// File: contracts/StakedDMNDERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity 0.7.5;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
  /**
   * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
   * overflow.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - Addition cannot overflow.
   */
  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a + b;
    require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

    return c;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
   * overflow (when the result is negative).
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
   */
  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
   * overflow (when the result is negative).
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
   */
  function sub(
    uint256 a,
    uint256 b,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    require(b <= a, errorMessage);
    uint256 c = a - b;

    return c;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
   * overflow.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
   */
  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
    // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
    // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
    if (a == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    uint256 c = a * b;
    require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

    return c;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
   * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
   * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
   * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The divisor cannot be zero.
   */
  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
   * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
   * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
   * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The divisor cannot be zero.
   */
  function div(
    uint256 a,
    uint256 b,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    require(b > 0, errorMessage);
    uint256 c = a / b;
    // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

    return c;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
   * Reverts when dividing by zero.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
   * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
   * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The divisor cannot be zero.
   */
  function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
   * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
   *
   * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
   * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
   * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - The divisor cannot be zero.
   */
  function mod(
    uint256 a,
    uint256 b,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    require(b != 0, errorMessage);
    return a % b;
  }

  // babylonian method (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method)
  function sqrrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256 c) {
    if (a > 3) {
      c = a;
      uint256 b = add(div(a, 2), 1);
      while (b < c) {
        c = b;
        b = div(add(div(a, b), b), 2);
      }
    } else if (a != 0) {
      c = 1;
    }
  }

  /*
   * Expects percentage to be trailed by 00,
   */
  function percentageAmount(uint256 total_, uint8 percentage_)
    internal
    pure
    returns (uint256 percentAmount_)
  {
    return div(mul(total_, percentage_), 1000);
  }

  /*
   * Expects percentage to be trailed by 00,
   */
  function substractPercentage(uint256 total_, uint8 percentageToSub_)
    internal
    pure
    returns (uint256 result_)
  {
    return sub(total_, div(mul(total_, percentageToSub_), 1000));
  }

  function percentageOfTotal(uint256 part_, uint256 total_)
    internal
    pure
    returns (uint256 percent_)
  {
    return div(mul(part_, 100), total_);
  }

  /**
   * Taken from Hypersonic https://github.com/M2629/HyperSonic/blob/main/Math.sol
   * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
   * zero.
   */
  function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    // (a + b) / 2 can overflow, so we distribute
    return (a / 2) + (b / 2) + (((a % 2) + (b % 2)) / 2);
  }

  function quadraticPricing(uint256 payment_, uint256 multiplier_)
    internal
    pure
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return sqrrt(mul(multiplier_, payment_));
  }

  function bondingCurve(uint256 supply_, uint256 multiplier_)
    internal
    pure
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return mul(multiplier_, supply_);
  }
}

library Address {
  /**
   * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
   *
   * [IMPORTANT]
   * ====
   * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
   * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
   *
   * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
   * types of addresses:
   *
   *  - an externally-owned account
   *  - a contract in construction
   *  - an address where a contract will be created
   *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
   * ====
   */
  function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
    // This method relies in extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
    // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
    // constructor execution.

    uint256 size;
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
    assembly {
      size := extcodesize(account)
    }
    return size > 0;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
   * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
   *
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
   * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
   * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
   * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
   *
   * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
   *
   * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
   * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
   * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
   */
  function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
    require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

    // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
    require(
      success,
      "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
    );
  }

  /**
   * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
   * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
   * function instead.
   *
   * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
   * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
   *
   * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
   * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `target` must be a contract.
   * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
   *
   * _Available since v3.1._
   */
  function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
    internal
    returns (bytes memory)
  {
    return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
   * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
   *
   * _Available since v3.1._
   */
  function functionCall(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
    return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
   * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
   * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
   *
   * _Available since v3.1._
   */
  function functionCallWithValue(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    uint256 value
  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
    return
      functionCallWithValue(
        target,
        data,
        value,
        "Address: low-level call with value failed"
      );
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
   * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
   *
   * _Available since v3.1._
   */
  // function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
  //     require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
  //     return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
  // }
  function functionCallWithValue(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    uint256 value,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
    require(
      address(this).balance >= value,
      "Address: insufficient balance for call"
    );
    require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

    // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
    return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
  }

  function _functionCallWithValue(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    uint256 weiValue,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) private returns (bytes memory) {
    require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

    // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: weiValue}(
      data
    );
    if (success) {
      return returndata;
    } else {
      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
      if (returndata.length > 0) {
        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
        }
      } else {
        revert(errorMessage);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
   * but performing a static call.
   *
   * _Available since v3.3._
   */
  function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data)
    internal
    view
    returns (bytes memory)
  {
    return
      functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
   * but performing a static call.
   *
   * _Available since v3.3._
   */
  function functionStaticCall(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
    require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

    // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
    return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
   * but performing a delegate call.
   *
   * _Available since v3.3._
   */
  function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data)
    internal
    returns (bytes memory)
  {
    return
      functionDelegateCall(
        target,
        data,
        "Address: low-level delegate call failed"
      );
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
   * but performing a delegate call.
   *
   * _Available since v3.3._
   */
  function functionDelegateCall(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
    require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

    // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
    return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
  }

  function _verifyCallResult(
    bool success,
    bytes memory returndata,
    string memory errorMessage
  ) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
    if (success) {
      return returndata;
    } else {
      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
      if (returndata.length > 0) {
        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
        }
      } else {
        revert(errorMessage);
      }
    }
  }

  function addressToString(address _address)
    internal
    pure
    returns (string memory)
  {
    bytes32 _bytes = bytes32(uint256(_address));
    bytes memory HEX = "0123456789abcdef";
    bytes memory _addr = new bytes(42);

    _addr[0] = "0";
    _addr[1] = "x";

    for (uint256 i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      _addr[2 + i * 2] = HEX[uint8(_bytes[i + 12] >> 4)];
      _addr[3 + i * 2] = HEX[uint8(_bytes[i + 12] & 0x0f)];
    }

    return string(_addr);
  }
}

interface IERC20 {
  /**
   * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
   */
  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
   */
  function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

  /**
   * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
   *
   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

  /**
   * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
   * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
   * zero by default.
   *
   * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
   */
  function allowance(address owner, address spender)
    external
    view
    returns (uint256);

  /**
   * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
   *
   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
   *
   * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
   * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
   * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
   * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
   * desired value afterwards:
   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event.
   */
  function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

  /**
   * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
   * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
   * allowance.
   *
   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address sender,
    address recipient,
    uint256 amount
  ) external returns (bool);

  /**
   * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
   * another (`to`).
   *
   * Note that `value` may be zero.
   */
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

  /**
   * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
   * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
   */
  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

abstract contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  // TODO comment actual hash value.
  bytes32 private constant ERC20TOKEN_ERC1820_INTERFACE_ID =
    keccak256("ERC20Token");

  // Present in ERC777
  mapping(address => uint256) internal _balances;

  // Present in ERC777
  mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) internal _allowances;

  // Present in ERC777
  uint256 internal _totalSupply;

  // Present in ERC777
  string internal _name;

  // Present in ERC777
  string internal _symbol;

  // Present in ERC777
  uint8 internal _decimals;

  /**
   * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
   * a default value of 18.
   *
   * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
   *
   * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
   * construction.
   */
  constructor(
    string memory name_,
    string memory symbol_,
    uint8 decimals_
  ) {
    _name = name_;
    _symbol = symbol_;
    _decimals = decimals_;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the name of the token.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function name() public view returns (string memory) {
    return _name;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
   * name.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function symbol() public view returns (string memory) {
    return _symbol;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
   * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
   * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
   *
   * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
   * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
   * called.
   *
   * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
   * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
   * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function decimals() public view returns (uint8) {
    return _decimals;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
    return _totalSupply;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function balanceOf(address account)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return _balances[account];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
   * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
   */
  // Overrideen in ERC777
  // Confirm that this behavior changes
  function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount)
    public
    virtual
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    _transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function allowance(address owner, address spender)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return _allowances[owner][spender];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function approve(address spender, uint256 amount)
    public
    virtual
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    _approve(msg.sender, spender, amount);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
   * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
   * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
   * `amount`.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function transferFrom(
    address sender,
    address recipient,
    uint256 amount
  ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
    _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    _approve(
      sender,
      msg.sender,
      _allowances[sender][msg.sender].sub(
        amount,
        "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"
      )
    );
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
   *
   * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
   * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
   */
  function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue)
    public
    virtual
    returns (bool)
  {
    _approve(
      msg.sender,
      spender,
      _allowances[msg.sender][spender].add(addedValue)
    );
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
   *
   * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
   * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
   * `subtractedValue`.
   */
  function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue)
    public
    virtual
    returns (bool)
  {
    _approve(
      msg.sender,
      spender,
      _allowances[msg.sender][spender].sub(
        subtractedValue,
        "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
      )
    );
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
   *
   * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
   * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
   */
  function _transfer(
    address sender,
    address recipient,
    uint256 amount
  ) internal virtual {
    require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
    require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

