//
// Initial Crowdsale for TRACIO 
//
//    Crowdsale contract by openzeppelin
//
//    Rate:  1200 (TRACIO / 18) - per Wei
//    Rate 1200
//    Crowdsale Token Account: 0xFE5586954a4292b7C7e887a618693Cec5a2A631D
//    IERC20 Token: TRACIO
//    Cap: 5000000000000000000000000 - 5 Million TRACIO
//    Caps Per Account: 5 Million each round.
//    Start Round 1:   1606780800 = 12/1/2020
//    End Round 1:     1609459200 = 12/31/2020
//    End Round 2:     1612137600 = 1/31/2021
//    End Round 3:     1614556800 = 2/28/2021
//    Max Gas Limit:    300000000
//

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/GSN/Context.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.17;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
contract Context {
    // Empty internal constructor, to prevent people from mistakenly deploying
    // an instance of this contract, which should be used via inheritance.
    constructor () internal { }
    // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks

    function _msgSender() internal view returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP. Does not include
 * the optional functions; to access them see {ERC20Detailed}.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following 
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
        // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
        // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
        bytes32 codehash;
        bytes32 accountHash = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { codehash := extcodehash(account) }
        return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` into `address payable`. Note that this is
     * simply a type cast: the actual underlying value is not changed.
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function toPayable(address account) internal pure returns (address payable) {
        return address(uint160(account));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     *
     * _Available since v2.4.0._
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call.value(amount)("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for ERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require((value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).add(value);
        callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).sub(value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves.

        // A Solidity high level call has three parts:
        //  1. The target address is checked to verify it contains contract code
        //  2. The call itself is made, and success asserted
        //  3. The return value is decoded, which in turn checks the size of the returned data.
        // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(address(token).isContract(), "SafeERC20: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        require(success, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");

        if (returndata.length > 0) { // Return data is optional
            // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 *
 * _Since v2.5.0:_ this module is now much more gas efficient, given net gas
 * metering changes introduced in the Istanbul hardfork.
 */
contract ReentrancyGuard {
    bool private _notEntered;

    constructor () internal {
        // Storing an initial non-zero value makes deployment a bit more
        // expensive, but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant
        // will be lower in amount. Since refunds are capped to a percetange of
        // the total transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases
        // like this one, to increase the likelihood of the full refund coming
        // into effect.
        _notEntered = true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and make it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_notEntered, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _notEntered = false;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _notEntered = true;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/crowdsale/Crowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title Crowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale is a base contract for managing a token crowdsale,
 * allowing investors to purchase tokens with ether. This contract implements
 * such functionality in its most fundamental form and can be extended to provide additional
 * functionality and/or custom behavior.
 * The external interface represents the basic interface for purchasing tokens, and conforms
 * the base architecture for crowdsales. It is *not* intended to be modified / overridden.
 * The internal interface conforms the extensible and modifiable surface of crowdsales. Override
 * the methods to add functionality. Consider using 'super' where appropriate to concatenate
 * behavior.
 */
contract Crowdsale is Context, ReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // The token being sold
    IERC20 private _token;

    // Address where funds are collected
    address payable private _wallet;

    // How many token units a buyer gets per wei.
    // The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible token unit.
    // So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a ERC20Detailed token with 3 decimals called TOK
    // 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
    uint256 private _rate;

    // Amount of wei raised
    uint256 private _weiRaised;

    /**
     * Event for token purchase logging
     * @param purchaser who paid for the tokens
     * @param beneficiary who got the tokens
     * @param value weis paid for purchase
     * @param amount amount of tokens purchased
     */
    event TokensPurchased(address indexed purchaser, address indexed beneficiary, uint256 value, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @param rate Number of token units a buyer gets per wei
     * @dev The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible
     * token unit. So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a ERC20Detailed token
     * with 3 decimals called TOK, 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
     * @param wallet Address where collected funds will be forwarded to
     * @param token Address of the token being sold
     */
    constructor (uint256 rate, address payable wallet, IERC20 token) public {
        require(rate > 0, "Crowdsale: rate is 0");
        require(wallet != address(0), "Crowdsale: wallet is the zero address");
        require(address(token) != address(0), "Crowdsale: token is the zero address");

