// File: contracts/miningOneSideBoost/MiningOneSideBoost.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

// Uncomment if needed.
// import "hardhat/console.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

import "../libraries/UniswapOracle.sol";
import "../libraries/UniswapCallingParams.sol";

import "../base/MiningBase.sol";

/// @title Interface for WETH9
interface IWETH9 is IERC20 {
    /// @notice Deposit ether to get wrapped ether
    function deposit() external payable;

    /// @notice Withdraw wrapped ether to get ether
    function withdraw(uint256) external;
}


/// @title Uniswap V3 Liquidity Mining Main Contract
contract MiningOneSideBoost is MiningBase {
    // using Math for int24;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.UintSet;

    using UniswapOracle for address;

    int24 internal constant TICK_MAX = 500000;
    int24 internal constant TICK_MIN = -500000;

    struct PoolInfo {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
    }

    bool public uniIsETH;

    address public uniToken;
    address public lockToken;

    /// @dev Contract of the uniV3 Nonfungible Position Manager.
    address public uniV3NFTManager;
    address public uniFactory;
    address public swapPool;
    PoolInfo public rewardPool;

    uint256 public lockBoostMultiplier;
    /// @dev Current total lock token
    uint256 public totalLock;

    /// @dev Record the status for a certain token for the last touched time.
    struct TokenStatus {
        uint256 nftId;
        // bool isDepositWithNFT;
        uint128 uniLiquidity;
        uint256 lockAmount;
        uint256 vLiquidity;
        uint256 validVLiquidity;
        uint256 nIZI;
        uint256 lastTouchBlock;
        uint256[] lastTouchAccRewardPerShare;
    }

    mapping(uint256 => TokenStatus) public tokenStatus;

    function getBaseTokenStatus(uint256 tokenId) internal override view returns(BaseTokenStatus memory t) {
        TokenStatus memory ts = tokenStatus[tokenId];
        t = BaseTokenStatus({
            vLiquidity: ts.vLiquidity,
            validVLiquidity: ts.validVLiquidity,
            nIZI: ts.nIZI,
            lastTouchAccRewardPerShare: ts.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare
        });
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function _setRewardPool(
        address _uniToken,
        address _lockToken,
        uint24 fee
    ) internal {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        if (_uniToken < _lockToken) {
            token0 = _uniToken;
            token1 = _lockToken;
        } else {
            token0 = _lockToken;
            token1 = _uniToken;
        }
        rewardPool.token0 = token0;
        rewardPool.token1 = token1;
        rewardPool.fee = fee;
    }

    struct PoolParams {
        address uniV3NFTManager;
        address uniTokenAddr;
        address lockTokenAddr;
        uint24 fee;
    }

    constructor(
        PoolParams memory poolParams,
        RewardInfo[] memory _rewardInfos,
        uint256 _lockBoostMultiplier,
        address iziTokenAddr,
        uint256 _startBlock,
        uint256 _endBlock
    ) {
        uniV3NFTManager = poolParams.uniV3NFTManager;

        _setRewardPool(
            poolParams.uniTokenAddr,
            poolParams.lockTokenAddr,
            poolParams.fee
        );

        address weth = INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).WETH9();
        require(weth != poolParams.lockTokenAddr, "WETH NOT SUPPORT");
        uniFactory = INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).factory();

        uniToken = poolParams.uniTokenAddr;

        uniIsETH = (uniToken == weth);
        lockToken = poolParams.lockTokenAddr;

        IERC20(uniToken).safeApprove(uniV3NFTManager, type(uint256).max);

        swapPool = IUniswapV3Factory(uniFactory).getPool(
            lockToken,
            uniToken,
            poolParams.fee
        );
        require(swapPool != address(0), "NO UNI POOL");

        rewardInfosLen = _rewardInfos.length;
        require(rewardInfosLen > 0, "NO REWARD");
        require(rewardInfosLen < 3, "AT MOST 2 REWARDS");

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            rewardInfos[i] = _rewardInfos[i];
            rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare = 0;
        }

        require(_lockBoostMultiplier > 0, "M>0");
        require(_lockBoostMultiplier < 4, "M<4");

        lockBoostMultiplier = _lockBoostMultiplier;

        // iziTokenAddr == 0 means not boost
        iziToken = IERC20(iziTokenAddr);

        startBlock = _startBlock;
        endBlock = _endBlock;

        lastTouchBlock = startBlock;

        totalVLiquidity = 0;
        totalNIZI = 0;
    }

    /// @notice Get the overall info for the mining contract.
    function getMiningContractInfo()
        external
        view
        returns (
            address uniToken_,
            address lockToken_,
            uint24 fee_,
            uint256 lockBoostMultiplier_,
            address iziTokenAddr_,
            uint256 lastTouchBlock_,
            uint256 totalVLiquidity_,
            uint256 totalLock_,
            uint256 totalNIZI_,
            uint256 startBlock_,
            uint256 endBlock_
        )
    {
        return (
            uniToken,
            lockToken,
            rewardPool.fee,
            lockBoostMultiplier,
            address(iziToken),
            lastTouchBlock,
            totalVLiquidity,
            totalLock,
            totalNIZI,
            startBlock,
            endBlock
        );
    }

    /// @dev compute amount of lockToken
    /// @param sqrtPriceX96 sqrtprice value viewed from uniswap pool
    /// @param uniAmount amount of uniToken user deposits
    ///    or amount computed corresponding to deposited uniswap NFT
    /// @return lockAmount amount of lockToken
    function _getLockAmount(uint160 sqrtPriceX96, uint256 uniAmount)
        private
        view
        returns (uint256 lockAmount)
    {
        // uniAmount is less than Q96, checked before
        uint256 precision = FixedPoints.Q96;
        uint256 sqrtPriceXP = sqrtPriceX96;

