//! By Parity Technologies, 2017.
//! Released under the Apache Licence 2.

pragma solidity ^0.4.15;

// ECR20 standard token interface
contract Token {
	event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
	event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

	function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint256 balance);
	function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
	function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
	function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
	function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint256 remaining);
}

// Owner-specific contract interface
contract Owned {
	event NewOwner(address indexed old, address indexed current);

	modifier only_owner {
		require (msg.sender == owner);
		_;
	}

	address public owner = msg.sender;

	function setOwner(address _new) only_owner {
		NewOwner(owner, _new);
		owner = _new;
	}
}

/// Stripped down certifier interface.
contract Certifier {
	function certified(address _who) constant returns (bool);
}

// BasicCoin, ECR20 tokens that all belong to the owner for sending around
contract AmberToken is Token, Owned {
	struct Account {
		// Balance is always less than or equal totalSupply since totalSupply is increased straight away of when releasing locked tokens.
		uint balance;
		mapping (address => uint) allowanceOf;

		// TokensPerPhase is always less than or equal to totalSupply since anything added to it is UNLOCK_PHASES times lower than added to totalSupply.
		uint tokensPerPhase;
		uint nextPhase;
	}

	event Minted(address indexed who, uint value);
	event MintedLocked(address indexed who, uint value);

	function AmberToken() {}

	// Mint a certain number of tokens.
	// _value has to be bounded not to overflow.
	function mint(address _who, uint _value)
		only_owner
		public
	{
		accounts[_who].balance += _value;
		totalSupply += _value;
		Minted(_who, _value);
	}

	// Mint a certain number of tokens that are locked up.
	// _value has to be bounded not to overflow.
	function mintLocked(address _who, uint _value)
		only_owner
		public
	{
		accounts[_who].tokensPerPhase += _value / UNLOCK_PHASES;
		totalSupply += _value;
		MintedLocked(_who, _value);
	}

	/// Finalise any minting operations. Resets the owner and causes normal tokens
	/// to be liquid. Also begins the countdown for locked-up tokens.
	function finalise()
		only_owner
		public
	{
		locked = false;
		owner = 0;
		phaseStart = now;
	}

	/// Return the current unlock-phase. Won't work until after the contract
	/// has `finalise()` called.
	function currentPhase()
		public
		constant
		returns (uint)
	{
		require (phaseStart > 0);
		uint p = (now - phaseStart) / PHASE_DURATION;
		return p > UNLOCK_PHASES ? UNLOCK_PHASES : p;
	}

	/// Unlock any now freeable tokens that are locked up for account `_who`.
	function unlockTokens(address _who)
		public
	{
		uint phase = currentPhase();
		uint tokens = accounts[_who].tokensPerPhase;
		uint nextPhase = accounts[_who].nextPhase;
		if (tokens > 0 && phase > nextPhase) {
			accounts[_who].balance += tokens * (phase - nextPhase);
			accounts[_who].nextPhase = phase;
		}
	}

	// Transfer tokens between accounts.
	function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value)
		when_owns(msg.sender, _value)
		when_liquid
		returns (bool)
	{
		Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
		accounts[msg.sender].balance -= _value;
		accounts[_to].balance += _value;

		return true;
	}

	// Transfer via allowance.
	function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value)
		when_owns(_from, _value)
		when_has_allowance(_from, msg.sender, _value)
		when_liquid
		returns (bool)
	{
		Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
		accounts[_from].allowanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value;
		accounts[_from].balance -= _value;
		accounts[_to].balance += _value;

		return true;
	}

	// Approve allowances
	function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value)
		when_liquid
		returns (bool)
	{
		// Mitigate the race condition described here:
		// https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
		require (_value == 0 || accounts[msg.sender].allowanceOf[_spender] == 0);
		Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
		accounts[msg.sender].allowanceOf[_spender] = _value;

		return true;
	}

	// Get the balance of a specific address.
	function balanceOf(address _who) constant returns (uint256) {
		return accounts[_who].balance;
	}

