// File: contracts/examples/erc1155-transfer/FxERC1155RootTunnel.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {ERC1155} from "../../lib/ERC1155.sol";
import {ERC1155Holder} from "../../lib/ERC1155Holder.sol" ;
import { Create2 } from "../../lib/Create2.sol";
import { FxBaseRootTunnel } from "../../tunnel/FxBaseRootTunnel.sol";

contract FxERC1155RootTunnel is FxBaseRootTunnel, Create2, ERC1155Holder {
    bytes32 public constant DEPOSIT = keccak256("DEPOSIT");
    bytes32 public constant DEPOSIT_BATCH = keccak256("DEPOSIT_BATCH");
    bytes32 public constant WITHDRAW = keccak256("WITHDRAW");
    bytes32 public constant WITHDRAW_BATCH = keccak256("WITHDRAW_BATCH");
    bytes32 public constant MAP_TOKEN = keccak256("MAP_TOKEN");
    
    event TokenMappedERC1155(address indexed rootToken, address indexed childToken);
    event FxWithdrawERC1155(address indexed rootToken, address indexed childToken, address indexed userAddress, uint256 id, uint256 amount);
    event FxDepositERC1155(address indexed rootToken, address indexed depositor, address indexed userAddress, uint256 id, uint256 amount);
    event FxWithdrawBatchERC1155(address indexed rootToken, address indexed childToken, address indexed userAddress, uint256[] ids, uint256[] amounts);
    event FxDepositBatchERC1155(address indexed rootToken, address indexed userAddress, uint256[] ids, uint256[] amounts);

    mapping(address => address) public rootToChildTokens;
    bytes32 public childTokenTemplateCodeHash;
    
    constructor(address _checkpointManager, address _fxRoot, address _fxERC1155Token) FxBaseRootTunnel(_checkpointManager, _fxRoot) {
        childTokenTemplateCodeHash = keccak256(minimalProxyCreationCode(_fxERC1155Token));
    }
    
    function mapToken(address rootToken) public {
        require(rootToChildTokens[rootToken] == address(0x0), "FxERC1155RootTunnel: ALREADY_MAPPED");

        ERC1155 rootTokenContract = ERC1155(rootToken);
        string memory uri = rootTokenContract.uri(0); //token Id?

        // MAP_TOKEN, encode(rootToken,uri)
        bytes memory message = abi.encode(MAP_TOKEN, abi.encode(rootToken,uri));
        _sendMessageToChild(message);

        // compute child token address before deployment using create2
        bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(rootToken));
        address childToken = computedCreate2Address(salt, childTokenTemplateCodeHash, fxChildTunnel);

        // add into mapped tokens
        rootToChildTokens[rootToken] = childToken;
         emit TokenMappedERC1155(rootToken, childToken);
    }
    
    function deposit(address rootToken, address user, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) public {
        // map token if not mapped
        if (rootToChildTokens[rootToken] == address(0x0)) {
            mapToken(rootToken);
        }

        // transfer from depositor to this contract
        ERC1155(rootToken).safeTransferFrom(
            msg.sender,    // depositor
            address(this), // manager contract
            id,
            amount,
            data
        );

        // DEPOSIT, encode(rootToken, depositor, user, id, amount, extra data)
        bytes memory message = abi.encode(DEPOSIT, abi.encode(rootToken, msg.sender, user, id, amount, data));
        _sendMessageToChild(message);
        emit FxDepositERC1155(rootToken, msg.sender, user, id, amount);
    }
    
    function depositBatch(address rootToken, address user, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) public {
        // map token if not mapped
        if (rootToChildTokens[rootToken] == address(0x0)) {
            mapToken(rootToken);
        }

        // transfer from depositor to this contract
        ERC1155(rootToken).safeBatchTransferFrom(
            msg.sender,    // depositor
            address(this), // manager contract
            ids,
            amounts,
            data
        );

