APURVAASINHAAAA/SciEntsBank huggingface dataset:
Question: Cory and Rachael set up 3 solar water heaters to see which would show the greatest water temperature change. The containers are shown below. Each is the same height (4 centimeters), and the same width (10 centimeters). Only the lengths are different; Container A is 10 centimeters, Container B is 30 centimeters, and Container C is 40 centimeters. They painted the plastic containers black, filled each with the same amount of water, and put a clear plastic lid on each one. Then they set them out in the sunshine. Here are the data that Cory and Rachael collected: After 10 minutes Container A was 3 degrees Celsius, Container B was 9 degrees Celsius, and Container C was 12 degrees Celsius. Use the graph paper on the next page to graph the temperature change for each container. If Cory and Rachael had a container that was the same height and width as the other containers, but 20 centimeters long, what do you think the temperature change would be after 10 minutes? (6 Celsius) How did you decide what the temperature change would be for the new container?
Reference answer: 20 centimeters size is between 10 and 30 centimeters, so the temperature change must be less than the 30 centimeters container, but more than the 10 centimeters container. 6 degrees Celsius is halfway between.

Student answer: I looked at the graph and saw that if 10 centimeters was 3 then it might be 6 centimeters.

Student answer: I decided by looking at collector A's temperature at 10 minutes and doubled it.

Student answer: Because it was the highest one so C got hotter.

Student answer: Because almost all in the 10 minute time zone are in 3 degree intervals.
Question: Andi and Scott decided to investigate solar water heaters using collectors of different colors (but the same size) as one variable and covered versus uncovered as a second variable. Look at the graph of their data and answer the questions below. What does the graph tell you about the effect of using a cover?
Reference answer: Water heats up faster when covered.

Student answer: That the uncovered items are colder than the covered items.

Student answer: If the heater is covered the water is hotter faster.

Student answer: The covered container can conceal heat.

Student answer: That it maybe gets hotter than uncovered.
Question: Andi and Scott decided to investigate solar water heaters using collectors of different colors (but the same size) as one variable and covered versus uncovered as a second variable. Look at the graph of their data and answer the questions below. What does the graph tell you about the effect of using blue versus red collectors?
Reference answer: Solar water heaters with blue collectors heat up faster than solar water heaters with red collectors.

Student answer: Blue is a dark color so blue covered and uncovered are the warmest temperatures then red is a kind of lighter color so they go under the blue on the chart.

Student answer: It tells you the blue covered and uncovered are hotter than the reds.

Student answer: It tells you that blue heats up faster because it is a darker color than red.

Student answer: That blue absorbs heat faster than the red.
Question: Andi and Scott decided to investigate solar water heaters using collectors of different colors (but the same size) as one variable and covered versus uncovered as a second variable. Look at the graph of their data and answer the questions below. Why would comparing only the red uncovered heater with the blue covered heater not provide useful information?
Reference answer: When 2 variables are changed, it is impossible to determine which variable is causing what effect.

Student answer: Because the red is uncovered and blue is covered and you cannot compare them.

Student answer: Red uncovered water is not really hot, and the blue covered is hot, so when you compare them you would not get that much of useful information.

Student answer: Because one is uncovered and one is covered. Also I think because they are now the same color.

Student answer: Because blue goes so high and red goes so low you cannot tell anything.
Question: Sue bought a white wading pool for her grandchildren. She wanted to heat up the water as fast as possible. She thought that if she put plastic sheeting in the bottom of the pool it might heat up the water faster. She had a sheet of yellow plastic and a sheet of dark green plastic. What should Sue do to heat the water as fast as possible? A. Put the yellow sheeting on the bottom of the pool. (B. Put the dark green sheeting on the bottom of the pool.) C. Put no sheeting on the bottom of the pool; leave it white. Explain why you chose that answer.
Reference answer: Darker colors absorb more heat than lighter colors. The dark green sheeting is the darkest color available so she should use the green sheeting.

Student answer: Because the darker the color the hotter it gets.

Student answer: I chose this answer because dark green is a darker color and would heat faster.

Student answer: Because darker colors heat up faster.

Student answer: Because the darkest color available would transfer from absorbing the heat from the dark green.
Question: Look at the 2 solar water heaters shown here. The black triangular area is the solar collector in each container. If both heaters contain the same amount of water, would you expect the temperature change in heater X to be greater than, less than, or the same as the temperature change in heater Y after 30 minutes? (Same) Explain your answer.
Reference answer: The black areas in the 2 collectors (and the collectors themselves) are the same size. The amount of heat absorbed will be the same so the temperature change will also be the same.