    _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

    _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(
      amount,
      "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance"
    );
    _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
    emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
  }

  /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
   * the total supply.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function _mint(address account_, uint256 ammount_) internal virtual {
    require(account_ != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
    _beforeTokenTransfer(address(this), account_, ammount_);
    _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(ammount_);
    _balances[account_] = _balances[account_].add(ammount_);
    emit Transfer(address(this), account_, ammount_);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
   * total supply.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
    require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

    _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

    _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(
      amount,
      "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance"
    );
    _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
    emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
   *
   * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
   * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function _approve(
    address owner,
    address spender,
    uint256 amount
  ) internal virtual {
    require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
    require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

    _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
    emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets {decimals} to a value other than the default one of 18.
   *
   * WARNING: This function should only be called from the constructor. Most
   * applications that interact with token contracts will not expect
   * {decimals} to ever change, and may work incorrectly if it does.
   */
  // Considering deprication to reduce size of bytecode as changing _decimals to internal acheived the same functionality.
  // function _setupDecimals(uint8 decimals_) internal {
  //     _decimals = decimals_;
  // }

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
   * minting and burning.
   *
   * Calling conditions:
   *
   * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
   * will be to transferred to `to`.
   * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
   * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
   * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
   *
   * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
   */
  // Present in ERC777
  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address from_,
    address to_,
    uint256 amount_
  ) internal virtual {}
}

library Counters {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  struct Counter {
    // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
    // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
    // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
    uint256 _value; // default: 0
  }

  function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
    return counter._value;
  }

  function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
    // The {SafeMath} overflow check can be skipped here, see the comment at the top
    counter._value += 1;
  }

  function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
    counter._value = counter._value.sub(1);
  }
}

interface IERC2612Permit {
  /**
   * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over `owner`'s tokens,
   * given `owner`'s signed approval.
   *
   * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
   * ordering also apply here.
   *
   * Emits an {Approval} event.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
   * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
   * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
   * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
   *
   * For more information on the signature format, see the
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
   * section].
   */
  function permit(
    address owner,
    address spender,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 deadline,
    uint8 v,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 s
  ) external;

  /**
   * @dev Returns the current ERC2612 nonce for `owner`. This value must be
   * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
   *
   * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
   * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
   */
  function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
}

abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC2612Permit {
  using Counters for Counters.Counter;

  mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _nonces;

  // keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
  bytes32 public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
    0x6e71edae12b1b97f4d1f60370fef10105fa2faae0126114a169c64845d6126c9;

  bytes32 public DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;

  constructor() {
    uint256 chainID;
    assembly {
      chainID := chainid()
    }

    DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = keccak256(
      abi.encode(
        keccak256(
          "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        ),
        keccak256(bytes(name())),
        keccak256(bytes("1")), // Version
        chainID,
        address(this)
      )
    );
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC2612Permit-permit}.
   *
   */
  function permit(
    address owner,
    address spender,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 deadline,
    uint8 v,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 s
  ) public virtual override {
    require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "Permit: expired deadline");

    bytes32 hashStruct = keccak256(
      abi.encode(
        PERMIT_TYPEHASH,
        owner,
        spender,
        amount,
        _nonces[owner].current(),
        deadline
      )
    );

    bytes32 _hash = keccak256(
      abi.encodePacked(uint16(0x1901), DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, hashStruct)
    );

    address signer = ecrecover(_hash, v, r, s);
    require(
      signer != address(0) && signer == owner,
      "ZeroSwapPermit: Invalid signature"
    );

