// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be aplied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
contract Ownable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        _owner = msg.sender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), _owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(isOwner(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the caller is the current owner.
     */
    function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * > Note: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

// File: @daostack/infra/contracts/Reputation.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.4;



/**
 * @title Reputation system
 * @dev A DAO has Reputation System which allows peers to rate other peers in order to build trust .
 * A reputation is use to assign influence measure to a DAO'S peers.
 * Reputation is similar to regular tokens but with one crucial difference: It is non-transferable.
 * The Reputation contract maintain a map of address to reputation value.
 * It provides an onlyOwner functions to mint and burn reputation _to (or _from) a specific address.
 */

contract Reputation is Ownable {

    uint8 public decimals = 18;             //Number of decimals of the smallest unit
    // Event indicating minting of reputation to an address.
    event Mint(address indexed _to, uint256 _amount);
    // Event indicating burning of reputation for an address.
    event Burn(address indexed _from, uint256 _amount);

      /// @dev `Checkpoint` is the structure that attaches a block number to a
      ///  given value, the block number attached is the one that last changed the
      ///  value
    struct Checkpoint {

    // `fromBlock` is the block number that the value was generated from
        uint128 fromBlock;

          // `value` is the amount of reputation at a specific block number
        uint128 value;
    }

      // `balances` is the map that tracks the balance of each address, in this
      //  contract when the balance changes the block number that the change
      //  occurred is also included in the map
    mapping (address => Checkpoint[]) balances;

      // Tracks the history of the `totalSupply` of the reputation
    Checkpoint[] totalSupplyHistory;

    /// @notice Constructor to create a Reputation
    constructor(
    ) public
    {
    }

    /// @dev This function makes it easy to get the total number of reputation
    /// @return The total number of reputation
    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return totalSupplyAt(block.number);
    }

  ////////////////
  // Query balance and totalSupply in History
  ////////////////
    /**
    * @dev return the reputation amount of a given owner
    * @param _owner an address of the owner which we want to get his reputation
    */
    function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance) {
        return balanceOfAt(_owner, block.number);
    }

      /// @dev Queries the balance of `_owner` at a specific `_blockNumber`
      /// @param _owner The address from which the balance will be retrieved
      /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the balance is queried
      /// @return The balance at `_blockNumber`
    function balanceOfAt(address _owner, uint256 _blockNumber)
    public view returns (uint256)
    {
        if ((balances[_owner].length == 0) || (balances[_owner][0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
            return 0;
          // This will return the expected balance during normal situations
        } else {
            return getValueAt(balances[_owner], _blockNumber);
        }
    }

      /// @notice Total amount of reputation at a specific `_blockNumber`.
      /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the totalSupply is queried
      /// @return The total amount of reputation at `_blockNumber`
    function totalSupplyAt(uint256 _blockNumber) public view returns(uint256) {
        if ((totalSupplyHistory.length == 0) || (totalSupplyHistory[0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
            return 0;
          // This will return the expected totalSupply during normal situations
        } else {
            return getValueAt(totalSupplyHistory, _blockNumber);
        }
    }

      /// @notice Generates `_amount` reputation that are assigned to `_owner`
      /// @param _user The address that will be assigned the new reputation
      /// @param _amount The quantity of reputation generated
      /// @return True if the reputation are generated correctly
    function mint(address _user, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
        uint256 curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
        require(curTotalSupply + _amount >= curTotalSupply); // Check for overflow
        uint256 previousBalanceTo = balanceOf(_user);
        require(previousBalanceTo + _amount >= previousBalanceTo); // Check for overflow
        updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply + _amount);
        updateValueAtNow(balances[_user], previousBalanceTo + _amount);
        emit Mint(_user, _amount);
        return true;
    }

      /// @notice Burns `_amount` reputation from `_owner`
      /// @param _user The address that will lose the reputation
      /// @param _amount The quantity of reputation to burn
      /// @return True if the reputation are burned correctly
    function burn(address _user, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
        uint256 curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
        uint256 amountBurned = _amount;
        uint256 previousBalanceFrom = balanceOf(_user);
        if (previousBalanceFrom < amountBurned) {
            amountBurned = previousBalanceFrom;
        }
        updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply - amountBurned);
        updateValueAtNow(balances[_user], previousBalanceFrom - amountBurned);
        emit Burn(_user, amountBurned);
        return true;
    }

