// File: contracts/RCFanPass.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/common/ERC2981.sol";
import "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import "operator-filter-registry/src/DefaultOperatorFilterer.sol";

contract RCFanPass is ERC721A, ERC2981, Pausable, Ownable, DefaultOperatorFilterer {

 using Strings for uint256;

 uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 20500;
 uint256 public MAX_MINT_PER_WALLET = 2;
 string uriSuffix = ".json";

 bool public publicMintEnabled = false;

 string public baseTokenURI;

 modifier publicMintable() {
 require(publicMintEnabled, "Public minting is not enabled");
 _;
 }

 enum trait {
 VIP_FAN_PASS,
 OG_FAN_PASS,
 META_FAN_PASS
 }

 constructor(string memory _name, string memory _symbol, string memory _baseTokenURI, address _royaltyReceiver, uint96 _defaultRoyaltyValue) ERC721A(_name, _symbol) {
 baseTokenURI = _baseTokenURI;
 _setDefaultRoyalty(_royaltyReceiver, _defaultRoyaltyValue);
 }

 function adminMint(uint256 _count, address _receiver) public onlyOwner whenNotPaused {
 require(_nextTokenId() + _count <= MAX_SUPPLY+1, "Max supply reached");
 _safeMint(_receiver, _count);
 }

 function publicMint(uint256 _count) public whenNotPaused publicMintable {
 require(_count <= MAX_MINT_PER_WALLET, "Exceeds max mint per wallet");
 require(_nextTokenId() >= 5500, "Can't public mint yet");
 require(_nextTokenId() + _count <= MAX_SUPPLY+1, "Max supply reached");
 _safeMint(msg.sender, _count);
 }

 function getTrait(uint256 _tokenId) public pure returns (trait) {
 if (_tokenId <= 500) {
 return trait.VIP_FAN_PASS;
 } else if (_tokenId <= 5500) {
 return trait.OG_FAN_PASS;
 } else {
 return trait.META_FAN_PASS;
 }
 }

 function setMaxMintPerWallet(uint256 _newMaxMintPerWallet) public onlyOwner {
 MAX_MINT_PER_WALLET = _newMaxMintPerWallet;
 }

 function setRoyalty(address _newRoyaltyReceiver, uint96 _newRoyaltyValue) public onlyOwner {
 _setDefaultRoyalty(_newRoyaltyReceiver, _newRoyaltyValue);
 }

 function pause() public onlyOwner whenNotPaused {
 _pause();
 }

 function unpause() public onlyOwner whenPaused {
 _unpause();
 }

 function flipPublicMint() public onlyOwner {
 publicMintEnabled = !publicMintEnabled;
 }

 function setBaseURI(string memory _newBaseURI) public onlyOwner {
 baseTokenURI = _newBaseURI;
 }

 function setURISuffix(string memory _newURISuffix) public onlyOwner {
 uriSuffix = _newURISuffix;
 }

 function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
 require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");
 string memory currentBaseUri = _baseURI();
 return bytes(currentBaseUri).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(currentBaseUri, tokenId.toString(), uriSuffix)) : "";
 }

 function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
 return baseTokenURI;
 }

 function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override whenNotPaused onlyAllowedOperatorApproval(operator) {
 super.setApprovalForAll(operator, approved);
 }

 function approve (address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override whenNotPaused onlyAllowedOperatorApproval(to) {
 super.approve(to, tokenId);
 }

 function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override whenNotPaused onlyAllowedOperator(from) {
 super.transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
 }

 function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override whenNotPaused onlyAllowedOperator(from) {
 super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
 }

 function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public payable virtual override whenNotPaused onlyAllowedOperator(from) {
 super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, data);
 }

 function withdraw(address tokenAddress) public onlyOwner {
 if (tokenAddress == address(0)) {
 payable(msg.sender).transfer(address(this).balance);
 } else {
 IERC20(tokenAddress).transfer(msg.sender, IERC20(tokenAddress).balanceOf(address(this)));
 }
 }

 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721A, ERC2981) returns (bool) {
 return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 }

 function _startTokenId() internal pure virtual override returns (uint256) {
 return 1;
 }

}
// File: operator-filter-registry/src/DefaultOperatorFilterer.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {OperatorFilterer} from "./OperatorFilterer.sol";
import {CANONICAL_CORI_SUBSCRIPTION} from "./lib/Constants.sol";
/**
 * @title DefaultOperatorFilterer
 * @notice Inherits from OperatorFilterer and automatically subscribes to the default OpenSea subscription.
 * @dev Please note that if your token contract does not provide an owner with EIP-173, it must provide
 * administration methods on the contract itself to interact with the registry otherwise the subscription
 * will be locked to the options set during construction.
 */

abstract contract DefaultOperatorFilterer is OperatorFilterer {
 /// @dev The constructor that is called when the contract is being deployed.
 constructor() OperatorFilterer(CANONICAL_CORI_SUBSCRIPTION, true) {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
 bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
 uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

