// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.
pragma solidity ^0.7.0;


/// @title Ownable
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
/// @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic
///      authorization control functions, this simplifies the implementation of
///      "user permissions".
contract Ownable
{
    address public owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed newOwner
    );

    /// @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract
    ///      to the sender.
    constructor()
    {
        owner = msg.sender;
    }

    /// @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
    modifier onlyOwner()
    {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "UNAUTHORIZED");
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a
    ///      new owner.
    /// @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
    function transferOwnership(
        address newOwner
        )
        public
        virtual
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner);
        owner = newOwner;
    }

    function renounceOwnership()
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, address(0));
        owner = address(0);
    }
}

/// @title AddressSet
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
contract AddressSet
{
    struct Set
    {
        address[] addresses;
        mapping (address => uint) positions;
        uint count;
    }
    mapping (bytes32 => Set) private sets;

    function addAddressToSet(
        bytes32 key,
        address addr,
        bool    maintainList
        ) internal
    {
        Set storage set = sets[key];
        require(set.positions[addr] == 0, "ALREADY_IN_SET");

        if (maintainList) {
            require(set.addresses.length == set.count, "PREVIOUSLY_NOT_MAINTAILED");
            set.addresses.push(addr);
        } else {
            require(set.addresses.length == 0, "MUST_MAINTAIN");
        }

        set.count += 1;
        set.positions[addr] = set.count;
    }

    function removeAddressFromSet(
        bytes32 key,
        address addr
        )
        internal
    {
        Set storage set = sets[key];
        uint pos = set.positions[addr];
        require(pos != 0, "NOT_IN_SET");

        delete set.positions[addr];
        set.count -= 1;

        if (set.addresses.length > 0) {
            address lastAddr = set.addresses[set.count];
            if (lastAddr != addr) {
                set.addresses[pos - 1] = lastAddr;
                set.positions[lastAddr] = pos;
            }
            set.addresses.pop();
        }
    }

    function removeSet(bytes32 key)
        internal
    {
        delete sets[key];
    }

    function isAddressInSet(
        bytes32 key,
        address addr
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return sets[key].positions[addr] != 0;
    }

    function numAddressesInSet(bytes32 key)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        Set storage set = sets[key];
        return set.count;
    }

    function addressesInSet(bytes32 key)
        internal
        view
        returns (address[] memory)
    {
        Set storage set = sets[key];
        require(set.count == set.addresses.length, "NOT_MAINTAINED");
        return sets[key].addresses;
    }
}
// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.




// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.

/// @title Claimable
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
/// @dev Extension for the Ownable contract, where the ownership needs
///      to be claimed. This allows the new owner to accept the transfer.
contract Claimable is Ownable
{
    address public pendingOwner;

    /// @dev Modifier throws if called by any account other than the pendingOwner.
    modifier onlyPendingOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == pendingOwner, "UNAUTHORIZED");
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Allows the current owner to set the pendingOwner address.
    /// @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
    function transferOwnership(
        address newOwner
        )
        public
        override
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(newOwner != address(0) && newOwner != owner, "INVALID_ADDRESS");
        pendingOwner = newOwner;
    }

    /// @dev Allows the pendingOwner address to finalize the transfer.
    function claimOwnership()
        public
        onlyPendingOwner
    {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, pendingOwner);
        owner = pendingOwner;
        pendingOwner = address(0);
    }
}


contract OwnerManagable is Claimable, AddressSet
{
    bytes32 internal constant MANAGER = keccak256("__MANAGED__");

    event ManagerAdded  (address manager);
    event ManagerRemoved(address manager);

    modifier onlyManager
    {
        require(isManager(msg.sender), "NOT_MANAGER");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyOwnerOrManager
    {
        require(msg.sender == owner || isManager(msg.sender), "NOT_OWNER_OR_MANAGER");
        _;
    }

    constructor() Claimable() {}

    /// @dev Gets the managers.
    /// @return The list of managers.
    function managers()
        public
        view
        returns (address[] memory)
    {
        return addressesInSet(MANAGER);
    }

    /// @dev Gets the number of managers.
    /// @return The numer of managers.
    function numManagers()
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        return numAddressesInSet(MANAGER);
    }

    /// @dev Checks if an address is a manger.
    /// @param addr The address to check.
    /// @return True if the address is a manager, False otherwise.
    function isManager(address addr)
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return isAddressInSet(MANAGER, addr);
    }

    /// @dev Adds a new manager.
    /// @param manager The new address to add.
    function addManager(address manager)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        addManagerInternal(manager);
    }

    /// @dev Removes a manager.
    /// @param manager The manager to remove.
    function removeManager(address manager)
        public
        onlyOwner
    {
        removeAddressFromSet(MANAGER, manager);
        emit ManagerRemoved(manager);
    }

    function addManagerInternal(address manager)
        internal
    {
        addAddressToSet(MANAGER, manager, true);
        emit ManagerAdded(manager);
    }
}


/// @title DataStore
/// @dev Modules share states by accessing the same storage instance.
///      Using ModuleStorage will achieve better module decoupling.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
abstract contract DataStore
{
    modifier onlyWalletModule(address wallet)
    {
        require(Wallet(wallet).hasModule(msg.sender), "UNAUTHORIZED");
        _;
    }
}
// Taken from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/SafeCast.sol




/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCast {

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value < 2**128, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value < 2**64, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value < 2**32, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value < 2**40, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value < 2**16, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits.
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value < 2**8, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128) {
        require(value >= -2**127 && value < 2**127, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 128 bits");
        return int128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64) {
        require(value >= -2**63 && value < 2**63, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 64 bits");
        return int64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32) {
        require(value >= -2**31 && value < 2**31, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 32 bits");
        return int32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16) {
        require(value >= -2**15 && value < 2**15, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 16 bits");
        return int16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8) {
        require(value >= -2**7 && value < 2**7, "SafeCast: value doesn\'t fit in 8 bits");
        return int8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        require(value < 2**255, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}
// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



library Data
{
    // Optimized to fit into 32 bytes (1 slot)
    struct Guardian
    {
        address addr;
        uint16  group;
        uint40  validSince;
        uint40  validUntil;
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title Utility Functions for uint
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
library MathUint
{
    function mul(
        uint a,
        uint b
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint c)
    {
        c = a * b;
        require(a == 0 || c / a == b, "MUL_OVERFLOW");
    }

    function sub(
        uint a,
        uint b
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint)
    {
        require(b <= a, "SUB_UNDERFLOW");
        return a - b;
    }

    function add(
        uint a,
        uint b
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (uint c)
    {
        c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "ADD_OVERFLOW");
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title WalletRegistry
/// @dev A registry for wallets.
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
interface WalletRegistry
{
    function registerWallet(address wallet) external;
    function isWalletRegistered(address addr) external view returns (bool);
    function numOfWallets() external view returns (uint);
}

/*
 * @title String & slice utility library for Solidity contracts.
 * @author Nick Johnson <arachnid@notdot.net>
 *
 * @dev Functionality in this library is largely implemented using an
 *      abstraction called a 'slice'. A slice represents a part of a string -
 *      anything from the entire string to a single character, or even no
 *      characters at all (a 0-length slice). Since a slice only has to specify
 *      an offset and a length, copying and manipulating slices is a lot less
 *      expensive than copying and manipulating the strings they reference.
 *
 *      To further reduce gas costs, most functions on slice that need to return
 *      a slice modify the original one instead of allocating a new one; for
 *      instance, `s.split(".")` will return the text up to the first '.',
 *      modifying s to only contain the remainder of the string after the '.'.
 *      In situations where you do not want to modify the original slice, you
 *      can make a copy first with `.copy()`, for example:
 *      `s.copy().split(".")`. Try and avoid using this idiom in loops; since
 *      Solidity has no memory management, it will result in allocating many
 *      short-lived slices that are later discarded.
 *
 *      Functions that return two slices come in two versions: a non-allocating
 *      version that takes the second slice as an argument, modifying it in
 *      place, and an allocating version that allocates and returns the second
 *      slice; see `nextRune` for example.
 *
 *      Functions that have to copy string data will return strings rather than
 *      slices; these can be cast back to slices for further processing if
 *      required.
 *
 *      For convenience, some functions are provided with non-modifying
 *      variants that create a new slice and return both; for instance,
 *      `s.splitNew('.')` leaves s unmodified, and returns two values
 *      corresponding to the left and right parts of the string.
 */



/* solium-disable */
library strings {
    struct slice {
        uint _len;
        uint _ptr;
    }

    function memcpy(uint dest, uint src, uint len) private pure {
        // Copy word-length chunks while possible
        for(; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        // Copy remaining bytes
        uint mask = 256 ** (32 - len) - 1;
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns a slice containing the entire string.
     * @param self The string to make a slice from.
     * @return A newly allocated slice containing the entire string.
     */
    function toSlice(string memory self) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        uint ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(self, 0x20)
        }
        return slice(bytes(self).length, ptr);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the length of a null-terminated bytes32 string.
     * @param self The value to find the length of.
     * @return The length of the string, from 0 to 32.
     */
    function len(bytes32 self) internal pure returns (uint) {
        uint ret;
        if (self == 0)
            return 0;
        if (uint256(self) & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff == 0) {
            ret += 16;
            self = bytes32(uint(self) / 0x100000000000000000000000000000000);
        }
        if (uint256(self) & 0xffffffffffffffff == 0) {
            ret += 8;
            self = bytes32(uint(self) / 0x10000000000000000);
        }
        if (uint256(self) & 0xffffffff == 0) {
            ret += 4;
            self = bytes32(uint(self) / 0x100000000);
        }
        if (uint256(self) & 0xffff == 0) {
            ret += 2;
            self = bytes32(uint(self) / 0x10000);
        }
        if (uint256(self) & 0xff == 0) {
            ret += 1;
        }
        return 32 - ret;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns a slice containing the entire bytes32, interpreted as a
     *      null-terminated utf-8 string.
     * @param self The bytes32 value to convert to a slice.
     * @return A new slice containing the value of the input argument up to the
     *         first null.
     */
    function toSliceB32(bytes32 self) internal pure returns (slice memory ret) {
        // Allocate space for `self` in memory, copy it there, and point ret at it
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(ptr, 0x20))
            mstore(ptr, self)
            mstore(add(ret, 0x20), ptr)
        }
        ret._len = len(self);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns a new slice containing the same data as the current slice.
     * @param self The slice to copy.
     * @return A new slice containing the same data as `self`.
     */
    function copy(slice memory self) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        return slice(self._len, self._ptr);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Copies a slice to a new string.
     * @param self The slice to copy.
     * @return A newly allocated string containing the slice's text.
     */
    function toString(slice memory self) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory ret = new string(self._len);
        uint retptr;
        assembly { retptr := add(ret, 32) }

        memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
        return ret;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the length in runes of the slice. Note that this operation
     *      takes time proportional to the length of the slice; avoid using it
     *      in loops, and call `slice.empty()` if you only need to kblock.timestamp whether
     *      the slice is empty or not.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @return The length of the slice in runes.
     */
    function len(slice memory self) internal pure returns (uint l) {
        // Starting at ptr-31 means the LSB will be the byte we care about
        uint ptr = self._ptr - 31;
        uint end = ptr + self._len;
        for (l = 0; ptr < end; l++) {
            uint8 b;
            assembly { b := and(mload(ptr), 0xFF) }
            if (b < 0x80) {
                ptr += 1;
            } else if(b < 0xE0) {
                ptr += 2;
            } else if(b < 0xF0) {
                ptr += 3;
            } else if(b < 0xF8) {
                ptr += 4;
            } else if(b < 0xFC) {
                ptr += 5;
            } else {
                ptr += 6;
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns true if the slice is empty (has a length of 0).
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @return True if the slice is empty, False otherwise.
     */
    function empty(slice memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return self._len == 0;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns a positive number if `other` comes lexicographically after
     *      `self`, a negative number if it comes before, or zero if the
     *      contents of the two slices are equal. Comparison is done per-rune,
     *      on unicode codepoints.
     * @param self The first slice to compare.
     * @param other The second slice to compare.
     * @return The result of the comparison.
     */
    function compare(slice memory self, slice memory other) internal pure returns (int) {
        uint shortest = self._len;
        if (other._len < self._len)
            shortest = other._len;