  ////////////////
  // Internal helper functions to query and set a value in a snapshot array
  ////////////////

      /// @dev `getValueAt` retrieves the number of reputation at a given block number
      /// @param checkpoints The history of values being queried
      /// @param _block The block number to retrieve the value at
      /// @return The number of reputation being queried
    function getValueAt(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint256 _block) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (checkpoints.length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

          // Shortcut for the actual value
        if (_block >= checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].fromBlock) {
            return checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].value;
        }
        if (_block < checkpoints[0].fromBlock) {
            return 0;
        }

          // Binary search of the value in the array
        uint256 min = 0;
        uint256 max = checkpoints.length-1;
        while (max > min) {
            uint256 mid = (max + min + 1) / 2;
            if (checkpoints[mid].fromBlock<=_block) {
                min = mid;
            } else {
                max = mid-1;
            }
        }
        return checkpoints[min].value;
    }

      /// @dev `updateValueAtNow` used to update the `balances` map and the
      ///  `totalSupplyHistory`
      /// @param checkpoints The history of data being updated
      /// @param _value The new number of reputation
    function updateValueAtNow(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint256 _value) internal {
        require(uint128(_value) == _value); //check value is in the 128 bits bounderies
        if ((checkpoints.length == 0) || (checkpoints[checkpoints.length - 1].fromBlock < block.number)) {
            Checkpoint storage newCheckPoint = checkpoints[checkpoints.length++];
            newCheckPoint.fromBlock = uint128(block.number);
            newCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
        } else {
            Checkpoint storage oldCheckPoint = checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1];
            oldCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
        }
    }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see `ERC20Detailed`.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a `Transfer` event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through `transferFrom`. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when `approve` or `transferFrom` are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * > Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an `Approval` event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a `Transfer` event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to `approve`. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, "SafeMath: division by zero");
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;



/**
 * @dev Implementation of the `IERC20` interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using `_mint`.
 * For a generic mechanism see `ERC20Mintable`.
 *
 * *For a detailed writeup see our guide [How to implement supply
 * mechanisms](https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226).*
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an `Approval` event is emitted on calls to `transferFrom`.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard `decreaseAllowance` and `increaseAllowance`
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See `IERC20.approve`.
 */
contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.totalSupply`.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.balanceOf`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.transfer`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.allowance`.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.approve`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.transferFrom`.
     *
     * Emits an `Approval` event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of `ERC20`;
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for `sender`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, msg.sender, _allowances[sender][msg.sender].sub(amount));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to `approve` that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in `IERC20.approve`.
     *
     * Emits an `Approval` event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(msg.sender, spender, _allowances[msg.sender][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to `approve` that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in `IERC20.approve`.
     *
     * Emits an `Approval` event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(msg.sender, spender, _allowances[msg.sender][spender].sub(subtractedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `transfer`, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a `Transfer` event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount);
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a `Transfer` event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

     /**
     * @dev Destoys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a `Transfer` event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(value);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(value);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`s tokens.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an `Approval` event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destoys `amount` tokens from `account`.`amount` is then deducted
     * from the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See `_burn` and `_approve`.
     */
    function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _burn(account, amount);
        _approve(account, msg.sender, _allowances[account][msg.sender].sub(amount));
    }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20Burnable.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;


/**
 * @dev Extension of `ERC20` that allows token holders to destroy both their own
 * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
 * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
 */
contract ERC20Burnable is ERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Destoys `amount` tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See `ERC20._burn`.
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) public {
        _burn(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `ERC20._burnFrom`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public {
        _burnFrom(account, amount);
    }
}

// File: contracts/controller/DAOToken.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;





/**
 * @title DAOToken, base on zeppelin contract.
 * @dev ERC20 compatible token. It is a mintable, burnable token.
 */

contract DAOToken is ERC20, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {

    string public name;
    string public symbol;
    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
    uint256 public cap;

    /**
    * @dev Constructor
    * @param _name - token name
    * @param _symbol - token symbol
    * @param _cap - token cap - 0 value means no cap
    */
    constructor(string memory _name, string memory _symbol, uint256 _cap)
    public {
        name = _name;
        symbol = _symbol;
        cap = _cap;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function to mint tokens
     * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint.
     */
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
        if (cap > 0)
            require(totalSupply().add(_amount) <= cap);
        _mint(_to, _amount);
        return true;
    }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/utils/Address.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type,
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * This test is non-exhaustive, and there may be false-negatives: during the
     * execution of a contract's constructor, its address will be reported as
     * not containing a contract.
     *
     * > It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies in extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
        return size > 0;
    }
}

// File: contracts/libs/SafeERC20.sol

/*

SafeERC20 by daostack.
The code is based on a fix by SECBIT Team.

