// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/IERC1155.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC1155 compliant contract, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155[EIP].
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens of token type `id` are transferred from `from` to `to` by `operator`.
     */
    event TransferSingle(address indexed operator, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 id, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to multiple {TransferSingle} events, where `operator`, `from` and `to` are the same for all
     * transfers.
     */
    event TransferBatch(
        address indexed operator,
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256[] ids,
        uint256[] values
    );

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer their tokens, according to
     * `approved`.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed account, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the URI for token type `id` changes to `value`, if it is a non-programmatic URI.
     *
     * If an {URI} event was emitted for `id`, the standard
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata-extensions[guarantees] that `value` will equal the value
     * returned by {IERC1155MetadataURI-uri}.
     */
    event URI(string value, uint256 indexed id);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens of token type `id` owned by `account`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {balanceOf}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `accounts` and `ids` must have the same length.
     */
    function balanceOfBatch(address[] calldata accounts, uint256[] calldata ids)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory);

    /**
     * @dev Grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer the caller's tokens, according to `approved`,
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `operator` cannot be the caller.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `operator` is approved to transfer ``account``'s tokens.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `amount` tokens of token type `id` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferSingle} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been approved to spend ``from``'s tokens via {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - `from` must have a balance of tokens of type `id` of at least `amount`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {safeTransferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferBatch} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `ids` and `amounts` must have the same length.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata amounts,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256, /* firstTokenId */
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {
        if (batchSize > 1) {
            if (from != address(0)) {
                _balances[from] -= batchSize;
            }
            if (to != address(0)) {
                _balances[to] += batchSize;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/BaseRegistrarImplementation.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../registry/ENS.sol";
import "./IBaseRegistrar.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract BaseRegistrarImplementation is ERC721, IBaseRegistrar, Ownable {
    // A map of expiry times
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) expiries;
    // The ENS registry
    ENS public ens;
    // The namehash of the TLD this registrar owns (eg, .eth)
    bytes32 public baseNode;
    // A map of addresses that are authorised to register and renew names.
    mapping(address => bool) public controllers;
    uint256 public constant GRACE_PERIOD = 90 days;
    bytes4 private constant INTERFACE_META_ID =
        bytes4(keccak256("supportsInterface(bytes4)"));
    bytes4 private constant ERC721_ID =
        bytes4(
            keccak256("balanceOf(address)") ^
                keccak256("ownerOf(uint256)") ^
                keccak256("approve(address,uint256)") ^
                keccak256("getApproved(uint256)") ^
                keccak256("setApprovalForAll(address,bool)") ^
                keccak256("isApprovedForAll(address,address)") ^
                keccak256("transferFrom(address,address,uint256)") ^
                keccak256("safeTransferFrom(address,address,uint256)") ^
                keccak256("safeTransferFrom(address,address,uint256,bytes)")
        );
    bytes4 private constant RECLAIM_ID =
        bytes4(keccak256("reclaim(uint256,address)"));

    /**
     * v2.1.3 version of _isApprovedOrOwner which calls ownerOf(tokenId) and takes grace period into consideration instead of ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
     * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v2.1.3/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol#L187
     * @dev Returns whether the given spender can transfer a given token ID
     * @param spender address of the spender to query
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @return bool whether the msg.sender is approved for the given token ID,
     *    is an operator of the owner, or is the owner of the token
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(
        address spender,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal view override returns (bool) {
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner ||
            getApproved(tokenId) == spender ||
            isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
    }

    constructor(ENS _ens, bytes32 _baseNode) ERC721("", "") {
        ens = _ens;
        baseNode = _baseNode;
    }

    modifier live() {
        require(ens.owner(baseNode) == address(this));
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyController() {
        require(controllers[msg.sender]);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gets the owner of the specified token ID. Names become unowned
     *      when their registration expires.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to query the owner of
     * @return address currently marked as the owner of the given token ID
     */
    function ownerOf(
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public view override(IERC721, ERC721) returns (address) {
        require(expiries[tokenId] > block.timestamp);
        return super.ownerOf(tokenId);
    }

    // Authorises a controller, who can register and renew domains.
    function addController(address controller) external override onlyOwner {
        controllers[controller] = true;
        emit ControllerAdded(controller);
    }

    // Revoke controller permission for an address.
    function removeController(address controller) external override onlyOwner {
        controllers[controller] = false;
        emit ControllerRemoved(controller);
    }

    // Set the resolver for the TLD this registrar manages.
    function setResolver(address resolver) external override onlyOwner {
        ens.setResolver(baseNode, resolver);
    }

    // Returns the expiration timestamp of the specified id.
    function nameExpires(uint256 id) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return expiries[id];
    }