        // DEPOSIT_BATCH, encode(rootToken, depositor, user, id, amount, extra data)
        bytes memory message = abi.encode(DEPOSIT_BATCH, abi.encode(rootToken, msg.sender, user, ids, amounts, data));
        _sendMessageToChild(message);
        emit FxDepositBatchERC1155(rootToken, user, ids, amounts);
    }
    
    function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory data) internal override {
        (bytes32 syncType, bytes memory syncData) = abi.decode(data, (bytes32, bytes));
        
        if(syncType == WITHDRAW) {
            _syncWithdraw(syncData);
        }
         
        else if(syncType == WITHDRAW_BATCH) {
            _syncBatchWithdraw(syncData);
        }
        
        else {
            revert("FxERC1155RootTunnel: INVALID_SYNC_TYPE");
        }
            
    }
    
    function _syncWithdraw(bytes memory syncData) internal {
        (address rootToken, address childToken, address user, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(syncData, (address, address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes));
        require(rootToChildTokens[rootToken] == childToken, "FxERC1155RootTunnel: INVALID_MAPPING_ON_EXIT");
        ERC1155(rootToken).safeTransferFrom(address(this), user, id, amount, data);
        emit FxWithdrawERC1155(rootToken, childToken, user, id, amount);
    }
    
    function _syncBatchWithdraw(bytes memory syncData) internal {
        (address rootToken, address childToken, address user, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(syncData, (address, address, address, uint256[], uint256[], bytes));
        require(rootToChildTokens[rootToken] == childToken, "FxERC1155RootTunnel: INVALID_MAPPING_ON_EXIT");
        ERC1155(rootToken).safeBatchTransferFrom(address(this), user, ids, amounts, data);
        emit FxWithdrawBatchERC1155(rootToken, childToken, user, ids, amounts);
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/ERC1155.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC1155.sol";
import "./IERC1155Receiver.sol";
import "./IERC1155MetadataURI.sol";
import "./Address.sol";
import "./Context.sol";
import "./ERC165.sol";

/**
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the basic standard multi-token.
 * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155
 * Originally based on code by Enjin: https://github.com/enjin/erc-1155
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
contract ERC1155 is Context, ERC165, IERC1155, IERC1155MetadataURI {
    using Address for address;

    // Mapping from token ID to account balances
    mapping (uint256 => mapping(address => uint256)) private _balances;

    // Mapping from account to operator approvals
    mapping (address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // Used as the URI for all token types by relying on ID substitution, e.g. https://token-cdn-domain/{id}.json
    string private _uri;


    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC1155).interfaceId
            || interfaceId == type(IERC1155MetadataURI).interfaceId
            || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155MetadataURI-uri}.
     *
     * This implementation returns the same URI for *all* token types. It relies
     * on the token type ID substitution mechanism
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata[defined in the EIP].
     *
     * Clients calling this function must replace the `\{id\}` substring with the
     * actual token type ID.
     */
    function uri(uint256) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _uri;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-balanceOf}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC1155: balance query for the zero address");
        return _balances[id][account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-balanceOfBatch}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `accounts` and `ids` must have the same length.
     */
    function balanceOfBatch(
        address[] memory accounts,
        uint256[] memory ids
    )
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        require(accounts.length == ids.length, "ERC1155: accounts and ids length mismatch");

        uint256[] memory batchBalances = new uint256[](accounts.length);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < accounts.length; ++i) {
            batchBalances[i] = balanceOf(accounts[i], ids[i]);
        }

        return batchBalances;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        require(_msgSender() != operator, "ERC1155: setting approval status for self");

        _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[account][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes memory data
    )
        public
        virtual
        override
    {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: transfer to the zero address");
        require(
            from == _msgSender() || isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSender()),
            "ERC1155: caller is not owner nor approved"
        );

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, from, to, _asSingletonArray(id), _asSingletonArray(amount), data);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: insufficient balance for transfer");
        _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
        _balances[id][to] += amount;

        emit TransferSingle(operator, from, to, id, amount);

        _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, from, to, id, amount, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155-safeBatchTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256[] memory ids,
        uint256[] memory amounts,
        bytes memory data
    )
        public
        virtual
        override
    {
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: transfer to the zero address");
        require(
            from == _msgSender() || isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSender()),
            "ERC1155: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
        );

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, from, to, ids, amounts, data);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; ++i) {
            uint256 id = ids[i];
            uint256 amount = amounts[i];

            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
            require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: insufficient balance for transfer");
            _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
            _balances[id][to] += amount;
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, from, to, ids, amounts);

