// File: contracts/Gryph/GryphNamespaceRegistry.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControlEnumerable.sol";

import "../ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIContract.sol";
import "../ERC721/extensions/ERC721Pausable.sol";
import "../utils/Base64.sol";

import "./INamespaceMinter.sol";

//
//     ______  _______   ____  ____   _______  ____  ____  
//   .' ___  ||_   __ \ |_  _||_  _| |_   __ \|_   ||   _| 
//  / .'   \_|  | |__) |  \ \  / /     | |__) | | |__| |   
//  | |   ____  |  __ /    \ \/ /      |  ___/  |  __  |   
//  \ `.___]  |_| |  \ \_  _|  |_  _  _| |_    _| |  | |_  
//   `._____.'|____| |___||______|(_)|_____|  |____||____| 
//
//  CROSS CHAIN NFT MARKETPLACE
//  https://www.gry.ph/
//

contract GryphNamespaceRegistry is 
  INamespaceMinter,
  Ownable,
  AccessControlEnumerable, 
  ERC721URIContract,
  ERC721Pausable
{
  using Strings for uint256;

  // ============ Constants ============

  //all custom roles
  bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");
  bytes32 public constant CURATOR_ROLE = keccak256("CURATOR_ROLE");
  //royalty percent
  uint256 private constant _ROYALTY_PERCENT = 500;
  //bytes4(keccak256("royaltyInfo(uint256,uint256)")) == 0x2a55205a
  bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_ERC2981 = 0x2a55205a;

  // ============ Storage ============

  //mapping of token id to name
  mapping(uint256 => string) private _registry;

  //mapping of names to blacklist
  mapping(string => bool) public blacklisted;

  // ============ Deploy ============

  /**
   * @dev Sets contract URI
   */
  constructor(string memory uri) {
    address sender = _msgSender();
    //set up roles for contract deployer
    _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, sender);
    _setContractURI(uri);
  }

  // ============ Read Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
   */
  function name() external pure returns(string memory) {
    return "Gryph Namespaces";
  }

  /**
   * @dev implements ERC2981 `royaltyInfo()`
   */
  function royaltyInfo(uint256, uint256 salePrice) 
    external 
    view 
    returns(address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount) 
  {
    return (
      payable(address(owner())), 
      (salePrice * _ROYALTY_PERCENT) / 10000
    );
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
   */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
    public
    view
    virtual
    override(AccessControlEnumerable, ERC721)
    returns(bool)
  {
    //support ERC2981
    return interfaceId == _INTERFACE_ID_ERC2981 
      || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
   */
  function symbol() external pure returns(string memory) {
    return "GNS";
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
   */
  function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view returns(string memory) {
    if(!_exists(tokenId)) revert InvalidCall();
    string memory namespace = _registry[tokenId];
    return string(
      abi.encodePacked(
        "data:application/json;base64,",
        Base64.encode(bytes(abi.encodePacked(
          '{"name":"', namespace, '.gry.ph",',
          '"description": "', _description(), '",',
          '"image":"data:image/svg+xml;base64,', _svg64(namespace), '"}'
        )))
      )
    );
  }

  // ============ Admin Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev Assigns a name to a new owner. This would only ever be called  
   * if there was a reported breach of a trademark
   */
  function assign(uint256 tokenId, address recipient) 
    external onlyRole(CURATOR_ROLE)
  {
    _transfer(ownerOf(tokenId), recipient, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Disallows `names` to be minted
   */
  function blacklist(string[] memory names, bool banned) 
    external onlyRole(CURATOR_ROLE) 
  {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
      blacklisted[names[i]] = banned;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allow admin to mint a name without paying (used for airdrops)
   */
  function mint(address recipient, string memory namespace) 
    external onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) 
  {
    _nameMint(recipient, namespace);
  }

  // ============ Private Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev See {ERC721B-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - the contract must not be paused.
   */
  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) internal virtual override(ERC721, ERC721Pausable) {
    super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
  }

  function _description() private pure returns(string memory) {
    return "GRY.PH is a cross chain NFT marketplace. Holders of this collection namespace have the rights to customize the content available.";
  }