        // if price > 1, we discard the useless precision
        if (sqrtPriceX96 > FixedPoints.Q96) {
            precision = FixedPoints.Q32;
            // sqrtPriceXP <= Q96 after >> operation
            sqrtPriceXP = (sqrtPriceXP >> 64);
        }
        // priceXP <= Q160 if price >= 1
        // priceXP <= Q96  if price < 1
        uint256 priceXP = (sqrtPriceXP * sqrtPriceXP) / precision;
    
        if (priceXP > 0) {
            if (uniToken < lockToken) {
                // price is lockToken / uniToken
                lockAmount = (uniAmount * priceXP) / precision;
            } else {
                lockAmount = (uniAmount * precision) / priceXP;
            }
        } else {
             // in this case sqrtPriceXP <= Q48, precision = Q96
            if (uniToken < lockToken) {
                // price is lockToken / uniToken
                // lockAmount = uniAmount * sqrtPriceXP * sqrtPriceXP / precision / precision;
                // the above expression will always get 0
                lockAmount = 0;
            } else {
                lockAmount = uniAmount * precision / sqrtPriceXP / sqrtPriceXP; 
                // lockAmount is always < Q128, since sqrtPriceXP > Q32
                // we still add the require statement to double check
                require(lockAmount < FixedPoints.Q160, "TOO MUCH LOCK");
                lockAmount *= precision;
            }
        }
        require(lockAmount > 0, "LOCK 0");
    }

    /// @notice new a token status when touched.
    function _newTokenStatus(TokenStatus memory newTokenStatus) internal {
        tokenStatus[newTokenStatus.nftId] = newTokenStatus;
        TokenStatus storage t = tokenStatus[newTokenStatus.nftId];

        t.lastTouchBlock = lastTouchBlock;
        t.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare = new uint256[](rewardInfosLen);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            t.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare[i] = rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare;
        }
    }

    /// @notice update a token status when touched
    function _updateTokenStatus(
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 validVLiquidity,
        uint256 nIZI
    ) internal override {
        TokenStatus storage t = tokenStatus[tokenId];

        // when not boost, validVL == vL
        t.validVLiquidity = validVLiquidity;
        t.nIZI = nIZI;

        t.lastTouchBlock = lastTouchBlock;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            t.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare[i] = rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare;
        }
    }

    function _computeValidVLiquidity(uint256 vLiquidity, uint256 nIZI)
        internal override
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (totalNIZI == 0) {
            return vLiquidity;
        }
        uint256 iziVLiquidity = (vLiquidity * 4 + (totalVLiquidity * nIZI * 6) / totalNIZI) / 10;
        return Math.min(iziVLiquidity, vLiquidity);
    }

    /// @dev get sqrtPrice of pool(uniToken/tokenSwap/fee)
    ///    and compute tick range converted from [TICK_MIN, PriceUni] or [PriceUni, TICK_MAX]
    /// @return sqrtPriceX96 current sqrtprice value viewed from uniswap pool, is a 96-bit fixed point number
    ///    note this value might mean price of lockToken/uniToken (if uniToken < lockToken)
    ///    or price of uniToken / lockToken (if uniToken > lockToken)
    /// @return tickLeft
    /// @return tickRight
    function _getPriceAndTickRange()
        private
        view
        returns (
            uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
            int24 tickLeft,
            int24 tickRight
        )
    {
        (int24 avgTick, uint160 avgSqrtPriceX96, int24 currTick, ) = swapPool
            .getAvgTickPriceWithin2Hour();
        int24 tickSpacing = IUniswapV3Factory(uniFactory).feeAmountTickSpacing(
            rewardPool.fee
        );
        if (uniToken < lockToken) {
            // price is lockToken / uniToken
            // uniToken is X
            tickLeft = Math.max(currTick + 1, avgTick);
            tickRight = TICK_MAX;
            tickLeft = Math.tickUpper(tickLeft, tickSpacing);
            tickRight = Math.tickUpper(tickRight, tickSpacing);
        } else {
            // price is uniToken / lockToken
            // uniToken is Y
            tickRight = Math.min(currTick, avgTick);
            tickLeft = TICK_MIN;
            tickLeft = Math.tickFloor(tickLeft, tickSpacing);
            tickRight = Math.tickFloor(tickRight, tickSpacing);
        }
        require(tickLeft < tickRight, "L<R");
        sqrtPriceX96 = avgSqrtPriceX96;
    }

    function getOraclePrice()
        external
        view
        returns (
            int24 avgTick,
            uint160 avgSqrtPriceX96
        )
    {
        (avgTick, avgSqrtPriceX96, , ) = swapPool.getAvgTickPriceWithin2Hour();
    }

    /// @notice Transfers ETH to the recipient address
    /// @dev Fails with `STE`
    /// @param to The destination of the transfer
    /// @param value The value to be transferred
    function safeTransferETH(address to, uint256 value) internal {
        (bool success, ) = to.call{value: value}(new bytes(0));
        require(success, "STE");
    }

    function depositWithuniToken(
        uint256 uniAmount,
        uint256 numIZI,
        uint256 deadline
    ) external payable nonReentrant {
        require(uniAmount >= 1e7, "TOKENUNI AMOUNT TOO SMALL");
        require(uniAmount < FixedPoints.Q96 / 3, "TOKENUNI AMOUNT TOO LARGE");
        if (uniIsETH) {
            require(msg.value >= uniAmount, "ETHER INSUFFICIENT");
        } else {
            IERC20(uniToken).safeTransferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                uniAmount
            );
        }
        (
            uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
            int24 tickLeft,
            int24 tickRight
        ) = _getPriceAndTickRange();

        TokenStatus memory newTokenStatus;

        INonfungiblePositionManager.MintParams
            memory uniParams = UniswapCallingParams.mintParams(
                uniToken, lockToken, rewardPool.fee, uniAmount, 0, tickLeft, tickRight, deadline
            );
        uint256 actualAmountUni;

        if (uniToken < lockToken) {
            (
                newTokenStatus.nftId,
                newTokenStatus.uniLiquidity,
                actualAmountUni,

            ) = INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).mint{
                value: msg.value
            }(uniParams);
        } else {
            (
                newTokenStatus.nftId,
                newTokenStatus.uniLiquidity,
                ,
                actualAmountUni
            ) = INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).mint{
                value: msg.value
            }(uniParams);
        }

        // mark owners and append to list
        owners[newTokenStatus.nftId] = msg.sender;
        bool res = tokenIds[msg.sender].add(newTokenStatus.nftId);
        require(res);

        if (actualAmountUni < uniAmount) {
            if (uniIsETH) {
                // refund uniToken
                // from uniswap to this
                INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).refundETH();
                // from this to msg.sender
                if (address(this).balance > 0)
                    safeTransferETH(msg.sender, address(this).balance);
            } else {
                // refund uniToken
                IERC20(uniToken).safeTransfer(
                    msg.sender,
                    uniAmount - actualAmountUni
                );
            }
        }

