87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
We present a collaborative teaching model used in the practical classes of Manufacturing Engineering. This model has been developed by teachers from one of the Innovative Educational Groups Nuevas Metodologias Docentes en Ingenieria Mecanica y de Fabricacion (New Learning Methodologies in Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing) at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM). It is implemented in the five degrees presently taught at the Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria y Diseno Industrial (ETSIDI) (Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Design) at UPM. In this model, traditional practical lessons are combined with a Web platform, developed on our own, named Plataforma Educativa de Practicas Academicas (PEPA) (Academic Learning Platform for Practical Classes), that allows both the automatic registration of the results from laboratory classes and the evaluations by teachers, automatically or manually. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Identification of potential sites for rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an important step toward maximizing water availability and land productivity in arid semi-arid regions. Characterised as a water scarce country, Egypt has limited fresh water supplies, and is expected to suffer from water stress by the year 2030. Therefore, it is important to develop any means available to supply water and maintain human habitability in a sustainable manner. Practiced or simply indispensable in many countries around the world, rainwater harvesting (RWH) promotes a sustainable and efficient manner of exploiting water resources. In the present study, suitable areas for sustainable stormwater harvesting and storage in Egypt were identified using remote sensing for land cover data - location assessment linked to a decision support system (DSS). The DSS took into consideration a combination of thematic layers such as rainfall surplus, slope, potential runoff coefficient (PRC), land cover/use, and soil texture. Taking into account five thematic layers, the spatial extents of RWH suitability areas were identified by an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The model generated a RWH map with five categories of suitability: excellent, good, moderate, poor and unsuitable. The spatial distribution of these categories in the area investigated was such that 4.8% (47910 km(2)) and 14% (139739 km(2)) of the study area was classified as excellent or good in terms of RWH, respectively, while 30.1% (300439 km(2)), 47.6% (474116 km(2)) and 3.5% (34935 km(2)) of the area were classified as moderate, unsuitable and poor, respectively. Most of the areas with excellent to good suitability had slopes of between 2% and 8% and were intensively cultivated areas. The major soil type in the excellent suitability areas was loam, while rainfall ranged from 100 to 200 mm yr(-1). The use of a number of RWH sites in the excellent areas is recommended to ensure successful implementation of RWH systems.
Background. False positive test results in children who are tested for food allergies may lead to inappropriate dietary restrictions. Objective. The aim of this study was to report our experience with a 3 year-old boy, who presented with multiple food allergies and, however, passed the food challenges, and to review our experience regarding management of children with high specific food IgEs with high total IgE. Methods. Medical records of 16 children with food challenges were reviewed. Median age of subjects was 39 months, with a history of adverse clinical reaction to a food, a specific IgE greater than the decision point, and an elevated total serum IgE level of 500 IU, underwent challenges to the offending food. Results. 13 out of 16 subjects were successfully re-exposed to the suspected foods and continued to tolerate these foods well. Conclusion. Our finding suggests a much lower clinical risk with previously defined specific IgE decision points in children with very high levels of total IgE (>6000 IU/ml).
Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious public health concern in Serbia, due to opportunistic screening still being in force, which led to twice higher than the average incidence rate of cervical cancer in Europe. Despite the fact that early detection and treatment services of CC are available at no additional cost, majority of women use inadequate screening services in Serbia. Objective: This study aimed to examine the link between the knowledge about CC and Papanicolaou (Pap) test and perception of barriers to women's participation in CC screening. Materials and Methods: The study included 300 women aged 21 to 69, with a place of residence in the city of Belgrade (Serbia), who were attending for their medical examination to the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics -Narodni front, from June through December 2014. A survey instrument to collect data was an adapted questionnaire for the assessment of knowledge about and barriers to CC and Pap test. Patients were divided into three groups: a study group consisted of women attending irregularly (over three years), women who never participated in screening, and a control group that included women regularly participating in screening. Results: Women regularly participating in screening (52.7%) had adequate knowledge about CC and Pap test, while women who irregularly (79.4%) or never participated (71.9%) did not have any adequate knowledge. There was a significant statistical difference between the CC and Pap test awareness in a group of respondents who regularly participated in comparison to respondents who irregularly or never participated in screening (x(2) = 27.772, p = 0.000). Regarding knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV), 80% of women did not know that Pap test cannot be used for detection of HPV, as well as that abnormal Pap test result may be due to HPV (61.7%). Majority of women (93.7%) had poor knowledge about Pap test role in CC early detection and considered Pap test to be used to diagnose CC. The authors found a significant statistical correlation between participation of women in screening and barriers. Women who were irregular or never participated, had barriers such as: lack of time (F = 9.51; p = 0,000), difficult access to Healthcare facilities (F = 11.29; p = 0.000), lack of knowledge about the Pap test procedure (F = 21.27, p = 0.000), discomfort (F = 9.36; p = 0.000), and anxiety of Pap test results (F = 3.35; p = 0.036). Women who regularly participated did not have prejudice when choosing a gynecologist, unlike the other two groups that preferred a female gynecologist (F = 3.61; p = 0.028). Conclusion: This study showed that the level of knowledge about CC and Pap test in women is an important factor associated with regular participation in screening. It is necessary to take educational measures in order to raise awareness of women regarding risk factors, as well as to overcome fear and shame, with the ultimate aim to reduce frequency and mortality rate caused by CC in Serbia.
The mesochronic velocity is the average of the velocity field along trajectories generated by the same velocity field over a time interval of finite duration. In this paper we classify initial conditions of trajectories evolving in incompressible vector fields according to the character of motion of material around the trajectory. In particular, we provide calculations that can be used to determine the number of expanding directions and the presence of rotation from the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobian matrix of mesochronic velocity. In doing so, we show that (a) the mesochronic velocity can be used to characterize dynamical deformation of three-dimensional volumes, (b) the resulting mesochronic analysis is a finite-time extension of the Okubo-Weiss-Chong analysis of incompressible velocity fields, (c) the two-dimensional mesochronic analysis from Mezic et al. A New Mixing Diagnostic and Gulf Oil Spill Movement, Science 330, (2010), 486-489, extends to three-dimensional state spaces. Theoretical considerations are further supported by numerical computations performed for a dynamical system arising in fluid mechanics, the unsteady Arnold{Beltrami{Childress (ABC) flow.
Wear resistance is an important rubber compound property related to useful product life. The rubber compound properties that affect wear behavior are very complicated. Wear is related to a rubber compound's cut resistance, tear resistance, fatigue resistance hardness, etc. The most commonly used test method to determine the wear resistance of rubber materials is abrasion test. Tested compounds are usually compared on a volume loss basis which is calculated from the weight loss and density of the compound. This method is known to be variable and doesn't give additional information for the wear behavior. For this reason we propose alternative approaches for examination of the wear behavior of rubber composites, giving information not only for the wear resistance but also for elastic the modulus, stiffness of the material, damage mechanism, etc. Continuous multi-cycle indentation is used to determine the indentation hardness, elastic modulus and the stiffness with two indenter types - Vickers and sphero-conical. Comparison of both results is made in order to investigate the effect of the indenter type.
