// File: contracts/protocol/configuration/LendingPoolAddressesProvider.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

import {Ownable} from '../../dependencies/openzeppelin/contracts/Ownable.sol';

// Prettier ignore to prevent buidler flatter bug
// prettier-ignore
import {InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy} from '../libraries/aave-upgradeability/InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol';

import {ILendingPoolAddressesProvider} from '../../interfaces/ILendingPoolAddressesProvider.sol';

/**
 * @title LendingPoolAddressesProvider contract
 * @dev Main registry of addresses part of or connected to the protocol, including permissioned roles
 * - Acting also as factory of proxies and admin of those, so with right to change its implementations
 * - Owned by the Aave Governance
 * @author Aave
 **/
contract LendingPoolAddressesProvider is Ownable, ILendingPoolAddressesProvider {
  string private _marketId;
  mapping(bytes32 => address) private _addresses;

  bytes32 private constant LENDING_POOL = 'LENDING_POOL';
  bytes32 private constant LENDING_POOL_CONFIGURATOR = 'LENDING_POOL_CONFIGURATOR';
  bytes32 private constant POOL_ADMIN = 'POOL_ADMIN';
  bytes32 private constant EMERGENCY_ADMIN = 'EMERGENCY_ADMIN';
  bytes32 private constant LENDING_POOL_COLLATERAL_MANAGER = 'COLLATERAL_MANAGER';
  bytes32 private constant PRICE_ORACLE = 'PRICE_ORACLE';
  bytes32 private constant LENDING_RATE_ORACLE = 'LENDING_RATE_ORACLE';

  constructor(string memory marketId) public {
    _setMarketId(marketId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the id of the Aave market to which this contracts points to
   * @return The market id
   **/
  function getMarketId() external view override returns (string memory) {
    return _marketId;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows to set the market which this LendingPoolAddressesProvider represents
   * @param marketId The market id
   */
  function setMarketId(string memory marketId) external override onlyOwner {
    _setMarketId(marketId);
  }

  /**
   * @dev General function to update the implementation of a proxy registered with
   * certain `id`. If there is no proxy registered, it will instantiate one and
   * set as implementation the `implementationAddress`
   * IMPORTANT Use this function carefully, only for ids that don't have an explicit
   * setter function, in order to avoid unexpected consequences
   * @param id The id
   * @param implementationAddress The address of the new implementation
   */
  function setAddressAsProxy(bytes32 id, address implementationAddress)
    external
    override
    onlyOwner
  {
    _updateImpl(id, implementationAddress);
    emit AddressSet(id, implementationAddress, true);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets an address for an id replacing the address saved in the addresses map
   * IMPORTANT Use this function carefully, as it will do a hard replacement
   * @param id The id
   * @param newAddress The address to set
   */
  function setAddress(bytes32 id, address newAddress) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[id] = newAddress;
    emit AddressSet(id, newAddress, false);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns an address by id
   * @return The address
   */
  function getAddress(bytes32 id) public view override returns (address) {
    return _addresses[id];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address of the LendingPool proxy
   * @return The LendingPool proxy address
   **/
  function getLendingPool() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(LENDING_POOL);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Updates the implementation of the LendingPool, or creates the proxy
   * setting the new `pool` implementation on the first time calling it
   * @param pool The new LendingPool implementation
   **/
  function setLendingPoolImpl(address pool) external override onlyOwner {
    _updateImpl(LENDING_POOL, pool);
    emit LendingPoolUpdated(pool);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address of the LendingPoolConfigurator proxy
   * @return The LendingPoolConfigurator proxy address
   **/
  function getLendingPoolConfigurator() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(LENDING_POOL_CONFIGURATOR);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Updates the implementation of the LendingPoolConfigurator, or creates the proxy
   * setting the new `configurator` implementation on the first time calling it
   * @param configurator The new LendingPoolConfigurator implementation
   **/
  function setLendingPoolConfiguratorImpl(address configurator) external override onlyOwner {
    _updateImpl(LENDING_POOL_CONFIGURATOR, configurator);
    emit LendingPoolConfiguratorUpdated(configurator);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the address of the LendingPoolCollateralManager. Since the manager is used
   * through delegateCall within the LendingPool contract, the proxy contract pattern does not work properly hence
   * the addresses are changed directly
   * @return The address of the LendingPoolCollateralManager
   **/

  function getLendingPoolCollateralManager() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(LENDING_POOL_COLLATERAL_MANAGER);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Updates the address of the LendingPoolCollateralManager
   * @param manager The new LendingPoolCollateralManager address
   **/
  function setLendingPoolCollateralManager(address manager) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[LENDING_POOL_COLLATERAL_MANAGER] = manager;
    emit LendingPoolCollateralManagerUpdated(manager);
  }

