract
    IPCVDeposit public override pcvDeposit;

    /// @notice gets the RUSD reward incentive for reweighting
    uint256 public override reweightIncentiveAmount;

    Decimal.D256 internal _minDistanceForReweight;

    /// @notice ERC20UniswapPCVController constructor
    /// @param _core Ring Core for reference
    /// @param _pcvDeposit PCV Deposit to reweight
    /// @param _oracle oracle for reference
    /// @param _incentiveAmount amount of RUSD for triggering a reweight
    /// @param _minDistanceForReweightBPs minimum distance from peg to reweight in basis points
    /// @param _pool Uniswap V3 pool contract to reweight
    /// @param _nft Uniswap V3 position manager to reference
    /// @param _router Uniswap Router
    constructor(
        address _core,
        address _pcvDeposit,
        address _oracle,
        uint256 _incentiveAmount,
        uint256 _minDistanceForReweightBPs,
        address _pool,
        address _nft,
        address _router
    ) UniRef(_core, _pool, _nft, _router, _oracle) Timed(_reweightDuration) {
        pcvDeposit = IPCVDeposit(_pcvDeposit);

        reweightIncentiveAmount = _incentiveAmount;
        _minDistanceForReweight = Decimal.ratio(
            _minDistanceForReweightBPs,
            BASIS_POINTS_GRANULARITY
        );

        // start timer
        _initTimed();
    }

    /// @notice reweights the linked PCV Deposit to the peg price. Needs to be reweight eligible
    function reweight() external override whenNotPaused {
        require(
            reweightEligible(),
            "ERC20UniswapPCVController: Not passed reweight time or not at min distance"
        );
        _reweight();
        _incentivize();
    }

    /// @notice reinvest the fee income into the linked PCV Deposit.
    function reinvest() external override whenNotPaused {
        pcvDeposit.collect();
        pcvDeposit.deposit();

        emit Reinvest(msg.sender);
    }

    /// @notice reweights regardless of eligibility
    function forceReweight() external override onlyGuardianOrGovernor {
        _reweight();
    }

    /// @notice sets the target PCV Deposit address
    function setPCVDeposit(address _pcvDeposit) external override onlyGovernor {
        pcvDeposit = IPCVDeposit(_pcvDeposit);
        emit PCVDepositUpdate(_pcvDeposit);
    }

    /// @notice sets the target PCV Deposit parameters
    function setPCVDepositParameters(uint24 _fee, int24 _tickLower, int24 _tickUpper) external override onlyGovernor {
        pcvDeposit.withdraw(address(pcvDeposit), pcvDeposit.totalLiquidity());
        pcvDeposit.burnAndReset(_fee, _tickLower, _tickUpper);
        pcvDeposit.deposit();

        emit PCVDepositParametersUpdate(address(pcvDeposit), fee, _tickLower, _tickUpper);
    }

    /// @notice sets the reweight incentive amount
    function setReweightIncentive(uint256 amount)
        external
        override
        onlyGovernor
    {
        reweightIncentiveAmount = amount;
        emit ReweightIncentiveUpdate(amount);
    }

    /// @notice sets the reweight withdrawal BPs
    function setReweightWithdrawBPs(uint256 _reweightWithdrawBPs)
        external
        override
        onlyGovernor
    {
        require(_reweightWithdrawBPs <= BASIS_POINTS_GRANULARITY, "ERC20UniswapPCVController: withdraw percent too high");
        reweightWithdrawBPs = _reweightWithdrawBPs;
        emit ReweightWithdrawBPsUpdate(_reweightWithdrawBPs);
    }

    /// @notice sets the reweight min distance in basis points
    function setReweightMinDistance(uint256 basisPoints)
        external
        override
        onlyGovernor
    {
        _minDistanceForReweight = Decimal.ratio(
            basisPoints,
            BASIS_POINTS_GRANULARITY
        );
        emit ReweightMinDistanceUpdate(basisPoints);
    }

    /// @notice sets the reweight duration
    function setDuration(uint256 _duration)
        external
        override
        onlyGovernor
    {
       _setDuration(_duration);
    }

    /// @notice sets the fee
    function setFee(uint24 _fee) external override onlyGovernor {
        fee = _fee;
        emit SwapFeeUpdate(_fee);
    }

    /// @notice signal whether the reweight is available. Must have incentive parity and minimum distance from peg
    function reweightEligible() public view override returns (bool) {
        bool magnitude =
            _getDistanceToPeg().greaterThan(_minDistanceForReweight);
        // incentive parity is achieved after a certain time relative to distance from peg
        bool time = isTimeEnded();
        return magnitude && time;
    }

    /// @notice minimum distance as a percentage from the peg for a reweight to be eligible
    function minDistanceForReweight()
        external
        view
        override
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory)
    {
        return _minDistanceForReweight;
    }

    function _incentivize() internal ifMinterSelf {
        rusd().mint(msg.sender, reweightIncentiveAmount);
    }

    function _reweight() internal {
        _withdraw();
        _returnToPeg();

        // resupply PCV at peg ratio
        uint256 balance = IERC20(token()).balanceOf(address(this));
        // transfer the entire pcv erc20 token balance to pcvDeposit, then run deposit
        TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token(), address(pcvDeposit), balance);
        pcvDeposit.deposit();

        _burnRusdHeld();

        // reset timer
        _initTimed();

        emit Reweight(msg.sender);
    }

    function _returnToPeg() internal {
        Decimal.D256 memory _peg = peg();
        require(
            _isBelowPeg(_peg),
            "ERC20UniswapPCVController: already at or above peg"
        );

        _swapErc20();
    }


    function _swapErc20() internal {
        uint256 balance = IERC20(token()).balanceOf(address(this));

        if (balance != 0) {
            uint256 endOfTime = uint256(-1);
            address _token = token();
            address _rusd = address(rusd());
            Decimal.D256 memory _peg = (_token < _rusd) ? peg() : invert(peg());
            uint160 priceLimit = _peg.mul(2**96).asUint256().mul(2**96).sqrt().toUint160();
            router.exactInputSingle(
                ISwapRouter.ExactInputSingleParams({
                    tokenIn: _token,
                    tokenOut: _rusd,
                    fee: fee,
                    recipient: address(this),
                    deadline: endOfTime,
                    amountIn: balance,
                    amountOutMinimum: 0,
                    sqrtPriceLimitX96: priceLimit
                })
            );
        }
    }

    function _withdraw() internal {
        // Only withdraw a portion to prevent rounding errors on Uni LP dust
        uint256 value =
            pcvDeposit.totalLiquidity().mul(reweightWithdrawBPs) /
                BASIS_POINTS_GRANULARITY;
        require(value > 0, "ERC20UniswapPCVController: No liquidity to withdraw");
        pcvDeposit.withdraw(address(this), value);
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/pcv/IPCVDeposit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title a PCV Deposit interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IPCVDeposit {
    // ----------- Events -----------
    event Deposit(address indexed _from, uint256 _amount);
    event Collect(address indexed _from, uint256 _amount0, uint256 _amount1);

    event Withdrawal(
        address indexed _caller,
        address indexed _to,
        uint256 _amount
    );