        _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, from, to, ids, amounts, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets a new URI for all token types, by relying on the token type ID
     * substitution mechanism
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata[defined in the EIP].
     *
     * By this mechanism, any occurrence of the `\{id\}` substring in either the
     * URI or any of the amounts in the JSON file at said URI will be replaced by
     * clients with the token type ID.
     *
     * For example, the `https://token-cdn-domain/\{id\}.json` URI would be
     * interpreted by clients as
     * `https://token-cdn-domain/000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004cce0.json`
     * for token type ID 0x4cce0.
     *
     * See {uri}.
     *
     * Because these URIs cannot be meaningfully represented by the {URI} event,
     * this function emits no events.
     */
    function _setURI(string memory newuri) internal virtual {
        _uri = newuri;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates `amount` tokens of token type `id`, and assigns them to `account`.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferSingle} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - If `account` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC1155: mint to the zero address");

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, address(0), account, _asSingletonArray(id), _asSingletonArray(amount), data);

        _balances[id][account] += amount;
        emit TransferSingle(operator, address(0), account, id, amount);

        _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, address(0), account, id, amount, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {_mint}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `ids` and `amounts` must have the same length.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function _mintBatch(address to, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: mint to the zero address");
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, address(0), to, ids, amounts, data);

        for (uint i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            _balances[ids[i]][to] += amounts[i];
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, address(0), to, ids, amounts);

        _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, address(0), to, ids, amounts, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens of token type `id` from `account`
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens of token type `id`.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 id, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC1155: burn from the zero address");

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, account, address(0), _asSingletonArray(id), _asSingletonArray(amount), "");

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[id][account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[id][account] = accountBalance - amount;

        emit TransferSingle(operator, account, address(0), id, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {_burn}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `ids` and `amounts` must have the same length.
     */
    function _burnBatch(address account, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC1155: burn from the zero address");
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");

        address operator = _msgSender();

        _beforeTokenTransfer(operator, account, address(0), ids, amounts, "");

        for (uint i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            uint256 id = ids[i];
            uint256 amount = amounts[i];

            uint256 accountBalance = _balances[id][account];
            require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: burn amount exceeds balance");
            _balances[id][account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, account, address(0), ids, amounts);
    }
    
    function _setupMetaData(string memory uri_) internal virtual {
        _setURI(uri_);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning, as well as batched variants.
     *
     * The same hook is called on both single and batched variants. For single
     * transfers, the length of the `id` and `amount` arrays will be 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions (for each `id` and `amount` pair):
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * of token type `id` will be  transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `amount` tokens of token type `id` will be minted
     * for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens of token type `id`
     * will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `ids` and `amounts` have the same, non-zero length.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address operator,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256[] memory ids,
        uint256[] memory amounts,
        bytes memory data
    )
        internal
        virtual
    { }

    function _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck(
        address operator,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes memory data
    )
        private
    {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155Received(operator, from, id, amount, data) returns (bytes4 response) {
                if (response != IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155Received.selector) {
                    revert("ERC1155: ERC1155Receiver rejected tokens");
                }
            } catch Error(string memory reason) {
                revert(reason);
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1155: transfer to non ERC1155Receiver implementer");
            }
        }
    }

    function _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck(
        address operator,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256[] memory ids,
        uint256[] memory amounts,
        bytes memory data
    )
        private
    {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155BatchReceived(operator, from, ids, amounts, data) returns (bytes4 response) {
                if (response != IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155BatchReceived.selector) {
                    revert("ERC1155: ERC1155Receiver rejected tokens");
                }
            } catch Error(string memory reason) {
                revert(reason);
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1155: transfer to non ERC1155Receiver implementer");
            }
        }
    }

    function _asSingletonArray(uint256 element) private pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
        uint256[] memory array = new uint256[](1);
        array[0] = element;

        return array;
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/ERC1155Holder.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ERC1155Receiver.sol";

/**
 * @dev _Available since v3.1._
 */
contract ERC1155Holder is ERC1155Receiver {
    function onERC1155Received(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes memory) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155Received.selector;
    }

    function onERC1155BatchReceived(address, address, uint256[] memory, uint256[] memory, bytes memory) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector;
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/Create2.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


