AIM-Harvard/TrialPanorama-filtered huggingface dataset:
Study NCT01260883 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ketorolac Tromethamine 1 mg/kg
Description: Ketorolac Tromethamine 1 mg/kg infusion over 10 minutes intravenous (IV) infusion. Blood sampling in for up to 12 hours after infusion for analysis of ketorolac concentrations and safety assessments.
Study NCT01260883 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5 mg/kg
Description: Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5 mg/kg infusion over 10 minutes intravenous (IV) infusion. Blood sampling for up to 12 hours after infusion for analysis of ketorolac concentrations and safety assessments.
Study NCT01260883 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Dextrose in water (D5W) infusion over 10 minutes intravenous (IV) infusion. Blood sampling for up to 12 hours after infusion for analysis of ketorolac concentrations and safety assessments.
Study NCT02751294 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafenoquine Control
Description: It will be supplied as a dark pink, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablet plain on both sides containing 150 mg tafenoquine
Study NCT02751294 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafenoquine dissolution profile X
Description: It will be supplied as a dark pink, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablet plain on both sides containing 150 mg tafenoquine and will be intermediate aged TQ Product.
Study NCT02751294 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafenoquine SIL
Description: It will be compounded at site and will be administered as 0.3 mg/mL (100mL to be dosed, equivalent to 30 mg) aqueous Solution of SIL Tafenoquine.
Study NCT02499809 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Recovery mode
Description: After the gradual maximal exercise the subjects will use different recovery modes (vibration therapy or passive and active recovery).
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PR5I
Description: DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis \[acellular, component\], hepatitis B \[recombinant DNA\], polio virus \[inactivated\], and Haemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccine \[adsorbed\]) Vaccine 0.5 mL intramuscular injection at 2, 4, and 11 to 12 months of age. Injection is to be administered in the upper anterolateral thigh, separate limb from the concomitant vaccine. PR5I is a liquid suspension hexavalent vaccine.
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Rotavirus vaccine
Description: Rotarix™ 1.5 mL oral dose at 2 and 4 months of age (subset 1, Italy and Sweden) or RotaTeq™ 2 mL oral dose at 2, 4 and 5 months of age (subset 2, Finland)
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rotavirus vaccine
Description: Rotarix™ 1.5 mL oral dose at 2 and 4 months of age (subset 1, Italy and Sweden) or RotaTeq™ 2 mL oral dose at 2, 4 and 5 months of age (subset 2, Finland)
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Prevenar 13™
Description: Prevenar 13™ 0.5 mL intramuscular injection at 2, 4, and 11 to 12 months of age. Injection is to be administered in the upper anterolateral thigh, separate limb from the concomitant vaccine.
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Prevenar 13™
Description: Prevenar 13™ 0.5 mL intramuscular injection at 2, 4, and 11 to 12 months of age. Injection is to be administered in the upper anterolateral thigh, separate limb from the concomitant vaccine.
Study NCT01480258 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: INFANRIX™ hexa
Description: Combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis \[DTaP\], Hepatitis B \[HepB\], Poliovirus \[IPV\] and Haemophilus influenzae type b \[Hib\] Vaccine 0.5 mL intramuscular injection at 2, 4 and 11 to 12 months of age. Injection is to be administered in the upper anterolateral thigh, separate limb from the concomitant vaccine. INFANRIX™ hexa is provided as 2 components (lyophilized Hib and liquid DTaP, IPV, and HepB). Prior to administration, the vaccine must be reconstituted by adding the liquid DTaP-HepB-IPV component to the vial containing the Hib pellet.
Study NCT04240197 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CompuFlo
Description: The occurrence of epidural pulse waves with CompuFlo and with standard pressure trnsducer
Study NCT04240197 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CompuFlo
Description: The occurrence of epidural pulse waves with CompuFlo and with standard pressure trnsducer
Study NCT04338568 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lung ultrasound
Description: The lung ultrasound examination consists of two-sided scanning of the anterior and lateral chest wall and is performed with patients in supine or near-to-supine position.
