pragma solidity ^0.5.1;

/*


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╚══════╝╚═════╝  ╚═════╝ ╚═╝  ╚═══╝╚═════╝ ╚══════╝
                                                   

 ETH Treasury Bonds

 (EBOND)

 SAFE, SECURE, STEADY ETH INCOME

 ERC-20 Token

 5% Buy and Sell Tax
 
 1% Admin Fee

 Taxes go to BOND holders as earnings

 website:   https://ebonds.world

 discord:   https://discord.gg/jFSExm7

*/

interface IERC20 {
  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
  function balanceOf(address who) external view returns (uint256);
  function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

contract ERC20Detailed is IERC20 {

  uint8 private _Tokendecimals;
  string private _Tokenname;
  string private _Tokensymbol;

  constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint8 decimals) public {
   
   _Tokendecimals = decimals;
    _Tokenname = name;
    _Tokensymbol = symbol;
    
  }

  function name() public view returns(string memory) {
    return _Tokenname;
  }

  function symbol() public view returns(string memory) {
    return _Tokensymbol;
  }

  function decimals() public view returns(uint8) {
    return _Tokendecimals;
  }
}

contract EBOND is ERC20Detailed {
    /*=================================
    =            MODIFIERS            =
    =================================*/
    // only people with tokens
    modifier onlyBillholders() {
        require(myTokens() > 0);
        _;
    }
    
    // only people with profits
    modifier onlyStronghands() {
        require(myDividends(true) > 0);
        _;
    }
    
    modifier onlyAdministrator(){
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        require(administrators[_customerAddress]);
        _;
    }
    
    
    /*==============================
    =            EVENTS            =
    ==============================*/
    event onTokenPurchase(
        address indexed customerAddress,
        uint256 incomingEthereum,
        uint256 tokensMinted,
        address indexed referredBy
    );
    
    event onTokenSell(
        address indexed customerAddress,
        uint256 tokensBurned,
        uint256 ethereumEarned
    );
    
    event onReinvestment(
        address indexed customerAddress,
        uint256 ethereumReinvested,
        uint256 tokensMinted
    );
    
    event onWithdraw(
        address indexed customerAddress,
        uint256 ethereumWithdrawn
    );
    
    // // ERC20
    // event Transfer(
    //     address indexed from,
    //     address indexed to,
    //     uint256 tokens
    // );
    
    
    /*=====================================
    =            CONFIGURABLES            =
    =====================================*/
    string public tname = "ETH Treasury Bonds";
    string public tsymbol = "EBOND";
    uint8 constant public tdecimals = 18;
    uint256 constant internal dividendFee_ = 20;  //5%
    uint256 constant internal adminFee_ = 100;  //1%

    address payable admin;

    uint256 constant internal tokenPriceInitial_ = 0.0000001 ether;
    uint256 constant internal tokenPriceIncremental_ = 0.000000001 ether;
    // uint256 constant internal tokenPriceInitial_ = 0.0000001 ether;
    // uint256 constant internal tokenPriceIncremental_ = 0.00000001 ether;
    uint256 constant internal magnitude = 2**64;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowed;
    
    // proof of stake (defaults at 100 tokens)
    uint256 public stakingRequirement = 100e18;
    
   /*================================
    =            DATASETS            =
    ================================*/
    // amount of shares for each address (scaled number)
    mapping(address => uint256) internal tokenBalanceLedger_;
    mapping(address => uint256) internal referralBalance_;
    mapping(address => int256) internal payoutsTo_;
    mapping(address => uint256) internal ambassadorAccumulatedQuota_;
    uint256 internal tokenSupply_ = 0;
    uint256 internal profitPerShare_;
    
    // administrator list (see above on what they can do)
    mapping(address => bool) public administrators;
    
    /*=======================================
    =            PUBLIC FUNCTIONS            =
    =======================================*/
    /*
    * -- APPLICATION ENTRY POINTS --  
    */


    constructor() public payable ERC20Detailed(tname, tsymbol, tdecimals) {
        administrators[msg.sender] = true;
        admin = msg.sender;
    }

    // constructor()
    //     public
    // {
    //     // add administrators here
        
    //     admin = msg.sender;
        
    // }
    
     
    /**
     * Converts all incoming ethereum to EBONDS for the caller, and passes down the referral addy (if any)
     */
    function buy(address _referredBy)
        public
        payable
        returns(uint256)
    {
        purchaseTokens(msg.value, _referredBy);
    }
    
