// File: contracts/erc721/RFOXNFTWhitelistBotPrevention.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "./lib/RFOXNFTSignaturePresale.sol";
import "./structs/ParamStructs.sol";

contract RFOXNFTWhitelistBotPrevention is RFOXNFTSignaturePresale {
    /**
     * @dev Initialization of the RFOX NFT with presale / whitelist mechanism.
     * Can only be called by the factory.
     *
     * Features:
     * Public sale.
     * Presale / whitelisted address.
     * Bot Prevention.
     *
     * @param params Struct for whitelist parameters.
     */
    function initialize(ParamStructs.WhitelistParams calldata params) external {
        require(msg.sender == address(factory), "Forbidden");
        require(
            params.publicSaleStartTime >= params.saleStartTime,
            "Invalid public sale time"
        );

        publicSaleStartTime = params.publicSaleStartTime;
        isWhitelistActivated = true;
        maxMintedPresalePerAddress = params.maxMintedPresalePerAddress;
        TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE = params.pricePresale;

        initializeBase(
            params.name,
            params.symbol,
            params.baseURI,
            params.saleToken,
            params.price,
            params.maxNft,
            params.maxTokensPerTransaction,
            params.saleStartTime,
            params.saleEndTime,
            params.owner
        );
    }
}

// File: contracts/erc721/lib/RFOXNFTSignaturePresale.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "./RFOXNFTSignatureSale.sol";
import "./base/BaseRFOXNFTPresale.sol";

contract RFOXNFTSignaturePresale is RFOXNFTSignatureSale, BaseRFOXNFTPresale
{
    /**
     * @dev Overwrite the authorizePublicSale modifier from the base RFOX NFT contract.
     * In the standard sale contract, the saleStartTime is the starting time of the public sale.
     * In the presale contract, the saleStartTime will be considered as the starting time of the presale.
     * and the publicSaleStartTime will be the starting time of the public sale.
     */
    modifier authorizePublicSale() override {
        require(
            block.timestamp >= publicSaleStartTime,
            "Sale has not been started"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Each whitelisted address has quota to mint for the presale.
     * There is limit amount of token that can be minted during the presale.
     * This function has additional feature to prevent the spam minting by bot.
     *
     * @param tokensNumber How many NFTs for buying this round.
     * @param proof The bytes32 array from the offchain whitelist address.
     * @param salt The random number (unique per address) to be used for the signature verification.
     * @param signature The signature of the authorized signer address.
     */
    function buyNFTsPresale(uint256 tokensNumber, bytes32[] calldata proof, uint256 salt, bytes calldata signature)
        external
        payable
        whenNotPaused
        callerIsUser
        authorizePresale(proof)
        checkUsedSignature(signature)
    {
        require(_isValidSignature(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender,address(this),salt)), signature), "Invalid signature");

        usedSignature[signature] = true;

        _buyNFTsPresale(tokensNumber);
    }
}

// File: contracts/erc721/structs/ParamStructs.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

library ParamStructs {
  /**
    * @dev Parameters for Standard Feature.
    *
    * @param name NFT name.
    * @param symbol NFT symbol.
    * @param baseURI NFT base uri.
    * @param saleToken Purchase medium. Zero address will be considered as native token.
    * @param price Price per token.
    * @param maxNft Max total supply of NFT.
    * @param maxTokensPerTransaction Max NFT per transaction.
    * @param saleStartTime Starting time of the presale (whitelisted address).
    * @param saleEndTime End time of the public sale.
    * @param ownership The owner of the token.
  */
  struct StandardParams {
    string name;
    string symbol;
    string baseURI;
    IERC20 saleToken;
    uint256 price;
    uint256 maxNft;
    uint256 maxTokensPerTransaction;
    uint256 saleStartTime;
    uint256 saleEndTime;
    address owner;
  }

