// File: contracts/tunnel/FxERC721RootTunnel.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";

import "./FxCommonTypes.sol";
import "./FxBaseRootTunnel.sol";

contract FxERC721RootTunnel is FxBaseRootTunnel, FxCommonTypes, IERC721Receiver {
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // EVENTS
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  event Withdraw(address indexed rootToken, address indexed user, uint256[] tokenIds);
  event Deposit(address indexed rootToken, address indexed user, uint256[] tokenIds);

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // GENERAL
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  mapping(address => address) public rootToChildTokens;

  constructor(
    address checkpointManager_,
    address fxRoot_,
    address childTunnel_
  ) FxBaseRootTunnel(checkpointManager_, fxRoot_) {
    fxChildTunnel = childTunnel_;
  }

  function mapToken(address rootToken_, address childToken_) external onlyOwner {
    rootToChildTokens[rootToken_] = childToken_;
  }

  function setFxChildTunnel(address childTunnel_) public override onlyOwner {
    fxChildTunnel = childTunnel_;
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // TO CHILD
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  function deposit(address rootToken_, uint256[] calldata tokenIds_)
    public
    isMapped(rootToken_)
  {
    require(tokenIds_.length <= BATCH_LIMIT, "RootTunnel: batch limit");

    address childToken = rootToChildTokens[rootToken_];
    IERC721 rootToken = IERC721(rootToken_);

    for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokenIds_.length; ++i) {
      uint256 tokenId = tokenIds_[i];
      rootToken.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), tokenId);
    }

    bytes memory message = abi.encode(childToken, msg.sender, tokenIds_);
    message = abi.encode(DEPOSIT, message);
    _sendMessageToChild(message);

    emit Deposit(rootToken_, msg.sender, tokenIds_);
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // FROM CHILD
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  function _withdraw(bytes memory data_) internal {
    (address _rootToken, address user, uint256[] memory tokenIds) = abi.decode(
      data_,
      (address, address, uint256[])
    );

    IERC721 rootToken = IERC721(_rootToken);
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokenIds.length; ++i) {
      uint256 tokenId = tokenIds[i];
      rootToken.safeTransferFrom(address(this), user, tokenId);
    }

    emit Withdraw(_rootToken, user, tokenIds);
  }

  function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory data_) internal override {
    (bytes32 syncType, bytes memory syncData) = abi.decode(data_, (bytes32, bytes));

    if (syncType == WITHDRAW) {
      _withdraw(syncData);
    } else {
      revert("RootTunnel: invalid sync");
    }
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // MISC
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  modifier isMapped(address rootToken_) {
    require(
      rootToChildTokens[rootToken_] != address(0x0),
      "RootTunel: token not mapped"
    );
    _;
  }

  function onERC721Received(
    address, /* operator */
    address, /* from */
    uint256, /* tokenId */
    bytes calldata /* data */
  ) external pure override returns (bytes4) {
    return this.onERC721Received.selector;
  }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: contracts/tunnel/FxCommonTypes.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

abstract contract FxCommonTypes {
  bytes32 public constant DEPOSIT = keccak256("DEPOSIT");
  bytes32 public constant WITHDRAW = keccak256("WITHDRAW");

  uint256 public constant BATCH_LIMIT = 15;
}

// File: contracts/tunnel/FxBaseRootTunnel.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

import "../lib/RLPReader.sol";
import "../lib/MerklePatriciaProof.sol";
import "../lib/Merkle.sol";
import "../lib/ExitPayloadReader.sol";

interface IFxStateSender {
  function sendMessageToChild(address _receiver, bytes calldata _data) external;
}

contract ICheckpointManager {
  struct HeaderBlock {
    bytes32 root;
    uint256 start;
    uint256 end;
    uint256 createdAt;
    address proposer;
  }

  mapping(uint256 => HeaderBlock) public headerBlocks;
}

abstract contract FxBaseRootTunnel is Ownable {
  using RLPReader for RLPReader.RLPItem;
  using Merkle for bytes32;
  using ExitPayloadReader for bytes;
  using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.ExitPayload;
  using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.Log;
  using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.LogTopics;
  using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.Receipt;

  bytes32 public constant SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG =
    0x8c5261668696ce22758910d05bab8f186d6eb247ceac2af2e82c7dc17669b036;