        _updateGlobalStatus();
        newTokenStatus.vLiquidity = actualAmountUni * lockBoostMultiplier;
        newTokenStatus.lockAmount = _getLockAmount(
            sqrtPriceX96,
            newTokenStatus.vLiquidity
        );

        // make vLiquidity lower
        newTokenStatus.vLiquidity = newTokenStatus.vLiquidity / 1e6;

        IERC20(lockToken).safeTransferFrom(
            msg.sender,
            address(this),
            newTokenStatus.lockAmount
        );
        totalLock += newTokenStatus.lockAmount;
        _updateVLiquidity(newTokenStatus.vLiquidity, true);

        newTokenStatus.nIZI = numIZI;
        if (address(iziToken) == address(0)) {
            // boost is not enabled
            newTokenStatus.nIZI = 0;
        }
        _updateNIZI(newTokenStatus.nIZI, true);
        newTokenStatus.validVLiquidity = _computeValidVLiquidity(
            newTokenStatus.vLiquidity,
            newTokenStatus.nIZI
        );
        require(newTokenStatus.nIZI < FixedPoints.Q128 / 6, "NIZI O");
        _newTokenStatus(newTokenStatus);
        if (newTokenStatus.nIZI > 0) {
            // lock izi in this contract
            iziToken.safeTransferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                newTokenStatus.nIZI
            );
        }

        emit Deposit(msg.sender, newTokenStatus.nftId, newTokenStatus.nIZI);
    }

    /// @notice Widthdraw a single position.
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    /// @param noReward true if use want to withdraw without reward
    function withdraw(uint256 tokenId, bool noReward) external nonReentrant {
        require(owners[tokenId] == msg.sender, "NOT OWNER OR NOT EXIST");

        if (noReward) {
            _updateGlobalStatus();
        } else {
            _collectReward(tokenId);
        }
        TokenStatus storage t = tokenStatus[tokenId];

        _updateVLiquidity(t.vLiquidity, false);
        if (t.nIZI > 0) {
            _updateNIZI(t.nIZI, false);
            // refund iZi to user
            iziToken.safeTransfer(msg.sender, t.nIZI);
        }
        if (t.lockAmount > 0) {
            // refund lockToken to user
            IERC20(lockToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, t.lockAmount);
            totalLock -= t.lockAmount;
        }

        INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).decreaseLiquidity(
            UniswapCallingParams.decreaseLiquidityParams(tokenId, t.uniLiquidity, type(uint256).max)
        );

        if (!uniIsETH) {
            INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).collect(
                UniswapCallingParams.collectParams(tokenId, msg.sender)
            );
        } else {
            (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1) = INonfungiblePositionManager(
                uniV3NFTManager
            ).collect(
                UniswapCallingParams.collectParams(tokenId, address(this))
            );
            (uint256 amountUni, uint256 amountLock) = (uniToken < lockToken)? (amount0, amount1) : (amount1, amount0);
            if (amountLock > 0) {
                IERC20(lockToken).safeTransfer(msg.sender, amountLock);
            }

            if (amountUni > 0) {
                IWETH9(uniToken).withdraw(amountUni);
                safeTransferETH(msg.sender, amountUni);
            }
        }

        owners[tokenId] = address(0);
        bool res = tokenIds[msg.sender].remove(tokenId);
        require(res);

        emit Withdraw(msg.sender, tokenId);
    }

    /// @notice Collect pending reward for a single position.
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    function collect(uint256 tokenId) external nonReentrant {
        require(owners[tokenId] == msg.sender, "NOT OWNER or NOT EXIST");
        _collectReward(tokenId);
        INonfungiblePositionManager.CollectParams
            memory params = UniswapCallingParams.collectParams(tokenId, msg.sender);
        // collect swap fee from uniswap
        INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).collect(params);
    }

    /// @notice Collect all pending rewards.
    function collectAllTokens() external nonReentrant {
        EnumerableSet.UintSet storage ids = tokenIds[msg.sender];
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length(); i++) {
            uint256 tokenId = ids.at(i);
            require(owners[tokenId] == msg.sender, "NOT OWNER");
            _collectReward(tokenId);
            INonfungiblePositionManager.CollectParams
                memory params = UniswapCallingParams.collectParams(tokenId, msg.sender);
            // collect swap fee from uniswap
            INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).collect(params);
        }
    }

    // Control fuctions for the contract owner and operators.

    /// @notice If something goes wrong, we can send back user's nft and locked assets
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    function emergenceWithdraw(uint256 tokenId) external override onlyOwner {
        address owner = owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0));
        INonfungiblePositionManager(uniV3NFTManager).safeTransferFrom(
            address(this),
            owner,
            tokenId
        );

        TokenStatus storage t = tokenStatus[tokenId];
        if (t.nIZI > 0) {
            // we should ensure nft refund to user
            // omit the case when transfer() returns false unexpectedly
            iziToken.transfer(owner, t.nIZI);
        }
        if (t.lockAmount > 0) {
            // we should ensure nft refund to user
            // omit the case when transfer() returns false unexpectedly
            IERC20(lockToken).transfer(owner, t.lockAmount);
        }
        // makesure user cannot withdraw/depositIZI or collect reward on this nft
        owners[tokenId] = address(0);
    }

}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastvalue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastvalue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastvalue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastvalue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return _values(set._inner);
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: contracts/libraries/UniswapOracle.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "../uniswap/interfaces.sol";
import "./LogPowMath.sol";

library UniswapOracle {

    using UniswapOracle for address;

    struct Observation {
        uint32 blockTimestamp;
        int56 tickCumulative;
        uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128;
        bool initialized;
    }

    /// @dev query a certain observation from uniswap pool
    /// @param pool address of uniswap pool
    /// @param observationIndex index of wanted observation
    /// @return observation desired observation, see Observation to learn more
    function getObservation(address pool, uint observationIndex)
        internal
        view
        returns (Observation memory observation) 
    {
        (
            observation.blockTimestamp,
            observation.tickCumulative,
            observation.secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128,
            observation.initialized
        ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observations(observationIndex);
    }

