transformAlterTableStmt(Oid relid, AlterTableStmt *stmt,
						const char *queryString,
						List **beforeStmts, List **afterStmts)
{
	Relation	rel;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	ParseState *pstate;
	CreateStmtContext cxt;
	List	   *save_alist;
	ListCell   *lcmd,
			   *l;
	List	   *newcmds = NIL;
	bool		skipValidation = true;
	AlterTableCmd *newcmd;
	ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem;

	/*
	 * We must not scribble on the passed-in AlterTableStmt, so copy it. (This
	 * is overkill, but easy.)
	 */
	stmt = copyObject(stmt);

	/* Caller is responsible for locking the relation */
	rel = relation_open(relid, NoLock);
	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);

	/* Set up pstate */
	pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);
	pstate->p_sourcetext = queryString;
	nsitem = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate,
										   rel,
										   AccessShareLock,
										   NULL,
										   false,
										   true);
	addNSItemToQuery(pstate, nsitem, false, true, true);

	/* Set up CreateStmtContext */
	cxt.pstate = pstate;
	if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
	{
		cxt.stmtType = "ALTER FOREIGN TABLE";
		cxt.isforeign = true;
	}
	else
	{
		cxt.stmtType = "ALTER TABLE";
		cxt.isforeign = false;
	}
	cxt.relation = stmt->relation;
	cxt.rel = rel;
	cxt.inhRelations = NIL;
	cxt.isalter = true;
	cxt.columns = NIL;
	cxt.ckconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.fkconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.ixconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.likeclauses = NIL;
	cxt.extstats = NIL;
	cxt.blist = NIL;
	cxt.alist = NIL;
	cxt.pkey = NULL;
	cxt.ispartitioned = (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE);
	cxt.partbound = NULL;
	cxt.ofType = false;

	/*
	 * Transform ALTER subcommands that need it (most don't).  These largely
	 * re-use code from CREATE TABLE.
	 */
	foreach(lcmd, stmt->cmds)
	{
		AlterTableCmd *cmd = (AlterTableCmd *) lfirst(lcmd);

		switch (cmd->subtype)
		{
			case AT_AddColumn:
			case AT_AddColumnRecurse:
				{
					ColumnDef  *def = castNode(ColumnDef, cmd->def);

					transformColumnDefinition(&cxt, def);

					/*
					 * If the column has a non-null default, we can't skip
					 * validation of foreign keys.
					 */
					if (def->raw_default != NULL)
						skipValidation = false;

					/*
					 * All constraints are processed in other ways. Remove the
					 * original list
					 */
					def->constraints = NIL;

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AddConstraint:
			case AT_AddConstraintRecurse:

				/*
				 * The original AddConstraint cmd node doesn't go to newcmds
				 */
				if (IsA(cmd->def, Constraint))
				{
					transformTableConstraint(&cxt, (Constraint *) cmd->def);
					if (((Constraint *) cmd->def)->contype == CONSTR_FOREIGN)
						skipValidation = false;
				}
				else
					elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
						 (int) nodeTag(cmd->def));
				break;

			case AT_AlterColumnType:
				{
					ColumnDef  *def = castNode(ColumnDef, cmd->def);
					AttrNumber	attnum;

					/*
					 * For ALTER COLUMN TYPE, transform the USING clause if
					 * one was specified.
					 */
					if (def->raw_default)
					{
						def->cooked_default =
							transformExpr(pstate, def->raw_default,
										  EXPR_KIND_ALTER_COL_TRANSFORM);
					}

					/*
					 * For identity column, create ALTER SEQUENCE command to
					 * change the data type of the sequence.
					 */
					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					if (attnum > 0 &&
						TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, attnum - 1)->attidentity)
					{
						Oid			seq_relid = getIdentitySequence(relid, attnum, false);
						Oid			typeOid = typenameTypeId(pstate, def->typeName);
						AlterSeqStmt *altseqstmt = makeNode(AlterSeqStmt);

						altseqstmt->sequence = makeRangeVar(get_namespace_name(get_rel_namespace(seq_relid)),
															get_rel_name(seq_relid),
															-1);
						altseqstmt->options = list_make1(makeDefElem("as", (Node *) makeTypeNameFromOid(typeOid, -1), -1));
						altseqstmt->for_identity = true;
						cxt.blist = lappend(cxt.blist, altseqstmt);
					}