  /**
    * @dev Parameters for Whitelist / Presale Feature.
    *
    * @param name NFT name.
    * @param symbol NFT symbol.
    * @param baseURI NFT base uri.
    * @param saleToken Purchase medium. Zero address will be considered as native token.
    * @param price Price per token.
    * @param maxNft Max total supply of NFT.
    * @param maxTokensPerTransaction Max NFT per transaction.
    * @param saleStartTime Starting time of the presale (whitelisted address).
    * @param saleEndTime End time of the public sale.
    * @param publicSaleStartTime Starting time of the public sale
    * @param maxMintedPresalePerAddress Maximum mint per whitelisted address during presale.
    * @param pricePresale Price for minting during presale.
    * @param ownership The owner of the token.
  */
  struct WhitelistParams {
    string name;
    string symbol;
    string baseURI;
    IERC20 saleToken;
    uint256 price;
    uint256 maxNft;
    uint256 maxTokensPerTransaction;
    uint256 saleStartTime;
    uint256 saleEndTime;
    uint256 publicSaleStartTime;
    uint256 maxMintedPresalePerAddress;
    uint256 pricePresale;
    address owner;
  }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Trees proofs.
 *
 * The proofs can be generated using the JavaScript library
 * https://github.com/miguelmota/merkletreejs[merkletreejs].
 * Note: the hashing algorithm should be keccak256 and pair sorting should be enabled.
 *
 * See `test/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.test.js` for some examples.
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32 leaf
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merklee tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            bytes32 proofElement = proof[i];
            if (computedHash <= proofElement) {
                // Hash(current computed hash + current element of the proof)
                computedHash = _efficientHash(computedHash, proofElement);
            } else {
                // Hash(current element of the proof + current computed hash)
                computedHash = _efficientHash(proofElement, computedHash);
            }
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/erc721/lib/RFOXNFTSignatureSale.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import "./base/BaseRFOXNFT.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is the extension contract of the base RFOX NFT.
 * This contract can be used to prevent the spam minting by bot.
 */
contract RFOXNFTSignatureSale is BaseRFOXNFT {
  using ECDSA for bytes32;

  address public authorizedSignerAddress;
  mapping(bytes => bool) usedSignature;

  event AuthorizedSignerAddress(address indexed sender, address oldAddress, address newAddress);

  modifier checkUsedSignature(bytes calldata signature) {
    require(!usedSignature[signature], "Signature has been used");
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Verify hashed data.
   * param hash Hashed data bundle
   * @param signature Signature to check hash against
   * @return bool Is signature valid or not
   */
  function _isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal view returns (bool) {
    require(authorizedSignerAddress != address(0), "Invalid signer addr");
    bytes32 signedHash = hash.toEthSignedMessageHash();
    return signedHash.recover(signature) == authorizedSignerAddress;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Update the authorized signer address.
   *
   * @param signerAddress new authorized signer address.
   */
  function changeAuthorizedSignerAddress(address signerAddress) external onlyOwner {
    require(signerAddress != address(0), "ERR_ZERO_ADDRESS");
    address oldSignerAddress = authorizedSignerAddress;
    authorizedSignerAddress = signerAddress;
    emit AuthorizedSignerAddress(msg.sender, oldSignerAddress, signerAddress);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Public sale which required the signature of the authorized signer.
   *
   * @param tokensNumber How many NFTs for buying this round.
   * @param salt The random number (unique per address) to be used for the signature verification.
   * @param signature The signature of the authorized signer address.
   */
  function buyNFTsPublic(uint256 tokensNumber, uint256 salt, bytes calldata signature) external payable whenNotPaused callerIsUser authorizePublicSale maxPurchasePerTx(tokensNumber) checkUsedSignature(signature) {
    require(_isValidSignature(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender,address(this),salt)), signature), "Invalid signature");

    usedSignature[signature] = true;

    _buyNFTs(tokensNumber);
  }
}

// File: contracts/erc721/lib/base/BaseRFOXNFTPresale.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "./BaseRFOXNFT.sol";