    /**
     * Fallback function to handle ethereum that was send straight to the contract
     * Unfortunately we cannot use a referral address this way.
     */
    function()
        payable
        external
    {
        purchaseTokens(msg.value, address(0));
    }
    
    /**
     * Converts all of caller's dividends to tokens.
     */
    function reinvest()
        onlyStronghands()
        public
    {
        // fetch dividends
        uint256 _dividends = myDividends(false); // retrieve ref. bonus later in the code
        
        // pay out the dividends virtually
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] +=  (int256) (_dividends * magnitude);
        
        // retrieve ref. bonus
        _dividends += referralBalance_[_customerAddress];
        referralBalance_[_customerAddress] = 0;
        
        // dispatch a buy order with the virtualized "withdrawn dividends"
        uint256 _tokens = purchaseTokens(_dividends, address(0));
        
        // fire event
        emit onReinvestment(_customerAddress, _dividends, _tokens);
        emit Transfer(address(this), _customerAddress, _tokens);
        //emit Transfer(_customerAddress, _tokens);
    }
    
    /**
     * Alias of sell() and withdraw().
     */
    function exit()
        public
    {
        // get token count for caller & sell them all
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        uint256 _tokens = tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress];
        if(_tokens > 0) sell(_tokens);
        
        // lambo delivery service
        withdraw();
    }

    /**
     * Withdraws all of the callers earnings.
     */
    function withdraw()
        onlyStronghands()
        public
    {
        // setup data
        address payable _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        uint256 _dividends = myDividends(false); // get ref. bonus later in the code
        
        // update dividend tracker
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] +=  (int256) (_dividends * magnitude);
        
        // add ref. bonus
        _dividends += referralBalance_[_customerAddress];
        referralBalance_[_customerAddress] = 0;
        
        // lambo delivery service
        _customerAddress.transfer(_dividends);
        
        // fire event
        emit onWithdraw(_customerAddress, _dividends);
    }
    
    /**
     * Liquifies tokens to ethereum.
     */
    function sell(uint256 _amountOfTokens)
        onlyBillholders()
        public
    {
        // setup data
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
       
        require(_amountOfTokens <= tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress]);
        uint256 _tokens = _amountOfTokens;
        uint256 _ethereum = tokensToEthereum_(_tokens);

        uint256 _adminFee = SafeMath.div(_ethereum,adminFee_);

        _ethereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereum,_adminFee);

        uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.div(_ethereum, dividendFee_);

        
       // _ethereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereum,_adminFee);

        uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereum, _dividends);

        //tokenBalanceLedger_[admin] = SafeMath.add(tokenBalanceLedger_[admin], _adminFee);
        
        // burn the sold tokens
        tokenSupply_ = SafeMath.sub(tokenSupply_, _tokens);
        tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress] = SafeMath.sub(tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress], _tokens);
        
        // update dividends tracker
        int256 _updatedPayouts = (int256) (profitPerShare_ * _tokens + (_taxedEthereum * magnitude));
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] -= _updatedPayouts;       
        
        // dividing by zero is a bad idea
        if (tokenSupply_ > 0) {
            // update the amount of dividends per token
            profitPerShare_ = SafeMath.add(profitPerShare_, (_dividends * magnitude) / tokenSupply_);
        }

        admin.transfer(_adminFee);

        // fire event
        emit onTokenSell(_customerAddress, _tokens, _taxedEthereum);
        emit Transfer(_customerAddress, address(0), _tokens);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * Transfer tokens from the caller to a new holder.
     * Remember, there's a 10% fee here as well.
     */
    function transfer(address _toAddress, uint256 _amountOfTokens)
        onlyBillholders()
        public
        returns(bool)
    {
        // setup
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        
        // make sure we have the requested tokens
        // also disables transfers until ambassador phase is over
        // ( we dont want whale premines )
        require(_amountOfTokens <= tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress]);
        
        // withdraw all outstanding dividends first
        if(myDividends(true) > 0) withdraw();
        
        // liquify 10% of the tokens that are transfered
        // these are dispersed to shareholders
        uint256 _tokenFee = SafeMath.div(_amountOfTokens, dividendFee_);
        uint256 _taxedTokens = SafeMath.sub(_amountOfTokens, _tokenFee);
        uint256 _dividends = tokensToEthereum_(_tokenFee);
  
        // burn the fee tokens
        tokenSupply_ = SafeMath.sub(tokenSupply_, _tokenFee);