Student answer: The as the day go on it gets cooler because the sun is going down.

Student answer: Because the triangles and containers are the same size and color they will both absorb the same amount of heat.

Student answer: I think the same because it is the same size, same shape, same color. It is just placed differently in the container which would not have an impact.

Student answer: They would be the same because they are the exact same size in the same position with the same size of containers.
Question: The graph shows temperature data from 2 containers. One container had 100 milliliters of water and the other had 100 milliliters of dry soil. Each container was placed in the sun for 20 minutes and then in the shade for 20 minutes. Which container, A or B, had the dry soil? Explain how the graph helped you decide which container had the dry soil.
Reference answer: A. Dry soil heats more quickly and cools off more quickly than water. The graph shows A heats and cools more quickly than B, so A must be the dry soil.

Student answer: A. Because it has a higher temperature than water.

Student answer: A. The graph helped because dry soil will heat up faster than wet and A is higher so it would definitely be A.

Student answer: A. A, because if you use or put any water in an earth material it will hold the temperature. Because water is a heat sink.

Student answer: B. I think dry soil goes down so it bring plants do not grow quickly so it goes down.
Question: Julie and David each built a solar water heater. Both solar water heaters were 10 centimeters x 10 centimeters x 30 centimeters. Both water heaters were painted black on the inside bottom and filled to the top with 3 liters of room temperature water. Both water heaters were set in the sun. They checked the temperatures every 5 minutes and made the table below. Which box did Julie build, A or B? What evidence supports your answer?
Reference answer: A. The water in Julie's heater got hotter faster (or had a greater temperature change in 20 minutes). The collector in heater A has the greater surface area so the water in A would get hotter faster than the water in B.

Student answer: B. That they both painted black on the inside in the bottom and filled the top with liters of water. And the heaters will set the sun.

Student answer: A. When a box has more black than the other it will heat up faster, and hotter.

Student answer: A. Because Julie's had more black flooring. The more black flooring you get the hotter it gets. Julie's side of the chart had the highest temperature. So box A is hers.

Student answer: B. Because in B, it is long and it hold more heat.
Question: Betty was puzzled. In the morning the shadow of the bus sign is in the street. In the afternoon the shadow of the bus sign points the opposite direction. Explain to Betty why this happens.
Reference answer: In the morning the Sun is in the east so shadows point west. In the afternoon the Sun is in the west so shadows point east.

Student answer: Because the sun rounded around us that is why it is pointing the opposite direction.

Student answer: The sun rises in the east and it sets in the west, so the school bus must be facing east so that is why.

Student answer: Because the object is blocking the sun in that area.

Student answer: The earth rotates.
Question: Amber predicted that a black covered box would heat up faster than a white covered box. She took 2 identical shoe boxes and wrapped one with white paper and the other with black paper. She punched a hole in each box, stuck a thermometer into each hole, and put both boxes in the sun. Every 5 minutes, Amber recorded the temperature in each box. Will the data support Amber's prediction? Explain your answer.
Reference answer: Yes. Black absorbs more heat (energy) than white. White reflects more heat (energy) than black. Therefore the black covered box will heat up faster than the white covered box.

Student answer: Yes. Black is a hotter color than white.

Student answer: Yes. Yes, it would because since she put them both in the sun and stuck a thermometer in both then she will know which box will heat up faster, and she will see if her prediction is correct.

Student answer: Yes. Yes because black absorbs the heat more than white.

Student answer: Yes. Yes, because black absorbs heat from the sun.
Question: Maggie wanted to find out if surface area affected temperature change. She had 3 white cake pans. She filled each with 300 milliliters of water. She put one small black plastic disk in pan A, 2 in pan B, and 3 in pan C. Then she put all 3 pans in the sun. When Maggie measured the water temperature in each pan after 15 minutes, which pan do you think held the hottest water? Explain your answer.
Reference answer: C. Black absorbs more heat (energy) than white. Pan C has the most dark surface area so C would heat up the fastest and have the highest temperature.

Student answer: C. Because black absorbs heat and C has more black area so I think it is C.

Student answer: C. Because it has the most black disks. Black absorbs heat.

Student answer: C. I picked C because A and B only have one or 2 black plastic disks and that does not take as much heat. Also C has more black so it would be hotter because there is more black.