  function _grid() private pure returns(uint256[5][73] memory) {
    return [
      [uint256(25), 25, 13, 125, 0],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 100, 0],
      [uint256(75), 25, 88, 75, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 163, 50, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 188, 25, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 0, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 75, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 50, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 238, 25, 0],
      [uint256(25), 50, 338, 75, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 363, 125, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 388, 150, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 413, 175, 0],
      [uint256(25), 75, 438, 200, 0],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 150, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 113, 175, 0],
      [uint256(25), 75, 88, 200, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 113, 275, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 13, 325, 0],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 300, 0],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 350, 0],
      [uint256(75), 25, 88, 375, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 163, 400, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 188, 425, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 450, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 375, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 400, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 238, 425, 0],
      [uint256(25), 50, 338, 350, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 363, 325, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 388, 300, 0],
      [uint256(25), 25, 413, 275, 0],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 125, 1],
      [uint256(50), 25, 38, 325, 1],
      [uint256(50), 25, 88, 150, 1],
      [uint256(75), 25, 88, 100, 1],
      [uint256(75), 25, 88, 350, 1],
      [uint256(50), 25, 88, 300, 1],
      [uint256(25), 75, 113, 200, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 163, 75, 1],
      [uint256(75), 25, 188, 50, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 25, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 75, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 138, 175, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 138, 275, 1],
      [uint256(75), 25, 188, 400, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 425, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 375, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 163, 375, 1],
      [uint256(25), 25, 88, 125, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 88, 325, 2],
      [uint256(25), 50, 213, 100, 2],
      [uint256(25), 50, 238, 125, 2],
      [uint256(25), 50, 238, 300, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 175, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 275, 2],
      [uint256(25), 50, 213, 325, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 200, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 213, 250, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 363, 150, 2],
      [uint256(25), 25, 363, 300, 2],
      [uint256(25), 125, 388, 175, 2],
      [uint256(75), 75, 238, 200, 3],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 175, 3],
      [uint256(25), 25, 263, 275, 3],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 150, 3],
      [uint256(25), 25, 288, 300, 3],
      [uint256(25), 50, 313, 75, 3],
      [uint256(50), 50, 313, 125, 3],
      [uint256(75), 125, 313, 175, 3],
      [uint256(50), 50, 313, 300, 3],
      [uint256(25), 50, 313, 350, 3],
      [uint256(25), 75, 413, 200, 3]
    ];
  }

  function _svg64(string memory namespace) private pure returns(string memory) {
    bytes memory svg = abi.encodePacked(
      '<svg width="475" height="475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><rect height="475" width="475" fill="#ffffff"/>'
    );

    string[4] memory color = [
      'D0D0D0',
      'F5F5F5',
      'EDEDED',
      'DBDBDB'
    ];

    uint256[5][73] memory grid = _grid();
    for (uint8 i = 0; i < grid.length; i++) {
      svg = abi.encodePacked(svg,
        '<rect height="', grid[i][0].toString(),
        '" width="', grid[i][1].toString(),
        '" y="', grid[i][2].toString(),
        '" x="', grid[i][3].toString(),
        '" fill="#', color[grid[i][4]],'"/>'
      );
    }

    svg = abi.encodePacked(svg,
      '<text font-family="', "'Courier New'", '" font-weight="bold" font-size="30" y="60%" x="50%" fill="#444" dominant-baseline="middle" text-anchor="middle">gry.ph</text>',
      '<text id="name" font-family="', "'Courier New'", '" font-weight="bold" font-size="30" y="50%" x="50%" fill="#000" dominant-baseline="middle" text-anchor="middle">', namespace,'</text>',
      '</g></svg>'
    );

    return Base64.encode(svg);
  }

  function _nameMint(address recipient, string memory namespace) private {
    //if blacklisted
    if (blacklisted[namespace]) revert InvalidCall();
    //determine token id from name
    bytes32 nameHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(namespace));
    if (nameHash.length < 32) revert InvalidCall();
    uint256 tokenId = uint256(nameHash);
    //now mint
    _safeMint(recipient, tokenId);
    _registry[tokenId] = namespace;
  }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControlEnumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/AccessControlEnumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControlEnumerable.sol";
import "./AccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of {AccessControl} that allows enumerating the members of each role.
 */
abstract contract AccessControlEnumerable is IAccessControlEnumerable, AccessControl {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;

    mapping(bytes32 => EnumerableSet.AddressSet) private _roleMembers;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControlEnumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns one of the accounts that have `role`. `index` must be a
     * value between 0 and {getRoleMemberCount}, non-inclusive.
     *
     * Role bearers are not sorted in any particular way, and their ordering may
     * change at any point.
     *
     * WARNING: When using {getRoleMember} and {getRoleMemberCount}, make sure
     * you perform all queries on the same block. See the following
     * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/iterating-over-elements-on-enumerableset-in-openzeppelin-contracts/2296[forum post]
     * for more information.
     */
    function getRoleMember(bytes32 role, uint256 index) public view override returns (address) {
        return _roleMembers[role].at(index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of accounts that have `role`. Can be used
     * together with {getRoleMember} to enumerate all bearers of a role.
     */
    function getRoleMemberCount(bytes32 role) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _roleMembers[role].length();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload {_grantRole} to track enumerable memberships
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual override {
        super._grantRole(role, account);
        _roleMembers[role].add(account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload {_revokeRole} to track enumerable memberships
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual override {
        super._revokeRole(role, account);
        _roleMembers[role].remove(account);
    }
}

