AIM-Harvard/TrialPanorama-filtered huggingface dataset:
Study NCT01889524 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Jet nebulizer
Description: The JN (Misty Max, Air Life, Yorba Linda, USA) with a particle MMAD of 5 µm (according to the manufacturer information) was positioned in the circuit using a T piece placed between the circuit leak and the mask, and operated with oxygen flow at 8 L/min. Inhalation was performed using diethilene triamine penta-acetic technetium (99mTc-DTPA) with radioactivity of 25 millicuries (Nobre et al., 2007). Both nebulizers were charged with 2.5 mg of salbutamol and 0.25 mg of ipratropium bromide and normal saline solution to complete a fill volume of 3 mL.
Study NCT01889524 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Noninvasive ventilation-NIV
Description: Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP Synchrony, Respironics®, Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) was applied through face mask (Comfort Full 2, Respironics®, Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) attached with straps and pressure adjusted to12 cmH2O peak inspiratory pressure and 5 cmH2O of expiratory pressure at the beginning of the procedure. Patients were adapted to use NIV before starting measurements, pressures were titrated before reaching the established levels and just after this period masks were fitted using the straps. They were oriented to use a breathing pattern inspiring deeply and exhaling slowing to avoid ventilator-patient asynchrony.
Study NCT01889524 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Noninvasive ventilation-NIV
Description: Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP Synchrony, Respironics®, Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) was applied through face mask (Comfort Full 2, Respironics®, Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) attached with straps and pressure adjusted to12 cmH2O peak inspiratory pressure and 5 cmH2O of expiratory pressure at the beginning of the procedure. Patients were adapted to use NIV before starting measurements, pressures were titrated before reaching the established levels and just after this period masks were fitted using the straps. They were oriented to use a breathing pattern inspiring deeply and exhaling slowing to avoid ventilator-patient asynchrony.
Study NCT02927262 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Gilteritinib
Description: Oral tablet
Study NCT02927262 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Oral tablet
Study NCT00814151 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: MicroPhage S. aureus / MSSA / MRSA Blood Culture Test (prototype)
Description: In vitro diagnostic: The MicroPhage Intervention was to perform the MicroPhage diagnostic test to detect S. aureus in the blood culture sample and determine MSSA or MRSA status at 4 and 5 hours of test incubation. The Intervention results were not made available to the patient or their physician.
Study NCT01500512 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Clinical Observation
Description: Undergo observation
Study NCT03913403 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: ECHO
Description: Echocardiogram at baseline and 24 hours later
Study NCT03913403 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Blood Draw
Description: Blood Draw for Troponin Levels - 5ml at baseline and 24 hours later
Study NCT03139695 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Ultrasound
Description: High resolution Ultrasound of the Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles
Study NCT01697358 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
Description: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) using the Medtronic Specify 5-6-5 multicolumn surgical lead. Subjects will undergo an SCS screening test and, if successful, an implantable neurostimulation system implant. Any SCS group subject not implanted will continue to be treated with OMM and will be followed as part of the SCS group.
Study NCT01697358 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Optimal Medical Management (OMM)
Description: The investigator and subject will determine an individual OMM treatment plan, which should include non-investigational pharmacologic agents and/or therapies.
Study NCT04075110 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Montelukast 10mg
Description: Montelukast is an orally dosed drug (available as a chewable tablet) which is FDA-approved for the treatment of chronic asthma and prophylaxis and the prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. It is also approved for the relief of symptoms of both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.
Study NCT04075110 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo tablet once daily
Study NCT02121990 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Paclitaxel,
Study NCT02121990 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bevacizumab
Study NCT02121990 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cisplatin
Study NCT02121990 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Olaparib
Study NCT02968511 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: fecal microbiota transplant
Description: Fecal microbiota transplant for the treatment of severe, complicated C. difficile infection
Study NCT03694912 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Partial or radical nephrectomy
Description: The investigators perform partial or radical nephrectomy those diagnosed as RCC.