USE WITH CAUTION & NO WARRANTY

REFERENCE & RELATED READING
- https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4116
- https://medium.com/@chris_77367/explaining-unexpected-reverts-starting-with-solidity-0-4-22-3ada6e82308c
- https://medium.com/coinmonks/missing-return-value-bug-at-least-130-tokens-affected-d67bf08521ca
- https://gist.github.com/BrendanChou/88a2eeb80947ff00bcf58ffdafeaeb61

*/
pragma solidity ^0.5.11;



library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    bytes4 constant private TRANSFER_SELECTOR = bytes4(keccak256(bytes("transfer(address,uint256)")));
    bytes4 constant private TRANSFERFROM_SELECTOR = bytes4(keccak256(bytes("transferFrom(address,address,uint256)")));
    bytes4 constant private APPROVE_SELECTOR = bytes4(keccak256(bytes("approve(address,uint256)")));

    function safeTransfer(address _erc20Addr, address _to, uint256 _value) internal {

        // Must be a contract addr first!
        require(_erc20Addr.isContract());

        (bool success, bytes memory returnValue) =
        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        _erc20Addr.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(TRANSFER_SELECTOR, _to, _value));
        // call return false when something wrong
        require(success);
        //check return value
        require(returnValue.length == 0 || (returnValue.length == 32 && (returnValue[31] != 0)));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address _erc20Addr, address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) internal {

        // Must be a contract addr first!
        require(_erc20Addr.isContract());

        (bool success, bytes memory returnValue) =
        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        _erc20Addr.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(TRANSFERFROM_SELECTOR, _from, _to, _value));
        // call return false when something wrong
        require(success);
        //check return value
        require(returnValue.length == 0 || (returnValue.length == 32 && (returnValue[31] != 0)));
    }

    function safeApprove(address _erc20Addr, address _spender, uint256 _value) internal {

        // Must be a contract addr first!
        require(_erc20Addr.isContract());

        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero.
        require((_value == 0) || (IERC20(_erc20Addr).allowance(address(this), _spender) == 0));

        (bool success, bytes memory returnValue) =
        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        _erc20Addr.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(APPROVE_SELECTOR, _spender, _value));
        // call return false when something wrong
        require(success);
        //check return value
        require(returnValue.length == 0 || (returnValue.length == 32 && (returnValue[31] != 0)));
    }
}

// File: contracts/controller/Avatar.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;







/**
 * @title An Avatar holds tokens, reputation and ether for a controller
 */
contract Avatar is Ownable {
    using SafeERC20 for address;

    string public orgName;
    DAOToken public nativeToken;
    Reputation public nativeReputation;

    event GenericCall(address indexed _contract, bytes _data, uint _value, bool _success);
    event SendEther(uint256 _amountInWei, address indexed _to);
    event ExternalTokenTransfer(address indexed _externalToken, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);
    event ExternalTokenTransferFrom(address indexed _externalToken, address _from, address _to, uint256 _value);
    event ExternalTokenApproval(address indexed _externalToken, address _spender, uint256 _value);
    event ReceiveEther(address indexed _sender, uint256 _value);
    event MetaData(string _metaData);

    /**
    * @dev the constructor takes organization name, native token and reputation system
    and creates an avatar for a controller
    */
    constructor(string memory _orgName, DAOToken _nativeToken, Reputation _nativeReputation) public {
        orgName = _orgName;
        nativeToken = _nativeToken;
        nativeReputation = _nativeReputation;
    }

    /**
    * @dev enables an avatar to receive ethers
    */
    function() external payable {
        emit ReceiveEther(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }

    /**
    * @dev perform a generic call to an arbitrary contract
    * @param _contract  the contract's address to call
    * @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_contract` address.
    * @param _value value (ETH) to transfer with the transaction
    * @return bool    success or fail
    *         bytes - the return bytes of the called contract's function.
    */
    function genericCall(address _contract, bytes memory _data, uint256 _value)
    public
    onlyOwner
    returns(bool success, bytes memory returnValue) {
      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-call-value
        (success, returnValue) = _contract.call.value(_value)(_data);
        emit GenericCall(_contract, _data, _value, success);
    }

    /**
    * @dev send ethers from the avatar's wallet
    * @param _amountInWei amount to send in Wei units
    * @param _to send the ethers to this address
    * @return bool which represents success
    */
    function sendEther(uint256 _amountInWei, address payable _to) public onlyOwner returns(bool) {
        _to.transfer(_amountInWei);
        emit SendEther(_amountInWei, _to);
        return true;
    }

    /**
    * @dev external token transfer
    * @param _externalToken the token contract
    * @param _to the destination address
    * @param _value the amount of tokens to transfer
    * @return bool which represents success
    */
    function externalTokenTransfer(IERC20 _externalToken, address _to, uint256 _value)
    public onlyOwner returns(bool)
    {
        address(_externalToken).safeTransfer(_to, _value);
        emit ExternalTokenTransfer(address(_externalToken), _to, _value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
    * @dev external token transfer from a specific account
    * @param _externalToken the token contract
    * @param _from the account to spend token from
    * @param _to the destination address
    * @param _value the amount of tokens to transfer
    * @return bool which represents success
    */
    function externalTokenTransferFrom(
        IERC20 _externalToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value
    )
    public onlyOwner returns(bool)
    {
        address(_externalToken).safeTransferFrom(_from, _to, _value);
        emit ExternalTokenTransferFrom(address(_externalToken), _from, _to, _value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
    * @dev externalTokenApproval approve the spender address to spend a specified amount of tokens
    *      on behalf of msg.sender.
    * @param _externalToken the address of the Token Contract
    * @param _spender address
    * @param _value the amount of ether (in Wei) which the approval is referring to.
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function externalTokenApproval(IERC20 _externalToken, address _spender, uint256 _value)
    public onlyOwner returns(bool)
    {
        address(_externalToken).safeApprove(_spender, _value);
        emit ExternalTokenApproval(address(_externalToken), _spender, _value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
    * @dev metaData emits an event with a string, should contain the hash of some meta data.
    * @param _metaData a string representing a hash of the meta data
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function metaData(string memory _metaData) public onlyOwner returns(bool) {
        emit MetaData(_metaData);
        return true;
    }


}

// File: contracts/globalConstraints/GlobalConstraintInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;


contract GlobalConstraintInterface {

    enum CallPhase { Pre, Post, PreAndPost }

    function pre( address _scheme, bytes32 _params, bytes32 _method ) public returns(bool);
    function post( address _scheme, bytes32 _params, bytes32 _method ) public returns(bool);
    /**
     * @dev when return if this globalConstraints is pre, post or both.
     * @return CallPhase enum indication  Pre, Post or PreAndPost.
     */
    function when() public returns(CallPhase);
}

// File: contracts/controller/ControllerInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;



/**
 * @title Controller contract
 * @dev A controller controls the organizations tokens ,reputation and avatar.
 * It is subject to a set of schemes and constraints that determine its behavior.
 * Each scheme has it own parameters and operation permissions.
 */
interface ControllerInterface {

    /**
     * @dev Mint `_amount` of reputation that are assigned to `_to` .
     * @param  _amount amount of reputation to mint
     * @param _to beneficiary address
     * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function mintReputation(uint256 _amount, address _to, address _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev Burns `_amount` of reputation from `_from`
     * @param _amount amount of reputation to burn
     * @param _from The address that will lose the reputation
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function burnReputation(uint256 _amount, address _from, address _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev mint tokens .
     * @param  _amount amount of token to mint
     * @param _beneficiary beneficiary address
     * @param _avatar address
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function mintTokens(uint256 _amount, address _beneficiary, address _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