Study NCT02467465 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Physical therapy modalities
Description: Massage, movilization of ankle dorsiflexion and improve flexibility with stretching of calf muscles.
Study NCT01353521 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Description: A contrast-enhanced ultrasound utilizes intravenous gas-filled microbubbles to enhance visualization in real time.
Study NCT01690000 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Melatonin
Description: 1 or 3 mg of melatonin PO each night for 12 months
Study NCT03674788 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: Transcatheter valve intervention
Study NCT00635635 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Guided Imagery Audio
Description: Guided Imagery Audio listened to 5x per week
Study NCT00635635 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Music Audio
Description: Music only audio to be listened to 5x per week
Study NCT01305044 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Health Education Classes
Description: The Health Education classes serve as an attention control group, are led by gerontology specialists, physicians, and other health professionals, and focus on topics that are relevant to elderly cancer survivors.
Study NCT03441256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LION procedure
Description: Laparoscopic implantation of an impulse generator and four leads for electrical stimulation of femoral and sciatic nerves.
Study NCT03441256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: NMES
Description: Conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation via surface electrodes.
Study NCT02730091 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Letrozole
Description: Letrozole 2.5 mg daily
Study NCT02730091 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Letrozole
Description: Letrozole 2.5 mg daily
Study NCT02730091 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Anastrozole
Description: anastrozole 1 mg daily
Study NCT02730091 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Anastrozole
Description: anastrozole 1 mg daily
Study NCT02730091 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vinorelbine
Description: 50 mg three times a week (Monday Wednesday and Friday)
Study NCT01124552 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RT001 Botulinum toxin type A (Dose A)
Description: RT001 Botulinum Toxin Type A (Dose A)
Study NCT01124552 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RT001 Botulinum Toxin Type A (Dose B)
Description: RT001 Botulinum Toxin Type A (Dose B)
Study NCT01124552 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Vehicle
Description: Vehicle Control
Study NCT01545089 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mattress protector for days 1 and 2
Description: A mattress protector is placed in the bed for the first two days and then removed for days 3 and 4.
Study NCT01545089 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mattress protector for days 3 and 4
Description: A mattress protector is not placed in the bed for the first two days and then added to the bed for days 3 and 4.
Study NCT01447043 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Ranibizumab
Description: Patients with wet AMD treated with ranibizumab as prescribed by physician
Study NCT01124552 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo Comparator
Study NCT02102698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ecopipam
Description: Ecopipam is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D1 receptor family.
Study NCT02102698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ecopipam
Description: Ecopipam is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D1 receptor family.
Study NCT00626327 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MenACWY-CRM + MMRV
Description: One injection of MenACWY-CRM vaccine at 7-9 months of age; the second injection of MenACWY-CRM vaccine concomitantly administered with MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella) vaccine at 12 months of age.
Study NCT00626327 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: MMRV
Description: one injection of MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella) vaccine at 12 months of age
Study NCT00626327 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MenACWY-CRM
Description: Two injections of MenACWY-CRM at 7-9 months and 12 months of age; one injection of MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella) at 13.5 months of age
Study NCT02160743 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CJ-30056 20/500mg (atorvastatin/metformin XR 20/500mg)
Study NCT00391443 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bosentan
Description: Bosentan 62.5 mg tablets twice daily (b.i.d.) for 4 weeks followed by bosentan 125 mg tablets b.i.d (if body weight > 40 kg) or bosentan 62.5 mg tablets b.i.d. (if body weight \< 40 kg)
Study NCT00391443 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo matching bosentan 62.5 mg tablets and 125 mg tablets
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High saturated fat red meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a high saturated fat red meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (12% kcal from red meat protein); 37% fat (15% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High saturated fat non-meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a high saturated fat non-meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (16% kcal from non-meat protein); 37% fat (15% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT02467465 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Invasive Physical therapy modalities
Description: Dry needling added to massage, movilization of ankle dorsiflexion and improve flexibility with stretching of calf muscles.