Study NCT02963935 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: liraglutide
Description: Administered subcutaneously (s.c., under the skin) once daily for 56 weeks. Dose gradually increased to 3.0 mg
Study NCT02963935 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: Administered subcutaneously (s.c., under the skin) once daily for 56 weeks. Dose gradually increased to 3.0 mg
Study NCT01444495 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Preoperative radiotherapy
Description: Preoperative radiotherapy 5x5 Gy (total dose of 25 Gy)
Study NCT01444495 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Preoperative radiotherapy
Description: Preoperative radiotherapy 5x5 Gy (total dose of 25 Gy)
Study NCT02731482 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Training Group
Description: Three sessions per week, each lasting 50 minutes, during eight weeks.~* Aerobic training in stepping training.~* Resistance training: Three sets of eight repetitions each, in both simultaneous members, using an elastic band. The trained muscles are quadriceps, hamstrings, deltoid and biceps.~* Once a week, patients will receive a phone call and every two weeks, patients will get a visit of the researcher at his home.
Study NCT02963935 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CMS Intensive Behavior Therapy
Description: Intensive Behaviour Therapy for obesity
Study NCT02963935 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CMS Intensive Behavior Therapy
Description: Intensive Behaviour Therapy for obesity
Study NCT03929627 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Cortisol awakening response
Description: Cortisol awakening response
Study NCT06330454 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: I-ONE
Description: Pulsed Electromagnetic fields joint therapy
Study NCT02764697 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: H.P. ACTHAR SUBCUTANEOUS GEL INJECTION
Description: Subcutaneous injection twice weekly
Study NCT04945031 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: cannabis
Description: This study is observational study, we recorded history of substance used, symptoms and medication in a medical chart.
Study NCT02767505 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: gastric bypass
Description: Type of surgery: gastric bypass
Study NCT02767505 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sleeve gastrectomy
Description: Typ of surgery: sleeve gastrectomy
Study NCT01810211 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Horizontal Adduction Stretch and Pendulums
Study NCT01810211 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Modified Sleeper Stretch and Pendulum
Study NCT00799110 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GM-CSF
Description: Injections given subcutaneously at the sight of vaccination on the day of the vaccination and for three days afterwards
Study NCT00799110 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusion Vaccine
Description: Given subcutaneously once every three weeks for a total of three vaccines
Study NCT02731482 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control Group
Description: * The participants will receive verbal and written information about the importance of physical activity and walk in moderate intensity, at least, three times a week for 30 minutes.~* Participants will not receive any supervised physical training.~* Once a week, patients will receive a phone call to provide support and general advice.
Study NCT04231851 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Glasdegib
Description: Given PO
Study NCT04231851 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CPX-351
Description: Given IV
Study NCT01444495 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Surgery
Description: Total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer
Study NCT00799110 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: imiquimod
Description: Cream applied to the skin at the injection sight 2 hours before injection and for 3 days following the injection
Study NCT02570841 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Topical High dose Capsaicin
Description: Topical High dose Capsaicin exposure within an area of 3x3 cm for 60 minutes
Study NCT02570841 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Topical Placebo
Description: Placebo exposure within an area of 3x3 cm for 60 minutes
Study NCT03104920 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ERAS Program
Description: An ERAS pathway comprises of optimized management of diet, mobilization, multimodal perioperative analgesia and GI function recovery modalities.
Study NCT01444495 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Surgery
Description: Total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer
Study NCT03104920 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Traditional treatment
Description: A traditional perioperative management for HCC.
Study NCT02799043 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard PVI
Description: Standard PVI procedure without FIRMap.
Study NCT02799043 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: FIRM-Guided Procedure and PVI
Study NCT05293262 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Endourological surgery
Description: Includes ureteral stent insertion, ureteroscopies and retrograde intrarenal surgeies
Study NCT01988558 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DL - Lactic Acid
Description: Treated group to receive DL - Lactic Acid Syrup (Raspberry flavored)
Study NCT01988558 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Raspberry flavored syrup
Description: Placebo group to receive Raspberry flavored Syrup
Study NCT02003157 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: hypnosis during embryo transfer or usual transfer procedure
Study NCT02498795 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Group of Dry Needling
Description: Every group will receive a total of 4 treatment distributed throughout 8 weeks of treatment. The program of eccentric exercises that will have to realize it in his domicile every day.