    // ----------- State changing api -----------

    function deposit() external payable;

    function collect() external returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    // ----------- PCV Controller only state changing api -----------

    function withdraw(address to, uint256 amount) external;

    function burnAndReset(uint24 _fee, int24 _tickLower, int24 _tickUpper) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function fee() external view returns (uint24);

    function tickLower() external view returns (int24);

    function tickUpper() external view returns (int24);

    function totalLiquidity() external view returns (uint128);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/pcv/IUniswapPCVController.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./IPCVDeposit.sol";
import "../external/Decimal.sol";

/// @title a Uniswap PCV Controller interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IUniswapPCVController {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event Reweight(address indexed _caller);

    event Reinvest(address indexed _caller);

    event PCVDepositUpdate(address indexed _pcvDeposit);

    event PCVDepositParametersUpdate(address indexed pcvDeposit, uint24 fee, int24 tickLower, int24 tickUpper);

    event ReweightIncentiveUpdate(uint256 _amount);

    event ReweightMinDistanceUpdate(uint256 _basisPoints);

    event ReweightWithdrawBPsUpdate(uint256 _reweightWithdrawBPs);

    event SwapFeeUpdate(uint24 _fee);

    // ----------- State changing API -----------

    function reweight() external;

    function reinvest() external;

    // ----------- Governor only state changing API -----------

    function forceReweight() external;

    function setPCVDeposit(address _pcvDeposit) external;

    function setPCVDepositParameters(uint24 _fee, int24 _tickLower, int24 _tickUpper) external;

    function setDuration(uint256 _duration) external;

    function setReweightIncentive(uint256 amount) external;

    function setReweightMinDistance(uint256 basisPoints) external;

    function setReweightWithdrawBPs(uint256 _reweightWithdrawBPs) external;

    function setFee(uint24 _fee) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function fee() external view returns (uint24);

    function pcvDeposit() external view returns (IPCVDeposit);

    function reweightIncentiveAmount() external view returns (uint256);

    function reweightEligible() external view returns (bool);

    function reweightWithdrawBPs() external view returns (uint256);

    function minDistanceForReweight()
        external
        view
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/CoreRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./ICoreRef.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/// @title A Reference to Core
/// @author Ring Protocol
/// @notice defines some modifiers and utilities around interacting with Core
abstract contract CoreRef is ICoreRef, Pausable {
    ICore private _core;

    /// @notice CoreRef constructor
    /// @param newCore Ring Core to reference
    constructor(address newCore) {
        _core = ICore(newCore);
    }

    modifier ifMinterSelf() {
        if (_core.isMinter(address(this))) {
            _;
        }
    }

    modifier ifBurnerSelf() {
        if (_core.isBurner(address(this))) {
            _;
        }
    }

    modifier onlyMinter() {
        require(_core.isMinter(msg.sender), "CoreRef: Caller is not a minter");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyBurner() {
        require(_core.isBurner(msg.sender), "CoreRef: Caller is not a burner");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyPCVController() {
        require(
            _core.isPCVController(msg.sender),
            "CoreRef: Caller is not a PCV controller"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyGovernor() {
        require(
            _core.isGovernor(msg.sender),
            "CoreRef: Caller is not a governor"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyGuardianOrGovernor() {
        require(
            _core.isGovernor(msg.sender) ||
            _core.isGuardian(msg.sender),
            "CoreRef: Caller is not a guardian or governor"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyRusd() {
        require(msg.sender == address(rusd()), "CoreRef: Caller is not RUSD");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyGenesisGroup() {
        require(
            msg.sender == _core.genesisGroup(),
            "CoreRef: Caller is not GenesisGroup"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier nonContract() {
        require(!Address.isContract(msg.sender), "CoreRef: Caller is a contract");
        _;
    }

    /// @notice set new Core reference address
    /// @param _newCore the new core address
    function setCore(address _newCore) external override onlyGovernor {
        _core = ICore(_newCore);
        emit CoreUpdate(_newCore);
    }

    /// @notice set pausable methods to paused
    function pause() public override onlyGuardianOrGovernor {
        _pause();
    }

    /// @notice set pausable methods to unpaused
    function unpause() public override onlyGuardianOrGovernor {
        _unpause();
    }

    /// @notice address of the Core contract referenced
    /// @return ICore implementation address
    function core() public view override returns (ICore) {
        return _core;
    }

    /// @notice address of the Rusd contract referenced by Core
    /// @return IRusd implementation address
    function rusd() public view override returns (IRusd) {
        return _core.rusd();
    }

    /// @notice address of the Ring contract referenced by Core
    /// @return IERC20 implementation address
    function ring() public view override returns (IERC20) {
        return _core.ring();
    }

    /// @notice rusd balance of contract
    /// @return rusd amount held
    function rusdBalance() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return rusd().balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    /// @notice ring balance of contract
    /// @return ring amount held
    function ringBalance() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return ring().balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    function _burnRusdHeld() internal {
        rusd().burn(rusdBalance());
    }

    function _mintRusd(uint256 amount) internal {
        rusd().mint(address(this), amount);
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/ICoreRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "../core/ICore.sol";

/// @title CoreRef interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface ICoreRef {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event CoreUpdate(address indexed _core);

    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function setCore(address _newCore) external;

    function pause() external;

    function unpause() external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function core() external view returns (ICore);

    function rusd() external view returns (IRusd);

    function ring() external view returns (IERC20);

    function rusdBalance() external view returns (uint256);

    function ringBalance() external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/IOracleRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "../oracle/IOracle.sol";

/// @title OracleRef interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IOracleRef {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event OracleUpdate(address indexed _oracle);

    // ----------- Governor only state changing API -----------

    function setOracle(address _oracle) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function oracle() external view returns (IOracle);

    function peg() external view returns (Decimal.D256 memory);

    function invert(Decimal.D256 calldata price)
        external
        pure
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/IUniRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/INonfungiblePositionManager.sol";
import "@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/ISwapRouter.sol";
import "@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol";

/// @title UniRef interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IUniRef {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event PoolUpdate(address indexed _pool);

    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function setPool(address _pool) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function nft() external view returns (INonfungiblePositionManager);

    function router() external view returns (ISwapRouter);

    function pool() external view returns (IUniswapV3Pool);

    function tokenId() external view returns (uint256);

    function token() external view returns (address);

    function liquidityOwned() external view returns (uint128);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/OracleRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "./IOracleRef.sol";
import "./CoreRef.sol";

/// @title Reference to an Oracle
/// @author Ring Protocol
/// @notice defines some utilities around interacting with the referenced oracle
abstract contract OracleRef is IOracleRef, CoreRef {
    using Decimal for Decimal.D256;

    /// @notice the oracle reference by the contract
    IOracle public override oracle;

    /// @notice OracleRef constructor
    /// @param _core Ring Core to reference
    /// @param _oracle oracle to reference
    constructor(address _core, address _oracle) CoreRef(_core) {
        _setOracle(_oracle);
    }

    /// @notice sets the referenced oracle
    /// @param _oracle the new oracle to reference
    function setOracle(address _oracle) external override onlyGovernor {
        _setOracle(_oracle);
    }