/**
 * @dev The extension of the BaseRFOX standard.
 * This is the base contract for the presale / whitelist mechanism.
 */
contract BaseRFOXNFTPresale is BaseRFOXNFT
{
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // How many NFTs can be minted per address during presale
    uint256 public maxMintedPresalePerAddress;

    // Timestamp of selling started for public
    uint256 public publicSaleStartTime;

    // Price for presale minting
    uint256 public TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE;

    // Flag for total NFT minted during presale
    mapping(address => uint256) totalPresaleMintedPerAddress;

    // Merkle root for whitelist proof
    bytes32 public merkleRoot;

    // The flag for whitelist activation
    bool public isWhitelistActivated;

    event MaxMintedPresalePerAddress(address indexed sender, uint256 oldMaxMintedPresalePerAddress, uint256 newMaxMintedPresalePerAddress);
    event ActivateWhitelist(address indexed sender);
    event DeactivateWhitelist(address indexed sender);
    event UpdateMerkleRoot(
        address indexed sender,
        bytes32 oldMerkleRoot,
        bytes32 newMerkleRoot
    );
    event UpdateTokenPricePresale(
        address indexed sender,
        uint256 oldTokenPrice,
        uint256 newTokenPrice
    );

    /**
     * @dev Check if the whitelist feature is activated.
     */
    modifier whenWhitelistActivated() {
        require(isWhitelistActivated, "Whitelist is not active");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check if the whitelist feature is disabled.
     */
    modifier whenWhitelistDeactivated() {
        require(!isWhitelistActivated, "Whitelist is active");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev The rules are:
     * 1. If whitelist activated:
            - Only whitelisted address can mint the NFT after the saleEndTime (presale start time).
     * 2. If whitelist is not activated:
            - If users is not whitelisted & whitelisted, they can only mint after the publicSaleStartTime and before the saleEndTime.
     *
     * @param proof Array of the merkle tree proof, to check if the sender is whitelisted or not.
     */
    modifier authorizePresale(bytes32[] calldata proof) {
        if (isWhitelistActivated) {
            require(
                (checkWhitelisted(msg.sender, proof) && block.timestamp >= saleStartTime),
                "Unauthorized to join the presale"
            );
        } else {
            require(
                block.timestamp >= publicSaleStartTime,
                "Sale has not been started"
            );
        }

        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Base function to process the presale transaction submitted by the whitelisted address.
     * Each whitelisted address has quota to mint for the presale.
     * There is limit amount of token that can be minted during the presale.
     *
     * @param tokensNumber How many NFTs for buying this round
     */

    /// @param tokensNumber How many NFTs for buying this round
    function _buyNFTsPresale(uint256 tokensNumber) internal tokenInSupply(tokensNumber) {
        require(totalPresaleMintedPerAddress[msg.sender].add(tokensNumber) <= maxMintedPresalePerAddress, "Exceed the limit");
        totalPresaleMintedPerAddress[msg.sender] = totalPresaleMintedPerAddress[msg.sender].add(tokensNumber);
        
        if (saleEndTime > 0)
            require(block.timestamp <= saleEndTime, "Sale has been finished");

        if (address(saleToken) == address(0)) {
            require(
                msg.value == TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE.mul(tokensNumber),
                "Invalid eth for purchasing"
            );
        } else {
            require(msg.value == 0, "ETH_NOT_ALLOWED");

            saleToken.safeTransferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE.mul(tokensNumber)
            );
        }