        uint selfptr = self._ptr;
        uint otherptr = other._ptr;
        for (uint idx = 0; idx < shortest; idx += 32) {
            uint a;
            uint b;
            assembly {
                a := mload(selfptr)
                b := mload(otherptr)
            }
            if (a != b) {
                // Mask out irrelevant bytes and check again
                uint256 mask = uint256(-1); // 0xffff...
                if(shortest < 32) {
                  mask = ~(2 ** (8 * (32 - shortest + idx)) - 1);
                }
                uint256 diff = (a & mask) - (b & mask);
                if (diff != 0)
                    return int(diff);
            }
            selfptr += 32;
            otherptr += 32;
        }
        return int(self._len) - int(other._len);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns true if the two slices contain the same text.
     * @param self The first slice to compare.
     * @param self The second slice to compare.
     * @return True if the slices are equal, false otherwise.
     */
    function equals(slice memory self, slice memory other) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return compare(self, other) == 0;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Extracts the first rune in the slice into `rune`, advancing the
     *      slice to point to the next rune and returning `self`.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @param rune The slice that will contain the first rune.
     * @return `rune`.
     */
    function nextRune(slice memory self, slice memory rune) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        rune._ptr = self._ptr;

        if (self._len == 0) {
            rune._len = 0;
            return rune;
        }

        uint l;
        uint b;
        // Load the first byte of the rune into the LSBs of b
        assembly { b := and(mload(sub(mload(add(self, 32)), 31)), 0xFF) }
        if (b < 0x80) {
            l = 1;
        } else if(b < 0xE0) {
            l = 2;
        } else if(b < 0xF0) {
            l = 3;
        } else {
            l = 4;
        }

        // Check for truncated codepoints
        if (l > self._len) {
            rune._len = self._len;
            self._ptr += self._len;
            self._len = 0;
            return rune;
        }

        self._ptr += l;
        self._len -= l;
        rune._len = l;
        return rune;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the first rune in the slice, advancing the slice to point
     *      to the next rune.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @return A slice containing only the first rune from `self`.
     */
    function nextRune(slice memory self) internal pure returns (slice memory ret) {
        nextRune(self, ret);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the number of the first codepoint in the slice.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @return The number of the first codepoint in the slice.
     */
    function ord(slice memory self) internal pure returns (uint ret) {
        if (self._len == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint word;
        uint length;
        uint divisor = 2 ** 248;

        // Load the rune into the MSBs of b
        assembly { word:= mload(mload(add(self, 32))) }
        uint b = word / divisor;
        if (b < 0x80) {
            ret = b;
            length = 1;
        } else if(b < 0xE0) {
            ret = b & 0x1F;
            length = 2;
        } else if(b < 0xF0) {
            ret = b & 0x0F;
            length = 3;
        } else {
            ret = b & 0x07;
            length = 4;
        }

        // Check for truncated codepoints
        if (length > self._len) {
            return 0;
        }

        for (uint i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            divisor = divisor / 256;
            b = (word / divisor) & 0xFF;
            if (b & 0xC0 != 0x80) {
                // Invalid UTF-8 sequence
                return 0;
            }
            ret = (ret * 64) | (b & 0x3F);
        }

        return ret;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the keccak-256 hash of the slice.
     * @param self The slice to hash.
     * @return The hash of the slice.
     */
    function keccak(slice memory self) internal pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        assembly {
            ret := keccak256(mload(add(self, 32)), mload(self))
        }
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns true if `self` starts with `needle`.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @param needle The slice to search for.
     * @return True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.
     */
    function startsWith(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
        if (self._len < needle._len) {
            return false;
        }

        if (self._ptr == needle._ptr) {
            return true;
        }

        bool equal;
        assembly {
            let length := mload(needle)
            let selfptr := mload(add(self, 0x20))
            let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
            equal := eq(keccak256(selfptr, length), keccak256(needleptr, length))
        }
        return equal;
    }

    /*
     * @dev If `self` starts with `needle`, `needle` is removed from the
     *      beginning of `self`. Otherwise, `self` is unmodified.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @param needle The slice to search for.
     * @return `self`
     */
    function beyond(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        if (self._len < needle._len) {
            return self;
        }

        bool equal = true;
        if (self._ptr != needle._ptr) {
            assembly {
                let length := mload(needle)
                let selfptr := mload(add(self, 0x20))
                let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                equal := eq(keccak256(selfptr, length), keccak256(needleptr, length))
            }
        }

        if (equal) {
            self._len -= needle._len;
            self._ptr += needle._len;
        }

        return self;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns true if the slice ends with `needle`.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @param needle The slice to search for.
     * @return True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.
     */
    function endsWith(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
        if (self._len < needle._len) {
            return false;
        }

        uint selfptr = self._ptr + self._len - needle._len;

        if (selfptr == needle._ptr) {
            return true;
        }

        bool equal;
        assembly {
            let length := mload(needle)
            let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
            equal := eq(keccak256(selfptr, length), keccak256(needleptr, length))
        }

        return equal;
    }

    /*
     * @dev If `self` ends with `needle`, `needle` is removed from the
     *      end of `self`. Otherwise, `self` is unmodified.
     * @param self The slice to operate on.
     * @param needle The slice to search for.
     * @return `self`
     */
    function until(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        if (self._len < needle._len) {
            return self;
        }

        uint selfptr = self._ptr + self._len - needle._len;
        bool equal = true;
        if (selfptr != needle._ptr) {
            assembly {
                let length := mload(needle)
                let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                equal := eq(keccak256(selfptr, length), keccak256(needleptr, length))
            }
        }

        if (equal) {
            self._len -= needle._len;
        }

        return self;
    }

    // Returns the memory address of the first byte of the first occurrence of
    // `needle` in `self`, or the first byte after `self` if not found.
    function findPtr(uint selflen, uint selfptr, uint needlelen, uint needleptr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint ptr = selfptr;
        uint idx;

        if (needlelen <= selflen) {
            if (needlelen <= 32) {
                bytes32 mask = bytes32(~(2 ** (8 * (32 - needlelen)) - 1));

                bytes32 needledata;
                assembly { needledata := and(mload(needleptr), mask) }

                uint end = selfptr + selflen - needlelen;
                bytes32 ptrdata;
                assembly { ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask) }

                while (ptrdata != needledata) {
                    if (ptr >= end)
                        return selfptr + selflen;
                    ptr++;
                    assembly { ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask) }
                }
                return ptr;
            } else {
                // For long needles, use hashing
                bytes32 hash;
                assembly { hash := keccak256(needleptr, needlelen) }

                for (idx = 0; idx <= selflen - needlelen; idx++) {
                    bytes32 testHash;
                    assembly { testHash := keccak256(ptr, needlelen) }
                    if (hash == testHash)
                        return ptr;
                    ptr += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return selfptr + selflen;
    }

    // Returns the memory address of the first byte after the last occurrence of
    // `needle` in `self`, or the address of `self` if not found.
    function rfindPtr(uint selflen, uint selfptr, uint needlelen, uint needleptr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint ptr;

        if (needlelen <= selflen) {
            if (needlelen <= 32) {
                bytes32 mask = bytes32(~(2 ** (8 * (32 - needlelen)) - 1));

                bytes32 needledata;
                assembly { needledata := and(mload(needleptr), mask) }

                ptr = selfptr + selflen - needlelen;
                bytes32 ptrdata;
                assembly { ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask) }

                while (ptrdata != needledata) {
                    if (ptr <= selfptr)
                        return selfptr;
                    ptr--;
                    assembly { ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask) }
                }
                return ptr + needlelen;
            } else {
                // For long needles, use hashing
                bytes32 hash;
                assembly { hash := keccak256(needleptr, needlelen) }
                ptr = selfptr + (selflen - needlelen);
                while (ptr >= selfptr) {
                    bytes32 testHash;
                    assembly { testHash := keccak256(ptr, needlelen) }
                    if (hash == testHash)
                        return ptr + needlelen;
                    ptr -= 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return selfptr;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Modifies `self` to contain everything from the first occurrence of
     *      `needle` to the end of the slice. `self` is set to the empty slice
     *      if `needle` is not found.
     * @param self The slice to search and modify.
     * @param needle The text to search for.
     * @return `self`.
     */
    function find(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        uint ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
        self._len -= ptr - self._ptr;
        self._ptr = ptr;
        return self;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Modifies `self` to contain the part of the string from the start of
     *      `self` to the end of the first occurrence of `needle`. If `needle`
     *      is not found, `self` is set to the empty slice.
     * @param self The slice to search and modify.
     * @param needle The text to search for.
     * @return `self`.
     */
    function rfind(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        uint ptr = rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
        self._len = ptr - self._ptr;
        return self;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything after the first
     *      occurrence of `needle`, and `token` to everything before it. If
     *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
     *      and `token` is set to the entirety of `self`.
     * @param self The slice to split.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @param token An output parameter to which the first token is written.
     * @return `token`.
     */
    function split(slice memory self, slice memory needle, slice memory token) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        uint ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
        token._ptr = self._ptr;
        token._len = ptr - self._ptr;
        if (ptr == self._ptr + self._len) {
            // Not found
            self._len = 0;
        } else {
            self._len -= token._len + needle._len;
            self._ptr = ptr + needle._len;
        }
        return token;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything after the first
     *      occurrence of `needle`, and returning everything before it. If
     *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
     *      and the entirety of `self` is returned.
     * @param self The slice to split.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @return The part of `self` up to the first occurrence of `delim`.
     */
    function split(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory token) {
        split(self, needle, token);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything before the last
     *      occurrence of `needle`, and `token` to everything after it. If
     *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
     *      and `token` is set to the entirety of `self`.
     * @param self The slice to split.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @param token An output parameter to which the first token is written.
     * @return `token`.
     */
    function rsplit(slice memory self, slice memory needle, slice memory token) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
        uint ptr = rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
        token._ptr = ptr;
        token._len = self._len - (ptr - self._ptr);
        if (ptr == self._ptr) {
            // Not found
            self._len = 0;
        } else {
            self._len -= token._len + needle._len;
        }
        return token;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything before the last
     *      occurrence of `needle`, and returning everything after it. If
     *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
     *      and the entirety of `self` is returned.
     * @param self The slice to split.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @return The part of `self` after the last occurrence of `delim`.
     */
    function rsplit(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (slice memory token) {
        rsplit(self, needle, token);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Counts the number of nonoverlapping occurrences of `needle` in `self`.
     * @param self The slice to search.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @return The number of occurrences of `needle` found in `self`.
     */
    function count(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (uint cnt) {
        uint ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr) + needle._len;
        while (ptr <= self._ptr + self._len) {
            cnt++;
            ptr = findPtr(self._len - (ptr - self._ptr), ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr) + needle._len;
        }
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns True if `self` contains `needle`.
     * @param self The slice to search.
     * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
     * @return True if `needle` is found in `self`, false otherwise.
     */
    function contains(slice memory self, slice memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr) != self._ptr;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns a newly allocated string containing the concatenation of
     *      `self` and `other`.
     * @param self The first slice to concatenate.
     * @param other The second slice to concatenate.
     * @return The concatenation of the two strings.
     */
    function concat(slice memory self, slice memory other) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory ret = new string(self._len + other._len);
        uint retptr;
        assembly { retptr := add(ret, 32) }
        memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
        memcpy(retptr + self._len, other._ptr, other._len);
        return ret;
    }

    /*
     * @dev Joins an array of slices, using `self` as a delimiter, returning a
     *      newly allocated string.
     * @param self The delimiter to use.
     * @param parts A list of slices to join.
     * @return A newly allocated string containing all the slices in `parts`,
     *         joined with `self`.
     */
    function join(slice memory self, slice[] memory parts) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (parts.length == 0)
            return "";

        uint length = self._len * (parts.length - 1);
        for(uint i = 0; i < parts.length; i++)
            length += parts[i]._len;

        string memory ret = new string(length);
        uint retptr;
        assembly { retptr := add(ret, 32) }

        for(uint i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
            memcpy(retptr, parts[i]._ptr, parts[i]._len);
            retptr += parts[i]._len;
            if (i < parts.length - 1) {
                memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
                retptr += self._len;
            }
        }

        return ret;
    }
}

// Taken from Argent's code base - https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts/blob/develop/contracts/ens/ENS.sol
// with few modifications.