        _rate = rate;
        _wallet = wallet;
        _token = token;
    }

    /**
     * @dev fallback function ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
     * Note that other contracts will transfer funds with a base gas stipend
     * of 2300, which is not enough to call buyTokens. Consider calling
     * buyTokens directly when purchasing tokens from a contract.
     */
    function () external payable {
        buyTokens(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @return the token being sold.
     */
    function token() public view returns (IERC20) {
        return _token;
    }

    /**
     * @return the address where funds are collected.
     */
    function wallet() public view returns (address payable) {
        return _wallet;
    }

    /**
     * @return the number of token units a buyer gets per wei.
     */
    function rate() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _rate;
    }

    /**
     * @return the amount of wei raised.
     */
    function weiRaised() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _weiRaised;
    }

    /**
     * @dev low level token purchase ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
     * This function has a non-reentrancy guard, so it shouldn't be called by
     * another `nonReentrant` function.
     * @param beneficiary Recipient of the token purchase
     */
    function buyTokens(address beneficiary) public nonReentrant payable {
        uint256 weiAmount = msg.value;
        _preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);

        // calculate token amount to be created
        uint256 tokens = _getTokenAmount(weiAmount);

        // update state
        _weiRaised = _weiRaised.add(weiAmount);

        _processPurchase(beneficiary, tokens);
        emit TokensPurchased(_msgSender(), beneficiary, weiAmount, tokens);

        _updatePurchasingState(beneficiary, weiAmount);

        _forwardFunds();
        _postValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Validation of an incoming purchase. Use require statements to revert state when conditions are not met.
     * Use `super` in contracts that inherit from Crowdsale to extend their validations.
     * Example from CappedCrowdsale.sol's _preValidatePurchase method:
     *     super._preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
     *     require(weiRaised().add(weiAmount) <= cap);
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _preValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        require(beneficiary != address(0), "Crowdsale: beneficiary is the zero address");
        require(weiAmount != 0, "Crowdsale: weiAmount is 0");
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
    }

    /**
     * @dev Validation of an executed purchase. Observe state and use revert statements to undo rollback when valid
     * conditions are not met.
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _postValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks
    }

    /**
     * @dev Source of tokens. Override this method to modify the way in which the crowdsale ultimately gets and sends
     * its tokens.
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param tokenAmount Number of tokens to be emitted
     */
    function _deliverTokens(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        _token.safeTransfer(beneficiary, tokenAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Executed when a purchase has been validated and is ready to be executed. Doesn't necessarily emit/send
     * tokens.
     * @param beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
     * @param tokenAmount Number of tokens to be purchased
     */
    function _processPurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        _deliverTokens(beneficiary, tokenAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Override for extensions that require an internal state to check for validity (current user contributions,
     * etc.)
     * @param beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _updatePurchasingState(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal {
        // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks
    }

    /**
     * @dev Override to extend the way in which ether is converted to tokens.
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei to be converted into tokens
     * @return Number of tokens that can be purchased with the specified _weiAmount
     */
    function _getTokenAmount(uint256 weiAmount) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return weiAmount.mul(_rate);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Determines how ETH is stored/forwarded on purchases.
     */
    function _forwardFunds() internal {
        _wallet.transfer(msg.value);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/Math.sol

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow, so we distribute
        return (a / 2) + (b / 2) + ((a % 2 + b % 2) / 2);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/crowdsale/emission/AllowanceCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title AllowanceCrowdsale
 * @dev Extension of Crowdsale where tokens are held by a wallet, which approves an allowance to the crowdsale.
 */
contract AllowanceCrowdsale is Crowdsale {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    address private _tokenWallet;

    /**
     * @dev Constructor, takes token wallet address.
     * @param tokenWallet Address holding the tokens, which has approved allowance to the crowdsale.
     */
    constructor (address tokenWallet) public {
        require(tokenWallet != address(0), "AllowanceCrowdsale: token wallet is the zero address");
        _tokenWallet = tokenWallet;
    }