Study NCT02498795 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Group of Electrolysis
Description: Every group will receive a total of 4 treatment distributed throughout 8 weeks of treatment. The program of eccentric exercises that will have to realize it in his domicile every day.
Study NCT02498795 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control Group
Description: Every group will receive a total of 4 treatment distributed throughout 8 weeks of treatment. The program of eccentric exercises that will have to realize it in his domicile every day.
Study NCT01204385 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Sample collection
Description: Middle ear fluid and urine
Study NCT03186157 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Decompressive craniectomy
Description: Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat patients with acute intractable intracranial hypertension. It includes removing a large portion of lateral skull wall in order to alleviate the effects of increased intracranial pressure and allow the brain to expand.
Study NCT03186157 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Cranioplasty
Description: Cranioplasty is a routine neurosurgical procedure to repair the continuity of the bone tissue of the skull with autologous bone or synthetic bone flap from heterologous material.
Study NCT00837135 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Screening
Description: A. SCREENING~1. Consent~2. Disease Evaluation (CT Scan/MRI; EGC/EUS; Laparoscopy)~3. Physical Exam, History, Blood Tests~4. Skin Test (for allergy to saccaromyces cerevisiae) yeast.~5. Collection of Blood for research~B. CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION (as determined by Doctor)~C. ENROLLMENT INTO ACTIVE PART OF STUDY~1. Consent~2. Chemotherapy~3. GI-4000 Vaccine #1 + Prevnar + Activated T Cells~4. GI-4000 Vaccine #2~5. Disease Evaluation (CT Scan/MRI). If disease has spread, subject is taken off study. If disease is stable, subject go on to ARM A or ARM B.
Study NCT00837135 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GI-4000 Vaccine
Description: 1. Chemotherapy and Radiation~2. GI-4000 Vaccine #3~3. GI-4000 Vaccine #4
Study NCT00837135 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GI-4000 Vaccine + Activated T Cells
Description: 1. Apheresis #2~2. Chemoradiation~3. Activated T Cells + GI-4000 Vaccine #3~4. GI-4000 Vaccine #4
Study NCT00837135 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Surgical Evaluation after Vaccine #4
Description: SURGICAL EVALUATION (to determine disease status) A. For those who have complete removal of tumor. These subjects will continue to receive Chemotherapy AND GI-4000 Vaccination Monthly during Chemotherapy. Disease evaluation every 3-6 months (CT Scan/MR.~B. For those sucjects who cannot have surgery or who have not had complete removal of tumor. These subjects will continue to have GI-4000 Vaccinations Monthly as long as there is no disease progression. Disease evaluation every 3-6 months (CT Scan/MR.
Study NCT04074837 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: NNI-362
Description: NNI-362 small molecule in liquid suspension.
Study NCT04074837 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo liquid suspension
Study NCT01514578 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TRV130A
Description: Intravenous infusion of 1 hour duration
Study NCT01514578 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dextrose in Water
Description: Intravenous infusion of 1 hour duration
Study NCT02130037 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: application
Description: along standard psychotharpy we use a smartphone application that allows the patient to monitor her meals, behaviours, emotions and thoughts and to communicate them directly in real time to their therapists.
