// File: contracts/BlackandBlueCosmos.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

import './ERC721EnumerableGasOptimization.sol';
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";


contract BlackandBlueCosmos is ERC721EnumerableGasOptimization, EIP712 {

    using Strings for uint;


    // Sales variables
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    uint256 public MAX_BBCS = 100;
    uint256 public MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE = 7;

    uint256 public MAX_MINT_PER_TX = 3; // Max number of token can be minted per tx
    uint256 public BBC_PRICE = 0 ether; 

    uint256 public saleStartTimestamp = 1641633300; // Public Sale start time in epoch format
    uint256 public saleStopTimestamp = 1641636000; // Public Sale stop time in epoch format


    // Dutch auction config
    uint256 public auctionStartTimestamp; 
    uint256 public auctionTimeStep;
    uint256 public auctionStartPrice;
    uint256 public auctionEndPrice;
    uint256 public auctionPriceStep;
    uint256 public auctionStepNumber;


    // Signer addresses
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    address private _signer = 0x3E7F691772793B62fEfd968Ead095330F6cFA4Cf; // address where signatures generated


    // State variables
    // Using toggles to open/close sale
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bool public isWhiteListSaleActive = false; 
    bool public isPublicSaleActive = false;
    bool public isDutchAuctionActive = false;


    // Sale arrays
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    mapping(address => uint256) public whiteListSaleClaimed;  // current claimed number of a address on whiteListSale


    // URI variables
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    string private _baseTokenURI;


    // Events
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    event BaseTokenURIChanged(string baseTokenURI);
    event URIChanged(string tokenURI);
    event priceChanged(uint256 newTokenPrice);
    event supplyChanged(uint256 totalSupply,uint256 tierSupply, uint256 maxMintLimitPerTX);
    event BBCSMinted(address owner, uint256 numMint, uint256 totalSupply);



    // Constructor
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    constructor() 
    ERC721GasOptimization("BlackandBlueCosmos", "BBC",0)
    EIP712("BlackandBlueCosmos", "1.0.0")
    {}


    // Modifiers
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    modifier onlyWhiteListSale() {
        require(isWhiteListSaleActive, "WHITELIST_SALE_NOT_ACTIVE");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyPublicSale() {
        require(isPublicSaleActive, "PUBLIC_SALE_NOT_ACTIVE");
        require(block.timestamp >= saleStartTimestamp && block.timestamp <= saleStopTimestamp, "NOT_IN_PUBLIC_SALE_TIME");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyDutchAuction() {
        require(isDutchAuctionActive, "DUTCH_AUCTION_NOT_ACTIVE");
        _;
    }
    
    // Block smart contract
    modifier callerIsUser() {
        require(tx.origin == msg.sender, "CALLER_IS_CONTRACT");
        _;
    }


    // Sale functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function setTierSupply(uint256 _MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE, uint256 _MAX_MINT_PER_TX) external onlyOwner {
        require(_MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE <= MAX_BBCS,"TIER_SUPPLY_EXCEEDS_MAX_BBCS");
        MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE = _MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE;
        MAX_MINT_PER_TX = _MAX_MINT_PER_TX;

        emit supplyChanged(MAX_BBCS,_MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE, _MAX_MINT_PER_TX);
    }

    function setMaxSupply(uint256 _MAX_BBCS) external onlyOwner {
        MAX_BBCS = _MAX_BBCS;

        emit supplyChanged(_MAX_BBCS,MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE,MAX_MINT_PER_TX);
    }
    
    function setPrice(uint256 _BBC_PRICE) external onlyOwner {
        BBC_PRICE = _BBC_PRICE;
        emit priceChanged(_BBC_PRICE);
    }

    function setWhiteListSaleStatus(bool _isWhiteListSaleActive) external onlyOwner {
        require(isWhiteListSaleActive != _isWhiteListSaleActive,"SETTING_TO_CURRENT_STATE");
        isWhiteListSaleActive = _isWhiteListSaleActive;
    }

    function setPublicSale(bool _isPublicSaleActive,uint256 _saleStartTimestamp,uint256 _saleStopTimestamp) external onlyOwner {
        require(isPublicSaleActive != _isPublicSaleActive || saleStartTimestamp!=_saleStartTimestamp || saleStopTimestamp!=_saleStopTimestamp, "SETTING_CURRENT_PUBLIC_SALE_CONFIG");
        isPublicSaleActive = _isPublicSaleActive;
        saleStartTimestamp = _saleStartTimestamp;
        saleStopTimestamp = _saleStopTimestamp;
    }

    function setDutchAuctionStatus(bool _isDutchAuctionActive) external onlyOwner {
        require(isDutchAuctionActive != _isDutchAuctionActive,"SETTING_TO_CURRENT_STATE");
        isDutchAuctionActive = _isDutchAuctionActive;
    }