  /**
   * @dev register or update a scheme
   * @param _scheme the address of the scheme
   * @param _paramsHash a hashed configuration of the usage of the scheme
   * @param _permissions the permissions the new scheme will have
   * @param _avatar address
   * @return bool which represents a success
   */
    function registerScheme(address _scheme, bytes32 _paramsHash, bytes4 _permissions, address _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev unregister a scheme
     * @param _avatar address
     * @param _scheme the address of the scheme
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function unregisterScheme(address _scheme, address _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev unregister the caller's scheme
     * @param _avatar address
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function unregisterSelf(address _avatar) external returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev add or update Global Constraint
     * @param _globalConstraint the address of the global constraint to be added.
     * @param _params the constraint parameters hash.
     * @param _avatar the avatar of the organization
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function addGlobalConstraint(address _globalConstraint, bytes32 _params, address _avatar)
    external returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev remove Global Constraint
     * @param _globalConstraint the address of the global constraint to be remove.
     * @param _avatar the organization avatar.
     * @return bool which represents a success
     */
    function removeGlobalConstraint (address _globalConstraint, address _avatar)
    external  returns(bool);

  /**
    * @dev upgrade the Controller
    *      The function will trigger an event 'UpgradeController'.
    * @param  _newController the address of the new controller.
    * @param _avatar address
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function upgradeController(address _newController, Avatar _avatar)
    external returns(bool);

    /**
    * @dev perform a generic call to an arbitrary contract
    * @param _contract  the contract's address to call
    * @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_contract` address.
    * @param _avatar the controller's avatar address
    * @param _value value (ETH) to transfer with the transaction
    * @return bool -success
    *         bytes  - the return value of the called _contract's function.
    */
    function genericCall(address _contract, bytes calldata _data, Avatar _avatar, uint256 _value)
    external
    returns(bool, bytes memory);

  /**
   * @dev send some ether
   * @param _amountInWei the amount of ether (in Wei) to send
   * @param _to address of the beneficiary
   * @param _avatar address
   * @return bool which represents a success
   */
    function sendEther(uint256 _amountInWei, address payable _to, Avatar _avatar)
    external returns(bool);

    /**
    * @dev send some amount of arbitrary ERC20 Tokens
    * @param _externalToken the address of the Token Contract
    * @param _to address of the beneficiary
    * @param _value the amount of ether (in Wei) to send
    * @param _avatar address
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function externalTokenTransfer(IERC20 _externalToken, address _to, uint256 _value, Avatar _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
    * @dev transfer token "from" address "to" address
    *      One must to approve the amount of tokens which can be spend from the
    *      "from" account.This can be done using externalTokenApprove.
    * @param _externalToken the address of the Token Contract
    * @param _from address of the account to send from
    * @param _to address of the beneficiary
    * @param _value the amount of ether (in Wei) to send
    * @param _avatar address
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function externalTokenTransferFrom(
    IERC20 _externalToken,
    address _from,
    address _to,
    uint256 _value,
    Avatar _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
    * @dev externalTokenApproval approve the spender address to spend a specified amount of tokens
    *      on behalf of msg.sender.
    * @param _externalToken the address of the Token Contract
    * @param _spender address
    * @param _value the amount of ether (in Wei) which the approval is referring to.
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function externalTokenApproval(IERC20 _externalToken, address _spender, uint256 _value, Avatar _avatar)
    external
    returns(bool);

    /**
    * @dev metaData emits an event with a string, should contain the hash of some meta data.
    * @param _metaData a string representing a hash of the meta data
    * @param _avatar Avatar
    * @return bool which represents a success
    */
    function metaData(string calldata _metaData, Avatar _avatar) external returns(bool);

    /**
     * @dev getNativeReputation
     * @param _avatar the organization avatar.
     * @return organization native reputation
     */
    function getNativeReputation(address _avatar)
    external
    view
    returns(address);

    function isSchemeRegistered( address _scheme, address _avatar) external view returns(bool);

    function getSchemeParameters(address _scheme, address _avatar) external view returns(bytes32);

    function getGlobalConstraintParameters(address _globalConstraint, address _avatar) external view returns(bytes32);

    function getSchemePermissions(address _scheme, address _avatar) external view returns(bytes4);

    /**
     * @dev globalConstraintsCount return the global constraint pre and post count
     * @return uint256 globalConstraintsPre count.
     * @return uint256 globalConstraintsPost count.
     */
    function globalConstraintsCount(address _avatar) external view returns(uint, uint);

    function isGlobalConstraintRegistered(address _globalConstraint, address _avatar) external view returns(bool);
}

// File: contracts/schemes/CurveInterface.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;

interface CurveInterface {

    function calc(uint) external pure returns (uint);

