// File: @uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol
 
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
 
interface IUniswapV2Factory {
    event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint);
 
    function feeTo() external view returns (address);
    function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);
 
    function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint);
 
    function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair);
 
    function setFeeTo(address) external;
    function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
}
 
// File: @uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol
 
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
 
interface IUniswapV2Pair {
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
 
    function name() external pure returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
 
    function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
 
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);
 
    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
 
    event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
    event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        uint amount0In,
        uint amount1In,
        uint amount0Out,
        uint amount1Out,
        address indexed to
    );
    event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);
 
    function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
    function factory() external view returns (address);
    function token0() external view returns (address);
    function token1() external view returns (address);
    function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
    function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function kLast() external view returns (uint);
 
    function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
    function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
    function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
    function skim(address to) external;
    function sync() external;
 
    function initialize(address, address) external;
}
 
// File: @uniswap/lib/contracts/libraries/FixedPoint.sol
 
pragma solidity >=0.4.0;
 
// a library for handling binary fixed point numbers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(number_format))
library FixedPoint {
    // range: [0, 2**112 - 1]
    // resolution: 1 / 2**112
    struct uq112x112 {
        uint224 _x;
    }
 
    // range: [0, 2**144 - 1]
    // resolution: 1 / 2**112
    struct uq144x112 {
        uint _x;
    }
 
    uint8 private constant RESOLUTION = 112;
    uint private constant Q112 = uint(1) << RESOLUTION;
    uint private constant Q224 = Q112 << RESOLUTION;
 
    // returns a UQ112x112 which represents the ratio of the numerator to the denominator
    // equivalent to encode(numerator).div(denominator)
    function fraction(uint112 numerator, uint112 denominator) internal pure returns (uq112x112 memory) {
        require(denominator > 0, "FixedPoint: DIV_BY_ZERO");
        return uq112x112((uint224(numerator) << RESOLUTION) / denominator);
    }
}
 
// File: contracts/external/UniswapV2OracleLibrary.sol
 
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
 
 
 
// library with helper methods for oracles that are concerned with computing average prices
library UniswapV2OracleLibrary {
    using FixedPoint for *;
 
    // helper function that returns the current block timestamp within the range of uint32, i.e. [0, 2**32 - 1]
    function currentBlockTimestamp() internal view returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(block.timestamp % 2 ** 32);
    }
 
    // produces the cumulative price using counterfactuals to save gas and avoid a call to sync.
    function currentCumulativePrices(address pair)
    internal
    view
    returns (uint price0Cumulative, uint price1Cumulative, uint32 blockTimestamp) {
        blockTimestamp = currentBlockTimestamp();
        price0Cumulative = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).price0CumulativeLast();
        price1Cumulative = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).price1CumulativeLast();
 
        // if time has elapsed since the last update on the pair, mock the accumulated price values
        (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast) = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).getReserves();
        if (blockTimestampLast != blockTimestamp) {
            // subtraction overflow is desired
            uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast;
            // addition overflow is desired
            // counterfactual
            price0Cumulative += uint(FixedPoint.fraction(reserve1, reserve0)._x) * timeElapsed;
            // counterfactual
            price1Cumulative += uint(FixedPoint.fraction(reserve0, reserve1)._x) * timeElapsed;
        }
    }
}
 
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
 
/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
 
        return c;
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;
 
        return c;
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
 
        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
 
        return c;
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
 
        return c;
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }
 
    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}
 
 
 
// File: contracts/external/UniswapV2Library.sol
 
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
 
 
 
library UniswapV2Library {
    using SafeMath for uint;
 
    // returns sorted token addresses, used to handle return values from pairs sorted in this order
    function sortTokens(address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address token0, address token1) {
        require(tokenA != tokenB, 'UniswapV2Library: IDENTICAL_ADDRESSES');
        (token0, token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
        require(token0 != address(0), 'UniswapV2Library: ZERO_ADDRESS');
    }
 
    // calculates the CREATE2 address for a pair without making any external calls
    function pairFor(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address pair) {
        (address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
        pair = address(uint(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
                hex'ff',
                factory,
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)),
                hex'96e8ac4277198ff8b6f785478aa9a39f403cb768dd02cbee326c3e7da348845f' // init code hash
            ))));
    }
 
