87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Non-malleable coding, introduced by Dziembowski et al. (ICS 2010), aims for protecting the integrity of information against tampering attacks in situations where error detection is impossible. Intuitively, information encoded by a non-malleable code either decodes to the original message or, in presence of any tampering, to an unrelated message. Non-malleable coding is possible against any class of adversaries of bounded size. In particular, Dziembowski et al. show that such codes exist and may achieve positive rates for any class of tampering functions of size at most , for any constant . However, this result is existential and has thus attracted a great deal of subsequent research on explicit constructions of non-malleable codes against natural classes of adversaries. In this work, we consider constructions of coding schemes against two well-studied classes of tampering functions; namely, bit-wise tampering functions (where the adversary tampers each bit of the encoding independently) and the much more general class of split-state adversaries (where two independent adversaries arbitrarily tamper each half of the encoded sequence). We obtain the following results for these models. (1) For bit-tampering adversaries, we obtain explicit and efficiently encodable and decodable non-malleable codes of length n achieving rate and error (also known as exact security) . Alternatively, it is possible to improve the error to at the cost of making the construction Monte Carlo with success probability (while still allowing a compact description of the code). Previously, the best known construction of bit-tampering coding schemes was due to Dziembowski et al. (ICS 2010), which is a Monte Carlo construction achieving rate close to .1887. (2) We initiate the study of seedless non-malleable extractors as a natural variation of the notion of non-malleable extractors introduced by Dodis and Wichs (STOC 2009). We show that construction of non-malleable codes for the split-state model reduces to construction of non-malleable two-source extractors. We prove a general result on existence of seedless non-malleable extractors, which implies that codes obtained from our reduction can achieve rates arbitrarily close to 1 / 5 and exponentially small error. In a separate recent work, the authors show that the optimal rate in this model is 1 / 2. Currently, the best known explicit construction of split-state coding schemes is due to Aggarwal, Dodis and Lovett (ECCC TR13-081) which only achieves vanishing (polynomially small) rate.
Past research has shown that individuals low in prejudice think more carefully when information is from or about stigmatized individuals than non-stigmatized individuals. One explanation for this effect is that the heightened scrutiny stems from a motivation to guard against potential prejudice toward stigmatized others (i.e. watchdog motivation). The present research tested a variation of the watchdog hypothesis based on the idea of implicit ambivalence. Specifically, we argue that among individuals low in explicit (i.e., deliberative) prejudice, it is those who are also relatively high in implicit (i.e., automatic) prejudice who will do the most processing in prejudice relevant contexts. The implicit ambivalence framework also makes a novel prediction that individuals who are relatively high in explicit prejudice but low in implicit prejudice would also engage in enhanced information processing. As predicted, people with racial implicit-explicit attitude discrepancies, regardless of the direction of discrepancy, were found to engage in greater of scrutiny of a message about the hiring of Black faculty (study 1), a message about a Black job candidate (study 2), and even when the Black concept was merely primed subliminally prior to reading a race-irrelevant message (study 3). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The explosive growth of the location-enabled devices coupled with the increasing use of Internet services has led to an increasing awareness of the importance and usage of geospatial information in many applications. The mobile navigation apps (often called Maps), use a variety of available data sources to calculate and predict the travel time for different modes. This paper evaluates the pedestrian mode of Maps apps in three major smartphone operating systems (Android, iOS and Windows Phone). We will demonstrate that the Maps apps on iOS, Android and Windows Phone in pedestrian mode, predict travel time without learning from the individual's movement profile. Then, we will exemplify that those apps suffer from a specific data quality issue (the absence of information about location and type of pedestrian crossings). Finally, we will illustrate learning from movement profile of individuals using predictive analytics models to improve the accuracy of travel time estimation for each user (personalization).