    function setDutchAuction(
        uint256 _auctionStartTimestamp, 
        uint256 _auctionTimeStep, 
        uint256 _auctionStartPrice, 
        uint256 _auctionEndPrice, 
        uint256 _auctionPriceStep, 
        uint256 _auctionStepNumber
    ) external onlyOwner {
        auctionStartTimestamp = _auctionStartTimestamp;
        auctionTimeStep = _auctionTimeStep;
        auctionStartPrice = _auctionStartPrice;
        auctionEndPrice = _auctionEndPrice;
        auctionPriceStep = _auctionPriceStep;
        auctionStepNumber = _auctionStepNumber;
    }

    function getDutchAuctionPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
        require(isDutchAuctionActive, "DUTCH_AUCTION_NOT_ACTIVE");
        if (block.timestamp < auctionStartTimestamp) {
            return auctionStartPrice;
        } else {
            // calculate step
            uint256 step = (block.timestamp - auctionStartTimestamp) / auctionTimeStep;
            if (step > auctionStepNumber) {
                step = auctionStepNumber;
            }

            // claculate final price
            if (auctionStartPrice > step * auctionPriceStep){
                return auctionStartPrice - step * auctionPriceStep;
            } else {
                return auctionEndPrice;
            }
        }
    }


    // Verification functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function isWhiteListSaleEligible(uint256 _MAX_CLAIMED_ON_WHITELIST_SALE, uint256 _START_MINT_TIMESTAMP, uint256 _STOP_MINT_TIMESTAMP, bytes memory _SIGNATURE) public view returns (bool){
        address recoveredAddr = ECDSA.recover(_hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
            keccak256("VERIFY(address addressForWhiteListSale,uint256 maxClaimedOnWhiteListSale,uint256 startTimestamp,uint256 stopTimestamp)"),
            _msgSender(),
            _MAX_CLAIMED_ON_WHITELIST_SALE,
            _START_MINT_TIMESTAMP,
            _STOP_MINT_TIMESTAMP
        ))), _SIGNATURE);
        
        return _signer == recoveredAddr;
    }


    // Mint functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function mintWhiteListSaleBBCS(
        uint256 quantity, 
        uint256 _MAX_CLAIMED_ON_WHITELIST_SALE, 
        uint256 _START_MINT_TIMESTAMP, 
        uint256 _STOP_MINT_TIMESTAMP, 
        bytes memory _SIGNATURE
    )
        external
        payable
        onlyWhiteListSale
        callerIsUser
    {
        require(isWhiteListSaleEligible(_MAX_CLAIMED_ON_WHITELIST_SALE, _START_MINT_TIMESTAMP, _STOP_MINT_TIMESTAMP, _SIGNATURE), "NOT_ELIGIBLE_FOR_WHITELIST_SALE");
        require(block.timestamp >= _START_MINT_TIMESTAMP && block.timestamp <= _STOP_MINT_TIMESTAMP, "NOT_ON_WHITELIST_SALE_MINTING_TIME");
        require(quantity > 0 && whiteListSaleClaimed[ msg.sender ] + quantity <= _MAX_CLAIMED_ON_WHITELIST_SALE, "EXCEEDS_MAX_CLAIMED_NUM_ON_ADDR_OR_BELOW_ONE");
        require(BBC_PRICE * quantity == msg.value, "SENDING_INVALID_ETHERS");
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_BBCS, "EXCEEDS_MAX_SUPPLY");

        uint supply = totalSupply();

        for(uint i=0; i < quantity; i++){
            _mint( msg.sender, supply+i );
        }
        whiteListSaleClaimed[msg.sender] += quantity;
        
    }

    function mintPublicSaleBBCS(uint256 quantity) external payable onlyPublicSale callerIsUser {
        require(quantity > 0 && quantity <= MAX_MINT_PER_TX, "EXCEEDS_MAX_MINT_PER_TX_OR_BELOW_ONE");
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE, "EXCEEDS_MAX_CLAIMED_NUM_ON_PUBLIC_SALE");
        require(BBC_PRICE * quantity == msg.value, "SENDING_INVALID_ETHERS");

        uint supply = totalSupply();

        for(uint i=0; i < quantity; i++){
            _mint( msg.sender, supply+i );
        }
    }
    
    function mintDutchAuctionBBCS(uint quantity) external payable onlyDutchAuction callerIsUser {
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_BBCS_ON_TIER_SALE, "EXCEEDS_MAX_CLAIMED_NUM_ON_DUTCH_AUCTION");
        require(quantity > 0 && quantity <= MAX_MINT_PER_TX, "EXCEEDS_MAX_MINT_PER_TX_OR_BELOW_ONE");
        require(getDutchAuctionPrice() * quantity <= msg.value, "SENDING_INSUFFICIENT_ETHERS");

        uint supply = totalSupply();

        for(uint i=0; i < quantity; i++){
            _mint( msg.sender, supply+i );
        }
    }

    function ownerClaimBBCS(uint256 quantity, address addr) external onlyOwner {
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_BBCS, "EXCEEDS_MAX_SUPPLY");

        uint supply = totalSupply();

        for(uint256 i=0; i < quantity; i++){
            _mint( addr, supply+i );
        }
    }

    function ownerClaimCBBCIds(uint256[] memory id, address addr) external onlyOwner {
        for(uint i=0; i < id.length; i++){
            _mint( addr, id[i]);
        }
    }    