    // fetches and sorts the reserves for a pair
    function getReserves(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal view returns (uint reserveA, uint reserveB) {
        (address token0,) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
        (uint reserve0, uint reserve1,) = IUniswapV2Pair(pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB)).getReserves();
        (reserveA, reserveB) = tokenA == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
    }
 
    // given some amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns an equivalent amount of the other asset
    function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) internal pure returns (uint amountB) {
        require(amountA > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT');
        require(reserveA > 0 && reserveB > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
        amountB = amountA.mul(reserveB) / reserveA;
    }
}
 
// File: contracts/external/Require.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2019 dYdX Trading Inc.
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.7;
 
/**
 * @title Require
 * @author dYdX
 *
 * Stringifies parameters to pretty-print revert messages. Costs more gas than regular require()
 */
library Require {
 
    // ============ Constants ============
 
    uint256 constant ASCII_ZERO = 48; // '0'
    uint256 constant ASCII_RELATIVE_ZERO = 87; // 'a' - 10
    uint256 constant ASCII_LOWER_EX = 120; // 'x'
    bytes2 constant COLON = 0x3a20; // ': '
    bytes2 constant COMMA = 0x2c20; // ', '
    bytes2 constant LPAREN = 0x203c; // ' <'
    byte constant RPAREN = 0x3e; // '>'
    uint256 constant FOUR_BIT_MASK = 0xf;
 
    // ============ Library Functions ============
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        uint256 payloadA
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        uint256 payloadA,
        uint256 payloadB
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadB),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        address payloadA
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        address payloadA,
        uint256 payloadB
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadB),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        address payloadA,
        uint256 payloadB,
        uint256 payloadC
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadB),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadC),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        bytes32 payloadA
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    function that(
        bool must,
        bytes32 file,
        bytes32 reason,
        bytes32 payloadA,
        uint256 payloadB,
        uint256 payloadC
    )
    internal
    pure
    {
        if (!must) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        stringifyTruncated(file),
                        COLON,
                        stringifyTruncated(reason),
                        LPAREN,
                        stringify(payloadA),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadB),
                        COMMA,
                        stringify(payloadC),
                        RPAREN
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }
 
    // ============ Private Functions ============
 
    function stringifyTruncated(
        bytes32 input
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (bytes memory)
    {
        // put the input bytes into the result
        bytes memory result = abi.encodePacked(input);
 
        // determine the length of the input by finding the location of the last non-zero byte
        for (uint256 i = 32; i > 0; ) {
            // reverse-for-loops with unsigned integer
            /* solium-disable-next-line security/no-modify-for-iter-var */
            i--;
 
            // find the last non-zero byte in order to determine the length
            if (result[i] != 0) {
                uint256 length = i + 1;
 
                /* solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly */
                assembly {
                    mstore(result, length) // r.length = length;
                }
 
                return result;
            }
        }
 
        // all bytes are zero
        return new bytes(0);
    }
 
    function stringify(
        uint256 input
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (bytes memory)
    {
        if (input == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
 
        // get the final string length
        uint256 j = input;
        uint256 length;
        while (j != 0) {
            length++;
            j /= 10;
        }
 
        // allocate the string
        bytes memory bstr = new bytes(length);
 
        // populate the string starting with the least-significant character
        j = input;
        for (uint256 i = length; i > 0; ) {
            // reverse-for-loops with unsigned integer
            /* solium-disable-next-line security/no-modify-for-iter-var */
            i--;
 
            // take last decimal digit
            bstr[i] = byte(uint8(ASCII_ZERO + (j % 10)));
 
            // remove the last decimal digit
            j /= 10;
        }
 
        return bstr;
    }
 
    function stringify(
        address input
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (bytes memory)
    {
        uint256 z = uint256(input);
 
        // addresses are "0x" followed by 20 bytes of data which take up 2 characters each
        bytes memory result = new bytes(42);
 
        // populate the result with "0x"
        result[0] = byte(uint8(ASCII_ZERO));
        result[1] = byte(uint8(ASCII_LOWER_EX));
 
        // for each byte (starting from the lowest byte), populate the result with two characters
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            // each byte takes two characters
            uint256 shift = i * 2;
 
            // populate the least-significant character
            result[41 - shift] = char(z & FOUR_BIT_MASK);
            z = z >> 4;
 
