// File: contracts/Nonameclub.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
//@author: Angel Moratilla
//@title: Nonameclub
// 
//  _        _______  _        _______  _______  _______  _______  _                 ______  
// ( (    /|(  ___  )( (    /|(  ___  )(       )(  ____ \(  ____ \( \      |\     /|(  ___ \ 
// |  \  ( || (   ) ||  \  ( || (   ) || () () || (    \/| (    \/| (      | )   ( || (   ) )
// |   \ | || |   | ||   \ | || (___) || || || || (__    | |      | |      | |   | || (__/ / 
// | (\ \) || |   | || (\ \) ||  ___  || |(_)| ||  __)   | |      | |      | |   | ||  __ (  
// | | \   || |   | || | \   || (   ) || |   | || (      | |      | |      | |   | || (  \ \ 
// | )  \  || (___) || )  \  || )   ( || )   ( || (____/\| (____/\| (____/\| (___) || )___) )
// |/    )_)(_______)|/    )_)|/     \||/     \|(_______/(_______/(_______/(_______)|/ \___/ 
//
//
//
import "./ERC721Psi.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract Nonameclub is ERC721Psi, Ownable {
    
    string public baseURI = "ipfs://Qmcb1P45a7ULe23oHuBjAsyX548wyytynJqRVVR8CNnLb1/";
    uint256 public MAX_SUPPLY = 500;
    address private fiatMinter = 0x349560B18AF0aC8474dFa15221C5430A94A5E3C6;
    

    
    constructor()
        ERC721Psi("Nonameclub", "NNC")
        Ownable(msg.sender)
    {}

    function mint(address to, uint256 quantity) external payable onlyOwner{
        // Minting will be restricted to Owner
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Not enough tokens left");
        // _safeMint's second argument now takes in a quantity, not a tokenId. (same as ERC721A)
        _safeMint(to, quantity);       
    }

    function setMaxSupply(uint256 _newMaxSupply) external onlyOwner {
        MAX_SUPPLY = _newMaxSupply;
    }
// FIAT MINT
    function setFiatMinter(address _fiatMinter) external onlyOwner {
        fiatMinter = _fiatMinter;
    }
    function getFiatMinter() external view onlyOwner returns (address) {
        return fiatMinter;
    }
    // Fiat mint can only be called by fiatMinter
    modifier onlyFiatMinter() {
        require(fiatMinter == msg.sender, "Caller is not minter");
        _;
    }
    function fiatMint(address to, uint256 quantity) external onlyFiatMinter {
        require(totalSupply() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Not enough tokens left");
        _safeMint(to, quantity);
    }    

// WITHDRAW
    // In case someone gives eth to the contract
    function withdraw() external payable onlyOwner {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }
    
// MISC
    function setBaseURI(string memory _newBaseURI) external onlyOwner{
        baseURI = _newBaseURI;
    }
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return baseURI;
    }


    
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor(address initialOwner) {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: contracts/ERC721Psi.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/**
  ______ _____   _____ ______ ___  __ _  _  _ 
 |  ____|  __ \ / ____|____  |__ \/_ | || || |
 | |__  | |__) | |        / /   ) || | \| |/ |
 |  __| |  _  /| |       / /   / / | |\_   _/ 
 | |____| | \ \| |____  / /   / /_ | |  | |   
 |______|_|  \_\\_____|/_/   |____||_|  |_|   

 - github: https://github.com/estarriolvetch/ERC721Psi
 - npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/erc721psi
                                          
 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/StorageSlot.sol";
import "solidity-bits/contracts/BitMaps.sol";


contract ERC721Psi is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;
    using BitMaps for BitMaps.BitMap;

    BitMaps.BitMap private _batchHead;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) internal _owners;
    uint256 private _currentIndex;

    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;
    // The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
    // `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
    bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
        0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the starting token ID.
     * To change the starting token ID, please override this function.
     */
    function _startTokenId() internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // It will become modifiable in the future versions
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
     */
    function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _currentIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
     */
    function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
    }