    // Returns true iff the specified name is available for registration.
    function available(uint256 id) public view override returns (bool) {
        // Not available if it's registered here or in its grace period.
        return expiries[id] + GRACE_PERIOD < block.timestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Register a name.
     * @param id The token ID (keccak256 of the label).
     * @param owner The address that should own the registration.
     * @param duration Duration in seconds for the registration.
     */
    function register(
        uint256 id,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration
    ) external override returns (uint256) {
        return _register(id, owner, duration, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Register a name, without modifying the registry.
     * @param id The token ID (keccak256 of the label).
     * @param owner The address that should own the registration.
     * @param duration Duration in seconds for the registration.
     */
    function registerOnly(
        uint256 id,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration
    ) external returns (uint256) {
        return _register(id, owner, duration, false);
    }

    function _register(
        uint256 id,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration,
        bool updateRegistry
    ) internal live onlyController returns (uint256) {
        require(available(id));
        require(
            block.timestamp + duration + GRACE_PERIOD >
                block.timestamp + GRACE_PERIOD
        ); // Prevent future overflow

        expiries[id] = block.timestamp + duration;
        if (_exists(id)) {
            // Name was previously owned, and expired
            _burn(id);
        }
        _mint(owner, id);
        if (updateRegistry) {
            ens.setSubnodeOwner(baseNode, bytes32(id), owner);
        }

        emit NameRegistered(id, owner, block.timestamp + duration);

        return block.timestamp + duration;
    }

    function renew(
        uint256 id,
        uint256 duration
    ) external override live onlyController returns (uint256) {
        require(expiries[id] + GRACE_PERIOD >= block.timestamp); // Name must be registered here or in grace period
        require(
            expiries[id] + duration + GRACE_PERIOD > duration + GRACE_PERIOD
        ); // Prevent future overflow

        expiries[id] += duration;
        emit NameRenewed(id, expiries[id]);
        return expiries[id];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reclaim ownership of a name in ENS, if you own it in the registrar.
     */
    function reclaim(uint256 id, address owner) external override live {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(msg.sender, id));
        ens.setSubnodeOwner(baseNode, bytes32(id), owner);
    }

    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 interfaceID
    ) public view override(ERC721, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceID == INTERFACE_META_ID ||
            interfaceID == ERC721_ID ||
            interfaceID == RECLAIM_ID;
    }
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/ETHRegistrarController.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

import {BaseRegistrarImplementation} from "./BaseRegistrarImplementation.sol";
import {StringUtils} from "./StringUtils.sol";
import {Resolver} from "../resolvers/Resolver.sol";
import {ENS} from "../registry/ENS.sol";
import {ReverseRegistrar} from "../reverseRegistrar/ReverseRegistrar.sol";
import {ReverseClaimer} from "../reverseRegistrar/ReverseClaimer.sol";
import {IETHRegistrarController, IPriceOracle} from "./IETHRegistrarController.sol";

import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import {IERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {INameWrapper} from "../wrapper/INameWrapper.sol";
import {ERC20Recoverable} from "../utils/ERC20Recoverable.sol";

error CommitmentTooNew(bytes32 commitment);
error CommitmentTooOld(bytes32 commitment);
error NameNotAvailable(string name);
error DurationTooShort(uint256 duration);
error ResolverRequiredWhenDataSupplied();
error UnexpiredCommitmentExists(bytes32 commitment);
error InsufficientValue();
error Unauthorised(bytes32 node);
error MaxCommitmentAgeTooLow();
error MaxCommitmentAgeTooHigh();

/**
 * @dev A registrar controller for registering and renewing names at fixed cost.
 */
contract ETHRegistrarController is
    Ownable,
    IETHRegistrarController,
    IERC165,
    ERC20Recoverable,
    ReverseClaimer
{
    using StringUtils for *;
    using Address for address;

    uint256 public constant MIN_REGISTRATION_DURATION = 28 days;
    bytes32 private constant ETH_NODE =
        0x93cdeb708b7545dc668eb9280176169d1c33cfd8ed6f04690a0bcc88a93fc4ae;
    uint64 private constant MAX_EXPIRY = type(uint64).max;
    BaseRegistrarImplementation immutable base;
    IPriceOracle public immutable prices;
    uint256 public immutable minCommitmentAge;
    uint256 public immutable maxCommitmentAge;
    ReverseRegistrar public immutable reverseRegistrar;
    INameWrapper public immutable nameWrapper;