    /// @notice invert a peg price
    /// @param price the peg price to invert
    /// @return the inverted peg as a Decimal
    /// @dev the inverted peg would be X per RUSD
    function invert(Decimal.D256 memory price)
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory)
    {
        return Decimal.one().div(price);
    }

    /// @notice the peg price of the referenced oracle
    /// @return the peg as a Decimal
    /// @dev the peg is defined as RUSD per X with X being ETH, dollars, etc
    function peg() public view override returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        (Decimal.D256 memory _peg, bool valid) = oracle.read();
        require(valid, "OracleRef: oracle invalid");
        return _peg;
    }

    function _setOracle(address _oracle) internal {
        oracle = IOracle(_oracle);
        emit OracleUpdate(_oracle);
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/refs/UniRef.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import "@uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/TransferHelper.sol";
import "./OracleRef.sol";
import "./IUniRef.sol";

/// @title A Reference to Uniswap
/// @author Ring Protocol
/// @notice defines some modifiers and utilities around interacting with Uniswap
/// @dev the uniswap v3 pool should be RUSD and another asset
abstract contract UniRef is IUniRef, OracleRef {
    using Decimal for Decimal.D256;
    using SafeMathCopy for uint256;
    using SafeMathCopy for uint160;

    uint256 private constant FIXED_POINT_GRANULARITY = 2**96;

    /// @notice the Uniswap V3 position manager
    INonfungiblePositionManager public override nft;

    /// @notice the Uniswap router contract
    ISwapRouter public override router;

    /// @notice the referenced Uniswap V3 pool contract
    IUniswapV3Pool public override pool;
    
    /// @notice the referenced Uniswap V3 pool position id
    uint256 public override tokenId;

    /// @notice UniRef constructor
    /// @param _core Ring Core to reference
    /// @param _pool Uniswap V3 pool to reference
    /// @param _nft Uniswap V3 position manager to reference
    /// @param _router Uniswap Router to reference
    /// @param _oracle oracle to reference
    constructor(
        address _core,
        address _pool,
        address _nft,
        address _router,
        address _oracle
    ) OracleRef(_core, _oracle) {
        _setupPool(_pool);

        nft = INonfungiblePositionManager(_nft);
        router = ISwapRouter(_router);

        _approveTokenToRouter(address(rusd()));
        _approveTokenToRouter(token());
        _approveTokenToNFT(address(rusd()));
        _approveTokenToNFT(token());
    }

    /// @notice set the new pool contract
    /// @param _pool the new pool
    /// @dev also approves the router for the new pool token and underlying token
    function setPool(address _pool) external override onlyGovernor {
        _setupPool(_pool);

        _approveTokenToRouter(token());
        _approveTokenToNFT(token());
    }

    /// @notice the address of the non-rusd underlying token
    function token() public view override returns (address) {
        address token0 = pool.token0();
        if (address(rusd()) == token0) {
            return pool.token1();
        }
        return token0;
    }

    /// @notice amount of pool liquidity owned by this contract
    /// @return amount of liquidity
    function liquidityOwned() public view override returns (uint128) {
        (, , , , , , , uint128 liquidity, , , , ) = nft.positions(tokenId);
        return liquidity;
    }

    /// @notice returns true if price is below the peg
    /// @dev counterintuitively checks if peg < price because price is reported as RUSD per X
    function _isBelowPeg(Decimal.D256 memory peg) internal view returns (bool) {
        Decimal.D256 memory price = _getUniswapPrice();
        return peg.lessThan(price);
    }

    /// @notice approves a token for the router
    function _approveTokenToRouter(address _token) internal {
        uint256 maxTokens = uint256(-1);
        TransferHelper.safeApprove(_token, address(router), maxTokens);
    }

    /// @notice approves a token for the position manager
    function _approveTokenToNFT(address _token) internal {
        uint256 maxTokens = uint256(-1);
        TransferHelper.safeApprove(_token, address(nft), maxTokens);
    }

    function _setupPool(address _pool) internal {
        pool = IUniswapV3Pool(_pool);
        emit PoolUpdate(_pool);
    }

    /// @notice get uniswap price
    /// @return price reported as Rusd per X
    function _getUniswapPrice()
        internal
        view
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory)
    {
        (uint160 sqrtPriceX96, , , , , , ) = pool.slot0();
        if (token() < address(rusd())) {
            return Decimal.ratio(sqrtPriceX96, FIXED_POINT_GRANULARITY).pow(2);
        } else {
            return Decimal.ratio(FIXED_POINT_GRANULARITY, sqrtPriceX96).pow(2);
        }
    }

    /// @notice return current percent distance from peg
    /// @dev will return Decimal.zero() if above peg
    function _getDistanceToPeg()
        internal
        view
        returns (Decimal.D256 memory distance)
    {
        Decimal.D256 memory price = _getUniswapPrice();
        return _deviationBelowPeg(price, peg());
    }

    /// @notice get deviation from peg as a percent given price
    /// @dev will return Decimal.zero() if above peg
    function _deviationBelowPeg(
        Decimal.D256 memory price,
        Decimal.D256 memory peg
    ) internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        // If price <= peg, then RUSD is more expensive and above peg
        // In this case we can just return zero for deviation
        if (price.lessThanOrEqualTo(peg)) {
            return Decimal.zero();
        }
        Decimal.D256 memory delta = price.sub(peg, "Impossible underflow");
        return delta.div(peg);
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/token/IRusd.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

/// @title RUSD stablecoin interface
/// @author Ring Protocol
interface IRusd is IERC20 {
    // ----------- Events -----------

    event Minting(
        address indexed _to,
        address indexed _minter,
        uint256 _amount
    );

    event Burning(
        address indexed _to,
        address indexed _burner,
        uint256 _amount
    );

    event IncentiveContractUpdate(
        address indexed _incentiveContract
    );

    // ----------- State changing api -----------

    function burn(uint256 amount) external;

    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    // ----------- Burner only state changing api -----------

    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) external;

    // ----------- Minter only state changing api -----------

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external;

    // ----------- Governor only state changing api -----------

    function setIncentiveContract(address incentive) external;

    // ----------- Getters -----------

    function incentiveContract() external view returns (address);
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/utils/Roots.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;

import "@uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/Babylonian.sol";

library Roots {
    // Newton's method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root#Numerical_methods
    function cubeRoot(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        if (y > 7) {
            z = y;
            uint256 x = y / 3 + 1;
            while (x < z) {
                z = x;
                x = (y / (x * x) + (2 * x)) / 3;
            }
        } else if (y != 0) {
            z = 1;
        }
    }

    function sqrt(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return Babylonian.sqrt(y);
    }
}

// File: /Users/xiahonglin/ring/ring-protocol-core/contracts/utils/Timed.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.7.6;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

/// @title an abstract contract for timed events
/// @author Ring Protocol
abstract contract Timed {
    /// @notice the start timestamp of the timed period
    uint256 public startTime;

    /// @notice the duration of the timed period
    uint256 public duration;

    event DurationUpdate(uint256 _duration);

    event TimerReset(uint256 _startTime);

    constructor(uint256 _duration) {
        _setDuration(_duration);
    }

    modifier duringTime() {
        require(isTimeStarted(), "Timed: time not started");
        require(!isTimeEnded(), "Timed: time ended");
        _;
    }

    modifier afterTime() {
        require(isTimeEnded(), "Timed: time not ended");
        _;
    }