/**
 * ENS Registry interface.
 */
interface ENSRegistry {
    // Logged when the owner of a node assigns a new owner to a subnode.
    event NewOwner(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 indexed label, address owner);

    // Logged when the owner of a node transfers ownership to a new account.
    event Transfer(bytes32 indexed node, address owner);

    // Logged when the resolver for a node changes.
    event NewResolver(bytes32 indexed node, address resolver);

    // Logged when the TTL of a node changes
    event NewTTL(bytes32 indexed node, uint64 ttl);

    function setSubnodeOwner(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner) external;
    function setResolver(bytes32 node, address resolver) external;
    function setOwner(bytes32 node, address owner) external;
    function setTTL(bytes32 node, uint64 ttl) external;
    function owner(bytes32 node) external view returns (address);
    function resolver(bytes32 node) external view returns (address);
    function ttl(bytes32 node) external view returns (uint64);
}


/**
 * ENS Resolver interface.
 */
abstract contract ENSResolver {
    function addr(bytes32 _node) public view virtual returns (address);
    function setAddr(bytes32 _node, address _addr) public virtual;
    function name(bytes32 _node) public view virtual returns (string memory);
    function setName(bytes32 _node, string memory _name) public virtual;
}

/**
 * ENS Reverse Registrar interface.
 */
abstract contract ENSReverseRegistrar {
    function claim(address _owner) public virtual returns (bytes32 _node);
    function claimWithResolver(address _owner, address _resolver) public virtual returns (bytes32);
    function setName(string memory _name) public virtual returns (bytes32);
    function node(address _addr) public view virtual returns (bytes32);
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.







// Taken from Argent's code base - https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts/blob/develop/contracts/ens/ENSConsumer.sol
// with few modifications.





/**
 * @title ENSConsumer
 * @dev Helper contract to resolve ENS names.
 * @author Julien Niset - <julien@argent.im>
 */
contract ENSConsumer {

    using strings for *;

    // namehash('addr.reverse')
    bytes32 constant public ADDR_REVERSE_NODE = 0x91d1777781884d03a6757a803996e38de2a42967fb37eeaca72729271025a9e2;

    // the address of the ENS registry
    address ensRegistry;

    /**
    * @dev No address should be provided when deploying on Mainnet to avoid storage cost. The
    * contract will use the hardcoded value.
    */
    constructor(address _ensRegistry) {
        ensRegistry = _ensRegistry;
    }

    /**
    * @dev Resolves an ENS name to an address.
    * @param _node The namehash of the ENS name.
    */
    function resolveEns(bytes32 _node) public view returns (address) {
        address resolver = getENSRegistry().resolver(_node);
        return ENSResolver(resolver).addr(_node);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Gets the official ENS registry.
    */
    function getENSRegistry() public view returns (ENSRegistry) {
        return ENSRegistry(ensRegistry);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Gets the official ENS reverse registrar.
    */
    function getENSReverseRegistrar() public view returns (ENSReverseRegistrar) {
        return ENSReverseRegistrar(getENSRegistry().owner(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE));
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title ModuleRegistry
/// @dev A registry for modules.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
interface ModuleRegistry
{
    /// @dev Registers and enables a new module.
    function registerModule(address module) external;

    /// @dev Disables a module
    function disableModule(address module) external;

    /// @dev Returns true if the module is registered and enabled.
    function isModuleEnabled(address module) external view returns (bool);

    /// @dev Returns the list of enabled modules.
    function enabledModules() external view returns (address[] memory _modules);

    /// @dev Returns the number of enbaled modules.
    function numOfEnabledModules() external view returns (uint);

    /// @dev Returns true if the module is ever registered.
    function isModuleRegistered(address module) external view returns (bool);
}




/// @title Controller
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
abstract contract Controller
{
    ModuleRegistry public moduleRegistry;
    WalletRegistry public walletRegistry;
    address        public walletFactory;
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title ReentrancyGuard
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
/// @dev Exposes a modifier that guards a function against reentrancy
///      Changing the value of the same storage value multiple times in a transaction
///      is cheap (starting from Istanbul) so there is no need to minimize
///      the number of times the value is changed
contract ReentrancyGuard
{
    //The default value must be 0 in order to work behind a proxy.
    uint private _guardValue;

    modifier nonReentrant()
    {
        require(_guardValue == 0, "REENTRANCY");
        _guardValue = 1;
        _;
        _guardValue = 0;
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title ERC20 Token Interface
/// @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
abstract contract ERC20
{
    function totalSupply()
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint);

    function balanceOf(
        address who
        )
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint);

    function allowance(
        address owner,
        address spender
        )
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint);

    function transfer(
        address to,
        uint value
        )
        public
        virtual
        returns (bool);

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint    value
        )
        public
        virtual
        returns (bool);

    function approve(
        address spender,
        uint    value
        )
        public
        virtual
        returns (bool);
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title Wallet
/// @dev Base contract for smart wallets.
///      Sub-contracts must NOT use non-default constructor to initialize
///      wallet states, instead, `init` shall be used. This is to enable
///      proxies to be deployed in front of the real wallet contract for
///      saving gas.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
interface Wallet
{
    function version() external pure returns (string memory);

    function owner() external view returns (address);

    /// @dev Set a new owner.
    function setOwner(address newOwner) external;

    /// @dev Adds a new module. The `init` method of the module
    ///      will be called with `address(this)` as the parameter.
    ///      This method must throw if the module has already been added.
    /// @param _module The module's address.
    function addModule(address _module) external;

    /// @dev Removes an existing module. This method must throw if the module
    ///      has NOT been added or the module is the wallet's only module.
    /// @param _module The module's address.
    function removeModule(address _module) external;

    /// @dev Checks if a module has been added to this wallet.
    /// @param _module The module to check.
    /// @return True if the module exists; False otherwise.
    function hasModule(address _module) external view returns (bool);

    /// @dev Binds a method from the given module to this
    ///      wallet so the method can be invoked using this wallet's default
    ///      function.
    ///      Note that this method must throw when the given module has
    ///      not been added to this wallet.
    /// @param _method The method's 4-byte selector.
    /// @param _module The module's address. Use address(0) to unbind the method.
    function bindMethod(bytes4 _method, address _module) external;

    /// @dev Returns the module the given method has been bound to.
    /// @param _method The method's 4-byte selector.
    /// @return _module The address of the bound module. If no binding exists,
    ///                 returns address(0) instead.
    function boundMethodModule(bytes4 _method) external view returns (address _module);

    /// @dev Performs generic transactions. Any module that has been added to this
    ///      wallet can use this method to transact on any third-party contract with
    ///      msg.sender as this wallet itself.
    ///
    ///      This method will emit `Transacted` event if it doesn't throw.
    ///
    ///      Note: this method must ONLY allow invocations from a module that has
    ///      been added to this wallet. The wallet owner shall NOT be permitted
    ///      to call this method directly.
    ///
    /// @param mode The transaction mode, 1 for CALL, 2 for DELEGATECALL.
    /// @param to The desitination address.
    /// @param value The amount of Ether to transfer.
    /// @param data The data to send over using `to.call{value: value}(data)`
    /// @return returnData The transaction's return value.
    function transact(
        uint8    mode,
        address  to,
        uint     value,
        bytes    calldata data
        )
        external
        returns (bytes memory returnData);
}

// Taken from Argent's code base - https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts/blob/develop/contracts/ens/ArgentENSManager.sol
// with few modifications.








/**
 * @dev Interface for an ENS Mananger.
 */
interface IENSManager {
    function changeRootnodeOwner(address _newOwner) external;

    function isAvailable(bytes32 _subnode) external view returns (bool);

    function resolveName(address _wallet) external view returns (string memory);

    function register(
        address _wallet,
        address _owner,
        string  calldata _label,
        bytes   calldata _approval
    ) external;
}

/**
 * @title BaseENSManager
 * @dev Implementation of an ENS manager that orchestrates the complete
 * registration of subdomains for a single root (e.g. argent.eth).
 * The contract defines a manager role who is the only role that can trigger the registration of
 * a new subdomain.
 * @author Julien Niset - <julien@argent.im>
 */
contract BaseENSManager is IENSManager, OwnerManagable, ENSConsumer {

    using strings for *;
    using BytesUtil     for bytes;
    using MathUint      for uint;

    // The managed root name
    string public rootName;
    // The managed root node
    bytes32 public rootNode;
    // The address of the ENS resolver
    address public ensResolver;

    // *************** Events *************************** //

    event RootnodeOwnerChange(bytes32 indexed _rootnode, address indexed _newOwner);
    event ENSResolverChanged(address addr);
    event Registered(address indexed _wallet, address _owner, string _ens);
    event Unregistered(string _ens);

    // *************** Constructor ********************** //

    /**
     * @dev Constructor that sets the ENS root name and root node to manage.
     * @param _rootName The root name (e.g. argentx.eth).
     * @param _rootNode The node of the root name (e.g. namehash(argentx.eth)).
     */
    constructor(string memory _rootName, bytes32 _rootNode, address _ensRegistry, address _ensResolver)
        ENSConsumer(_ensRegistry)
    {
        rootName = _rootName;
        rootNode = _rootNode;
        ensResolver = _ensResolver;
    }

    // *************** External Functions ********************* //

    /**
     * @dev This function must be called when the ENS Manager contract is replaced
     * and the address of the new Manager should be provided.
     * @param _newOwner The address of the new ENS manager that will manage the root node.
     */
    function changeRootnodeOwner(address _newOwner) external override onlyOwner {
        getENSRegistry().setOwner(rootNode, _newOwner);
        emit RootnodeOwnerChange(rootNode, _newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Lets the owner change the address of the ENS resolver contract.
     * @param _ensResolver The address of the ENS resolver contract.
     */
    function changeENSResolver(address _ensResolver) external onlyOwner {
        require(_ensResolver != address(0), "WF: address cannot be null");
        ensResolver = _ensResolver;
        emit ENSResolverChanged(_ensResolver);
    }

    /**
    * @dev Lets the manager assign an ENS subdomain of the root node to a target address.
    * Registers both the forward and reverse ENS.
    * @param _wallet The wallet which owns the subdomain.
    * @param _owner The wallet's owner.
    * @param _label The subdomain label.
    * @param _approval The signature of _wallet, _owner and _label by a manager.
    */
    function register(
        address _wallet,
        address _owner,
        string  calldata _label,
        bytes   calldata _approval
        )
        external
        override
        onlyManager
    {
        verifyApproval(_wallet, _owner, _label, _approval);

        bytes32 labelNode = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_label));
        bytes32 node = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(rootNode, labelNode));
        address currentOwner = getENSRegistry().owner(node);
        require(currentOwner == address(0), "AEM: _label is alrealdy owned");