    /**
     * @return the address of the wallet that will hold the tokens.
     */
    function tokenWallet() public view returns (address) {
        return _tokenWallet;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks the amount of tokens left in the allowance.
     * @return Amount of tokens left in the allowance
     */
    function remainingTokens() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Math.min(token().balanceOf(_tokenWallet), token().allowance(_tokenWallet, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overrides parent behavior by transferring tokens from wallet.
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param tokenAmount Amount of tokens purchased
     */
    function _deliverTokens(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        token().safeTransferFrom(_tokenWallet, beneficiary, tokenAmount);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/crowdsale/validation/CappedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title CappedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale with a limit for total contributions.
 */
contract CappedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    uint256 private _cap;

    /**
     * @dev Constructor, takes maximum amount of wei accepted in the crowdsale.
     * @param cap Max amount of wei to be contributed
     */
    constructor (uint256 cap) public {
        require(cap > 0, "CappedCrowdsale: cap is 0");
        _cap = cap;
    }

    /**
     * @return the cap of the crowdsale.
     */
    function cap() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _cap;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks whether the cap has been reached.
     * @return Whether the cap was reached
     */
    function capReached() public view returns (bool) {
        return weiRaised() >= _cap;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring purchase to respect the funding cap.
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
     */
    function _preValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        super._preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
        require(weiRaised().add(weiAmount) <= _cap, "CappedCrowdsale: cap exceeded");
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/crowdsale/validation/TimedCrowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title TimedCrowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale accepting contributions only within a time frame.
 */
contract TimedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    uint256 private _openingTime;
    uint256 private _closingTime;

    /**
     * Event for crowdsale extending
     * @param newClosingTime new closing time
     * @param prevClosingTime old closing time
     */
    event TimedCrowdsaleExtended(uint256 prevClosingTime, uint256 newClosingTime);

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if not in crowdsale time range.
     */
    modifier onlyWhileOpen {
        require(isOpen(), "TimedCrowdsale: not open");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Constructor, takes crowdsale opening and closing times.
     * @param openingTime Crowdsale opening time
     * @param closingTime Crowdsale closing time
     */
    constructor (uint256 openingTime, uint256 closingTime) public {
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        require(openingTime >= block.timestamp, "TimedCrowdsale: opening time is before current time");
        // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(closingTime > openingTime, "TimedCrowdsale: opening time is not before closing time");

        _openingTime = openingTime;
        _closingTime = closingTime;
    }

    /**
     * @return the crowdsale opening time.
     */
    function openingTime() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _openingTime;
    }

    /**
     * @return the crowdsale closing time.
     */
    function closingTime() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _closingTime;
    }

    /**
     * @return true if the crowdsale is open, false otherwise.
     */
    function isOpen() public view returns (bool) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        return block.timestamp >= _openingTime && block.timestamp <= _closingTime;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks whether the period in which the crowdsale is open has already elapsed.
     * @return Whether crowdsale period has elapsed
     */
    function hasClosed() public view returns (bool) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line not-rely-on-time
        return block.timestamp > _closingTime;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring to be within contributing period.
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
     */
    function _preValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal onlyWhileOpen view {
        super._preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Extend crowdsale.
     * @param newClosingTime Crowdsale closing time
     */
    function _extendTime(uint256 newClosingTime) internal {
        require(!hasClosed(), "TimedCrowdsale: already closed");
        // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(newClosingTime > _closingTime, "TimedCrowdsale: new closing time is before current closing time");

        emit TimedCrowdsaleExtended(_closingTime, newClosingTime);
        _closingTime = newClosingTime;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        address msgSender = _msgSender();
        _owner = msgSender;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(isOwner(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the caller is the current owner.
     */
    function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
        return _msgSender() == _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
        _owner = newOwner;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/ownership/Secondary.sol

/**
 * @dev A Secondary contract can only be used by its primary account (the one that created it).
 */
contract Secondary is Context {
    address private _primary;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the primary contract changes.
     */
    event PrimaryTransferred(
        address recipient
    );

