87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
People differ in their implicit theories about the malleability of characteristics such as intelligence and personality. These relatively chronic theories can be experimentally altered, and can be affected by parent or teacher feedback. Little is known about whether people might selectively shift their implicit beliefs in response to salient situational goals. We predicted that, when motivated to reach a desired conclusion, people might subtly shift their implicit theories of change and stability to garner supporting evidence for their desired position. Any motivated context in which a particular lay theory would help people to reach a preferred directional conclusion could elicit shifts in theory endorsement. We examine a variety of motivated situational contexts across 7 studies, finding that people's theories of change shifted in line with goals to protect self and liked others and to cast aspersions on disliked others. Studies 1-3 demonstrate how people regulate their implicit theories to manage self-view by more strongly endorsing an incremental theory after threatening performance feedback or memories of failure. Studies 4-6 revealed that people regulate the implicit theories they hold about favored and reviled political candidates, endorsing an incremental theory to forgive preferred candidates for past gaffes but leaning toward an entity theory to ensure past failings stick to opponents. Finally, in Study 7, people who were most threatened by a previously convicted child sex offender (i.e., parents reading about the offender moving to their neighborhood) gravitated most to the entity view that others do not change. Although chronic implicit theories are undoubtedly meaningful, this research reveals a previously unexplored source of fluidity by highlighting the active role people play in managing their implicit theories in response to goals.
Natural streams are characterized by variation in cross-section geometry, bed-slope, bed roughness, hydraulic slope, etc., along their channels resulting from several interacting features of the riverine system including the effects of discharge changes, geologic context, sediment load, etc. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of river flow dynamics requires sufficient knowledge of hydraulics and these geophysical variables. Average flow condition theory expressed as At-A-Station hydraulic geometry (AHG) relations are site-specific power-functions, relating the mean stream channel forms (i.e. water depth, top width, flow velocity, and flow area) to discharge, have been studied since 50s. Establishing robust AHG relations requires pre-assessment of data quality by means of uncertainty analysis. Our paper introduces a recursive data filtering procedure to find both random and systematic errors in streamflow and river survey data that can be used to produce robust and informative AHG relations. The method is first verified on synthetic data and then by experiments over: (1) real discharge-stage ratings provided by daily streamflow records of U.S. Geological Survey/National Water Information System dataset (USGS/NWIS), and (2) field river survey measurement data from USGS/NWIS. This produces robust AHG relations at 4472 monitoring stations across the U.S. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Water permeability is one of the most important functional characteristics of the geotextiles, being mandatorily marked in the factsheets of any type of trademark geotextile. This feature is found in the standards under the denomination of Ge-Ye-Flow K. The Mathematical modeling of the water permeability of geotextiles examines the influence of the technological parameter's quality. Using the 3D and 2D graphics, it may achieve this purpose. In this paper it is considered that the technological parameters - interweaving density and depth of penetration - are independent variables which have a huge influence on the quality of the analyzed geotextiles
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological cancer, characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 [t(9;22)], producing the Bcr-Abl oncogene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent the standard of care for CML patients and exert a dual mode of action: direct oncokinase inhibition and restoration of effector-mediated immune surveillance, which is rendered dysfunctional in CML patients at diagnosis, prior to TKI therapy. TKIs such as imatinib, and more potent second-generation nilotinib and dasatinib induce a high rate of deep molecular response (DMR, BCR-ABL1 <= 0.01%) in CML patients. As a result, the more recent goal of therapy in CML treatment is to induce a durable DMR as a prelude to successful treatment-free remission (TFR), which occurs in approximately half of all CML patients who cease TKI therapy. The lack of overt relapse in such patients has been attributed to immunological control of CML. In this review, we discuss an immunological timeline to successful TFR, focusing on the immunology of CML during TKI treatment; an initial period of immune suppression, limiting antitumor immune effector responses in newly diagnosed CML patients, linked to an expansion of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells and aberrant expression of immune checkpoint signaling pathways, including programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1. Commencement of TKI treatment is associated with immune system re-activation and restoration of effector-mediated [natural killer (NK) cell and T cell] immune surveillance in CML patients, albeit with differing frequencies in concert with differing levels of molecular response achieved on TKI. DMR is associated with maximal restoration of immune recovery in CML patients on TKI. Current data suggest a net balance between both the effector and suppressor arms of the immune system, at a minimum involving mature, cytotoxic CD56dn NK cells may be important in mediating TFR success. However, a major goal remains in CML to identify the most effective pathways to target to maximize an advantageous immune response and promote TFR success.