        // Forward ENS
        getENSRegistry().setSubnodeOwner(rootNode, labelNode, address(this));
        getENSRegistry().setResolver(node, ensResolver);
        getENSRegistry().setOwner(node, _wallet);
        ENSResolver(ensResolver).setAddr(node, _wallet);

        // Reverse ENS
        strings.slice[] memory parts = new strings.slice[](2);
        parts[0] = _label.toSlice();
        parts[1] = rootName.toSlice();
        string memory name = ".".toSlice().join(parts);
        bytes32 reverseNode = getENSReverseRegistrar().node(_wallet);
        ENSResolver(ensResolver).setName(reverseNode, name);

        emit Registered(_wallet, _owner, name);
    }

    // *************** Public Functions ********************* //

    /**
    * @dev Resolves an address to an ENS name
    * @param _wallet The ENS owner address
    */
    function resolveName(address _wallet) public view override returns (string memory) {
        bytes32 reverseNode = getENSReverseRegistrar().node(_wallet);
        return ENSResolver(ensResolver).name(reverseNode);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true is a given subnode is available.
     * @param _subnode The target subnode.
     * @return true if the subnode is available.
     */
    function isAvailable(bytes32 _subnode) public view override returns (bool) {
        bytes32 node = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(rootNode, _subnode));
        address currentOwner = getENSRegistry().owner(node);
        if(currentOwner == address(0)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    function verifyApproval(
        address _wallet,
        address _owner,
        string  memory _label,
        bytes   memory _approval
        )
        internal
        view
    {
        bytes32 messageHash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
                _wallet,
                _owner,
                _label
            )
        );

        bytes32 hash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32",
                messageHash
            )
        );

        address signer = SignatureUtil.recoverECDSASigner(hash, _approval);
        require(isManager(signer), "UNAUTHORIZED");
    }

}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title PriceOracle
interface PriceOracle
{
    // @dev Return's the token's value in ETH
    function tokenValue(address token, uint amount)
        external
        view
        returns (uint value);
}
// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.





// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.







// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






/// @title DappAddressStore
/// @dev This store maintains global whitelist dapps.
contract DappAddressStore is DataStore, OwnerManagable
{
    bytes32 internal constant DAPPS = keccak256("__DAPPS__");

    event Whitelisted(
        address addr,
        bool    whitelisted
    );

    constructor() DataStore() {}

    function addDapp(address addr)
        public
        onlyManager
    {
        addAddressToSet(DAPPS, addr, true);
        emit Whitelisted(addr, true);
    }

    function removeDapp(address addr)
        public
        onlyManager
    {
        removeAddressFromSet(DAPPS, addr);
        emit Whitelisted(addr, false);
    }

    function dapps()
        public
        view
        returns (
            address[] memory addresses
        )
    {
        return addressesInSet(DAPPS);
    }

    function isDapp(
        address addr
        )
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return isAddressInSet(DAPPS, addr);
    }

    function numDapps()
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        return numAddressesInSet(DAPPS);
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






/// @title HashStore
/// @dev This store maintains all hashes for SignedRequest.
contract HashStore is DataStore
{
    // wallet => hash => consumed
    mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => bool)) public hashes;

    constructor() {}

    function verifyAndUpdate(address wallet, bytes32 hash)
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        require(!hashes[wallet][hash], "HASH_EXIST");
        hashes[wallet][hash] = true;
    }
}


// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






/// @title NonceStore
/// @dev This store maintains all nonces for metaTx
contract NonceStore is DataStore
{
    mapping(address => uint) public nonces;

    constructor() DataStore() {}

    function lastNonce(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        return nonces[wallet];
    }

    function isNonceValid(address wallet, uint nonce)
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return nonce > nonces[wallet] && (nonce >> 128) <= block.number;
    }

    function verifyAndUpdate(address wallet, uint nonce)
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        require(isNonceValid(wallet, nonce), "INVALID_NONCE");
        nonces[wallet] = nonce;
    }
}


// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.







/// @title QuotaStore
/// @dev This store maintains daily spending quota for each wallet.
///      A rolling daily limit is used.
contract QuotaStore is DataStore, Claimable
{
    using MathUint for uint;
    using SafeCast for uint;

    uint128 public defaultQuota;

    // Optimized to fit into 64 bytes (2 slots)
    struct Quota
    {
        uint128 currentQuota; // 0 indicates default
        uint128 pendingQuota;
        uint128 spentAmount;
        uint64  spentTimestamp;
        uint64  pendingUntil;
    }

    mapping (address => Quota) public quotas;

    event DefaultQuotaChanged(
        uint prevValue,
        uint currentValue
    );

    event QuotaScheduled(
        address wallet,
        uint    pendingQuota,
        uint64  pendingUntil
    );

    constructor(uint128 _defaultQuota)
        DataStore()
    {
        defaultQuota = _defaultQuota;
    }

    function changeDefaultQuota(uint128 _defaultQuota)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(
            _defaultQuota != defaultQuota &&
            _defaultQuota >= 1 ether &&
            _defaultQuota <= 100 ether,
            "INVALID_DEFAULT_QUOTA"
        );
        emit DefaultQuotaChanged(defaultQuota, _defaultQuota);
        defaultQuota = _defaultQuota;
    }

    function changeQuota(
        address wallet,
        uint    newQuota,
        uint    effectiveTime
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        quotas[wallet].currentQuota = currentQuota(wallet).toUint128();
        quotas[wallet].pendingQuota = newQuota.toUint128();
        quotas[wallet].pendingUntil = effectiveTime.toUint64();

        emit QuotaScheduled(
            wallet,
            newQuota,
            quotas[wallet].pendingUntil
        );
    }

    function checkAndAddToSpent(
        address wallet,
        uint    amount
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        require(hasEnoughQuota(wallet, amount), "QUOTA_EXCEEDED");
        addToSpent(wallet, amount);
    }

    function addToSpent(
        address wallet,
        uint    amount
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        Quota storage q = quotas[wallet];
        q.spentAmount = spentQuota(wallet).add(amount).toUint128();
        q.spentTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);
    }

    function currentQuota(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        Quota storage q = quotas[wallet];
        uint value = q.pendingUntil <= block.timestamp ?
            q.pendingQuota : q.currentQuota;

        return value == 0 ? defaultQuota : value;
    }

    function pendingQuota(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (
            uint _pendingQuota,
            uint _pendingUntil
        )
    {
        Quota storage q = quotas[wallet];
        if (q.pendingUntil > 0 && q.pendingUntil > block.timestamp) {
            _pendingQuota = q.pendingQuota > 0 ? q.pendingQuota : defaultQuota;
            _pendingUntil = q.pendingUntil;
        }
    }

    function spentQuota(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        Quota storage q = quotas[wallet];
        uint timeSinceLastSpent = block.timestamp.sub(q.spentTimestamp);
        if (timeSinceLastSpent < 1 days) {
            return uint(q.spentAmount).sub(timeSinceLastSpent.mul(q.spentAmount) / 1 days);
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    function availableQuota(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        uint quota = currentQuota(wallet);
        uint spent = spentQuota(wallet);
        return quota > spent ? quota - spent : 0;
    }

    function hasEnoughQuota(
        address wallet,
        uint    requiredAmount
        )
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return availableQuota(wallet) >= requiredAmount;
    }
}


// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.

pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;







/// @title SecurityStore
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
contract SecurityStore is DataStore
{
    using MathUint for uint;
    using SafeCast for uint;

    struct Wallet
    {
        address    inheritor;
        uint64     lastActive; // the latest timestamp the owner is considered to be active
        address    lockedBy;   // the module that locked the wallet.
        uint64     lock;

        Data.Guardian[]            guardians;
        mapping (address => uint)  guardianIdx;
    }

    mapping (address => Wallet) public wallets;

    constructor() DataStore() {}

    function isGuardian(
        address wallet,
        address addr
        )
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        Data.Guardian memory guardian = getGuardian(wallet, addr);
        return guardian.addr != address(0) && isGuardianActive(guardian);
    }

    function isGuardianOrPendingAddition(
        address wallet,
        address addr
        )
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        Data.Guardian memory guardian = getGuardian(wallet, addr);
        return guardian.addr != address(0) &&
            (isGuardianActive(guardian) || isGuardianPendingAddition(guardian));
    }

    function getGuardian(
        address wallet,
        address guardianAddr
        )
        public
        view
        returns (Data.Guardian memory)
    {
        uint index = wallets[wallet].guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
        if (index > 0) {
            return wallets[wallet].guardians[index-1];
        }
    }

    // @dev Returns active guardians.
    function guardians(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (Data.Guardian[] memory _guardians)
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        _guardians = new Data.Guardian[](w.guardians.length);
        uint index = 0;
        for (uint i = 0; i < w.guardians.length; i++) {
            Data.Guardian memory g = w.guardians[i];
            if (isGuardianActive(g)) {
                _guardians[index] = g;
                index ++;
            }
        }
        assembly { mstore(_guardians, index) }
    }

    // @dev Returns the number of active guardians.
    function numGuardians(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint count)
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        for (uint i = 0; i < w.guardians.length; i++) {
            if (isGuardianActive(w.guardians[i])) {
                count ++;
            }
        }
    }

    // @dev Returns guardians who are either active or pending addition.
    function guardiansWithPending(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (Data.Guardian[] memory _guardians)
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        _guardians = new Data.Guardian[](w.guardians.length);
        uint index = 0;
        for (uint i = 0; i < w.guardians.length; i++) {
            Data.Guardian memory g = w.guardians[i];
            if (isGuardianActive(g) || isGuardianPendingAddition(g)) {
                _guardians[index] = g;
                index ++;
            }
        }
        assembly { mstore(_guardians, index) }
    }

    // @dev Returns the number of guardians who are active or pending addition.
    function numGuardiansWithPending(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint count)
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        for (uint i = 0; i < w.guardians.length; i++) {
            Data.Guardian memory g = w.guardians[i];
            if (isGuardianActive(g) || isGuardianPendingAddition(g)) {
                count ++;
            }
        }
    }

    function addGuardian(
        address wallet,
        address guardianAddr,
        uint    group,
        uint    validSince
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        cleanRemovedGuardians(wallet);

        require(guardianAddr != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];

        uint pos = w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
        require(pos == 0, "GUARDIAN_EXISTS");

        // Add the new guardian
        Data.Guardian memory g = Data.Guardian(
            guardianAddr,
            group.toUint16(),
            validSince.toUint40(),
            uint40(0)
        );
        w.guardians.push(g);
        w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr] = w.guardians.length;
    }

    function cancelGuardianAddition(
        address wallet,
        address guardianAddr
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        cleanRemovedGuardians(wallet);

        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        uint idx = w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
        require(idx > 0, "GUARDIAN_NOT_EXISTS");
        require(
            isGuardianPendingAddition(w.guardians[idx - 1]),
            "NOT_PENDING_ADDITION"
        );

        Data.Guardian memory lastGuardian = w.guardians[w.guardians.length - 1];
        if (guardianAddr != lastGuardian.addr) {
            w.guardians[idx - 1] = lastGuardian;
            w.guardianIdx[lastGuardian.addr] = idx;
        }
        w.guardians.pop();
        delete w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
    }

    function removeGuardian(
        address wallet,
        address guardianAddr,
        uint    validUntil
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        cleanRemovedGuardians(wallet);

        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        uint idx = w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
        require(idx > 0, "GUARDIAN_NOT_EXISTS");

        w.guardians[idx - 1].validUntil = validUntil.toUint40();
    }

    function removeAllGuardians(address wallet)
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        for (uint i = 0; i < w.guardians.length; i++) {
            delete w.guardianIdx[w.guardians[i].addr];
        }
        delete w.guardians;
    }

    function cancelGuardianRemoval(
        address wallet,
        address guardianAddr
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        cleanRemovedGuardians(wallet);