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High saturated fat white meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a high saturated fat white meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (12% kcal from white meat protein); 37% fat (15% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Low saturated fat red meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a low saturated fat red meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (12% kcal from red meat protein); 37% fat (7% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Low saturated fat white meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a low saturated fat white meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (12% kcal from white meat protein); 37% fat (7% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT01427855 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Low saturated fat non meat diet
Description: 4 weeks of a low saturated fat non-meat diet (38% carbohydrate; 25% protein (16% kcal from non-meat protein); 37% fat (7% kcal from saturated fat))
Study NCT04328467 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Hydroxychloroquine
Description: Hydroxychloroquine; 200mg tablet; oral
Study NCT04328467 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo; tablet; oral
Study NCT00330499 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cisplatin
Description: Weekly Cisplatin 35mg/m2 x 6 doses, IV administration
Study NCT00330499 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: External beam radiation treatment
Description: 64Gy reference dose in 32 fractions over 6.5 weeks
Study NCT00892879 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery
Description: Single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery versus a standard four port device.
Study NCT00892879 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery
Description: Single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery versus a standard four port device.
Study NCT00330499 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: External beam radiation treatment
Description: 64Gy reference dose in 32 fractions over 6.5 weeks
Study NCT02593552 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DriveCam
Description: Video event monitoring device
Study NCT03284164 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tenofovir Exalidex (TXL)
Description: Drug: Tenofovir Exalidex (TXL)
Study NCT00546156 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Doxorubicin
Description: Standard chemotherapy regimen
Study NCT00546156 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cyclophosphamide
Description: Standard chemotherapy regimen
Study NCT00546156 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Paclitaxel
Description: Standard chemotherapy regimen
Study NCT00546156 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bevacizumab
Description: One intravenous dose given followed 2 weeks later with standard chemotherapy drugs and bevacizumab given intravenously in 8 two-week cycles.
Study NCT04078217 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Jintronix
Description: Participants will perform an exercise program at home through a telerehabilitation platform called Jintronix.
Study NCT04078217 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Booklet
Description: Home-based exercise program using a paper booklet (not the technology).
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Induction trichemotherapy - FOLFIRINOX regimen
Description: A short (4 cycles) and intensive trichemotherapy combinig irinotecan 180 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, elvorin 200 mg/m2, 5-Fu (bolus 400 mg/m2, followed by a 46-hour continuous infusion 2,400 mg/m2) will be delivered for 8 weeks (D1=D15).
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Induction trichemotherapy - FOLFIRINOX regimen
Description: A short (4 cycles) and intensive trichemotherapy combinig irinotecan 180 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, elvorin 200 mg/m2, 5-Fu (bolus 400 mg/m2, followed by a 46-hour continuous infusion 2,400 mg/m2) will be delivered for 8 weeks (D1=D15).
Study NCT03747874 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: ventilatory polygraphy
Description: we put a ventilatory polygraphy device on the patient in the evening, they come back home to sleep while the device is recording ventilatory parameters and they come back the morrow to give the device back
Study NCT00196560 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Immobilization in External Rotation
Study NCT05048810 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 68Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3
Description: In this study, all patients will receive one injection of 68Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3, a PET radiopharmaceutical selective for neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR-1). For the injection, subjects will receive a target dose of 2-4 MBq per kg of body weight as a bolus injection. 68Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3 injection will be followed by a 10 ml saline flush.
Study NCT02921776 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Aim 1 - VidaTalk - post-extubation
Description: Observation of task completion will be made while patients complete a series of messages using the VidaTalk app:~* Tell me you are tired~* Tell me you are having pain~* Rate this pain~* Tell me there is pain in your back~* Tell me your pain is sharp~* Ask to see the doctor~* Write your favorite color by drawing with your finger~* Type How are you? Patients will also complete a 1-item difficulty rating and a 3-item After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) after each task.~Patients will also be asked to (a) comment on the customization of the app and make suggestions; (b) rate the extent to which they would use the device if they were an ICU patient and unable to speak.~Group 1 only:~Patients will be asked about their preferences for customizing the VidaTalk app.