Employers and mainly those the operate in an international context and interact in a multicultural environment want and look for employees who possess emotional competences, which influence and ease relationships between people, allow a better social cohesion, an emotional self-control and an alphabetisation of emotional states, and who work together for their personal benefit and not contrary to their expectations, needs and competences. An increasing number of specialists state that emotional intelligence is a central variable that affects leaders' performance. In this study, carried out in a sugar factory, we tried to characterise the internal environment of the organisation and the relationships that dominate them in order to identify and understand the situation the organisation is confronted with in terms of the relationship between managers and subordinates, empathy, nonverbal communication, self-control, handling relationships, emotional intelligence. We tried to provide exploratory evidence for the effects that emotional intelligence has on leaders and followers in terms of performance, results and work satisfaction. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The present study examines 536 Indian publications on Vitamin D Deficiency as covered in Scopus database during 2006-15, experiencing an annual average growth rate of 37.08%, citation impact per paper of 8.30 and international collaborative publication share of 15.30%. The global publications share on Vitamin D Deficiency came from several countries, of which the top 10 most productive countries accounted for 73.67% share of global publications and 99.22% share of global citations during 2006-15. A large number of Indian organizations and authors participated in Indian research on Vitamin D Deficiency during 2006-15, of which the top 15 organizations and 15 authors contributed 47.57% and 33.02% publications share and 71.45% and 69.59% citation share respectively of the Indian output and citations. Medicine, among subjects, contributed the largest publications share of 88.62%, followed biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (22.01%), pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (6.53%), nursing (6.34%) neurosciences (2.80%), agricultural & biological science (2.05%) and immunology & microbiology (1.68%) during 2006-15. Of the total Indian publications, 530 appeared in several journals, of which the top 15 journals contributed 31.72% share of the India's output. The top 13 highly cited papers registered 50 to 479 citations, and together contributed 1535 citations, leading to the average citation per paper of 118.08. Concludes that there is an urgent need to frame a national policy in this area, undertake more R&D and recognize vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem and allocate more healthcare funds in this area.
By grounding the self in the body, experimental psychology has taken the body as the starting point for a science of the self. One fundamental dimension of the bodily self is the sense of body ownership that refers to the special perceptual status of one's own body, the feeling that my body belongs to me. The primary aim of this review article is to highlight recent advances in the study of body ownership and our understanding of the underlying neurocognitive processes in three ways. I first consider how the sense of body ownership has been investigated and elucidated in the context of multisensory integration. Beyond exteroception, recent studies have considered how this exteroceptively driven sense of body ownership can be linked to the other side of embodiment, that of the unobservable, yet felt, interoceptive body, suggesting that these two sides of embodiment interact to provide a unifying bodily self. Lastly, the multisensorial understanding of the self has been shown to have implications for our understanding of social relationships, especially in the context of self-other boundaries. Taken together, these three research strands motivate a unified model of the self inspired by current predictive coding models.