    _nonces[owner].increment();
    _approve(owner, spender, amount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC2612Permit-nonces}.
   */
  function nonces(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
    return _nonces[owner].current();
  }
}

interface IOwnable {
  function manager() external view returns (address);

  function renounceManagement() external;

  function pushManagement(address newOwner_) external;

  function pullManagement() external;
}

contract Ownable is IOwnable {
  address internal _owner;
  address internal _newOwner;

  event OwnershipPushed(
    address indexed previousOwner,
    address indexed newOwner
  );
  event OwnershipPulled(
    address indexed previousOwner,
    address indexed newOwner
  );

  constructor() {
    _owner = msg.sender;
    emit OwnershipPushed(address(0), _owner);
  }

  function manager() public view override returns (address) {
    return _owner;
  }

  modifier onlyManager() {
    require(_owner == msg.sender, "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    _;
  }

  function renounceManagement() public virtual override onlyManager {
    emit OwnershipPushed(_owner, address(0));
    _owner = address(0);
  }

  function pushManagement(address newOwner_)
    public
    virtual
    override
    onlyManager
  {
    require(newOwner_ != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
    emit OwnershipPushed(_owner, newOwner_);
    _newOwner = newOwner_;
  }

  function pullManagement() public virtual override {
    require(msg.sender == _newOwner, "Ownable: must be new owner to pull");
    emit OwnershipPulled(_owner, _newOwner);
    _owner = _newOwner;
  }
}

contract StakedDMNDERC20 is ERC20Permit, Ownable {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  modifier onlyStakingContract() {
    require(msg.sender == stakingContract);
    _;
  }

  address public stakingContract;
  address public initializer;

  event LogSupply(
    uint256 indexed epoch,
    uint256 timestamp,
    uint256 totalSupply
  );
  event LogRebase(uint256 indexed epoch, uint256 rebase, uint256 index);
  event LogStakingContractUpdated(address stakingContract);

  struct Rebase {
    uint256 epoch;
    uint256 rebase; // 18 decimals
    uint256 totalStakedBefore;
    uint256 totalStakedAfter;
    uint256 amountRebased;
    uint256 index;
    uint256 blockNumberOccured;
  }
  Rebase[] public rebases;

  uint256 public INDEX;

  uint256 private constant MAX_UINT256 = ~uint256(0);
  uint256 private constant INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY = 5000000 * 10**9;

  // TOTAL_GONS is a multiple of INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY so that _gonsPerFragment is an integer.
  // Use the highest value that fits in a uint256 for max granularity.
  uint256 private constant TOTAL_GONS =
    MAX_UINT256 - (MAX_UINT256 % INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY);

  // MAX_SUPPLY = maximum integer < (sqrt(4*TOTAL_GONS + 1) - 1) / 2
  uint256 private constant MAX_SUPPLY = ~uint128(0); // (2^128) - 1

  uint256 private _gonsPerFragment;
  mapping(address => uint256) private _gonBalances;

  mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowedValue;

  constructor() ERC20("Red Diamonds", "rDMND", 9) ERC20Permit() {
    initializer = msg.sender;
    _totalSupply = INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY;
    _gonsPerFragment = TOTAL_GONS.div(_totalSupply);
  }

  function initialize(address stakingContract_) external returns (bool) {
    require(msg.sender == initializer);
    require(stakingContract_ != address(0));
    stakingContract = stakingContract_;
    _gonBalances[stakingContract] = TOTAL_GONS;

    emit Transfer(address(0x0), stakingContract, _totalSupply);
    emit LogStakingContractUpdated(stakingContract_);

    initializer = address(0);
    return true;
  }

  function setIndex(uint256 _INDEX) external onlyManager returns (bool) {
    require(INDEX == 0);
    INDEX = gonsForBalance(_INDEX);
    return true;
  }

