AIM-Harvard/TrialPanorama-filtered huggingface dataset:
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AIGIV 3.5 mg/kg
Description: AIGIV containing 3.5 mg/kg anti-PA IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Gamunex 90 mg/kg
Description: Gamunex 90 mg/kg total IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AIGIV 7.0 mg/kg
Description: AIGIV containing 7.0 mg/kg anti-PA IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Gamunex 180 mg/kg
Description: Gamunex 180 mg/kg total IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AIGIV 14.0 mg/kg
Description: AIGIV containing 14.0 mg/kg anti-PA IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT00845650 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Gamunex 360 mg/kg
Description: Gamunex 360 mg/kg total IgG as a single intravenous infusion.
Study NCT04445675 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Support for breastfeeding and the feeding of infants' with breast milk
Description: The content of the support for breastfeeding and the feeding of infants' with breast milk consists of the titles of the importance of breastfeeding and breast milk, the effect of breast milk on preventing jaundice, the importance of early start of breastfeeding, breastfeeding techniques and positions in infants, milking, storage and later use of milk, increasing the quantity and quality of milk, and nutrition of the mother during breastfeeding.
Study NCT04055714 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tubes
Description: Use the Aera Balloon through the nose to dilate the Eustachian tubes
Study NCT01811875 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Optivate 500IU
Study NCT01914874 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mindfulness Meditation
Study NCT00810056 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Assessment
Description: Cognitive, academic achievement, and mental health screening assessment and report.
Study NCT00810056 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Assessment
Description: Cognitive, academic achievement, and mental health screening assessment and report.
Study NCT00810056 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fostering Healthy Futures (FHF)
Description: Weekly therapeutic skill groups and mentoring over a 9-month period.
Study NCT01012375 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AZD1446
Description: 10 mg capsule, oral dose
Study NCT01012375 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AZD1446
Description: 80 mg capsule, oral dose
Study NCT01012375 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Matching capsule, oral dose
Study NCT01675635 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: OxyNorm Capsules
Description: dosage:5mg,l0mg and 20mg dosage form:capsule frequency:every 6h, duration:24 hours
Study NCT01675635 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine tablet
Description: dosage: 10mg and 20mg; dosage form: tablet; frequency: every 6h; duration: 24 hours.
Study NCT01433575 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RO4917838
Description: 10 mg single oral dose
Study NCT01433575 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RO4917838
Description: 20 mg single oral dose
Study NCT03699176 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vilaprisan (BAY1002670)
Description: 2 mg, once daily, oral
Study NCT03699176 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Once daily, oral
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Doxorubicin hydrochloride
Description: Doxorubicin 20 mg/m\^2 is administered intravenously either over 15 to 30 minutes via a peripheral line or over 24 hours via a central line on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days for 2 cycles.
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Goserelin acetate
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Leuprolide acetate
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Zoledronic acid
Description: 4 mg given intravenously over 15 minutes every 28 days for a total of 6 doses.
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: orchiectomy
Study NCT00081159 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: strontium chloride Sr
Description: 1 dose of strontium-89 (4 millicurie (mCi) total dose) administered intravenously on the first day of treatment
Study NCT03754777 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laparoscopic appendectomy
Description: Preoperative care in both arms. Crystalloid isotonic solutions and antibiotic prophylaxis 30 min prior to surgery.~Surgery. General anesthesia with strict control of fluid therapy and hemodynamic changes during surgery. Appendectomy with the use of monopolar coagulation by experienced surgeons following appendix stump ligation by two Roeder knots.~Postoperative care. Antibiotics for 3-5 days for patients with complicated appendicitis (Gomez ≥ 3A). The postoperative pain level evaluation in rest by VAS in 0 h (immediately after awakening), 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postop. The postoperative analgesic modality on demand: Ketorolac 30 mg for patients with VAS pain level ≥ 5 cm. Antiemetics in dyspepsia. No iv infusions postoperatively. Intestinal peristalsis evaluation by auscultation every 2 h after surgery.
Study NCT03754777 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Laparoscopic appendectomy
Description: Preoperative care in both arms. Crystalloid isotonic solutions and antibiotic prophylaxis 30 min prior to surgery.~Surgery. General anesthesia with strict control of fluid therapy and hemodynamic changes during surgery. Appendectomy with the use of monopolar coagulation by experienced surgeons following appendix stump ligation by two Roeder knots.~Postoperative care. Antibiotics for 3-5 days for patients with complicated appendicitis (Gomez ≥ 3A). The postoperative pain level evaluation in rest by VAS in 0 h (immediately after awakening), 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postop. The postoperative analgesic modality on demand: Ketorolac 30 mg for patients with VAS pain level ≥ 5 cm. Antiemetics in dyspepsia. No iv infusions postoperatively. Intestinal peristalsis evaluation by auscultation every 2 h after surgery.