 /**
 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
 */
 function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
 unchecked {
 uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
 string memory buffer = new string(length);
 uint256 ptr;
 /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
 assembly {
 ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
 }
 while (true) {
 ptr--;
 /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
 assembly {
 mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
 }
 value /= 10;
 if (value == 0) break;
 }
 return buffer;
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
 */
 function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
 unchecked {
 return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
 */
 function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
 bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
 buffer[0] = "0";
 buffer[1] = "x";
 for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
 buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
 value >>= 4;
 }
 require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
 return string(buffer);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
 */
 function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
 return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
 address private _owner;

 event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

 /**
 * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
 */
 constructor() {
 _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
 }

 /**
 * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
 */
 modifier onlyOwner() {
 _checkOwner();
 _;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
 */
 function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
 return _owner;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
 */
 function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
 require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
 }

 /**
 * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
 * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
 *
 * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
 * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
 */
 function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
 _transferOwnership(address(0));
 }

 /**
 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
 * Can only be called by the current owner.
 */
 function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
 require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
 _transferOwnership(newOwner);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
 * Internal function without access restriction.
 */
 function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
 address oldOwner = _owner;
 _owner = newOwner;
 emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
 /**
 * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
 * another (`to`).
 *
 * Note that `value` may be zero.
 */
 event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
 * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
 */
 event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
 */
 function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
 */
 function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

 /**
 * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
 *
 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
 * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
 * zero by default.
 *
 * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
 */
 function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

 /**
 * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
 *
 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
 * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
 * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
 * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
 * desired value afterwards:
 * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
 *
 * Emits an {Approval} event.
 */
 function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
 * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
 * allowance.
 *
 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function transferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 amount
 ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.3
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import './IERC721A.sol';

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721 token receiver.
 */
interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
 function onERC721Received(
 address operator,
 address from,
 uint256 tokenId,
 bytes calldata data
 ) external returns (bytes4);
}

/**
 * @title ERC721A
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the [ERC721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721)
 * Non-Fungible Token Standard, including the Metadata extension.
 * Optimized for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Token IDs are minted in sequential order (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
 * starting from `_startTokenId()`.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *
 * - An owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 * - The maximum token ID cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
 // Bypass for a `--via-ir` bug (https://github.com/chiru-labs/ERC721A/pull/364).
 struct TokenApprovalRef {
 address value;
 }

 // =============================================================
 // CONSTANTS
 // =============================================================

 // Mask of an entry in packed address data.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;

 // The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;

 // The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;

 // The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_AUX = 192;

 // Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;

 // The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;

 // The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;

 // The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;

 // The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;

 // The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
 uint256 private constant _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;

 // Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;

 // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
 uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;

 // The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with {_mintERC2309}.
 // This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
 // For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to {_mintERC2309}
 // is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
 uint256 private constant _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;

 // The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
 // `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
 bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;

 // =============================================================
 // STORAGE
 // =============================================================

 // The next token ID to be minted.
 uint256 private _currentIndex;

 // The number of tokens burned.
 uint256 private _burnCounter;

 // Token name
 string private _name;

 // Token symbol
 string private _symbol;

 // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
 // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
 // See {_packedOwnershipOf} implementation for details.
 //
 // Bits Layout:
 // - [0..159] `addr`
 // - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
 // - [224] `burned`
 // - [225] `nextInitialized`
 // - [232..255] `extraData`
 mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;

 // Mapping owner address to address data.
 //
 // Bits Layout:
 // - [0..63] `balance`
 // - [64..127] `numberMinted`
 // - [128..191] `numberBurned`
 // - [192..255] `aux`
 mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;

 // Mapping from token ID to approved address.
 mapping(uint256 => TokenApprovalRef) private _tokenApprovals;

 // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
 mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

 // =============================================================
 // CONSTRUCTOR
 // =============================================================

 constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
 _name = name_;
 _symbol = symbol_;
 _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
 }

 // =============================================================
 // TOKEN COUNTING OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the starting token ID.
 * To change the starting token ID, please override this function.
 */
 function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
 return 0;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
 */
 function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
 return _currentIndex;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
 * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
 * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
 */
 function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
 // Counter underflow is impossible as _burnCounter cannot be incremented
 // more than `_currentIndex - _startTokenId()` times.
 unchecked {
 return _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
 */
 function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
 // Counter underflow is impossible as `_currentIndex` does not decrement,
 // and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`.
 unchecked {
 return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
 */
 function _totalBurned() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
 return _burnCounter;
 }

 // =============================================================
 // ADDRESS DATA OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
 */
 function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
 if (owner == address(0)) revert BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
 return _packedAddressData[owner] & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
 }

 /**
 * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
 */
 function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
 return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
 }

 /**
 * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
 */
 function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
 return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
 }

 /**
 * Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
 */
 function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
 return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_AUX);
 }

 /**
 * Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
 * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
 */
 function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal virtual {
 uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
 uint256 auxCasted;
 // Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
 assembly {
 auxCasted := aux
 }
 packed = (packed & _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << _BITPOS_AUX);
 _packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
 }

 // =============================================================
 // IERC165
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
 * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
 * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
 * to learn more about how these ids are created.
 *
 * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
 */
 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 // The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes
 // of the XOR of all function selectors in the interface.
 // See: [ERC165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)
 // (e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`)
 return
 interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
 interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
 interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
 }