    /// @notice return true if time period has ended
    function isTimeEnded() public view returns (bool) {
        return remainingTime() == 0;
    }

    /// @notice number of seconds remaining until time is up
    /// @return remaining
    function remainingTime() public view returns (uint256) {
        return duration - timeSinceStart(); // duration always >= timeSinceStart which is on [0,d]
    }

    /// @notice number of seconds since contract was initialized
    /// @return timestamp
    /// @dev will be less than or equal to duration
    function timeSinceStart() public view returns (uint256) {
        if (!isTimeStarted()) {
            return 0; // uninitialized
        }
        uint256 _duration = duration;
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        uint256 timePassed = block.timestamp - startTime; // block timestamp always >= startTime
        return timePassed > _duration ? _duration : timePassed;
    }

    function isTimeStarted() public view returns (bool) {
        return startTime != 0;
    }

    function _initTimed() internal {
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        startTime = block.timestamp;
        
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        emit TimerReset(block.timestamp);
    }

    function _setDuration(uint _duration) internal {
        duration = _duration;
        emit DurationUpdate(_duration);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;

import "../../introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
      * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
      *
      * Requirements:
      *
      * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
      * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
      * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
      * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
      * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
      *
      * Emits a {Transfer} event.
      */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Enumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
      return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

import "./Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// File: @uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/Babylonian.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity >=0.4.0;

// computes square roots using the babylonian method
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method
library Babylonian {
    function sqrt(uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        if (y > 3) {
            z = y;
            uint x = y / 2 + 1;
            while (x < z) {
                z = x;
                x = (y / x + x) / 2;
            }
        } else if (y != 0) {
            z = 1;
        }
        // else z = 0
    }
}

// File: @uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/TransferHelper.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity >=0.6.0;

// helper methods for interacting with ERC20 tokens and sending ETH that do not consistently return true/false
library TransferHelper {
    function safeApprove(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('approve(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x095ea7b3, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: APPROVE_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransfer(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transfer(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xa9059cbb, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address token, address from, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transferFrom(address,address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x23b872dd, from, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FROM_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferETH(address to, uint value) internal {
        (bool success,) = to.call{value:value}(new bytes(0));
        require(success, 'TransferHelper: ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolImmutables.sol';
import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolState.sol';
import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState.sol';
import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolActions.sol';
import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions.sol';
import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolEvents.sol';

/// @title The interface for a Uniswap V3 Pool
/// @notice A Uniswap pool facilitates swapping and automated market making between any two assets that strictly conform
/// to the ERC20 specification
/// @dev The pool interface is broken up into many smaller pieces
interface IUniswapV3Pool is
    IUniswapV3PoolImmutables,
    IUniswapV3PoolState,
    IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState,
    IUniswapV3PoolActions,
    IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions,
    IUniswapV3PoolEvents
{

}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/callback/IUniswapV3SwapCallback.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Callback for IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap
/// @notice Any contract that calls IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap must implement this interface
interface IUniswapV3SwapCallback {
    /// @notice Called to `msg.sender` after executing a swap via IUniswapV3Pool#swap.
    /// @dev In the implementation you must pay the pool tokens owed for the swap.
    /// The caller of this method must be checked to be a UniswapV3Pool deployed by the canonical UniswapV3Factory.
    /// amount0Delta and amount1Delta can both be 0 if no tokens were swapped.
    /// @param amount0Delta The amount of token0 that was sent (negative) or must be received (positive) by the pool by
    /// the end of the swap. If positive, the callback must send that amount of token0 to the pool.
    /// @param amount1Delta The amount of token1 that was sent (negative) or must be received (positive) by the pool by
    /// the end of the swap. If positive, the callback must send that amount of token1 to the pool.
    /// @param data Any data passed through by the caller via the IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap call
    function uniswapV3SwapCallback(
        int256 amount0Delta,
        int256 amount1Delta,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolActions.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Permissionless pool actions
/// @notice Contains pool methods that can be called by anyone
interface IUniswapV3PoolActions {
    /// @notice Sets the initial price for the pool
    /// @dev Price is represented as a sqrt(amountToken1/amountToken0) Q64.96 value
    /// @param sqrtPriceX96 the initial sqrt price of the pool as a Q64.96
    function initialize(uint160 sqrtPriceX96) external;

    /// @notice Adds liquidity for the given recipient/tickLower/tickUpper position
    /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3MintCallback#uniswapV3MintCallback
    /// in which they must pay any token0 or token1 owed for the liquidity. The amount of token0/token1 due depends
    /// on tickLower, tickUpper, the amount of liquidity, and the current price.
    /// @param recipient The address for which the liquidity will be created
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position in which to add liquidity
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position in which to add liquidity
    /// @param amount The amount of liquidity to mint
    /// @param data Any data that should be passed through to the callback
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 that was paid to mint the given amount of liquidity. Matches the value in the callback
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 that was paid to mint the given amount of liquidity. Matches the value in the callback
    function mint(
        address recipient,
        int24 tickLower,
        int24 tickUpper,
        uint128 amount,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    /// @notice Collects tokens owed to a position
    /// @dev Does not recompute fees earned, which must be done either via mint or burn of any amount of liquidity.
    /// Collect must be called by the position owner. To withdraw only token0 or only token1, amount0Requested or
    /// amount1Requested may be set to zero. To withdraw all tokens owed, caller may pass any value greater than the
    /// actual tokens owed, e.g. type(uint128).max. Tokens owed may be from accumulated swap fees or burned liquidity.
    /// @param recipient The address which should receive the fees collected
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position for which to collect fees
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position for which to collect fees
    /// @param amount0Requested How much token0 should be withdrawn from the fees owed
    /// @param amount1Requested How much token1 should be withdrawn from the fees owed
    /// @return amount0 The amount of fees collected in token0
    /// @return amount1 The amount of fees collected in token1
    function collect(
        address recipient,
        int24 tickLower,
        int24 tickUpper,
        uint128 amount0Requested,
        uint128 amount1Requested
    ) external returns (uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);

    /// @notice Burn liquidity from the sender and account tokens owed for the liquidity to the position
    /// @dev Can be used to trigger a recalculation of fees owed to a position by calling with an amount of 0
    /// @dev Fees must be collected separately via a call to #collect
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position for which to burn liquidity
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position for which to burn liquidity
    /// @param amount How much liquidity to burn
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 sent to the recipient
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 sent to the recipient
    function burn(
        int24 tickLower,
        int24 tickUpper,
        uint128 amount
    ) external returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    /// @notice Swap token0 for token1, or token1 for token0
    /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3SwapCallback#uniswapV3SwapCallback
    /// @param recipient The address to receive the output of the swap
    /// @param zeroForOne The direction of the swap, true for token0 to token1, false for token1 to token0
    /// @param amountSpecified The amount of the swap, which implicitly configures the swap as exact input (positive), or exact output (negative)
    /// @param sqrtPriceLimitX96 The Q64.96 sqrt price limit. If zero for one, the price cannot be less than this
    /// value after the swap. If one for zero, the price cannot be greater than this value after the swap
    /// @param data Any data to be passed through to the callback
    /// @return amount0 The delta of the balance of token0 of the pool, exact when negative, minimum when positive
    /// @return amount1 The delta of the balance of token1 of the pool, exact when negative, minimum when positive
    function swap(
        address recipient,
        bool zeroForOne,
        int256 amountSpecified,
        uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (int256 amount0, int256 amount1);