  /**
        @notice increases rDMND supply to increase staking balances relative to profit_
        @param profit_ uint256
        @return uint256
     */
  function rebase(uint256 profit_, uint256 epoch_)
    public
    onlyStakingContract
    returns (uint256)
  {
    uint256 rebaseAmount;
    uint256 circulatingSupply_ = circulatingSupply();

    if (profit_ == 0) {
      emit LogSupply(epoch_, block.timestamp, _totalSupply);
      emit LogRebase(epoch_, 0, index());
      return _totalSupply;
    } else if (circulatingSupply_ > 0) {
      rebaseAmount = profit_.mul(_totalSupply).div(circulatingSupply_);
    } else {
      rebaseAmount = profit_;
    }

    _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(rebaseAmount);

    if (_totalSupply > MAX_SUPPLY) {
      _totalSupply = MAX_SUPPLY;
    }

    _gonsPerFragment = TOTAL_GONS.div(_totalSupply);

    _storeRebase(circulatingSupply_, profit_, epoch_);

    return _totalSupply;
  }

  /**
        @notice emits event with data about rebase
        @param previousCirculating_ uint
        @param profit_ uint
        @param epoch_ uint
        @return bool
     */
  function _storeRebase(
    uint256 previousCirculating_,
    uint256 profit_,
    uint256 epoch_
  ) internal returns (bool) {
    uint256 rebasePercent = profit_.mul(1e18).div(previousCirculating_);

    rebases.push(
      Rebase({
        epoch: epoch_,
        rebase: rebasePercent, // 18 decimals
        totalStakedBefore: previousCirculating_,
        totalStakedAfter: circulatingSupply(),
        amountRebased: profit_,
        index: index(),
        blockNumberOccured: block.number
      })
    );

    emit LogSupply(epoch_, block.timestamp, _totalSupply);
    emit LogRebase(epoch_, rebasePercent, index());

    return true;
  }

  function balanceOf(address who) public view override returns (uint256) {
    return _gonBalances[who].div(_gonsPerFragment);
  }

  function gonsForBalance(uint256 amount) public view returns (uint256) {
    return amount.mul(_gonsPerFragment);
  }

  function balanceForGons(uint256 gons) public view returns (uint256) {
    return gons.div(_gonsPerFragment);
  }

  // Staking contract holds excess rDMND
  function circulatingSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
    return _totalSupply.sub(balanceOf(stakingContract));
  }

  function index() public view returns (uint256) {
    return balanceForGons(INDEX);
  }

  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public override returns (bool) {
    uint256 gonValue = value.mul(_gonsPerFragment);
    _gonBalances[msg.sender] = _gonBalances[msg.sender].sub(gonValue);
    _gonBalances[to] = _gonBalances[to].add(gonValue);
    emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
    return true;
  }

  function allowance(address owner_, address spender)
    public
    view
    override
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return _allowedValue[owner_][spender];
  }

  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 value
  ) public override returns (bool) {
    _allowedValue[from][msg.sender] = _allowedValue[from][msg.sender].sub(
      value
    );
    emit Approval(from, msg.sender, _allowedValue[from][msg.sender]);

    uint256 gonValue = gonsForBalance(value);
    _gonBalances[from] = _gonBalances[from].sub(gonValue);
    _gonBalances[to] = _gonBalances[to].add(gonValue);
    emit Transfer(from, to, value);

    return true;
  }

  function approve(address spender, uint256 value)
    public
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender] = value;
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, value);
    return true;
  }

  // What gets called in a permit
  function _approve(
    address owner,
    address spender,
    uint256 value
  ) internal virtual override {
    _allowedValue[owner][spender] = value;
    emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
  }

  function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue)
    public
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender] = _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender].add(
      addedValue
    );
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender]);
    return true;
  }

  function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue)
    public
    override
    returns (bool)
  {
    uint256 oldValue = _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender];
    if (subtractedValue >= oldValue) {
      _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender] = 0;
    } else {
      _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender] = oldValue.sub(subtractedValue);
    }
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, _allowedValue[msg.sender][spender]);
    return true;
  }
}