        // exchange tokens
        tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress] = SafeMath.sub(tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress], _amountOfTokens);
        tokenBalanceLedger_[_toAddress] = SafeMath.add(tokenBalanceLedger_[_toAddress], _taxedTokens);
        
        // update dividend trackers
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] -= (int256) (profitPerShare_ * _amountOfTokens);
        payoutsTo_[_toAddress] += (int256) (profitPerShare_ * _taxedTokens);
        
        // disperse dividends among holders
        profitPerShare_ = SafeMath.add(profitPerShare_, (_dividends * magnitude) / tokenSupply_);
        
        // fire event
        emit Transfer(_customerAddress, _toAddress, _taxedTokens);
        
        // ERC20
        return true;
       
    }

      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 _amountOfTokens) public returns (bool) 
       
    {
        require(_amountOfTokens <= _allowed[from][msg.sender]);
        require(to != address(0));
        // setup
        address _customerAddress = from;
        
        // make sure we have the requested tokens
        // also disables transfers until ambassador phase is over
        // ( we dont want whale premines )
        require(_amountOfTokens <= tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress]);
        
        // withdraw all outstanding dividends first
        if(myDividends(true) > 0) withdraw();
        
        // liquify 10% of the tokens that are transfered
        // these are dispersed to shareholders
        uint256 _tokenFee = SafeMath.div(_amountOfTokens, dividendFee_);
        uint256 _taxedTokens = SafeMath.sub(_amountOfTokens, _tokenFee);
        uint256 _dividends = tokensToEthereum_(_tokenFee);
  
        // burn the fee tokens
        tokenSupply_ = SafeMath.sub(tokenSupply_, _tokenFee);

        // exchange tokens
        tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress] = SafeMath.sub(tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress], _amountOfTokens);
        tokenBalanceLedger_[to] = SafeMath.add(tokenBalanceLedger_[to], _taxedTokens);
        
        // update dividend trackers
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] -= (int256) (profitPerShare_ * _amountOfTokens);
        payoutsTo_[to] += (int256) (profitPerShare_ * _taxedTokens);
        
        // disperse dividends among holders
        profitPerShare_ = SafeMath.add(profitPerShare_, (_dividends * magnitude) / tokenSupply_);

        _allowed[from][msg.sender] = SafeMath.sub(_allowed[from][msg.sender],_amountOfTokens);
        
        // fire event
        emit Transfer(from, to, _taxedTokens);
        
        // ERC20
        return true;
       
  }

  function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public returns (bool) {
    require(spender != address(0));
    _allowed[msg.sender][spender] = SafeMath.add(_allowed[msg.sender][spender],addedValue);
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, _allowed[msg.sender][spender]);
    return true;
  }

  function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
    require(spender != address(0));
    _allowed[msg.sender][spender] = SafeMath.sub(_allowed[msg.sender][spender],subtractedValue);
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, _allowed[msg.sender][spender]);
    return true;
  }
    
    /*----------  ADMINISTRATOR ONLY FUNCTIONS  ----------*/

    
    /**
     * In case one of us dies, we need to replace ourselves.
     */
    function setAdministrator(address _identifier, bool _status)
        onlyAdministrator()
        public
    {
        administrators[_identifier] = _status;
    }
    
    /**
     * Precautionary measures in case we need to adjust the masternode rate.
     */
    function setStakingRequirement(uint256 _amountOfTokens)
        onlyAdministrator()
        public
    {
        stakingRequirement = _amountOfTokens;
    }
    
    /**
     * If we want to rebrand, we can.
     */
    function setName(string memory _name)
        onlyAdministrator()
        public
    {
        tname = _name;
    }
    
    /**
     * If we want to rebrand, we can.
     */
    function setSymbol(string memory _symbol)
        onlyAdministrator()
        public
    {
        tsymbol = _symbol;
    }