// Create2 adds common methods for minimal proxy with create2
abstract contract Create2 {
    // creates clone using minimal proxy
    function createClone(bytes32 _salt, address _target) internal returns (address _result) {
        bytes20 _targetBytes = bytes20(_target);

        assembly {
            let clone := mload(0x40)
            mstore(clone, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(clone, 0x14), _targetBytes)
            mstore(add(clone, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000)
            _result := create2(0, clone, 0x37, _salt)
        }

        require(_result != address(0), "Create2: Failed on minimal deploy");
    }

    // get minimal proxy creation code
    function minimalProxyCreationCode(address logic) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes10 creation = 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3;
        bytes10 prefix = 0x363d3d373d3d3d363d73;
        bytes20 targetBytes = bytes20(logic);
        bytes15 suffix = 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3;
        return abi.encodePacked(creation, prefix, targetBytes, suffix);
    }

    // get computed create2 address
    function computedCreate2Address(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash, address deployer) public pure returns (address) {
        bytes32 _data = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0xff), deployer, salt, bytecodeHash)
        );
        return address(uint160(uint256(_data)));
    }
}

// File: contracts/tunnel/FxBaseRootTunnel.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


import {RLPReader} from "../lib/RLPReader.sol";
import {MerklePatriciaProof} from "../lib/MerklePatriciaProof.sol";
import {Merkle} from "../lib/Merkle.sol";


interface IFxStateSender {
    function sendMessageToChild(address _receiver, bytes calldata _data) external;
}

contract ICheckpointManager {
    struct HeaderBlock {
        bytes32 root;
        uint256 start;
        uint256 end;
        uint256 createdAt;
        address proposer;
    }

    /**
     * @notice mapping of checkpoint header numbers to block details
     * @dev These checkpoints are submited by plasma contracts
     */
    mapping(uint256 => HeaderBlock) public headerBlocks;
}

abstract contract FxBaseRootTunnel {
    using RLPReader for bytes;
    using RLPReader for RLPReader.RLPItem;
    using Merkle for bytes32;

    // keccak256(MessageSent(bytes))
    bytes32 public constant SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG = 0x8c5261668696ce22758910d05bab8f186d6eb247ceac2af2e82c7dc17669b036;

    // state sender contract
    IFxStateSender public fxRoot;
    // root chain manager
    ICheckpointManager public checkpointManager;
    // child tunnel contract which receives and sends messages 
    address public fxChildTunnel;

    // storage to avoid duplicate exits
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public processedExits;

    constructor(address _checkpointManager, address _fxRoot) {
        checkpointManager = ICheckpointManager(_checkpointManager);
        fxRoot = IFxStateSender(_fxRoot);
    }

    // set fxChildTunnel if not set already
    function setFxChildTunnel(address _fxChildTunnel) public {
        require(fxChildTunnel == address(0x0), "FxBaseRootTunnel: CHILD_TUNNEL_ALREADY_SET");
        fxChildTunnel = _fxChildTunnel;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Send bytes message to Child Tunnel
     * @param message bytes message that will be sent to Child Tunnel
     * some message examples -
     *   abi.encode(tokenId);
     *   abi.encode(tokenId, tokenMetadata);
     *   abi.encode(messageType, messageData);
     */
    function _sendMessageToChild(bytes memory message) internal {
        fxRoot.sendMessageToChild(fxChildTunnel, message);
    }

    function _validateAndExtractMessage(bytes memory inputData) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory inputDataRLPList = inputData
            .toRlpItem()
            .toList();

        // checking if exit has already been processed
        // unique exit is identified using hash of (blockNumber, branchMask, receiptLogIndex)
        bytes32 exitHash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
                inputDataRLPList[2].toUint(), // blockNumber
                // first 2 nibbles are dropped while generating nibble array
                // this allows branch masks that are valid but bypass exitHash check (changing first 2 nibbles only)
                // so converting to nibble array and then hashing it
                MerklePatriciaProof._getNibbleArray(inputDataRLPList[8].toBytes()), // branchMask
                inputDataRLPList[9].toUint() // receiptLogIndex
            )
        );
        require(
            processedExits[exitHash] == false,
            "FxRootTunnel: EXIT_ALREADY_PROCESSED"
        );
        processedExits[exitHash] = true;

        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory receiptRLPList = inputDataRLPList[6]
            .toBytes()
            .toRlpItem()
            .toList();
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory logRLP = receiptRLPList[3]
            .toList()[
                inputDataRLPList[9].toUint() // receiptLogIndex
            ];