 // =============================================================
 // IERC721Metadata
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the token collection name.
 */
 function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
 return _name;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
 */
 function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
 return _symbol;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
 */
 function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
 if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

 string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
 return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId))) : '';
 }

 /**
 * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
 * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
 * by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
 */
 function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
 return '';
 }

 // =============================================================
 // OWNERSHIPS OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 */
 function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
 return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
 }

 /**
 * @dev Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
 * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around over time.
 */
 function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
 return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
 */
 function _ownershipAt(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
 return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
 */
 function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal virtual {
 if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
 _packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
 }
 }

 /**
 * Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
 */
 function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256) {
 uint256 curr = tokenId;

 unchecked {
 if (_startTokenId() <= curr)
 if (curr < _currentIndex) {
 uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[curr];
 // If not burned.
 if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) {
 // Invariant:
 // There will always be an initialized ownership slot
 // (i.e. `ownership.addr != address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
 // before an unintialized ownership slot
 // (i.e. `ownership.addr == address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
 // Hence, `curr` will not underflow.
 //
 // We can directly compare the packed value.
 // If the address is zero, packed will be zero.
 while (packed == 0) {
 packed = _packedOwnerships[--curr];
 }
 return packed;
 }
 }
 }
 revert OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
 */
 function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed) private pure returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership) {
 ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
 ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
 ownership.burned = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
 ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
 */
 function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags) private view returns (uint256 result) {
 assembly {
 // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
 owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
 // `owner | (block.timestamp << _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
 result := or(owner, or(shl(_BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
 */
 function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity) private pure returns (uint256 result) {
 // For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
 assembly {
 // `(quantity == 1) << _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
 result := shl(_BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
 }
 }

 // =============================================================
 // APPROVAL OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
 * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
 *
 * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
 * zero address clears previous approvals.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 *
 * Emits an {Approval} event.
 */
 function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override {
 address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);

 if (_msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
 if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
 revert ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
 }

 _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value = to;
 emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 */
 function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
 if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

 return _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
 * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
 * for any token owned by the caller.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
 *
 * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
 */
 function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
 _operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
 emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
 *
 * See {setApprovalForAll}.
 */
 function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
 *
 * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
 *
 * Tokens start existing when they are minted. See {_mint}.
 */
 function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
 return
 _startTokenId() <= tokenId &&
 tokenId < _currentIndex && // If within bounds,
 _packedOwnerships[tokenId] & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0; // and not burned.
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns whether `msgSender` is equal to `approvedAddress` or `owner`.
 */
 function _isSenderApprovedOrOwner(
 address approvedAddress,
 address owner,
 address msgSender
 ) private pure returns (bool result) {
 assembly {
 // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
 owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
 // Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
 msgSender := and(msgSender, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
 // `msgSender == owner || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
 result := or(eq(msgSender, owner), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
 */
 function _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(uint256 tokenId)
 private
 view
 returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
 {
 TokenApprovalRef storage tokenApproval = _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
 // The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value`.
 assembly {
 approvedAddressSlot := tokenApproval.slot
 approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
 }
 }

 // =============================================================
 // TRANSFER OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
 * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
 * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function transferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId
 ) public payable virtual override {
 uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

 if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from) revert TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

 (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

 // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
 if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
 if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

 if (to == address(0)) revert TransferToZeroAddress();

 _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

 // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
 assembly {
 if approvedAddress {
 // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
 sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
 }
 }

 // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
 // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
 // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
 unchecked {
 // We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
 --_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
 ++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.

 // Updates:
 // - `address` to the next owner.
 // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
 // - `burned` to `false`.
 // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
 _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
 to,
 _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
 );

 // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
 if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
 uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
 // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
 if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
 // If the next slot is within bounds.
 if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
 // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
 _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
 }
 }
 }
 }

 emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
 _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
 */
 function safeTransferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId
 ) public payable virtual override {
 safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
 }

 /**
 * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
 * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
 * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
 * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
 * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function safeTransferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId,
 bytes memory _data
 ) public payable virtual override {
 transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
 if (to.code.length != 0)
 if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
 revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token IDs
 * are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
 * And also called before burning one token.
 *
 * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
 * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
 *
 * Calling conditions:
 *
 * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
 * transferred to `to`.
 * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
 * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
 * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
 */
 function _beforeTokenTransfers(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 startTokenId,
 uint256 quantity
 ) internal virtual {}

 /**
 * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token IDs
 * have been transferred. This includes minting.
 * And also called after one token has been burned.
 *
 * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
 * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
 *
 * Calling conditions:
 *
 * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
 * transferred to `to`.
 * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
 * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
 * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
 */
 function _afterTokenTransfers(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 startTokenId,
 uint256 quantity
 ) internal virtual {}

 /**
 * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
 *
 * `from` - Previous owner of the given token ID.
 * `to` - Target address that will receive the token.
 * `tokenId` - Token ID to be transferred.
 * `_data` - Optional data to send along with the call.
 *
 * Returns whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value.
 */
 function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId,
 bytes memory _data
 ) private returns (bool) {
 try ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSenderERC721A(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (
 bytes4 retval
 ) {
 return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
 } catch (bytes memory reason) {
 if (reason.length == 0) {
 revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
 } else {
 assembly {
 revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
 }
 }
 }
 }