        _safeMint(msg.sender, tokensNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev setting whitelist purposes
     *
     * @param _maxMintedPresalePerAddress how many token can be minted per address during the presale
     */
    function updateMaxMintedPresalePerAddress(uint256 _maxMintedPresalePerAddress) external onlyOwner {
        require(_maxMintedPresalePerAddress <= MAX_NFT, "Invalid max mint per address");
        uint256 oldMaxMintedPresalePerAddress = maxMintedPresalePerAddress;
        maxMintedPresalePerAddress = _maxMintedPresalePerAddress;

        emit MaxMintedPresalePerAddress(msg.sender, oldMaxMintedPresalePerAddress, maxMintedPresalePerAddress);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Activate whitelist feature
     */
    function activateWhitelist() external onlyOwner whenWhitelistDeactivated {
        isWhitelistActivated = true;
        emit ActivateWhitelist(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deactivate whitelist feature
     */
    function deactivateWhitelist() external onlyOwner whenWhitelistActivated {
        isWhitelistActivated = false;
        emit DeactivateWhitelist(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Update the merkle root for the whitelist tree.
     * If the whitelist changed, then need to update the hash root.
     *
     * @param _merkleRoot new hash of the root.
     */
    function updateMerkleRoot(bytes32 _merkleRoot) external onlyOwner {
        bytes32 oldMerkleRoot = merkleRoot;
        merkleRoot = _merkleRoot;
        emit UpdateMerkleRoot(msg.sender, oldMerkleRoot, merkleRoot);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the hash of the address.
     *
     * @param account The address to be checked.
     *
     * @return The hash of the address
     */
    function _leaf(address account) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(account));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check if the particular address is whitelisted or not.
     *
     * @param account The address to be checked. 
     * @param proof The bytes32 array from the offchain whitelist address.
     *
     * @return true / false.
     */
    function checkWhitelisted(address account, bytes32[] memory proof)
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes32 leaf = _leaf(account);
        return MerkleProof.verify(proof, merkleRoot, leaf);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Update the token price.
     *
     * @param newTokenPricePresale The new token price during presale.
     */
    function setTokenPricePresale(uint256 newTokenPricePresale) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 oldTokenPricePresale = TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE;
        TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE = newTokenPricePresale;
        emit UpdateTokenPricePresale(msg.sender, oldTokenPricePresale, TOKEN_PRICE_PRESALE);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // Check the signature length
        // - case 65: r,s,v signature (standard)
        // - case 64: r,vs signature (cf https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) _Available since v4.1._
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else if (signature.length == 64) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 vs;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                vs := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }
        if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}

// File: contracts/erc721/lib/base/BaseRFOXNFT.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol";
import "../../../interfaces/IRFOXFactory.sol";

/**
 * @dev Base Contract of RFOX NFT, which extend ERC721A
 * @dev All function stated here will become the global function which can be used by any version of RFOX NFT
 */
contract BaseRFOXNFT is
    ERC721A,
    Pausable,
    Ownable
{
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // Override token name
    string private _name;
    // Override token symbol
    string private _symbol;
    // Override the base token URI
    string private _baseURIPrefix;
    // How many NFTs can buy per transaction
    uint256 public maxTokensPerTransaction;
    // NFTs Price
    uint256 public TOKEN_PRICE;
    // Max total supply of NFTs
    uint256 public MAX_NFT;
    // NFTs sale's currency
    IERC20 public saleToken;
    // NFT Factory
    IRFOXFactory public factory;
    // NFTs can not min exceed MAX_NFT

    // Timestamp of selling started for whitelisted addresses
    uint256 public saleStartTime;

    // Timestamp of selling ended for both public & whitelisted addresses
    uint256 public saleEndTime;

    event UpdateTokenPrice(
        address indexed sender,
        uint256 oldTokenPrice,
        uint256 newTokenPrice
    );
    event UpdateURI(address indexed sender, string oldURI, string newURI);
    event Withdraw(
        address indexed sender,
        address saleToken,
        uint256 totalWithdrawn
    );
    event MaxTokensPerTransaction(
        address indexed sender,
        uint256 oldValue,
        uint256 newValue
    );