Student answer: C. Pan C held the hottest water because pan C has a lot of black in it and black absorbs heat. Pan A and B have barely any black. There is more water showing and I know that since water is a heat sink it takes longer to heat up.
Question: The inside of a pea seed is shown below. Describe the function of each of the parts: cotyledon.
Reference answer: The cotyledon provides food for the plant to begin growing.

Student answer: Is the leaf and stem inside the seed.

Student answer: Baby plant.

Student answer: A cotyledon is a food supplies.

Student answer: Food supply.
Question: The inside of a pea seed is shown below. Describe the function of each of the parts: embryo.
Reference answer: The embryo contains the tiny leaves and root of the plant.

Student answer: The sprout that grows into a stem.

Student answer: The embryo is the part of the seed that grow into the root and then the stem.

Student answer: Food.

Student answer: Protects stem and root.
Question: What is your "rule" for deciding if the part of a plant you are observing is a fruit?
Reference answer: If a part of the plant contains seeds, that part is the fruit.

Student answer: To see if it have seed.

Student answer: Because it has seeds.

Student answer: If it has seed inside it is a fruit.

Student answer: It is plant.
Question: Look at the picture of the bean seedling shortly after germination. Describe the function of each of the parts: seed coat.
Reference answer: The seed coat protects the seed until the plant begins to grow.

Student answer: To protect it.

Student answer: To protect the seed.

Student answer: It protects the cotyledon.

Student answer: To protect the seed.
Question: Look at the picture of the bean seedling shortly after germination. Describe the function of each of the parts: cotyledon.
Reference answer: The cotyledon provides food for the plant until the plant can make food for itself.

Student answer: To give food to the baby plant.

Student answer: It holds food for the plant before the roots grow.

Student answer: Food storage.

Student answer: Store food.
Question: When a seed germinates, why does the root grow first?
Reference answer: The root grows first so the root can take up water for the plant.

Student answer: Roots sucks in water and makes a seed grow.

Student answer: Because it is getting water so the young plant or embryo can have energy to grow.

Student answer: So it can feed the plant.

Student answer: The root grew because it needs to help the plant stand up.
Question: One function of the bess beetle's elytra (the hard, black wing set) is protection. What is another function of the elytra?
Reference answer: The elytra are used to make sounds.

Student answer: Another function of the elytra is for strangulating.

Student answer: Fly around.

Student answer: The thorax.

Student answer: The beetle can rub its elytra making noises in order to communicate.
Question: Elena has a male lizard that has lived for several years in the habitat she provided. She knows that some lizards are territorial. Besides additional food and water, what should she be sure to include in the habitat before she adds another male lizard?
Reference answer: Elena should include a separate shelter for each lizard.

Student answer: She should make sure they each have their own space.

Student answer: Shelter, space, food.

Student answer: Add another shelter.

Student answer: She needs another shelter.
Question: How do you define a controlled experiment?
Reference answer: An experiment is controlled if only one variable is changed at a time.

Student answer: A controlled experiment is where you change a variable.

Student answer: You just work with the experiment and get it over with.

Student answer: To find the answer.

Student answer: Only change one variable.
Question: Describe the relationship between the length of the string and the number of swings a swinger makes in 15 seconds.
Reference answer: The shorter the string is, the more the string swings in 15 seconds.  The longer the string is, the less the string swings in 15 seconds.

Student answer: The longer your string is the less amount of swings you will get.

Student answer: The longer the string the shorter the swings.

Student answer: Well the longer the string the slower it swings so a 90 centimeters swinger will go very slow compared to a 19 centimeters swinger.

Student answer: If the string is short it has more swings but if it is long it has less swings.
Question: Jack made a lifeboat out of a large paper cup. He decided to measure how far the boat sank when different numbers of marbles were added. His data are shown in the table. Identify the standard for Jack's experiment.
Reference answer: The boat with 0 marbles is the standard in this experiment.

Student answer: 0 marbles.

Student answer: 10.

Student answer: 10 marbles and 5.8 amount the boat sank.

Student answer: The more Jack put in the lower the boat became under the water.
Question: Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph A) number of tree rings versus time.
Reference answer: As time increases, the number of tree rings also increases.

Student answer: The more tree rings the faster. The less, the slower.

Student answer: This graph tells you how many tree rings grow on a tree in a certain amount of time.

Student answer: This graph shows that the number of tree rings was increasing by a certain amount of time.

Student answer: They look like it increases.
Question: Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph B) speed of light versus time.
Reference answer: As time increases, the speed of light stays the same (remains constant).

Student answer: How fast the light speeds and how many times it goes.

Student answer: This graph shows that the light was getting lighter and lighter by the minute.