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AddIdentity:
				{
					Constraint *def = castNode(Constraint, cmd->def);
					ColumnDef  *newdef = makeNode(ColumnDef);
					AttrNumber	attnum;

					newdef->colname = cmd->name;
					newdef->identity = def->generated_when;
					cmd->def = (Node *) newdef;

					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					generateSerialExtraStmts(&cxt, newdef,
											 get_atttype(relid, attnum),
											 def->options, true, true,
											 NULL, NULL);

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_SetIdentity:
				{
					/*
					 * Create an ALTER SEQUENCE statement for the internal
					 * sequence of the identity column.
					 */
					ListCell   *lc;
					List	   *newseqopts = NIL;
					List	   *newdef = NIL;
					AttrNumber	attnum;
					Oid			seq_relid;

					/*
					 * Split options into those handled by ALTER SEQUENCE and
					 * those for ALTER TABLE proper.
					 */
					foreach(lc, castNode(List, cmd->def))
					{
						DefElem    *def = lfirst_node(DefElem, lc);

						if (strcmp(def->defname, "generated") == 0)
							newdef = lappend(newdef, def);
						else
							newseqopts = lappend(newseqopts, def);
					}

					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					seq_relid = getIdentitySequence(relid, attnum, true);

					if (seq_relid)
					{
						AlterSeqStmt *seqstmt;

						seqstmt = makeNode(AlterSeqStmt);
						seqstmt->sequence = makeRangeVar(get_namespace_name(get_rel_namespace(seq_relid)),
														 get_rel_name(seq_relid), -1);
						seqstmt->options = newseqopts;
						seqstmt->for_identity = true;
						seqstmt->missing_ok = false;

						cxt.blist = lappend(cxt.blist, seqstmt);
					}

					/*
					 * If column was not an identity column, we just let the
					 * ALTER TABLE command error out later.  (There are cases
					 * this fails to cover, but we'll need to restructure
					 * where creation of the sequence dependency linkage
					 * happens before we can fix it.)
					 */

					cmd->def = (Node *) newdef;
					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AttachPartition:
			case AT_DetachPartition:
				{
					PartitionCmd *partcmd = (PartitionCmd *) cmd->def;

					transformPartitionCmd(&cxt, partcmd);
					/* assign transformed value of the partition bound */
					partcmd->bound = cxt.partbound;
				}

				newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
				break;

			default:

				/*
				 * Currently, we shouldn't actually get here for subcommand
				 * types that don't require transformation; but if we do, just
				 * emit them unchanged.
				 */
				newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Transfer anything we already have in cxt.alist into save_alist, to keep
	 * it separate from the output of transformIndexConstraints.
	 */
	save_alist = cxt.alist;
	cxt.alist = NIL;

	/* Postprocess constraints */
	transformIndexConstraints(&cxt);
	transformFKConstraints(&cxt, skipValidation, true);
	transformCheckConstraints(&cxt, false);

	/*
	 * Push any index-creation commands into the ALTER, so that they can be
	 * scheduled nicely by tablecmds.c.  Note that tablecmds.c assumes that
	 * the IndexStmt attached to an AT_AddIndex or AT_AddIndexConstraint
	 * subcommand has already been through transformIndexStmt.
	 */
	foreach(l, cxt.alist)
	{
		Node	   *istmt = (Node *) lfirst(l);

		/*
		 * We assume here that cxt.alist contains only IndexStmts and possibly
		 * ALTER TABLE SET NOT NULL statements generated from primary key
		 * constraints.  We absorb the subcommands of the latter directly.
		 */
		if (IsA(istmt, IndexStmt))
		{
			IndexStmt  *idxstmt = (IndexStmt *) istmt;

			idxstmt = transformIndexStmt(relid, idxstmt, queryString);
			newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
			newcmd->subtype = OidIsValid(idxstmt->indexOid) ? AT_AddIndexConstraint : AT_AddIndex;
			newcmd->def = (Node *) idxstmt;
			newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
		}
		else if (IsA(istmt, AlterTableStmt))
		{
			AlterTableStmt *alterstmt = (AlterTableStmt *) istmt;

			newcmds = list_concat(newcmds, alterstmt->cmds);
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "unexpected stmt type %d", (int) nodeTag(istmt));
	}
	cxt.alist = NIL;