            // populate the most-significant character
            result[40 - shift] = char(z & FOUR_BIT_MASK);
            z = z >> 4;
        }
 
        return result;
    }
 
    function stringify(
        bytes32 input
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (bytes memory)
    {
        uint256 z = uint256(input);
 
        // bytes32 are "0x" followed by 32 bytes of data which take up 2 characters each
        bytes memory result = new bytes(66);
 
        // populate the result with "0x"
        result[0] = byte(uint8(ASCII_ZERO));
        result[1] = byte(uint8(ASCII_LOWER_EX));
 
        // for each byte (starting from the lowest byte), populate the result with two characters
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            // each byte takes two characters
            uint256 shift = i * 2;
 
            // populate the least-significant character
            result[65 - shift] = char(z & FOUR_BIT_MASK);
            z = z >> 4;
 
            // populate the most-significant character
            result[64 - shift] = char(z & FOUR_BIT_MASK);
            z = z >> 4;
        }
 
        return result;
    }
 
    function char(
        uint256 input
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (byte)
    {
        // return ASCII digit (0-9)
        if (input < 10) {
            return byte(uint8(input + ASCII_ZERO));
        }
 
        // return ASCII letter (a-f)
        return byte(uint8(input + ASCII_RELATIVE_ZERO));
    }
}
 
// File: contracts/external/Decimal.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2019 dYdX Trading Inc.
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.7;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;
 
 
/**
 * @title Decimal
 * @author dYdX
 *
 * Library that defines a fixed-point number with 18 decimal places.
 */
library Decimal {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
 
    // ============ Constants ============
 
    uint256 constant BASE = 10**18;
 
    // ============ Structs ============
 
 
    struct D256 {
        uint256 value;
    }
 
    // ============ Static Functions ============
 
    function zero()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: 0 });
    }
 
    function one()
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: BASE });
    }
 
    function from(
        uint256 a
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: a.mul(BASE) });
    }
 
    function ratio(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(a, BASE, b) });
    }
 
    // ============ Self Functions ============
 
    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }
 
    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.mul(BASE)) });
    }
 
    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b,
        string memory reason
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.mul(BASE), reason) });
    }
 
    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.mul(b) });
    }
 
    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.div(b) });
    }
 
    function pow(
        D256 memory self,
        uint256 b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        if (b == 0) {
            return from(1);
        }
 
        D256 memory temp = D256({ value: self.value });
        for (uint256 i = 1; i < b; i++) {
            temp = mul(temp, self);
        }
 
        return temp;
    }
 
    function add(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.add(b.value) });
    }
 
    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.value) });
    }
 
    function sub(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b,
        string memory reason
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: self.value.sub(b.value, reason) });
    }
 
    function mul(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, b.value, BASE) });
    }
 
    function div(
        D256 memory self,
        D256 memory b
    )
    internal
    pure
    returns (D256 memory)
    {
        return D256({ value: getPartial(self.value, BASE, b.value) });
    }
 
    function equals(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == b.value;
    }
 
    function greaterThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 2;
    }
 
    function lessThan(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) == 0;
    }
 
    function greaterThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) > 0;
    }
 
    function lessThanOrEqualTo(D256 memory self, D256 memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compareTo(self, b) < 2;
    }
 
    function isZero(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self.value == 0;
    }
 
    function asUint256(D256 memory self) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return self.value.div(BASE);
    }
 
    // ============ Core Methods ============
 
    function getPartial(
        uint256 target,
        uint256 numerator,
        uint256 denominator
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        return target.mul(numerator).div(denominator);
    }
 
    function compareTo(
        D256 memory a,
        D256 memory b
    )
    private
    pure
    returns (uint256)
    {
        if (a.value == b.value) {
            return 1;
        }
        return a.value > b.value ? 2 : 0;
    }
}
 
// File: contracts/oracle/IOracle.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.17;
 
 
contract IOracle {
    function setup() public;
    function capture() public returns (Decimal.D256 memory, bool);
    function pair() external view returns (address);
}
 
// File: contracts/oracle/IUSDC.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.17;
 
contract IUSDC {
    function isBlacklisted(address _account) external view returns (bool);
}
 
// File: contracts/Constants.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.17;
 
 
library Constants {
    /* Chain */
    uint256 private constant CHAIN_ID = 1; // Mainnet
 