  /**
   * @dev The functions below are getters/setters of addresses that are outside the context
   * of the protocol hence the upgradable proxy pattern is not used
   **/

  function getPoolAdmin() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(POOL_ADMIN);
  }

  function setPoolAdmin(address admin) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[POOL_ADMIN] = admin;
    emit ConfigurationAdminUpdated(admin);
  }

  function getEmergencyAdmin() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(EMERGENCY_ADMIN);
  }

  function setEmergencyAdmin(address emergencyAdmin) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[EMERGENCY_ADMIN] = emergencyAdmin;
    emit EmergencyAdminUpdated(emergencyAdmin);
  }

  function getPriceOracle() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(PRICE_ORACLE);
  }

  function setPriceOracle(address priceOracle) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[PRICE_ORACLE] = priceOracle;
    emit PriceOracleUpdated(priceOracle);
  }

  function getLendingRateOracle() external view override returns (address) {
    return getAddress(LENDING_RATE_ORACLE);
  }

  function setLendingRateOracle(address lendingRateOracle) external override onlyOwner {
    _addresses[LENDING_RATE_ORACLE] = lendingRateOracle;
    emit LendingRateOracleUpdated(lendingRateOracle);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Internal function to update the implementation of a specific proxied component of the protocol
   * - If there is no proxy registered in the given `id`, it creates the proxy setting `newAdress`
   *   as implementation and calls the initialize() function on the proxy
   * - If there is already a proxy registered, it just updates the implementation to `newAddress` and
   *   calls the initialize() function via upgradeToAndCall() in the proxy
   * @param id The id of the proxy to be updated
   * @param newAddress The address of the new implementation
   **/
  function _updateImpl(bytes32 id, address newAddress) internal {
    address payable proxyAddress = payable(_addresses[id]);

    InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy proxy =
      InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy(proxyAddress);
    bytes memory params = abi.encodeWithSignature('initialize(address)', address(this));

    if (proxyAddress == address(0)) {
      proxy = new InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy(address(this));
      proxy.initialize(newAddress, params);
      _addresses[id] = address(proxy);
      emit ProxyCreated(id, address(proxy));
    } else {
      proxy.upgradeToAndCall(newAddress, params);
    }
  }

  function _setMarketId(string memory marketId) internal {
    _marketId = marketId;
    emit MarketIdSet(marketId);
  }
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/contracts/Ownable.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// File: contracts/protocol/libraries/aave-upgradeability/InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

import './BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol';
import '../../../dependencies/openzeppelin/upgradeability/InitializableUpgradeabilityProxy.sol';

/**
 * @title InitializableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev Extends BaseAdminUpgradeabilityProxy with an initializer function
 */
contract InitializableImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy is
  BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy,
  InitializableUpgradeabilityProxy
{
  constructor(address admin) public BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy(admin) {}

  /**
   * @dev Only fall back when the sender is not the admin.
   */
  function _willFallback() internal override(BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy, Proxy) {
    BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy._willFallback();
  }
}

// File: contracts/interfaces/ILendingPoolAddressesProvider.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

/**
 * @title LendingPoolAddressesProvider contract
 * @dev Main registry of addresses part of or connected to the protocol, including permissioned roles
 * - Acting also as factory of proxies and admin of those, so with right to change its implementations
 * - Owned by the Aave Governance
 * @author Aave
 **/
interface ILendingPoolAddressesProvider {
  event MarketIdSet(string newMarketId);
  event LendingPoolUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event ConfigurationAdminUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event EmergencyAdminUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event LendingPoolConfiguratorUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event LendingPoolCollateralManagerUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event PriceOracleUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event LendingRateOracleUpdated(address indexed newAddress);
  event ProxyCreated(bytes32 id, address indexed newAddress);
  event AddressSet(bytes32 id, address indexed newAddress, bool hasProxy);

  function getMarketId() external view returns (string memory);

  function setMarketId(string calldata marketId) external;

  function setAddress(bytes32 id, address newAddress) external;

  function setAddressAsProxy(bytes32 id, address impl) external;

  function getAddress(bytes32 id) external view returns (address);

  function getLendingPool() external view returns (address);

  function setLendingPoolImpl(address pool) external;

  function getLendingPoolConfigurator() external view returns (address);

  function setLendingPoolConfiguratorImpl(address configurator) external;

  function getLendingPoolCollateralManager() external view returns (address);

  function setLendingPoolCollateralManager(address manager) external;

  function getPoolAdmin() external view returns (address);

  function setPoolAdmin(address admin) external;

  function getEmergencyAdmin() external view returns (address);

  function setEmergencyAdmin(address admin) external;

  function getPriceOracle() external view returns (address);

  function setPriceOracle(address priceOracle) external;

  function getLendingRateOracle() external view returns (address);

  function setLendingRateOracle(address lendingRateOracle) external;
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/contracts/Context.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// File: contracts/protocol/libraries/aave-upgradeability/BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

import '../../../dependencies/openzeppelin/upgradeability/BaseUpgradeabilityProxy.sol';

