// File: src/BridgeTester.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./external/polygon/IRootChainManager.sol";
import "./external/optimism/IL1StandardBridge.sol";
import "./external/arbitrum/IL1GatewayRouter.sol";

import "./external/openzeppelin/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "./external/IWETH.sol";

contract BridgeTester {

    IWETH constant public weth = IWETH(0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2);

    function bridgeToPolygon(address token, uint amount, bytes calldata bridgeData) external {
        IERC20(token).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        address bridge = abi.decode(bridgeData, (address));
        _bridgeToPolygon(bridge, msg.sender, token, amount);
    }

    function bridgeToOptimism(address token, uint amount, bytes calldata bridgeData) external {
        IERC20(token).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        (address bridge, address tokenL2) = abi.decode(bridgeData, (address, address));
        _bridgeToOptimism(bridge, msg.sender, token, tokenL2, amount);
    }

    function bridgeToArbitrum(address token, uint amount, bytes calldata bridgeData) external {
        IERC20(token).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
         (address bridge, uint maxGas, uint gasPriceBid) = abi.decode(bridgeData, (address, uint, uint));
        _bridgeToArbitrum(bridge, msg.sender, token, amount, maxGas, gasPriceBid);
    }

    function _bridgeToPolygon(address bridge, address to, address tokenL1, uint amount) internal {
        if (bridge != address(0)) {
            if (tokenL1 == address(weth)) {
                weth.withdraw(amount);
                IRootChainManager(bridge).depositEtherFor{value: amount}(to);
            } else {
                IERC20(tokenL1).approve(bridge, amount);
                IRootChainManager(bridge).depositFor(to, tokenL1, abi.encode(amount));
            }
        } else {
            revert("missing bridge data");
        }
    }

    function _bridgeToOptimism(address bridge, address to, address tokenL1, address tokenL2, uint amount) internal {
        if (bridge != address(0)) {
            if (tokenL1 == address(weth)) {
                weth.withdraw(amount);
                IL1StandardBridge(bridge).depositETHTo{value: amount}(to, 200_000, "");
            } else {
                if (tokenL2 != address(0)) {
                    IERC20(tokenL1).approve(bridge, amount);
                    IL1StandardBridge(bridge).depositERC20To(address(tokenL1), tokenL2, to, amount, 200_000, "");
                } else {
                    revert("missing bridge token");
                }
            }
        } else {
            revert("missing bridge data");
        }
    }

    function _bridgeToArbitrum(address bridge, address to, address tokenL1, uint amount, uint maxGas, uint gasPriceBid) internal {
        if (bridge != address(0)) {
            IERC20(tokenL1).approve(bridge, amount);
            IL1GatewayRouter(bridge).outboundTransferCustomRefund(address(tokenL1), to, to, amount, maxGas, gasPriceBid, ""); 
        } else {
            revert("missing bridge data");
        }
    }

    // for WETH unwrapping
    receive() external payable {}
}
// File: src/external/polygon/IRootChainManager.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IRootChainManager {
    event TokenMapped(
        address indexed rootToken,
        address indexed childToken,
        bytes32 indexed tokenType
    );

    event PredicateRegistered(
        bytes32 indexed tokenType,
        address indexed predicateAddress
    );

    function registerPredicate(bytes32 tokenType, address predicateAddress)
        external;

    function mapToken(
        address rootToken,
        address childToken,
        bytes32 tokenType
    ) external;

    function cleanMapToken(
        address rootToken,
        address childToken
    ) external;

    function remapToken(
        address rootToken,
        address childToken,
        bytes32 tokenType
    ) external;

    function depositEtherFor(address user) external payable;

    function depositFor(
        address user,
        address rootToken,
        bytes calldata depositData
    ) external;

    function exit(bytes calldata inputData) external;
}
// File: src/external/optimism/IL1StandardBridge.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >0.5.0 <0.9.0;

import "./IL1ERC20Bridge.sol";

/**
 * @title IL1StandardBridge
 */
interface IL1StandardBridge is IL1ERC20Bridge {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    event ETHDepositInitiated(
        address indexed _from,
        address indexed _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes _data
    );

    event ETHWithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed _from,
        address indexed _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes _data
    );

    /********************
     * Public Functions *
     ********************/

    /**
     * @dev Deposit an amount of the ETH to the caller's balance on L2.
     * @param _l2Gas Gas limit required to complete the deposit on L2.
     * @param _data Optional data to forward to L2. This data is provided
     *        solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *        length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function depositETH(uint32 _l2Gas, bytes calldata _data) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Deposit an amount of ETH to a recipient's balance on L2.
     * @param _to L2 address to credit the withdrawal to.
     * @param _l2Gas Gas limit required to complete the deposit on L2.
     * @param _data Optional data to forward to L2. This data is provided
     *        solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *        length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function depositETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _l2Gas,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable;

    /*************************
     * Cross-chain Functions *
     *************************/

    /**
     * @dev Complete a withdrawal from L2 to L1, and credit funds to the recipient's balance of the
     * L1 ETH token. Since only the xDomainMessenger can call this function, it will never be called
     * before the withdrawal is finalized.
     * @param _from L2 address initiating the transfer.
     * @param _to L1 address to credit the withdrawal to.
     * @param _amount Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _data Optional data to forward to L2. This data is provided
     *        solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *        length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function finalizeETHWithdrawal(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external;
}
// File: src/external/arbitrum/IL1GatewayRouter.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