    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public commitments;

    event NameRegistered(
        string name,
        bytes32 indexed label,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 baseCost,
        uint256 premium,
        uint256 expires
    );
    event NameRenewed(
        string name,
        bytes32 indexed label,
        uint256 cost,
        uint256 expires
    );

    constructor(
        BaseRegistrarImplementation _base,
        IPriceOracle _prices,
        uint256 _minCommitmentAge,
        uint256 _maxCommitmentAge,
        ReverseRegistrar _reverseRegistrar,
        INameWrapper _nameWrapper,
        ENS _ens
    ) ReverseClaimer(_ens, msg.sender) {
        if (_maxCommitmentAge <= _minCommitmentAge) {
            revert MaxCommitmentAgeTooLow();
        }

        if (_maxCommitmentAge > block.timestamp) {
            revert MaxCommitmentAgeTooHigh();
        }

        base = _base;
        prices = _prices;
        minCommitmentAge = _minCommitmentAge;
        maxCommitmentAge = _maxCommitmentAge;
        reverseRegistrar = _reverseRegistrar;
        nameWrapper = _nameWrapper;
    }

    function rentPrice(
        string memory name,
        uint256 duration
    ) public view override returns (IPriceOracle.Price memory price) {
        bytes32 label = keccak256(bytes(name));
        price = prices.price(name, base.nameExpires(uint256(label)), duration);
    }

    function valid(string memory name) public pure returns (bool) {
        return name.strlen() >= 3;
    }

    function available(string memory name) public view override returns (bool) {
        bytes32 label = keccak256(bytes(name));
        return valid(name) && base.available(uint256(label));
    }

    function makeCommitment(
        string memory name,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration,
        bytes32 secret,
        address resolver,
        bytes[] calldata data,
        bool reverseRecord,
        uint16 ownerControlledFuses
    ) public pure override returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 label = keccak256(bytes(name));
        if (data.length > 0 && resolver == address(0)) {
            revert ResolverRequiredWhenDataSupplied();
        }
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    label,
                    owner,
                    duration,
                    secret,
                    resolver,
                    data,
                    reverseRecord,
                    ownerControlledFuses
                )
            );
    }

    function commit(bytes32 commitment) public override {
        if (commitments[commitment] + maxCommitmentAge >= block.timestamp) {
            revert UnexpiredCommitmentExists(commitment);
        }
        commitments[commitment] = block.timestamp;
    }

    function register(
        string calldata name,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration,
        bytes32 secret,
        address resolver,
        bytes[] calldata data,
        bool reverseRecord,
        uint16 ownerControlledFuses
    ) public payable override {
        IPriceOracle.Price memory price = rentPrice(name, duration);
        if (msg.value < price.base + price.premium) {
            revert InsufficientValue();
        }

        _consumeCommitment(
            name,
            duration,
            makeCommitment(
                name,
                owner,
                duration,
                secret,
                resolver,
                data,
                reverseRecord,
                ownerControlledFuses
            )
        );

        uint256 expires = nameWrapper.registerAndWrapETH2LD(
            name,
            owner,
            duration,
            resolver,
            ownerControlledFuses
        );

        if (data.length > 0) {
            _setRecords(resolver, keccak256(bytes(name)), data);
        }

        if (reverseRecord) {
            _setReverseRecord(name, resolver, msg.sender);
        }

        emit NameRegistered(
            name,
            keccak256(bytes(name)),
            owner,
            price.base,
            price.premium,
            expires
        );

        if (msg.value > (price.base + price.premium)) {
            payable(msg.sender).transfer(
                msg.value - (price.base + price.premium)
            );
        }
    }

    function renew(
        string calldata name,
        uint256 duration
    ) external payable override {
        bytes32 labelhash = keccak256(bytes(name));
        uint256 tokenId = uint256(labelhash);
        IPriceOracle.Price memory price = rentPrice(name, duration);
        if (msg.value < price.base) {
            revert InsufficientValue();
        }
        uint256 expires = nameWrapper.renew(tokenId, duration);

        if (msg.value > price.base) {
            payable(msg.sender).transfer(msg.value - price.base);
        }

        emit NameRenewed(name, labelhash, msg.value, expires);
    }

    function withdraw() public {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }

    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 interfaceID
    ) external pure returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceID == type(IERC165).interfaceId ||
            interfaceID == type(IETHRegistrarController).interfaceId;
    }

    /* Internal functions */

    function _consumeCommitment(
        string memory name,
        uint256 duration,
        bytes32 commitment
    ) internal {
        // Require an old enough commitment.
        if (commitments[commitment] + minCommitmentAge > block.timestamp) {
            revert CommitmentTooNew(commitment);
        }

        // If the commitment is too old, or the name is registered, stop
        if (commitments[commitment] + maxCommitmentAge <= block.timestamp) {
            revert CommitmentTooOld(commitment);
        }
        if (!available(name)) {
            revert NameNotAvailable(name);
        }

        delete (commitments[commitment]);

        if (duration < MIN_REGISTRATION_DURATION) {
            revert DurationTooShort(duration);
        }
    }

    function _setRecords(
        address resolverAddress,
        bytes32 label,
        bytes[] calldata data
    ) internal {
        // use hardcoded .eth namehash
        bytes32 nodehash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(ETH_NODE, label));
        Resolver resolver = Resolver(resolverAddress);
        resolver.multicallWithNodeCheck(nodehash, data);
    }

    function _setReverseRecord(
        string memory name,
        address resolver,
        address owner
    ) internal {
        reverseRegistrar.setNameForAddr(
            msg.sender,
            owner,
            resolver,
            string.concat(name, ".eth")
        );
    }
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/IBaseRegistrar.sol



import "../registry/ENS.sol";
import "./IBaseRegistrar.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

interface IBaseRegistrar is IERC721 {
    event ControllerAdded(address indexed controller);
    event ControllerRemoved(address indexed controller);
    event NameMigrated(
        uint256 indexed id,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 expires
    );
    event NameRegistered(
        uint256 indexed id,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 expires
    );
    event NameRenewed(uint256 indexed id, uint256 expires);