/**
 * @title BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @author Aave, inspired by the OpenZeppelin upgradeability proxy pattern
 * @dev This contract combines an upgradeability proxy with an authorization
 * mechanism for administrative tasks. The admin role is stored in an immutable, which
 * helps saving transactions costs
 * All external functions in this contract must be guarded by the
 * `ifAdmin` modifier. See ethereum/solidity#3864 for a Solidity
 * feature proposal that would enable this to be done automatically.
 */
contract BaseImmutableAdminUpgradeabilityProxy is BaseUpgradeabilityProxy {
  address immutable ADMIN;

  constructor(address admin) public {
    ADMIN = admin;
  }

  modifier ifAdmin() {
    if (msg.sender == ADMIN) {
      _;
    } else {
      _fallback();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return The address of the proxy admin.
   */
  function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address) {
    return ADMIN;
  }

  /**
   * @return The address of the implementation.
   */
  function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address) {
    return _implementation();
  }

  /**
   * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy.
   * Only the admin can call this function.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
    _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy and call a function
   * on the new implementation.
   * This is useful to initialize the proxied contract.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   * @param data Data to send as msg.data in the low level call.
   * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in
   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding.
   */
  function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data)
    external
    payable
    ifAdmin
  {
    _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
    (bool success, ) = newImplementation.delegatecall(data);
    require(success);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Only fall back when the sender is not the admin.
   */
  function _willFallback() internal virtual override {
    require(msg.sender != ADMIN, 'Cannot call fallback function from the proxy admin');
    super._willFallback();
  }
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/upgradeability/InitializableUpgradeabilityProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

import './BaseUpgradeabilityProxy.sol';

/**
 * @title InitializableUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev Extends BaseUpgradeabilityProxy with an initializer for initializing
 * implementation and init data.
 */
contract InitializableUpgradeabilityProxy is BaseUpgradeabilityProxy {
  /**
   * @dev Contract initializer.
   * @param _logic Address of the initial implementation.
   * @param _data Data to send as msg.data to the implementation to initialize the proxied contract.
   * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in
   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding.
   * This parameter is optional, if no data is given the initialization call to proxied contract will be skipped.
   */
  function initialize(address _logic, bytes memory _data) public payable {
    require(_implementation() == address(0));
    assert(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1));
    _setImplementation(_logic);
    if (_data.length > 0) {
      (bool success, ) = _logic.delegatecall(_data);
      require(success);
    }
  }
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/upgradeability/BaseUpgradeabilityProxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

import './Proxy.sol';
import '../contracts/Address.sol';

/**
 * @title BaseUpgradeabilityProxy
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that allows to change the
 * implementation address to which it will delegate.
 * Such a change is called an implementation upgrade.
 */
contract BaseUpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy {
  /**
   * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
   * @param implementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

  /**
   * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
   * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
   * validated in the constructor.
   */
  bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT =
    0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

  /**
   * @dev Returns the current implementation.
   * @return impl Address of the current implementation
   */
  function _implementation() internal view override returns (address impl) {
    bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    //solium-disable-next-line
    assembly {
      impl := sload(slot)
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
    emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Sets the implementation address of the proxy.
   * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
   */
  function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
    require(
      Address.isContract(newImplementation),
      'Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address'
    );

    bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;

    //solium-disable-next-line
    assembly {
      sstore(slot, newImplementation)
    }
  }
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/upgradeability/Proxy.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: agpl-3.0
pragma solidity 0.8.11;

/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @dev Implements delegation of calls to other contracts, with proper
 * forwarding of return values and bubbling of failures.
 * It defines a fallback function that delegates all calls to the address
 * returned by the abstract _implementation() internal function.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
  /**
   * @dev Fallback function.
   * Will run if no other function in the contract matches the call data.
   * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`.
   */
  fallback() external payable {
    _fallback();
  }

  /**
   * @return The Address of the implementation.
   */
  function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

  /**
   * @dev Delegates execution to an implementation contract.
   * This is a low level function that doesn't return to its internal call site.
   * It will return to the external caller whatever the implementation returns.
   * @param implementation Address to delegate.
   */
  function _delegate(address implementation) internal {
    //solium-disable-next-line
    assembly {
      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

      // Call the implementation.
      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

      // Copy the returned data.
      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

      switch result
      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
      case 0 {
        revert(0, returndatasize())
      }
      default {
        return(0, returndatasize())
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function that is run as the first thing in the fallback function.
   * Can be redefined in derived contracts to add functionality.
   * Redefinitions must call super._willFallback().
   */
  function _willFallback() internal virtual {}

  /**
   * @dev fallback implementation.
   * Extracted to enable manual triggering.
   */
  function _fallback() internal {
    _willFallback();
    _delegate(_implementation());
  }
}

// File: contracts/dependencies/openzeppelin/contracts/Address.sol



// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.0 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}