Study NCT04627402 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Conbercept and TA
Description: Intravitreous injection of Conbercept and TA
Study NCT04627402 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conbercept
Description: Intravitreous injection of Conbercept
Study NCT02158546 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ALKS 5461
Description: Sublingual tablet, taken once daily (in addition to open-label treatment with a commercially available antidepressant)
Study NCT02158546 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Sublingual tablet, taken once daily (in addition to open-label treatment with a commercially available antidepressant)
Study NCT02446522 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Open vein harvesting
Description: Open vein harvesting was performed as a continuous incision under vision control. The GSV was identified two fingers proximal to the medial malleolus according to the standard practice. The vein was harvested using Metzenbaum scissors, and a continuous incision was made along the route of the vein. Care was taken not to traumatize the nerve, vein or its branches. Vein branches were ligated with titanium clips. The wound was closed in layers with continuous 2-0 Polysorb sutures and 3-0 skin sutures.
Study NCT03325725 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NewBreez LD intra-laryngeal implant
Description: NewBreez LD intra-laryngeal implantation
Study NCT01763619 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Freedom Cervical Disc
Study NCT03060135 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Check Your Drinking
Description: A anonymous brief survey designed to provide normative feedback of individual's drinking with the intent of motivating reductions in drinking
Study NCT03060135 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Hello Sunday Morning
Description: Brief online intervention that allows Individual's reflect on their drinking reductions progress and goals.
Study NCT03075527 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tremelimumab
Description: Tremelimumab blocks a receptor on immune cells that normally suppresses immune attack.
Study NCT03075527 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Durvalumab
Description: Durvalumab is a drug that blocks a protein often produced by cancer cells or surrounding cells to suppress immune cells from attacking cancer cells.
Study NCT03116698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Low dose DFD07 once daily
Description: Low dose DFD07 once daily
Study NCT03116698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High dose DFD07 once daily
Description: High dose DFD07 once daily
Study NCT03116698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High dose DFD07 twice daily
Description: High dose DFD07 twice daily
Study NCT03116698 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo twice daily
Description: Placebo twice daily
Study NCT01290380 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ASA404, DMXAA, DXAA
Description: ASA404 (5,6-dimethylxantheone-4-acetic acid) DMXAA or DXAA
Study NCT02301182 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ADM X3-MoP Cup
Study NCT02301182 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CoC Cup
Study NCT04002635 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Letrozole
Description: Letrozole ovulation induction
Study NCT04002635 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: estradiol valerate
Description: hormonal replacement therapy
Study NCT04462094 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at end-of-surgery
Description: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at end-of-surgery (intravenously)
Study NCT04462094 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at end-of-surgery
Description: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at end-of-surgery (intravenously)
Study NCT04462094 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at anesthesia induction
Description: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at anesthesia induction (intravenously)
Study NCT04462094 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at anesthesia induction
Description: Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg at anesthesia induction (intravenously)
Study NCT00844753 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: atomoxetine
Description: atomoxetine
Study NCT00844753 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo + parent management treatment
Study NCT00844753 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Parent Management Training
Study NCT00844753 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Parent Management Training
Study NCT03452696 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Calcium supplement
Description: Calcium supplement for low contribution of elemental calcium in the daily diet
Study NCT03452696 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Calcium supplement
Description: Calcium supplement for low contribution of elemental calcium in the daily diet
Study NCT02984527 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: wet wipes
Description: intimate hygiene with disposable wet wipes
Study NCT02984527 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: water and soap
Description: Intimate hygiene with water and soap
Study NCT01505842 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Colonoscopy with Indigo-Carmine chromoendoscopy
Description: Colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy using 0.2-0.5% Indigo-Carmine solution sprayed in the whole colon and rectum plus 32 random biopsies plus biopsies from suspicious areas
Study NCT01505842 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conventional white-light colonoscopy
Description: White light colonoscopy plus 32 random biopsies plus biopsies from suspicious areas
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: First session of fMRI: localization of the premotor areas of the medial frontal cortex
Description: Subjects should perform simple tasks to map the premotor areas of the medial frontal cortex. In this context, they will have to perform hand, tongue, ocular movements for about 20s. Additionally, as part of a control condition, they will need to perform eye fixation on a cross shown at the center of the screen for about 20s.
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Second fMRI session
Description: The subjects will position their left and right thumbs on response buttons. Each trial will begin with the appearance of one of 2 possible indexes. It will be an unknown abstract visual stimulus). After a variable delay of 0.5 to 6s (average = 2s), a blue or yellow circle will appear on the left or right of the screen.
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Third fMRI Session
Description: This session is identical to the second session but the subject will have to respond by performing saccadic ocular responses.
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Training fMRI session
Description: The training session will consist in training the subject to carry out the different behavioral tasks that he will then have to perform during the sessions of fMRI.