    // Authorises a controller, who can register and renew domains.
    function addController(address controller) external;

    // Revoke controller permission for an address.
    function removeController(address controller) external;

    // Set the resolver for the TLD this registrar manages.
    function setResolver(address resolver) external;

    // Returns the expiration timestamp of the specified label hash.
    function nameExpires(uint256 id) external view returns (uint256);

    // Returns true if the specified name is available for registration.
    function available(uint256 id) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Register a name.
     */
    function register(
        uint256 id,
        address owner,
        uint256 duration
    ) external returns (uint256);

    function renew(uint256 id, uint256 duration) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Reclaim ownership of a name in ENS, if you own it in the registrar.
     */
    function reclaim(uint256 id, address owner) external;
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/IBulkRenewal.sol



interface IBulkRenewal {
    function rentPrice(
        string[] calldata names,
        uint256 duration
    ) external view returns (uint256 total);

    function renewAll(
        string[] calldata names,
        uint256 duration
    ) external payable;
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/IETHRegistrarController.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

import "./IPriceOracle.sol";

interface IETHRegistrarController {
    function rentPrice(
        string memory,
        uint256
    ) external view returns (IPriceOracle.Price memory);

    function available(string memory) external returns (bool);

    function makeCommitment(
        string memory,
        address,
        uint256,
        bytes32,
        address,
        bytes[] calldata,
        bool,
        uint16
    ) external pure returns (bytes32);

    function commit(bytes32) external;

    function register(
        string calldata,
        address,
        uint256,
        bytes32,
        address,
        bytes[] calldata,
        bool,
        uint16
    ) external payable;

    function renew(string calldata, uint256) external payable;
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/IPriceOracle.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.17 <0.9.0;

interface IPriceOracle {
    struct Price {
        uint256 base;
        uint256 premium;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the price to register or renew a name.
     * @param name The name being registered or renewed.
     * @param expires When the name presently expires (0 if this is a new registration).
     * @param duration How long the name is being registered or extended for, in seconds.
     * @return base premium tuple of base price + premium price
     */
    function price(
        string calldata name,
        uint256 expires,
        uint256 duration
    ) external view returns (Price calldata);
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/StaticBulkRenewal.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

import "./ETHRegistrarController.sol";
import "./IBulkRenewal.sol";
import "./IPriceOracle.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

contract StaticBulkRenewal is IBulkRenewal {
    ETHRegistrarController controller;

    constructor(ETHRegistrarController _controller) {
        controller = _controller;
    }

    function rentPrice(
        string[] calldata names,
        uint256 duration
    ) external view override returns (uint256 total) {
        uint256 length = names.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ) {
            IPriceOracle.Price memory price = controller.rentPrice(
                names[i],
                duration
            );
            unchecked {
                ++i;
                total += (price.base + price.premium);
            }
        }
    }

    function renewAll(
        string[] calldata names,
        uint256 duration
    ) external payable override {
        uint256 length = names.length;
        uint256 total;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ) {
            IPriceOracle.Price memory price = controller.rentPrice(
                names[i],
                duration
            );
            uint256 totalPrice = price.base + price.premium;
            controller.renew{value: totalPrice}(names[i], duration);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
                total += totalPrice;
            }
        }
        // Send any excess funds back
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }

    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 interfaceID
    ) external pure returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceID == type(IERC165).interfaceId ||
            interfaceID == type(IBulkRenewal).interfaceId;
    }
}

// File: contracts/ethregistrar/StringUtils.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

library StringUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the length of a given string
     *
     * @param s The string to measure the length of
     * @return The length of the input string
     */
    function strlen(string memory s) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 len;
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 bytelength = bytes(s).length;
        for (len = 0; i < bytelength; len++) {
            bytes1 b = bytes(s)[i];
            if (b < 0x80) {
                i += 1;
            } else if (b < 0xE0) {
                i += 2;
            } else if (b < 0xF0) {
                i += 3;
            } else if (b < 0xF8) {
                i += 4;
            } else if (b < 0xFC) {
                i += 5;
            } else {
                i += 6;
            }
        }
        return len;
    }
}

// File: contracts/registry/ENS.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface ENS {
    // Logged when the owner of a node assigns a new owner to a subnode.
    event NewOwner(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 indexed label, address owner);