  IFxStateSender public fxRoot;
  ICheckpointManager public checkpointManager;
  address public fxChildTunnel;

  mapping(bytes32 => bool) public processedExits;

  constructor(address _checkpointManager, address _fxRoot) {
    checkpointManager = ICheckpointManager(_checkpointManager);
    fxRoot = IFxStateSender(_fxRoot);
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // FROM CHILD
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  function receiveMessage(bytes memory inputData) public virtual {
    bytes memory message = _validateAndExtractMessage(inputData);
    _processMessageFromChild(message);
  }

  function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory message) internal virtual;

  function _validateAndExtractMessage(bytes memory inputData)
    internal
    returns (bytes memory)
  {
    ExitPayloadReader.ExitPayload memory payload = inputData.toExitPayload();

    bytes memory branchMaskBytes = payload.getBranchMaskAsBytes();
    uint256 blockNumber = payload.getBlockNumber();
    // checking if exit has already been processed
    // unique exit is identified using hash of (blockNumber, branchMask, receiptLogIndex)
    bytes32 exitHash = keccak256(
      abi.encodePacked(
        blockNumber,
        // first 2 nibbles are dropped while generating nibble array
        // this allows branch masks that are valid but bypass exitHash check (changing first 2 nibbles only)
        // so converting to nibble array and then hashing it
        MerklePatriciaProof._getNibbleArray(branchMaskBytes),
        payload.getReceiptLogIndex()
      )
    );
    require(processedExits[exitHash] == false, "FxRT: EXIT_ALREADY_PROCESSED");
    processedExits[exitHash] = true;

    ExitPayloadReader.Receipt memory receipt = payload.getReceipt();
    ExitPayloadReader.Log memory log = receipt.getLog();

    require(fxChildTunnel == log.getEmitter(), "FxRT: INVALID_FX_CHILD_TUNNEL");

    bytes32 receiptRoot = payload.getReceiptRoot();
    require(
      MerklePatriciaProof.verify(
        receipt.toBytes(),
        branchMaskBytes,
        payload.getReceiptProof(),
        receiptRoot
      ),
      "FxRT: INVALID_RECEIPT_PROOF"
    );

    _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
      blockNumber,
      payload.getBlockTime(),
      payload.getTxRoot(),
      receiptRoot,
      payload.getHeaderNumber(),
      payload.getBlockProof()
    );

    ExitPayloadReader.LogTopics memory topics = log.getTopics();

    require(
      bytes32(topics.getField(0).toUint()) == SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG,
      "FxRT: INVALID_SIGNATURE"
    );

    bytes memory message = abi.decode(log.getData(), (bytes));
    return message;
  }

  function _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
    uint256 blockNumber,
    uint256 blockTime,
    bytes32 txRoot,
    bytes32 receiptRoot,
    uint256 headerNumber,
    bytes memory blockProof
  ) private view returns (uint256) {
    (bytes32 headerRoot, uint256 startBlock, , uint256 createdAt, ) = checkpointManager
      .headerBlocks(headerNumber);

    require(
      keccak256(abi.encodePacked(blockNumber, blockTime, txRoot, receiptRoot))
        .checkMembership(blockNumber - startBlock, headerRoot, blockProof),
      "FxRT: INVALID_HEADER"
    );
    return createdAt;
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // TO CHILD
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  function _sendMessageToChild(bytes memory message) internal {
    fxRoot.sendMessageToChild(fxChildTunnel, message);
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // MISC
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  function setFxChildTunnel(address _fxChildTunnel) public virtual onlyOwner {
    fxChildTunnel = _fxChildTunnel;
  }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/RLPReader.sol



/*
 * @author Hamdi Allam hamdi.allam97@gmail.com
 * Please reach out with any questions or concerns
 */
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library RLPReader {
    uint8 constant STRING_SHORT_START = 0x80;
    uint8 constant STRING_LONG_START = 0xb8;
    uint8 constant LIST_SHORT_START = 0xc0;
    uint8 constant LIST_LONG_START = 0xf8;
    uint8 constant WORD_SIZE = 32;

    struct RLPItem {
        uint256 len;
        uint256 memPtr;
    }

    struct Iterator {
        RLPItem item; // Item that's being iterated over.
        uint256 nextPtr; // Position of the next item in the list.
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns the next element in the iteration. Reverts if it has not next element.
     * @param self The iterator.
     * @return The next element in the iteration.
     */
    function next(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        require(hasNext(self));

        uint256 ptr = self.nextPtr;
        uint256 itemLength = _itemLength(ptr);
        self.nextPtr = ptr + itemLength;

        return RLPItem(itemLength, ptr);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Returns true if the iteration has more elements.
     * @param self The iterator.
     * @return true if the iteration has more elements.
     */
    function hasNext(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPItem memory item = self.item;
        return self.nextPtr < item.memPtr + item.len;
    }