    
    /*----------  HELPERS AND CALCULATORS  ----------*/
    /**
     * Method to view the current Ethereum stored in the contract
     * Example: totalEthereumBalance()
     */
    function totalEthereumBalance()
        public
        view
        returns(uint)
    {
        return address(this).balance;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the total token supply.
     */
    function totalSupply()
        public
        view
        returns(uint256)
    {
        return tokenSupply_;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the tokens owned by the caller.
     */
    function myTokens()
        public
        view
        returns(uint256)
    {
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        return balanceOf(_customerAddress);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the dividends owned by the caller.
     * If `_includeReferralBonus` is to to 1/true, the referral bonus will be included in the calculations.
     * The reason for this, is that in the frontend, we will want to get the total divs (global + ref)
     * But in the internal calculations, we want them separate. 
     */ 
    function myDividends(bool _includeReferralBonus) 
        public 
        view 
        returns(uint256)
    {
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        return _includeReferralBonus ? dividendsOf(_customerAddress) + referralBalance_[_customerAddress] : dividendsOf(_customerAddress) ;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the token balance of any single address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _customerAddress)
        view
        public
        returns(uint256)
    {
        return tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress];
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the dividend balance of any single address.
     */
    function dividendsOf(address _customerAddress)
        view
        public
        returns(uint256)
    {
        return (uint256) ((int256)(profitPerShare_ * tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress]) - payoutsTo_[_customerAddress]) / magnitude;
    }

     function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
    return _allowed[owner][spender];
  }

    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
    require(spender != address(0));
    _allowed[msg.sender][spender] = value;
    emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, value);
    return true;
  }
    
    /**
     * Return the buy price of 1 individual token.
     */
    function sellPrice() 
        public 
        view 
        returns(uint256)
    {
        // our calculation relies on the token supply, so we need supply. Doh.
        if(tokenSupply_ == 0){
            return tokenPriceInitial_ - tokenPriceIncremental_;
        } else {
            uint256 _ethereum = tokensToEthereum_(1e18);
            uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.div(_ethereum, dividendFee_  );
            uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereum, _dividends);
            return _taxedEthereum;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Return the sell price of 1 individual token.
     */
    function buyPrice() 
        public 
        view 
        returns(uint256)
    {
        // our calculation relies on the token supply, so we need supply. Doh.
        if(tokenSupply_ == 0){
            return tokenPriceInitial_ + tokenPriceIncremental_;
        } else {
            uint256 _ethereum = tokensToEthereum_(1e18);
            uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.div(_ethereum, dividendFee_  );
            uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.add(_ethereum, _dividends);
            return _taxedEthereum;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Function for the frontend to dynamically retrieve the price scaling of buy orders.
     */
    function calculateTokensReceived(uint256 _ethereumToSpend) 
        public 
        view 
        returns(uint256)
    {
        uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.div(_ethereumToSpend, dividendFee_);
        uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereumToSpend, _dividends);
        uint256 _amountOfTokens = ethereumToTokens_(_taxedEthereum);
        
        return _amountOfTokens;
    }
    
    /**
     * Function for the frontend to dynamically retrieve the price scaling of sell orders.
     */
    function calculateEthereumReceived(uint256 _tokensToSell) 
        public 
        view 
        returns(uint256)
    {
        require(_tokensToSell <= tokenSupply_);
        uint256 _ethereum = tokensToEthereum_(_tokensToSell);
        uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.div(_ethereum, dividendFee_);
        uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_ethereum, _dividends);
        return _taxedEthereum;
    }
    
    
    /*==========================================
    =            INTERNAL FUNCTIONS            =
    ==========================================*/
    function purchaseTokens(uint256 _incomingEthereum, address _referredBy)
        internal
        returns(uint256)
    {
        // data setup

        uint256 _adminFee = SafeMath.div(_incomingEthereum, adminFee_);
        _incomingEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_incomingEthereum, _adminFee);
        
        address _customerAddress = msg.sender;
        
        uint256 _undividedDividends = SafeMath.div(_incomingEthereum, dividendFee_);
        uint256 _referralBonus = SafeMath.div(_undividedDividends, 3);
        uint256 _dividends = SafeMath.sub(_undividedDividends, _referralBonus);
        uint256 _taxedEthereum = SafeMath.sub(_incomingEthereum, _undividedDividends);
        uint256 _amountOfTokens = ethereumToTokens_(_taxedEthereum);
        uint256 _fee = _dividends * magnitude;
 
        // no point in continuing execution if OP is a poorfag russian hacker
        // prevents overflow in the case that the pyramid somehow magically starts being used by everyone in the world
        // (or hackers)
        // and yes we know that the safemath function automatically rules out the "greater then" equasion.
        require(_amountOfTokens > 0 && (SafeMath.add(_amountOfTokens,tokenSupply_) > tokenSupply_));
        
        // is the user referred by a masternode?
        if(
            // is this a referred purchase?
            _referredBy != 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 &&