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/cryptography/ECDSA.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * (.note) This call _does not revert_ if the signature is invalid, or
     * if the signer is otherwise unable to be retrieved. In those scenarios,
     * the zero address is returned.
     *
     * (.warning) `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise)
     * be too long), and then calling `toEthSignedMessageHash` on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        // Check the signature length
        if (signature.length != 65) {
            return (address(0));
        }

        // Divide the signature in r, s and v variables
        bytes32 r;
        bytes32 s;
        uint8 v;

        // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
        // currently is to use assembly.
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
            r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
            s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
            v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
        }

        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (281): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (282): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return address(0);
        }

        if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
            return address(0);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        return ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * replicates the behavior of the
     * [`eth_sign`](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_sign)
     * JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * See `recover`.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }
}

// File: contracts/schemes/ReputationFromToken.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.11;






/**
 * @title A scheme for reputation allocation according to token balances
 *        This contract is assuming that the token contract is paused, and one cannot transfer its tokens.
 */

contract ReputationFromToken {
    using ECDSA for bytes32;
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    IERC20 public tokenContract;
    CurveInterface public curve;
    //      beneficiary -> bool
    mapping(address     => bool) public redeems;
    Avatar public avatar;

    // Digest describing the data the user signs according EIP 712.
    // Needs to match what is passed to Metamask.
    bytes32 public constant DELEGATION_HASH_EIP712 =
    keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
    "address ReputationFromTokenAddress",
    "address Beneficiary"
    ));

    event Redeem(address indexed _beneficiary, address indexed _sender, uint256 _amount);
    
    /**
     * @dev initialize
     * @param _avatar the avatar to mint reputation from
     * @param _tokenContract the token contract
     */
    function initialize(Avatar _avatar, IERC20 _tokenContract, CurveInterface _curve) external
    {
        require(avatar == Avatar(0), "can be called only one time");
        require(_avatar != Avatar(0), "avatar cannot be zero");
        tokenContract = _tokenContract;
        avatar = _avatar;
        curve = _curve;
    }

    /**
     * @dev redeem function
     * @param _beneficiary the beneficiary address to redeem for
     * @return uint256 minted reputation
     */
    function redeem(address _beneficiary) external returns(uint256) {
        return _redeem(_beneficiary, msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev redeemWithSignature function
     * @param _beneficiary the beneficiary address to redeem for
     * @param _signatureType signature type
              1 - for web3.eth.sign
              2 - for eth_signTypedData according to EIP #712.
     * @param _signature  - signed data by the staker
     * @return uint256 minted reputation
     */
    function redeemWithSignature(
        address _beneficiary,
        uint256 _signatureType,
        bytes calldata _signature
        )
        external
        returns(uint256)
        {
        // Recreate the digest the user signed
        bytes32 delegationDigest;
        if (_signatureType == 2) {
            delegationDigest = keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    DELEGATION_HASH_EIP712, keccak256(
                        abi.encodePacked(
                        address(this),
                        _beneficiary)
                    )
                )
            );
        } else {
            delegationDigest = keccak256(
                        abi.encodePacked(
                        address(this),
                        _beneficiary)
                    ).toEthSignedMessageHash();
        }
        address redeemer = delegationDigest.recover(_signature);
        require(redeemer != address(0), "redeemer address cannot be 0");
        return _redeem(_beneficiary, redeemer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev redeem function
     * @param _beneficiary the beneficiary address to redeem for
     * @param _redeemer the redeemer address
     * @return uint256 minted reputation
     */
    function _redeem(address _beneficiary, address _redeemer) private returns(uint256) {
        require(avatar != Avatar(0), "should initialize first");
        require(redeems[_redeemer] == false, "redeeming twice from the same account is not allowed");
        redeems[_redeemer] = true;
        uint256 tokenAmount = tokenContract.balanceOf(_redeemer);
        if (curve != CurveInterface(0)) {
            tokenAmount = curve.calc(tokenAmount);
        }
        if (_beneficiary == address(0)) {
            _beneficiary = _redeemer;
        }
        require(
        ControllerInterface(
        avatar.owner())
        .mintReputation(tokenAmount, _beneficiary, address(avatar)), "mint reputation should succeed");
        emit Redeem(_beneficiary, _redeemer, tokenAmount);
        return tokenAmount;
    }
}