    /**
     * @dev Check if the caller is an EOA, will revert if called by contract.
     */
    modifier callerIsUser() {
        require(tx.origin == msg.sender, "Caller must be EOA");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check if the total mint target will exceed the total suply of NFT.
     *
     * @param totalMintTarget total token that will be minted.
     */
    modifier tokenInSupply(uint256 totalMintTarget) {
        require(totalSupply().add(totalMintTarget) <= MAX_NFT,
            "Exceeded Max NFTs"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check if total mint NFT exceed the limit or not.
     *
     * @param tokensNumber total token that will be minted.
     */
    modifier maxPurchasePerTx(uint256 tokensNumber) {
      require(
        tokensNumber <= maxTokensPerTransaction,
        "Max purchase per one transaction exceeded"
      );
      _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check if the public sale is opened or not.
     * This modifier will can be overwritten.
     * In this case, it's overwritten in the presale contract,
     * since the starting time between public & presale is different.
     */
    modifier authorizePublicSale() virtual {
        require(
            block.timestamp >= saleStartTime,
            "Sale has not been started"
        );
        _;
    }

    constructor() ERC721A("", "") {
        factory = IRFOXFactory(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Initialize function to setup initial value of several settings.
     *
     * @param name_ NFT Name.
     * @param symbol_ NFT Symbol.
     * @param baseURI_ NFT Base URI.
     * @param token Token address for the payment, Zero address will be considered as the native token (ETH, BNB, MATIC, etc).
     * @param price Price per token for the payment.
     * @param maxNft Max total supply of the NFT
     * @param maxTokensPerTransaction_ Max total token per purchased.
     * @param saleStartTime_ In the standard sale, this is the starting time of public sale. In the whitelist / presale, this is the starting time of the private sale.
     * @param saleEndTime_ The end time of the sale (public and presale). Can be 0 if we don't want to have expiration time.
     * @param ownership The owner of the NFT.
     */
    function initializeBase(
        string memory name_,
        string memory symbol_,
        string memory baseURI_,
        IERC20 token,
        uint256 price,
        uint256 maxNft,
        uint256 maxTokensPerTransaction_, /// Max NFT per transaction
        uint256 saleStartTime_,
        uint256 saleEndTime_,
        address ownership
    ) internal {
        require(saleStartTime_ > 0, "Invalid start time");
        require(maxTokensPerTransaction_ > 0, "Max tokens per tx cannot be 0");

        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _baseURIPrefix = baseURI_;
        saleToken = token;
        TOKEN_PRICE = price;
        MAX_NFT = maxNft;
        maxTokensPerTransaction = maxTokensPerTransaction_;
        saleStartTime = saleStartTime_;
        saleEndTime = saleEndTime_;
        transferOwnership(ownership);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the NFT name.
     *
     * @return NFT name.
     */
    function name() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the NFT symbol.
     *
     * @return NFT symbol
     */
    function symbol() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Only owner can migrate base URI
     *
     * @param newBaseURIPrefix string prefix of start URI
     */
    
    function setBaseURI(string memory newBaseURIPrefix) external onlyOwner {
        string memory _oldUri = _baseURIPrefix;
        _baseURIPrefix = newBaseURIPrefix;
        emit UpdateURI(msg.sender, _oldUri, _baseURIPrefix);
    }

    function _baseURI() internal view override returns (string memory) {
        return _baseURIPrefix;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Getter for the base URI.
     *
     * @return Base URI of the NFT.
     */
    function baseURI() external view returns (string memory) {
        return _baseURI();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Update the value for max purchased token per tx.
     *
     * @param newMaxTokensPerTransaction new max token per purchased.
     */
    function setMaxTokensPerTransaction(uint256 newMaxTokensPerTransaction)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(newMaxTokensPerTransaction > 0, "INVALID_ZERO_VALUE");
        uint256 _oldMaxTokensPerTransaction = maxTokensPerTransaction;
        maxTokensPerTransaction = newMaxTokensPerTransaction;

        emit MaxTokensPerTransaction(
            msg.sender,
            _oldMaxTokensPerTransaction,
            maxTokensPerTransaction
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Owner can safe mint to address.
     * Limited to only 1 token per minting.
     *
     * @param to Receiver address.
     */
    
