pragma solidity ^0.4.16;

library SafeMath {

  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a * b;
    assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a / b;
    return c;
  }

  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a + b;
    assert(c >= a);
    return c;
  }
}

contract ERC20Basic {

  uint256 public totalSupply;
  function balanceOf(address who) public constant returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
}

contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) balances;

  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));

    balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  function balanceOf(address _owner) public constant returns (uint256 balance) {
    return balances[_owner];
  }
}

contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {

  function allowance(address owner, address spender) public constant returns (uint256);
  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {

  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) allowed;

  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));

    uint256 _allowance = allowed[_from][msg.sender];

    balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    allowed[_from][msg.sender] = _allowance.sub(_value);
    Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
    return true;
  }

  function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public constant returns (uint256 remaining) {
    return allowed[_owner][_spender];
  }

  function increaseApproval (address _spender, uint _addedValue)
    returns (bool success) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue);
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

  function decreaseApproval (address _spender, uint _subtractedValue)
    returns (bool success) {
    uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
    if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
    } else {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
    }
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }
}

contract Ownable {

  address public owner;

  event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

  function Ownable() {
    owner = msg.sender;
  }

  modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    _;
  }

  function transferOwnership(address newOwner) onlyOwner public {
    require(newOwner != address(0));
    OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner);
    owner = newOwner;
  }
}

contract MintableToken is StandardToken, Ownable {

  event Mint(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
  event MintFinished();

  bool public mintingFinished = false;

  modifier canMint() {
    require(!mintingFinished);
    _;
  }

  function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) onlyOwner canMint public returns (bool) {
    totalSupply = totalSupply.add(_amount);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_amount);
    Mint(_to, _amount);
    Transfer(0x0, _to, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  function finishMinting() onlyOwner public returns (bool) {
    mintingFinished = true;
    MintFinished();
    return true;
  }
}

contract Crowdsale {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  MintableToken public token;

  uint256 public startTime;
  uint256 public endTime;

  address public wallet;

  uint256 public rate;

  uint256 public weiRaised;

  event TokenPurchase(address indexed purchaser, address indexed beneficiary, uint256 value, uint256 amount);

  function Crowdsale(uint256 _startTime, uint256 _endTime, uint256 _rate, address _wallet) {
    require(_startTime >= now);
    require(_endTime >= _startTime);
    require(_rate > 0);
    require(_wallet != 0x0);

    token = createTokenContract();
    startTime = _startTime;
    endTime = _endTime;
    rate = _rate;
    wallet = _wallet;
  }

  function createTokenContract() internal returns (MintableToken) {
    return new MintableToken();
  }

  function () payable {
    buyTokens(msg.sender);
  }

  function buyTokens(address beneficiary) public payable {
    require(beneficiary != 0x0);
    require(validPurchase());

    uint256 weiAmount = msg.value;

    uint256 tokens = weiAmount.mul(rate);

    weiRaised = weiRaised.add(weiAmount);

    token.mint(beneficiary, tokens);
    TokenPurchase(msg.sender, beneficiary, weiAmount, tokens);

    forwardFunds();
  }

  function forwardFunds() internal {
    wallet.transfer(msg.value);
  }

  function validPurchase() internal constant returns (bool) {
    bool withinPeriod = now >= startTime && now <= endTime;
    bool nonZeroPurchase = msg.value != 0;
    return withinPeriod && nonZeroPurchase;
  }

  function hasEnded() public constant returns (bool) {
    return now > endTime;
  }
}

contract CappedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  uint256 public cap;

  function CappedCrowdsale(uint256 _cap) {
    require(_cap > 0);
    cap = _cap;
  }

  function validPurchase() internal constant returns (bool) {
    bool withinCap = weiRaised.add(msg.value) <= cap;
    return super.validPurchase() && withinCap;
  }

  function hasEnded() public constant returns (bool) {
    bool capReached = weiRaised >= cap;
    return super.hasEnded() || capReached;
  }
}

contract FinalizableCrowdsale is Crowdsale, Ownable {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  bool public isFinalized = false;

  event Finalized();

  function finalize() onlyOwner public {
    require(!isFinalized);
    require(hasEnded());

    finalization();
    Finalized();

    isFinalized = true;
  }

  function finalization() internal {
  }
}

contract RefundVault is Ownable {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  enum State { Active, Refunding, Closed }

  mapping (address => uint256) public deposited;
  address public wallet;
  State public state;

  event Closed();
  event RefundsEnabled();
  event Refunded(address indexed beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount);

  function RefundVault(address _wallet) {
    require(_wallet != 0x0);
    wallet = _wallet;
    state = State.Active;
  }

  function deposit(address investor) onlyOwner public payable {
    require(state == State.Active);
    deposited[investor] = deposited[investor].add(msg.value);
  }

  function close() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Closed;
    Closed();
    wallet.transfer(this.balance);
  }

  function enableRefunds() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Refunding;
    RefundsEnabled();
  }

  function refund(address investor) public {
    require(state == State.Refunding);
    uint256 depositedValue = deposited[investor];
    deposited[investor] = 0;
    investor.transfer(depositedValue);
    Refunded(investor, depositedValue);
  }
}

contract RefundableCrowdsale is FinalizableCrowdsale {

  using SafeMath for uint256;

  uint256 public goal;

  RefundVault public vault;

  function RefundableCrowdsale(uint256 _goal) {
    require(_goal > 0);
    vault = new RefundVault(wallet);
    goal = _goal;
  }

  function forwardFunds() internal {
    vault.deposit.value(msg.value)(msg.sender);
  }

  function claimRefund() public {
    require(isFinalized);
    require(!goalReached());

    vault.refund(msg.sender);
  }

  function finalization() internal {
    if (goalReached()) {
      vault.close();
    } else {
      vault.enableRefunds();
    }

    super.finalization();
  }

  function goalReached() public constant returns (bool) {
    return weiRaised >= goal;
  }
}

contract Oryza is MintableToken {

  string public constant name = "Oryza";
  string public constant symbol = "米";
  uint256 public constant decimals = 0;
}