    /*
     * @param item RLP encoded bytes
     */
    function toRlpItem(bytes memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        uint256 memPtr;
        assembly {
            memPtr := add(item, 0x20)
        }

        return RLPItem(item.length, memPtr);
    }

    /*
     * @dev Create an iterator. Reverts if item is not a list.
     * @param self The RLP item.
     * @return An 'Iterator' over the item.
     */
    function iterator(RLPItem memory self) internal pure returns (Iterator memory) {
        require(isList(self));

        uint256 ptr = self.memPtr + _payloadOffset(self.memPtr);
        return Iterator(self, ptr);
    }

    /*
     * @param item RLP encoded bytes
     */
    function rlpLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return item.len;
    }

    /*
     * @param item RLP encoded bytes
     */
    function payloadLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return item.len - _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
    }

    /*
     * @param item RLP encoded list in bytes
     */
    function toList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        require(isList(item));

        uint256 items = numItems(item);
        RLPItem[] memory result = new RLPItem[](items);

        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint256 dataLen;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < items; i++) {
            dataLen = _itemLength(memPtr);
            result[i] = RLPItem(dataLen, memPtr);
            memPtr = memPtr + dataLen;
        }

        return result;
    }

    // @return indicator whether encoded payload is a list. negate this function call for isData.
    function isList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        if (item.len == 0) return false;

        uint8 byte0;
        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START) return false;
        return true;
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toRlpBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function rlpBytesKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        uint256 ptr = item.memPtr;
        uint256 len = item.len;
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(ptr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    function payloadLocation(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint256, uint256) {
        uint256 offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        uint256 len = item.len - offset; // data length
        return (memPtr, len);
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of the item payload.
     */
    function payloadKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (uint256 memPtr, uint256 len) = payloadLocation(item);
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(memPtr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    /** RLPItem conversions into data types **/

    // @returns raw rlp encoding in bytes
    function toRlpBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory result = new bytes(item.len);
        if (result.length == 0) return result;

        uint256 ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr, ptr, item.len);
        return result;
    }

    // any non-zero byte is considered true
    function toBoolean(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(item.len == 1);
        uint256 result;
        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            result := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        return result == 0 ? false : true;
    }

    function toAddress(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (address) {
        // 1 byte for the length prefix
        require(item.len == 21);

        return address(uint160(toUint(item)));
    }

    function toUint(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(item.len > 0 && item.len <= 33);

        uint256 offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint256 len = item.len - offset;

        uint256 result;
        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)

            // shfit to the correct location if neccesary
            if lt(len, 32) {
                result := div(result, exp(256, sub(32, len)))
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    // enforces 32 byte length
    function toUintStrict(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // one byte prefix
        require(item.len == 33);

        uint256 result;
        uint256 memPtr = item.memPtr + 1;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)
        }

        return result;
    }

    function toBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(item.len > 0);

        uint256 offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint256 len = item.len - offset; // data length
        bytes memory result = new bytes(len);

        uint256 destPtr;
        assembly {
            destPtr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr + offset, destPtr, len);
        return result;
    }

    /*
     * Private Helpers
     */

    // @return number of payload items inside an encoded list.
    function numItems(RLPItem memory item) private pure returns (uint256) {
        if (item.len == 0) return 0;

        uint256 count = 0;
        uint256 currPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint256 endPtr = item.memPtr + item.len;
        while (currPtr < endPtr) {
            currPtr = currPtr + _itemLength(currPtr); // skip over an item
            count++;
        }

        return count;
    }

    // @return entire rlp item byte length
    function _itemLength(uint256 memPtr) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 itemLen;
        uint256 byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START) itemLen = 1;
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START) itemLen = byte0 - STRING_SHORT_START + 1;
        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START) {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xb7) // # of bytes the actual length is
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1) // skip over the first byte
                /* 32 byte word size */
                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to get the len
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        } else if (byte0 < LIST_LONG_START) {
            itemLen = byte0 - LIST_SHORT_START + 1;
        } else {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xf7)
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1)

                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to the correct length
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        }

        return itemLen;
    }

    // @return number of bytes until the data
    function _payloadOffset(uint256 memPtr) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START) return 0;
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START || (byte0 >= LIST_SHORT_START && byte0 < LIST_LONG_START)) return 1;
        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START)
            // being explicit
            return byte0 - (STRING_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
        else return byte0 - (LIST_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
    }