Objective: To Examine physician eye contact (EC), patient understanding and adherence. Methods: Secondary analysis of National Institute of Aging videotapes (N = 52) of physician-elder patients in two visit types: (1) routine (n = 20); (2) anxiety-provoking (n = 32) was conducted. Self-reports of understanding and adherence were used. History-taking segments were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for relationships between EC, understanding and adherence. Results: Qualitative analysis showed: (1) two salient EC elements - frequency, type (brief or sustained) - and verbal synchronicity were commonly invoked; (2) conjoint unfolding of three communication elements - looking, listening and talking - may be salient for patient outcomes; (3) despite differing EC patterns in routine and anxiety provoking visits, statistical analyses showed patient understanding and adherence ratings were similar in the sample population comprising two visit types; no significant correlations between EC elements and understanding and adherence were found. Conclusions: Salience of EC for patient-centered communication is shown in prior research. Present findings broaden the significance of EC by including verbal synchronicity. Methodological limitations may account for no significant correlations between EC and patient outcomes. Practice implications: Using suggested framework for operationalizing EC elements, including verbally synchronous communication, may facilitate patient-centeredness and have positive implications for patient understanding and adherence. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Background: The transition to adulthood, the gradual change in roles and responsibilities, is identified as a challenging time for adolescents and young adults with physical disabilities, including those with cerebral palsy. Health care, education, employment, independent living, and community engagement have been identified as areas of concern. However, relatively little research has been done to understand the experiences, perceptions, and needs of individuals with cerebral palsy as they transition toward adulthood. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the transition experiences, perceptions, and needs of young adults with cerebral palsy living in one state in the southeastern United States. Methods: Focus groups with nine young adults with cerebral palsy (19-34 years) were conducted. The focus group interview explored the preparation for transition and experiences navigating adulthood. The audio-recorded groups were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Young adults with cerebral palsy identified numerous challenges associated with navigating adulthood. The main themes were: 1) being thrust into adulthood; 2) navigating systems and services; 3) understanding and managing my body; and 4) dealing with stereotypes and prejudice. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to transition with a focus on building capacity and empowerment. To navigate complex systems of care, navigators or facilitators are needed. Additionally, practitioners and service providers in adult systems need further education about cerebral palsy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The viewpoints of Brazilian opinion leaders regarding cancer are not yet well defined. Examining public perceptions of three segments of society through a qualitative study may provide clues to understanding the negative view that the population still has about the disease. Journalists, scientists and teachers participated in discussions in six focus group sessions. The findings were studied using the content analysis method, showing similar elements among these professionals, regardless of area of operation. We identified a negative view that may be contributing to or mirroring the vision of society that associates the illness with death and suffering. Although these opinion leaders believe they are able to filter certain negative aspects of media dissemination about cancer, when the disease affects them personally, the feeling of despair resembles common sense. Words such as cure are viewed with prejudice. On the other hand, a morbid approach arouses interest on the subject. It was also noted that the disclosure of a celebrity with cancer stands out as a decoy in the consumption of news. Such distortions may support actions that enhance communication about cancer, structured on pillars such as prevention, early diagnosis and cure.
While urbanization brings economic and social benefits, it also causes water pollution and other environmental ecological problems. This paper provides a theoretical framework to quantitatively analyze the dynamic relationship between water resource utilization and the process of urbanization. Using data from Jiangsu province, we first construct indices to evaluate urbanization and water resource utilization. We then adopt an entropy model to examine the correlation between urbanization and water resource utilization. In addition, we introduce a dynamic coupling model to analyze and predict the coupling degree between urbanization and water resource utilization. Our analyses show that pairing with rising urbanization during 2002-2014, the overall index of water resource utilization in Jiangsu province has experienced a decline-rise-decline trend. Specifically, after the index of water resource utilization reached its lowest point in 2004, it gradually began to rise. Water resource utilization reached its highest value in 2010. The coupling degree between urbanization and water resource utilization was relatively low in 2002 and 2003 varying between -90 degrees and 0 degrees. It has been rising since then. Out-of-sample forecasts indicate that the coupling degree will reach its highest value of 74.799 degrees in 2016, then will start to gradually decline. Jiangsu province was chosen as our studied area because it is one of the selected pilot provinces for China's economic reform and social development. The analysis of the relationship between provincial water resource utilization and urbanization is essential to the understanding of the dynamic relationship between these two systems. It also serves as an important input for developing national policies for sustainable urbanization and water resource management.
The functional factors responsible for fluoride (F-)-bearing groundwater used for drinking as well as for cooking in the area of Gummanampadu Sub-basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India are discussed. The study area is a part of an Archean Gneissic Complex, consisting of banded-biotite-hornblende-gneisses, over which the Proterozoic Cumbhum quartzites, shales, phyllites, and dolomitic limestones occur. The chemistry of groundwater is dominated by carbonates (HCO3 (-) and CO3 (2-)) at a higher pH. This results in a higher total alkalinity over total hardness, causing an excess alkalinity. Sodium ion is dominated among the cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+). The concentration of F- (2.1-3.7 mg/L) is higher than that of desirable national limit (1.2 mg/L) prescribed for drinking purpose. A significant positive correlation exists between F- and pH as well as that between F- and HCO3 (-) + CO3 (2-). This indicates that the alkaline condition is the prime conducive factor for dissolving F--bearing minerals more effectively leading to a higher concentration of F- in the groundwater. Furthermore, a positive chloro-alkaline index reflects the ion exchange, and an oversaturation with respect to CaCO3 indicates the evaporation. In addition, a negative relation between the well depth and F- shows the effect of solubility and/or leaching of salts in different depth levels. These factors regulate the concentration of F- in the groundwater. On the other hand, a positive correlation of F- with SO4 (2-) as well as with K+ shows the human land use activities (namely, use of chemical fertilizers, disposal of domestic wastes, etc.), which add F- to the groundwater. A significant number of the residents of the study area suffer from the health disorders related to fluorosis, which is a consequence of higher concentration of F- in the drinking water. Thus, this study emphasizes the need for supply of safe drinking water, nutritional diet, rainwater-harvesting structures, and public education to realize health for all motto of World Health Organization.