    /// @dev query latest and oldest observations from uniswap pool
    /// @param pool address of uniswap pool
    /// @param latestIndex index of latest observation in the pool
    /// @param observationCardinality size of observation queue in the pool
    /// @return oldestObservation
    /// @return latestObservation
    function getObservationBoundary(address pool, uint16 latestIndex, uint16 observationCardinality)
        internal
        view
        returns (Observation memory oldestObservation, Observation memory latestObservation)
    {
        uint16 oldestIndex = (latestIndex + 1) % observationCardinality;
        oldestObservation = pool.getObservation(oldestIndex);
        if (!oldestObservation.initialized) {
            oldestIndex = 0;
            oldestObservation = pool.getObservation(0);
        }
        if (latestIndex == oldestIndex) {
            // oldest observation is latest observation
            latestObservation = oldestObservation;
        } else {
            latestObservation = pool.getObservation(latestIndex);
        }
    }

    struct Slot0 {
        int24 tick;
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96;
        uint16 observationIndex;
        uint16 observationCardinality;
        uint16 observationCardinalityNext;
    }

    /// @dev view slot0 infomations from uniswap pool
    /// @param pool address of uniswap
    /// @return slot0 a Slot0 struct with necessary info, see Slot0 struct above
    function getSlot0(address pool) 
        internal
        view
        returns (Slot0 memory slot0) {
        (
            uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
            int24 tick,
            uint16 observationIndex,
            uint16 observationCardinality,
            uint16 observationCardinalityNext,
            ,
        
        ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).slot0();
        slot0.tick = tick;
        slot0.sqrtPriceX96 = sqrtPriceX96;
        slot0.observationIndex = observationIndex;
        slot0.observationCardinality = observationCardinality;
        slot0.observationCardinalityNext = observationCardinalityNext;
    }

    // note if we call this interface, we must ensure that the 
    //    oldest observation preserved in pool is older than 2h ago
    function _getAvgTickFromTarget(address pool, uint32 targetTimestamp, int56 latestTickCumu, uint32 latestTimestamp)
        private
        view
        returns (int24 tick) 
    {
        uint32[] memory secondsAgo = new uint32[](1);
        secondsAgo[0] = uint32(block.timestamp) - targetTimestamp;

        int56[] memory tickCumulatives;
        
        (tickCumulatives,) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observe(secondsAgo);
        uint56 timeDelta = latestTimestamp - targetTimestamp;

        int56 tickAvg = (latestTickCumu - tickCumulatives[0]) / int56(timeDelta);
        tick = int24(tickAvg);
    }

    /// @dev compute avg tick and avg sqrt price of pool within one hour from now
    /// @param pool address of uniswap pool
    /// @return tick computed avg tick
    /// @return sqrtPriceX96 computed avg sqrt price, in the form of 96-bit fixed point number
    function getAvgTickPriceWithin2Hour(address pool)
        internal
        view
        returns (int24 tick, uint160 sqrtPriceX96, int24 currTick, uint160 currSqrtPriceX96)
    {
        Slot0 memory slot0 = pool.getSlot0();

        if (slot0.observationCardinality == 1) {
            // only 1 observation in the swap pool
            // we could simply return tick/sqrtPrice of slot0
            return (slot0.tick, slot0.sqrtPriceX96, slot0.tick, slot0.sqrtPriceX96);
        } else {
            // we will search the latest observation and the observation 1h ago 

            // 1st, we should get the boundary of the observations in the pool
            Observation memory oldestObservation;
            Observation memory latestObservation;
            (oldestObservation, latestObservation) = pool.getObservationBoundary(slot0.observationIndex, slot0.observationCardinality);
            
            if (oldestObservation.blockTimestamp == latestObservation.blockTimestamp) {
                // there is only 1 valid observation in the pool
                return (slot0.tick, slot0.sqrtPriceX96, slot0.tick, slot0.sqrtPriceX96);
            }
            uint32 twoHourAgo = uint32(block.timestamp - 7200);

            // now there must be at least 2 valid observations in the pool
            if (twoHourAgo <= oldestObservation.blockTimestamp || latestObservation.blockTimestamp <= oldestObservation.blockTimestamp + 3600) {
                // the oldest observation updated within 1h
                // we can not safely call IUniswapV3Pool.observe(...) for it 1h ago
                uint56 timeDelta = latestObservation.blockTimestamp - oldestObservation.blockTimestamp;
                int56 tickAvg = (latestObservation.tickCumulative - oldestObservation.tickCumulative) / int56(timeDelta);
                tick = int24(tickAvg);
            } else {
                // we are sure that the oldest observation is old enough
                // we can safely call IUniswapV3Pool.observe(...) for it 1h ago
                uint32 targetTimestamp = twoHourAgo;
                if (targetTimestamp + 3600 > latestObservation.blockTimestamp) {
                    targetTimestamp = latestObservation.blockTimestamp - 3600;
                }
                tick = _getAvgTickFromTarget(pool, targetTimestamp, latestObservation.tickCumulative, latestObservation.blockTimestamp);
            }
            sqrtPriceX96 = LogPowMath.getSqrtPrice(tick);
            return (tick, sqrtPriceX96, slot0.tick, slot0.sqrtPriceX96);
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/libraries/UniswapCallingParams.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "../uniswap/interfaces.sol";
import "./Math.sol";

library UniswapCallingParams {
    // fill INonfungiblePositionManager.CollectParams struct to call INonfungiblePositionManager.collect(...)
    function collectParams(uint256 uniPositionID, address recipient)
        internal
        pure
        returns (INonfungiblePositionManager.CollectParams memory params)
    {
        params.tokenId = uniPositionID;
        params.recipient = recipient;
        params.amount0Max = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;
        params.amount1Max = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;
    }

    function decreaseLiquidityParams(
        uint256 uniPositionID,
        uint128 liquidity,
        uint256 deadline
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (
            INonfungiblePositionManager.DecreaseLiquidityParams memory params
        )
    {
        params.tokenId = uniPositionID;
        params.liquidity = liquidity;
        params.amount0Min = 0;
        params.amount1Min = 0;
        params.deadline = deadline;
    }