            // no cheating!
            _referredBy != _customerAddress &&
            
            // does the referrer have at least X whole tokens?
            // i.e is the referrer a godly chad masternode
            tokenBalanceLedger_[_referredBy] >= stakingRequirement
        ){
            // wealth redistribution
            referralBalance_[_referredBy] = SafeMath.add(referralBalance_[_referredBy], _referralBonus);
        } else {
            // no ref purchase
            // add the referral bonus back to the global dividends cake
            _dividends = SafeMath.add(_dividends, _referralBonus);
            _fee = _dividends * magnitude;
        }
        
        // we can't give people infinite ethereum
        if(tokenSupply_ > 0){
            
            // add tokens to the pool
            tokenSupply_ = SafeMath.add(tokenSupply_, _amountOfTokens);
 
            // take the amount of dividends gained through this transaction, and allocates them evenly to each shareholder
            profitPerShare_ += (_dividends * magnitude / (tokenSupply_));
            
            // calculate the amount of tokens the customer receives over his purchase 
            _fee = _fee - (_fee-(_amountOfTokens * (_dividends * magnitude / (tokenSupply_))));
        
        } else {
            // add tokens to the pool
            tokenSupply_ = _amountOfTokens;
        }
        
        // update circulating supply & the ledger address for the customer
        tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress] = SafeMath.add(tokenBalanceLedger_[_customerAddress], _amountOfTokens);
        
        // Tells the contract that the buyer doesn't deserve dividends for the tokens before they owned them;
        //really i know you think you do but you don't
        int256 _updatedPayouts = (int256) ((profitPerShare_ * _amountOfTokens) - _fee);
        payoutsTo_[_customerAddress] += _updatedPayouts;

        admin.transfer(_adminFee);
        
        // fire event
        emit onTokenPurchase(_customerAddress, _incomingEthereum, _amountOfTokens, _referredBy);
        emit Transfer(address(this), _customerAddress, _amountOfTokens);

        return _amountOfTokens;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate Token price based on an amount of incoming ethereum
     * It's an algorithm, hopefully we gave you the whitepaper with it in scientific notation;
     * Some conversions occurred to prevent decimal errors or underflows / overflows in solidity code.
     */
    function ethereumToTokens_(uint256 _ethereum)
        internal
        view
        returns(uint256)
    {
        uint256 _tokenPriceInitial = tokenPriceInitial_ * 1e18;
        uint256 _tokensReceived = 
         (
            (
                // underflow attempts BTFO
                SafeMath.sub(
                    (sqrt
                        (
                            (_tokenPriceInitial**2)
                            +
                            (2*(tokenPriceIncremental_ * 1e18)*(_ethereum * 1e18))
                            +
                            (((tokenPriceIncremental_)**2)*(tokenSupply_**2))
                            +
                            (2*(tokenPriceIncremental_)*_tokenPriceInitial*tokenSupply_)
                        )
                    ), _tokenPriceInitial
                )
            )/(tokenPriceIncremental_)
        )-(tokenSupply_)
        ;
  
        return _tokensReceived;
    }
    
    /**
     * Calculate token sell value.
     * It's an algorithm, hopefully we gave you the whitepaper with it in scientific notation;
     * Some conversions occurred to prevent decimal errors or underflows / overflows in solidity code.
     */
     function tokensToEthereum_(uint256 _tokens)
        internal
        view
        returns(uint256)
    {

        uint256 tokens_ = (_tokens + 1e18);
        uint256 _tokenSupply = (tokenSupply_ + 1e18);
        uint256 _etherReceived =
        (
            // underflow attempts BTFO
            SafeMath.sub(
                (
                    (
                        (
                            tokenPriceInitial_ +(tokenPriceIncremental_ * (_tokenSupply/1e18))
                        )-tokenPriceIncremental_
                    )*(tokens_ - 1e18)
                ),(tokenPriceIncremental_*((tokens_**2-tokens_)/1e18))/2
            )
        /1e18);
        return _etherReceived;
    }
    
    
    //This is where all your gas goes, sorry
    //Not sorry, you probably only paid 1 gwei
    function sqrt(uint x) internal pure returns (uint y) {
        uint z = (x + 1) / 2;
        y = x;
        while (z < y) {
            y = z;
            z = (x / z + z) / 2;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @title SafeMath
 * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
 */
library SafeMath {

    /**
    * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow.
    */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        uint256 c = a * b;
        assert(c / a == b);
        return c;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient.
    */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
        return c;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Substracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
    */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        assert(b <= a);
        return a - b;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow.
    */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        assert(c >= a);
        return c;
    }
}