// File: /Users/jasper/Documents/GitHub/DEX/contracts/DeFiPlaza.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.6;

import "../interfaces/IDeFiPlaza.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title DeFi Plaza exchange controct, multi token DEX.
 * @author Jazzer 9F
 * @notice Trades between two tokens follow the local bonding curve x*y=k
 * The number of tokens used is hard coded to 16 for efficiency reasons.
 */
contract DeFiPlaza is IDeFiPlaza, Ownable, ERC20 {
  using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

  // States that each token can be in
  enum State {Unlisted, PreListing, Delisting, Listed}

  // Configuration per token. Still some bits available if needed
  struct TokenSettings {
    State state;                      // What state the token is currently in
    uint112 listingTarget;            // Amount of tokens needed to activate listing
  }

  // Exchange configuration
  struct Config {
    bool unlocked;                    // Locked for trading to prevent re-entrancy misery
    uint64 oneMinusTradingFee;        // One minus the swap fee (0.64 fixed point integer)
    uint64 delistingBonus;            // Amount of additional tokens to encourage immediate delisting (0.64 fixed point)
  }

  // Keeps track of whether there is a listing change underway and if so between which tokens
  struct ListingUpdate {
    address tokenToDelist;            // Token to be removed
    address tokenToList;              // Token to be listed
  }

  // Mapping to keep track of the listed tokens
  mapping(address => TokenSettings) public listedTokens;
  Config public DFPconfig;
  ListingUpdate public listingUpdate;
  address public admin;

  /**
  * Sets up default configuration
  * Initialize with ordered list of 15 token addresses (ETH is always listed)
  * Doesn't do any checks. Make sure you ONLY add well behaved ERC20s!!
  */
  constructor(address[] memory tokensToList, uint256 mintAmount, string memory name_, string memory symbol_) ERC20(name_, symbol_) {
    // Basic exchange configuration
    Config memory config;
    config.unlocked = false;
    config.oneMinusTradingFee = 0xffbe76c8b4395800;   // approximately 0.999
    config.delistingBonus = 0;
    DFPconfig = config;

    // Configure the listed tokens as such
    TokenSettings memory listed;
    listed.state = State.Listed;
    require(tokensToList.length == 15, "Incorrect number of tokens");
    address previous = address(0);
    address current = address(0);
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
      current = tokensToList[i];
      require(current > previous, "Require ordered list");
      listedTokens[current] = listed;
      previous = current;
    }

    // Generate the LP tokens reflecting the initial liquidity (to be loaded externally)
    _mint(msg.sender, mintAmount);
  }

  // For bootstrapping ETH liquidity
  receive() external payable {}

  // To safeguard some functionality is only applied to listed tokens
  modifier onlyListedToken(address token) {
    require(
      token == address(0) || listedTokens[token].state > State.Delisting,
      "DFP: Token not listed"
    );
    _;
  }

  modifier onlyAdmin() {
    require(
      msg.sender == admin || msg.sender == owner(),
      "DFP: admin rights required"
    );
    _;
  }

  /**
  * Allows users to swap between any two tokens listed on the DEX.
  * Follows the x*y=k swap invariant hyperbole
  * For ETH trades, send the ETH with the transaction and use the NULL address as inputToken.
  */
  function swap(
    address inputToken,
    address outputToken,
    uint256 inputAmount,
    uint256 minOutputAmount
  )
    external
    payable
    onlyListedToken(inputToken)
    onlyListedToken(outputToken)
    override
    returns (uint256 outputAmount)
  {
    // Check that the exchange is unlocked and thus open for business
    Config memory _config = DFPconfig;
    require(_config.unlocked, "DFP: Locked");

    // Pull in input token and check the exchange balance for that token
    uint256 initialInputBalance;
    if (inputToken == address(0)) {
      require(msg.value == inputAmount, "DFP: bad ETH amount");
      initialInputBalance = address(this).balance - inputAmount;
    } else {
      initialInputBalance = IERC20(inputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
      IERC20(inputToken).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), inputAmount);
    }

    // Check dex balance of the output token
    uint256 initialOutputBalance;
    if (outputToken == address(0)) {
      initialOutputBalance = address(this).balance;
    } else {
      initialOutputBalance = IERC20(outputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    // Calculate the output amount through the x*y=k invariant
    // Can skip overflow/underflow checks on this calculation as they will always work against an attacker anyway.
    uint256 netInputAmount = inputAmount * _config.oneMinusTradingFee;
    outputAmount = netInputAmount * initialOutputBalance / ((initialInputBalance << 64) + netInputAmount);
    require(outputAmount > minOutputAmount, "DFP: No deal");