        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];
        uint idx = w.guardianIdx[guardianAddr];
        require(idx > 0, "GUARDIAN_NOT_EXISTS");

        require(
            isGuardianPendingRemoval(w.guardians[idx - 1]),
            "NOT_PENDING_REMOVAL"
        );

        w.guardians[idx - 1].validUntil = 0;
    }

    function getLock(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint _lock, address _lockedBy)
    {
        _lock = wallets[wallet].lock;
        _lockedBy = wallets[wallet].lockedBy;
    }

    function setLock(
        address wallet,
        uint    lock
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        require(lock == 0 || lock > block.timestamp, "INVALID_LOCK_TIME");

        wallets[wallet].lock = lock.toUint64();
        wallets[wallet].lockedBy = msg.sender;
    }

    function lastActive(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        return wallets[wallet].lastActive;
    }

    function touchLastActive(address wallet)
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        wallets[wallet].lastActive = uint64(block.timestamp);
    }

    function inheritor(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address _who,
            uint    _lastActive
        )
    {
        _who = wallets[wallet].inheritor;
        _lastActive = wallets[wallet].lastActive;
    }

    function setInheritor(address wallet, address who)
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        wallets[wallet].inheritor = who;
        wallets[wallet].lastActive = uint64(block.timestamp);
    }

    function cleanRemovedGuardians(address wallet)
        private
    {
        Wallet storage w = wallets[wallet];

        for (int i = int(w.guardians.length) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            Data.Guardian memory g = w.guardians[uint(i)];
            if (isGuardianExpired(g)) {
                Data.Guardian memory lastGuardian = w.guardians[w.guardians.length - 1];

                if (g.addr != lastGuardian.addr) {
                    w.guardians[uint(i)] = lastGuardian;
                    w.guardianIdx[lastGuardian.addr] = uint(i) + 1;
                }
                w.guardians.pop();
                delete w.guardianIdx[g.addr];
            }
        }
    }

    function isGuardianActive(Data.Guardian memory guardian)
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return guardian.validSince > 0 && guardian.validSince <= block.timestamp &&
            !isGuardianExpired(guardian);
    }

    function isGuardianPendingAddition(Data.Guardian memory guardian)
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return guardian.validSince > block.timestamp;
    }

    function isGuardianPendingRemoval(Data.Guardian memory guardian)
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return guardian.validUntil > block.timestamp;
    }

    function isGuardianExpired(Data.Guardian memory guardian)
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return guardian.validUntil > 0 &&
            guardian.validUntil <= block.timestamp;
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






/// @title WhitelistStore
/// @dev This store maintains a wallet's whitelisted addresses.
contract WhitelistStore is DataStore, AddressSet
{
    // wallet => whitelisted_addr => effective_since
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint)) public effectiveTimeMap;

    event Whitelisted(
        address wallet,
        address addr,
        bool    whitelisted,
        uint    effectiveTime
    );

    constructor() DataStore() {}

    function addToWhitelist(
        address wallet,
        address addr,
        uint    effectiveTime
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        addAddressToSet(walletKey(wallet), addr, true);
        uint effective = effectiveTime >= block.timestamp ? effectiveTime : block.timestamp;
        effectiveTimeMap[wallet][addr] = effective;
        emit Whitelisted(wallet, addr, true, effective);
    }

    function removeFromWhitelist(
        address wallet,
        address addr
        )
        public
        onlyWalletModule(wallet)
    {
        removeAddressFromSet(walletKey(wallet), addr);
        delete effectiveTimeMap[wallet][addr];
        emit Whitelisted(wallet, addr, false, 0);
    }

    function whitelist(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address[] memory addresses,
            uint[]    memory effectiveTimes
        )
    {
        addresses = addressesInSet(walletKey(wallet));
        effectiveTimes = new uint[](addresses.length);
        for (uint i = 0; i < addresses.length; i++) {
            effectiveTimes[i] = effectiveTimeMap[wallet][addresses[i]];
        }
    }

    function isWhitelisted(
        address wallet,
        address addr
        )
        public
        view
        returns (
            bool isWhitelistedAndEffective,
            uint effectiveTime
        )
    {
        effectiveTime = effectiveTimeMap[wallet][addr];
        isWhitelistedAndEffective = effectiveTime > 0 && effectiveTime <= block.timestamp;
    }

    function whitelistSize(address wallet)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        return numAddressesInSet(walletKey(wallet));
    }

    function walletKey(address addr)
        public
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("__WHITELIST__", addr));
    }
}




/// @title ControllerImpl
/// @dev Basic implementation of a Controller.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
contract ControllerImpl is Claimable, Controller
{
    address             public collectTo;
    uint                public defaultLockPeriod;
    BaseENSManager      public ensManager;
    PriceOracle         public priceOracle;
    DappAddressStore    public dappAddressStore;
    HashStore           public hashStore;
    NonceStore          public nonceStore;
    QuotaStore          public quotaStore;
    SecurityStore       public securityStore;
    WhitelistStore      public whitelistStore;

    // Make sure this value if false in production env.
    // Ideally we can use chainid(), but there is a bug in truffle so testing is buggy:
    // https://github.com/trufflesuite/ganache/issues/1643
    bool                public allowChangingWalletFactory;

    event AddressChanged(
        string   name,
        address  addr
    );

    constructor(
        ModuleRegistry    _moduleRegistry,
        WalletRegistry    _walletRegistry,
        uint              _defaultLockPeriod,
        address           _collectTo,
        BaseENSManager    _ensManager,
        PriceOracle       _priceOracle,
        bool              _allowChangingWalletFactory
        )
    {
        moduleRegistry = _moduleRegistry;
        walletRegistry = _walletRegistry;

        defaultLockPeriod = _defaultLockPeriod;

        require(_collectTo != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        collectTo = _collectTo;

        ensManager = _ensManager;
        priceOracle = _priceOracle;
        allowChangingWalletFactory = _allowChangingWalletFactory;
    }

    function initStores(
        DappAddressStore  _dappAddressStore,
        HashStore         _hashStore,
        NonceStore        _nonceStore,
        QuotaStore        _quotaStore,
        SecurityStore     _securityStore,
        WhitelistStore    _whitelistStore
        )
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(
            address(_dappAddressStore) != address(0),
            "ZERO_ADDRESS"
        );

        // Make sure this function can only invoked once.
        require(
            address(dappAddressStore) == address(0),
            "INITIALIZED_ALREADY"
        );

        dappAddressStore = _dappAddressStore;
        hashStore = _hashStore;
        nonceStore = _nonceStore;
        quotaStore = _quotaStore;
        securityStore = _securityStore;
        whitelistStore = _whitelistStore;
    }

    function initWalletFactory(address _walletFactory)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(
            allowChangingWalletFactory || walletFactory == address(0),
            "INITIALIZED_ALREADY"
        );
        require(_walletFactory != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        walletFactory = _walletFactory;
        emit AddressChanged("WalletFactory", walletFactory);
    }

    function setCollectTo(address _collectTo)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(_collectTo != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        collectTo = _collectTo;
        emit AddressChanged("CollectTo", collectTo);
    }

    function setPriceOracle(PriceOracle _priceOracle)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        priceOracle = _priceOracle;
        emit AddressChanged("PriceOracle", address(priceOracle));
    }

}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



library EIP712
{
    struct Domain {
        string  name;
        string  version;
        address verifyingContract;
    }

    bytes32 constant internal EIP712_DOMAIN_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
        "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
    );

    string constant internal EIP191_HEADER = "\x19\x01";

    function hash(Domain memory domain)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        uint _chainid;
        assembly { _chainid := chainid() }

        return keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                EIP712_DOMAIN_TYPEHASH,
                keccak256(bytes(domain.name)),
                keccak256(bytes(domain.version)),
                _chainid,
                domain.verifyingContract
            )
        );
    }

    function hashPacked(
        bytes32 domainSeperator,
        bytes   memory encodedData
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(EIP191_HEADER, domainSeperator, keccak256(encodedData))
        );
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



/// @title Utility Functions for addresses
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
library AddressUtil
{
    using AddressUtil for *;

    function isContract(
        address addr
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
        // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
        // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
        bytes32 codehash;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { codehash := extcodehash(addr) }
        return (codehash != 0x0 &&
                codehash != 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470);
    }

    function toPayable(
        address addr
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (address payable)
    {
        return address(uint160(addr));
    }

    // Works like address.send but with a customizable gas limit
    // Make sure your code is safe for reentrancy when using this function!
    function sendETH(
        address to,
        uint    amount,
        uint    gasLimit
        )
        internal
        returns (bool success)
    {
        if (amount == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        address payable recipient = to.toPayable();
        /* solium-disable-next-line */
        (success,) = recipient.call{value: amount, gas: gasLimit}("");
    }

    // Works like address.transfer but with a customizable gas limit
    // Make sure your code is safe for reentrancy when using this function!
    function sendETHAndVerify(
        address to,
        uint    amount,
        uint    gasLimit
        )
        internal
        returns (bool success)
    {
        success = to.sendETH(amount, gasLimit);
        require(success, "TRANSFER_FAILURE");
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






/// @title Module
/// @dev Base contract for all smart wallet modules.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
interface Module
{
    /// @dev Activates the module for the given wallet (msg.sender) after the module is added.
    ///      Warning: this method shall ONLY be callable by a wallet.
    function activate() external;

    /// @dev Deactivates the module for the given wallet (msg.sender) before the module is removed.
    ///      Warning: this method shall ONLY be callable by a wallet.
    function deactivate() external;
}

//Mainly taken from https://github.com/GNSPS/solidity-bytes-utils/blob/master/contracts/BytesLib.sol


library BytesUtil {
    function slice(
        bytes memory _bytes,
        uint _start,
        uint _length
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + _length));

        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            switch iszero(_length)
            case 0 {
                // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                // Solidity does for memory variables.
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                // the actual length of the slice.
                let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

                // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                let end := add(mc, _length)

                for {
                    // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                    // as the one above.
                    let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                }

                mstore(tempBytes, _length)

                //update free-memory pointer
                //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
            }
            //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
            default {
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
            }
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (address) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 20));
        address tempAddress;

        assembly {
            tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
        }

        return tempAddress;
    }

    function toUint8(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint8) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 1));
        uint8 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint16(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint16) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 2));
        uint16 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x2), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint24(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint24) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 3));
        uint24 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x3), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint32(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 4));
        uint32 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x4), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint64(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint64) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 8));
        uint64 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x8), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint96(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint96) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 12));
        uint96 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0xc), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint128(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint128) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 16));
        uint128 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x10), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (uint256) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 32));
        uint256 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toBytes4(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (bytes4) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 4));
        bytes4 tempBytes4;

        assembly {
            tempBytes4 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempBytes4;
    }

    function toBytes32(bytes memory _bytes, uint _start) internal  pure returns (bytes32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= (_start + 32));
        bytes32 tempBytes32;

        assembly {
            tempBytes32 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempBytes32;
    }

    function fastSHA256(
        bytes memory data
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        bytes32[] memory result = new bytes32[](1);
        bool success;
        assembly {
             let ptr := add(data, 32)
             success := staticcall(sub(gas(), 2000), 2, ptr, mload(data), add(result, 32), 32)
        }
        require(success, "SHA256_FAILED");
        return result[0];
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.