Developing the factory of the future is an objective of the Graduate School of Excellence advanced Manufacturing Engineering (GSaME) in Stuttgart. To achieve this goal several research areas concerning the factory of the future exist. For example, strategies and factories development, information and communication for manufacturing, material and process engineering, or management of global manufacturing networks. One specific research project within the area management of global manufacturing networks is global manufacturing networks as software-intensive service providers, which started in December 2012. This research project deals with the questions, how the factory of the future is able to satisfy its increasing need of information and communication technology (ICT) in the future, and how to compose different ICT-services, which should be integrated in the existing global manufacturing network in a second step. The contribution in hand considers the motivation, relevance, and research objective of this research project.
Recent forecasts suggest that African countries must triple their current electricity generation by 2030. Our multicriteria assessment of wind and solar potential for large regions of Africa shows how economically competitive and low-environmental-impact renewable resources can significantly contribute to meeting this demand. We created the Multicriteria Analysis for Planning Renewable Energy (MapRE) framework to map and characterize solar and wind energy zones in 21 countries in the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and the Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP) and find that potential is several times greater than demand in many countries. Significant fractions of demand can be quickly served with no-regrets options-or zones that are low-cost, low-environmental impact, and highly accessible. Because no-regrets options are spatially heterogeneous, international interconnections are necessary to help achieve low-carbon development for the region as a whole, and interconnections that support the best renewable options may differ from those planned for hydropower expansion. Additionally, interconnections and selecting wind sites to match demand reduce the need for SAPP-wide conventional generation capacity by 9.5% in a high-wind scenario, resulting in a 6-20% cost savings, depending on the avoided conventional technology. Strategic selection of low-impact and accessible zones is more cost effective with interconnections compared with solutions without interconnections. Overall results are robust to multiple load growth scenarios. Together, results show that multicriteria site selection and deliberate planning of interconnections may significantly increase the economic and environmental competitiveness of renewable alternatives relative to conventional generation.
Background: Impaired interpretation of nonverbal emotional cues in patients with schizophrenia has been reported in several studies and a clinical relevance of these deficits for social functioning has been assumed. However, it is unclear to what extent the impairments depend on specific emotions or specific channels of nonverbal communication. Methods: Here, the effect of cue modality and emotional categories on accuracy of emotion recognition was evaluated in 21 patients with schizophrenia and compared to a healthy control group (n = 21). To this end, dynamic stimuli comprising speakers of both genders in three different sensory modalities (auditory, visual and audiovisual) and five emotional categories (happy, alluring, neutral, angry and disgusted) were used. Results: Patients with schizophrenia were found to be impaired in emotion recognition in comparison to the control group across all stimuli. Considering specific emotions more severe deficits were revealed in the recognition of alluring stimuli and less severe deficits in the recognition of disgusted stimuli as compared to all other emotions. Regarding cue modality the extent of the impairment in emotional recognition did not significantly differ between auditory and visual cues across all emotional categories. However, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly more severe disturbances for vocal as compared to facial cues when sexual interest is expressed (alluring stimuli), whereas more severe disturbances for facial as compared to vocal cues were observed when happiness or anger is expressed. Conclusion: Our results confirmed that perceptual impairments can be observed for vocal as well as facial cues conveying various social and emotional connotations. The observed differences in severity of impairments with most severe deficits for alluring expressions might be related to specific difficulties in recognizing the complex social emotional information of interpersonal intentions as compared to basic emotional states. Therefore, future studies evaluating perception of nonverbal cues should consider a broader range of social and emotional signals beyond basic emotions including attitudes and interpersonal intentions. Identifying specific domains of social perception particularly prone for misunderstandings in patients with schizophrenia might allow for a refinement of interventions aiming at improving social functioning.
This paper reviews recent developments in power loss analysis applicable, but not limited to, the thermal design of permanent-magnet machines. Accurate and computationally efficient loss prediction is an essential element in the thermal analysis of electrical machines and has become an increasingly important part of the machine design process. The continuous drive toward more electric technologies has resulted in a need for a more comprehensive and detailed design approach, where various multiphysics and multidisciplinary effects are accounted for. This design for application methodology relies strongly on the advancements and evolution of the existing theoretical and experimental design techniques to satisfy the evermore-demanding machine design requirements. The thermal behavior and efficiency of the power conversion are essential performance measures in the design for application approach. An overview of the challenges and limitations regarding power loss analysis in the context of the thermal design of electrical machines is provided in this paper. All of the major loss components associated with the active parts of a machine assembly are discussed.