    // Logged when the owner of a node transfers ownership to a new account.
    event Transfer(bytes32 indexed node, address owner);

    // Logged when the resolver for a node changes.
    event NewResolver(bytes32 indexed node, address resolver);

    // Logged when the TTL of a node changes
    event NewTTL(bytes32 indexed node, uint64 ttl);

    // Logged when an operator is added or removed.
    event ApprovalForAll(
        address indexed owner,
        address indexed operator,
        bool approved
    );

    function setRecord(
        bytes32 node,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        uint64 ttl
    ) external;

    function setSubnodeRecord(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes32 label,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        uint64 ttl
    ) external;

    function setSubnodeOwner(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes32 label,
        address owner
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function setResolver(bytes32 node, address resolver) external;

    function setOwner(bytes32 node, address owner) external;

    function setTTL(bytes32 node, uint64 ttl) external;

    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    function owner(bytes32 node) external view returns (address);

    function resolver(bytes32 node) external view returns (address);

    function ttl(bytes32 node) external view returns (uint64);

    function recordExists(bytes32 node) external view returns (bool);

    function isApprovedForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator
    ) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/Resolver.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import "./profiles/IABIResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IAddressResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IAddrResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IContentHashResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IDNSRecordResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IDNSZoneResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IInterfaceResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/INameResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IPubkeyResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/ITextResolver.sol";
import "./profiles/IExtendedResolver.sol";

/**
 * A generic resolver interface which includes all the functions including the ones deprecated
 */
interface Resolver is
    IERC165,
    IABIResolver,
    IAddressResolver,
    IAddrResolver,
    IContentHashResolver,
    IDNSRecordResolver,
    IDNSZoneResolver,
    IInterfaceResolver,
    INameResolver,
    IPubkeyResolver,
    ITextResolver,
    IExtendedResolver
{
    /* Deprecated events */
    event ContentChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 hash);

    function setApprovalForAll(address, bool) external;

    function approve(bytes32 node, address delegate, bool approved) external;

    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) external;

    function isApprovedFor(
        address owner,
        bytes32 node,
        address delegate
    ) external;

    function setABI(
        bytes32 node,
        uint256 contentType,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    function setAddr(bytes32 node, address addr) external;

    function setAddr(bytes32 node, uint256 coinType, bytes calldata a) external;

    function setContenthash(bytes32 node, bytes calldata hash) external;

    function setDnsrr(bytes32 node, bytes calldata data) external;

    function setName(bytes32 node, string calldata _name) external;

    function setPubkey(bytes32 node, bytes32 x, bytes32 y) external;

    function setText(
        bytes32 node,
        string calldata key,
        string calldata value
    ) external;

    function setInterface(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes4 interfaceID,
        address implementer
    ) external;

    function multicall(
        bytes[] calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes[] memory results);

    function multicallWithNodeCheck(
        bytes32 nodehash,
        bytes[] calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes[] memory results);

    /* Deprecated functions */
    function content(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes32);

    function multihash(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes memory);

    function setContent(bytes32 node, bytes32 hash) external;

    function setMultihash(bytes32 node, bytes calldata hash) external;
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IABIResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IABIResolver {
    event ABIChanged(bytes32 indexed node, uint256 indexed contentType);

    /**
     * Returns the ABI associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP205.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @param contentTypes A bitwise OR of the ABI formats accepted by the caller.
     * @return contentType The content type of the return value
     * @return data The ABI data
     */
    function ABI(
        bytes32 node,
        uint256 contentTypes
    ) external view returns (uint256, bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IAddrResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

/**
 * Interface for the legacy (ETH-only) addr function.
 */
interface IAddrResolver {
    event AddrChanged(bytes32 indexed node, address a);

    /**
     * Returns the address associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated address.
     */
    function addr(bytes32 node) external view returns (address payable);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IAddressResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

/**
 * Interface for the new (multicoin) addr function.
 */
interface IAddressResolver {
    event AddressChanged(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        uint256 coinType,
        bytes newAddress
    );

    function addr(
        bytes32 node,
        uint256 coinType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IContentHashResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IContentHashResolver {
    event ContenthashChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes hash);

    /**
     * Returns the contenthash associated with an ENS node.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function contenthash(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IDNSRecordResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IDNSRecordResolver {
    // DNSRecordChanged is emitted whenever a given node/name/resource's RRSET is updated.
    event DNSRecordChanged(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        bytes name,
        uint16 resource,
        bytes record
    );
    // DNSRecordDeleted is emitted whenever a given node/name/resource's RRSET is deleted.
    event DNSRecordDeleted(bytes32 indexed node, bytes name, uint16 resource);