    /**
     * @dev Sets the primary account to the one that is creating the Secondary contract.
     */
    constructor () internal {
        address msgSender = _msgSender();
        _primary = msgSender;
        emit PrimaryTransferred(msgSender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if called from any account other than the primary.
     */
    modifier onlyPrimary() {
        require(_msgSender() == _primary, "Secondary: caller is not the primary account");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @return the address of the primary.
     */
    function primary() public view returns (address) {
        return _primary;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers contract to a new primary.
     * @param recipient The address of new primary.
     */
    function transferPrimary(address recipient) public onlyPrimary {
        require(recipient != address(0), "Secondary: new primary is the zero address");
        _primary = recipient;
        emit PrimaryTransferred(recipient);
    }
}

// File: contracts/sale/TRACIOSale.sol

contract TRACIOSale is Ownable, AllowanceCrowdsale, CappedCrowdsale, TimedCrowdsale {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    enum Phase { NotStarted, One, Two, Three, Closed }
    enum AllowStatus {
        Disallowed,
        Phase1Cap1,
        Phase1Cap2,
        Phase1Cap3,
        Phase1Cap4,
        Phase2Cap1,
        Phase2Cap2,
        Phase2Cap3,
        Phase2Cap4
    }

    uint256 private constant MAX_UINT = 2**256 - 1;

    // -- State --

    uint256 private _maxGasPriceWei;

    // Allow list
    mapping(address => AllowStatus) private _allowList;

    // Account capping
    uint256[4] private _capsPerAccount; // Contribution caps that are assigned to each account
    mapping(address => uint256) private _contributions; // Contributions from an account

    // Time conditions
    uint256 private _openingTimePhase2; // opening time (phase2) in unix epoch seconds
    uint256 private _openingTimePhase3; // opening time (phase3) in unix epoch seconds

    // Post delivery
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
    __unstable__TokenVault private _vault;

    // -- Events --

    event AllowListUpdated(address indexed account, AllowStatus value);

    event TRACIOSaleDeployed(
        uint256 rate, // rate, in TKNbits
        address payable wallet, // wallet to send Ether
        address tokenWallet, // wallet to pull tokens
        IERC20 token, // the token
        uint256 cap, // total cap, in wei
        uint256 capPerAccount1, // limit for individual contribution, in wei
        uint256 capPerAccount2, // limit for individual contribution, in wei
        uint256 capPerAccount3, // limit for individual contribution, in wei
        uint256 capPerAccount4, // limit for individual contribution, in wei
        uint256 openingTimePhase1, // opening time (phase1) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 openingTimePhase2, // opening time (phase2) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 openingTimePhase3, // opening time (phase3) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 closingTime, // closing time in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 maxGasPriceWei // max gas price allowed for purchase transacctions (in wei)
    );

    event MaxGasPriceUpdated(uint256 maxGasPriceWei);

    event CapsPerAccount(
        uint256 capPerAccount1,
        uint256 capPerAccount2,
        uint256 capPerAccount3,
        uint256 capPerAccount4
    );

    /**
     * @dev Constructor.
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 rate, // rate, in TKNbits
        address payable wallet, // wallet to send Ether
        address tokenWallet, // wallet to pull tokens
        IERC20 token, // the token
        uint256 cap, // total cap, in wei
        uint256[4] memory capsPerAccount,
        uint256 openingTimePhase1, // opening time (phase1) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 openingTimePhase2, // opening time (phase2) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 openingTimePhase3, // opening time (phase3) in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 closingTime, // closing time in unix epoch seconds
        uint256 maxGasPriceWei // max gas price allowed for transactions (wei)
    )
        public
        Crowdsale(rate, wallet, token)
        CappedCrowdsale(cap)
        TimedCrowdsale(openingTimePhase1, closingTime)
        AllowanceCrowdsale(tokenWallet)
    {
        require(
            openingTimePhase2 > openingTimePhase1,
            "PhasedCrowdsale: phase2 must be after phase1"
        );
        require(
            openingTimePhase3 > openingTimePhase2,
            "PhasedCrowdsale: phase3 must be after phase2"
        );
        require(
            closingTime > openingTimePhase3,
            "PhasedCrowdsale: closing time must be after phase3"
        );

        require(maxGasPriceWei > 0, "Gas price cannot be zero");

        _setCapsPerAccount(capsPerAccount);
        _setMaxGasPrice(maxGasPriceWei);