 // =============================================================
 // MINT OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
 */
 function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
 uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
 if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();

 _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

 // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
 // `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
 // `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
 unchecked {
 // Updates:
 // - `balance += quantity`.
 // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
 //
 // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
 _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

 // Updates:
 // - `address` to the owner.
 // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
 // - `burned` to `false`.
 // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
 _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
 to,
 _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
 );

 uint256 toMasked;
 uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;

 // Use assembly to loop and emit the `Transfer` event for gas savings.
 // The duplicated `log4` removes an extra check and reduces stack juggling.
 // The assembly, together with the surrounding Solidity code, have been
 // delicately arranged to nudge the compiler into producing optimized opcodes.
 assembly {
 // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
 toMasked := and(to, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
 // Emit the `Transfer` event.
 log4(
 0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
 0, // End of data (0, since no data).
 _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
 0, // `address(0)`.
 toMasked, // `to`.
 startTokenId // `tokenId`.
 )

 // The `iszero(eq(,))` check ensures that large values of `quantity`
 // that overflows uint256 will make the loop run out of gas.
 // The compiler will optimize the `iszero` away for performance.
 for {
 let tokenId := add(startTokenId, 1)
 } iszero(eq(tokenId, end)) {
 tokenId := add(tokenId, 1)
 } {
 // Emit the `Transfer` event. Similar to above.
 log4(0, 0, _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, toMasked, tokenId)
 }
 }
 if (toMasked == 0) revert MintToZeroAddress();

 _currentIndex = end;
 }
 _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
 *
 * This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
 *
 * It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
 * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
 * instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
 *
 * Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
 * non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
 * For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
 * {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
 *
 * Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
 */
 function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
 uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
 if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
 if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();
 if (quantity > _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT) revert MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

 _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

 // Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
 unchecked {
 // Updates:
 // - `balance += quantity`.
 // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
 //
 // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
 _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

 // Updates:
 // - `address` to the owner.
 // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
 // - `burned` to `false`.
 // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
 _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
 to,
 _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
 );

 emit ConsecutiveTransfer(startTokenId, startTokenId + quantity - 1, address(0), to);

 _currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
 }
 _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
 * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
 * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
 *
 * See {_mint}.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
 */
 function _safeMint(
 address to,
 uint256 quantity,
 bytes memory _data
 ) internal virtual {
 _mint(to, quantity);

 unchecked {
 if (to.code.length != 0) {
 uint256 end = _currentIndex;
 uint256 index = end - quantity;
 do {
 if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
 revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
 }
 } while (index < end);
 // Reentrancy protection.
 if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
 }
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
 */
 function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
 _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
 }

 // =============================================================
 // BURN OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
 */
 function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
 _burn(tokenId, false);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
 * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
 uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

 address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));

 (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

 if (approvalCheck) {
 // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
 if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
 if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
 }

 _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

 // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
 assembly {
 if approvedAddress {
 // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
 sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
 }
 }

 // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
 // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
 // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
 unchecked {
 // Updates:
 // - `balance -= 1`.
 // - `numberBurned += 1`.
 //
 // We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
 // This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
 _packedAddressData[from] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;

 // Updates:
 // - `address` to the last owner.
 // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
 // - `burned` to `true`.
 // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
 _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
 from,
 (_BITMASK_BURNED | _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) | _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
 );

 // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
 if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
 uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
 // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
 if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
 // If the next slot is within bounds.
 if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
 // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
 _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
 }
 }
 }
 }

 emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
 _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

 // Overflow not possible, as _burnCounter cannot be exceed _currentIndex times.
 unchecked {
 _burnCounter++;
 }
 }

 // =============================================================
 // EXTRA DATA OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
 */
 function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal virtual {
 uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
 if (packed == 0) revert OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
 uint256 extraDataCasted;
 // Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
 assembly {
 extraDataCasted := extraData
 }
 packed = (packed & _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) | (extraDataCasted << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
 _packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
 * Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
 *
 * `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
 *
 * Calling conditions:
 *
 * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
 * transferred to `to`.
 * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
 * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
 * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
 */
 function _extraData(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint24 previousExtraData
 ) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}

 /**
 * @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
 * The returned result is shifted into position.
 */
 function _nextExtraData(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
 ) private view returns (uint256) {
 uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
 return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
 }

 // =============================================================
 // OTHER OPERATIONS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
 *
 * If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
 */
 function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
 return msg.sender;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Converts a uint256 to its ASCII string decimal representation.
 */
 function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure virtual returns (string memory str) {
 assembly {
 // The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
 // we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
 // We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
 // and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 5 * 0x20 = 0xa0.
 let m := add(mload(0x40), 0xa0)
 // Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
 mstore(0x40, m)
 // Assign the `str` to the end.
 str := sub(m, 0x20)
 // Zeroize the slot after the string.
 mstore(str, 0)

 // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
 let end := str

 // We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
 // The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
 // prettier-ignore
 for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
 str := sub(str, 1)
 // Write the character to the pointer.
 // The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
 mstore8(str, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
 // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
 temp := div(temp, 10)
 // prettier-ignore
 if iszero(temp) { break }
 }

 let length := sub(end, str)
 // Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
 str := sub(str, 0x20)
 // Store the length.
 mstore(str, length)
 }
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/common/ERC2981.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/common/ERC2981.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../interfaces/IERC2981.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the NFT Royalty Standard, a standardized way to retrieve royalty payment information.
 *
 * Royalty information can be specified globally for all token ids via {_setDefaultRoyalty}, and/or individually for
 * specific token ids via {_setTokenRoyalty}. The latter takes precedence over the first.
 *
 * Royalty is specified as a fraction of sale price. {_feeDenominator} is overridable but defaults to 10000, meaning the
 * fee is specified in basis points by default.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: ERC-2981 only specifies a way to signal royalty information and does not enforce its payment. See
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2981#optional-royalty-payments[Rationale] in the EIP. Marketplaces are expected to
 * voluntarily pay royalties together with sales, but note that this standard is not yet widely supported.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
abstract contract ERC2981 is IERC2981, ERC165 {
 struct RoyaltyInfo {
 address receiver;
 uint96 royaltyFraction;
 }

 RoyaltyInfo private _defaultRoyaltyInfo;
 mapping(uint256 => RoyaltyInfo) private _tokenRoyaltyInfo;

 /**
 * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
 */
 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC165) returns (bool) {
 return interfaceId == type(IERC2981).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 }

 /**
 * @inheritdoc IERC2981
 */
 function royaltyInfo(uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _salePrice) public view virtual override returns (address, uint256) {
 RoyaltyInfo memory royalty = _tokenRoyaltyInfo[_tokenId];

 if (royalty.receiver == address(0)) {
 royalty = _defaultRoyaltyInfo;
 }

 uint256 royaltyAmount = (_salePrice * royalty.royaltyFraction) / _feeDenominator();

 return (royalty.receiver, royaltyAmount);
 }

 /**
 * @dev The denominator with which to interpret the fee set in {_setTokenRoyalty} and {_setDefaultRoyalty} as a
 * fraction of the sale price. Defaults to 10000 so fees are expressed in basis points, but may be customized by an
 * override.
 */
 function _feeDenominator() internal pure virtual returns (uint96) {
 return 10000;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Sets the royalty information that all ids in this contract will default to.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `receiver` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `feeNumerator` cannot be greater than the fee denominator.
 */
 function _setDefaultRoyalty(address receiver, uint96 feeNumerator) internal virtual {
 require(feeNumerator <= _feeDenominator(), "ERC2981: royalty fee will exceed salePrice");
 require(receiver != address(0), "ERC2981: invalid receiver");

 _defaultRoyaltyInfo = RoyaltyInfo(receiver, feeNumerator);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Removes default royalty information.
 */
 function _deleteDefaultRoyalty() internal virtual {
 delete _defaultRoyaltyInfo;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Sets the royalty information for a specific token id, overriding the global default.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `receiver` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `feeNumerator` cannot be greater than the fee denominator.
 */
 function _setTokenRoyalty(
 uint256 tokenId,
 address receiver,
 uint96 feeNumerator
 ) internal virtual {
 require(feeNumerator <= _feeDenominator(), "ERC2981: royalty fee will exceed salePrice");
 require(receiver != address(0), "ERC2981: Invalid parameters");

 _tokenRoyaltyInfo[tokenId] = RoyaltyInfo(receiver, feeNumerator);
 }

 /**
 * @dev Resets royalty information for the token id back to the global default.
 */
 function _resetTokenRoyalty(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
 delete _tokenRoyaltyInfo[tokenId];
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
 /**
 * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
 */
 event Paused(address account);

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
 */
 event Unpaused(address account);

 bool private _paused;

 /**
 * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
 */
 constructor() {
 _paused = false;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The contract must not be paused.
 */
 modifier whenNotPaused() {
 _requireNotPaused();
 _;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The contract must be paused.
 */
 modifier whenPaused() {
 _requirePaused();
 _;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
 */
 function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
 return _paused;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
 */
 function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
 require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
 }

 /**
 * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
 */
 function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
 require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
 }

 /**
 * @dev Triggers stopped state.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The contract must not be paused.
 */
 function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
 _paused = true;
 emit Paused(_msgSender());
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns to normal state.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The contract must be paused.
 */
 function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
 _paused = false;
 emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
 }
}

// File: operator-filter-registry/src/lib/Constants.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

address constant CANONICAL_OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY_ADDRESS = 0x000000000000AAeB6D7670E522A718067333cd4E;
address constant CANONICAL_CORI_SUBSCRIPTION = 0x3cc6CddA760b79bAfa08dF41ECFA224f810dCeB6;