        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory logRLPList = logRLP.toList();
        
        // check child tunnel
        require(fxChildTunnel == RLPReader.toAddress(logRLPList[0]), "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_FX_CHILD_TUNNEL");

        // verify receipt inclusion
        require(
            MerklePatriciaProof.verify(
                inputDataRLPList[6].toBytes(), // receipt
                inputDataRLPList[8].toBytes(), // branchMask
                inputDataRLPList[7].toBytes(), // receiptProof
                bytes32(inputDataRLPList[5].toUint()) // receiptRoot
            ),
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_RECEIPT_PROOF"
        );

        // verify checkpoint inclusion
        _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
            inputDataRLPList[2].toUint(), // blockNumber
            inputDataRLPList[3].toUint(), // blockTime
            bytes32(inputDataRLPList[4].toUint()), // txRoot
            bytes32(inputDataRLPList[5].toUint()), // receiptRoot
            inputDataRLPList[0].toUint(), // headerNumber
            inputDataRLPList[1].toBytes() // blockProof
        );

        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory logTopicRLPList = logRLPList[1].toList(); // topics

        require(
            bytes32(logTopicRLPList[0].toUint()) == SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG, // topic0 is event sig
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_SIGNATURE"
        );

        // received message data
        bytes memory receivedData = logRLPList[2].toBytes();
        (bytes memory message) = abi.decode(receivedData, (bytes)); // event decodes params again, so decoding bytes to get message
        return message;
    }

    function _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
        uint256 blockNumber,
        uint256 blockTime,
        bytes32 txRoot,
        bytes32 receiptRoot,
        uint256 headerNumber,
        bytes memory blockProof
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        (
            bytes32 headerRoot,
            uint256 startBlock,
            ,
            uint256 createdAt,

        ) = checkpointManager.headerBlocks(headerNumber);

        require(
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(blockNumber, blockTime, txRoot, receiptRoot)
            )
                .checkMembership(
                blockNumber-startBlock,
                headerRoot,
                blockProof
            ),
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_HEADER"
        );
        return createdAt;
    }

    /**
     * @notice receive message from  L2 to L1, validated by proof
     * @dev This function verifies if the transaction actually happened on child chain
     *
     * @param inputData RLP encoded data of the reference tx containing following list of fields
     *  0 - headerNumber - Checkpoint header block number containing the reference tx
     *  1 - blockProof - Proof that the block header (in the child chain) is a leaf in the submitted merkle root
     *  2 - blockNumber - Block number containing the reference tx on child chain
     *  3 - blockTime - Reference tx block time
     *  4 - txRoot - Transactions root of block
     *  5 - receiptRoot - Receipts root of block
     *  6 - receipt - Receipt of the reference transaction
     *  7 - receiptProof - Merkle proof of the reference receipt
     *  8 - branchMask - 32 bits denoting the path of receipt in merkle tree
     *  9 - receiptLogIndex - Log Index to read from the receipt
     */
    function receiveMessage(bytes memory inputData) public virtual {
        bytes memory message = _validateAndExtractMessage(inputData);
        _processMessageFromChild(message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Process message received from Child Tunnel
     * @dev function needs to be implemented to handle message as per requirement
     * This is called by onStateReceive function.
     * Since it is called via a system call, any event will not be emitted during its execution.
     * @param message bytes message that was sent from Child Tunnel
     */
    function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory message) virtual internal;
}
// File: contracts/lib/IERC1155.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC1155 compliant contract, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155[EIP].
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens of token type `id` are transferred from `from` to `to` by `operator`.
     */
    event TransferSingle(address indexed operator, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 id, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to multiple {TransferSingle} events, where `operator`, `from` and `to` are the same for all
     * transfers.
     */
    event TransferBatch(address indexed operator, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256[] ids, uint256[] values);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer their tokens, according to
     * `approved`.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed account, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the URI for token type `id` changes to `value`, if it is a non-programmatic URI.
     *
     * If an {URI} event was emitted for `id`, the standard
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata-extensions[guarantees] that `value` will equal the value
     * returned by {IERC1155MetadataURI-uri}.
     */
    event URI(string value, uint256 indexed id);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens of token type `id` owned by `account`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {balanceOf}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `accounts` and `ids` must have the same length.
     */
    function balanceOfBatch(address[] calldata accounts, uint256[] calldata ids) external view returns (uint256[] memory);