	/* Append any CHECK or FK constraints to the commands list */
	foreach(l, cxt.ckconstraints)
	{
		newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
		newcmd->subtype = AT_AddConstraint;
		newcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(l);
		newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
	}
	foreach(l, cxt.fkconstraints)
	{
		newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
		newcmd->subtype = AT_AddConstraint;
		newcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(l);
		newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
	}

	/* Append extended statistic objects */
	transformExtendedStatistics(&cxt);

	/* Close rel */
	relation_close(rel, NoLock);

	/*
	 * Output results.
	 */
	stmt->cmds = newcmds;

	*beforeStmts = cxt.blist;
	*afterStmts = list_concat(cxt.alist, save_alist);

	return stmt;
}
transformAlterTableStmt(Oid relid, AlterTableStmt *stmt,
						const char *queryString,
						List **beforeStmts, List **afterStmts)
{
	Relation	rel;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	ParseState *pstate;
	CreateStmtContext cxt;
	List	   *save_alist;
	ListCell   *lcmd,
			   *l;
	List	   *newcmds = NIL;
	bool		skipValidation = true;
	AlterTableCmd *newcmd;
	ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem;

	 
	stmt = copyObject(stmt);

	 
	rel = relation_open(relid, NoLock);
	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);

	 
	pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);
	pstate->p_sourcetext = queryString;
	nsitem = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate,
										   rel,
										   AccessShareLock,
										   NULL,
										   false,
										   true);
	addNSItemToQuery(pstate, nsitem, false, true, true);

	 
	cxt.pstate = pstate;
	if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
	{
		cxt.stmtType = "ALTER FOREIGN TABLE";
		cxt.isforeign = true;
	}
	else
	{
		cxt.stmtType = "ALTER TABLE";
		cxt.isforeign = false;
	}
	cxt.relation = stmt->relation;
	cxt.rel = rel;
	cxt.inhRelations = NIL;
	cxt.isalter = true;
	cxt.columns = NIL;
	cxt.ckconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.fkconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.ixconstraints = NIL;
	cxt.likeclauses = NIL;
	cxt.extstats = NIL;
	cxt.blist = NIL;
	cxt.alist = NIL;
	cxt.pkey = NULL;
	cxt.ispartitioned = (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE);
	cxt.partbound = NULL;
	cxt.ofType = false;

	 
	foreach(lcmd, stmt->cmds)
	{
		AlterTableCmd *cmd = (AlterTableCmd *) lfirst(lcmd);

		switch (cmd->subtype)
		{
			case AT_AddColumn:
			case AT_AddColumnRecurse:
				{
					ColumnDef  *def = castNode(ColumnDef, cmd->def);

					transformColumnDefinition(&cxt, def);

					 
					if (def->raw_default != NULL)
						skipValidation = false;

					 
					def->constraints = NIL;

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AddConstraint:
			case AT_AddConstraintRecurse:

				 
				if (IsA(cmd->def, Constraint))
				{
					transformTableConstraint(&cxt, (Constraint *) cmd->def);
					if (((Constraint *) cmd->def)->contype == CONSTR_FOREIGN)
						skipValidation = false;
				}
				else
					elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
						 (int) nodeTag(cmd->def));
				break;

			case AT_AlterColumnType:
				{
					ColumnDef  *def = castNode(ColumnDef, cmd->def);
					AttrNumber	attnum;

					 
					if (def->raw_default)
					{
						def->cooked_default =
							transformExpr(pstate, def->raw_default,
										  EXPR_KIND_ALTER_COL_TRANSFORM);
					}

					 
					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					if (attnum > 0 &&
						TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, attnum - 1)->attidentity)
					{
						Oid			seq_relid = getIdentitySequence(relid, attnum, false);
						Oid			typeOid = typenameTypeId(pstate, def->typeName);
						AlterSeqStmt *altseqstmt = makeNode(AlterSeqStmt);

						altseqstmt->sequence = makeRangeVar(get_namespace_name(get_rel_namespace(seq_relid)),
															get_rel_name(seq_relid),
															-1);
						altseqstmt->options = list_make1(makeDefElem("as", (Node *) makeTypeNameFromOid(typeOid, -1), -1));
						altseqstmt->for_identity = true;
						cxt.blist = lappend(cxt.blist, altseqstmt);
					}