    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override(ERC165, IERC165)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) 
        public 
        view 
        virtual 
        override 
        returns (uint) 
    {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721Psi: balance query for the zero address");

        uint count;
        for( uint i = _startTokenId(); i < _nextTokenId(); ++i ){
            if(_exists(i)){
                if( owner == ownerOf(i)){
                    ++count;
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        (address owner, ) = _ownerAndBatchHeadOf(tokenId);
        return owner;
    }

    function _ownerAndBatchHeadOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (address owner, uint256 tokenIdBatchHead){
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Psi: owner query for nonexistent token");
        tokenIdBatchHead = _getBatchHead(tokenId);
        owner = _owners[tokenIdBatchHead];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Psi: URI query for nonexistent token");

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overriden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }


    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721Psi: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721Psi: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        require(
            _exists(tokenId),
            "ERC721Psi: approved query for nonexistent token"
        );

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved)
        public
        virtual
        override
    {
        require(operator != _msgSender(), "ERC721Psi: approve to caller");

        _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(
            _isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId),
            "ERC721Psi: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
        );

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(
            _isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId),
            "ERC721Psi: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
        );
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, 1,_data),
            "ERC721Psi: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return tokenId < _nextTokenId() && _startTokenId() <= tokenId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (bool)
    {
        require(
            _exists(tokenId),
            "ERC721Psi: operator query for nonexistent token"
        );
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner ||
            getApproved(tokenId) == spender ||
            isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, quantity, "");
    }

    
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 nextTokenId = _nextTokenId();
        _mint(to, quantity);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, nextTokenId, quantity, _data),
            "ERC721Psi: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }


    function _mint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 nextTokenId = _nextTokenId();
        
        require(quantity > 0, "ERC721Psi: quantity must be greater 0");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721Psi: mint to the zero address");
        
        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, nextTokenId, quantity);
        _currentIndex += quantity;
        _owners[nextTokenId] = to;
        _batchHead.set(nextTokenId);

        uint256 toMasked;
        uint256 end = nextTokenId + quantity;

        // Use assembly to loop and emit the `Transfer` event for gas savings.
        // The duplicated `log4` removes an extra check and reduces stack juggling.
        // The assembly, together with the surrounding Solidity code, have been
        // delicately arranged to nudge the compiler into producing optimized opcodes.
        assembly {
            // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            toMasked := and(to, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // Emit the `Transfer` event.
            log4(
                0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
                0, // End of data (0, since no data).
                _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
                0, // `address(0)`.
                toMasked, // `to`.
                nextTokenId // `tokenId`.
            )

            // The `iszero(eq(,))` check ensures that large values of `quantity`
            // that overflows uint256 will make the loop run out of gas.
            // The compiler will optimize the `iszero` away for performance.
            for {
                let tokenId := add(nextTokenId, 1)
            } iszero(eq(tokenId, end)) {
                tokenId := add(tokenId, 1)
            } {
                // Emit the `Transfer` event. Similar to above.
                log4(0, 0, _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, toMasked, tokenId)
            }
        }

        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, nextTokenId, quantity);
    }


    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        (address owner, uint256 tokenIdBatchHead) = _ownerAndBatchHeadOf(tokenId);

        require(
            owner == from,
            "ERC721Psi: transfer of token that is not own"
        );
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721Psi: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);   

        uint256 subsequentTokenId = tokenId + 1;

        if(!_batchHead.get(subsequentTokenId) &&  
            subsequentTokenId < _nextTokenId()
        ) {
            _owners[subsequentTokenId] = from;
            _batchHead.set(subsequentTokenId);
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;
        if(tokenId != tokenIdBatchHead) {
            _batchHead.set(tokenId);
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param startTokenId uint256 the first ID of the tokens to be transferred
     * @param quantity uint256 amount of the tokens to be transfered.
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return r bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool r) {
        // AMC: I restore de isContract function, opensea removed it from Address.sol because it can be overriden if called from constructor
        uint length;
        assembly{ length := extcodesize(to)}

