pragma solidity 0.5.17;


/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 *
 * _Since v2.5.0:_ this module is now much more gas efficient, given net gas
 * metering changes introduced in the Istanbul hardfork.
 */
contract ReentrancyGuard {
    bool private _notEntered;

    constructor () internal {
        // Storing an initial non-zero value makes deployment a bit more
        // expensive, but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant
        // will be lower in amount. Since refunds are capped to a percetange of
        // the total transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases
        // like this one, to increase the likelihood of the full refund coming
        // into effect.
        _notEntered = true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and make it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_notEntered, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _notEntered = false;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _notEntered = true;
    }
}

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
contract Context {
    // Empty internal constructor, to prevent people from mistakenly deploying
    // an instance of this contract, which should be used via inheritance.
    constructor () internal { }
    // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks

    function _msgSender() internal view returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see {ERC20Detailed}.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20Mintable}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for `sender`'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
        _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`s tokens.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`.`amount` is then deducted
     * from the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See {_burn} and {_approve}.
     */
    function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _burn(account, amount);
        _approve(account, _msgSender(), _allowances[account][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance"));
    }
}

/**
 * @dev Optional functions from the ERC20 standard.
 */
contract ERC20Detailed is IERC20 {
    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;
    uint8 private _decimals;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for `name`, `symbol`, and `decimals`. All three of
     * these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor (string memory name, string memory symbol, uint8 decimals) public {
        _name = name;
        _symbol = symbol;
        _decimals = decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }
}

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        address msgSender = _msgSender();
        _owner = msgSender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(isOwner(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the caller is the current owner.
     */
    function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
        return _msgSender() == _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

contract LinearFormula {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    uint256 internal constant MU = 0x00000000000000006F05B59D3B200000; //8 * (10**18)
    uint256 internal constant EXAEXA = 0x00C097CE7BC90715B34B9F1000000000; // 10**36
    uint256 internal constant EXA = 0x00000000000000000DE0B6B3A7640000; // 10 ** 18
    uint256 internal constant LAMBDA = 0x00000000000000001BC16D674EC80000; // 2 * (10**18)

    uint256 internal constant MAXSLIPPAGE = 10000;
    uint256 internal constant MINSLIPPAGE = 1;

    // Babylonian method for square root
    // if x is 0, 1, 2, 3 then it is picked up by the first two conditions
    function sqrt(uint256 _x) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (_x == 0) return 0;
        else if (_x <= 3) return 1;
        uint256 z = (_x.add(1)).div(2);
        uint256 y = _x;
        while (z < y) {
            y = z;
            z = (_x.div(z).add(z)).div(2);
        }
        return y;
    }

    function percentageOf(uint256 _bps, uint256 _num)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 numTimesBps = _num.mul(_bps);
        require(numTimesBps >= MAXSLIPPAGE, "number is too small");
        require(
            (MINSLIPPAGE <= _bps) && (_bps <= MAXSLIPPAGE),
            "percentage value is invalid"
        );
        return (numTimesBps).div(MAXSLIPPAGE);
    }

    function calculatePurchaseReturn(uint256 _supply, uint256 _depositAmount)
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(_supply > 0, "this token is dead...");
        require(_depositAmount < 500 ether, "oh wow. Thanks, but no");
        if (_depositAmount == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        // * overflow scenario *
        // supply is 1e18 for 1 NAZ, 1e19 for 10 NAZ
        // 1e20 for 100 NAZ, 1e21 for 1000 NAZ, 1e22 for 10000 NAZ
        // 1e23 for 100k NAZ, 1e24 for 1m NAZ (never will happen)
        // so: 1e24 * 1e24 => 1e48 (half way through to 77 limit)
        // div by lambda and now it is back to 1e24 range. adding won't do much
        // -----------------------
        // * underflow scenario *
        // supply is 1, multiply by 1e18, we get 1e18. divide by LAMBDA
        // we get back zero, deposit amount whatever it is added
        // so we get out deposit amount. no issue
        // -----------------------
        uint256 numerator = _supply.mul(_supply.add(EXA));
        uint256 newTotalValue = numerator.div(LAMBDA).add(_depositAmount);
        // * overflow scenario *
        // 1e36 add to the above 1e24 multiplied by 8e18 to get 1e42
        // sqrt of that roughly halvs it to 1e24 again. No issues
        // ----------------------
        // * underflow scenario *
        // newTotalVAlue is just the deposit amount. we take square root of 1e36
        // number. 1e18 and now divide by two to get 5e17. No issue again
        // ----------------------
        uint256 sqrtArg = EXAEXA.add(newTotalValue.mul(MU));
        uint256 newTokenSupply = (sqrt(sqrtArg).sub(EXA)).div(2);
        return newTokenSupply.sub(_supply);
    }

    function calculateSaleReturn(
        uint256 _supply,
        uint256 _reserveBalance,
        uint256 _sellAmount
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(
            _supply > 0 && _reserveBalance > 0 && _sellAmount <= _supply,
            "Check the following: (i) supply must be greater than 0; (ii) reserveBalance must be greater than 0; (iii) you cannot sell more than the supply"
        );
        if (_sellAmount == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (_sellAmount == _supply) {
            return _reserveBalance;
        }
        uint256 supplyWithExa = ((_supply.add(EXA)).sub(_sellAmount));
        uint256 mul2AddSell = supplyWithExa.mul(2).add(_sellAmount);
        return (mul2AddSell.sub(EXA)).mul(_sellAmount).div(LAMBDA);
    }