        _openingTimePhase2 = openingTimePhase2;
        _openingTimePhase3 = openingTimePhase3;
        _vault = new __unstable__TokenVault();

        emit TRACIOSaleDeployed(
            rate,
            wallet,
            tokenWallet,
            token,
            cap,
            _capsPerAccount[0],
            _capsPerAccount[1],
            _capsPerAccount[2],
            _capsPerAccount[3],
            openingTimePhase1,
            openingTimePhase2,
            openingTimePhase3,
            closingTime,
            maxGasPriceWei
        );
    }

    // -- Configuration --

    /**
     * @dev Set the max allowed gas price for purchase transactions.
     * @param maxGasPriceWei Amount of wei to be used as max gas price.
     */
    function setMaxGasPrice(uint256 maxGasPriceWei) external onlyOwner {
        _setMaxGasPrice(maxGasPriceWei);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal: Set the max allowed gas price for purchase transactions.
     * @param maxGasPriceWei Amount of wei to be used as max gas price.
     */
    function _setMaxGasPrice(uint256 maxGasPriceWei) internal {
        require(maxGasPriceWei > 0, "Gas price cannot be zero");
        _maxGasPriceWei = maxGasPriceWei;
        emit MaxGasPriceUpdated(_maxGasPriceWei);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Get the max allowed gas price for purchase transactions.
     * @return Maximum gas price allowed for purchase transactions.
     */
    function maxGasPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxGasPriceWei;
    }

    // -- Phases --

    function openingTimePhase2() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _openingTimePhase2;
    }

    function openingTimePhase3() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _openingTimePhase3;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current sale phase.
     * @return Phase
     */
    function getCurrentPhase() public view returns (Phase) {
        uint256 current = block.timestamp;
        if (current >= openingTime() && current < _openingTimePhase2) {
            return Phase.One;
        }
        if (current >= _openingTimePhase2 && current < _openingTimePhase3) {
            return Phase.Two;
        }
        if (current >= _openingTimePhase3 && current < closingTime()) {
            return Phase.Three;
        }
        if (current >= closingTime()) {
            return Phase.Closed;
        }
        return Phase.NotStarted;
    }

    // -- Allowlist --

    /**
     * @dev Return the allow status of an account.
     * @param account Address to check.
     */
    function getAllowStatus(address account) public view returns (AllowStatus) {
        return _allowList[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return true if the account is authorized to participate in the crowdsale.
     * @param account Address to check.
     */
    function isAllowed(address account) public view returns (bool) {
        return getAllowStatus(account) != AllowStatus.Disallowed;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return true if the account is currently allowed to participate.
     * @param account Address to check.
     */
    function isCurrentPhaseAllowed(address account) public view returns (bool) {
        AllowStatus status = _allowList[account];
        Phase phase = getCurrentPhase();

        // Only priority accounts can participate in Phase1
        if (phase == Phase.One) {
            return
                status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap1 ||
                status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap2 ||
                status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap3 ||
                status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap4;
        }

        // After Phase1 anyone in the allowlist can participate
        if (phase == Phase.Two || phase == Phase.Three) {
            return status != AllowStatus.Disallowed;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set multiple accounts to the allowlist.
     * @param accounts Addresses to load on the allowlist.
     */
    function setAllowListMany(address[] calldata accounts, AllowStatus status) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < accounts.length; i++) {
            _allowList[accounts[i]] = status;
            emit AllowListUpdated(accounts[i], status);
        }
    }

    // -- Account Capping --

    /**
     * @dev Returns the cap of individual beneficiary at the current phase.
     * @return Current cap for individual beneficiary
     */
    function getCapPerAccount(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        AllowStatus status = _allowList[account];

        // Return the cap only if allowed to participate in current phase
        if (isCurrentPhaseAllowed(account)) {
            // No cap on Phase 3 regardless of account
            if (getCurrentPhase() == Phase.Three) {
                return MAX_UINT;
            }