    /**
     * Obtain a DNS record.
     * @param node the namehash of the node for which to fetch the record
     * @param name the keccak-256 hash of the fully-qualified name for which to fetch the record
     * @param resource the ID of the resource as per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types
     * @return the DNS record in wire format if present, otherwise empty
     */
    function dnsRecord(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes32 name,
        uint16 resource
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IDNSZoneResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IDNSZoneResolver {
    // DNSZonehashChanged is emitted whenever a given node's zone hash is updated.
    event DNSZonehashChanged(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        bytes lastzonehash,
        bytes zonehash
    );

    /**
     * zonehash obtains the hash for the zone.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated contenthash.
     */
    function zonehash(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IExtendedResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

interface IExtendedResolver {
    function resolve(
        bytes memory name,
        bytes memory data
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IInterfaceResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IInterfaceResolver {
    event InterfaceChanged(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        bytes4 indexed interfaceID,
        address implementer
    );

    /**
     * Returns the address of a contract that implements the specified interface for this name.
     * If an implementer has not been set for this interfaceID and name, the resolver will query
     * the contract at `addr()`. If `addr()` is set, a contract exists at that address, and that
     * contract implements EIP165 and returns `true` for the specified interfaceID, its address
     * will be returned.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param interfaceID The EIP 165 interface ID to check for.
     * @return The address that implements this interface, or 0 if the interface is unsupported.
     */
    function interfaceImplementer(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes4 interfaceID
    ) external view returns (address);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/INameResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface INameResolver {
    event NameChanged(bytes32 indexed node, string name);

    /**
     * Returns the name associated with an ENS node, for reverse records.
     * Defined in EIP181.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @return The associated name.
     */
    function name(bytes32 node) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/IPubkeyResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IPubkeyResolver {
    event PubkeyChanged(bytes32 indexed node, bytes32 x, bytes32 y);

    /**
     * Returns the SECP256k1 public key associated with an ENS node.
     * Defined in EIP 619.
     * @param node The ENS node to query
     * @return x The X coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     * @return y The Y coordinate of the curve point for the public key.
     */
    function pubkey(bytes32 node) external view returns (bytes32 x, bytes32 y);
}

// File: contracts/resolvers/profiles/ITextResolver.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface ITextResolver {
    event TextChanged(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        string indexed indexedKey,
        string key,
        string value
    );

    /**
     * Returns the text data associated with an ENS node and key.
     * @param node The ENS node to query.
     * @param key The text data key to query.
     * @return The associated text data.
     */
    function text(
        bytes32 node,
        string calldata key
    ) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: contracts/reverseRegistrar/IReverseRegistrar.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

interface IReverseRegistrar {
    function setDefaultResolver(address resolver) external;

    function claim(address owner) external returns (bytes32);

    function claimForAddr(
        address addr,
        address owner,
        address resolver
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function claimWithResolver(
        address owner,
        address resolver
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function setName(string memory name) external returns (bytes32);

    function setNameForAddr(
        address addr,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        string memory name
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function node(address addr) external pure returns (bytes32);
}

// File: contracts/reverseRegistrar/ReverseClaimer.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.17 <0.9.0;

import {ENS} from "../registry/ENS.sol";
import {IReverseRegistrar} from "../reverseRegistrar/IReverseRegistrar.sol";

contract ReverseClaimer {
    bytes32 constant ADDR_REVERSE_NODE =
        0x91d1777781884d03a6757a803996e38de2a42967fb37eeaca72729271025a9e2;

    constructor(ENS ens, address claimant) {
        IReverseRegistrar reverseRegistrar = IReverseRegistrar(
            ens.owner(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE)
        );
        reverseRegistrar.claim(claimant);
    }
}

// File: contracts/reverseRegistrar/ReverseRegistrar.sol



pragma solidity >=0.8.4;

import "../registry/ENS.sol";
import "./IReverseRegistrar.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "../root/Controllable.sol";

abstract contract NameResolver {
    function setName(bytes32 node, string memory name) public virtual;
}

bytes32 constant lookup = 0x3031323334353637383961626364656600000000000000000000000000000000;

bytes32 constant ADDR_REVERSE_NODE = 0x91d1777781884d03a6757a803996e38de2a42967fb37eeaca72729271025a9e2;

// namehash('addr.reverse')

contract ReverseRegistrar is Ownable, Controllable, IReverseRegistrar {
    ENS public immutable ens;
    NameResolver public defaultResolver;

    event ReverseClaimed(address indexed addr, bytes32 indexed node);
    event DefaultResolverChanged(NameResolver indexed resolver);

    /**
     * @dev Constructor
     * @param ensAddr The address of the ENS registry.
     */
    constructor(ENS ensAddr) {
        ens = ensAddr;