        //if (to.isContract()) {
        if (length > 0) {
            r = true;
            for(uint256 tokenId = startTokenId; tokenId < startTokenId + quantity; tokenId++){
                try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                    r = r && retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
                } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                    if (reason.length == 0) {
                        revert("ERC721Psi: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                    } else {
                        assembly {
                            revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return r;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    function _getBatchHead(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (uint256 tokenIdBatchHead) {
        tokenIdBatchHead = _batchHead.scanForward(tokenId); 
    }


    function totalSupply() public virtual view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalMinted();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an array of token IDs owned by `owner`.
     *
     * This function scans the ownership mapping and is O(`totalSupply`) in complexity.
     * It is meant to be called off-chain.
     *
     * This function is compatiable with ERC721AQueryable.
     */
    function tokensOfOwner(address owner) external view virtual returns (uint256[] memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 tokenIdsIdx;
            uint256 tokenIdsLength = balanceOf(owner);
            uint256[] memory tokenIds = new uint256[](tokenIdsLength);
            for (uint256 i = _startTokenId(); tokenIdsIdx != tokenIdsLength; ++i) {
                if (_exists(i)) {
                    if (ownerOf(i) == owner) {
                        tokenIds[tokenIdsIdx++] = i;
                    }
                }
            }
            return tokenIds;   
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token ids are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token ids have been transferred. This includes
     * minting.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}
}
// File: solidity-bits/contracts/BitMaps.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/**
   _____       ___     ___ __           ____  _ __      
  / ___/____  / (_)___/ (_) /___  __   / __ )(_) /______
  \__ \/ __ \/ / / __  / / __/ / / /  / __  / / __/ ___/
 ___/ / /_/ / / / /_/ / / /_/ /_/ /  / /_/ / / /_(__  ) 
/____/\____/_/_/\__,_/_/\__/\__, /  /_____/_/\__/____/  
                           /____/                        

- npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/solidity-bits
- github: https://github.com/estarriolvetch/solidity-bits

 */
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./BitScan.sol";
import "./Popcount.sol";

/**
 * @dev This Library is a modified version of Openzeppelin's BitMaps library with extra features.
 *
 * 1. Functions of finding the index of the closest set bit from a given index are added.
 *    The indexing of each bucket is modifed to count from the MSB to the LSB instead of from the LSB to the MSB.
 *    The modification of indexing makes finding the closest previous set bit more efficient in gas usage.
 * 2. Setting and unsetting the bitmap consecutively.
 * 3. Accounting number of set bits within a given range.   
 *
*/

/**
 * @dev Library for managing uint256 to bool mapping in a compact and efficient way, providing the keys are sequential.
 * Largelly inspired by Uniswap's https://github.com/Uniswap/merkle-distributor/blob/master/contracts/MerkleDistributor.sol[merkle-distributor].
 */

library BitMaps {
    using BitScan for uint256;
    uint256 private constant MASK_INDEX_ZERO = (1 << 255);
    uint256 private constant MASK_FULL = type(uint256).max;

    struct BitMap {
        mapping(uint256 => uint256) _data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the bit at `index` is set.
     */
    function get(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = MASK_INDEX_ZERO >> (index & 0xff);
        return bitmap._data[bucket] & mask != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the bit at `index` to the boolean `value`.
     */
    function setTo(
        BitMap storage bitmap,
        uint256 index,
        bool value
    ) internal {
        if (value) {
            set(bitmap, index);
        } else {
            unset(bitmap, index);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the bit at `index`.
     */
    function set(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = MASK_INDEX_ZERO >> (index & 0xff);
        bitmap._data[bucket] |= mask;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsets the bit at `index`.
     */
    function unset(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = MASK_INDEX_ZERO >> (index & 0xff);
        bitmap._data[bucket] &= ~mask;
    }


    /**
     * @dev Consecutively sets `amount` of bits starting from the bit at `startIndex`.
     */    
    function setBatch(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 startIndex, uint256 amount) internal {
        uint256 bucket = startIndex >> 8;

        uint256 bucketStartIndex = (startIndex & 0xff);

        unchecked {
            if(bucketStartIndex + amount < 256) {
                bitmap._data[bucket] |= MASK_FULL << (256 - amount) >> bucketStartIndex;
            } else {
                bitmap._data[bucket] |= MASK_FULL >> bucketStartIndex;
                amount -= (256 - bucketStartIndex);
                bucket++;

                while(amount > 256) {
                    bitmap._data[bucket] = MASK_FULL;
                    amount -= 256;
                    bucket++;
                }

                bitmap._data[bucket] |= MASK_FULL << (256 - amount);
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * @dev Consecutively unsets `amount` of bits starting from the bit at `startIndex`.
     */    
    function unsetBatch(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 startIndex, uint256 amount) internal {
        uint256 bucket = startIndex >> 8;