    /// @notice Receive token0 and/or token1 and pay it back, plus a fee, in the callback
    /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3FlashCallback#uniswapV3FlashCallback
    /// @dev Can be used to donate underlying tokens pro-rata to currently in-range liquidity providers by calling
    /// with 0 amount{0,1} and sending the donation amount(s) from the callback
    /// @param recipient The address which will receive the token0 and token1 amounts
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 to send
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 to send
    /// @param data Any data to be passed through to the callback
    function flash(
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount0,
        uint256 amount1,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /// @notice Increase the maximum number of price and liquidity observations that this pool will store
    /// @dev This method is no-op if the pool already has an observationCardinalityNext greater than or equal to
    /// the input observationCardinalityNext.
    /// @param observationCardinalityNext The desired minimum number of observations for the pool to store
    function increaseObservationCardinalityNext(uint16 observationCardinalityNext) external;
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Pool state that is not stored
/// @notice Contains view functions to provide information about the pool that is computed rather than stored on the
/// blockchain. The functions here may have variable gas costs.
interface IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState {
    /// @notice Returns the cumulative tick and liquidity as of each timestamp `secondsAgo` from the current block timestamp
    /// @dev To get a time weighted average tick or liquidity-in-range, you must call this with two values, one representing
    /// the beginning of the period and another for the end of the period. E.g., to get the last hour time-weighted average tick,
    /// you must call it with secondsAgos = [3600, 0].
    /// @dev The time weighted average tick represents the geometric time weighted average price of the pool, in
    /// log base sqrt(1.0001) of token1 / token0. The TickMath library can be used to go from a tick value to a ratio.
    /// @param secondsAgos From how long ago each cumulative tick and liquidity value should be returned
    /// @return tickCumulatives Cumulative tick values as of each `secondsAgos` from the current block timestamp
    /// @return secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s Cumulative seconds per liquidity-in-range value as of each `secondsAgos` from the current block
    /// timestamp
    function observe(uint32[] calldata secondsAgos)
        external
        view
        returns (int56[] memory tickCumulatives, uint160[] memory secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s);

    /// @notice Returns a snapshot of the tick cumulative, seconds per liquidity and seconds inside a tick range
    /// @dev Snapshots must only be compared to other snapshots, taken over a period for which a position existed.
    /// I.e., snapshots cannot be compared if a position is not held for the entire period between when the first
    /// snapshot is taken and the second snapshot is taken.
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the range
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the range
    /// @return tickCumulativeInside The snapshot of the tick accumulator for the range
    /// @return secondsPerLiquidityInsideX128 The snapshot of seconds per liquidity for the range
    /// @return secondsInside The snapshot of seconds per liquidity for the range
    function snapshotCumulativesInside(int24 tickLower, int24 tickUpper)
        external
        view
        returns (
            int56 tickCumulativeInside,
            uint160 secondsPerLiquidityInsideX128,
            uint32 secondsInside
        );
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolEvents.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Events emitted by a pool
/// @notice Contains all events emitted by the pool
interface IUniswapV3PoolEvents {
    /// @notice Emitted exactly once by a pool when #initialize is first called on the pool
    /// @dev Mint/Burn/Swap cannot be emitted by the pool before Initialize
    /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The initial sqrt price of the pool, as a Q64.96
    /// @param tick The initial tick of the pool, i.e. log base 1.0001 of the starting price of the pool
    event Initialize(uint160 sqrtPriceX96, int24 tick);

    /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is minted for a given position
    /// @param sender The address that minted the liquidity
    /// @param owner The owner of the position and recipient of any minted liquidity
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
    /// @param amount The amount of liquidity minted to the position range
    /// @param amount0 How much token0 was required for the minted liquidity
    /// @param amount1 How much token1 was required for the minted liquidity
    event Mint(
        address sender,
        address indexed owner,
        int24 indexed tickLower,
        int24 indexed tickUpper,
        uint128 amount,
        uint256 amount0,
        uint256 amount1
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when fees are collected by the owner of a position
    /// @dev Collect events may be emitted with zero amount0 and amount1 when the caller chooses not to collect fees
    /// @param owner The owner of the position for which fees are collected
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 fees collected
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 fees collected
    event Collect(
        address indexed owner,
        address recipient,
        int24 indexed tickLower,
        int24 indexed tickUpper,
        uint128 amount0,
        uint128 amount1
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when a position's liquidity is removed
    /// @dev Does not withdraw any fees earned by the liquidity position, which must be withdrawn via #collect
    /// @param owner The owner of the position for which liquidity is removed
    /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
    /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
    /// @param amount The amount of liquidity to remove
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 withdrawn
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 withdrawn
    event Burn(
        address indexed owner,
        int24 indexed tickLower,
        int24 indexed tickUpper,
        uint128 amount,
        uint256 amount0,
        uint256 amount1
    );

    /// @notice Emitted by the pool for any swaps between token0 and token1
    /// @param sender The address that initiated the swap call, and that received the callback
    /// @param recipient The address that received the output of the swap
    /// @param amount0 The delta of the token0 balance of the pool
    /// @param amount1 The delta of the token1 balance of the pool
    /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The sqrt(price) of the pool after the swap, as a Q64.96
    /// @param liquidity The liquidity of the pool after the swap
    /// @param tick The log base 1.0001 of price of the pool after the swap
    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed recipient,
        int256 amount0,
        int256 amount1,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
        uint128 liquidity,
        int24 tick
    );

    /// @notice Emitted by the pool for any flashes of token0/token1
    /// @param sender The address that initiated the swap call, and that received the callback
    /// @param recipient The address that received the tokens from flash
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was flashed
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was flashed
    /// @param paid0 The amount of token0 paid for the flash, which can exceed the amount0 plus the fee
    /// @param paid1 The amount of token1 paid for the flash, which can exceed the amount1 plus the fee
    event Flash(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed recipient,
        uint256 amount0,
        uint256 amount1,
        uint256 paid0,
        uint256 paid1
    );

    /// @notice Emitted by the pool for increases to the number of observations that can be stored
    /// @dev observationCardinalityNext is not the observation cardinality until an observation is written at the index
    /// just before a mint/swap/burn.
    /// @param observationCardinalityNextOld The previous value of the next observation cardinality
    /// @param observationCardinalityNextNew The updated value of the next observation cardinality
    event IncreaseObservationCardinalityNext(
        uint16 observationCardinalityNextOld,
        uint16 observationCardinalityNextNew
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when the protocol fee is changed by the pool
    /// @param feeProtocol0Old The previous value of the token0 protocol fee
    /// @param feeProtocol1Old The previous value of the token1 protocol fee
    /// @param feeProtocol0New The updated value of the token0 protocol fee
    /// @param feeProtocol1New The updated value of the token1 protocol fee
    event SetFeeProtocol(uint8 feeProtocol0Old, uint8 feeProtocol1Old, uint8 feeProtocol0New, uint8 feeProtocol1New);