// File: contracts/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIContract.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC721 contract with a URI descriptor
 */
abstract contract ERC721URIContract is ERC721 {
  //immutable contract uri
  string private _contractURI;

  /**
   * @dev The URI for contract data ex. https://creatures-api.opensea.io/contract/opensea-creatures/contract.json
   * Example Format:
   * {
   *   "name": "OpenSea Creatures",
   *   "description": "OpenSea Creatures are adorable aquatic beings primarily for demonstrating what can be done using the OpenSea platform. Adopt one today to try out all the OpenSea buying, selling, and bidding feature set.",
   *   "image": "https://openseacreatures.io/image.png",
   *   "external_link": "https://openseacreatures.io",
   *   "seller_fee_basis_points": 100, # Indicates a 1% seller fee.
   *   "fee_recipient": "0xA97F337c39cccE66adfeCB2BF99C1DdC54C2D721" # Where seller fees will be paid to.
   * }
   */
  function contractURI() external view returns (string memory) {
    return _contractURI;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets contract uri
   */
  function _setContractURI(string memory uri) internal virtual {
    _contractURI = uri;
  }
}

// File: contracts/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC721 token with pausable token transfers, minting and burning.
 *
 * Useful for scenarios such as preventing trades until the end of an evaluation
 * period, or having an emergency switch for freezing all token transfers in the
 * event of a large bug.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Pausable is Pausable, ERC721 {
  /**
   * @dev See {ERC721B-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - the contract must not be paused.
   */
  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) internal virtual override {
    if (paused()) revert InvalidCall();
    super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
  }
}

// File: contracts/utils/Base64.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// @title Base64
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
/// @notice Provides a function for encoding some bytes in base64
library Base64 {
  string internal constant TABLE = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';

  function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory) {
    if (data.length == 0) return '';

    // load the table into memory
    string memory table = TABLE;

    // multiply by 4/3 rounded up
    uint256 encodedLen = 4 * ((data.length + 2) / 3);

    // add some extra buffer at the end required for the writing
    string memory result = new string(encodedLen + 32);

    assembly {
    // set the actual output length
      mstore(result, encodedLen)

    // prepare the lookup table
      let tablePtr := add(table, 1)

    // input ptr
      let dataPtr := data
      let endPtr := add(dataPtr, mload(data))

    // result ptr, jump over length
      let resultPtr := add(result, 32)

    // run over the input, 3 bytes at a time
      for {} lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {}
      {
        dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 3)

      // read 3 bytes
        let input := mload(dataPtr)

      // write 4 characters
        mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(18, input), 0x3F)))))
        resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
        mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(12, input), 0x3F)))))
        resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
        mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr( 6, input), 0x3F)))))
        resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
        mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(    input,  0x3F)))))
        resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
      }

    // padding with '='
      switch mod(mload(data), 3)
      case 1 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 2), shl(240, 0x3d3d)) }
      case 2 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 1), shl(248, 0x3d)) }
    }

    return result;
  }
}
// File: contracts/Gryph/INamespaceMinter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface INamespaceMinter {
  /**
   * @dev Allow admin to mint a name without paying (used for airdrops)
   */
  function mint(address recipient, string memory namespace) external;
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControlEnumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/IAccessControlEnumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControlEnumerable declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControlEnumerable is IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Returns one of the accounts that have `role`. `index` must be a
     * value between 0 and {getRoleMemberCount}, non-inclusive.
     *
     * Role bearers are not sorted in any particular way, and their ordering may
     * change at any point.
     *
     * WARNING: When using {getRoleMember} and {getRoleMemberCount}, make sure
     * you perform all queries on the same block. See the following
     * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/iterating-over-elements-on-enumerableset-in-openzeppelin-contracts/2296[forum post]
     * for more information.
     */
    function getRoleMember(bytes32 role, uint256 index) external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of accounts that have `role`. Can be used
     * together with {getRoleMember} to enumerate all bearers of a role.
     */
    function getRoleMemberCount(bytes32 role) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/Context.sol";
import "../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint160(account), 20),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastvalue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastvalue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastvalue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastvalue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return _values(set._inner);
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControl.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/ERC721/ERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

error InvalidCall();

abstract contract ERC721 is 
  Context, 
  ERC165, 
  IERC721, 
  IERC721Metadata 
{
  using Address for address;
  using Strings for uint256;

  // ============ Storage ============

  // Total supply
  uint256 private _totalSupply;

  // Mapping from token ID to owner address
  mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;
  // Mapping owner address to token count
  mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

  // Mapping from token ID to approved address
  mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;
  // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
  mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

