// File: Context.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
contract Context {
    // Empty internal constructor, to prevent people from mistakenly deploying
    // an instance of this contract, which should be used via inheritance.
    constructor () internal {

    }
    // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks

    function _msgSender() internal view returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: ERC20.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

import "./Context.sol";
import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./SafeMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20Mintable}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for `sender`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`s tokens.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`.`amount` is then deducted
     * from the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See {_burn} and {_approve}.
     */
    function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _burn(account, amount);
        _approve(account, _msgSender(), _allowances[account][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance"));
    }
}

// File: ERC20MultiSigDeployer.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

import "./ERC20MultiSigWallet.sol";

contract ERC20MultiSigDeployer {

    //Mapping on the form user => multisigAddresses
    mapping (address => address[]) public contractsByUser;

    address[] public contracts;

    function deploy(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) public {
        ERC20MultiSigWallet multisigWallet = new ERC20MultiSigWallet(_owners, _required);
        contracts.push(address(multisigWallet));
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _owners.length; i++) {
            contractsByUser[_owners[i]].push(address(multisigWallet));
        }
    }

    function getContracts(address _user) public view returns(address[] memory) {
        return contractsByUser[_user];
    }

    function getAllContracts() public view returns(address[] memory) {
        return contracts;
    }
}

// File: ERC20MultiSigWallet.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

import "./MultiSigWallet.sol";
import "./ERC20.sol";


contract ERC20MultiSigWallet is MultiSigWallet {

    constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) public MultiSigWallet(_owners, _required) {

    }

    /// @dev Withdraws token balance from the wallet
    /// @param _token Address of ERC20 token to withdraw.
    /// @param _to Address of receiver
    /// @param _amount Amount to withdraw
    function withdraw(address _token, address _to, uint256 _amount) public onlyWallet {
        require(_token != address(0), "Token address cannot be 0");
        require(_to != address(0), "recipient address cannot be 0");
        require(_amount > 0, "amount cannot be 0");
        require(ERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this)) > 0, "Contract does not have any balance");
        require(ERC20(_token).balanceOf(address(this)) > _amount, "Contract does not have such balance");
        ERC20(_token).transfer(_to, _amount);
    }
}
// File: IERC20.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see {ERC20Detailed}.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: MultiSigWallet.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;


/// @title Multisignature wallet - Allows multiple parties to agree on transactions before execution.
/// @author Stefan George - <stefan.george@consensys.net>
contract MultiSigWallet {

    /*
     *  Events
     */
    event Confirmation(address indexed sender, uint256 indexed transactionId);
    event Revocation(address indexed sender, uint256 indexed transactionId);
    event Submission(uint256 indexed transactionId);
    event Execution(uint256 indexed transactionId);
    event ExecutionFailure(uint256 indexed transactionId);
    event Deposit(address indexed sender, uint256 value);
    event OwnerAddition(address indexed owner);
    event OwnerRemoval(address indexed owner);
    event RequirementChange(uint256 required);

    /*
     *  Constants
     */
    uint256 constant public MAX_OWNER_COUNT = 50;

    /*
     *  Storage
     */
    mapping (uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping (uint256 => mapping (address => bool)) public confirmations;
    mapping (address => bool) public isOwner;
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;

    struct Transaction {
        address destination;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 timestamp;
    }

    /*
     *  Modifiers
     */
    modifier onlyWallet() {
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "Only wallet");
        _;
    }

    modifier ownerDoesNotExist(address owner) {
        require(!isOwner[owner], "Owner exists");
        _;
    }

    modifier ownerExists(address owner) {
        require(isOwner[owner], "Owner does not exists");
        _;
    }

    modifier transactionExists(uint256 transactionId) {
        require(transactions[transactionId].destination != address(0), "Tx doesn't exist");
        _;
    }

    modifier confirmed(uint256 transactionId, address owner) {
        require(confirmations[transactionId][owner], "not confirmed");
        _;
    }

    modifier notConfirmed(uint256 transactionId, address owner) {
        require(!confirmations[transactionId][owner], "is already confirmed");
        _;
    }

    modifier notExecuted(uint256 transactionId) {
        require(!transactions[transactionId].executed, "tx already executed");
        _;
    }

    modifier notNull(address _address) {
        require(_address != address(0), "address is null");
        _;
    }

    modifier validRequirement(uint256 ownerCount, uint256 _required) {
        require(ownerCount <= MAX_OWNER_COUNT && _required <= ownerCount && _required != 0 && ownerCount != 0, "invalid requirement");
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Fallback function allows to deposit ether.
    function() external payable {
        if (msg.value > 0)
            emit Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }

    /*
     * Public functions
     */
    /// @dev Contract constructor sets initial owners and required number of confirmations.
    /// @param _owners List of initial owners.
    /// @param _required Number of required confirmations.
    constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) public validRequirement(_owners.length, _required) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _owners.length; i++) {
            require(!isOwner[_owners[i]] && _owners[i] != address(0), "is already owner");
            isOwner[_owners[i]] = true;
        }
        owners = _owners;
        required = _required;
    }

    /// @dev Allows to add a new owner. Transaction has to be sent by wallet.
    /// @param owner Address of new owner to add.
    function addOwner(address owner)  public
        onlyWallet
        ownerDoesNotExist(owner)
        notNull(owner)
        validRequirement(owners.length + 1, required)
    {
        isOwner[owner] = true;
        owners.push(owner);
        emit OwnerAddition(owner);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to remove an owner. Transaction has to be sent by wallet.
    /// @param owner Address of owner to remove.
    function removeOwner(address owner) public onlyWallet ownerExists(owner) {
        isOwner[owner] = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length - 1; i++){
            if (owners[i] == owner) {
                owners[i] = owners[owners.length - 1];
                break;
            }
        }
        owners.length -= 1;
        if (required > owners.length)
            changeRequirement(owners.length);
        emit OwnerRemoval(owner);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to replace an owner with a new owner. Transaction has to be sent by wallet.
    /// @param owner Address of owner to be replaced.
    /// @param newOwner Address of new owner.
    function replaceOwner(address owner, address newOwner) public onlyWallet ownerExists(owner) ownerDoesNotExist(newOwner) {
        for(uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == owner) {
                owners[i] = newOwner;
                break;
            }
        }
        isOwner[owner] = false;
        isOwner[newOwner] = true;
        emit OwnerRemoval(owner);
        emit OwnerAddition(newOwner);
    }

    /// @dev Allows to change the number of required confirmations. Transaction has to be sent by wallet.
    /// @param _required Number of required confirmations.
    function changeRequirement(uint256 _required) public onlyWallet validRequirement(owners.length, _required) {
        required = _required;
        emit RequirementChange(_required);
    }

    /// @dev Allows an owner to submit and confirm a transaction.
    /// @param destination Transaction target address.
    /// @param value Transaction ether value.
    /// @param data Transaction data payload.
    /// @return Returns transaction ID.
    function submitTransaction(address destination, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public returns (uint256 transactionId) {
        transactionId = addTransaction(destination, value, data);
        confirmTransaction(transactionId);
    }

    /// @dev Allows an owner to confirm a transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    function confirmTransaction(uint256 transactionId) public
        ownerExists(msg.sender)
        transactionExists(transactionId)
        notConfirmed(transactionId, msg.sender)
    {
        confirmations[transactionId][msg.sender] = true;
        emit Confirmation(msg.sender, transactionId);
        executeTransaction(transactionId);
    }

    /// @dev Allows an owner to revoke a confirmation for a transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    function revokeConfirmation(uint256 transactionId) public
        ownerExists(msg.sender)
        confirmed(transactionId, msg.sender)
        notExecuted(transactionId)
    {
        confirmations[transactionId][msg.sender] = false;
        emit Revocation(msg.sender, transactionId);
    }

    /// @dev Allows anyone to execute a confirmed transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    function executeTransaction(uint256 transactionId) public
        ownerExists(msg.sender)
        confirmed(transactionId, msg.sender)
        notExecuted(transactionId)
    {
        if (isConfirmed(transactionId)) {
            Transaction storage txn = transactions[transactionId];
            txn.executed = true;
            if (external_call(txn.destination, txn.value, txn.data.length, txn.data))
                emit Execution(transactionId);
            else {
                emit ExecutionFailure(transactionId);
                txn.executed = false;
            }
        }
    }