        uint256 bucketStartIndex = (startIndex & 0xff);

        unchecked {
            if(bucketStartIndex + amount < 256) {
                bitmap._data[bucket] &= ~(MASK_FULL << (256 - amount) >> bucketStartIndex);
            } else {
                bitmap._data[bucket] &= ~(MASK_FULL >> bucketStartIndex);
                amount -= (256 - bucketStartIndex);
                bucket++;

                while(amount > 256) {
                    bitmap._data[bucket] = 0;
                    amount -= 256;
                    bucket++;
                }

                bitmap._data[bucket] &= ~(MASK_FULL << (256 - amount));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns number of set bits within a range.
     */
    function popcountA(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 startIndex, uint256 amount) internal view returns(uint256 count) {
        uint256 bucket = startIndex >> 8;

        uint256 bucketStartIndex = (startIndex & 0xff);

        unchecked {
            if(bucketStartIndex + amount < 256) {
                count +=  Popcount.popcount256A(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL << (256 - amount) >> bucketStartIndex)
                );
            } else {
                count += Popcount.popcount256A(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL >> bucketStartIndex)
                );
                amount -= (256 - bucketStartIndex);
                bucket++;

                while(amount > 256) {
                    count += Popcount.popcount256A(bitmap._data[bucket]);
                    amount -= 256;
                    bucket++;
                }
                count += Popcount.popcount256A(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL << (256 - amount))
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns number of set bits within a range.
     */
    function popcountB(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 startIndex, uint256 amount) internal view returns(uint256 count) {
        uint256 bucket = startIndex >> 8;

        uint256 bucketStartIndex = (startIndex & 0xff);

        unchecked {
            if(bucketStartIndex + amount < 256) {
                count +=  Popcount.popcount256B(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL << (256 - amount) >> bucketStartIndex)
                );
            } else {
                count += Popcount.popcount256B(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL >> bucketStartIndex)
                );
                amount -= (256 - bucketStartIndex);
                bucket++;

                while(amount > 256) {
                    count += Popcount.popcount256B(bitmap._data[bucket]);
                    amount -= 256;
                    bucket++;
                }
                count += Popcount.popcount256B(
                    bitmap._data[bucket] & (MASK_FULL << (256 - amount))
                );
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * @dev Find the closest index of the set bit before `index`.
     */
    function scanForward(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256 setBitIndex) {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;

        // index within the bucket
        uint256 bucketIndex = (index & 0xff);

        // load a bitboard from the bitmap.
        uint256 bb = bitmap._data[bucket];

        // offset the bitboard to scan from `bucketIndex`.
        bb = bb >> (0xff ^ bucketIndex); // bb >> (255 - bucketIndex)
        
        if(bb > 0) {
            unchecked {
                setBitIndex = (bucket << 8) | (bucketIndex -  bb.bitScanForward256());    
            }
        } else {
            while(true) {
                require(bucket > 0, "BitMaps: The set bit before the index doesn't exist.");
                unchecked {
                    bucket--;
                }
                // No offset. Always scan from the least significiant bit now.
                bb = bitmap._data[bucket];
                
                if(bb > 0) {
                    unchecked {
                        setBitIndex = (bucket << 8) | (255 -  bb.bitScanForward256());
                        break;
                    }
                } 
            }
        }
    }

    function getBucket(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 bucket) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return bitmap._data[bucket];
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/StorageSlot.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);

    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {FailedInnerCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
     * unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

import {IERC721} from "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be
     * reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

import {IERC165} from "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
     *   a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or
     *   {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
     *   a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the address zero.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: solidity-bits/contracts/Popcount.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/**
   _____       ___     ___ __           ____  _ __      
  / ___/____  / (_)___/ (_) /___  __   / __ )(_) /______
  \__ \/ __ \/ / / __  / / __/ / / /  / __  / / __/ ___/
 ___/ / /_/ / / / /_/ / / /_/ /_/ /  / /_/ / / /_(__  ) 
/____/\____/_/_/\__,_/_/\__/\__, /  /_____/_/\__/____/  
                           /____/                        

- npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/solidity-bits
- github: https://github.com/estarriolvetch/solidity-bits