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Pilot behavioral study
Description: In a pilot study, 30 subjects will participate in a behavioral study (2 sessions of 2 hours each) aimed at establishing the learning characteristics of the different types of rare events unrelated to actions (visual and sensorimotors on the hand).
Study NCT03119909 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: fMRI Study
Description: Each subject will participate in 2 fMRI sessions of about 2 hours each: a first session in which a first version of the task will be presented and a second session in which the second version of the task will be presented.
Study NCT02300701 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Xolair
Description: According to manufacturer's instructions
Study NCT02300701 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study NCT00953368 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: remote ischemic preconditioning
Description: Remote ischemic preconditioning will be induced by four 5-min cycles of upper limb ischemia and 5-min reperfusion with a blood-pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg and be performed before and after the coronary anastomosis
Study NCT00953368 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: remote ischemic preconditioning
Description: Remote ischemic preconditioning will be induced by four 5-min cycles of upper limb ischemia and 5-min reperfusion with a blood-pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg and be performed before and after the coronary anastomosis
Study NCT04195152 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Observational
Description: No intervention
Study NCT01359709 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nicotine polacrilex
Description: Participants will apply Nicoderm (14 mg) patches everyday during this study.
Study NCT01359709 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Nicotine polacrilex
Description: Participants will apply Nicoderm (14 mg) patches everyday during this study.
Study NCT00853671 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Adenosine Stress Dual-source CTP
Description: Adenosine- continuous infusion at 140mcg/ kg/ min for 2.5 min; Iopamidol (IV contrast)- total dose of 150cc; Siemens SOMATOM Definition CT scanner (CT scan radiation) - effective radiation dose of approximately 13mSv (tube voltage 120kV, tube current 340mAs for one retrospectively gated cardiac CT with tube current modulation and two prospectively gated cardiac CTs on a Dual Source scanner)~This is an observational trial, and all patients will undergo the Adenosine Stress Dual-source CTP procedure.
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: -Given after general anesthesia
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Gabapentin
Description: * As per routine care~* Will not be prescribed for any patient with preexisting kidney disease or ≥ 65 years.
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Gabapentin
Description: * As per routine care~* Will not be prescribed for any patient with preexisting kidney disease or ≥ 65 years.
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Celecoxib
Description: * As per routine care~* Will not be prescribed for any patient with preexisting kidney disease or ≥ 65 years.~* Naproxen will be substituted for celecoxib in patients with sulfa allergies.
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Celecoxib
Description: * As per routine care~* Will not be prescribed for any patient with preexisting kidney disease or ≥ 65 years.~* Naproxen will be substituted for celecoxib in patients with sulfa allergies.
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Acetaminophen
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Acetaminophen
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Midazolam
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Midazolam
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT03084536 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: -As per routine care
Study NCT02446522 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Endoscopic vein harvesting
Description: Endoscopic vein harvesting was performed through minimal incisions with use of Vasoview 6 system (Maquet Medical Systems, Wayne, NJ, USA.) The vein was identified through a 3 cm incision below the knee. The incision site was sealed using a balloon port to create a tunnel inside the leg. A second unit with cautery was inserted via the port to cut and seal the tributary branches. A 1 cm skin incision was made near the groin to ligate the distal end of the GSV and remove the vein, which was checked for leakage. The wound was closed with 3-0 skin sutures
Study NCT01068847 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 2-4 of the drugs listed below
Description: Cycloserine: 500, 675, 750 mg oral capsules may possibly given. Naloxone: 0.15mg/70Kg or 0.2mg/70kg I.M. injection may possibly be given. Nifedipine: 10, 20 mg oral capsules may possibly be given. Placebo (sugar pill or microcrystalline cellulose): oral capsules may be given. Saline: I.M. injection may possibly be given. Tizanidine: 4, 8, 12 mg oral capsules may possibly be given. Verapamil: 30, 60, 120 mg oral capsules may possibly be given.
Study NCT02967874 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Intra-articular auto-SVFs injection
Description: Liposuction under local anesthesia followed by single intra-articular injection of auto-SVFs under the ultrasound navigation
Study NCT02967874 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Hyaluronic Acid
Description: Single intra-articular injection of Synocrom Forte 2% under the ultrasound navigation
Study NCT04052451 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MET-2
Description: Subjects will take study medication once daily for the duration of the study
Study NCT00507559 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Aptus Endovascular AAA Repair System
Description: EVAR (endovascular aneurysm repair)
Study NCT06068712 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Attentional Cue Type
Description: Positive cue (target), negative cue (distractor), or neutral cue (baseline)
Study NCT04449055 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Description: Participants will undergo 16 treatments consisting of intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and continuous theta burst stimulation targeting the medial prefrontal cortex, over a 4-week period that coincides with psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use disorder.
Study NCT02431351 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Selinexor
Description: 60 mg on Day 1 of each week for a 4 week cycle, given for ≥6 cycles.