    /* Bootstrapping */
    uint256 private constant BOOTSTRAPPING_PERIOD = 300;
    uint256 private constant BOOTSTRAPPING_PRICE = 154e16; // 1.54 USDC
    uint256 private constant BOOTSTRAPPING_SPEEDUP_FACTOR = 3; // 30 days @ 8 hours
 
    /* Oracle */
    address private constant USDC = address(0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48);
    uint256 private constant ORACLE_RESERVE_MINIMUM = 1e10; // 10,000 USDC
 
    /* Bonding */
    uint256 private constant INITIAL_STAKE_MULTIPLE = 1e6; // 100 ESD -> 100M ESDS
 
    /* Epoch */
    struct EpochStrategy {
        uint256 offset;
        uint256 start;
        uint256 period;
    }
 
    uint256 private constant PREVIOUS_EPOCH_OFFSET = 91;
    uint256 private constant PREVIOUS_EPOCH_START = 1600905600;
    uint256 private constant PREVIOUS_EPOCH_PERIOD = 3600;
 
    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_OFFSET = 106;
    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_START = 1602201600;
    uint256 private constant CURRENT_EPOCH_PERIOD = 3600;
 
    /* Governance */
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_PERIOD = 72;
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_QUORUM = 33e16; // 33%
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_SUPER_MAJORITY = 66e16; // 66%
    uint256 private constant GOVERNANCE_EMERGENCY_DELAY = 12; // 6 epochs
 
    /* DAO */
    uint256 private constant ADVANCE_INCENTIVE = 1e20; // 100 ESD
 
    /* Market */
    uint256 private constant COUPON_EXPIRATION = 360;
    uint256 private constant DEBT_RATIO_CAP = 35e16; // 35%
 
    /* Regulator */
    uint256 private constant SUPPLY_CHANGE_LIMIT = 2e16; // 2%
    uint256 private constant ORACLE_POOL_RATIO = 50; // 50%
 
    /**
     * Getters
     */
 
    function getUsdcAddress() internal pure returns (address) {
        return USDC;
    }
 
    function getOracleReserveMinimum() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ORACLE_RESERVE_MINIMUM;
    }
 
    function getPreviousEpochStrategy() internal pure returns (EpochStrategy memory) {
        return EpochStrategy({
            offset: PREVIOUS_EPOCH_OFFSET,
            start: PREVIOUS_EPOCH_START,
            period: PREVIOUS_EPOCH_PERIOD
        });
    }
 
    function getCurrentEpochStrategy() internal pure returns (EpochStrategy memory) {
        return EpochStrategy({
            offset: CURRENT_EPOCH_OFFSET,
            start: CURRENT_EPOCH_START,
            period: CURRENT_EPOCH_PERIOD
        });
    }
 
    function getInitialStakeMultiple() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return INITIAL_STAKE_MULTIPLE;
    }
 
    function getBootstrappingPeriod() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return BOOTSTRAPPING_PERIOD;
    }
 
    function getBootstrappingPrice() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: BOOTSTRAPPING_PRICE});
    }
 
    function getBootstrappingSpeedupFactor() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return BOOTSTRAPPING_SPEEDUP_FACTOR;
    }
 
    function getGovernancePeriod() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return GOVERNANCE_PERIOD;
    }
 
    function getGovernanceQuorum() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: GOVERNANCE_QUORUM});
    }
 
    function getGovernanceSuperMajority() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: GOVERNANCE_SUPER_MAJORITY});
    }
 
    function getGovernanceEmergencyDelay() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return GOVERNANCE_EMERGENCY_DELAY;
    }
 
    function getAdvanceIncentive() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ADVANCE_INCENTIVE;
    }
 
    function getCouponExpiration() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return COUPON_EXPIRATION;
    }
 
    function getDebtRatioCap() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: DEBT_RATIO_CAP});
    }
 
    function getSupplyChangeLimit() internal pure returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        return Decimal.D256({value: SUPPLY_CHANGE_LIMIT});
    }
 
    function getOraclePoolRatio() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ORACLE_POOL_RATIO;
    }
 
    function getChainId() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return CHAIN_ID;
    }
}
 