    /// @dev fill INonfungiblePositionManager.MintParams struct to call INonfungiblePositionManager.mint(...)
    /// @param token0 one of token pair in uniswap pool, note here not necessary to ensure that token0 < token1
    /// @param token1 another token
    /// @param fee fee
    /// @param amount0 amount of token0
    /// @param amount1 amount of token1
    /// @param tickLeft tickLower
    /// @param tickRight tickUpper
    /// @param deadline deadline of mint calling
    /// @return params MintParams
    function mintParams(
        address token0,
        address token1,
        uint24 fee,
        uint256 amount0,
        uint256 amount1,
        int24 tickLeft,
        int24 tickRight,
        uint256 deadline
    )
        internal
        view
        returns (INonfungiblePositionManager.MintParams memory params)
    {
        params.fee = fee;
        params.tickLower = tickLeft;
        params.tickUpper = tickRight;
        params.deadline = deadline;
        params.recipient = address(this);
        params.amount0Min = 0;
        params.amount1Min = 0;
        if (token0 < token1) {
            params.token0 = token0;
            params.token1 = token1;
            params.amount0Desired = amount0;
            params.amount1Desired = amount1;
        } else {
            params.token0 = token1;
            params.token1 = token0;
            params.amount0Desired = amount1;
            params.amount1Desired = amount0;
        }
    }
}
// File: contracts/base/MiningBase.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

// Uncomment if needed.
// import "hardhat/console.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

import "../libraries/FixedPoints.sol";
import "../libraries/Math.sol";
import "../multicall.sol";

abstract contract MiningBase is Ownable, Multicall, ReentrancyGuard {

    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.UintSet;

    /// @dev Last block number that the accRewardRerShare is touched.
    uint256 public lastTouchBlock;

    /// @dev The block number when NFT mining rewards starts/ends.
    uint256 public startBlock;
    uint256 public endBlock;
    struct RewardInfo {
        /// @dev Contract of the reward erc20 token.
        address rewardToken;
        /// @dev who provides reward
        address provider;
        /// @dev Accumulated Reward Tokens per share, times Q128.
        uint256 accRewardPerShare;
        /// @dev Reward amount for each block.
        uint256 rewardPerBlock;
    }

    mapping(uint256 => RewardInfo) public rewardInfos;
    uint256 public rewardInfosLen;

    /// @dev Store the owner of the NFT token
    mapping(uint256 => address) public owners;
    /// @dev The inverse mapping of owners.
    mapping(address => EnumerableSet.UintSet) internal tokenIds;

    /// @dev token to lock, 0 for not boost
    IERC20 public iziToken;
    /// @dev current total nIZI.
    uint256 public totalNIZI;

    /// @notice Current total virtual liquidity.
    uint256 public totalVLiquidity;

    /// @notice emit if user successfully deposit
    /// @param user user
    /// @param tokenId id of mining (same as uniswap nft token id)
    /// @param nIZI amount of boosted iZi
    event Deposit(address indexed user, uint256 tokenId, uint256 nIZI);
    /// @notice emit if user successfully withdraw
    /// @param user user
    /// @param tokenId id of mining (same as uniswap nft token id)
    event Withdraw(address indexed user, uint256 tokenId);
    /// @notice emit if user successfully collect reward
    /// @param user user
    /// @param tokenId id of mining (same as uniswap nft token id)
    /// @param token address of reward erc-20 token
    /// @param amount amount of erc-20 token user received 
    event CollectReward(address indexed user, uint256 tokenId, address token, uint256 amount);
    /// @notice emit if contract owner successfully calls modifyEndBlock(...)
    /// @param endBlock endBlock 
    event ModifyEndBlock(uint256 endBlock);
    /// @notice emit if contract owner successfully calls modifyRewardPerBlock(...)
    /// @param rewardToken address of reward erc20-token
    /// @param rewardPerBlock new reward per block of 'rewardToken'
    event ModifyRewardPerBlock(address indexed rewardToken, uint256 rewardPerBlock);
    /// @notice emit if contract owner successfully calls modifyProvider(...)
    /// @param rewardToken address of reward erc20-token
    /// @param provider New provider
    event ModifyProvider(address indexed rewardToken, address provider);

    /// @notice Update reward variables to be up-to-date.
    /// @param vLiquidity vLiquidity to add or minus
    /// @param isAdd add or minus
    function _updateVLiquidity(uint256 vLiquidity, bool isAdd) internal {
        if (isAdd) {
            totalVLiquidity = totalVLiquidity + vLiquidity;
        } else {
            totalVLiquidity = totalVLiquidity - vLiquidity;
        }

        // max lockBoostMultiplier is 3
        require(totalVLiquidity <= FixedPoints.Q128 * 3, "TOO MUCH LIQUIDITY STAKED");
    }

    /// @notice Update reward variables to be up-to-date.
    /// @param nIZI amount of boosted iZi to add or minus
    /// @param isAdd add or minus
    function _updateNIZI(uint256 nIZI, bool isAdd) internal {
        if (isAdd) {
            totalNIZI = totalNIZI + nIZI;
        } else {
            totalNIZI = totalNIZI - nIZI;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Update the global status.
    function _updateGlobalStatus() internal {
        if (block.number <= lastTouchBlock) {
            return;
        }
        if (lastTouchBlock >= endBlock) {
            return;
        }
        uint256 currBlockNumber = Math.min(block.number, endBlock);
        if (totalVLiquidity == 0) {
            lastTouchBlock = currBlockNumber;
            return;
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            // tokenReward < 2^25 * 2^64 * 2*10, 15 years, 1000 r/block
            uint256 tokenReward = (currBlockNumber - lastTouchBlock) * rewardInfos[i].rewardPerBlock;
            // tokenReward * Q128 < 2^(25 + 64 + 10 + 128)
            rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare = rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare + ((tokenReward * FixedPoints.Q128) / totalVLiquidity);
        }
        lastTouchBlock = currBlockNumber;
    }

    /// @notice compute validVLiquidity
    /// @param vLiquidity origin vLiquidity
    /// @param nIZI amount of boosted iZi
    function _computeValidVLiquidity(uint256 vLiquidity, uint256 nIZI)
        internal virtual
        view
        returns (uint256);