    // Send output tokens to whoever invoked the swap function
    if (outputToken == address(0)) {
      address payable sender = payable(msg.sender);
      sender.transfer(outputAmount);
    } else {
      IERC20(outputToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, outputAmount);
    }

    // Emit swap event to enable better governance decision making
    emit Swapped(msg.sender, inputToken, outputToken, inputAmount, outputAmount);
  }

  /**
  * Single sided liquidity add. More economic at low/moderate liquidity amounts.
  * Mathematically works as adding all tokens and swapping back to 1 token at no fee.
  *
  *         R = (1 + X_supplied/X_initial)^(1/N) - 1
  *         LP_minted = R * LP_total
  *
  * When adding ETH, the inputToken address to be used is the NULL address.
  * A fee is applied to prevent zero fee swapping through liquidity add/remove.
  *
  * Note that this method suffers from two forms of slippage.
  *   1. Slippage from single sided add which is modeled with 15 internal swaps
  *   2. Slippage from the numerical approximation required for calculation.
  *
  * When adding a large amount of liquidity when compared with the existing
  * liquidity for the selected token, the slippage can become quite significant.
  * The smart contract limits the maximum input amount at 100% of the existing
  * liquidity, at which point the slippage is 29.2% (due to 1) + 9.3% (due to 2)
  */
  function addLiquidity(address inputToken, uint256 inputAmount, uint256 minLP)
    external
    payable
    onlyListedToken(inputToken)
    override
    returns (uint256 actualLP)
  {
    // Check that the exchange is unlocked and thus open for business
    Config memory _config = DFPconfig;
    require(_config.unlocked, "DFP: Locked");

    // Pull in input token and check the exchange balance for that token
    uint256 initialBalance;
    if (inputToken == address(0)) {
      require(msg.value == inputAmount, "DFP: Incorrect amount of ETH");
      initialBalance = address(this).balance - inputAmount;
    } else {
      initialBalance = IERC20(inputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
      IERC20(inputToken).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), inputAmount);
    }

    // Prevent excessive liquidity add which runs of the approximation curve
    require(inputAmount < initialBalance, "DFP: Too much at once");

    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_approximation for the below
    // Compute the 6th power binomial series approximation of R.
    //
    //                   X   15 X^2   155 X^3   7285 X^4   91791 X^5   2417163 X^6
    // (1+X)^1/16 - 1 ≈ -- - ------ + ------- - -------- + --------- - -----------
    //                  16    512      8192      524288     8388608     268435456
    //
    // Note that we need to terminate at an even order to guarantee an underestimate
    // for safety. The underestimation leads to slippage for higher amounts, but
    // protects funds of those that are already invested.
    uint256 X = (inputAmount * _config.oneMinusTradingFee) / initialBalance;  // 0.64 bits
    uint256 X_ = X * X;                                // X^2   0.128 bits
    uint256 R_ = (X >> 4) - (X_ * 15 >> 73);           // R2    0.64 bits
    X_ = X_ * X;                                       // X^3   0.192 bits
    R_ = R_ + (X_ * 155 >> 141);                       // R3    0.64 bits
    X_ = X_ * X >> 192;                                // X^4   0.64 bits
    R_ = R_ - (X_ * 7285 >> 19);                       // R4    0.64 bits
    X_ = X_ * X;                                       // X^5   0.128 bits
    R_ = R_ + (X_ * 91791 >> 87);                      // R5    0.64 bits
    X_ = X_ * X;                                       // X^6   0.192 bits
    R_ = R_ - (X_ * 2417163 >> 156);                   // R6    0.64 bits

    // Calculate and mint LPs to be awarded
    actualLP = R_ * totalSupply() >> 64;
    require(actualLP > minLP, "DFP: No deal");
    _mint(msg.sender, actualLP);

    // Emitting liquidity add event to enable better governance decisions
    emit LiquidityAdded(msg.sender, inputToken, inputAmount, actualLP);
  }

  /**
  * Multi-token liquidity add. More economic for large amounts of liquidity.
  * Simply takes in all 16 listed tokens in ratio and mints the LPs accordingly.
  * For ETH, the inputToken address to be used is the NULL address.
  * A fee is applied to prevent zero fee swapping through liquidity add/remove.
  */
  function addMultiple(address[] calldata tokens, uint256[] calldata maxAmounts)
    external
    payable
    override
    returns (uint256 actualLP)
  {
    // Perform basic checks
    Config memory _config = DFPconfig;
    require(_config.unlocked, "DFP: Locked");
    require(tokens.length == 16, "DFP: Bad tokens array length");
    require(maxAmounts.length == 16, "DFP: Bad maxAmount array length");