// File: operator-filter-registry/src/OperatorFilterer.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {IOperatorFilterRegistry} from "./IOperatorFilterRegistry.sol";
import {CANONICAL_OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY_ADDRESS} from "./lib/Constants.sol";
/**
 * @title OperatorFilterer
 * @notice Abstract contract whose constructor automatically registers and optionally subscribes to or copies another
 * registrant's entries in the OperatorFilterRegistry.
 * @dev This smart contract is meant to be inherited by token contracts so they can use the following:
 * - `onlyAllowedOperator` modifier for `transferFrom` and `safeTransferFrom` methods.
 * - `onlyAllowedOperatorApproval` modifier for `approve` and `setApprovalForAll` methods.
 * Please note that if your token contract does not provide an owner with EIP-173, it must provide
 * administration methods on the contract itself to interact with the registry otherwise the subscription
 * will be locked to the options set during construction.
 */

abstract contract OperatorFilterer {
 /// @dev Emitted when an operator is not allowed.
 error OperatorNotAllowed(address operator);

 IOperatorFilterRegistry public constant OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY =
 IOperatorFilterRegistry(CANONICAL_OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY_ADDRESS);

 /// @dev The constructor that is called when the contract is being deployed.
 constructor(address subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy, bool subscribe) {
 // If an inheriting token contract is deployed to a network without the registry deployed, the modifier
 // will not revert, but the contract will need to be registered with the registry once it is deployed in
 // order for the modifier to filter addresses.
 if (address(OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY).code.length > 0) {
 if (subscribe) {
 OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY.registerAndSubscribe(address(this), subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy);
 } else {
 if (subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy != address(0)) {
 OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY.registerAndCopyEntries(address(this), subscriptionOrRegistrantToCopy);
 } else {
 OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY.register(address(this));
 }
 }
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev A helper function to check if an operator is allowed.
 */
 modifier onlyAllowedOperator(address from) virtual {
 // Allow spending tokens from addresses with balance
 // Note that this still allows listings and marketplaces with escrow to transfer tokens if transferred
 // from an EOA.
 if (from != msg.sender) {
 _checkFilterOperator(msg.sender);
 }
 _;
 }

 /**
 * @dev A helper function to check if an operator approval is allowed.
 */
 modifier onlyAllowedOperatorApproval(address operator) virtual {
 _checkFilterOperator(operator);
 _;
 }

 /**
 * @dev A helper function to check if an operator is allowed.
 */
 function _checkFilterOperator(address operator) internal view virtual {
 // Check registry code length to facilitate testing in environments without a deployed registry.
 if (address(OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY).code.length > 0) {
 // under normal circumstances, this function will revert rather than return false, but inheriting contracts
 // may specify their own OperatorFilterRegistry implementations, which may behave differently
 if (!OPERATOR_FILTER_REGISTRY.isOperatorAllowed(address(this), operator)) {
 revert OperatorNotAllowed(operator);
 }
 }
 }
}

// File: erc721a/contracts/IERC721A.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.2.3
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721A.
 */
interface IERC721A {
 /**
 * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
 */
 error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

 /**
 * The token does not exist.
 */
 error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

 /**
 * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
 */
 error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();

 /**
 * Cannot mint to the zero address.
 */
 error MintToZeroAddress();

 /**
 * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
 */
 error MintZeroQuantity();

 /**
 * The token does not exist.
 */
 error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();

 /**
 * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
 */
 error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

 /**
 * The token must be owned by `from`.
 */
 error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

 /**
 * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the
 * ERC721Receiver interface.
 */
 error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();

 /**
 * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
 */
 error TransferToZeroAddress();

 /**
 * The token does not exist.
 */
 error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

 /**
 * The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
 */
 error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

 /**
 * The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
 */
 error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();

 // =============================================================
 // STRUCTS
 // =============================================================

 struct TokenOwnership {
 // The address of the owner.
 address addr;
 // Stores the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
 uint64 startTimestamp;
 // Whether the token has been burned.
 bool burned;
 // Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set via {_extraData}.
 uint24 extraData;
 }

 // =============================================================
 // TOKEN COUNTERS
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
 * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
 * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
 */
 function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

 // =============================================================
 // IERC165
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
 * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
 * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
 * to learn more about how these ids are created.
 *
 * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
 */
 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);

 // =============================================================
 // IERC721
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
 */
 event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
 */
 event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables
 * (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
 */
 event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
 */
 function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 */
 function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

 /**
 * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`,
 * checking first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol
 * to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
 * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move
 * this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
 * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
 * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function safeTransferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId,
 bytes calldata data
 ) external payable;

 /**
 * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
 */
 function safeTransferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId
 ) external payable;

 /**
 * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
 *
 * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom}
 * whenever possible.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
 * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
 * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
 * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
 *
 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
 */
 function transferFrom(
 address from,
 address to,
 uint256 tokenId
 ) external payable;

 /**
 * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
 * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
 *
 * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
 * zero address clears previous approvals.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 *
 * Emits an {Approval} event.
 */
 function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external payable;

 /**
 * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
 * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
 * for any token owned by the caller.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
 *
 * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
 */
 function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

 /**
 * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
 *
 * Requirements:
 *
 * - `tokenId` must exist.
 */
 function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

 /**
 * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
 *
 * See {setApprovalForAll}.
 */
 function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