    /// @notice update a token status when touched
    /// @param tokenId id of TokenStatus obj in sub-contracts (same with uniswap nft id)
    /// @param validVLiquidity validVLiquidity, can be acquired by _computeValidVLiquidity(...)
    /// @param nIZI latest amount of iZi boost
    function _updateTokenStatus(
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 validVLiquidity,
        uint256 nIZI
    ) internal virtual;


    struct BaseTokenStatus {
        uint256 vLiquidity;
        uint256 validVLiquidity;
        uint256 nIZI;
        uint256[] lastTouchAccRewardPerShare;
    }

    /// @notice get base infomation from token status in sub-contracts
    /// @param tokenId id of TokenStatus obj in sub-contracts
    /// @return t contains base infomation (uint256 vLiquidity, uint256 validVLiquidity, uint256 nIZI, uint256[] lastTouchAccRewardPerShare)
    function getBaseTokenStatus(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual view returns(BaseTokenStatus memory t);

    /// @notice deposit iZi to an nft token
    /// @param tokenId nft already deposited
    /// @param deltaNIZI amount of izi to deposit
    function depositIZI(uint256 tokenId, uint256 deltaNIZI)
        external
        nonReentrant
    {
        require(owners[tokenId] == msg.sender, "NOT OWNER or NOT EXIST");
        require(address(iziToken) != address(0), "NOT BOOST");
        require(deltaNIZI > 0, "DEPOSIT IZI MUST BE POSITIVE");
        _collectReward(tokenId);
        BaseTokenStatus memory t = getBaseTokenStatus(tokenId);
        _updateNIZI(deltaNIZI, true);
        uint256 nIZI = t.nIZI + deltaNIZI;
        // update validVLiquidity
        uint256 validVLiquidity = _computeValidVLiquidity(t.vLiquidity, nIZI);
        _updateTokenStatus(tokenId, validVLiquidity, nIZI);

        // transfer iZi from user
        iziToken.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), deltaNIZI);
    }

    /// @notice Collect pending reward for a single position. can be called by sub-contracts
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    function _collectReward(uint256 tokenId) internal {
        BaseTokenStatus memory t = getBaseTokenStatus(tokenId);

        _updateGlobalStatus();
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            // multiplied by Q128 before
            uint256 _reward = (t.validVLiquidity * (rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare - t.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare[i])) / FixedPoints.Q128;
            if (_reward > 0) {
                IERC20(rewardInfos[i].rewardToken).safeTransferFrom(
                    rewardInfos[i].provider,
                    msg.sender,
                    _reward
                );
            }
            emit CollectReward(
                msg.sender,
                tokenId,
                rewardInfos[i].rewardToken,
                _reward
            );
        }

        // update validVLiquidity
        uint256 validVLiquidity = _computeValidVLiquidity(t.vLiquidity, t.nIZI);
        _updateTokenStatus(tokenId, validVLiquidity, t.nIZI);
    }

    /// @notice View function to get position ids staked here for an user.
    /// @param _user The related address.
    /// @return list of tokenId
    function getTokenIds(address _user)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        EnumerableSet.UintSet storage ids = tokenIds[_user];
        // push could not be used in memory array
        // we set the tokenIdList into a fixed-length array rather than dynamic
        uint256[] memory tokenIdList = new uint256[](ids.length());
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length(); i++) {
            tokenIdList[i] = ids.at(i);
        }
        return tokenIdList;
    }
    
    /// @notice Return reward multiplier over the given _from to _to block.
    /// @param _from The start block.
    /// @param _to The end block.
    function _getRewardBlockNum(uint256 _from, uint256 _to)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (_from > _to) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (_to <= endBlock) {
            return _to - _from;
        } else if (_from >= endBlock) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return endBlock - _from;
        }
    }

    /// @notice View function to see pending Reward for a single position.
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    /// @return list of pending reward amount for each reward ERC20-token of tokenId
    function pendingReward(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        BaseTokenStatus memory t = getBaseTokenStatus(tokenId);
        uint256[] memory _reward = new uint256[](rewardInfosLen);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rewardInfosLen; i++) {
            uint256 tokenReward = _getRewardBlockNum(
                lastTouchBlock,
                block.number
            ) * rewardInfos[i].rewardPerBlock;
            uint256 rewardPerShare = rewardInfos[i].accRewardPerShare + (tokenReward * FixedPoints.Q128) / totalVLiquidity;
            // l * (currentAcc - lastAcc)
            _reward[i] = (t.validVLiquidity * (rewardPerShare - t.lastTouchAccRewardPerShare[i])) / FixedPoints.Q128;
        }
        return _reward;
    }

    /// @notice View function to see pending Rewards for an address.
    /// @param _user The related address.
    /// @return list of pending reward amount for each reward ERC20-token of this user
    function pendingRewards(address _user)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory)
    {
        uint256[] memory _reward = new uint256[](rewardInfosLen);
        for (uint256 j = 0; j < rewardInfosLen; j++) {
            _reward[j] = 0;
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokenIds[_user].length(); i++) {
            uint256[] memory r = pendingReward(tokenIds[_user].at(i));
            for (uint256 j = 0; j < rewardInfosLen; j++) {
                _reward[j] += r[j];
            }
        }
        return _reward;
    }

    // Control fuctions for the contract owner and operators.

    /// @notice If something goes wrong, we can send back user's nft and locked assets
    /// @param tokenId The related position id.
    function emergenceWithdraw(uint256 tokenId) external virtual;

    /// @notice Set new reward end block.
    /// @param _endBlock New end block.
    function modifyEndBlock(uint256 _endBlock) external onlyOwner {
        require(_endBlock > block.number, "OUT OF DATE");
        _updateGlobalStatus();
        // jump if origin endBlock < block.number
        lastTouchBlock = block.number;
        endBlock = _endBlock;
        emit ModifyEndBlock(endBlock);
    }

    /// @notice Set new reward per block.
    /// @param rewardIdx which rewardInfo to modify
    /// @param _rewardPerBlock new reward per block
    function modifyRewardPerBlock(uint256 rewardIdx, uint256 _rewardPerBlock)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(rewardIdx < rewardInfosLen, "OUT OF REWARD INFO RANGE");
        _updateGlobalStatus();
        rewardInfos[rewardIdx].rewardPerBlock = _rewardPerBlock;
        emit ModifyRewardPerBlock(
            rewardInfos[rewardIdx].rewardToken,
            _rewardPerBlock
        );
    }