	// Available allowance
	function allowance(address _owner, address _spender)
		constant
		returns (uint256)
	{
		return accounts[_owner].allowanceOf[_spender];
	}

	// The balance should be available
	modifier when_owns(address _owner, uint _amount) {
		require (accounts[_owner].balance >= _amount);
		_;
	}

	// An allowance should be available
	modifier when_has_allowance(address _owner, address _spender, uint _amount) {
		require (accounts[_owner].allowanceOf[_spender] >= _amount);
		_;
	}

	// Tokens must not be locked.
	modifier when_liquid {
		require (!locked);
		_;
	}

	/// Usual token descriptors.
	string constant public name = "Amber Token";
	uint8 constant public decimals = 18;
	string constant public symbol = "AMB";

	// Are the tokens non-transferrable?
	bool public locked = true;

	// Phase information for slow-release tokens.
	uint public phaseStart = 0;
	uint public constant PHASE_DURATION = 180 days;
	uint public constant UNLOCK_PHASES = 4;

	// available token supply
	uint public totalSupply;

	// storage and mapping of all balances & allowances
	mapping (address => Account) accounts;
}

/// Will accept Ether "contributions" and record each both as a log and in a
/// queryable record.
contract AmbrosusSale {
	/// Constructor.
	function AmbrosusSale() {
		tokens = new AmberToken();
	}

	// Can only be called by the administrator.
	modifier only_admin { require (msg.sender == ADMINISTRATOR); _; }
	// Can only be called by the prepurchaser.
	modifier only_prepurchaser { require (msg.sender == PREPURCHASER); _; }

	// The transaction params are valid for buying in.
	modifier is_valid_buyin { require (tx.gasprice <= MAX_BUYIN_GAS_PRICE && msg.value >= MIN_BUYIN_VALUE); _; }
	// Requires the hard cap to be respected given the desired amount for `buyin`.
	modifier is_under_cap_with(uint buyin) { require (buyin + saleRevenue <= MAX_REVENUE); _; }
	// Requires sender to be certified.
	modifier only_certified(address who) { require (CERTIFIER.certified(who)); _; }

	/*
		Sale life cycle:
		1. Not yet started.
		2. Started, further purchases possible.
			a. Normal operation (next step can be 2b or 3)
			b. Paused (next step can be 2a or 3)
		3. Complete (equivalent to Allocation Lifecycle 2 & 3).
	*/

	// Can only be called by prior to the period (1).
	modifier only_before_period { require (now < BEGIN_TIME); _; }
	// Can only be called during the period when not paused (2a).
	modifier only_during_period { require (now >= BEGIN_TIME && now < END_TIME && !isPaused); _; }
	// Can only be called during the period when paused (2b)
	modifier only_during_paused_period { require (now >= BEGIN_TIME && now < END_TIME && isPaused); _; }
	// Can only be called after the period (3).
	modifier only_after_sale { require (now >= END_TIME || saleRevenue >= MAX_REVENUE); _; }

	/*
		Allocation life cycle:
		1. Uninitialised (sale not yet started/ended, equivalent to Sale Lifecycle 1 & 2).
		2. Initialised, not yet completed (further allocations possible).
		3. Completed (no further allocations possible).
	*/

	// Only when allocations have not yet been initialised (1).
	modifier when_allocations_uninitialised { require (!allocationsInitialised); _; }
	// Only when sufficient allocations remain for making this liquid allocation (2).
	modifier when_allocatable_liquid(uint amount) { require (liquidAllocatable >= amount); _; }
	// Only when sufficient allocations remain for making this locked allocation (2).
	modifier when_allocatable_locked(uint amount) { require (lockedAllocatable >= amount); _; }
	// Only when no further allocations are possible (3).
	modifier when_allocations_complete { require (allocationsInitialised && liquidAllocatable == 0 && lockedAllocatable == 0); _; }