    // Check ETH amount/ratio first
    require(tokens[0] == address(0), "DFP: No ETH found");
    require(maxAmounts[0] == msg.value, "DFP: Incorrect ETH amount");
    uint256 dexBalance = address(this).balance - msg.value;
    uint256 actualRatio = msg.value * (1<<128) / dexBalance;

    // Check ERC20 amounts/ratios
    uint256 currentRatio;
    address previous;
    address token;
    for (uint256 i = 1; i < 16; i++) {
      token = tokens[i];
      require(token > previous, "DFP: Require ordered list");
      require(
        listedTokens[token].state > State.Delisting,
        "DFP: Token not listed"
      );
      dexBalance = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
      currentRatio = maxAmounts[i] * (1 << 128) / dexBalance;
      if (currentRatio < actualRatio) {
        actualRatio = currentRatio;
      }
      previous = token;
    }

    // Calculate how many LP will be generated
    actualLP = (actualRatio * totalSupply() >> 64) * DFPconfig.oneMinusTradingFee >> 128;

    // Collect ERC20 tokens
    for (uint256 i = 1; i < 16; i++) {
      token = tokens[i];
      dexBalance = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
      IERC20(token).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), dexBalance * actualRatio >> 128);
    }

    // Mint the LP tokens
    _mint(msg.sender, actualLP);
    emit MultiLiquidityAdded(msg.sender, actualLP, totalSupply());

    // Refund ETH change
    dexBalance = address(this).balance - msg.value;
    address payable sender = payable(msg.sender);
    sender.transfer(msg.value - (dexBalance * actualRatio >> 128));
  }

  /**
  * Single sided liquidity withdrawal. More efficient at lower liquidity amounts.
  * Mathematically withdraws 16 tokens in ratio and then swaps 15 back in at no fees.
  * Calculates the following:
  *
  *        R = LP_burnt / LP_initial
  *        X_out = X_initial * (1 - (1 - R)^N)
  *
  * No fee is applied for withdrawals. For ETH output, use the NULL address as outputToken.
  */
  function removeLiquidity(uint256 LPamount, address outputToken, uint256 minOutputAmount)
    external
    onlyListedToken(outputToken)
    override
    returns (uint256 actualOutput)
  {
    // Checks the initial balance of the token desired as output token
    uint256 initialBalance;
    if (outputToken == address(0)) {
      initialBalance = address(this).balance;
    } else {
      initialBalance = IERC20(outputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    // Calculates intermediate variable F = (1-R)^16 and then the resulting output amount.
    uint256 F_;
    F_ = (1 << 64) - (LPamount << 64) / totalSupply();   // (1-R)      (0.64 bits)
    F_ = F_ * F_;                                       // (1-R)^2    (0.128 bits)
    F_ = F_ * F_ >> 192;                                // (1-R)^4    (0.64 bits)
    F_ = F_ * F_;                                       // (1-R)^8    (0.128 bits)
    F_ = F_ * F_ >> 192;                                // (1-R)^16   (0.64 bits)
    actualOutput = initialBalance * ((1 << 64) - F_) >> 64;
    require(actualOutput > minOutputAmount, "DFP: No deal");

    // Burns the LP tokens and sends the output tokens
    _burn(msg.sender, LPamount);
    if (outputToken == address(0)) {
      address payable sender = payable(msg.sender);
      sender.transfer(actualOutput);
    } else {
      IERC20(outputToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, actualOutput);
    }

    // Emitting liquidity removal event to enable better governance decisions
    emit LiquidityRemoved(msg.sender, outputToken, actualOutput, LPamount);
  }

  /**
  * Multi-token liquidity removal. More economic for large amounts of liquidity.
  * Returns all 16 listed tokens in ratio and burns the LPs accordingly.
  */
  function removeMultiple(uint256 LPamount, address[] calldata tokens)
    external
    override
    returns (bool success)
  {
    // Perform basic validation (no lock check here on purpose)
    require(tokens.length == 16, "DFP: Bad tokens array length");

    // Calculate fraction of total liquidity to be returned
    uint256 fraction = (LPamount << 128) / totalSupply();

    // Send the ETH first (use transfer to prevent reentrancy)
    uint256 dexBalance = address(this).balance;
    address payable sender = payable(msg.sender);
    sender.transfer(fraction * dexBalance >> 128);