    /*
     * @param src Pointer to source
     * @param dest Pointer to destination
     * @param len Amount of memory to copy from the source
     */
    function copy(
        uint256 src,
        uint256 dest,
        uint256 len
    ) private pure {
        if (len == 0) return;

        // copy as many word sizes as possible
        for (; len >= WORD_SIZE; len -= WORD_SIZE) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }

            src += WORD_SIZE;
            dest += WORD_SIZE;
        }

        if (len == 0) return;

        // left over bytes. Mask is used to remove unwanted bytes from the word
        uint256 mask = 256**(WORD_SIZE - len) - 1;

        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask)) // zero out src
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask) // retrieve the bytes
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/MerklePatriciaProof.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {RLPReader} from "./RLPReader.sol";

library MerklePatriciaProof {
    /*
     * @dev Verifies a merkle patricia proof.
     * @param value The terminating value in the trie.
     * @param encodedPath The path in the trie leading to value.
     * @param rlpParentNodes The rlp encoded stack of nodes.
     * @param root The root hash of the trie.
     * @return The boolean validity of the proof.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes memory value,
        bytes memory encodedPath,
        bytes memory rlpParentNodes,
        bytes32 root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory item = RLPReader.toRlpItem(rlpParentNodes);
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory parentNodes = RLPReader.toList(item);

        bytes memory currentNode;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory currentNodeList;

        bytes32 nodeKey = root;
        uint256 pathPtr = 0;

        bytes memory path = _getNibbleArray(encodedPath);
        if (path.length == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < parentNodes.length; i++) {
            if (pathPtr > path.length) {
                return false;
            }

            currentNode = RLPReader.toRlpBytes(parentNodes[i]);
            if (nodeKey != keccak256(currentNode)) {
                return false;
            }
            currentNodeList = RLPReader.toList(parentNodes[i]);

            if (currentNodeList.length == 17) {
                if (pathPtr == path.length) {
                    if (keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[16])) == keccak256(value)) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                uint8 nextPathNibble = uint8(path[pathPtr]);
                if (nextPathNibble > 16) {
                    return false;
                }
                nodeKey = bytes32(RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[nextPathNibble]));
                pathPtr += 1;
            } else if (currentNodeList.length == 2) {
                uint256 traversed = _nibblesToTraverse(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[0]), path, pathPtr);
                if (pathPtr + traversed == path.length) {
                    //leaf node
                    if (keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[1])) == keccak256(value)) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                //extension node
                if (traversed == 0) {
                    return false;
                }

                pathPtr += traversed;
                nodeKey = bytes32(RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[1]));
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    function _nibblesToTraverse(
        bytes memory encodedPartialPath,
        bytes memory path,
        uint256 pathPtr
    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 len = 0;
        // encodedPartialPath has elements that are each two hex characters (1 byte), but partialPath
        // and slicedPath have elements that are each one hex character (1 nibble)
        bytes memory partialPath = _getNibbleArray(encodedPartialPath);
        bytes memory slicedPath = new bytes(partialPath.length);

        // pathPtr counts nibbles in path
        // partialPath.length is a number of nibbles
        for (uint256 i = pathPtr; i < pathPtr + partialPath.length; i++) {
            bytes1 pathNibble = path[i];
            slicedPath[i - pathPtr] = pathNibble;
        }

        if (keccak256(partialPath) == keccak256(slicedPath)) {
            len = partialPath.length;
        } else {
            len = 0;
        }
        return len;
    }

    // bytes b must be hp encoded
    function _getNibbleArray(bytes memory b) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory nibbles = "";
        if (b.length > 0) {
            uint8 offset;
            uint8 hpNibble = uint8(_getNthNibbleOfBytes(0, b));
            if (hpNibble == 1 || hpNibble == 3) {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 1);
                bytes1 oddNibble = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(1, b);
                nibbles[0] = oddNibble;
                offset = 1;
            } else {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 2);
                offset = 0;
            }

            for (uint256 i = offset; i < nibbles.length; i++) {
                nibbles[i] = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(i - offset + 2, b);
            }
        }
        return nibbles;
    }