    /**
     * @dev Grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer the caller's tokens, according to `approved`,
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `operator` cannot be the caller.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `operator` is approved to transfer ``account``'s tokens.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `amount` tokens of token type `id` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferSingle} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been approved to spend ``from``'s tokens via {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - `from` must have a balance of tokens of type `id` of at least `amount`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {safeTransferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferBatch} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `ids` and `amounts` must have the same length.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256[] calldata ids, uint256[] calldata amounts, bytes calldata data) external;
}

// File: contracts/lib/IERC1155Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155Receiver is IERC165 {

    /**
        @dev Handles the receipt of a single ERC1155 token type. This function is
        called at the end of a `safeTransferFrom` after the balance has been updated.
        To accept the transfer, this must return
        `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))`
        (i.e. 0xf23a6e61, or its own function selector).
        @param operator The address which initiated the transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
        @param from The address which previously owned the token
        @param id The ID of the token being transferred
        @param value The amount of tokens being transferred
        @param data Additional data with no specified format
        @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
    */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    )
        external
        returns(bytes4);

    /**
        @dev Handles the receipt of a multiple ERC1155 token types. This function
        is called at the end of a `safeBatchTransferFrom` after the balances have
        been updated. To accept the transfer(s), this must return
        `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))`
        (i.e. 0xbc197c81, or its own function selector).
        @param operator The address which initiated the batch transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
        @param from The address which previously owned the token
        @param ids An array containing ids of each token being transferred (order and length must match values array)
        @param values An array containing amounts of each token being transferred (order and length must match ids array)
        @param data Additional data with no specified format
        @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
    */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes calldata data
    )
        external
        returns(bytes4);
}

// File: contracts/lib/IERC1155MetadataURI.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC1155.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface of the optional ERC1155MetadataExtension interface, as defined
 * in the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata-extensions[EIP].
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155MetadataURI is IERC1155 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the URI for token type `id`.
     *
     * If the `\{id\}` substring is present in the URI, it must be replaced by
     * clients with the actual token type ID.
     */
    function uri(uint256 id) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: contracts/lib/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
      return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/lib/ERC1155Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC1155Receiver.sol";
import "./ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev _Available since v3.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1155Receiver is ERC165, IERC1155Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC1155Receiver).interfaceId
            || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/RLPReader.sol



/*
* @author Hamdi Allam hamdi.allam97@gmail.com
* Please reach out with any questions or concerns
*/
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library RLPReader {
    uint8 constant STRING_SHORT_START = 0x80;
    uint8 constant STRING_LONG_START  = 0xb8;
    uint8 constant LIST_SHORT_START   = 0xc0;
    uint8 constant LIST_LONG_START    = 0xf8;
    uint8 constant WORD_SIZE = 32;

    struct RLPItem {
        uint len;
        uint memPtr;
    }

    struct Iterator {
        RLPItem item;   // Item that's being iterated over.
        uint nextPtr;   // Position of the next item in the list.
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the next element in the iteration. Reverts if it has not next element.
    * @param self The iterator.
    * @return The next element in the iteration.
    */
    function next(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        require(hasNext(self));

        uint ptr = self.nextPtr;
        uint itemLength = _itemLength(ptr);
        self.nextPtr = ptr + itemLength;

        return RLPItem(itemLength, ptr);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns true if the iteration has more elements.
    * @param self The iterator.
    * @return true if the iteration has more elements.
    */
    function hasNext(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPItem memory item = self.item;
        return self.nextPtr < item.memPtr + item.len;
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function toRlpItem(bytes memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        uint memPtr;
        assembly {
            memPtr := add(item, 0x20)
        }

        return RLPItem(item.length, memPtr);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Create an iterator. Reverts if item is not a list.
    * @param self The RLP item.
    * @return An 'Iterator' over the item.
    */
    function iterator(RLPItem memory self) internal pure returns (Iterator memory) {
        require(isList(self));

        uint ptr = self.memPtr + _payloadOffset(self.memPtr);
        return Iterator(self, ptr);
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function rlpLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return item.len;
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function payloadLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return item.len - _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded list in bytes
    */
    function toList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        require(isList(item));

        uint items = numItems(item);
        RLPItem[] memory result = new RLPItem[](items);