    // Send the ERC20 tokens
    address previous;
    for (uint256 i = 1; i < 16; i++) {
      address token = tokens[i];
      require(token > previous, "DFP: Require ordered list");
      require(
        listedTokens[token].state > State.Delisting,
        "DFP: Token not listed"
      );
      dexBalance = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
      IERC20(token).safeTransfer(msg.sender, fraction * dexBalance >> 128);
      previous = token;
    }

    // Burn the LPs
    _burn(msg.sender, LPamount);
    emit MultiLiquidityRemoved(msg.sender, LPamount, totalSupply());

    // That's all folks
    return true;
  }


  /**
  * When a token is delisted and another one gets listed in its place, the users can
  * call this function to provide liquidity for the new token in exchange for the old
  * token. The ratio should be set such that the users have a financial incentive to
  * perform this transaction.
  */
  function bootstrapNewToken(
    address inputToken,
    uint256 maxInputAmount,
    address outputToken
  ) public override returns (uint64 fractionBootstrapped) {
    // Check whether the valid token is being bootstrapped
    TokenSettings memory tokenToList = listedTokens[inputToken];
    require(
      tokenToList.state == State.PreListing,
      "DFP: Wrong token"
    );

    // Calculate how many tokens to actually take in (clamp at max available)
    uint256 initialInputBalance = IERC20(inputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
    uint256 availableAmount;

    // Intentionally underflow (zero clamping) is the cheapest way to gracefully prevent failing when target is already met
    unchecked { availableAmount = tokenToList.listingTarget - initialInputBalance; }
    if (initialInputBalance >= tokenToList.listingTarget) { availableAmount = 1; }
    uint256 actualInputAmount = maxInputAmount > availableAmount ? availableAmount : maxInputAmount;

    // Actually pull the tokens in
    IERC20(inputToken).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), actualInputAmount);

    // Check whether the output token requested is indeed being delisted
    TokenSettings memory tokenToDelist = listedTokens[outputToken];
    require(
      tokenToDelist.state == State.Delisting,
      "DFP: Wrong token"
    );

    // Check how many of the output tokens should be given out and transfer those
    uint256 initialOutputBalance = IERC20(outputToken).balanceOf(address(this));
    uint256 outputAmount = actualInputAmount * initialOutputBalance / availableAmount;
    IERC20(outputToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, outputAmount);
    fractionBootstrapped = uint64((actualInputAmount << 64) / tokenToList.listingTarget);

    // Emit event for better governance decisions
    emit Bootstrapped(
      msg.sender,
      inputToken,
      actualInputAmount,
      outputToken,
      outputAmount
    );

    // If the input token liquidity is now at the target we complete the (de)listing
    if (actualInputAmount == availableAmount) {
      tokenToList.state = State.Listed;
      listedTokens[inputToken] = tokenToList;
      delete listedTokens[outputToken];
      delete listingUpdate;
      DFPconfig.delistingBonus = 0;
      emit BootstrapCompleted(outputToken, inputToken);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Emergency bonus withdrawal when bootstrapping is expected to remain incomplete
   * A fraction is specified (for example 5%) that is then rewarded in bonus tokens
   * on top of the regular bootstrapping output tokens.
   */
  function bootstrapNewTokenWithBonus(
    address inputToken,
    uint256 maxInputAmount,
    address outputToken,
    address bonusToken
  ) external onlyListedToken(bonusToken) override returns (uint256 bonusAmount) {
    // Check whether the output token requested is indeed being delisted
    TokenSettings memory tokenToDelist = listedTokens[outputToken];
    require(
      tokenToDelist.state == State.Delisting,
      "DFP: Wrong token"
    );

    // Collect parameters required to calculate bonus
    uint256 bonusFactor = uint256(DFPconfig.delistingBonus);
    uint64 fractionBootstrapped = bootstrapNewToken(inputToken, maxInputAmount, outputToken);

    // Balance of selected bonus token
    uint256 bonusBalance;
    if (bonusToken == address(0)) {
      bonusBalance = address(this).balance;
    } else {
      bonusBalance = IERC20(bonusToken).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    // Calculate bonus amount
    bonusAmount = uint256(fractionBootstrapped) * bonusFactor * bonusBalance >> 128;

    // Payout bonus tokens
    if (bonusToken == address(0)) {
      address payable sender = payable(msg.sender);
      sender.transfer(bonusAmount);
    } else {
      IERC20(bonusToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, bonusAmount);
    }

    // Emit event to enable data driven governance
    emit BootstrapBonus(
      msg.sender,
      bonusToken,
      bonusAmount
    );
  }