In many research universities, mechanical engineering (ME) curriculum does not include courses that teach ME students essential professional knowledge needed to become a design engineer. Professional know-how is not regarded as an academic topic, although a mechanical designer who will get a job in industry will need to apply this knowledge from his first day. Topics such as selecting mechanical elements (motors, bearings, seals etc.) from a catalog or selecting a proper material or coating for a designed part, are rarely taught even in machine design courses. We believe that mechanical engineering students should learn practical skills and get basic design experience. To close this gap, we introduced a new Design and Manufacture Laboratory for senior ME undergraduate students. The paper describes the laboratory course, students' activities and design projects. The design projects performed in the lab, follow the learned design methodology and include design reviews and appropriate documentation. The designed systems are produced, assembled and tested by each team. In addition to the learned technical skills, soft skills are taught in the lab related to mechanical design that include: team work, self-management, time management, communication skills and presentation skills. These soft skills are an essential tool for every mechanical engineer who starts to work in the global and changing industrial world. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The article reports on a small-scale study that examined the impact of examining the indispensable role of nonverbal communication in the overall communicative process of the English language learning (L2), at the Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan, for second year student on specialty Foreign Languages: two foreign languages over 7 weeks. Components of nonverbal communication play a key role, especially at the subconscious level, in speech discourse and an awareness of it and how it can vary from culture to culture. Moreover, it can be particularly important in helping students to develop their ability to understand in a real environment. In the first theoretical part of our research we defined the mostly widely spread components of nonverbal communication such as eye contact, facial expression, proximity and gesture. Additionally the article begins with comparing and identifying differences in the foreign and target languages. In fact, Kazakhstan is multilingual and multicultural country, that's why we investigate different components of nonverbal communication in native and foreign languages. Besides the features of nonverbal communication take a key role in L2 communicative competence, so more our attention has been given to practical teaching techniques that will help English language teachers incorporate this essential element into their multicultural classrooms. It considers the interplay of gesture, facial expression and gaze behaviour among interlocutors and gives special consideration to the second language learner and the obstacles that can be encountered in communicating cross culturally. Thus, the second practical part of the study investigates how L2 learners use eye contact, facial expression, proximity and gesture to communicate in conversational settings, and whether their gesturing in these settings facilitates L2 acquisition beyond the immediate context. Subsequently, we conducted 7 lessons implementing specific activities through video, project work, digital storytelling, and interviews. Hence in producing our own classroom activities we stimulate creativity so that to raise students' awareness of implementing different gestures, signs, facial expressions and customs around them that significantly contributes to the successful dialogue of cultures. Research suggests that listening activities are part of the comprehension experience and components of nonverbal communication form a large part of how we communicate our message, even if at times L2 students are unaware of it. Furthermore, comprehension of eye contact, facial expression, proximity and gesture may not help them when it comes to expressing themselves, but surprisingly just how much students understand without ever hearing a word. The results reveal that components of nonverbal communication effectively facilitate all of the cognitive processes of L2 students and vividly promote foreign language learning. Overall, the findings indicate that eye contact, facial expression, proximity and gesture can serve as productive intellectual aids for L2 learning in conversational and task-based settings.