/*
 * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;

import "./ITokenGateway.sol";
import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title Handles deposits from Erhereum into Arbitrum. Tokens are routered to their appropriate L1 gateway (Router itself also conforms to the Gateway itnerface).
 * @notice Router also serves as an L1-L2 token address oracle.
 */
interface IL1GatewayRouter is ITokenGateway, IERC165 {
    /**
     * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum using the registered or otherwise default gateway
     * @dev Some legacy gateway might not have the outboundTransferCustomRefund method and will revert, in such case use outboundTransfer instead
     *      L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
     *      - an externally-owned account
     *      - a contract in construction
     *      - an address where a contract will be created
     *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * @param _token L1 address of ERC20
     * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
     * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                  This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
     * @param _amount Token Amount
     * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
     * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
     * @param _data encoded data from router and user
     * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
     */
    function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
        address _token,
        address _refundTo,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _maxGas,
        uint256 _gasPriceBid,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable returns (bytes memory);

    /**
     * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway.
     * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
     * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
     * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
     * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
     * @param _creditBackAddress address for crediting back overpayment of _maxSubmissionCost
     * @return Retryable ticket ID
     */
    function setGateway(
        address _gateway,
        uint256 _maxGas,
        uint256 _gasPriceBid,
        uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
        address _creditBackAddress
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway. (other setGateway method allows excess eth recovery from _maxSubmissionCost and is recommended)
     * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
     * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
     * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
     * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
     * @return Retryable ticket ID
     */
    function setGateway(
        address _gateway,
        uint256 _maxGas,
        uint256 _gasPriceBid,
        uint256 _maxSubmissionCost
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    function owner() external view returns (address);

    function inbox() external view returns (address);
}
// File: src/external/openzeppelin/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: src/external/IWETH.sol



pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface IWETH {
    function deposit() external payable;
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function withdraw(uint) external;
}
// File: src/external/optimism/IL1ERC20Bridge.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >0.5.0 <0.9.0;

/**
 * @title IL1ERC20Bridge
 */
interface IL1ERC20Bridge {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/

    event ERC20DepositInitiated(
        address indexed _l1Token,
        address indexed _l2Token,
        address indexed _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes _data
    );

    event ERC20WithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed _l1Token,
        address indexed _l2Token,
        address indexed _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes _data
    );

    /********************
     * Public Functions *
     ********************/

    /**
     * @dev get the address of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     * @return Address of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     */
    function l2TokenBridge() external returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev deposit an amount of the ERC20 to the caller's balance on L2.
     * @param _l1Token Address of the L1 ERC20 we are depositing
     * @param _l2Token Address of the L1 respective L2 ERC20
     * @param _amount Amount of the ERC20 to deposit
     * @param _l2Gas Gas limit required to complete the deposit on L2.
     * @param _data Optional data to forward to L2. This data is provided
     *        solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *        length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function depositERC20(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _l2Gas,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev deposit an amount of ERC20 to a recipient's balance on L2.
     * @param _l1Token Address of the L1 ERC20 we are depositing
     * @param _l2Token Address of the L1 respective L2 ERC20
     * @param _to L2 address to credit the withdrawal to.
     * @param _amount Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _l2Gas Gas limit required to complete the deposit on L2.
     * @param _data Optional data to forward to L2. This data is provided
     *        solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *        length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function depositERC20To(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _l2Gas,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external;

    /*************************
     * Cross-chain Functions *
     *************************/

    /**
     * @dev Complete a withdrawal from L2 to L1, and credit funds to the recipient's balance of the
     * L1 ERC20 token.
     * This call will fail if the initialized withdrawal from L2 has not been finalized.
     *
     * @param _l1Token Address of L1 token to finalizeWithdrawal for.
     * @param _l2Token Address of L2 token where withdrawal was initiated.
     * @param _from L2 address initiating the transfer.
     * @param _to L1 address to credit the withdrawal to.
     * @param _amount Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _data Data provided by the sender on L2. This data is provided
     *   solely as a convenience for external contracts. Aside from enforcing a maximum
     *   length, these contracts provide no guarantees about its content.
     */
    function finalizeERC20Withdrawal(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external;
}
// File: src/external/arbitrum/ITokenGateway.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

/*
 * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;

interface ITokenGateway {
    /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositInitiated and WithdrawalInitiated
    // event OutboundTransferInitiated(
    //     address token,
    //     address indexed _from,
    //     address indexed _to,
    //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
    //     uint256 _amount,
    //     bytes _data
    // );

    /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositFinalized and WithdrawalFinalized
    // event InboundTransferFinalized(
    //     address token,
    //     address indexed _from,
    //     address indexed _to,
    //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
    //     uint256 _amount,
    //     bytes _data
    // );

    function outboundTransfer(
        address _token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _maxGas,
        uint256 _gasPriceBid,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable returns (bytes memory);

    function finalizeInboundTransfer(
        address _token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @notice Calculate the address used when bridging an ERC20 token
     * @dev the L1 and L2 address oracles may not always be in sync.
     * For example, a custom token may have been registered but not deploy or the contract self destructed.
     * @param l1ERC20 address of L1 token
     * @return L2 address of a bridged ERC20 token
     */
    function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20) external view returns (address);

    function getOutboundCalldata(
        address _token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);
}
// File: src/external/arbitrum/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

// With pragma modification to allow interface compatibility with >=0.6.9 <0.9.0
// https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/release-v4.6/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol

// solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}
// File: src/external/openzeppelin/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: src/external/openzeppelin/token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// File: src/external/openzeppelin/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}