AIM-Harvard/TrialPanorama-filtered huggingface dataset:
Study NCT03263650 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Prednisone 5Mg
Description: 5 mg administered by mouth twice daily on days 1-21 of cycles 1-6.
Study NCT03263650 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Olaparib
Description: Administered by mouth twice daily at a dose of 300 mg by mouth twice daily, dispensed on Day 1 of cycle 7 to participants randomized to receive olaparib maintenance and every 21 days thereafter until the participant completes the study, withdraws from the study or the closure of the study.
Study NCT04099394 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Behavioral Health
Description: Ten, group-based classes lasting one hour each that teaches symptom management and promotes physical activity.
Study NCT04099394 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Health Education
Description: Ten, group-based classes lasting one hour each that teaches topics related to aging and health (e.g., blood pressure control, maintaining healthy bones, cancer screening, immunizations).
Study NCT02157324 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: acalabrutinib
Study NCT02157324 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ACP-319
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Olanzapine
Description: oral
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Chemotherapy (cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin)
Description: oral or IV
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Chemotherapy (cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin)
Description: oral or IV
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Antiemetic treatment (ondansetron or granisetron or palonosetron; plus dexamethasone; plus fosaprepitant or aprepitant)
Description: oral or IV
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Antiemetic treatment (ondansetron or granisetron or palonosetron; plus dexamethasone; plus fosaprepitant or aprepitant)
Description: oral or IV
Study NCT02307396 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluspirilene
Study NCT02307396 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pimozide
Study NCT02116530 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: oral
Study NCT03761108 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Linvoseltamab
Description: Administered by IV infusion and/or SC
Study NCT06426940 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: anesthesia-related critical events
Description: anesthesia-related critical events
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Allogeneic HSCT
Description: Stem cell transplant
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Busulfan Test dose
Description: 0.8 mg/kg IV infusion over 3 hours one time dose administered 5 to 14 days prior to start of preparative regimen (Days -11 to -20)
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fludarabine (Fludara, Berlex Laboratories)
Description: 40 mg/m2 IV (in the vein) over 30 minutes (in the vein) once daily on Days -6, -5, -4, and -3 or 30 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes (in the vein) once daily on Days -6, -5, -4, -3, and -2
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Busulfan (Busulfex)
Description: 3.2 mg/kg IV (in the vein) over 3 hours once daily on Days -6, -5, -4 and -3 (weight based dosing). If in Arm B and if poor or very poor risk clonal chromosomal abnormalities, busulfan will also be given on day -2.
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cyclophosphamide (CTX, Cytoxan)
Description: 14.5 mg/kg IV (in the vein) infusion over 30 minutes once daily on days -6 and -5 (weight based dosing) or 50 mg/kg IV infusion over 2 hours on day -6 (weight based dosing). For post-transplant, 50/kg IV once daily x2 doses on days +3 and +4
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Total Body Irradiation (TBI)
Description: 200 cGy on Day -1
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)
Description: 15mg/kg IV over 2 hours BID starting on day +5 will continue until day +35 (+/- 2 days)
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Tacrolimus
Description: 0.02mg/kg IV continuous infusion over 24 hours starting on day +5 until day +180
Study NCT01861106 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Equine Anti-Thymocyte Globulin
Description: (Deleted this intervention per amendment I): 30mg/kg IV (in the vein)once daily x 3 days on Days -6, -5, -4 (3 doses total)
Study NCT02543983 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner, 3T
Description: Non-significant risk device used for brain imaging.
Study NCT02543983 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NeurOptics PLRTM-3000 Pupillometer
Description: The NeurOptics PLRTM-3000 Pupillometer will use quantitative infrared technology to objectively and accurately measure pupil size and dynamics.
Study NCT02543983 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Experimental Anxiety Devices
Description: Acoustic startle and shock devices are used to evaluate anxious responses to stimuli. Both are considered non-significant risk under this study.
Study NCT02543983 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner, 7T
Description: Non-significant risk device used for brain imaging.
Study NCT02543983 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ketamine Hydrochloride
Description: A non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. This drug is exempt from FDA IND review under the study.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Calcium
Description: At least 500 mg of calcium (1 pill) by mouth daily until the study doctor thinks it is in their best interest to stop.
Study NCT00001379 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Interferon
Description: For LYG Grade 1 and 2: Interferon starting at 7.5 million Units subQ 3 times a week and increasing on the following schedule: 10 million U; 15 million U; 20 million U; 25 million U; and increased in 5 million U increments, as tolerated. Patients continue taking interferon for 1 year beyond CR.