	/// Note a pre-ICO sale.
	event Prepurchased(address indexed recipient, uint etherPaid, uint amberSold);
	/// Some contribution `amount` received from `recipient`.
	event Purchased(address indexed recipient, uint amount);
	/// Some contribution `amount` received from `recipient`.
	event SpecialPurchased(address indexed recipient, uint etherPaid, uint amberSold);
	/// Period paused abnormally.
	event Paused();
	/// Period restarted after abnormal halt.
	event Unpaused();
	/// Some contribution `amount` received from `recipient`.
	event Allocated(address indexed recipient, uint amount, bool liquid);

	/// Note a prepurchase that has already happened.
	/// Up to owner to ensure that values do not overflow.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !sale_started
	/// Writes {Tokens, Sale}
	function notePrepurchase(address _who, uint _etherPaid, uint _amberSold)
		only_prepurchaser
		only_before_period
		public
	{
		// Admin ensures bounded value.
		tokens.mint(_who, _amberSold);
		saleRevenue += _etherPaid;
		totalSold += _amberSold;
		Prepurchased(_who, _etherPaid, _amberSold);
	}

	/// Make a purchase from a privileged account. No KYC is required and a
	/// preferential buyin rate may be given.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !paused, sale_ongoing
	/// Postconditions: !paused, ?!sale_ongoing
	/// Writes {Tokens, Sale}
	function specialPurchase()
		only_before_period
		is_under_cap_with(msg.value)
		payable
		public
	{
		uint256 bought = buyinReturn(msg.sender) * msg.value;
		require (bought > 0);   // be kind and don't punish the idiots.

		// Bounded value, see STANDARD_BUYIN.
		tokens.mint(msg.sender, bought);
		TREASURY.transfer(msg.value);
		saleRevenue += msg.value;
		totalSold += bought;
		SpecialPurchased(msg.sender, msg.value, bought);
   }

	/// Let sender make a purchase to their account.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !paused, sale_ongoing
	/// Postconditions: ?!sale_ongoing
	/// Writes {Tokens, Sale}
	function ()
		only_certified(msg.sender)
		payable
		public
	{
		processPurchase(msg.sender);
	}

	/// Let sender make a standard purchase; AMB goes into another account.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !paused, sale_ongoing
	/// Postconditions: ?!sale_ongoing
	/// Writes {Tokens, Sale}
	function purchaseTo(address _recipient)
		only_certified(msg.sender)
		payable
		public
	{
		processPurchase(_recipient);
	}

	/// Receive a contribution from `_recipient`.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !paused, sale_ongoing
	/// Postconditions: ?!sale_ongoing
	/// Writes {Tokens, Sale}
	function processPurchase(address _recipient)
		only_during_period
		is_valid_buyin
		is_under_cap_with(msg.value)
		private
	{
		// Bounded value, see STANDARD_BUYIN.
		tokens.mint(_recipient, msg.value * STANDARD_BUYIN);
		TREASURY.transfer(msg.value);
		saleRevenue += msg.value;
		totalSold += msg.value * STANDARD_BUYIN;
		Purchased(_recipient, msg.value);
	}

	/// Determine purchase price for a given address.
	function buyinReturn(address _who)
		constant
		public
		returns (uint)
	{
		// Chinese exchanges.
		if (
			_who == CHINESE_EXCHANGE_1 || _who == CHINESE_EXCHANGE_2 ||
			_who == CHINESE_EXCHANGE_3 || _who == CHINESE_EXCHANGE_4
		)
			return CHINESE_EXCHANGE_BUYIN;

