// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface IERC20 {
    event Approval(
        address indexed owner,
        address indexed spender,
        uint256 value
    );
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    function allowance(address owner, address spender)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);

    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/libraries/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.6.12;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies in extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= amount,
            "Address: insufficient balance"
        );

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(
            success,
            "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            functionCallWithValue(
                target,
                data,
                value,
                "Address: low-level call with value failed"
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= value,
            "Address: insufficient balance for call"
        );
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
    }

    function _functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 weiValue,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) private returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: weiValue}(
            data
        );
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/libraries/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.6.12;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/libraries/ERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.6.12;

import "./Address.sol";
import "./Context.sol";
import "./SafeMath.sol";
import "../interfaces/IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using Address for address;

    mapping(address => uint256) _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) _allowances;

    uint256 _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;
    uint8 private _decimals;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
     * a default value of 18.
     *
     * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
     *
     * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol) public {
        _name = name;
        _symbol = symbol;
        _decimals = 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
     * called.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount)
        public
        virtual
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount)
        public
        virtual
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(
            sender,
            _msgSender(),
            _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(
                amount,
                "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"
            )
        );
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue)
        public
        virtual
        returns (bool)
    {
        _approve(
            _msgSender(),
            spender,
            _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue)
        );
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue)
        public
        virtual
        returns (bool)
    {
        _approve(
            _msgSender(),
            spender,
            _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(
                subtractedValue,
                "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
            )
        );
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(
            amount,
            "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance"
        );
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(
            amount,
            "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance"
        );
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets {decimals} to a value other than the default one of 18.
     *
     * WARNING: This function should only be called from the constructor. Most
     * applications that interact with token contracts will not expect
     * {decimals} to ever change, and may work incorrectly if it does.
     */
    function _setupDecimals(uint8 decimals_) internal {
        _decimals = decimals_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be to transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/libraries/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.6.12;

/**
 * @title Owned
 * @dev Basic contract for authorization control.
 * @author dicether
 */
contract Ownable {
    address public owner;
    address public pendingOwner;

    event LogOwnerShipTransferred(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed newOwner
    );
    event LogOwnerShipTransferInitiated(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed newOwner
    );

    /**
     * @dev Modifier, which throws if called by other account than owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier throws if called by any account other than the pendingOwner.
     */
    modifier onlyPendingOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == pendingOwner);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set contract creator as initial owner
     */
    constructor() public {
        owner = msg.sender;
        pendingOwner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows the current owner to set the pendingOwner address.
     * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        pendingOwner = _newOwner;
        emit LogOwnerShipTransferInitiated(owner, _newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev PendingOwner can accept ownership.
     */
    function claimOwnership() public onlyPendingOwner {
        owner = pendingOwner;
        pendingOwner = address(0);
        emit LogOwnerShipTransferred(owner, pendingOwner);
    }
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/libraries/SafeMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.6.12;

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: /Volumes/Data/Projects/Less/lessswap-contracts/contracts/xLessToken.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.6.12;

import "./libraries/ERC20.sol";
import "./libraries/Ownable.sol";

// xLessToken with Governance.
contract xLessToken is ERC20("xLessToken", "xLESS"), Ownable {
    function changeOwnership(address _newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        owner = _newOwner;
    }

    /// @dev notice Creates `_amount` token to `_to`. Must only be called by the owner (MasterChef).
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner {
        _mint(_to, _amount);
        _moveDelegates(address(0), _delegates[_to], _amount);
    }

    /// @dev notice A record of each accounts delegate
    mapping(address => address) internal _delegates;

    /// @dev notice A checkpoint for marking number of votes from a given block
    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 fromBlock;
        uint256 votes;
    }

    /// @dev notice A record of votes checkpoints for each account, by index
    mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => Checkpoint)) public checkpoints;

    /// @dev notice The number of checkpoints for each account
    mapping(address => uint32) public numCheckpoints;

    /// @dev notice The EIP-712 typehash for the contract's domain
    bytes32 public constant DOMAIN_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );

    /// @dev notice The EIP-712 typehash for the delegation struct used by the contract
    bytes32 public constant DELEGATION_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Delegation(address delegatee,uint256 nonce,uint256 expiry)");

    /// @dev notice A record of states for signing / validating signatures
    mapping(address => uint256) public nonces;

    /// @dev notice An event thats emitted when an account changes its delegate
    event DelegateChanged(
        address indexed delegator,
        address indexed fromDelegate,
        address indexed toDelegate
    );

    /// @dev notice An event thats emitted when a delegate account's vote balance changes
    event DelegateVotesChanged(
        address indexed delegate,
        uint256 previousBalance,
        uint256 newBalance
    );