Cassava is marketed in fresh form, which requires manual peeling for later human consumption. Currently, there is a growing commercialization of peeled cassava, however the processing is done by hand. This article presents the study of the operation to remove the external shell and the inner shell of cassava, as well as others factors involved, necessary to build the knowledge base required for the conceptual definition of functional structure of a cassava peeling machine. This research is delimited to the early stages of the design of industrial products. The objective is to check whether there is a relationship between factors of influence in the operation of peeling and the functional structure of a cassava peeling machine. The methodology is based on a reference model for agricultural machinery development process, with a focus on activities pertaining to the phases of informational and conceptual design. The results establish that the analysis of the operation of peeling are determinants influencing factors for the complete definition of the functional structure. The global function to remove the external shell and inner shell of cassava consists in four partial functions that divide into thirteen elementary functions. Of these, ten functions are derived from the influence of the factors initially identified. Thus, it is possible to verify the existence of a relationship between the design influence factors and the functional structure of cassava peeling machine, demonstrating the dependence of the settings made in the informational design phase and the tasks established during the conceptual design phase.
In previous studies investigating entrainment and person perception, synchronized movements were found to enhance memory for incidental person attributes. Although this effect is robust, including in dance, the process by which it is actuated are less well understood. In this study, two hypotheses are investigated: that enhanced memory for person attributes is the result of (1) increased gaze time between in-tempo dancers; and/or (2) greater attentional focus between in tempo dancers. To explore these possible mechanisms in the context of observing dance, an eye-tracking study was conducted in which subjects watched videos of pairs of laterally positioned dancers; only one of the dancers was synchronized with the music, the other being asynchronous. The results were consistent with the first hypothesis-music-dance synchrony gives rise to increased visual inspection times. In addition, there was a preference for upper-body fixations over lower-body fixations across both synchronous and asynchronous conditions. A subsequent, single-dancer eye-tracking study investigated fixations across different body regions, including head, torso, legs and feet. Significantly greater dwell times were recorded for head than torso and legs; feet attracted significantly less dwell time than any other body region. Lastly, the study sought to identify dance gestures responsible for torso- and head-directed fixations. Specifically we asked whether there are features in dance that are specially designed to direct an observer's gaze towards the face- the main communicative portal with respect to the transmission of intent, affect and empathy.
Advanced cladding materials with potentially enhanced accident tolerance will yield different light water reactor performance and safety characteristics than the present zirconium-based cladding alloys. These differences are due to cladding material properties, reactor physics, and thermal hydraulics characteristics. Differences in reactor physics are driven by the fundamental properties (e.g., neutron absorption cross section in iron for an iron-based cladding) and also by design modifications necessitated by the candidate cladding materials (e.g., a larger fuel pellet to compensate for parasitic absorption). This paper describes three-dimensional nodal kinetics simulations of a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) in a representative pressurized water reactor with both iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) and silicon-carbide fiber silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite (SiC/SiC) materials. This study shows similar RIA neutronic behavior for SiC/SiC cladding configurations versus reference Zircaloy cladding. However, the FeCrAl cladding response indicates similar energy deposition but with shorter pulses of higher magnitude. This is due to the shorter neutron generation time of the core models based on FeCrAl cladding. The FeCrAl-based cases exhibit a more rapid fuel thermal expansion rate than other cases, and the resultant pellet-cladding interaction may occur more rapidly. The conclusions in this paper are based on a limited set of simulated super prompt RIA transients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.