        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint dataLen;
        for (uint i = 0; i < items; i++) {
            dataLen = _itemLength(memPtr);
            result[i] = RLPItem(dataLen, memPtr); 
            memPtr = memPtr + dataLen;
        }

        return result;
    }

    // @return indicator whether encoded payload is a list. negate this function call for isData.
    function isList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        if (item.len == 0) return false;

        uint8 byte0;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toRlpBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function rlpBytesKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        uint256 ptr = item.memPtr;
        uint256 len = item.len;
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(ptr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    function payloadLocation(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint, uint) {
        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        uint len = item.len - offset; // data length
        return (memPtr, len);
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of the item payload.
     */
    function payloadKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (uint memPtr, uint len) = payloadLocation(item);
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(memPtr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    /** RLPItem conversions into data types **/

    // @returns raw rlp encoding in bytes
    function toRlpBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory result = new bytes(item.len);
        if (result.length == 0) return result;
        
        uint ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr, ptr, item.len);
        return result;
    }

    // any non-zero byte is considered true
    function toBoolean(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(item.len == 1);
        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            result := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        return result == 0 ? false : true;
    }

    function toAddress(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (address) {
        // 1 byte for the length prefix
        require(item.len == 21);

        return address(uint160(toUint(item)));
    }

    function toUint(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        require(item.len > 0 && item.len <= 33);

        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint len = item.len - offset;

        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)

            // shfit to the correct location if neccesary
            if lt(len, 32) {
                result := div(result, exp(256, sub(32, len)))
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    // enforces 32 byte length
    function toUintStrict(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        // one byte prefix
        require(item.len == 33);

        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + 1;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)
        }

        return result;
    }

    function toBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(item.len > 0);

        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint len = item.len - offset; // data length
        bytes memory result = new bytes(len);

        uint destPtr;
        assembly {
            destPtr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr + offset, destPtr, len);
        return result;
    }

    /*
    * Private Helpers
    */

    // @return number of payload items inside an encoded list.
    function numItems(RLPItem memory item) private pure returns (uint) {
        if (item.len == 0) return 0;

        uint count = 0;
        uint currPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint endPtr = item.memPtr + item.len;
        while (currPtr < endPtr) {
           currPtr = currPtr + _itemLength(currPtr); // skip over an item
           count++;
        }

        return count;
    }

    // @return entire rlp item byte length
    function _itemLength(uint memPtr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint itemLen;
        uint byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START)
            itemLen = 1;
        
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START)
            itemLen = byte0 - STRING_SHORT_START + 1;

        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START) {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xb7) // # of bytes the actual length is
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1) // skip over the first byte
                /* 32 byte word size */
                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to get the len
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        }

        else if (byte0 < LIST_LONG_START) {
            itemLen = byte0 - LIST_SHORT_START + 1;
        } 

        else {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xf7)
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1)

                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to the correct length
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        }

        return itemLen;
    }

    // @return number of bytes until the data
    function _payloadOffset(uint memPtr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START) 
            return 0;
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START || (byte0 >= LIST_SHORT_START && byte0 < LIST_LONG_START))
            return 1;
        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START)  // being explicit
            return byte0 - (STRING_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
        else
            return byte0 - (LIST_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
    }

    /*
    * @param src Pointer to source
    * @param dest Pointer to destination
    * @param len Amount of memory to copy from the source
    */
    function copy(uint src, uint dest, uint len) private pure {
        if (len == 0) return;

        // copy as many word sizes as possible
        for (; len >= WORD_SIZE; len -= WORD_SIZE) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }

            src += WORD_SIZE;
            dest += WORD_SIZE;
        }

        // left over bytes. Mask is used to remove unwanted bytes from the word
        uint mask = 256 ** (WORD_SIZE - len) - 1;
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask)) // zero out src
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask) // retrieve the bytes
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/lib/MerklePatriciaProof.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {RLPReader} from "./RLPReader.sol";

library MerklePatriciaProof {
    /*
     * @dev Verifies a merkle patricia proof.
     * @param value The terminating value in the trie.
     * @param encodedPath The path in the trie leading to value.
     * @param rlpParentNodes The rlp encoded stack of nodes.
     * @param root The root hash of the trie.
     * @return The boolean validity of the proof.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes memory value,
        bytes memory encodedPath,
        bytes memory rlpParentNodes,
        bytes32 root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory item = RLPReader.toRlpItem(rlpParentNodes);
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory parentNodes = RLPReader.toList(item);