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AddIdentity:
				{
					Constraint *def = castNode(Constraint, cmd->def);
					ColumnDef  *newdef = makeNode(ColumnDef);
					AttrNumber	attnum;

					newdef->colname = cmd->name;
					newdef->identity = def->generated_when;
					cmd->def = (Node *) newdef;

					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					generateSerialExtraStmts(&cxt, newdef,
											 get_atttype(relid, attnum),
											 def->options, true, true,
											 NULL, NULL);

					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_SetIdentity:
				{
					 
					ListCell   *lc;
					List	   *newseqopts = NIL;
					List	   *newdef = NIL;
					AttrNumber	attnum;
					Oid			seq_relid;

					 
					foreach(lc, castNode(List, cmd->def))
					{
						DefElem    *def = lfirst_node(DefElem, lc);

						if (strcmp(def->defname, "generated") == 0)
							newdef = lappend(newdef, def);
						else
							newseqopts = lappend(newseqopts, def);
					}

					attnum = get_attnum(relid, cmd->name);
					if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
										cmd->name, RelationGetRelationName(rel))));

					seq_relid = getIdentitySequence(relid, attnum, true);

					if (seq_relid)
					{
						AlterSeqStmt *seqstmt;

						seqstmt = makeNode(AlterSeqStmt);
						seqstmt->sequence = makeRangeVar(get_namespace_name(get_rel_namespace(seq_relid)),
														 get_rel_name(seq_relid), -1);
						seqstmt->options = newseqopts;
						seqstmt->for_identity = true;
						seqstmt->missing_ok = false;

						cxt.blist = lappend(cxt.blist, seqstmt);
					}

					 

					cmd->def = (Node *) newdef;
					newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
					break;
				}

			case AT_AttachPartition:
			case AT_DetachPartition:
				{
					PartitionCmd *partcmd = (PartitionCmd *) cmd->def;

					transformPartitionCmd(&cxt, partcmd);
					 
					partcmd->bound = cxt.partbound;
				}

				newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
				break;

			default:

				 
				newcmds = lappend(newcmds, cmd);
				break;
		}
	}

	 
	save_alist = cxt.alist;
	cxt.alist = NIL;

	 
	transformIndexConstraints(&cxt);
	transformFKConstraints(&cxt, skipValidation, true);
	transformCheckConstraints(&cxt, false);

	 
	foreach(l, cxt.alist)
	{
		Node	   *istmt = (Node *) lfirst(l);

		 
		if (IsA(istmt, IndexStmt))
		{
			IndexStmt  *idxstmt = (IndexStmt *) istmt;

			idxstmt = transformIndexStmt(relid, idxstmt, queryString);
			newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
			newcmd->subtype = OidIsValid(idxstmt->indexOid) ? AT_AddIndexConstraint : AT_AddIndex;
			newcmd->def = (Node *) idxstmt;
			newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
		}
		else if (IsA(istmt, AlterTableStmt))
		{
			AlterTableStmt *alterstmt = (AlterTableStmt *) istmt;

			newcmds = list_concat(newcmds, alterstmt->cmds);
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "unexpected stmt type %d", (int) nodeTag(istmt));
	}
	cxt.alist = NIL;

	 
	foreach(l, cxt.ckconstraints)
	{
		newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
		newcmd->subtype = AT_AddConstraint;
		newcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(l);
		newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
	}
	foreach(l, cxt.fkconstraints)
	{
		newcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
		newcmd->subtype = AT_AddConstraint;
		newcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(l);
		newcmds = lappend(newcmds, newcmd);
	}

	 
	transformExtendedStatistics(&cxt);

	 
	relation_close(rel, NoLock);

	 
	stmt->cmds = newcmds;

	*beforeStmts = cxt.blist;
	*afterStmts = list_concat(cxt.alist, save_alist);

	return stmt;
}