 // =============================================================
 // IERC721Metadata
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Returns the token collection name.
 */
 function name() external view returns (string memory);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
 */
 function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

 /**
 * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
 */
 function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

 // =============================================================
 // IERC2309
 // =============================================================

 /**
 * @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId`
 * (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`, as defined in the
 * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309) standard.
 *
 * See {_mintERC2309} for more details.
 */
 event ConsecutiveTransfer(uint256 indexed fromTokenId, uint256 toTokenId, address indexed from, address indexed to);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
 enum Rounding {
 Down, // Toward negative infinity
 Up, // Toward infinity
 Zero // Toward zero
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
 */
 function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 return a > b ? a : b;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
 */
 function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 return a < b ? a : b;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
 * zero.
 */
 function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
 return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
 *
 * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
 * of rounding down.
 */
 function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
 return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
 }

 /**
 * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
 * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
 * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
 */
 function mulDiv(
 uint256 x,
 uint256 y,
 uint256 denominator
 ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
 unchecked {
 // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
 // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
 // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
 uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
 uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
 assembly {
 let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
 prod0 := mul(x, y)
 prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
 }

 // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
 if (prod1 == 0) {
 return prod0 / denominator;
 }

 // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
 require(denominator > prod1);

 ///////////////////////////////////////////////
 // 512 by 256 division.
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////

 // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
 uint256 remainder;
 assembly {
 // Compute remainder using mulmod.
 remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

 // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
 prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
 prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
 }

 // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
 // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

 // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
 uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
 assembly {
 // Divide denominator by twos.
 denominator := div(denominator, twos)

 // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
 prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

 // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
 twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
 }

 // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
 prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

 // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
 // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
 // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
 uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

 // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
 // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
 inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

 // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
 // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
 // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
 // is no longer required.
 result = prod0 * inverse;
 return result;
 }
 }

 /**
 * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
 */
 function mulDiv(
 uint256 x,
 uint256 y,
 uint256 denominator,
 Rounding rounding
 ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
 if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
 result += 1;
 }
 return result;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
 *
 * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
 */
 function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 if (a == 0) {
 return 0;
 }

 // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
 //
 // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
 // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
 //
 // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
 // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
 // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
 //
 // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
 uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

 // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
 // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
 // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
 // into the expected uint128 result.
 unchecked {
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
 return min(result, a / result);
 }
 }

 /**
 * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
 */
 function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 unchecked {
 uint256 result = sqrt(a);
 return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 */
 function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 uint256 result = 0;
 unchecked {
 if (value >> 128 > 0) {
 value >>= 128;
 result += 128;
 }
 if (value >> 64 > 0) {
 value >>= 64;
 result += 64;
 }
 if (value >> 32 > 0) {
 value >>= 32;
 result += 32;
 }
 if (value >> 16 > 0) {
 value >>= 16;
 result += 16;
 }
 if (value >> 8 > 0) {
 value >>= 8;
 result += 8;
 }
 if (value >> 4 > 0) {
 value >>= 4;
 result += 4;
 }
 if (value >> 2 > 0) {
 value >>= 2;
 result += 2;
 }
 if (value >> 1 > 0) {
 result += 1;
 }
 }
 return result;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 */
 function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 unchecked {
 uint256 result = log2(value);
 return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 */
 function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 uint256 result = 0;
 unchecked {
 if (value >= 10**64) {
 value /= 10**64;
 result += 64;
 }
 if (value >= 10**32) {
 value /= 10**32;
 result += 32;
 }
 if (value >= 10**16) {
 value /= 10**16;
 result += 16;
 }
 if (value >= 10**8) {
 value /= 10**8;
 result += 8;
 }
 if (value >= 10**4) {
 value /= 10**4;
 result += 4;
 }
 if (value >= 10**2) {
 value /= 10**2;
 result += 2;
 }
 if (value >= 10**1) {
 result += 1;
 }
 }
 return result;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 */
 function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 unchecked {
 uint256 result = log10(value);
 return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
 }
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 *
 * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
 */
 function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 uint256 result = 0;
 unchecked {
 if (value >> 128 > 0) {
 value >>= 128;
 result += 16;
 }
 if (value >> 64 > 0) {
 value >>= 64;
 result += 8;
 }
 if (value >> 32 > 0) {
 value >>= 32;
 result += 4;
 }
 if (value >> 16 > 0) {
 value >>= 16;
 result += 2;
 }
 if (value >> 8 > 0) {
 result += 1;
 }
 }
 return result;
 }

 /**
 * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
 * Returns 0 if given 0.
 */
 function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
 unchecked {
 uint256 result = log256(value);
 return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
 }
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 * return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
 /**
 * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
 */
 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
 }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC2981.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (interfaces/IERC2981.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the NFT Royalty Standard.
 *
 * A standardized way to retrieve royalty payment information for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to enable universal
 * support for royalty payments across all NFT marketplaces and ecosystem participants.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
interface IERC2981 is IERC165 {
 /**
 * @dev Returns how much royalty is owed and to whom, based on a sale price that may be denominated in any unit of
 * exchange. The royalty amount is denominated and should be paid in that same unit of exchange.
 */
 function royaltyInfo(uint256 tokenId, uint256 salePrice)
 external
 view
 returns (address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
 function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
 return msg.sender;
 }

 function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
 return msg.data;
 }
}