    /// @notice Emitted when the collected protocol fees are withdrawn by the factory owner
    /// @param sender The address that collects the protocol fees
    /// @param recipient The address that receives the collected protocol fees
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 protocol fees that is withdrawn
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token1 protocol fees that is withdrawn
    event CollectProtocol(address indexed sender, address indexed recipient, uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolImmutables.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Pool state that never changes
/// @notice These parameters are fixed for a pool forever, i.e., the methods will always return the same values
interface IUniswapV3PoolImmutables {
    /// @notice The contract that deployed the pool, which must adhere to the IUniswapV3Factory interface
    /// @return The contract address
    function factory() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice The first of the two tokens of the pool, sorted by address
    /// @return The token contract address
    function token0() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice The second of the two tokens of the pool, sorted by address
    /// @return The token contract address
    function token1() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice The pool's fee in hundredths of a bip, i.e. 1e-6
    /// @return The fee
    function fee() external view returns (uint24);

    /// @notice The pool tick spacing
    /// @dev Ticks can only be used at multiples of this value, minimum of 1 and always positive
    /// e.g.: a tickSpacing of 3 means ticks can be initialized every 3rd tick, i.e., ..., -6, -3, 0, 3, 6, ...
    /// This value is an int24 to avoid casting even though it is always positive.
    /// @return The tick spacing
    function tickSpacing() external view returns (int24);

    /// @notice The maximum amount of position liquidity that can use any tick in the range
    /// @dev This parameter is enforced per tick to prevent liquidity from overflowing a uint128 at any point, and
    /// also prevents out-of-range liquidity from being used to prevent adding in-range liquidity to a pool
    /// @return The max amount of liquidity per tick
    function maxLiquidityPerTick() external view returns (uint128);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Permissioned pool actions
/// @notice Contains pool methods that may only be called by the factory owner
interface IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions {
    /// @notice Set the denominator of the protocol's % share of the fees
    /// @param feeProtocol0 new protocol fee for token0 of the pool
    /// @param feeProtocol1 new protocol fee for token1 of the pool
    function setFeeProtocol(uint8 feeProtocol0, uint8 feeProtocol1) external;

    /// @notice Collect the protocol fee accrued to the pool
    /// @param recipient The address to which collected protocol fees should be sent
    /// @param amount0Requested The maximum amount of token0 to send, can be 0 to collect fees in only token1
    /// @param amount1Requested The maximum amount of token1 to send, can be 0 to collect fees in only token0
    /// @return amount0 The protocol fee collected in token0
    /// @return amount1 The protocol fee collected in token1
    function collectProtocol(
        address recipient,
        uint128 amount0Requested,
        uint128 amount1Requested
    ) external returns (uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/pool/IUniswapV3PoolState.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Pool state that can change
/// @notice These methods compose the pool's state, and can change with any frequency including multiple times
/// per transaction
interface IUniswapV3PoolState {
    /// @notice The 0th storage slot in the pool stores many values, and is exposed as a single method to save gas
    /// when accessed externally.
    /// @return sqrtPriceX96 The current price of the pool as a sqrt(token1/token0) Q64.96 value
    /// tick The current tick of the pool, i.e. according to the last tick transition that was run.
    /// This value may not always be equal to SqrtTickMath.getTickAtSqrtRatio(sqrtPriceX96) if the price is on a tick
    /// boundary.
    /// observationIndex The index of the last oracle observation that was written,
    /// observationCardinality The current maximum number of observations stored in the pool,
    /// observationCardinalityNext The next maximum number of observations, to be updated when the observation.
    /// feeProtocol The protocol fee for both tokens of the pool.
    /// Encoded as two 4 bit values, where the protocol fee of token1 is shifted 4 bits and the protocol fee of token0
    /// is the lower 4 bits. Used as the denominator of a fraction of the swap fee, e.g. 4 means 1/4th of the swap fee.
    /// unlocked Whether the pool is currently locked to reentrancy
    function slot0()
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
            int24 tick,
            uint16 observationIndex,
            uint16 observationCardinality,
            uint16 observationCardinalityNext,
            uint8 feeProtocol,
            bool unlocked
        );

    /// @notice The fee growth as a Q128.128 fees of token0 collected per unit of liquidity for the entire life of the pool
    /// @dev This value can overflow the uint256
    function feeGrowthGlobal0X128() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice The fee growth as a Q128.128 fees of token1 collected per unit of liquidity for the entire life of the pool
    /// @dev This value can overflow the uint256
    function feeGrowthGlobal1X128() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice The amounts of token0 and token1 that are owed to the protocol
    /// @dev Protocol fees will never exceed uint128 max in either token
    function protocolFees() external view returns (uint128 token0, uint128 token1);

    /// @notice The currently in range liquidity available to the pool
    /// @dev This value has no relationship to the total liquidity across all ticks
    function liquidity() external view returns (uint128);

    /// @notice Look up information about a specific tick in the pool
    /// @param tick The tick to look up
    /// @return liquidityGross the total amount of position liquidity that uses the pool either as tick lower or
    /// tick upper,
    /// liquidityNet how much liquidity changes when the pool price crosses the tick,
    /// feeGrowthOutside0X128 the fee growth on the other side of the tick from the current tick in token0,
    /// feeGrowthOutside1X128 the fee growth on the other side of the tick from the current tick in token1,
    /// tickCumulativeOutside the cumulative tick value on the other side of the tick from the current tick
    /// secondsPerLiquidityOutsideX128 the seconds spent per liquidity on the other side of the tick from the current tick,
    /// secondsOutside the seconds spent on the other side of the tick from the current tick,
    /// initialized Set to true if the tick is initialized, i.e. liquidityGross is greater than 0, otherwise equal to false.
    /// Outside values can only be used if the tick is initialized, i.e. if liquidityGross is greater than 0.
    /// In addition, these values are only relative and must be used only in comparison to previous snapshots for
    /// a specific position.
    function ticks(int24 tick)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint128 liquidityGross,
            int128 liquidityNet,
            uint256 feeGrowthOutside0X128,
            uint256 feeGrowthOutside1X128,
            int56 tickCumulativeOutside,
            uint160 secondsPerLiquidityOutsideX128,
            uint32 secondsOutside,
            bool initialized
        );

    /// @notice Returns 256 packed tick initialized boolean values. See TickBitmap for more information
    function tickBitmap(int16 wordPosition) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Returns the information about a position by the position's key
    /// @param key The position's key is a hash of a preimage composed by the owner, tickLower and tickUpper
    /// @return _liquidity The amount of liquidity in the position,
    /// Returns feeGrowthInside0LastX128 fee growth of token0 inside the tick range as of the last mint/burn/poke,
    /// Returns feeGrowthInside1LastX128 fee growth of token1 inside the tick range as of the last mint/burn/poke,
    /// Returns tokensOwed0 the computed amount of token0 owed to the position as of the last mint/burn/poke,
    /// Returns tokensOwed1 the computed amount of token1 owed to the position as of the last mint/burn/poke
    function positions(bytes32 key)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint128 _liquidity,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside0LastX128,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside1LastX128,
            uint128 tokensOwed0,
            uint128 tokensOwed1
        );