Study NCT00001379 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rituxan and EPOCH
Description: For LYG Grade 3: EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituxan) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vitamin D
Description: 400 IU of vitamin D (1 pill) by mouth daily until the study doctor thinks it is in their best interest to stop.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: zoledronic acid
Description: 4 mg of Zoledronic acid intravenously once a month until the study doctor thinks it is in their best interest to stop.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: zoledronic acid
Description: 4 mg of Zoledronic acid intravenously once a month until the study doctor thinks it is in their best interest to stop.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sm-153
Description: Single dose intravenously 1 mCi/kg body weight.
Study NCT00365105 — intervention group
Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sr-89
Description: Single dose intravenously 4 mCi.
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Berzosertib
Description: Given IV
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Carboplatin
Description: Given IV
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carboplatin
Description: Given IV
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Docetaxel
Description: Given IV
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Description: Correlative studies
Study NCT03517969 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Description: Correlative studies
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blinatumomab
Description: Given CIVI
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cyclophosphamide
Description: Given IV
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cytarabine
Description: Given IT and IV
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dexamethasone
Description: Given IV or PO
Study NCT04380597 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate aerosol foam
Description: Prescribed according to clinical practice and following Product Data Sheet instructions
Study NCT03108053 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Semirigid Ureteroscopy (URS) With Guide Wire
Description: Semirigid URS is the operations used for ureteral stone disease. In routine practice it is most commonly done with the use of a guide wire. It is conducted with ureteroscope and stone is disintegrated most commonly with lasers.
Study NCT03108053 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Semirigid Ureteroscopy (URS) Without Guide Wire
Description: Semirigid URS is the operations used for ureteral stone disease . It is conducted with ureteroscope and stone is disintegrated most commonly with lasers.
Study NCT00006348 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ondansetron
Study NCT00006348 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: placebo
Study NCT00967460 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lifestyle intervention
Description: Promoting unstructured spontaneous physical in childcare through an adaptation of the built environment and the provision of a supportive social environment
Study NCT02287155 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: occupation based health promotion
Description: The description of the intervention is provided in the detailed description of the study.
Study NCT04275986 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
Description: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a total dose of 45Gy in 25 fractions
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
Description: Given IV
Study NCT04275986 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Chemotherapy
Description: Nedaplatin 25 mg/m2 and Paclitaxel liposome 45mg/m2, day 1, every week, 5 weeks
Study NCT04093375 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Radical Prostatectomy
Description: Radical prostatectomy with or without androgen deprivation therapy
Study NCT04093375 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Radical Radiotherapy
Description: Radical Radiotherapy with adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy
Study NCT02811432 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Kangaroo mother care
Description: Skin-to-skin care (target: at least 18 hours per day)
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Description: Correlative studies
Study NCT03831516 — intervention group
Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Non Invasive Electroanatomical Mapping
Description: All patients will undergo non contrast CT chest and be fitted with the Medtronic CardioInsight wearable 252 electrode vest. Non invasive electroanatomical maps of the ventricular arrhythmia will be created. All patients will be then brought to the electrophysiology laboratory and undergo an invasive electrophysiology study and ablation of the ventricular arrhythmia.
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AL-37807 ophthalmic suspension, 0.1%
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: AL-37807 ophthalmic suspension, 0.1%
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Timolol gel forming solution, 0.5%
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mercaptopurine
Description: Given PO
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: AL-37807 ophthalmic solution vehicle
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Latanoprost ophthalmic solution
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Latanoprost ophthalmic solution
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Methotrexate
Description: Given IT, IV, and PO
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Prednisone
Description: Given PO
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rituximab
Description: Given IV
Study NCT01371630 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vincristine
Description: Given IV
Study NCT01571986 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Non-invasive ventilation
Description: Non-invasive ventilation
Study NCT00620256 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Latanoprost ophthalmic solution
Study NCT03781895 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cholecalciferol
Description: • Cholecalciferol (40,000IU),~,Microcrystalline Cellulose (58.1 gm), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene ( 0.2mg),Magnesium Stearate (3mg),Gelatin Capsule Shell (1mg)
Study NCT03745924 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Nonacog beta pegol
Description: Participants are treated with commercially available nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) according to local clinical practice at the discretion of the treating physician
Study NCT03781895 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cholecalciferol
Description: • Cholecalciferol (40,000IU),~,Microcrystalline Cellulose (58.1 gm), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene ( 0.2mg),Magnesium Stearate (3mg),Gelatin Capsule Shell (1mg)
Study NCT00804154 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Intrathecal Resiniferatoxin
Description: phase I, single-site, non-randomized, open-label, dose-escalation study to determine the safety and efficacy of IT RTX in subjects with severe refractory pain due to advanced malignancy
Study NCT03705585 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vivotif Typhoid Oral Vaccine
Description: The 4 doses (1 capsule each) will be administered on alternate days, e.g., days 0, 2, 4, and 7 (± 1 day) under the supervision of the study coordinator(s).