        // Assign ownership of the reverse record to our deployer
        ReverseRegistrar oldRegistrar = ReverseRegistrar(
            ensAddr.owner(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE)
        );
        if (address(oldRegistrar) != address(0x0)) {
            oldRegistrar.claim(msg.sender);
        }
    }

    modifier authorised(address addr) {
        require(
            addr == msg.sender ||
                controllers[msg.sender] ||
                ens.isApprovedForAll(addr, msg.sender) ||
                ownsContract(addr),
            "ReverseRegistrar: Caller is not a controller or authorised by address or the address itself"
        );
        _;
    }

    function setDefaultResolver(address resolver) public override onlyOwner {
        require(
            address(resolver) != address(0),
            "ReverseRegistrar: Resolver address must not be 0"
        );
        defaultResolver = NameResolver(resolver);
        emit DefaultResolverChanged(NameResolver(resolver));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the reverse ENS record associated with the
     *      calling account.
     * @param owner The address to set as the owner of the reverse record in ENS.
     * @return The ENS node hash of the reverse record.
     */
    function claim(address owner) public override returns (bytes32) {
        return claimForAddr(msg.sender, owner, address(defaultResolver));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the reverse ENS record associated with the
     *      calling account.
     * @param addr The reverse record to set
     * @param owner The address to set as the owner of the reverse record in ENS.
     * @param resolver The resolver of the reverse node
     * @return The ENS node hash of the reverse record.
     */
    function claimForAddr(
        address addr,
        address owner,
        address resolver
    ) public override authorised(addr) returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 labelHash = sha3HexAddress(addr);
        bytes32 reverseNode = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE, labelHash)
        );
        emit ReverseClaimed(addr, reverseNode);
        ens.setSubnodeRecord(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE, labelHash, owner, resolver, 0);
        return reverseNode;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the reverse ENS record associated with the
     *      calling account.
     * @param owner The address to set as the owner of the reverse record in ENS.
     * @param resolver The address of the resolver to set; 0 to leave unchanged.
     * @return The ENS node hash of the reverse record.
     */
    function claimWithResolver(
        address owner,
        address resolver
    ) public override returns (bytes32) {
        return claimForAddr(msg.sender, owner, resolver);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the `name()` record for the reverse ENS record associated with
     * the calling account. First updates the resolver to the default reverse
     * resolver if necessary.
     * @param name The name to set for this address.
     * @return The ENS node hash of the reverse record.
     */
    function setName(string memory name) public override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            setNameForAddr(
                msg.sender,
                msg.sender,
                address(defaultResolver),
                name
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the `name()` record for the reverse ENS record associated with
     * the account provided. Updates the resolver to a designated resolver
     * Only callable by controllers and authorised users
     * @param addr The reverse record to set
     * @param owner The owner of the reverse node
     * @param resolver The resolver of the reverse node
     * @param name The name to set for this address.
     * @return The ENS node hash of the reverse record.
     */
    function setNameForAddr(
        address addr,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        string memory name
    ) public override returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 node = claimForAddr(addr, owner, resolver);
        NameResolver(resolver).setName(node, name);
        return node;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the node hash for a given account's reverse records.
     * @param addr The address to hash
     * @return The ENS node hash.
     */
    function node(address addr) public pure override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(ADDR_REVERSE_NODE, sha3HexAddress(addr))
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev An optimised function to compute the sha3 of the lower-case
     *      hexadecimal representation of an Ethereum address.
     * @param addr The address to hash
     * @return ret The SHA3 hash of the lower-case hexadecimal encoding of the
     *         input address.
     */
    function sha3HexAddress(address addr) private pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
        assembly {
            for {
                let i := 40
            } gt(i, 0) {

            } {
                i := sub(i, 1)
                mstore8(i, byte(and(addr, 0xf), lookup))
                addr := div(addr, 0x10)
                i := sub(i, 1)
                mstore8(i, byte(and(addr, 0xf), lookup))
                addr := div(addr, 0x10)
            }

            ret := keccak256(0, 40)
        }
    }

    function ownsContract(address addr) internal view returns (bool) {
        try Ownable(addr).owner() returns (address owner) {
            return owner == msg.sender;
        } catch {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

// File: contracts/root/Controllable.sol



pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract Controllable is Ownable {
    mapping(address => bool) public controllers;

    event ControllerChanged(address indexed controller, bool enabled);

    modifier onlyController() {
        require(
            controllers[msg.sender],
            "Controllable: Caller is not a controller"
        );
        _;
    }

    function setController(address controller, bool enabled) public onlyOwner {
        controllers[controller] = enabled;
        emit ControllerChanged(controller, enabled);
    }
}

// File: contracts/utils/ERC20Recoverable.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.17 <0.9.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

/**
    @notice Contract is used to recover ERC20 tokens sent to the contract by mistake.
 */

contract ERC20Recoverable is Ownable {
    /**
    @notice Recover ERC20 tokens sent to the contract by mistake.
    @dev The contract is Ownable and only the owner can call the recover function.
    @param _to The address to send the tokens to.
@param _token The address of the ERC20 token to recover
    @param _amount The amount of tokens to recover.
 */
    function recoverFunds(
        address _token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external onlyOwner {
        IERC20(_token).transfer(_to, _amount);
    }
}