 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library Popcount {
    uint256 private constant m1 = 0x5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555;
    uint256 private constant m2 = 0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333;
    uint256 private constant m4 = 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f;
    uint256 private constant h01 = 0x0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101;

    function popcount256A(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 count) {
        unchecked{
            for (count=0; x!=0; count++)
                x &= x - 1;
        }
    }

    function popcount256B(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (x == type(uint256).max) {
            return 256;
        }
        unchecked {
            x -= (x >> 1) & m1;             //put count of each 2 bits into those 2 bits
            x = (x & m2) + ((x >> 2) & m2); //put count of each 4 bits into those 4 bits 
            x = (x + (x >> 4)) & m4;        //put count of each 8 bits into those 8 bits 
            x = (x * h01) >> 248;  //returns left 8 bits of x + (x<<8) + (x<<16) + (x<<24) + ... 
        }
        return x;
    }
}
// File: solidity-bits/contracts/BitScan.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/**
   _____       ___     ___ __           ____  _ __      
  / ___/____  / (_)___/ (_) /___  __   / __ )(_) /______
  \__ \/ __ \/ / / __  / / __/ / / /  / __  / / __/ ___/
 ___/ / /_/ / / / /_/ / / /_/ /_/ /  / /_/ / / /_(__  ) 
/____/\____/_/_/\__,_/_/\__/\__, /  /_____/_/\__/____/  
                           /____/                        

- npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/solidity-bits
- github: https://github.com/estarriolvetch/solidity-bits

 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


library BitScan {
    uint256 constant private DEBRUIJN_256 = 0x818283848586878898a8b8c8d8e8f929395969799a9b9d9e9faaeb6bedeeff;
    bytes constant private LOOKUP_TABLE_256 = hex"0001020903110a19042112290b311a3905412245134d2a550c5d32651b6d3a7506264262237d468514804e8d2b95569d0d495ea533a966b11c886eb93bc176c9071727374353637324837e9b47af86c7155181ad4fd18ed32c9096db57d59ee30e2e4a6a5f92a6be3498aae067ddb2eb1d5989b56fd7baf33ca0c2ee77e5caf7ff0810182028303840444c545c646c7425617c847f8c949c48a4a8b087b8c0c816365272829aaec650acd0d28fdad4e22d6991bd97dfdcea58b4d6f29fede4f6fe0f1f2f3f4b5b6b607b8b93a3a7b7bf357199c5abcfd9e168bcdee9b3f1ecf5fd1e3e5a7a8aa2b670c4ced8bbe8f0f4fc3d79a1c3cde7effb78cce6facbf9f8";

    /**
        @dev Isolate the least significant set bit.
     */ 
    function isolateLS1B256(uint256 bb) pure internal returns (uint256) {
        require(bb > 0);
        unchecked {
            return bb & (0 - bb);
        }
    } 

    /**
        @dev Isolate the most significant set bit.
     */ 
    function isolateMS1B256(uint256 bb) pure internal returns (uint256) {
        require(bb > 0);
        unchecked {
            bb |= bb >> 128;
            bb |= bb >> 64;
            bb |= bb >> 32;
            bb |= bb >> 16;
            bb |= bb >> 8;
            bb |= bb >> 4;
            bb |= bb >> 2;
            bb |= bb >> 1;
            
            return (bb >> 1) + 1;
        }
    } 

    /**
        @dev Find the index of the lest significant set bit. (trailing zero count)
     */ 
    function bitScanForward256(uint256 bb) pure internal returns (uint8) {
        unchecked {
            return uint8(LOOKUP_TABLE_256[(isolateLS1B256(bb) * DEBRUIJN_256) >> 248]);
        }   
    }

    /**
        @dev Find the index of the most significant set bit.
     */ 
    function bitScanReverse256(uint256 bb) pure internal returns (uint8) {
        unchecked {
            return 255 - uint8(LOOKUP_TABLE_256[((isolateMS1B256(bb) * DEBRUIJN_256) >> 248)]);
        }   
    }

    function log2(uint256 bb) pure internal returns (uint8) {
        unchecked {
            return uint8(LOOKUP_TABLE_256[(isolateMS1B256(bb) * DEBRUIJN_256) >> 248]);
        } 
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SignedMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();

    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }

        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}