Medicine Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. Concerning inhalant allergens, the safety of SLIT is overall superior to that of subcutaneous immunotherapy in terms of systemic adverse events. No fatality has been ever reported, and episodes of anaphylaxis were described only exceptionally. Looking at the historical and recent trials, most (>90%) adverse events are local and confined to the site of administration. For this reason, a specific grading system has been developed by the World Allergy Organization to classify and describe local adverse events. There is an increasing amount of literature concerning oral desensitization for food allergens, referred to as oral immunotherapy. Also, in this case, local side effects are predominant, although systemic adverse events are more frequent than with inhalant allergens. We review herein the description of local side effects due to SLIT, with a special focus on large trials having a declared sample size calculation. The use of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities nomenclature for adverse events is mentioned in this context, as recommended by regulatory agencies. It is expected that a uniform classification/grading of local adverse events will improve and harmonize the surveillance and reporting on the safety of SLIT. (C) 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:13-21)
Smart meter, as a key part of the smart grid, is responsible for collecting the user characteristics in the advanced metering infrastructure. As more and more applications have been upgraded to the IPv6 protocol, 6LoWPAN can potentially replace the ZigBee as the standard protocol in the Internet of Things area. Representing an application of IPv6 technology in the smart metering, this article introduces the design of an electricity information acquisition module. With STM32 microprocessor and SI4432 RF transmitter/receiver embedded in this module, a LAN has been set up for the data transmission based on the 6LoWPAN. The individual and system tests of this advanced module have shown its robustness, interference immunity, high network stability and lower power consumption comparing with other modules with different hardware and operating systems.
Introduction: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has continued development and standardization of methodologies for biomarkers and has provided an increased depth and breadth of data available to qualified researchers. This review summarizes the over 400 publications using ADNI data during 2014 and 2015. Methods: We used standard searches to find publications using ADNI data. Results: (1) Structural and functional changes, including subtle changes to hippocampal shape and texture, atrophy in areas outside of hippocampus, and disruption to functional networks, are detectable in presymptomatic subjects before hippocampal atrophy; (2) In subjects with abnormal beta-amyloid deposition (A beta+), biomarkers become abnormal in the order predicted by the amyloid cascade hypothesis; (3) Cognitive decline is more closely linked to tau than A beta deposition; (4) Cerebrovascular risk factors may interact with A beta to increase white-matter (WM) abnormalities which may accelerate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in conjunction with tau abnormalities; (5) Different patterns of atrophy are associated with impairment of memory and executive function and may underlie psychiatric symptoms; (6) Structural, functional, and metabolic network connectivities are disrupted as AD progresses. Models of prion-like spreading of A beta pathology along WM tracts predict known patterns of cortical A beta deposition and declines in glucose metabolism; (7) New AD risk and protective gene loci have been identified using biologically informed approaches; (8) Cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are heterogeneous and include groups typified not only by classic AD pathology but also by normal biomarkers, accelerated decline, and suspected non-Alzheimer's pathology; (9) Selection of subjects at risk of imminent decline on the basis of one or more pathologies improves the power of clinical trials; (10) Sensitivity of cognitive outcome measures to early changes in cognition has been improved and surrogate outcome measures using longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging may further reduce clinical trial cost and duration; (11) Advances in machine learning techniques such as neural networks have improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy especially in challenges involving MCI subjects; and (12) Network connectivity measures and genetic variants show promise in multimodal classification and some classifiers using single modalities are rivaling multimodal classifiers. Discussion: Taken together, these studies fundamentally deepen our understanding of AD progression and its underlying genetic basis, which in turn informs and improves clinical trial design. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Alzheimer's Association.
Across three studies, we examined the relationship between narcissism, prosocial behaviors, and the reasons why people engaged in them. Specifically, we examined how narcissistic people engaged in charitable donations, taking advantage of a naturally occurring mass charitable donation campaign, the ALS ice bucket challenge (Study 1). We also examined how narcissism was related to volunteering and other types of prosocial behaviors (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, we compared and contrasted the prosocial responses of more empathic versus more narcissistic people (Studies 2 and 3). This paper can help scholars and practitioners to determine under which circumstances, and for which reasons, narcissistic people may exhibit prosocial behaviors.
Rebirth is a revolutionary and decisive time for the arts and literature and society in general, is a good example of the pinnacle of human creativity. In that time, prominent individual geniuses left samples of impressive achievements, including Leonardo da Vinci stands out as one of the most fascinating figures of the Renaissance and one of the creators that has led to a greater number of myths about him. It is considered the paradigm of Renaissance homo universalis, dabbled in such varied fields as aerodynamics, hydraulics, anatomy, botany, painting and architecture, among others. His legacy has been as impressive as the magnitude of his myth and managed to develop and shape the Renaissance ideal of beauty.