            // cap1
            if (status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap1 || status == AllowStatus.Phase2Cap1) {
                return _capsPerAccount[0];
            }
            // cap2
            if (status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap2 || status == AllowStatus.Phase2Cap2) {
                return _capsPerAccount[1];
            }
            // cap3
            if (status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap3 || status == AllowStatus.Phase2Cap3) {
                return _capsPerAccount[2];
            }
            // cap4
            if (status == AllowStatus.Phase1Cap4 || status == AllowStatus.Phase2Cap4) {
                return _capsPerAccount[3];
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the maximum contribution of all the individual beneficiaries.
     * @param capsPerAccount Array of wei limit for individual contribution for each cap tier
     */
    function setCapsPerAccount(uint256[4] calldata capsPerAccount) external onlyOwner {
        _setCapsPerAccount(capsPerAccount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal: Sets the maximum contribution of all the individual beneficiaries.
     * @param capsPerAccount Array of wei limit for individual contribution for each cap tier
     */
    function _setCapsPerAccount(uint256[4] memory capsPerAccount) private {
        require(block.timestamp < openingTime(), "Can only update before start");
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < capsPerAccount.length; i++) {
            require(capsPerAccount[i] > 0, "AccountCappedCrowdsale: capPerAccount is 0");
        }
    
        require(capsPerAccount[0] > capsPerAccount[1], "Must be cap1 > cap2");
        require(capsPerAccount[1] > capsPerAccount[2], "Must be cap2 > cap3");
        require(capsPerAccount[2] > capsPerAccount[3], "Must be cap3 > cap4");
        _capsPerAccount = capsPerAccount;
    
        _capsPerAccount[0]=5 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18); 
        _capsPerAccount[1]=4 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18); 
        _capsPerAccount[2]=3 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18); 
        _capsPerAccount[3]=2 * (10 ** 6) * (10 ** 18); 
        
        emit CapsPerAccount(
            _capsPerAccount[0],
            _capsPerAccount[1],
            _capsPerAccount[2],
            _capsPerAccount[3]
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum contribution for each cap tier.
     * @return Maximum contribution per account tier
     */
    function getCapsPerAccount()
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256,
            uint256,
            uint256,
            uint256
        )
    {
        return (_capsPerAccount[0], _capsPerAccount[1], _capsPerAccount[2], _capsPerAccount[3]);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount contributed so far by a specific beneficiary.
     * @param beneficiary Address of contributor
     * @return Beneficiary contribution so far
     */
    function getContribution(address beneficiary) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _contributions[beneficiary];
    }

    // -- Post Delivery --

    /**
     * @return the balance of an account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    // -- Hooks --

    /**
     * @dev Extend parent behavior to update beneficiary contributions.
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
     */
    function _updatePurchasingState(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal {
        super._updatePurchasingState(beneficiary, weiAmount);
        _contributions[beneficiary] = _contributions[beneficiary].add(weiAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overrides parent by storing due balances, and delivering tokens to the vault instead of the end user. This
     * ensures that the tokens will be available by the time they are withdrawn (which may not be the case if
     * `_deliverTokens` was called later).
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param tokenAmount Amount of tokens purchased
     */
    function _processPurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        _balances[beneficiary] = _balances[beneficiary].add(tokenAmount);
        _deliverTokens(address(_vault), tokenAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring purchase to respect the beneficiary's funding cap.
     * Extend parent behavior requiring beneficiary to be allowlisted.
     * @param beneficiary Token purchaser
     * @param weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
     */
    function _preValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        require(tx.gasprice <= _maxGasPriceWei, "Gas price over limit");

        super._preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
        require(
            isCurrentPhaseAllowed(beneficiary),
            "AllowListCrowdsale: beneficiary is not allowed in this phase"
        );
        require(
            _contributions[beneficiary].add(weiAmount) <= getCapPerAccount(beneficiary),
            "AccountCappedCrowdsale: beneficiary's cap exceeded"
        );
    }
}

/**
 * @title __unstable__TokenVault
 * @dev Similar to an Escrow for tokens, this contract allows its primary account to spend its tokens as it sees fit.
 * This contract is an internal helper for PostDeliveryCrowdsale, and should not be used outside of this context.
 */
// solhint-disable-next-line contract-name-camelcase
contract __unstable__TokenVault is Secondary {
    function transfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public onlyPrimary {
        token.transfer(to, amount);
    }
}