    /// @notice Set new reward provider.
    /// @param rewardIdx which rewardInfo to modify
    /// @param provider New provider
    function modifyProvider(uint256 rewardIdx, address provider)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(rewardIdx < rewardInfosLen, "OUT OF REWARD INFO RANGE");
        rewardInfos[rewardIdx].provider = provider;
        emit ModifyProvider(rewardInfos[rewardIdx].rewardToken, provider);
    }
}
// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/uniswap/interfaces.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

interface IUniswapV3Pool {
    function slot0()
    external
    view
    returns (
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
        int24 tick,
        uint16 observationIndex,
        uint16 observationCardinality,
        uint16 observationCardinalityNext,
        uint8 feeProtocol,
        bool unlocked
    );
    
    function observations(uint256 index)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint32 blockTimestamp,
            int56 tickCumulative,
            uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128,
            bool initialized
        );

    function observe(uint32[] calldata secondsAgos)
        external
        view
        returns (int56[] memory tickCumulatives, uint160[] memory secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s);
}

interface IUniswapV3Factory {

    /// @notice Returns the tick spacing for a given fee amount, if enabled, or 0 if not enabled
    /// @dev A fee amount can never be removed, so this value should be hard coded or cached in the calling context
    /// @param fee The enabled fee, denominated in hundredths of a bip. Returns 0 in case of unenabled fee
    /// @return The tick spacing
    function feeAmountTickSpacing(uint24 fee) external view returns (int24);

    /// @notice Returns the pool address for a given pair of tokens and a fee, or address 0 if it does not exist
    /// @dev tokenA and tokenB may be passed in either token0/token1 or token1/token0 order
    /// @param tokenA The contract address of either token0 or token1
    /// @param tokenB The contract address of the other token
    /// @param fee The fee collected upon every swap in the pool, denominated in hundredths of a bip
    /// @return pool The pool address
    function getPool(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint24 fee
    ) external view returns (address pool);

}

interface INonfungiblePositionManager {

    /// @return Returns the address of the Uniswap V3 factory
    function factory() external view returns (address);

    /// @return Returns the address of WETH9
    function WETH9() external view returns (address);
    function positions(uint256 tokenId)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint96 nonce,
            address operator,
            address token0,
            address token1,
            uint24 fee,
            int24 tickLower,
            int24 tickUpper,
            uint128 liquidity,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside0LastX128,
            uint256 feeGrowthInside1LastX128,
            uint128 tokensOwed0,
            uint128 tokensOwed1
        );
    struct MintParams {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
        int24 tickLower;
        int24 tickUpper;
        uint256 amount0Desired;
        uint256 amount1Desired;
        uint256 amount0Min;
        uint256 amount1Min;
        address recipient;
        uint256 deadline;
    }
    
    /// @notice Refunds any ETH balance held by this contract to the `msg.sender`
    /// @dev Useful for bundling with mint or increase liquidity that uses ether, or exact output swaps
    /// that use ether for the input amount
    function refundETH() external payable;

    /// @notice Creates a new position wrapped in a NFT
    /// @dev Call this when the pool does exist and is initialized. Note that if the pool is created but not initialized
    /// a method does not exist, i.e. the pool is assumed to be initialized.
    /// @param params The params necessary to mint a position, encoded as `MintParams` in calldata
    /// @return tokenId The ID of the token that represents the minted position
    /// @return liquidity The amount of liquidity for this position
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1
    function mint(MintParams calldata params)
        external
        payable
        returns (
            uint256 tokenId,
            uint128 liquidity,
            uint256 amount0,
            uint256 amount1
        );
    
    struct DecreaseLiquidityParams {
        uint256 tokenId;
        uint128 liquidity;
        uint256 amount0Min;
        uint256 amount1Min;
        uint256 deadline;
    }

    /// @notice Decreases the amount of liquidity in a position and accounts it to the position
    /// @param params tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity is being decreased,
    /// amount The amount by which liquidity will be decreased,
    /// amount0Min The minimum amount of token0 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
    /// amount1Min The minimum amount of token1 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
    /// deadline The time by which the transaction must be included to effect the change
    /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 accounted to the position's tokens owed
    /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 accounted to the position's tokens owed
    function decreaseLiquidity(DecreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    struct CollectParams {
        uint256 tokenId;
        address recipient;
        uint128 amount0Max;
        uint128 amount1Max;
    }

    /// @notice Collects up to a maximum amount of fees owed to a specific position to the recipient
    /// @param params tokenId The ID of the NFT for which tokens are being collected,
    /// recipient The account that should receive the tokens,
    /// amount0Max The maximum amount of token0 to collect,
    /// amount1Max The maximum amount of token1 to collect
    /// @return amount0 The amount of fees collected in token0
    /// @return amount1 The amount of fees collected in token1
    function collect(CollectParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);

    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address);

    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;
}
// File: contracts/libraries/LogPowMath.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;


library LogPowMath {

    int24 internal constant MIN_POINT = -887272;

    int24 internal constant MAX_POINT = -MIN_POINT;


    uint160 internal constant MIN_SQRT_PRICE = 4295128739;

    uint160 internal constant MAX_SQRT_PRICE = 1461446703485210103287273052203988822378723970342;

    /// @notice sqrt(1.0001^point) in form oy 96-bit fix point num
    function getSqrtPrice(int24 point) internal pure returns (uint160 sqrtPrice_96) {
        uint256 absIdx = point < 0 ? uint256(-int256(point)) : uint256(int256(point));
        require(absIdx <= uint256(int256(MAX_POINT)), 'T');