    /// @param to Address of receiver
    function safeMint(address to) external onlyOwner tokenInSupply(1) {
        _safeMint(to, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Owner can pause the contract in emergency
     */
    
    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Owner can unpause the contract in emergency
     */
    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @dev getter for the spesific token's URI -- ID of NFTs.
     *
     * @param tokenId NFT ID.
     *
     * @return Return the token URL link.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721A)
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Owner withdraw revenue from Sales
     */
    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        uint256 balance;
        if (address(saleToken) == address(0)) {
            balance = address(this).balance;
            (bool succeed,) = msg.sender.call{value: balance}(
                ""
            );
            require(succeed, "Failed to withdraw Ether");
        } else {
            balance = saleToken.balanceOf(address(this));
            saleToken.safeTransfer(msg.sender, balance);
        }

        emit Withdraw(msg.sender, address(saleToken), balance);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The base function for purchasing.
     * Check if the token still in supply.
     * Check the end of sale time.
     *
     * @notice Every contract that implement this function responsible to check the starting sale time
     * and any other conditional check.
     *
     * @param tokensNumber total purchased token.
     */
    function _buyNFTs(uint256 tokensNumber) internal tokenInSupply(tokensNumber) {
        if (saleEndTime > 0)
            require(block.timestamp <= saleEndTime, "Sale has been finished");

        if (address(saleToken) == address(0)) {
            require(
                msg.value == TOKEN_PRICE.mul(tokensNumber),
                "Invalid eth for purchasing"
            );
        } else {
            require(msg.value == 0, "ETH_NOT_ALLOWED");

            saleToken.safeTransferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                TOKEN_PRICE.mul(tokensNumber)
            );
        }

        _safeMint(msg.sender, tokensNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Update the token price.
     *
     * @param newTokenPrice The new token price.
     */
    function setTokenPrice(uint256 newTokenPrice) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 oldTokenPrice = TOKEN_PRICE;
        TOKEN_PRICE = newTokenPrice;
        emit UpdateTokenPrice(msg.sender, oldTokenPrice, TOKEN_PRICE);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/math/SafeMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// CAUTION
// This version of SafeMath should only be used with Solidity 0.8 or later,
// because it relies on the compiler's built in overflow checks.

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations.
 *
 * NOTE: `SafeMath` is generally not needed starting with Solidity 0.8, since the compiler
 * now has built in overflow checking.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the substraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a * b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a / b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a % b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b <= a, errorMessage);
            return a - b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a / b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a % b;
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol';

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata and Enumerable extension. Built to optimize for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Assumes serials are sequentially minted starting at 0 (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3..).
 *
 * Does not support burning tokens to address(0).
 *
 * Assumes that an owner cannot have more than the 2**128 - 1 (max value of uint128) of supply
 */
contract ERC721A is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, IERC721Enumerable {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    struct TokenOwnership {
        address addr;
        uint64 startTimestamp;
    }

    struct AddressData {
        uint128 balance;
        uint128 numberMinted;
    }

    uint256 internal currentIndex;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
    // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned. See ownershipOf implementation for details.
    mapping(uint256 => TokenOwnership) internal _ownerships;

    // Mapping owner address to address data
    mapping(address => AddressData) private _addressData;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return currentIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < totalSupply(), 'ERC721A: global index out of bounds');
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     * This read function is O(totalSupply). If calling from a separate contract, be sure to test gas first.
     * It may also degrade with extremely large collection sizes (e.g >> 10000), test for your use case.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < balanceOf(owner), 'ERC721A: owner index out of bounds');
        uint256 numMintedSoFar = totalSupply();
        uint256 tokenIdsIdx;
        address currOwnershipAddr;