    /// @notice Returns data about a specific observation index
    /// @param index The element of the observations array to fetch
    /// @dev You most likely want to use #observe() instead of this method to get an observation as of some amount of time
    /// ago, rather than at a specific index in the array.
    /// @return blockTimestamp The timestamp of the observation,
    /// Returns tickCumulative the tick multiplied by seconds elapsed for the life of the pool as of the observation timestamp,
    /// Returns secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128 the seconds per in range liquidity for the life of the pool as of the observation timestamp,
    /// Returns initialized whether the observation has been initialized and the values are safe to use
    function observations(uint256 index)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint32 blockTimestamp,
            int56 tickCumulative,
            uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128,
            bool initialized
        );
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/SafeCast.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Safe casting methods
/// @notice Contains methods for safely casting between types
library SafeCast {
    /// @notice Cast a uint256 to a uint160, revert on overflow
    /// @param y The uint256 to be downcasted
    /// @return z The downcasted integer, now type uint160
    function toUint160(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint160 z) {
        require((z = uint160(y)) == y);
    }

    /// @notice Cast a int256 to a int128, revert on overflow or underflow
    /// @param y The int256 to be downcasted
    /// @return z The downcasted integer, now type int128
    function toInt128(int256 y) internal pure returns (int128 z) {
        require((z = int128(y)) == y);
    }

    /// @notice Cast a uint256 to a int256, revert on overflow
    /// @param y The uint256 to be casted
    /// @return z The casted integer, now type int256
    function toInt256(uint256 y) internal pure returns (int256 z) {
        require(y < 2**255);
        z = int256(y);
    }
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IERC721Permit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.7.5;

import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol';

/// @title ERC721 with permit
/// @notice Extension to ERC721 that includes a permit function for signature based approvals
interface IERC721Permit is IERC721 {
    /// @notice The permit typehash used in the permit signature
    /// @return The typehash for the permit
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);

    /// @notice The domain separator used in the permit signature
    /// @return The domain seperator used in encoding of permit signature
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);

    /// @notice Approve of a specific token ID for spending by spender via signature
    /// @param spender The account that is being approved
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that is being approved for spending
    /// @param deadline The deadline timestamp by which the call must be mined for the approve to work
    /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
    /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
    /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
    function permit(
        address spender,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external payable;
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/INonfungiblePositionManager.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
pragma abicoder v2;

import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Metadata.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Enumerable.sol';

import './IPoolInitializer.sol';
import './IERC721Permit.sol';
import './IPeripheryPayments.sol';
import './IPeripheryImmutableState.sol';
import '../libraries/PoolAddress.sol';

/// @title Non-fungible token for positions
/// @notice Wraps Uniswap V3 positions in a non-fungible token interface which allows for them to be transferred
/// and authorized.
interface INonfungiblePositionManager is
    IPoolInitializer,
    IPeripheryPayments,
    IPeripheryImmutableState,
    IERC721Metadata,
    IERC721Enumerable,
    IERC721Permit
{
    /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is increased for a position NFT
    /// @dev Also emitted when a token is minted
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity was increased
    /// @param liquidity The amount by which liquidity for the NFT position was increased
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was paid for the increase in liquidity
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was paid for the increase in liquidity
    event IncreaseLiquidity(uint256 indexed tokenId, uint128 liquidity, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
    /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is decreased for a position NFT
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity was decreased
    /// @param liquidity The amount by which liquidity for the NFT position was decreased
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was accounted for the decrease in liquidity
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was accounted for the decrease in liquidity
    event DecreaseLiquidity(uint256 indexed tokenId, uint128 liquidity, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
    /// @notice Emitted when tokens are collected for a position NFT
    /// @dev The amounts reported may not be exactly equivalent to the amounts transferred, due to rounding behavior
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which underlying tokens were collected
    /// @param recipient The address of the account that received the collected tokens
    /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 owed to the position that was collected
    /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 owed to the position that was collected
    event Collect(uint256 indexed tokenId, address recipient, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    /// @notice Returns the position information associated with a given token ID.
    /// @dev Throws if the token ID is not valid.
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that represents the position
    /// @return nonce The nonce for permits
    /// @return operator The address that is approved for spending
    /// @return token0 The address of the token0 for a specific pool
    /// @return token1 The address of the token1 for a specific pool
    /// @return fee The fee associated with the pool
    /// @return tickLower The lower end of the tick range for the position
    /// @return tickUpper The higher end of the tick range for the position
    /// @return liquidity The liquidity of the position
    /// @return feeGrowthInside0LastX128 The fee growth of token0 as of the last action on the individual position
    /// @return feeGrowthInside1LastX128 The fee growth of token1 as of the last action on the individual position
    /// @return tokensOwed0 The uncollected amount of token0 owed to the position as of the last computation
    /// @return tokensOwed1 The uncollected amount of token1 owed to the position as of the last computation
    function positions(uint256 tokenId)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint96 nonce,
            address operator,
            address token0,
            address token1,
            uint24 fee,
            int24 tickLower,
            int24 tickUpper,
            uint128 liquidity,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside0LastX128,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside1LastX128,
            uint128 tokensOwed0,
            uint128 tokensOwed1
        );

    struct MintParams {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
        int24 tickLower;
        int24 tickUpper;
        uint256 amount0Desired;
        uint256 amount1Desired;
        uint256 amount0Min;
        uint256 amount1Min;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
    }

    /// @notice Creates a new position wrapped in a NFT
    /// @dev Call this when the pool does exist and is initialized. Note that if the pool is created but not initialized
    /// a method does not exist, i.e. the pool is assumed to be initialized.
    /// @param params The params necessary to mint a position, encoded as `MintParams` in calldata
    /// @return tokenId The ID of the token that represents the minted position
    /// @return liquidity The amount of liquidity for this position
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1
    function mint(MintParams calldata params)
        external
        payable
        returns (
            uint256 tokenId,
            uint128 liquidity,
            uint256 amount0,
            uint256 amount1
        );

    struct IncreaseLiquidityParams {
        uint256 tokenId;
        uint256 amount0Desired;
        uint256 amount1Desired;
        uint256 amount0Min;
        uint256 amount1Min;
        uint256 deadline;
    }

    /// @notice Increases the amount of liquidity in a position, with tokens paid by the `msg.sender`
    /// @param params tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity is being increased,
    /// amount0Desired The desired amount of token0 to be spent,
    /// amount1Desired The desired amount of token1 to be spent,
    /// amount0Min The minimum amount of token0 to spend, which serves as a slippage check,
    /// amount1Min The minimum amount of token1 to spend, which serves as a slippage check,
    /// deadline The time by which the transaction must be included to effect the change
    /// @return liquidity The new liquidity amount as a result of the increase
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 to acheive resulting liquidity
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 to acheive resulting liquidity
    function increaseLiquidity(IncreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
        external
        payable
        returns (
            uint128 liquidity,
            uint256 amount0,
            uint256 amount1
        );

    struct DecreaseLiquidityParams {
        uint256 tokenId;
        uint128 liquidity;
        uint256 amount0Min;
        uint256 amount1Min;
        uint256 deadline;
    }