    /**
     * @dev notice Delegate votes from `msg.sender` to `delegatee`
     * @param delegator The address to get delegatee for
     */
    function delegates(address delegator) external view returns (address) {
        return _delegates[delegator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev notice Delegate votes from `msg.sender` to `delegatee`
     * @param delegatee The address to delegate votes to
     */
    function delegate(address delegatee) external {
        return _delegate(msg.sender, delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev notice Delegates votes from signatory to `delegatee`
     * @param delegatee The address to delegate votes to
     * @param nonce The contract state required to match the signature
     * @param expiry The time at which to expire the signature
     * @param v The recovery byte of the signature
     * @param r Half of the ECDSA signature pair
     * @param s Half of the ECDSA signature pair
     */
    function delegateBySig(
        address delegatee,
        uint256 nonce,
        uint256 expiry,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external {
        bytes32 domainSeparator = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                DOMAIN_TYPEHASH,
                keccak256(bytes(name())),
                getChainId(),
                address(this)
            )
        );

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(
            abi.encode(DELEGATION_TYPEHASH, delegatee, nonce, expiry)
        );

        bytes32 digest = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash)
        );

        address signatory = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
        require(
            signatory != address(0),
            "xLESS::delegateBySig: invalid signature"
        );
        require(
            nonce == nonces[signatory]++,
            "xLESS::delegateBySig: invalid nonce"
        );
        require(now <= expiry, "xLESS::delegateBySig: signature expired");
        return _delegate(signatory, delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev notice Gets the current votes balance for `account`
     * @param account The address to get votes balance
     * @return The number of current votes for `account`
     */
    function getCurrentVotes(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];
        return
            nCheckpoints > 0 ? checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].votes : 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev notice Determine the prior number of votes for an account as of a block number
     * @dev Block number must be a finalized block or else this function will revert to prevent misinformation.
     * @param account The address of the account to check
     * @param blockNumber The block number to get the vote balance at
     * @return The number of votes the account had as of the given block
     */
    function getPriorVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(
            blockNumber < block.number,
            "xLESS::getPriorVotes: not yet determined"
        );

        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];
        if (nCheckpoints == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // First check most recent balance
        if (checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].fromBlock <= blockNumber) {
            return checkpoints[account][nCheckpoints - 1].votes;
        }

        // Next check implicit zero balance
        if (checkpoints[account][0].fromBlock > blockNumber) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint32 lower = 0;
        uint32 upper = nCheckpoints - 1;
        while (upper > lower) {
            uint32 center = upper - (upper - lower) / 2; // ceil, avoiding overflow
            Checkpoint memory cp = checkpoints[account][center];
            if (cp.fromBlock == blockNumber) {
                return cp.votes;
            } else if (cp.fromBlock < blockNumber) {
                lower = center;
            } else {
                upper = center - 1;
            }
        }
        return checkpoints[account][lower].votes;
    }

    function _delegate(address delegator, address delegatee) internal {
        address currentDelegate = _delegates[delegator];
        uint256 delegatorBalance = balanceOf(delegator); // balance of underlying xLESSs (not scaled);
        _delegates[delegator] = delegatee;

        emit DelegateChanged(delegator, currentDelegate, delegatee);

        _moveDelegates(currentDelegate, delegatee, delegatorBalance);
    }

    function _moveDelegates(
        address srcRep,
        address dstRep,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        if (srcRep != dstRep && amount > 0) {
            if (srcRep != address(0)) {
                // decrease old representative
                uint32 srcRepNum = numCheckpoints[srcRep];
                uint256 srcRepOld = srcRepNum > 0
                    ? checkpoints[srcRep][srcRepNum - 1].votes
                    : 0;
                uint256 srcRepNew = srcRepOld.sub(amount);
                _writeCheckpoint(srcRep, srcRepNum, srcRepOld, srcRepNew);
            }

            if (dstRep != address(0)) {
                // increase new representative
                uint32 dstRepNum = numCheckpoints[dstRep];
                uint256 dstRepOld = dstRepNum > 0
                    ? checkpoints[dstRep][dstRepNum - 1].votes
                    : 0;
                uint256 dstRepNew = dstRepOld.add(amount);
                _writeCheckpoint(dstRep, dstRepNum, dstRepOld, dstRepNew);
            }
        }
    }

    function _writeCheckpoint(
        address delegatee,
        uint32 nCheckpoints,
        uint256 oldVotes,
        uint256 newVotes
    ) internal {
        uint32 blockNumber = safe32(
            block.number,
            "xLESS::_writeCheckpoint: block number exceeds 32 bits"
        );

        if (
            nCheckpoints > 0 &&
            checkpoints[delegatee][nCheckpoints - 1].fromBlock == blockNumber
        ) {
            checkpoints[delegatee][nCheckpoints - 1].votes = newVotes;
        } else {
            checkpoints[delegatee][nCheckpoints] = Checkpoint(
                blockNumber,
                newVotes
            );
            numCheckpoints[delegatee] = nCheckpoints + 1;
        }

        emit DelegateVotesChanged(delegatee, oldVotes, newVotes);
    }

    function safe32(uint256 n, string memory errorMessage)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint32)
    {
        require(n < 2**32, errorMessage);
        return uint32(n);
    }

    function getChainId() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 chainId;
        assembly {
            chainId := chainid()
        }
        return chainId;
    }
}