        uint256 value = absIdx & 0x1 != 0 ? 0xfffcb933bd6fad37aa2d162d1a594001 : 0x100000000000000000000000000000000;
        if (absIdx & 0x2 != 0) value = (value * 0xfff97272373d413259a46990580e213a) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x4 != 0) value = (value * 0xfff2e50f5f656932ef12357cf3c7fdcc) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x8 != 0) value = (value * 0xffe5caca7e10e4e61c3624eaa0941cd0) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x10 != 0) value = (value * 0xffcb9843d60f6159c9db58835c926644) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x20 != 0) value = (value * 0xff973b41fa98c081472e6896dfb254c0) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x40 != 0) value = (value * 0xff2ea16466c96a3843ec78b326b52861) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x80 != 0) value = (value * 0xfe5dee046a99a2a811c461f1969c3053) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x100 != 0) value = (value * 0xfcbe86c7900a88aedcffc83b479aa3a4) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x200 != 0) value = (value * 0xf987a7253ac413176f2b074cf7815e54) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x400 != 0) value = (value * 0xf3392b0822b70005940c7a398e4b70f3) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x800 != 0) value = (value * 0xe7159475a2c29b7443b29c7fa6e889d9) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x1000 != 0) value = (value * 0xd097f3bdfd2022b8845ad8f792aa5825) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x2000 != 0) value = (value * 0xa9f746462d870fdf8a65dc1f90e061e5) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x4000 != 0) value = (value * 0x70d869a156d2a1b890bb3df62baf32f7) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x8000 != 0) value = (value * 0x31be135f97d08fd981231505542fcfa6) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x10000 != 0) value = (value * 0x9aa508b5b7a84e1c677de54f3e99bc9) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x20000 != 0) value = (value * 0x5d6af8dedb81196699c329225ee604) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x40000 != 0) value = (value * 0x2216e584f5fa1ea926041bedfe98) >> 128;
        if (absIdx & 0x80000 != 0) value = (value * 0x48a170391f7dc42444e8fa2) >> 128;

        if (point > 0) value = type(uint256).max / value;

        sqrtPrice_96 = uint160((value >> 32) + (value % (1 << 32) == 0 ? 0 : 1));
    }

    // floor(log1.0001(sqrtPrice_96))
    function getLogSqrtPriceFloor(uint160 sqrtPrice_96) internal pure returns (int24 logValue) {
        // second inequality must be < because the price can nevex reach the price at the max tick
        require(sqrtPrice_96 >= MIN_SQRT_PRICE && sqrtPrice_96 < MAX_SQRT_PRICE, 'R');
        uint256 sqrtPrice_128 = uint256(sqrtPrice_96) << 32;

        uint256 x = sqrtPrice_128;
        uint256 m = 0;

        assembly {
            let y := shl(7, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(6, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(5, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(4, gt(x, 0xFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(3, gt(x, 0xFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(2, gt(x, 0xF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(1, gt(x, 0x3))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := gt(x, 0x1)
            m := or(m, y)
        }

        if (m >= 128) x = sqrtPrice_128 >> (m - 127);
        else x = sqrtPrice_128 << (127 - m);

        int256 l2 = (int256(m) - 128) << 64;

        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(63, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(62, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(61, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(60, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(59, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(58, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(57, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(56, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(55, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(54, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(53, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(52, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(51, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(50, y))
        }

        int256 ls10001 = l2 * 255738958999603826347141;

        int24 logFloor = int24((ls10001 - 3402992956809132418596140100660247210) >> 128);
        int24 logUpper = int24((ls10001 + 291339464771989622907027621153398088495) >> 128);

        logValue = logFloor == logUpper ? logFloor : getSqrtPrice(logUpper) <= sqrtPrice_96 ? logUpper : logFloor;
    }

    function getLogSqrtPriceFU(uint160 sqrtPrice_96) internal pure returns (int24 logFloor, int24 logUpper) {
        // second inequality must be < because the price can nevex reach the price at the max tick
        require(sqrtPrice_96 >= MIN_SQRT_PRICE && sqrtPrice_96 < MAX_SQRT_PRICE, 'R');
        uint256 sqrtPrice_128 = uint256(sqrtPrice_96) << 32;

        uint256 x = sqrtPrice_128;
        uint256 m = 0;

        assembly {
            let y := shl(7, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(6, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(5, gt(x, 0xFFFFFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(4, gt(x, 0xFFFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(3, gt(x, 0xFF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(2, gt(x, 0xF))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := shl(1, gt(x, 0x3))
            m := or(m, y)
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            let y := gt(x, 0x1)
            m := or(m, y)
        }

        if (m >= 128) x = sqrtPrice_128 >> (m - 127);
        else x = sqrtPrice_128 << (127 - m);

        int256 l2 = (int256(m) - 128) << 64;

        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(63, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(62, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(61, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(60, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(59, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(58, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(57, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(56, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(55, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(54, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(53, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(52, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(51, y))
            x := shr(y, x)
        }
        assembly {
            x := shr(127, mul(x, x))
            let y := shr(128, x)
            l2 := or(l2, shl(50, y))
        }

        int256 ls10001 = l2 * 255738958999603826347141;

        logFloor = int24((ls10001 - 3402992956809132418596140100660247210) >> 128);
        logUpper = int24((ls10001 + 291339464771989622907027621153398088495) >> 128);
    }
}

// File: contracts/libraries/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/// @title Simple math library for Max and Min.
library Math {
    function max(int24 a, int24 b) internal pure returns (int24) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    function min(int24 a, int24 b) internal pure returns (int24) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    function tickFloor(int24 tick, int24 tickSpacing)
        internal
        pure
        returns (int24)
    {
        int24 c = tick / tickSpacing;
        if (tick < 0 && tick % tickSpacing != 0) {
            c = c - 1;
        }
        c = c * tickSpacing;
        return c;
    }

    function tickUpper(int24 tick, int24 tickSpacing)
        internal
        pure
        returns (int24)
    {
        int24 c = tick / tickSpacing;
        if (tick > 0 && tick % tickSpacing != 0) {
            c = c + 1;
        }
        c = c * tickSpacing;
        return c;
    }
}
// File: contracts/libraries/FixedPoints.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

library FixedPoints {
    uint256 constant Q32 = (1 << 32);
    uint256 constant Q64 = (1 << 64);
    uint256 constant Q96 = (1 << 96);
    uint256 constant Q128 = (1 << 128);
    uint256 constant Q160 = (1 << 160);
}
// File: contracts/multicall.sol



//  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.4;

/// @title Multicall
/// @notice Enables calling multiple methods in a single call to the contract
abstract contract Multicall {
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external payable returns (bytes[] memory results) {
        results = new bytes[](data.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            (bool success, bytes memory result) = address(this).delegatecall(data[i]);

            if (!success) {
                // Next 5 lines from https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/83577
                if (result.length < 68) revert();
                assembly {
                    result := add(result, 0x04)
                }
                revert(abi.decode(result, (string)));
            }

            results[i] = result;
        }
    }
}