    // pure doesn't read the storage variables. e.g. sqrt
    // view doesn't modify the storage variables, but can read them (will read them?)
    function notFrontran(
        uint256 _actualAmount,
        uint256 _allowedSlippagePct,
        uint256 _expectedAmount
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        // representing percentages in basis points
        // so 0.5 is 50, 0.1 is 10, 0.01 is 1
        // 1% is 100, 10% is 1000 and 100% is 10000
        require(
            (MINSLIPPAGE <= _allowedSlippagePct) &&
                (_allowedSlippagePct <= MAXSLIPPAGE),
            "slippage can be between 1 and 10000 basis points"
        );

        uint256 offset = percentageOf(_allowedSlippagePct, _expectedAmount);
        require(
            _actualAmount >= (_expectedAmount.sub(offset)),
            "try with higher slippage"
        );

        return true;
    }
}

contract LinearCurve is LinearFormula {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    // these two are implemented in continuous token
    function continuousSupply() public view returns (uint256);

    function reserveBalance() public view returns (uint256);

    function getContinuousMintReward(uint256 _reserveTokenAmount)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return calculatePurchaseReturn(continuousSupply(), _reserveTokenAmount);
    }

    function getContinuousBurnRefund(uint256 _continuousTokenAmount)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return
            calculateSaleReturn(
                continuousSupply(),
                reserveBalance(),
                _continuousTokenAmount
            );
    }
}

contract ContinuousToken is Ownable, ERC20, ERC20Detailed, LinearCurve {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    event Minted(address sender, uint256 amount, uint256 deposit);
    event Burned(address sender, uint256 amount, uint256 refund);

    constructor(
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        uint8 _decimals,
        uint256 _initialSupply
    ) public ERC20Detailed(_name, _symbol, _decimals) LinearCurve() {
        _mint(msg.sender, _initialSupply);
    }

    function _continuousMint(
        uint256 _deposit,
        uint256 _slippage,
        uint256 _expectedAmount
    ) internal returns (uint256) {
        require(_deposit > 0, "Deposit must be non-zero.");
        uint256 rewardAmount = getContinuousMintReward(_deposit);

        // front run check
        bool wasNotFrontran = notFrontran(
            rewardAmount,
            _slippage,
            _expectedAmount
        );
        require(wasNotFrontran, "try with higher slippage");

        _mint(msg.sender, rewardAmount);

        emit Minted(msg.sender, rewardAmount, _deposit);
        return rewardAmount;
    }

    function _continuousBurn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _reserve,
        uint256 _slippage,
        uint256 _expectedAmount
    ) internal returns (uint256) {
        require(_amount > 0, "Amount must be non-zero.");
        // ! THIS IS SUPER IMPORTANT !
        require(
            balanceOf(msg.sender) >= _amount,
            "no money - no honey friend, don't be hacking me"
        );

        uint256 refundAmount = getContinuousBurnRefund(_amount);
        // i.e. we need that the refundAmount is strictly LESS than the reserve
        require(refundAmount < _reserve, "don't be hacking, friend");

        // front run check
        bool wasNotFrontran = notFrontran(
            refundAmount,
            _slippage,
            _expectedAmount
        );
        require(wasNotFrontran, "try with higher slippage");

        _burn(msg.sender, _amount);

        emit Burned(msg.sender, _amount, refundAmount);
        return refundAmount;
    }

    function continuousSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
        return totalSupply();
    }
}

contract NazToken is ContinuousToken, ReentrancyGuard {
    uint256 internal reserve;

    constructor(
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        uint8 _decimals,
        uint256 _initialSupply
    )
        public
        payable
        ContinuousToken(_name, _symbol, _decimals, _initialSupply)
    {
        reserve = msg.value;
    }

    function() external payable nonReentrant {
        uint256 purchaseAmount = msg.value;
        uint256 rewardAmount = getContinuousMintReward(purchaseAmount);
        _continuousMint(purchaseAmount, 100, rewardAmount);
        reserve = reserve.add(purchaseAmount);
    }

    function mint(uint256 _slippage, uint256 _expectedAmount)
        public
        payable
        nonReentrant
    {
        uint256 purchaseAmount = msg.value;
        _continuousMint(purchaseAmount, _slippage, _expectedAmount);
        reserve = reserve.add(purchaseAmount);
    }

    function burn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _slippage,
        uint256 _expectedAmount
    ) public nonReentrant {
        uint256 refundAmount = _continuousBurn(
            _amount,
            reserve,
            _slippage,
            _expectedAmount
        );
        reserve = reserve.sub(refundAmount);
        msg.sender.transfer(refundAmount);
    }

    function reserveBalance() public view returns (uint256) {
        return reserve;
    }
}