Study NCT02921776 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Aim 2 - VidaTalk - intubated
Description: Usability testing prior to clinical trial. The company will have performed further iterative design assessments and engineered a Vidatalk tablet application prototype for a field-test for functionality (human-device interaction factors, feasibility, and usability) and acceptability. Data will be collected by a trained data collector as in Aim 1 with the addition of Ease of Communication and Frustration ratings before and after the testing sequence. To reduce burden, patients in this group will complete the 3-item ASQ one time after all tasks are completed. They will also complete a 13-item System Usability Scale (SUS).
Study NCT02921776 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Aim 3 - VidaTalk tablet app
Description: Patients in the intervention group will receive a protocolized instruction in the use of the VidaTalk application and mounting of the device including patient return demonstration of key features, and review/ testing to competence conducted by a trained interventionist. When available, a family member may be included in surveys about the patients hospital stay, if patient agrees. The interventionist will visit patients briefly (5-10 minutes) each day to check user needs and concerns and will review or retrain on message options if needed.
Study NCT02921776 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Aim 3 - attention-control with non-VidaTalk tablet
Description: Patents randomized to the control group will receive a protocolized introduction to the bedside Android device without the VidaTalk app, focusing instead on a common tablet application. Daily visits will be conducted with control group patients to query on use of the attention-control tablet.
Study NCT05373420 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Education level
Description: Educational level was classified using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) : ISCED0 (less than primary education), ISCED1 (primary education), ISCED2 (lower secondary school), ISCED3 (upper secondary school), ISCED4 (post-secondary non tertiary education), ISCED5 (short-cycle tertiary education), ISCED6 (bachelor's or equivalent level), ISCED7 (master's or equivalent level), ISCED8 (doctoral or equivalent level). We merged these different categories into three main education level : low (ISCED0 to ISCED2), middle (ISCED3 to ISCED4) and high (ISCED5 to ISCED 8). This information is provided by STATBEL.
Study NCT05373420 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Household net income
Description: Income information is available as deciles of the net income of the whole household. This indicator is further categorized into low income (deciles 1 to 4), middle income (deciles 5 to 7), and high income (deciles 8 to 10). This information is provided by STATBEL.
Study NCT05373420 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Gender
Description: Male or female. This variable is obtained from the Belgian national registry.
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Early tumor response evaluation by MRI volumetry
Description: Two weeks after the CT completion, the tumor volume will be measured by MRI with specific software which automatically borders the tumor so as to determine the early tumor response. A centralized reassessment of all MRI exams will be systematically performed by two radiologists of the coordinator center.
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Early tumor response evaluation by MRI volumetry
Description: Two weeks after the CT completion, the tumor volume will be measured by MRI with specific software which automatically borders the tumor so as to determine the early tumor response. A centralized reassessment of all MRI exams will be systematically performed by two radiologists of the coordinator center.
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Radiochemotherapy Cap 50
Description: RCT Cap 50 will combine radiotherapy at a dose of 50 Gy by either conventional 3D or IMRT (2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week during 5 weeks / 44 Gy in mini pelvis, and boost 6 Gy on reduced peritumoral volume) with concomitant oral capecitabine at 1600 mg/m2 per day delivered the days of RT treatment (2 daily intake).
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Radiochemotherapy Cap 60
Description: RCT Cap 60 will combine radiotherapy at a dose of 60 Gy by either conventional 3D or IMRT (2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week during 6 weeks / 44 Gy in mini pelvis, and boost 16 Gy on reduced peritumoral volume) with concomitant oral capecitabine at 1600 mg/m2 per day delivered the days of RT treatment (2 daily intake)
Study NCT01333709 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Radical proctectomy with total mesorectal excision
Description: The proctectomy can be performed by laparoscopic surgery or conventional laparotomy.