// File: contracts/wrapper/IMetadataService.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

interface IMetadataService {
    function uri(uint256) external view returns (string memory);
}

// File: contracts/wrapper/INameWrapper.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

import "../registry/ENS.sol";
import "../ethregistrar/IBaseRegistrar.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/IERC1155.sol";
import "./IMetadataService.sol";
import "./INameWrapperUpgrade.sol";

uint32 constant CANNOT_UNWRAP = 1;
uint32 constant CANNOT_BURN_FUSES = 2;
uint32 constant CANNOT_TRANSFER = 4;
uint32 constant CANNOT_SET_RESOLVER = 8;
uint32 constant CANNOT_SET_TTL = 16;
uint32 constant CANNOT_CREATE_SUBDOMAIN = 32;
uint32 constant CANNOT_APPROVE = 64;
//uint16 reserved for parent controlled fuses from bit 17 to bit 32
uint32 constant PARENT_CANNOT_CONTROL = 1 << 16;
uint32 constant IS_DOT_ETH = 1 << 17;
uint32 constant CAN_EXTEND_EXPIRY = 1 << 18;
uint32 constant CAN_DO_EVERYTHING = 0;
uint32 constant PARENT_CONTROLLED_FUSES = 0xFFFF0000;
// all fuses apart from IS_DOT_ETH
uint32 constant USER_SETTABLE_FUSES = 0xFFFDFFFF;

interface INameWrapper is IERC1155 {
    event NameWrapped(
        bytes32 indexed node,
        bytes name,
        address owner,
        uint32 fuses,
        uint64 expiry
    );

    event NameUnwrapped(bytes32 indexed node, address owner);

    event FusesSet(bytes32 indexed node, uint32 fuses);
    event ExpiryExtended(bytes32 indexed node, uint64 expiry);

    function ens() external view returns (ENS);

    function registrar() external view returns (IBaseRegistrar);

    function metadataService() external view returns (IMetadataService);

    function names(bytes32) external view returns (bytes memory);

    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    function upgradeContract() external view returns (INameWrapperUpgrade);

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) external view returns (bool);

    function wrap(
        bytes calldata name,
        address wrappedOwner,
        address resolver
    ) external;

    function wrapETH2LD(
        string calldata label,
        address wrappedOwner,
        uint16 ownerControlledFuses,
        address resolver
    ) external returns (uint64 expires);

    function registerAndWrapETH2LD(
        string calldata label,
        address wrappedOwner,
        uint256 duration,
        address resolver,
        uint16 ownerControlledFuses
    ) external returns (uint256 registrarExpiry);

    function renew(
        uint256 labelHash,
        uint256 duration
    ) external returns (uint256 expires);

    function unwrap(bytes32 node, bytes32 label, address owner) external;

    function unwrapETH2LD(
        bytes32 label,
        address newRegistrant,
        address newController
    ) external;

    function upgrade(bytes calldata name, bytes calldata extraData) external;

    function setFuses(
        bytes32 node,
        uint16 ownerControlledFuses
    ) external returns (uint32 newFuses);

    function setChildFuses(
        bytes32 parentNode,
        bytes32 labelhash,
        uint32 fuses,
        uint64 expiry
    ) external;

    function setSubnodeRecord(
        bytes32 node,
        string calldata label,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        uint64 ttl,
        uint32 fuses,
        uint64 expiry
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function setRecord(
        bytes32 node,
        address owner,
        address resolver,
        uint64 ttl
    ) external;

    function setSubnodeOwner(
        bytes32 node,
        string calldata label,
        address newOwner,
        uint32 fuses,
        uint64 expiry
    ) external returns (bytes32);

    function extendExpiry(
        bytes32 node,
        bytes32 labelhash,
        uint64 expiry
    ) external returns (uint64);

    function canModifyName(
        bytes32 node,
        address addr
    ) external view returns (bool);

    function setResolver(bytes32 node, address resolver) external;

    function setTTL(bytes32 node, uint64 ttl) external;

    function ownerOf(uint256 id) external view returns (address owner);

    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address);

    function getData(
        uint256 id
    ) external view returns (address, uint32, uint64);

    function setMetadataService(IMetadataService _metadataService) external;

    function uri(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

    function setUpgradeContract(INameWrapperUpgrade _upgradeAddress) external;

    function allFusesBurned(
        bytes32 node,
        uint32 fuseMask
    ) external view returns (bool);

    function isWrapped(bytes32) external view returns (bool);

    function isWrapped(bytes32, bytes32) external view returns (bool);
}

// File: contracts/wrapper/INameWrapperUpgrade.sol



//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ~0.8.17;

interface INameWrapperUpgrade {
    function wrapFromUpgrade(
        bytes calldata name,
        address wrappedOwner,
        uint32 fuses,
        uint64 expiry,
        address approved,
        bytes calldata extraData
    ) external;
}