    // call has been separated into its own function in order to take advantage
    // of the Solidity's code generator to produce a loop that copies tx.data into memory.
    function external_call(address destination, uint256 value, uint256 dataLength, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool) {
        bool result;
        assembly {
            let x := mload(0x40)   // "Allocate" memory for output (0x40 is where "free memory" pointer is stored by convention)
            let d := add(data, 32) // First 32 bytes are the padded length of data, so exclude that
            result := call(
                sub(gas, 34710),   // 34710 is the value that solidity is currently emitting
                                   // It includes callGas (700) + callVeryLow (3, to pay for SUB) + callValueTransferGas (9000) +
                                   // callNewAccountGas (25000, in case the destination address does not exist and needs creating)
                destination,
                value,
                d,
                dataLength,        // Size of the input (in bytes) - this is what fixes the padding problem
                x,
                0                  // Output is ignored, therefore the output size is zero
            )
        }
        return result;
    }

    /// @dev Returns the confirmation status of a transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    /// @return Confirmation status.
    function isConfirmed(uint256 transactionId) public view returns (bool) {
        uint256 count = 0;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
            if (confirmations[transactionId][owners[i]])
                count += 1;
            if (count == required)
                return true;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Internal functions
     */
    /// @dev Adds a new transaction to the transaction mapping, if transaction does not exist yet.
    /// @param destination Transaction target address.
    /// @param value Transaction ether value.
    /// @param data Transaction data payload.
    /// @return Returns transaction ID.
    function addTransaction(address destination, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal
     notNull(destination) returns (uint256 transactionId) {
        transactionId = transactionCount;
        transactions[transactionId] = Transaction({
            destination: destination,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            timestamp: now
        });
        transactionCount += 1;
        emit Submission(transactionId);
    }

    /*
     * Web3 call functions
     */
    /// @dev Returns number of confirmations of a transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    /// @return Number of confirmations.
    function getConfirmationCount(uint256 transactionId) public view returns (uint256 count) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
            if (confirmations[transactionId][owners[i]])  count += 1;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns total number of transactions after filers are applied.
    /// @param pending Include pending transactions.
    /// @param executed Include executed transactions.
    /// @return Total number of transactions after filters are applied.
    function getTransactionCount(bool pending, bool executed) public view returns (uint256 count) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < transactionCount; i++) {
            if ( pending && !transactions[i].executed || executed && transactions[i].executed)
                count += 1;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns list of owners.
    /// @return List of owner addresses.
    function getOwners() public view returns (address[] memory) {
        return owners;
    }

    /// @dev Returns array with owner addresses, which confirmed transaction.
    /// @param transactionId Transaction ID.
    /// @return Returns array of owner addresses.
    function getConfirmations(uint256 transactionId) public view returns (address[] memory _confirmations) {
        address[] memory confirmationsTemp = new address[](owners.length);
        uint256 count = 0;
        uint256 i;
        for (i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
            if (confirmations[transactionId][owners[i]]) {
                confirmationsTemp[count] = owners[i];
                count += 1;
            }
        }
        _confirmations = new address[](count);
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            _confirmations[i] = confirmationsTemp[i];
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns list of transaction IDs in defined range.
    /// @param from Index start position of transaction array.
    /// @param to Index end position of transaction array.
    /// @param pending Include pending transactions.
    /// @param executed Include executed transactions.
    /// @return Returns array of transaction IDs.
    function getTransactionIds(uint256 from, uint256 to, bool pending, bool executed) public view returns (uint256[] memory _transactionIds) {
        uint256[] memory transactionIdsTemp = new uint256[](transactionCount);
        uint256 count = 0;
        uint256 i;
        for (i = 0; i < transactionCount; i++)
            if (   pending && !transactions[i].executed || executed && transactions[i].executed) {
                transactionIdsTemp[count] = i;
                count += 1;
            }
        _transactionIds = new uint256[](to - from);
        for (i = from; i < to; i++){
            _transactionIds[i - from] = transactionIdsTemp[i];
        }
    }

    function getTransaction(uint256 transactionId) public view returns (bytes memory, address, bool, uint256) {
        Transaction memory txn = transactions[transactionId];
        return (
            txn.data,
            txn.destination,
            txn.executed,
            txn.timestamp
        );
    }
}

// File: SafeMath.sol



pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * NOTE: This is a feature of the next version of OpenZeppelin Contracts.
     * @dev Get it via `npm install @openzeppelin/contracts@next`.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.

     * NOTE: This is a feature of the next version of OpenZeppelin Contracts.
     * @dev Get it via `npm install @openzeppelin/contracts@next`.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * NOTE: This is a feature of the next version of OpenZeppelin Contracts.
     * @dev Get it via `npm install @openzeppelin/contracts@next`.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}