    // Base URI Functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function setURI(string calldata __tokenURI) external onlyOwner {
        _baseTokenURI = __tokenURI;
        emit BaseTokenURIChanged(__tokenURI);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "TOKEN_NOT_EXISTS");
        
        return string(abi.encodePacked(_baseTokenURI, tokenId.toString()));
    }


    // Internal functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint tokenId) internal override {
        if( from != address(0) ){
            --_balances[from];
        }
        
        if( to != address(0) ){
            ++_balances[to];
        }
        
    }


    // Signer functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function setSigner(address __signer) external onlyOwner {
        require(__signer != address(0), "SETTING_ZERO_ADDRESS");
        require(_signer != __signer, "SETTING_CURRENT_ADDRESS");

        _signer = __signer;
    }


    // Other functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }


}
// File: contracts/ERC721EnumerableGasOptimization.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

import "./ERC721GasOptimization.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol";

abstract contract ERC721EnumerableGasOptimization is ERC721GasOptimization, IERC721Enumerable {
    mapping(address => uint) internal _balances;

    function isOwnerOf( address account, uint[] calldata tokenIds ) external view virtual returns( bool ){
        for(uint i; i < tokenIds.length; ++i ){
            if( _owners[ tokenIds[i] ] != account )
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721GasOptimization) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint index) public view override returns (uint tokenId) {
        uint count;
        for( uint i; i < _owners.length; ++i ){
            if( owner == _owners[i] ){
                if( count == index )
                    return i;
                else
                    ++count;
            }
        }

        revert("ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
    }

    function tokenByIndex(uint index) external view virtual override returns (uint) {
        require(index < totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return index;
    }

    function totalSupply() public view virtual override( ERC721GasOptimization, IERC721Enumerable ) returns (uint) {
        return _owners.length - (_offset + _burned);
    }

    function transferBatch( address from, address to, uint[] calldata tokenIds, bytes calldata data ) external{
        for(uint i; i < tokenIds.length; ++i ){
            safeTransferFrom( from, to, tokenIds[i], data );
        }
    }

    function tokensOfOwner( address account ) external view virtual returns( uint[] memory ){
        uint quantity = balanceOf( account );
        uint[] memory wallet = new uint[]( quantity );
        for( uint i; i < quantity; ++i ){
            wallet[i] = tokenOfOwnerByIndex( account, i );
        }
        return wallet;
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
 * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
 * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract EIP712 {
    /* solhint-disable var-name-mixedcase */
    // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
    // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
    bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
    uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
    address private immutable _CACHED_THIS;

    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_NAME;
    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_VERSION;
    bytes32 private immutable _TYPE_HASH;

    /* solhint-enable var-name-mixedcase */

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
        bytes32 hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
        bytes32 hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
        bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );
        _HASHED_NAME = hashedName;
        _HASHED_VERSION = hashedVersion;
        _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
        _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(typeHash, hashedName, hashedVersion);
        _CACHED_THIS = address(this);
        _TYPE_HASH = typeHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(this) == _CACHED_THIS && block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID) {
            return _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
        } else {
            return _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME, _HASHED_VERSION);
        }
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator(
        bytes32 typeHash,
        bytes32 nameHash,
        bytes32 versionHash
    ) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return ECDSA.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // Check the signature length
        // - case 65: r,s,v signature (standard)
        // - case 64: r,vs signature (cf https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) _Available since v4.1._
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else if (signature.length == 64) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 vs;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                vs := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s;
        uint8 v;
        assembly {
            s := and(vs, 0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
            v := add(shr(255, vs), 27)
        }
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }
        if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}

// File: contracts/ERC721GasOptimization.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

abstract contract ERC721GasOptimization is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, Ownable {
    using Address for address;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    uint internal _burned;
    uint internal _offset;
    address[] internal _owners;

    mapping(uint => address) internal _tokenApprovals;
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint offset) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _offset = offset;
        for(uint i; i < _offset; ++i ){
            _owners.push(address(0));
        }
    }

    //public
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: balance query for the zero address");

        uint count;
        for( uint i; i < _owners.length; ++i ){
          if( owner == _owners[i] )
            ++count;
        }
        return count;
    }

    function name() external view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    function ownerOf(uint tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token");
        return owner;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function symbol() external view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint) {
        return _owners.length - (_offset + _burned);
    }


    function approve(address to, uint tokenId) external virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721GasOptimization.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    function getApproved(uint tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token");
        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external virtual override {
        require(operator != _msgSender(), "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }


    //internal
    function _approve(address to, uint tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721GasOptimization.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    function _burn(uint tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721GasOptimization.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);
        _owners[tokenId] = address(0);

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    function _exists(uint tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return tokenId < _owners.length && _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
    }

    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token");
        address owner = ERC721GasOptimization.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || getApproved(tokenId) == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
    }

    function _mint(address to, uint tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
        _owners.push(to);

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    function _next() internal view virtual returns( uint ){
        return _owners.length;
    }

    function _safeMint(address to, uint tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721GasOptimization.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer of token that is not own");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}