Study NCT00402142 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dendritic cell vaccine
Description: 107 DC subcutaneous 3 doses every 2 weeks
Study NCT00402142 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: non pulsed dendritic cell untreated patients
Description: 107 DC subcutaneous 3 doses every 2 weeks
Study NCT00402142 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: pulsed dendritic cell vaccine
Description: 107 DC subcutaneous 3 doses every 2 weeks
Study NCT00402142 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: dendritic cell vaccine
Description: 107 DC subcutaneous 3 doses every 2 weeks
Study NCT00402142 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: non pulsed dendritic cell vaccine
Description: 107 DC subcutaneous 3 doses every 2 weeks
Study NCT04302818 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: SKOLKONTAKT
Description: N=21 participants are offered manualized and structured group training SKOLKONTAKT. The intervention includes 12 weeks, 3 sessions (50 minutes) per week.
Study NCT02130037 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: psychotherapy
Description: standard psychotherapy for eating disorders
Study NCT02130037 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: psychotherapy
Description: standard psychotherapy for eating disorders
Study NCT00635050 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Doxil, Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide, Avastin
Description: Regimen A: Doxil 25 mg/M2 iv and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3, then paclitaxel 175 mg/M2 i.v. and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3, then cyclophosphamide 600 mg/M2 i.v. and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3 . Patients who experience \<pCR to primary chemotherapy will receive an additional year of Avastin 15 mg/kg iv every 3 weeks, beginning 6-8 weeks after operation.~Regimen B: Doxil 30 mg/M2 iv and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3, then paclitaxel 175 mg/M2 i.v. and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3, then cyclophosphamide 600 mg/M2 i.v. and Avastin 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks x 3. Patients who experience \<pCR to primary chemotherapy will receive an additional year of Avastin15 mg/kg iv every 3 weeks, beginning 6-8 weeks after operation.
Study NCT03314896 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laparoscopic surgery
Study NCT03063645 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AC-1202
Description: 60 g AC-1202 mixed in 240 mL of water at Hour 0 Day 1
Study NCT03063645 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AC-SD-01 (50 g)
Description: 50 g AC-SD-01 mixed in 240 mL of water at Hour 0 Day 1
Study NCT03063645 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AC-SD-01 (75 g)
Description: 75 g AC-SD-01 mixed in 240 mL of water at Hour 0 Day 1
Study NCT03728686 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Different given time
Description: Fentanyl 2mcg/kg (F) was given at either 1,2,3 minutes before intubation
Study NCT03728686 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Different given time
Description: Fentanyl 2mcg/kg (F) was given at either 1,2,3 minutes before intubation
Study NCT00621114 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: GamCath® central venous catheter
Description: Choice of central venous catheter type
Study NCT00621114 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GamCath Dolphin® Protect central venous catheter
Description: Choice of central venous catheter type
Study NCT01933763 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REGN1193
Study NCT01933763 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Study NCT01686321 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bendamustine and subcutaneous rituximab
Study NCT04448847 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bif195
Description: Active trial product with minimum 100 billion CFU daily dose
Study NCT04448847 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo similar to trial product but without Bif195
Study NCT04302818 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Social activity group
Description: N=21 participants. The active comparison group includes 12 weeks, 3 sessions (50 minutes) per week. Sessions will include socially oriented activities such as board games, sports or baking as well as a recommended, general agenda.
Study NCT01434407 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dietary meal intervention
Description: Test meals with different AGE content made by different cooking methods
Study NCT02534818 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: lower fluorescein sodium dosage 0.02ml/kg
Description: fluorescein Sodium Dose of 0.02ml/kg on gastric intestinal metapalsia
Study NCT02534818 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: conventional fluorescein sodium dosage 0.1ml/kg
Description: fluorescein Sodium Dose of 0.1ml/kg on gastric intestinal metapalsia
Study NCT03264313 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Description: Patients undergoing of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Mtimulation (dTMS) for smoking cessation
Study NCT03767205 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ankle Assist Robot
Description: 1. overground walking in three conditions (with robot-torque on/with robot-torque off/without robot). During overground walking, gait function was measured using motion analysis, sEMG, and force plate~2. treadmill waking in three conditions (with robot-torque on/with robot-torque off/without robot). During treadmill walking, the metabolic energy expenditure was measured using a portable cardiopulmonary metabolic system (Cosmed K4b², Rome, Italy).