        // Counter overflow is impossible as the loop breaks when uint256 i is equal to another uint256 numMintedSoFar.
        unchecked {
            for (uint256 i; i < numMintedSoFar; i++) {
                TokenOwnership memory ownership = _ownerships[i];
                if (ownership.addr != address(0)) {
                    currOwnershipAddr = ownership.addr;
                }
                if (currOwnershipAddr == owner) {
                    if (tokenIdsIdx == index) {
                        return i;
                    }
                    tokenIdsIdx++;
                }
            }
        }

        revert('ERC721A: unable to get token of owner by index');
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), 'ERC721A: balance query for the zero address');
        return uint256(_addressData[owner].balance);
    }

    function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), 'ERC721A: number minted query for the zero address');
        return uint256(_addressData[owner].numberMinted);
    }

    /**
     * Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
     * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around in the collection over time.
     */
    function ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), 'ERC721A: owner query for nonexistent token');

        unchecked {
            for (uint256 curr = tokenId; curr >= 0; curr--) {
                TokenOwnership memory ownership = _ownerships[curr];
                if (ownership.addr != address(0)) {
                    return ownership;
                }
            }
        }

        revert('ERC721A: unable to determine the owner of token');
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
        return ownershipOf(tokenId).addr;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), 'ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token');

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overriden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public override {
        address owner = ERC721A.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, 'ERC721A: approval to current owner');

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            'ERC721A: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all'
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId, owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
        require(_exists(tokenId), 'ERC721A: approved query for nonexistent token');

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public override {
        require(operator != _msgSender(), 'ERC721A: approve to caller');

        _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public override {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data),
            'ERC721A: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer'
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (bool) {
        return tokenId < currentIndex;
    }

    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
        _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal {
        _mint(to, quantity, _data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data,
        bool safe
    ) internal {
        uint256 startTokenId = currentIndex;
        require(to != address(0), 'ERC721A: mint to the zero address');
        require(quantity != 0, 'ERC721A: quantity must be greater than 0');

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // balance or numberMinted overflow if current value of either + quantity > 3.4e38 (2**128) - 1
        // updatedIndex overflows if currentIndex + quantity > 1.56e77 (2**256) - 1
        unchecked {
            _addressData[to].balance += uint128(quantity);
            _addressData[to].numberMinted += uint128(quantity);

            _ownerships[startTokenId].addr = to;
            _ownerships[startTokenId].startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);

            uint256 updatedIndex = startTokenId;

            for (uint256 i; i < quantity; i++) {
                emit Transfer(address(0), to, updatedIndex);
                if (safe) {
                    require(
                        _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, updatedIndex, _data),
                        'ERC721A: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer'
                    );
                }

                updatedIndex++;
            }

            currentIndex = updatedIndex;
        }

        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) private {
        TokenOwnership memory prevOwnership = ownershipOf(tokenId);

        bool isApprovedOrOwner = (_msgSender() == prevOwnership.addr ||
            getApproved(tokenId) == _msgSender() ||
            isApprovedForAll(prevOwnership.addr, _msgSender()));

        require(isApprovedOrOwner, 'ERC721A: transfer caller is not owner nor approved');

        require(prevOwnership.addr == from, 'ERC721A: transfer from incorrect owner');
        require(to != address(0), 'ERC721A: transfer to the zero address');

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId, prevOwnership.addr);

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as tokenId would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            _addressData[from].balance -= 1;
            _addressData[to].balance += 1;

            _ownerships[tokenId].addr = to;
            _ownerships[tokenId].startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);

            // If the ownership slot of tokenId+1 is not explicitly set, that means the transfer initiator owns it.
            // Set the slot of tokenId+1 explicitly in storage to maintain correctness for ownerOf(tokenId+1) calls.
            uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
            if (_ownerships[nextTokenId].addr == address(0)) {
                if (_exists(nextTokenId)) {
                    _ownerships[nextTokenId].addr = prevOwnership.addr;
                    _ownerships[nextTokenId].startTimestamp = prevOwnership.startTimestamp;
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        address owner
    ) private {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert('ERC721A: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer');
                } else {
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token ids are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token ids have been transferred. This includes
     * minting.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/IRFOXFactory.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.4;

interface IRFOXFactory {
    function createNFT() external returns (address pair);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}