// File: operator-filter-registry/src/IOperatorFilterRegistry.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface IOperatorFilterRegistry {
 /**
 * @notice Returns true if operator is not filtered for a given token, either by address or codeHash. Also returns
 * true if supplied registrant address is not registered.
 */
 function isOperatorAllowed(address registrant, address operator) external view returns (bool);

 /**
 * @notice Registers an address with the registry. May be called by address itself or by EIP-173 owner.
 */
 function register(address registrant) external;

 /**
 * @notice Registers an address with the registry and "subscribes" to another address's filtered operators and codeHashes.
 */
 function registerAndSubscribe(address registrant, address subscription) external;

 /**
 * @notice Registers an address with the registry and copies the filtered operators and codeHashes from another
 * address without subscribing.
 */
 function registerAndCopyEntries(address registrant, address registrantToCopy) external;

 /**
 * @notice Unregisters an address with the registry and removes its subscription. May be called by address itself or by EIP-173 owner.
 * Note that this does not remove any filtered addresses or codeHashes.
 * Also note that any subscriptions to this registrant will still be active and follow the existing filtered addresses and codehashes.
 */
 function unregister(address addr) external;

 /**
 * @notice Update an operator address for a registered address - when filtered is true, the operator is filtered.
 */
 function updateOperator(address registrant, address operator, bool filtered) external;

 /**
 * @notice Update multiple operators for a registered address - when filtered is true, the operators will be filtered. Reverts on duplicates.
 */
 function updateOperators(address registrant, address[] calldata operators, bool filtered) external;

 /**
 * @notice Update a codeHash for a registered address - when filtered is true, the codeHash is filtered.
 */
 function updateCodeHash(address registrant, bytes32 codehash, bool filtered) external;

 /**
 * @notice Update multiple codeHashes for a registered address - when filtered is true, the codeHashes will be filtered. Reverts on duplicates.
 */
 function updateCodeHashes(address registrant, bytes32[] calldata codeHashes, bool filtered) external;

 /**
 * @notice Subscribe an address to another registrant's filtered operators and codeHashes. Will remove previous
 * subscription if present.
 * Note that accounts with subscriptions may go on to subscribe to other accounts - in this case,
 * subscriptions will not be forwarded. Instead the former subscription's existing entries will still be
 * used.
 */
 function subscribe(address registrant, address registrantToSubscribe) external;

 /**
 * @notice Unsubscribe an address from its current subscribed registrant, and optionally copy its filtered operators and codeHashes.
 */
 function unsubscribe(address registrant, bool copyExistingEntries) external;

 /**
 * @notice Get the subscription address of a given registrant, if any.
 */
 function subscriptionOf(address addr) external returns (address registrant);

 /**
 * @notice Get the set of addresses subscribed to a given registrant.
 * Note that order is not guaranteed as updates are made.
 */
 function subscribers(address registrant) external returns (address[] memory);

 /**
 * @notice Get the subscriber at a given index in the set of addresses subscribed to a given registrant.
 * Note that order is not guaranteed as updates are made.
 */
 function subscriberAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (address);

 /**
 * @notice Copy filtered operators and codeHashes from a different registrantToCopy to addr.
 */
 function copyEntriesOf(address registrant, address registrantToCopy) external;

 /**
 * @notice Returns true if operator is filtered by a given address or its subscription.
 */
 function isOperatorFiltered(address registrant, address operator) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @notice Returns true if the hash of an address's code is filtered by a given address or its subscription.
 */
 function isCodeHashOfFiltered(address registrant, address operatorWithCode) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @notice Returns true if a codeHash is filtered by a given address or its subscription.
 */
 function isCodeHashFiltered(address registrant, bytes32 codeHash) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @notice Returns a list of filtered operators for a given address or its subscription.
 */
 function filteredOperators(address addr) external returns (address[] memory);

 /**
 * @notice Returns the set of filtered codeHashes for a given address or its subscription.
 * Note that order is not guaranteed as updates are made.
 */
 function filteredCodeHashes(address addr) external returns (bytes32[] memory);

 /**
 * @notice Returns the filtered operator at the given index of the set of filtered operators for a given address or
 * its subscription.
 * Note that order is not guaranteed as updates are made.
 */
 function filteredOperatorAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (address);

 /**
 * @notice Returns the filtered codeHash at the given index of the list of filtered codeHashes for a given address or
 * its subscription.
 * Note that order is not guaranteed as updates are made.
 */
 function filteredCodeHashAt(address registrant, uint256 index) external returns (bytes32);

 /**
 * @notice Returns true if an address has registered
 */
 function isRegistered(address addr) external returns (bool);

 /**
 * @dev Convenience method to compute the code hash of an arbitrary contract
 */
 function codeHashOf(address addr) external returns (bytes32);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
 /**
 * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
 * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
 * to learn more about how these ids are created.
 *
 * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
 */
 function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}