/// @title SignatureUtil
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
/// @dev This method supports multihash standard. Each signature's first byte indicates
///      the signature's type, the second byte indicates the signature's length, therefore,
///      each signature will have 2 extra bytes prefix. Mulitple signatures are concatenated
///      together.
library SignatureUtil
{
    using BytesUtil     for bytes;
    using MathUint      for uint;
    using AddressUtil   for address;

    enum SignatureType {
        ILLEGAL,
        INVALID,
        EIP_712,
        ETH_SIGN,
        WALLET   // deprecated
    }

    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_MAGICVALUE = 0x20c13b0b;

    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES_SELECTOR = bytes4(
        keccak256(bytes("isValidSignature(bytes,bytes)"))
    );

    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES32_SELECTOR = bytes4(
        keccak256(bytes("isValidSignature(bytes32,bytes)"))
    );

    function verifySignatures(
        bytes32          signHash,
        address[] memory signers,
        bytes[]   memory signatures
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return verifySignatures(abi.encodePacked(signHash), signers, signatures);
    }

    function verifySignatures(
        bytes     memory data,
        address[] memory signers,
        bytes[]   memory signatures
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        require(signers.length == signatures.length, "BAD_SIGNATURE_DATA");
        address lastSigner;
        for (uint i = 0; i < signers.length; i++) {
            require(signers[i] > lastSigner, "INVALID_SIGNERS_ORDER");
            lastSigner = signers[i];
            if (!verifySignature(data, signers[i], signatures[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    function verifySignature(
        bytes   memory data,
        address        signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return signer.isContract() ?
            verifyERC1271Signature(data, signer, signature) :
            verifyEOASignature(data, signer, signature);
    }

    function verifySignature(
        bytes32        signHash,
        address        signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return verifySignature(abi.encodePacked(signHash), signer, signature);
    }

    function recoverECDSASigner(
        bytes32      signHash,
        bytes memory signature
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (address)
    {
        if (signature.length != 65) {
            return address(0);
        }

        bytes32 r;
        bytes32 s;
        uint8   v;
        // we jump 32 (0x20) as the first slot of bytes contains the length
        // we jump 65 (0x41) per signature
        // for v we load 32 bytes ending with v (the first 31 come from s) then apply a mask
        assembly {
            r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
            s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
            v := and(mload(add(signature, 0x41)), 0xff)
        }
        // See https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/cryptography/ECDSA.sol
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return address(0);
        }
        if (v == 27 || v == 28) {
            return ecrecover(signHash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return address(0);
        }
    }

    function recoverECDSASigner(
        bytes memory data,
        bytes memory signature
        )
        internal
        pure
        returns (address addr1, address addr2)
    {
        if (data.length == 32) {
            addr1 = recoverECDSASigner(data.toBytes32(0), signature);
        }
        addr2 = recoverECDSASigner(keccak256(data), signature);
    }

    function verifyEOASignature(
        bytes   memory data,
        address        signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        private
        pure
        returns (bool)
    {
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return false;
        }

        uint signatureTypeOffset = signature.length.sub(1);
        SignatureType signatureType = SignatureType(signature.toUint8(signatureTypeOffset));

        bytes memory stripped = signature.slice(0, signatureTypeOffset);

        if (signatureType == SignatureType.EIP_712) {
            (address addr1, address addr2) = recoverECDSASigner(data, stripped);
            return addr1 == signer || addr2 == signer;
        } else if (signatureType == SignatureType.ETH_SIGN) {
            if (data.length == 32) {
                bytes32 hash = keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", data.toBytes32(0))
                );
                if (recoverECDSASigner(hash, stripped) == signer) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            bytes32 hash = keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", keccak256(data))
            );
            return recoverECDSASigner(hash, stripped) == signer;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    function verifyERC1271Signature(
        bytes   memory data,
        address signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return data.length == 32 &&
            verifyERC1271WithBytes32(data.toBytes32(0), signer, signature) ||
            verifyERC1271WithBytes(data, signer, signature);
    }

    function verifyERC1271WithBytes(
        bytes   memory data,
        address signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes memory callData = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES_SELECTOR,
            data,
            signature
        );
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(callData);
        return (
            success &&
            result.length == 32 &&
            result.toBytes4(0) == ERC1271_MAGICVALUE
        );
    }

    function verifyERC1271WithBytes32(
        bytes32 hash,
        address signer,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        private
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes memory callData = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES32_SELECTOR,
            hash,
            signature
        );
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(callData);
        return (
            success &&
            result.length == 32 &&
            result.toBytes4(0) == ERC1271_MAGICVALUE
        );
    }
}

// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.




// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.






// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.


abstract contract ERC1271 {
    // bytes4(keccak256("isValidSignature(bytes,bytes)")
    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_MAGICVALUE = 0x20c13b0b;

    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES_SELECTOR = bytes4(
        keccak256(bytes("isValidSignature(bytes,bytes)"))
    );

    bytes4 constant internal ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES32_SELECTOR = bytes4(
        keccak256(bytes("isValidSignature(bytes32,bytes)"))
    );

    /**
     * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
     * @param _data Arbitrary length data signed on the behalf of address(this)
     * @param _signature Signature byte array associated with _data
     *
     * MUST return the bytes4 magic value 0x20c13b0b when function passes.
     * MUST NOT modify state (using STATICCALL for solc < 0.5, view modifier for solc > 0.5)
     * MUST allow external calls
     */
    function isValidSignature(
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _signature)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (bytes4 magicValue);

    function isValidSignature(
        bytes32      _hash,
        bytes memory _signature)
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (bytes4 magicValue)
    {
        return isValidSignature(abi.encodePacked(_hash), _signature);
    }
}



// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.












/// @title BaseModule
/// @dev This contract implements some common functions that are likely
///      be useful for all modules.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
abstract contract BaseModule is ReentrancyGuard, Module
{
    using MathUint      for uint;
    using AddressUtil   for address;

    event Activated   (address wallet);
    event Deactivated (address wallet);

    function logicalSender()
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (address payable)
    {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    modifier onlyWalletOwner(address wallet, address addr)
        virtual
    {
        require(Wallet(wallet).owner() == addr, "NOT_WALLET_OWNER");
        _;
    }

    modifier notWalletOwner(address wallet, address addr)
        virtual
    {
        require(Wallet(wallet).owner() != addr, "IS_WALLET_OWNER");
        _;
    }

    modifier eligibleWalletOwner(address addr)
    {
        require(addr != address(0) && !addr.isContract(), "INVALID_OWNER");
        _;
    }

    function controller()
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns(ControllerImpl);

    /// @dev This method will cause an re-entry to the same module contract.
    function activate()
        external
        override
        virtual
    {
        address wallet = logicalSender();
        bindMethods(wallet);
        emit Activated(wallet);
    }

    /// @dev This method will cause an re-entry to the same module contract.
    function deactivate()
        external
        override
        virtual
    {
        address wallet = logicalSender();
        unbindMethods(wallet);
        emit Deactivated(wallet);
    }

    ///.@dev Gets the list of methods for binding to wallets.
    ///      Sub-contracts should override this method to provide methods for
    ///      wallet binding.
    /// @return methods A list of method selectors for binding to the wallet
    ///         when this module is activated for the wallet.
    function bindableMethods()
        public
        pure
        virtual
        returns (bytes4[] memory methods);

    // ===== internal & private methods =====

    /// @dev Binds all methods to the given wallet.
    function bindMethods(address wallet)
        internal
    {
        Wallet w = Wallet(wallet);
        bytes4[] memory methods = bindableMethods();
        for (uint i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
            w.bindMethod(methods[i], address(this));
        }
    }

    /// @dev Unbinds all methods from the given wallet.
    function unbindMethods(address wallet)
        internal
    {
        Wallet w = Wallet(wallet);
        bytes4[] memory methods = bindableMethods();
        for (uint i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
            w.bindMethod(methods[i], address(0));
        }
    }

    function transactCall(
        address wallet,
        address to,
        uint    value,
        bytes   memory data
        )
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return Wallet(wallet).transact(uint8(1), to, value, data);
    }

    // Special case for transactCall to support transfers on "bad" ERC20 tokens
    function transactTokenTransfer(
        address wallet,
        address token,
        address to,
        uint    amount
        )
        internal
    {
        if (token == address(0)) {
            transactCall(wallet, to, amount, "");
            return;
        }

        bytes memory txData = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            ERC20.transfer.selector,
            to,
            amount
        );
        bytes memory returnData = transactCall(wallet, token, 0, txData);
        // `transactCall` will revert if the call was unsuccessful.
        // The only extra check we have to do is verify if the return value (if there is any) is correct.
        bool success = returnData.length == 0 ? true :  abi.decode(returnData, (bool));
        require(success, "ERC20_TRANSFER_FAILED");
    }

    // Special case for transactCall to support approvals on "bad" ERC20 tokens
    function transactTokenApprove(
        address wallet,
        address token,
        address spender,
        uint    amount
        )
        internal
    {
        require(token != address(0), "INVALID_TOKEN");
        bytes memory txData = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            ERC20.approve.selector,
            spender,
            amount
        );
        bytes memory returnData = transactCall(wallet, token, 0, txData);
        // `transactCall` will revert if the call was unsuccessful.
        // The only extra check we have to do is verify if the return value (if there is any) is correct.
        bool success = returnData.length == 0 ? true :  abi.decode(returnData, (bool));
        require(success, "ERC20_APPROVE_FAILED");
    }

    function transactDelegateCall(
        address wallet,
        address to,
        uint    value,
        bytes   memory data
        )
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return Wallet(wallet).transact(uint8(2), to, value, data);
    }

    function transactStaticCall(
        address wallet,
        address to,
        bytes   memory data
        )
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return Wallet(wallet).transact(uint8(3), to, 0, data);
    }

    function reimburseGasFee(
        address     wallet,
        address     recipient,
        address     gasToken,
        uint        gasPrice,
        uint        gasAmount,
        bool        skipQuota
        )
        internal
    {
        uint gasCost = gasAmount.mul(gasPrice);

        if (!skipQuota) {
            uint value = controller().priceOracle().tokenValue(gasToken, gasCost);
            if (value > 0) {
              controller().quotaStore().checkAndAddToSpent(wallet, value);
            }
        }

        transactTokenTransfer(wallet, gasToken, recipient, gasCost);
    }
}



/// @title ERC1271Module
/// @dev This module enables our smart wallets to message signers.
/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
abstract contract ERC1271Module is ERC1271, BaseModule
{
    using SignatureUtil for bytes;
    using SignatureUtil for bytes32;
    using AddressUtil   for address;

    function bindableMethodsForERC1271()
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes4[] memory methods)
    {
        methods = new bytes4[](2);
        methods[0] = ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES_SELECTOR;
        methods[1] = ERC1271_FUNCTION_WITH_BYTES32_SELECTOR;
    }

    // Will use msg.sender to detect the wallet, so this function should be called through
    // the bounded method on the wallet itself, not directly on this module.
    //
    // Note that we allow chained wallet ownership:
    // Wallet1 owned by Wallet2, Wallet2 owned by Wallet3, ..., WaleltN owned by an EOA.
    // The verificaiton of Wallet1's signature will succeed if the final EOA's signature is
    // valid.
    function isValidSignature(
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _signature
        )
        public
        view
        override
        returns (bytes4)
    {
        address wallet = msg.sender;
        (uint _lock,) = controller().securityStore().getLock(wallet);
        if (_lock > block.timestamp) { // wallet locked
            return 0;
        }

        if (_data.verifySignature(Wallet(wallet).owner(), _signature)) {
            return ERC1271_MAGICVALUE;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
}


// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.










// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.




// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.