		// BTCSuisse tier 1
		if (_who == BTC_SUISSE_TIER_1)
			return STANDARD_BUYIN;
		// BTCSuisse tier 2
		if (_who == BTC_SUISSE_TIER_2)
			return TIER_2_BUYIN;
		// BTCSuisse tier 3
		if (_who == BTC_SUISSE_TIER_3)
			return TIER_3_BUYIN;
		// BTCSuisse tier 4
		if (_who == BTC_SUISSE_TIER_4)
			return TIER_4_BUYIN;

		return 0;
	}

	/// Halt the contribution period. Any attempt at contributing will fail.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !paused, sale_ongoing
	/// Postconditions: paused
	/// Writes {Paused}
	function pause()
		only_admin
		only_during_period
		public
	{
		isPaused = true;
		Paused();
	}

	/// Unhalt the contribution period.
	///
	/// Preconditions: paused
	/// Postconditions: !paused
	/// Writes {Paused}
	function unpause()
		only_admin
		only_during_paused_period
		public
	{
		isPaused = false;
		Unpaused();
	}

	/// Called once by anybody after the sale ends.
	/// Initialises the specific values (i.e. absolute token quantities) of the
	/// allowed liquid/locked allocations.
	///
	/// Preconditions: !allocations_initialised
	/// Postconditions: allocations_initialised, !allocations_complete
	/// Writes {Allocations}
	function initialiseAllocations()
		public
		only_after_sale
		when_allocations_uninitialised
	{
		allocationsInitialised = true;
		liquidAllocatable = LIQUID_ALLOCATION_PPM * totalSold / SALES_ALLOCATION_PPM;
		lockedAllocatable = LOCKED_ALLOCATION_PPM * totalSold / SALES_ALLOCATION_PPM;
	}

	/// Preallocate a liquid portion of tokens.
	/// Admin may call this to allocate a share of the liquid tokens.
	/// Up to admin to ensure that value does not overflow.
	///
	/// Preconditions: allocations_initialised
	/// Postconditions: ?allocations_complete
	/// Writes {Allocations, Tokens}
	function allocateLiquid(address _who, uint _value)
		only_admin
		when_allocatable_liquid(_value)
		public
	{
		// Admin ensures bounded value.
		tokens.mint(_who, _value);
		liquidAllocatable -= _value;
		Allocated(_who, _value, true);
	}

	/// Preallocate a locked-up portion of tokens.
	/// Admin may call this to allocate a share of the locked tokens.
	/// Up to admin to ensure that value does not overflow and _value is divisible by UNLOCK_PHASES.
	///
	/// Preconditions: allocations_initialised
	/// Postconditions: ?allocations_complete
	/// Writes {Allocations, Tokens}
	function allocateLocked(address _who, uint _value)
		only_admin
		when_allocatable_locked(_value)
		public
	{
		// Admin ensures bounded value.
		tokens.mintLocked(_who, _value);
		lockedAllocatable -= _value;
		Allocated(_who, _value, false);
	}

	/// End of the sale and token allocation; retire this contract.
	/// Once called, no more tokens can be minted, basic tokens are now liquid.
	/// Anyone can call, but only once this contract can properly be retired.
	///
	/// Preconditions: allocations_complete
	/// Postconditions: liquid_tokens_transferable, this_is_dead
	/// Writes {Tokens}
	function finalise()
		when_allocations_complete
		public
	{
		tokens.finalise();
	}

	//////
	// STATE
	//////

	// How much is enough?
	uint public constant MIN_BUYIN_VALUE = 10000000000000000;
	// Max gas price for buyins.
	uint public constant MAX_BUYIN_GAS_PRICE = 25000000000;
	// The exposed hard cap.
	uint public constant MAX_REVENUE = 425203 ether;

	// The total share of tokens, expressed in PPM, allocated to pre-ICO and ICO.
	uint constant public SALES_ALLOCATION_PPM = 400000;
	// The total share of tokens, expressed in PPM, the admin may later allocate, as locked tokens.
	uint constant public LOCKED_ALLOCATION_PPM = 337000;
	// The total share of tokens, expressed in PPM, the admin may later allocate, as liquid tokens.
	uint constant public LIQUID_ALLOCATION_PPM = 263000;