        bytes memory currentNode;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory currentNodeList;

        bytes32 nodeKey = root;
        uint256 pathPtr = 0;

        bytes memory path = _getNibbleArray(encodedPath);
        if (path.length == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < parentNodes.length; i++) {
            if (pathPtr > path.length) {
                return false;
            }

            currentNode = RLPReader.toRlpBytes(parentNodes[i]);
            if (nodeKey != keccak256(currentNode)) {
                return false;
            }
            currentNodeList = RLPReader.toList(parentNodes[i]);

            if (currentNodeList.length == 17) {
                if (pathPtr == path.length) {
                    if (
                        keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[16])) ==
                        keccak256(value)
                    ) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                uint8 nextPathNibble = uint8(path[pathPtr]);
                if (nextPathNibble > 16) {
                    return false;
                }
                nodeKey = bytes32(
                    RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[nextPathNibble])
                );
                pathPtr += 1;
            } else if (currentNodeList.length == 2) {
                uint256 traversed = _nibblesToTraverse(
                    RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[0]),
                    path,
                    pathPtr
                );
                if (pathPtr + traversed == path.length) {
                    //leaf node
                    if (
                        keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[1])) ==
                        keccak256(value)
                    ) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                //extension node
                if (traversed == 0) {
                    return false;
                }

                pathPtr += traversed;
                nodeKey = bytes32(RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[1]));
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    function _nibblesToTraverse(
        bytes memory encodedPartialPath,
        bytes memory path,
        uint256 pathPtr
    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 len = 0;
        // encodedPartialPath has elements that are each two hex characters (1 byte), but partialPath
        // and slicedPath have elements that are each one hex character (1 nibble)
        bytes memory partialPath = _getNibbleArray(encodedPartialPath);
        bytes memory slicedPath = new bytes(partialPath.length);

        // pathPtr counts nibbles in path
        // partialPath.length is a number of nibbles
        for (uint256 i = pathPtr; i < pathPtr + partialPath.length; i++) {
            bytes1 pathNibble = path[i];
            slicedPath[i - pathPtr] = pathNibble;
        }

        if (keccak256(partialPath) == keccak256(slicedPath)) {
            len = partialPath.length;
        } else {
            len = 0;
        }
        return len;
    }

    // bytes b must be hp encoded
    function _getNibbleArray(bytes memory b)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes memory nibbles = "";
        if (b.length > 0) {
            uint8 offset;
            uint8 hpNibble = uint8(_getNthNibbleOfBytes(0, b));
            if (hpNibble == 1 || hpNibble == 3) {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 1);
                bytes1 oddNibble = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(1, b);
                nibbles[0] = oddNibble;
                offset = 1;
            } else {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 2);
                offset = 0;
            }

            for (uint256 i = offset; i < nibbles.length; i++) {
                nibbles[i] = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(i - offset + 2, b);
            }
        }
        return nibbles;
    }

    function _getNthNibbleOfBytes(uint256 n, bytes memory str)
        private
        pure
        returns (bytes1)
    {
        return
            bytes1(
                n % 2 == 0 ? uint8(str[n / 2]) / 0x10 : uint8(str[n / 2]) % 0x10
            );
    }
}
// File: contracts/lib/Merkle.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library Merkle {
    function checkMembership(
        bytes32 leaf,
        uint256 index,
        bytes32 rootHash,
        bytes memory proof
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(proof.length % 32 == 0, "Invalid proof length");
        uint256 proofHeight = proof.length / 32;
        // Proof of size n means, height of the tree is n+1.
        // In a tree of height n+1, max #leafs possible is 2 ^ n
        require(index < 2 ** proofHeight, "Leaf index is too big");

        bytes32 proofElement;
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 32; i <= proof.length; i += 32) {
            assembly {
                proofElement := mload(add(proof, i))
            }

            if (index % 2 == 0) {
                computedHash = keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement)
                );
            } else {
                computedHash = keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash)
                );
            }

            index = index / 2;
        }
        return computedHash == rootHash;
    }
}