    /// @notice Decreases the amount of liquidity in a position and accounts it to the position
    /// @param params tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity is being decreased,
    /// amount The amount by which liquidity will be decreased,
    /// amount0Min The minimum amount of token0 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
    /// amount1Min The minimum amount of token1 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
    /// deadline The time by which the transaction must be included to effect the change
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 accounted to the position's tokens owed
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 accounted to the position's tokens owed
    function decreaseLiquidity(DecreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    struct CollectParams {
        uint256 tokenId;
        address recipient;
        uint128 amount0Max;
        uint128 amount1Max;
    }

    /// @notice Collects up to a maximum amount of fees owed to a specific position to the recipient
    /// @param params tokenId The ID of the NFT for which tokens are being collected,
    /// recipient The account that should receive the tokens,
    /// amount0Max The maximum amount of token0 to collect,
    /// amount1Max The maximum amount of token1 to collect
    /// @return amount0 The amount of fees collected in token0
    /// @return amount1 The amount of fees collected in token1
    function collect(CollectParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    /// @notice Burns a token ID, which deletes it from the NFT contract. The token must have 0 liquidity and all tokens
    /// must be collected first.
    /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that is being burned
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) external payable;
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IPeripheryImmutableState.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Immutable state
/// @notice Functions that return immutable state of the router
interface IPeripheryImmutableState {
    /// @return Returns the address of the Uniswap V3 factory
    function factory() external view returns (address);

    /// @return Returns the address of WETH9
    function WETH9() external view returns (address);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IPeripheryPayments.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.7.5;

/// @title Periphery Payments
/// @notice Functions to ease deposits and withdrawals of ETH
interface IPeripheryPayments {
    /// @notice Unwraps the contract's WETH9 balance and sends it to recipient as ETH.
    /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing WETH9 from users.
    /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of WETH9 to unwrap
    /// @param recipient The address receiving ETH
    function unwrapWETH9(uint256 amountMinimum, address recipient) external payable;

    /// @notice Refunds any ETH balance held by this contract to the `msg.sender`
    /// @dev Useful for bundling with mint or increase liquidity that uses ether, or exact output swaps
    /// that use ether for the input amount
    function refundETH() external payable;

    /// @notice Transfers the full amount of a token held by this contract to recipient
    /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing the token from users
    /// @param token The contract address of the token which will be transferred to `recipient`
    /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of token required for a transfer
    /// @param recipient The destination address of the token
    function sweepToken(
        address token,
        uint256 amountMinimum,
        address recipient
    ) external payable;
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IPoolInitializer.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
pragma abicoder v2;

/// @title Creates and initializes V3 Pools
/// @notice Provides a method for creating and initializing a pool, if necessary, for bundling with other methods that
/// require the pool to exist.
interface IPoolInitializer {
    /// @notice Creates a new pool if it does not exist, then initializes if not initialized
    /// @dev This method can be bundled with others via IMulticall for the first action (e.g. mint) performed against a pool
    /// @param token0 The contract address of token0 of the pool
    /// @param token1 The contract address of token1 of the pool
    /// @param fee The fee amount of the v3 pool for the specified token pair
    /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The initial square root price of the pool as a Q64.96 value
    /// @return pool Returns the pool address based on the pair of tokens and fee, will return the newly created pool address if necessary
    function createAndInitializePoolIfNecessary(
        address token0,
        address token1,
        uint24 fee,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96
    ) external payable returns (address pool);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/ISwapRouter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
pragma abicoder v2;

import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/callback/IUniswapV3SwapCallback.sol';

/// @title Router token swapping functionality
/// @notice Functions for swapping tokens via Uniswap V3
interface ISwapRouter is IUniswapV3SwapCallback {
    struct ExactInputSingleParams {
        address tokenIn;
        address tokenOut;
        uint24 fee;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
        uint256 amountIn;
        uint256 amountOutMinimum;
        uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96;
    }

    /// @notice Swaps `amountIn` of one token for as much as possible of another token
    /// @param params The parameters necessary for the swap, encoded as `ExactInputSingleParams` in calldata
    /// @return amountOut The amount of the received token
    function exactInputSingle(ExactInputSingleParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountOut);

    struct ExactInputParams {
        bytes path;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
        uint256 amountIn;
        uint256 amountOutMinimum;
    }

    /// @notice Swaps `amountIn` of one token for as much as possible of another along the specified path
    /// @param params The parameters necessary for the multi-hop swap, encoded as `ExactInputParams` in calldata
    /// @return amountOut The amount of the received token
    function exactInput(ExactInputParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountOut);

    struct ExactOutputSingleParams {
        address tokenIn;
        address tokenOut;
        uint24 fee;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
        uint256 amountOut;
        uint256 amountInMaximum;
        uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96;
    }

    /// @notice Swaps as little as possible of one token for `amountOut` of another token
    /// @param params The parameters necessary for the swap, encoded as `ExactOutputSingleParams` in calldata
    /// @return amountIn The amount of the input token
    function exactOutputSingle(ExactOutputSingleParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountIn);

    struct ExactOutputParams {
        bytes path;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
        uint256 amountOut;
        uint256 amountInMaximum;
    }

    /// @notice Swaps as little as possible of one token for `amountOut` of another along the specified path (reversed)
    /// @param params The parameters necessary for the multi-hop swap, encoded as `ExactOutputParams` in calldata
    /// @return amountIn The amount of the input token
    function exactOutput(ExactOutputParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountIn);
}

// File: @uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/PoolAddress.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title Provides functions for deriving a pool address from the factory, tokens, and the fee
library PoolAddress {
    bytes32 internal constant POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH = 0xe34f199b19b2b4f47f68442619d555527d244f78a3297ea89325f843f87b8b54;

    /// @notice The identifying key of the pool
    struct PoolKey {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
    }

    /// @notice Returns PoolKey: the ordered tokens with the matched fee levels
    /// @param tokenA The first token of a pool, unsorted
    /// @param tokenB The second token of a pool, unsorted
    /// @param fee The fee level of the pool
    /// @return Poolkey The pool details with ordered token0 and token1 assignments
    function getPoolKey(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint24 fee
    ) internal pure returns (PoolKey memory) {
        if (tokenA > tokenB) (tokenA, tokenB) = (tokenB, tokenA);
        return PoolKey({token0: tokenA, token1: tokenB, fee: fee});
    }

    /// @notice Deterministically computes the pool address given the factory and PoolKey
    /// @param factory The Uniswap V3 factory contract address
    /// @param key The PoolKey
    /// @return pool The contract address of the V3 pool
    function computeAddress(address factory, PoolKey memory key) internal pure returns (address pool) {
        require(key.token0 < key.token1);
        pool = address(
            uint256(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        hex'ff',
                        factory,
                        keccak256(abi.encode(key.token0, key.token1, key.fee)),
                        POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH
                    )
                )
            )
        );
    }
}