    function _getNthNibbleOfBytes(uint256 n, bytes memory str) private pure returns (bytes1) {
        return bytes1(n % 2 == 0 ? uint8(str[n / 2]) / 0x10 : uint8(str[n / 2]) % 0x10);
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/Merkle.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library Merkle {
    function checkMembership(
        bytes32 leaf,
        uint256 index,
        bytes32 rootHash,
        bytes memory proof
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(proof.length % 32 == 0, "Invalid proof length");
        uint256 proofHeight = proof.length / 32;
        // Proof of size n means, height of the tree is n+1.
        // In a tree of height n+1, max #leafs possible is 2 ^ n
        require(index < 2**proofHeight, "Leaf index is too big");

        bytes32 proofElement;
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 32; i <= proof.length; i += 32) {
            assembly {
                proofElement := mload(add(proof, i))
            }

            if (index % 2 == 0) {
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement));
            } else {
                computedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash));
            }

            index = index / 2;
        }
        return computedHash == rootHash;
    }
}

// File: contracts/lib/ExitPayloadReader.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {RLPReader} from "./RLPReader.sol";

library ExitPayloadReader {
    using RLPReader for bytes;
    using RLPReader for RLPReader.RLPItem;

    uint8 constant WORD_SIZE = 32;

    struct ExitPayload {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
    }

    struct Receipt {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
        bytes raw;
        uint256 logIndex;
    }

    struct Log {
        RLPReader.RLPItem data;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] list;
    }

    struct LogTopics {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
    }

    // copy paste of private copy() from RLPReader to avoid changing of existing contracts
    function copy(
        uint256 src,
        uint256 dest,
        uint256 len
    ) private pure {
        if (len == 0) return;

        // copy as many word sizes as possible
        for (; len >= WORD_SIZE; len -= WORD_SIZE) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }

            src += WORD_SIZE;
            dest += WORD_SIZE;
        }

        // left over bytes. Mask is used to remove unwanted bytes from the word
        uint256 mask = 256**(WORD_SIZE - len) - 1;
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask)) // zero out src
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask) // retrieve the bytes
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

    function toExitPayload(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (ExitPayload memory) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory payloadData = data.toRlpItem().toList();

        return ExitPayload(payloadData);
    }

    function getHeaderNumber(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return payload.data[0].toUint();
    }

    function getBlockProof(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return payload.data[1].toBytes();
    }

    function getBlockNumber(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return payload.data[2].toUint();
    }

    function getBlockTime(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return payload.data[3].toUint();
    }

    function getTxRoot(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(payload.data[4].toUint());
    }

    function getReceiptRoot(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(payload.data[5].toUint());
    }

    function getReceipt(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (Receipt memory receipt) {
        receipt.raw = payload.data[6].toBytes();
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory receiptItem = receipt.raw.toRlpItem();

        if (receiptItem.isList()) {
            // legacy tx
            receipt.data = receiptItem.toList();
        } else {
            // pop first byte before parsting receipt
            bytes memory typedBytes = receipt.raw;
            bytes memory result = new bytes(typedBytes.length - 1);
            uint256 srcPtr;
            uint256 destPtr;
            assembly {
                srcPtr := add(33, typedBytes)
                destPtr := add(0x20, result)
            }

            copy(srcPtr, destPtr, result.length);
            receipt.data = result.toRlpItem().toList();
        }

        receipt.logIndex = getReceiptLogIndex(payload);
        return receipt;
    }

    function getReceiptProof(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return payload.data[7].toBytes();
    }

    function getBranchMaskAsBytes(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return payload.data[8].toBytes();
    }

    function getBranchMaskAsUint(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return payload.data[8].toUint();
    }

    function getReceiptLogIndex(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return payload.data[9].toUint();
    }

    // Receipt methods
    function toBytes(Receipt memory receipt) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return receipt.raw;
    }

    function getLog(Receipt memory receipt) internal pure returns (Log memory) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory logData = receipt.data[3].toList()[receipt.logIndex];
        return Log(logData, logData.toList());
    }

    // Log methods
    function getEmitter(Log memory log) internal pure returns (address) {
        return RLPReader.toAddress(log.list[0]);
    }

    function getTopics(Log memory log) internal pure returns (LogTopics memory) {
        return LogTopics(log.list[1].toList());
    }

    function getData(Log memory log) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return log.list[2].toBytes();
    }

    function toRlpBytes(Log memory log) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return log.data.toRlpBytes();
    }

    // LogTopics methods
    function getField(LogTopics memory topics, uint256 index) internal pure returns (RLPReader.RLPItem memory) {
        return topics.data[index];
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}