Student answer: The speed of light does not change over time.

Student answer: The light is staying the same and the time is increasing.
Question: Describe what the graph tells you about the relationship between the number of scoops of fertilizer and the mass of beans harvested?
Reference answer: When less than 3 scoops of fertilizer are used, the more fertilizer used, the greater the mass of beans harvested. When more than 3 scoops of fertilizer are used, the more fertilizer used, the less the mass of beans harvested.

Student answer: The more or less of fertilizer about the same mass it is.

Student answer: The more you scoop you scoop, the higher, but if you get too deep the less you will get.

Student answer: The relationship is that they had scoops of fertilizer numbered by 0, one, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and they have mass of beans numbered by 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, etcetera. Decimals going by 2's, so the relationship is that both scoops of fertilizer and mass of beans increases, and then decreases all together.

Student answer: Too little scoops of fertilizer is too less but if you put too much it will weigh less as well. But if you put in not too much or not less is good.
Question: Don wanted to find out if a battery powered toy truck would always travel the same distance in 10 seconds no matter how heavy a load the truck carried. He placed one or more blocks (the load) in the back of the truck and recorded his results. (Each block had the same mass.) The following graph displays his results. What is the relationship between the number of blocks and the distance traveled by the truck in 10 seconds?
Reference answer: The more blocks the truck carries, the less distance the truck travels in 10 seconds.

Student answer: The more blocks the less far it goes the less blocks the farther it goes.

Student answer: When he had 0 blocks it went 5 meters and when he had 2 it went 3 meters when had 4 it went one meter.

Student answer: The more blocks he adds the more heavier it gets so the more heavier it is the more slow distance it will go.

Student answer: The truck goes slower and slower to travel in 10 seconds.
Question: 3 girls wanted to see who could throw a ball the farthest. Each girl brought her favorite ball to the park. Ling brought her basketball, Diana brought her football, and Rachael brought her baseball. They made a line on the playground. They all had to throw the ball from that line. Ling took 2 steps up to the line and threw her basketball. Diana stood at the line and threw her football. Rachael got a running start and threw her baseball when she reached the line. Rachael threw her ball the farthest. What variable did the girls control in the contest?
Reference answer: The launch position (line on the playground) is the variable that is controlled.

Student answer: They controlled where they let the ball go.

Student answer: The same spot to throw the ball.

Student answer: Their strength.

Student answer: They all start in the line.
Question: 3 girls wanted to see who could throw a ball the farthest. Each girl brought her favorite ball to the park. Ling brought her basketball, Diana brought her football, and Rachael brought her baseball. They made a line on the playground. They all had to throw the ball from that line. Ling took 2 steps up to the line and threw her basketball. Diana stood at the line and threw her football. Rachael got a running start and threw her baseball when she reached the line. Rachael threw her ball the farthest. Describe 2 variables that are not controlled in the contest.
Reference answer: Different girls are throwing the balls. The girls use different launch techniques. Each girl uses a different type of ball.

Student answer: What kind of balls and how to throw the balls.

Student answer: They did not control the distance the ball went.

Student answer: Who got the running start and who did not and they had different balls to throw.

Student answer: When they are running, standing or stepping. Then the different kinds of balls.
Question: 3 girls wanted to see who could throw a ball the farthest. Each girl brought her favorite ball to the park. Ling brought her basketball, Diana brought her football, and Rachael brought her baseball. They made a line on the playground. They all had to throw the ball from that line. Ling took 2 steps up to the line and threw her basketball. Diana stood at the line and threw her football. Rachael got a running start and threw her baseball when she reached the line. Rachael threw her ball the farthest. Describe what the girls need to do to make the contest a controlled experiment (fair test).
Reference answer: All variables except the girl need to be held constant (controlled). The girls all need to throw the same ball and use the same launch technique.

Student answer: They all should stand and throw the same ball to have a controlled experiment.

Student answer: They could all go at the same speed and same distance to get to the line or they could use the same kind of ball.

Student answer: They all had to bring the same kind of ball. And same weight.

Student answer: Have the ball the same.
Question: When conducting a controlled experiment, why do you use a standard?
Reference answer: A standard is used for comparison to determine how changing one variable changes the results.

Student answer: In a controlled experiment.

Student answer: You need to have a standard so you can tell the difference of what the experiment was and so you can tell how far it went.

Student answer: You use a standard because you know it will be controlled if you do something random it might not work and that is not a controlled experiment.

Student answer: So when you start with the standard it will help you understand more of the experiment.