  // ============ Modifiers ============

  modifier isToken(uint256 tokenId) {
    //make sure there is a product
    if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert InvalidCall();
    _;
  }

  modifier isNotToken(uint256 tokenId) {
    //make sure there is a product
    if (_exists(tokenId)) revert InvalidCall();
    _;
  }

  // ============ Read Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
   */
  function balanceOf(address owner) 
    public view virtual override returns(uint256) 
  {
    if (owner == address(0)) revert InvalidCall();
    return _balances[owner];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
   */
  function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) 
    public view virtual override isToken(tokenId) returns(address) 
  {
    return _owners[tokenId];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
   */
  function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) 
    public 
    view 
    virtual 
    override(ERC165, IERC165) 
    returns(bool) 
  {
    return
      interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
      interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
      super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
  }
  
  /**
   * @dev Shows the overall amount of tokens generated in the contract
   */
  function totalSupply() public virtual view returns (uint256) {
    return _totalSupply;
  }

  // ============ Approval Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
   */
  function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
    address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
    if (to == owner) revert InvalidCall();

    address sender = _msgSender();
    if (sender != owner && !isApprovedForAll(owner, sender)) 
      revert InvalidCall();

    _approve(to, tokenId, owner);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
   */
  function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) 
    public view virtual override isToken(tokenId) returns(address) 
  {
    return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
   */
  function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) 
    public view virtual override returns (bool) 
  {
    return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
   */
  function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) 
    public virtual override 
  {
    _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
   *
   * Emits a {Approval} event.
   */
  function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address owner) 
    internal virtual 
  {
    _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
    emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must exist.
   */
  function _isApprovedOrOwner(
      address spender, 
      uint256 tokenId, 
      address owner
  ) internal view virtual returns(bool) {
    return spender == owner 
      || getApproved(tokenId) == spender 
      || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
   *
   * Emits a {ApprovalForAll} event.
   */
  function _setApprovalForAll(
    address owner,
    address operator,
    bool approved
  ) internal virtual {
    if (owner == operator) revert InvalidCall();
    _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
    emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
  }

  // ============ Transfer Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) public virtual override {
    safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
   */
  function safeTransferFrom(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) public virtual override {
    _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} 
   * on a target address. The call is not executed if the target address 
   * is not a contract.
   */
  function _checkOnERC721Received(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) private returns (bool) {
    try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(
      _msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data
    ) returns (bytes4 retval) {
      return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
    } catch (bytes memory reason) {
      if (reason.length == 0) {
        revert InvalidCall();
      } else {
        assembly {
          revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
   *
   * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via 
   * {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
   *
   * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
   * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
   */
  function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
    return _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
   *
   * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} 
   * whenever possible
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must not exist.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function _mint(
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data,
    bool safeCheck
  ) internal virtual isNotToken(tokenId) {
    if (to == address(0)) revert InvalidCall();

    _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

    _balances[to] += 1;
    _owners[tokenId] = to;
    _totalSupply++;

    //if do safe check
    if (safeCheck 
      && to.isContract() 
      && !_checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data)
    ) revert InvalidCall();

    emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `tokenId` must not exist.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement 
   *   {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a 
   *   safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function _safeMint(address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
    _safeMint(to, amount, "");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], 
   * with an additional `data` parameter which is forwarded in 
   * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
   */
  function _safeMint(
    address to,
    uint256 amount,
    bytes memory _data
  ) internal virtual {
    _mint(to, amount, _data, true);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking 
   * first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol to 
   * prevent tokens from being forever locked.
   *
   * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is 
   * sent in call to `to`.
   *
   * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can 
   * be used to e.g.
   * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as 
   * signature-based.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
   * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement 
   *   {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a 
   *   safe transfer.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function _safeTransfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId,
    bytes memory _data
  ) internal virtual {
    _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    if (to.isContract() 
      && !_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)
    ) {
        revert InvalidCall();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`. As opposed to 
   * {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
   *
   * Requirements:
   *
   * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
   * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
   *
   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
   */
  function _transfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) internal virtual {
    if (to == address(0)) revert InvalidCall();
    //get owner
    address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
    //owner should be the `from`
    if (from != owner) revert InvalidCall();
    if (!_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId, owner)) 
      revert InvalidCall();

    _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

    // Clear approvals from the previous owner
    _approve(address(0), tokenId, from);

    unchecked {
      //this is the situation when _owners are normalized
      _balances[to] += 1;
      _balances[from] -= 1;
      _owners[tokenId] = to;
    }

    emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
  }

  // ============ TODO Methods ============

  /**
   * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token ids 
   * are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
   *
   * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
   * amount - the amount to be transferred
   *
   * Calling conditions:
   *
   * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` 
   *   will be transferred to `to`.
   * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
   */
  function _beforeTokenTransfer(
    address from,
    address to,
    uint256 tokenId
  ) internal virtual {}
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}