/// @title BaseWallet
/// @dev This contract provides basic implementation for a Wallet.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
abstract contract BaseWallet is ReentrancyGuard, Wallet
{
    // WARNING: do not delete wallet state data to make this implementation
    // compatible with early versions.
    //
    //  ----- DATA LAYOUT BEGINS -----
    address internal _owner;

    mapping (address => bool) private modules;

    Controller public controller;

    mapping (bytes4  => address) internal methodToModule;
    //  ----- DATA LAYOUT ENDS -----

    event OwnerChanged          (address newOwner);
    event ControllerChanged     (address newController);
    event ModuleAdded           (address module);
    event ModuleRemoved         (address module);
    event MethodBound           (bytes4  method, address module);
    event WalletSetup           (address owner);

    event Transacted(
        address module,
        address to,
        uint    value,
        bytes   data
    );

    modifier onlyFromModule
    {
        require(modules[msg.sender], "MODULE_UNAUTHORIZED");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyFromFactory
    {
        require(
            msg.sender == controller.walletFactory(),
            "UNAUTHORIZED"
        );
        _;
    }

    /// @dev We need to make sure the Factory address cannot be changed without wallet owner's
    ///      explicit authorization.
    modifier onlyFromFactoryOrModule
    {
        require(
            modules[msg.sender] || msg.sender == controller.walletFactory(),
            "UNAUTHORIZED"
        );
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Set up this wallet by assigning an original owner
    ///
    ///      Note that calling this method more than once will throw.
    ///
    /// @param _initialOwner The owner of this wallet, must not be address(0).
    function initOwner(
        address _initialOwner
        )
        external
        onlyFromFactory
        nonReentrant
    {
        require(controller != Controller(0), "NO_CONTROLLER");
        require(_owner == address(0), "INITIALIZED_ALREADY");
        require(_initialOwner != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");

        _owner = _initialOwner;
        emit WalletSetup(_initialOwner);
    }

    /// @dev Set up this wallet by assigning an controller.
    ///
    ///      Note that calling this method more than once will throw.
    ///      And this method must be invoked before owner is initialized
    ///
    /// @param _controller The Controller instance.
    function initController(
        Controller _controller
        )
        external
        nonReentrant
    {
        require(
            _owner == address(0) &&
            controller == Controller(0) &&
            _controller != Controller(0),
            "CONTROLLER_INIT_FAILED"
        );

        controller = _controller;
    }

    function owner()
        override
        external
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        return _owner;
    }

    function setOwner(address newOwner)
        external
        override
        nonReentrant
        onlyFromModule
    {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");
        require(newOwner != address(this), "PROHIBITED");
        require(newOwner != _owner, "SAME_ADDRESS");
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnerChanged(newOwner);
    }

    function setController(Controller newController)
        external
        nonReentrant
        onlyFromModule
    {
        require(newController != controller, "SAME_CONTROLLER");
        require(newController != Controller(0), "INVALID_CONTROLLER");
        controller = newController;
        emit ControllerChanged(address(newController));
    }

    function addModule(address _module)
        external
        override
        onlyFromFactoryOrModule
    {
        addModuleInternal(_module);
    }

    function removeModule(address _module)
        external
        override
        onlyFromModule
    {
        // Allow deactivate to fail to make sure the module can be removed
        require(modules[_module], "MODULE_NOT_EXISTS");
        try Module(_module).deactivate() {} catch {}
        delete modules[_module];
        emit ModuleRemoved(_module);
    }

    function hasModule(address _module)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return modules[_module];
    }

    function bindMethod(bytes4 _method, address _module)
        external
        override
        onlyFromModule
    {
        require(_method != bytes4(0), "BAD_METHOD");
        if (_module != address(0)) {
            require(modules[_module], "MODULE_UNAUTHORIZED");
        }

        methodToModule[_method] = _module;
        emit MethodBound(_method, _module);
    }

    function boundMethodModule(bytes4 _method)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        return methodToModule[_method];
    }

    function transact(
        uint8    mode,
        address  to,
        uint     value,
        bytes    calldata data
        )
        external
        override
        onlyFromFactoryOrModule
        returns (bytes memory returnData)
    {
        require(
            !controller.moduleRegistry().isModuleRegistered(to),
            "TRANSACT_ON_MODULE_DISALLOWED"
        );

        bool success;
        (success, returnData) = nonReentrantCall(mode, to, value, data);

        if (!success) {
            assembly {
                returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
        emit Transacted(msg.sender, to, value, data);
    }

    function addModuleInternal(address _module)
        internal
    {
        require(_module != address(0), "NULL_MODULE");
        require(modules[_module] == false, "MODULE_EXISTS");
        require(
            controller.moduleRegistry().isModuleEnabled(_module),
            "INVALID_MODULE"
        );
        modules[_module] = true;
        emit ModuleAdded(_module);
        Module(_module).activate();
    }

    receive()
        external
        payable
    {
    }

    /// @dev This default function can receive Ether or perform queries to modules
    ///      using bound methods.
    fallback()
        external
        payable
    {
        address module = methodToModule[msg.sig];
        require(modules[module], "MODULE_UNAUTHORIZED");

        (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = module.call{value: msg.value}(msg.data);
        assembly {
            switch success
            case 0 { revert(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData)) }
            default { return(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData)) }
        }
    }

    // This call is introduced to support reentrany check.
    // The caller shall NOT have the nonReentrant modifier.
    function nonReentrantCall(
        uint8        mode,
        address      target,
        uint         value,
        bytes memory data
        )
        private
        nonReentrant
        returns (
            bool success,
            bytes memory returnData
        )
    {
        if (mode == 1) {
            // solium-disable-next-line security/no-call-value
            (success, returnData) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        } else if (mode == 2) {
            // solium-disable-next-line security/no-call-value
            (success, returnData) = target.delegatecall(data);
        } else if (mode == 3) {
            require(value == 0, "INVALID_VALUE");
            // solium-disable-next-line security/no-call-value
            (success, returnData) = target.staticcall(data);
        } else {
            revert("UNSUPPORTED_MODE");
        }
    }
}





// Copyright 2017 Loopring Technology Limited.



// This code is taken from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-labs


/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @dev Gives the possibility to delegate any call to a foreign implementation.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
  /**
  * @dev Tells the address of the implementation where every call will be delegated.
  * @return address of the implementation to which it will be delegated
  */
  function implementation() public view virtual returns (address);

  /**
  * @dev Fallback function allowing to perform a delegatecall to the given implementation.
  * This function will return whatever the implementation call returns
  */
  fallback() payable external {
    address _impl = implementation();
    require(_impl != address(0));

    assembly {
      let ptr := mload(0x40)
      calldatacopy(ptr, 0, calldatasize())
      let result := delegatecall(gas(), _impl, ptr, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
      let size := returndatasize()
      returndatacopy(ptr, 0, size)

      switch result
      case 0 { revert(ptr, size) }
      default { return(ptr, size) }
    }
  }

  receive() payable external {}
}



/// @title SimpleProxy
/// @author Daniel Wang  - <daniel@loopring.org>
contract SimpleProxy is Proxy
{
    bytes32 private constant implementationPosition = keccak256(
        "org.loopring.protocol.simple.proxy"
    );

    function setImplementation(address _implementation)
        public
    {
        address _impl = implementation();
        require(_impl == address(0), "INITIALIZED_ALREADY");

        bytes32 position = implementationPosition;
        assembly {sstore(position, _implementation) }
    }

    function implementation()
        public
        override
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        address impl;
        bytes32 position = implementationPosition;
        assembly { impl := sload(position) }
        return impl;
    }
}





// Taken from: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/970f687f04d20e01138a3e8ccf9278b1d4b3997b/contracts/utils/Create2.sol



/**
 * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
 * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
 * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
 * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
 *
 * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
 * information.
 */
library Create2 {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
     * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}. Note that
     * a contract cannot be deployed twice using the same salt.
     */
    function deploy(bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecode) internal returns (address payable) {
        address payable addr;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create2(0, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
        }
        require(addr != address(0), "CREATE2_FAILED");
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the `bytecode`
     * or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecode) internal view returns (address) {
        return computeAddress(salt, bytecode, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
     * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecodeHash, address deployer) internal pure returns (address) {
        bytes32 bytecodeHashHash = keccak256(bytecodeHash);
        bytes32 _data = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0xff), deployer, salt, bytecodeHashHash)
        );
        return address(bytes20(_data << 96));
    }
}






/// @title WalletFactory
/// @dev A factory contract to create a new wallet by deploying a proxy
///      in front of a real wallet.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
///
/// The design of this contract is inspired by Argent's contract codebase:
/// https://github.com/argentlabs/argent-contracts
contract WalletFactory is ReentrancyGuard
{
    using AddressUtil for address;
    using SignatureUtil for bytes32;

    event BlankDeployed (address blank,  bytes32 version);
    event BlankConsumed (address blank);
    event WalletCreated (address wallet, string ensLabel, address owner, bool blankUsed);

    string constant public WALLET_CREATION = "WALLET_CREATION";

    bytes32 public constant CREATE_WALLET_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
        "createWallet(address owner,uint256 salt,string ensLabel,bytes ensApproval,bool ensRegisterReverse,address[] modules)"
    );

    mapping(address => bytes32) blanks;

    address        public walletImplementation;
    bool           public allowEmptyENS; // MUST be false in production
    ControllerImpl public controller;
    bytes32        public DOMAIN_SEPERATOR;

    constructor(
        ControllerImpl _controller,
        address        _walletImplementation,
        bool           _allowEmptyENS
        )
    {
        DOMAIN_SEPERATOR = EIP712.hash(
            EIP712.Domain("WalletFactory", "1.1.0", address(this))
        );
        controller = _controller;
        walletImplementation = _walletImplementation;
        allowEmptyENS = _allowEmptyENS;
    }

    /// @dev Create a set of new wallet blanks to be used in the future.
    /// @param modules The wallet's modules.
    /// @param salts The salts that can be used to generate nice addresses.
    function createBlanks(
        address[] calldata modules,
        uint[]    calldata salts
        )
        external
    {
        for (uint i = 0; i < salts.length; i++) {
            createBlank_(modules, salts[i]);
        }
    }

    /// @dev Create a new wallet by deploying a proxy.
    /// @param _owner The wallet's owner.
    /// @param _salt A salt to adjust address.
    /// @param _ensLabel The ENS subdomain to register, use "" to skip.
    /// @param _ensApproval The signature for ENS subdomain approval.
    /// @param _ensRegisterReverse True to register reverse ENS.
    /// @param _modules The wallet's modules.
    /// @param _signature The wallet owner's signature.
    /// @return _wallet The new wallet address
    function createWallet(
        address            _owner,
        uint               _salt,
        string    calldata _ensLabel,
        bytes     calldata _ensApproval,
        bool               _ensRegisterReverse,
        address[] calldata _modules,
        bytes     calldata _signature
        )
        external
        payable
        returns (address _wallet)
    {
        validateRequest_(
            _owner,
            _salt,
            _ensLabel,
            _ensApproval,
            _ensRegisterReverse,
            _modules,
            _signature
        );

        _wallet = createWallet_(_owner, _salt, _modules);

        initializeWallet_(
            _wallet,
            _owner,
            _ensLabel,
            _ensApproval,
            _ensRegisterReverse,
            false
        );
    }

    /// @dev Create a new wallet by using a pre-deployed blank.
    /// @param _owner The wallet's owner.
    /// @param _blank The address of the blank to use.
    /// @param _ensLabel The ENS subdomain to register, use "" to skip.
    /// @param _ensApproval The signature for ENS subdomain approval.
    /// @param _ensRegisterReverse True to register reverse ENS.
    /// @param _modules The wallet's modules.
    /// @param _signature The wallet owner's signature.
    /// @return _wallet The new wallet address
    function createWallet2(
        address            _owner,
        address            _blank,
        string    calldata _ensLabel,
        bytes     calldata _ensApproval,
        bool               _ensRegisterReverse,
        address[] calldata _modules,
        bytes     calldata _signature
        )
        external
        payable
        returns (address _wallet)
    {
        validateRequest_(
            _owner,
            uint(_blank),
            _ensLabel,
            _ensApproval,
            _ensRegisterReverse,
            _modules,
            _signature
        );