// File: oracle/Oracle.sol
 
/*
    Copyright 2020 Empty Set Squad <emptysetsquad@protonmail.com>
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/
 
pragma solidity ^0.5.17;
 
contract Oracle is IOracle {
    using Decimal for Decimal.D256;
 
    bytes32 private constant FILE = "Oracle";
    address private constant UNISWAP_FACTORY = address(0x5C69bEe701ef814a2B6a3EDD4B1652CB9cc5aA6f);
 
    address internal _dao;
    address internal _dollar;
 
    bool internal _initialized;
    IUniswapV2Pair internal _pair;
    uint256 internal _index;
    uint256 internal _cumulative;
    uint32 internal _timestamp;
 
    uint256 internal _reserve;
    address public owner;
 
    constructor (address dollar) public {
        owner = msg.sender;
        _dollar = dollar;
    }
 
    function setup() public onlyOwner {
        _pair = IUniswapV2Pair(IUniswapV2Factory(UNISWAP_FACTORY).createPair(_dollar, usdc()));
 
        (address token0, address token1) = (_pair.token0(), _pair.token1());
        _index = _dollar == token0 ? 0 : 1;
 
        Require.that(
            _index == 0 || _dollar == token1,
            FILE,
            "Døllar not found"
        );
    }
 
    function setDao(address dao) public onlyOwner {
        _dao = dao;
    }
 
    /**
     * Trades/Liquidity: (1) Initializes reserve and blockTimestampLast (can calculate a price)
     *                   (2) Has non-zero cumulative prices
     *
     * Steps: (1) Captures a reference blockTimestampLast
     *        (2) First reported value
     */
    function capture() public onlyDao returns (Decimal.D256 memory, bool) {
        if (_initialized) {
            return updateOracle();
        } else {
            initializeOracle();
            return (Decimal.one(), false);
        }
    }
 
    function initializeOracle() private {
        IUniswapV2Pair pair = _pair;
        uint256 priceCumulative = _index == 0 ?
            pair.price0CumulativeLast() :
            pair.price1CumulativeLast();
        (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast) = pair.getReserves();
        if(reserve0 != 0 && reserve1 != 0 && blockTimestampLast != 0) {
            _cumulative = priceCumulative;
            _timestamp = blockTimestampLast;
            _initialized = true;
            _reserve = _index == 0 ? reserve1 : reserve0; // get counter's reserve
        }
    }
 
    function updateOracle() private returns (Decimal.D256 memory, bool) {
        Decimal.D256 memory price = updatePrice();
        uint256 lastReserve = updateReserve();
        bool isBlacklisted = IUSDC(usdc()).isBlacklisted(address(_pair));
 
        bool valid = true;
        if (lastReserve < Constants.getOracleReserveMinimum()) {
            valid = false;
        }
        if (_reserve < Constants.getOracleReserveMinimum()) {
            valid = false;
        }
        if (isBlacklisted) {
            valid = false;
        }
 
        return (price, valid);
    }
 
    function updatePrice() private returns (Decimal.D256 memory) {
        (uint256 price0Cumulative, uint256 price1Cumulative, uint32 blockTimestamp) =
        UniswapV2OracleLibrary.currentCumulativePrices(address(_pair));
        uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - _timestamp; // overflow is desired
        uint256 priceCumulative = _index == 0 ? price0Cumulative : price1Cumulative;
        Decimal.D256 memory price = Decimal.ratio((priceCumulative - _cumulative) / timeElapsed, 2**112);
 
        _timestamp = blockTimestamp;
        _cumulative = priceCumulative;
 
        return price.mul(1e12);
    }
 
    function updateReserve() private returns (uint256) {
        uint256 lastReserve = _reserve;
        (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1,) = _pair.getReserves();
        _reserve = _index == 0 ? reserve1 : reserve0; // get counter's reserve
 
        return lastReserve;
    }
 
    function usdc() internal view returns (address) {
        return Constants.getUsdcAddress();
    }
 
    function pair() external view returns (address) {
        return address(_pair);
    }
 
    function reserve() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _reserve;
    }
 
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        Require.that(
            msg.sender == owner,
            FILE,
            "Not owner"
        );
 
        _;
    }
 
    modifier onlyDao() {
        Require.that(
            msg.sender == _dao,
            FILE,
            "Not dao"
        );
 
        _;
    }
}