Study NCT03705585 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vaxchora
Description: One dose. Approximately 100 mL of cool or room temperature purified bottled water is placed into a clean disposable cup. The contents of the buffer sachet are added to the water and stirred. Then the contents of the active (lyophilized vaccine) sachet are added to the water and stirred for approximately 30 seconds. The reconstituted mixture should be completely ingested within 15 minutes.
Study NCT03152773 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MRI Heart guidewire catheterization
Description: to conduct left and right heart guidewire catheterization using real-time MRI fluoroscopy in human research subjects already undergoing medically necessary left and right heart catheterization. We will use only passive MRI-compatible catheters and a specific guidewire shown to be safe under specific conditions. Under the conditions of use, the guidewire is not susceptible to heating.
Study NCT03770325 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Berberine
Description: Purified berberine (500 mg orally twice a day) in tablets for 12 weeks
Study NCT03770325 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo tablets, prepared with the same appearance, for 12 weeks
Study NCT03914547 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REDCHiP
Description: REDCHiP includes 10 telehealth sessions. REDCHiP uses a three-pronged approach to reduce parents' FH. It uses T1D education and problem-solving to enhance parents' knowledge and skills. It uses child age-appropriate behavioral parent training to promote parents' skills and confidence in managing disruptive child behaviors and reducing their reliance on hypoglycemia avoidance behaviors. It uses cognitive-behavioral therapy strategies to help parents reduce maladaptive thinking/coping related to hypoglycemia fear.
Study NCT03914547 — intervention group
Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ATTN
Description: Provides a similar attention control. ATTN includes 10 telehealth sessions.
Study NCT00223171 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Androgen blockade + radiation therapy
Description: Androgen blockade + radiation therapy
Study NCT00223171 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Androgen blockade + radiation therapy
Description: Androgen blockade + radiation therapy
Study NCT02811432 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard care
Description: Incubator or radiant warmer until neonate meets stability criteria; once stable (WHO indication for KMC certain), the baby can transition to routine (intermittent) KMC
Study NCT04605874 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Package Quantity (cigarillos)
Description: After a 5-day period of smoking their own preferred brand of cigarillos, participants will begin a 15-day experimental period when they will be randomized to one of two conditions, 2 cigarillos per pack versus 4 cigarillos per pack.
Study NCT02429219 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Saline Irrigation with Ethanol
Description: Saline Irrigation with Ethanol (alcohol)
Study NCT02429219 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Saline Irrigation with Ethanol
Description: Saline Irrigation with Ethanol (alcohol)
Study NCT02429219 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: transurethral resection of the prostate
Description: transurethral electro-resection of the prostate (TURP)
Study NCT02429219 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: photoselective vaporisation of the prostate
Description: photoselective laser-vaporisation of the prostate (PVP)
Study NCT04404036 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: SinuSonic Device
Description: A medical device that utilizes sound and pressure combined with normal breathing to relieve nasal congestion.
Study NCT04054869 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bio-mechanically correct manual therapy at the cervical atlanto-axial joints
Description: Participant is seated in a firm backed chair. The treating physical therapist mobilizes both the ipsi-lateral and contra-lateral atlanto-axial spinal segments congruently to the direction of rotational loss.
Study NCT04054869 — intervention group
Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bio-mechanically in-correct manual therapy at the cervical atlanto-axial joints
Description: Participant is seated in a firm backed chair. The treating physical therapist mobilizes both the ipsi-lateral and contra-lateral atlanto-axial spinal segments in-congruently to the direction of rotational loss.
Study NCT02982434 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pharmaceutical composition containing botulinum toxin
Study NCT02982434 — intervention group
Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 0.9% normal saline
Study NCT02982434 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Coronary artery bypass grafting
Study NCT02982434 — intervention group
Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Coronary artery bypass grafting
Study NCT04221737 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: APRV. General Electric Healthcare Engstrom ventilator system
Description: APRV consist of an extended time at plateau pressure (a continuous positive airway pressure phase) comprising about 90% of the respiratory cycle, while providing very brief releases to enhance carbon dioxide removal. Time-controlled adaptive method requires interpretation of the expiratory flow curve to assess changes in lung elastance and, therefore, set the Time low to optimize carbon dioxide removal, but not at the expense of alveolar derecruitment and instability.
Study NCT04221737 — intervention group
Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conventional. General Electric Healthcare Engstrom ventilator system
Description: Lung protective ventilation consist of delivery of low tidal volumes (4-6 ml/kg PBW), high PEEP enough to avoid de-recruitment, titrated according to ARDSNet PEEP/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) table, while avoiding excessive transpulmonary pressure.