	/// The certifier resource. TODO: set address
	Certifier public constant CERTIFIER = Certifier(0x7b1Ab331546F021A40bd4D09fFb802261CaACcc9);
	// Who can halt/unhalt/kill?
	address public constant ADMINISTRATOR = 0x11bF17B890a80080A8F9C1673D2951296a6F3D91;
	// Who can prepurchase?
	address public constant PREPURCHASER = 0x00C269e9D02188E39C9922386De631c6AED5b4d4;
	// Who gets the stash? Should not release funds during minting process.
	address public constant TREASURY = 0xB47aD434C6e401473F1d3442001Ac69cda1dcFDd;
	// When does the contribution period begin?
	uint public constant BEGIN_TIME = 1506096000;
	// How long does the sale last for?
	uint public constant DURATION = 30 days;
	// When does the period end?
	uint public constant END_TIME = BEGIN_TIME + DURATION;

	// The privileged buyin accounts.
	address public constant BTC_SUISSE_TIER_1 = 0x53B3D4f98fcb6f0920096fe1cCCa0E4327Da7a1D;
	address public constant BTC_SUISSE_TIER_2 = 0x642fDd12b1Dd27b9E19758F0AefC072dae7Ab996;
	address public constant BTC_SUISSE_TIER_3 = 0x64175446A1e3459c3E9D650ec26420BA90060d28;
	address public constant BTC_SUISSE_TIER_4 = 0xB17C2f9a057a2640309e41358a22Cf00f8B51626;
	address public constant CHINESE_EXCHANGE_1 = 0x36f548fAB37Fcd39cA8725B8fA214fcd784FE0A3;
	address public constant CHINESE_EXCHANGE_2 = 0x877Da872D223AB3D073Ab6f9B4bb27540E387C5F;
	address public constant CHINESE_EXCHANGE_3 = 0xCcC088ec38A4dbc15Ba269A176883F6ba302eD8d;
	// TODO: set address
	address public constant CHINESE_EXCHANGE_4 = 0;

	// Tokens per eth for the various buy-in rates.
	// 1e8 ETH in existence, means at most 1.5e11 issued.
	uint public constant STANDARD_BUYIN = 1000;
	uint public constant TIER_2_BUYIN = 1111;
	uint public constant TIER_3_BUYIN = 1250;
	uint public constant TIER_4_BUYIN = 1429;
	uint public constant CHINESE_EXCHANGE_BUYIN = 1087;

	//////
	// State Subset: Allocations
	//
	// Invariants:
	// !allocationsInitialised ||
	//   (liquidAllocatable + tokens.liquidAllocated) / LIQUID_ALLOCATION_PPM == totalSold / SALES_ALLOCATION_PPM &&
	//   (lockedAllocatable + tokens.lockedAllocated) / LOCKED_ALLOCATION_PPM == totalSold / SALES_ALLOCATION_PPM
	//
	// when_allocations_complete || (now < END_TIME && saleRevenue < MAX_REVENUE)

	// Have post-sale token allocations been initialised?
	bool public allocationsInitialised = false;
	// How many liquid tokens may yet be allocated?
	uint public liquidAllocatable;
	// How many locked tokens may yet be allocated?
	uint public lockedAllocatable;

	//////
	// State Subset: Sale
	//
	// Invariants:
	// saleRevenue <= MAX_REVENUE

	// Total amount raised in both presale and sale, in Wei.
	// Assuming TREASURY locks funds, so can not exceed total amount of Ether 1e8.
	uint public saleRevenue = 0;
	// Total amount minted in both presale and sale, in AMB * 10^-18.
	// Assuming the TREASURY locks funds, msg.value * STANDARD_BUYIN will be less than 1.5e11.
	uint public totalSold = 0;

	//////
	// State Subset: Tokens

	// The contract which gets called whenever anything is received.
	AmberToken public tokens;

	//////
	// State Subset: Pause

	// Are contributions abnormally paused?
	bool public isPaused = false;
}