        _wallet = consumeBlank_(_blank, _modules);

        initializeWallet_(
            _wallet,
            _owner,
            _ensLabel,
            _ensApproval,
            _ensRegisterReverse,
            true
        );
    }

    function registerENS(
        address         _wallet,
        address         _owner,
        string calldata _ensLabel,
        bytes  calldata _ensApproval,
        bool            _ensRegisterReverse
        )
        external
    {
        registerENS_(_wallet, _owner, _ensLabel, _ensApproval, _ensRegisterReverse);
    }

    function computeWalletAddress(address owner, uint salt)
        public
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        return computeAddress_(owner, salt);
    }

    function computeBlankAddress(uint salt)
        public
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        return computeAddress_(address(0), salt);
    }

    // ---- internal functions ---

    function consumeBlank_(
        address blank,
        address[] calldata modules
        )
        internal
        returns (address)
    {
        bytes32 version = keccak256(abi.encode(modules));
        require(blanks[blank] == version, "INVALID_ADOBE");
        delete blanks[blank];
        emit BlankConsumed(blank);
        return blank;
    }

    function createBlank_(
        address[] calldata modules,
        uint      salt
        )
        internal
        returns (address blank)
    {
        blank = deploy_(modules, address(0), salt);
        bytes32 version = keccak256(abi.encode(modules));
        blanks[blank] = version;

        emit BlankDeployed(blank, version);
    }

    function createWallet_(
        address   owner,
        uint      salt,
        address[] calldata modules
        )
        internal
        returns (address wallet)
    {
        return deploy_(modules, owner, salt);
    }

    function deploy_(
        address[] calldata modules,
        address            owner,
        uint               salt
        )
        internal
        returns (address payable wallet)
    {
        wallet = Create2.deploy(
            keccak256(abi.encodePacked(WALLET_CREATION, owner, salt)),
            type(SimpleProxy).creationCode
        );

        SimpleProxy proxy = SimpleProxy(wallet);
        proxy.setImplementation(walletImplementation);

        BaseWallet w = BaseWallet(wallet);
        w.initController(controller);
        for (uint i = 0; i < modules.length; i++) {
            w.addModule(modules[i]);
        }
    }

    function validateRequest_(
        address            _owner,
        uint               _blankOrSalt,
        string    memory   _ensLabel,
        bytes     memory   _ensApproval,
        bool               _ensRegisterReverse,
        address[] memory   _modules,
        bytes     memory   _signature
        )
        private
        view
    {
        require(_owner != address(0) && !_owner.isContract(), "INVALID_OWNER");
        require(_modules.length > 0, "EMPTY_MODULES");

        bytes memory encodedRequest = abi.encode(
            CREATE_WALLET_TYPEHASH,
            _owner,
            uint(_blankOrSalt),
            keccak256(bytes(_ensLabel)),
            keccak256(_ensApproval),
            _ensRegisterReverse,
            keccak256(abi.encode(_modules))
        );

        require(
            EIP712.hashPacked(DOMAIN_SEPERATOR, encodedRequest)
                .verifySignature(_owner, _signature),
            "INVALID_SIGNATURE"
        );
    }

    function initializeWallet_(
        address       _wallet,
        address       _owner,
        string memory _ensLabel,
        bytes  memory _ensApproval,
        bool          _ensRegisterReverse,
        bool          _blankUsed
        )
        private
    {
        BaseWallet(_wallet.toPayable()).initOwner(_owner);
        controller.walletRegistry().registerWallet(_wallet);

        if (bytes(_ensLabel).length > 0) {
            registerENS_(_wallet, _owner, _ensLabel, _ensApproval, _ensRegisterReverse);
        } else {
            require(allowEmptyENS, "EMPTY_ENS_NOT_ALLOWED");
        }

        emit WalletCreated(_wallet, _ensLabel, _owner, _blankUsed);
    }

    function computeAddress_(
        address owner,
        uint    salt
        )
        internal
        view
        returns (address)
    {
        return Create2.computeAddress(
            keccak256(abi.encodePacked(WALLET_CREATION, owner, salt)),
            type(SimpleProxy).creationCode
        );
    }

    function getCreationCode()
        external
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return type(SimpleProxy).creationCode;
    }

    function registerENS_(
        address       wallet,
        address       owner,
        string memory ensLabel,
        bytes  memory ensApproval,
        bool          ensRegisterReverse
        )
        internal
    {
        require(
            bytes(ensLabel).length > 0 &&
            bytes(ensApproval).length > 0,
            "INVALID_LABEL_OR_SIGNATURE"
        );

        BaseENSManager ensManager = controller.ensManager();
        ensManager.register(wallet, owner, ensLabel, ensApproval);

        if (ensRegisterReverse) {
            bytes memory data = abi.encodeWithSelector(
                ENSReverseRegistrar.claimWithResolver.selector,
                address(0), // the owner of the reverse record
                ensManager.ensResolver()
            );

            Wallet(wallet).transact(
                uint8(1),
                address(ensManager.getENSReverseRegistrar()),
                0, // value
                data
            );
        }
    }
}


/// @title ForwarderModule
/// @dev A module to support wallet meta-transactions.
///
/// @author Daniel Wang - <daniel@loopring.org>
abstract contract ForwarderModule is BaseModule
{
    using BytesUtil     for bytes;
    using MathUint      for uint;
    using SignatureUtil for bytes32;

    uint    public constant GAS_OVERHEAD = 100000;
    bytes32 public FORWARDER_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;

    event MetaTxExecuted(
        address relayer,
        address from,
        uint    nonce,
        bytes32 txAwareHash,
        bool    success,
        uint    gasUsed
    );

    struct MetaTx {
        address from; // the wallet
        address to;
        uint    nonce;
        bytes32 txAwareHash;
        address gasToken;
        uint    gasPrice;
        uint    gasLimit;
        bytes   data;
    }

    bytes32 constant public META_TX_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
        "MetaTx(address from,address to,uint256 nonce,bytes32 txAwareHash,address gasToken,uint256 gasPrice,uint256 gasLimit,bytes data)"
    );

    function validateMetaTx(
        address from, // the wallet
        address to,
        uint    nonce,
        bytes32 txAwareHash,
        address gasToken,
        uint    gasPrice,
        uint    gasLimit,
        bytes   memory data,
        bytes   memory signature
        )
        public
        view
    {
        // Since this contract is a module, we need to prevent wallet from interacting with
        // Stores via this module. Therefore, we must carefully check the 'to' address as follows,
        // so no Store can be used as 'to'.
        require(
            (to != address(this)) &&
            controller().moduleRegistry().isModuleRegistered(to) ||

            // We only allow the wallet to call itself to addModule
            (to == from) &&
            data.toBytes4(0) == Wallet.addModule.selector &&
            controller().walletRegistry().isWalletRegistered(from) ||

            to == controller().walletFactory(),
            "INVALID_DESTINATION_OR_METHOD"
        );
        require(
            nonce == 0 && txAwareHash != 0 ||
            nonce != 0 && txAwareHash == 0,
            "INVALID_NONCE"
        );

        bytes memory data_ = txAwareHash == 0 ? data : data.slice(0, 4); // function selector

        bytes memory encoded = abi.encode(
            META_TX_TYPEHASH,
            from,
            to,
            nonce,
            txAwareHash,
            gasToken,
            gasPrice,
            gasLimit,
            keccak256(data_)
        );

        bytes32 metaTxHash = EIP712.hashPacked(FORWARDER_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, encoded);
        require(metaTxHash.verifySignature(from, signature), "INVALID_SIGNATURE");
    }

    function executeMetaTx(
        MetaTx calldata metaTx,
        bytes  calldata signature
        )
        external
        nonReentrant
        returns (
            bool         success,
            bytes memory ret
        )
    {
        uint gasLeft = gasleft();
        checkSufficientGas(metaTx);

        // The trick is to append the really logical message sender and the
        // transaction-aware hash to the end of the call data.
        (success, ret) = metaTx.to.call{gas : metaTx.gasLimit, value : 0}(
            abi.encodePacked(metaTx.data, metaTx.from, metaTx.txAwareHash)
        );

        // It's ok to do the validation after the 'call'. This is also necessary
        // in the case of creating the wallet, otherwise, wallet signature validation
        // will fail before the wallet is created.
        validateMetaTx(
            metaTx.from,
            metaTx.to,
            metaTx.nonce,
            metaTx.txAwareHash,
            metaTx.gasToken,
            metaTx.gasPrice,
            metaTx.gasLimit,
            metaTx.data,
            signature
        );

        // Nonce update must come after the real transaction in case of new wallet creation.
        if (metaTx.nonce != 0) {
            controller().nonceStore().verifyAndUpdate(metaTx.from, metaTx.nonce);
        }

        uint gasUsed = gasLeft - gasleft();

        emit MetaTxExecuted(
            msg.sender,
            metaTx.from,
            metaTx.nonce,
            metaTx.txAwareHash,
            success,
            gasUsed
        );

        // Fees are not to be charged by a relayer if the transaction fails with a
        // non-zero txAwareHash. The reason is that relayer can pick arbitrary 'data'
        // to make the transaction fail. Charging fees for such failures can drain
        // wallet funds.
        if (metaTx.gasPrice > 0 && (metaTx.txAwareHash == 0 || success)) {
            uint gasAmount = gasUsed < metaTx.gasLimit ? gasUsed : metaTx.gasLimit;

            // Do not consume quota when call factory's createWallet function or
            // when a successful meta-tx's txAwareHash is non-zero (which means it will
            // be signed by at least a guardian). Therefor, even if the owner's
            // private key is leaked, the hacker won't be able to deplete ether/tokens
            // as high meta-tx fees.
            bool skipQuota = success && (
                metaTx.txAwareHash != 0 || (
                    metaTx.data.toBytes4(0) == WalletFactory.createWallet.selector ||
                    metaTx.data.toBytes4(0) == WalletFactory.createWallet2.selector) &&
                metaTx.to == controller().walletFactory()
            );

            reimburseGasFee(
                metaTx.from,
                controller().collectTo(),
                metaTx.gasToken,
                metaTx.gasPrice,
                gasAmount.add(GAS_OVERHEAD),
                skipQuota
            );
        }
    }

    function checkSufficientGas(
        MetaTx calldata metaTx
        )
        private
        view
    {
        // Check the relayer has enough Ether gas
        uint gasLimit = (metaTx.gasLimit.mul(64) / 63).add(GAS_OVERHEAD);
        require(gasleft() >= gasLimit, "OPERATOR_INSUFFICIENT_GAS");

        // Check the wallet has enough meta tx gas
        if (metaTx.gasPrice  == 0) return;

        uint gasCost = gasLimit.mul(metaTx.gasPrice);

        if (metaTx.gasToken == address(0)) {
            require(
                metaTx.from.balance >= gasCost,
                "WALLET_INSUFFICIENT_ETH_GAS"
            );
        } else {
            require(
                ERC20(metaTx.gasToken).balanceOf(metaTx.from) >= gasCost,
                "WALLET_INSUFFICIENT_TOKEN_GAS"
            );
        }
    }
}



/// @title FinalCoreModule
/// @dev This module combines multiple small modules to
///      minimize the number of modules to reduce gas used
///      by wallet creation.
contract FinalCoreModule is
    ERC1271Module,
    ForwarderModule
{
    ControllerImpl private controller_;

    constructor(ControllerImpl _controller)
    {
        FORWARDER_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = EIP712.hash(
            EIP712.Domain("ForwarderModule", "1.1.0", address(this))
        );

        controller_ = _controller;
    }

    function controller()
        internal
        view
        override
        returns(ControllerImpl)
    {
        return ControllerImpl(controller_);
    }

    function bindableMethods()
        public
        pure
        override
        returns (bytes4[] memory)
    {
        return bindableMethodsForERC1271();
    }
}