  /**
   * Initiates process to delist one token and list another.
   */
  function changeListing(
    address tokenToDelist,              // Address of token to be delisted
    address tokenToList,                // Address of token to be listed
    uint112 listingTarget               // Amount of tokens needed to activate listing
  ) external onlyListedToken(tokenToDelist) onlyOwner() {
    // Basic validity checks. ETH cannot be delisted, only one delisting at a time.
    require(tokenToDelist != address(0), "DFP: Cannot delist ETH");
    ListingUpdate memory update = listingUpdate;
    require(update.tokenToDelist == address(0), "DFP: Previous update incomplete");

    // Can't list an already listed token
    TokenSettings memory _token = listedTokens[tokenToList];
    require(_token.state == State.Unlisted, "DFP: Token already listed");

    // Set the delisting/listing struct.
    update.tokenToDelist = tokenToDelist;
    update.tokenToList = tokenToList;
    listingUpdate = update;

    // Configure the token states for incoming/outgoing tokens
    _token.state = State.PreListing;
    _token.listingTarget = listingTarget;
    listedTokens[tokenToList] = _token;
    listedTokens[tokenToDelist].state = State.Delisting;
  }

  /**
  * Sets trading fee (actually calculates using 1-fee) as a 0.64 fixed point number.
  */
  function setTradingFee(uint64 oneMinusFee) external onlyOwner() {
    DFPconfig.oneMinusTradingFee = oneMinusFee;
  }

  /**
  * Sets delisting bonus as emergency measure to complete a (de)listing when it gets stuck.
  */
  function setDeListingBonus(uint64 delistingBonus) external onlyOwner() {
    ListingUpdate memory update = listingUpdate;
    require(update.tokenToDelist != address(0), "DFP: No active delisting");

    DFPconfig.delistingBonus = delistingBonus;
  }

  /**
  * Sets admin address for emergency exchange locking
  */
  function setAdmin(address adminAddress) external onlyOwner() {
    admin = adminAddress;
  }

  /**
  * Sets exchange lock, under which swap and liquidity add (but not remove) are disabled
  */
  function lockExchange() external onlyAdmin() {
    DFPconfig.unlocked = false;
  }

  /**
  * Resets exchange lock.
  */
  function unlockExchange() external onlyAdmin() {
    DFPconfig.unlocked = true;
  }
}

// File: /Users/jasper/Documents/GitHub/DEX/interfaces/IDeFiPlaza.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
pragma solidity ^0.8.6;

interface IDeFiPlaza {
  function swap(
    address inputToken,
    address outputToken,
    uint256 inputAmount,
    uint256 minOutputAmount
  ) external payable returns (uint256 outputAmount);

  function addLiquidity(
    address inputToken,
    uint256 inputAmount,
    uint256 minLP
  ) external payable returns (uint256 deltaLP);

  function addMultiple(
    address[] calldata tokens,
    uint256[] calldata maxAmounts
  ) external payable returns (uint256 actualLP);

  function removeLiquidity(
    uint256 LPamount,
    address outputToken,
    uint256 minOutputAmount
  ) external returns (uint256 actualOutput);

  function removeMultiple(
    uint256 LPamount,
    address[] calldata tokens
  ) external returns (bool success);

  function bootstrapNewToken(
    address inputToken,
    uint256 maxInputAmount,
    address outputToken
  ) external returns (uint64 fractionBootstrapped);

  function bootstrapNewTokenWithBonus(
    address inputToken,
    uint256 maxInputAmount,
    address outputToken,
    address bonusToken
  ) external returns (uint256 bonusAmount);

  event Swapped(
    address sender,
    address inputToken,
    address outputToken,
    uint256 inputAmount,
    uint256 outputAmount
  );

  event LiquidityAdded(
    address sender,
    address token,
    uint256 tokenAmount,
    uint256 LPs
  );

  event MultiLiquidityAdded(
    address sender,
    uint256 LPs,
    uint256 totalLPafter
  );

  event LiquidityRemoved(
    address recipient,
    address token,
    uint256 tokenAmount,
    uint256 LPs
  );

  event MultiLiquidityRemoved(
    address sender,
    uint256 LPs,
    uint256 totalLPafter
  );

  event Bootstrapped(
    address sender,
    address inputToken,
    uint256 inputAmount,
    address outputToken,
    uint256 outputAmount
  );

  event BootstrapBonus(
    address sender,
    address bonusToken,
    uint256 bonusAmount
  );

  event BootstrapCompleted(
    address delistedToken,
    address listedToken
  );
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _setOwner(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _setOwner(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _setOwner(newOwner);
    }

    function _setOwner(address newOwner) private {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
        require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
        unchecked {
            _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
        require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[recipient] += amount;

        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    function _verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}