The thermal-hydraulic response of large dry pressurized water reactor containments under loss-of-coolant-accident conditions-particularly with respect to containment pressure and sump pool temperature-is crucial for risk-informed decision making about Generic Safety Issue 191. Texas A& M University has developed models with several computer codes including MELCOR and GOTHIC to model such scenarios. MELCOR is a best-estimate thermal-hydraulic and severe accident code created and actively maintained by Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. GOTHIC is a thermal-hydraulic software package meant for design, licensing, and safety calculations for, among other systems, nuclear power plant containments. It was developed and is maintained by Numerical Applications Inc. for the Electronic Power Research Institute. The overarching goal of the analyses presented here is twofold: (1) produce best-estimate time profiles of sump pool temperature under double-ended guillotine-break conditions with MELCOR and GOTHIC and (2) investigate differences between the MELCOR and GOTHIC code results via a sensitivity study. The sump pool temperature was selected as a key parameter to compare because it has direct implications for sump pool chemistry, residual heat removal during recirculation, and pressure drop across sump screens. Aspects of the MELCOR and GOTHIC modeling strategies are discussed, and best estimates of the containment thermal-hydraulic response are presented. There are significant disagreements between code predictions. Hypotheses to explain the differences are tested through a comparative code sensitivity study. In this context, sensitivity refers to how containment thermal hydraulics respond to differences in code inputs or code phenomenological models. Sensitivity calculations are performed to exclude, individually, the model effects on comparative thermal-hydraulic responses of containment fan coolers, containment sprays, thermal surface condensation/films, and break source definition. Calculations are also performed with multiple models excluded. Using containment sump pool temperature as an indicator, the most impactful physics in terms of code agreement are those of thermal surfaces (condensation, film phenomena) whereas fan cooler models have a minimal effect. Containment spray exclusion results in disagreement in parts of the event sequence, while break source definition and/or break effluent flashing models lead to disagreement.
The new stage of the development of space-borne information systems is the creation of the Global Earth Observation System. For the full functioning of such a system, it is necessary to provide the uniformity of measurements of all national systems as members of the global system, with high-quality measurement data. This requires the implementation of a high level of ground (prelaunch) calibration of Earth remote sensing instruments. To solve these problems, there were created calibration facilities on the basis of large vacuum chambers with vacuum reference radiation sources, including sources on the basis of black bodies with a wide aperture of 500 mm in the spectral range from 3 mu m to 14 mu m. Such a facility was created by FGUP VNIIOFI in cooperationwith FGUP TsNIIMash. The ground calibration of Earth remote sensing instruments is being carried out by using blackbody models as radiation sources with known spectral radiance. Facility for ground calibration of remote sensing devices on spectral radiance is based on the usage of a large-aperture blackbody (LABB) with 500 mm diameter and working temperature range from 213 K to 423 K, as a radiation source. This calibration setup comprises a set of reference blackbodies, such as a blackbody on the phase transition of Gallium, a variable-temperature blackbody with temperature range from 213 K to 423 K, a reference blackbody cooled with liquid nitrogen, and IR Fourier spectrometer utilized as a comparator to perform LABB calibration on spectral radiance. The second important characteristic of LABB is the uniformity of spectral radiance across the radiating aperture of this blackbody. The paper describes the device for measuring the spatial homogeneity of the radiation power of the LABB's radiating surface. This device is based on the use of two-color InSb-CdHgTe detector equipped with modulator and IR lens, which are mounted on a two-axis translation stage suitable for operation in vacuum and installed in the vacuum chamber against LABB. During the measurement of the radiation uniformity, the modulator sequentially sends probing radiation spot either from the LABB's surface or from the thermostatic radiation source to the detector input. The principle of operation of the device is described. The results of measurements of the radiation power homogeneity across the LABB's radiating aperture are presented in wide-temperature range.
Many changes in nature do not directly threaten humans, but do negatively influence nature itself, thereby posing an impersonal risk. We examine the optimistic bias (OB) for an impersonal risk, the first-person perception (FPP) of an impersonal risk, and the influence of media reporting and proximity of an impersonal risk on FPP and OB. Finally, we investigate the relationship between OB and FPP. We conducted a field experiment (N = 479) in 12 German cities where an invasive moth species had infested culturally important horse chestnut trees. We found OB for this nature change that decreased for people living in an area subject to this impersonal nature risk. After the treatments, neither the proximity of impersonal risk nor the journalistic style of media reporting had a significant effect on OB. An FPP was found that was not influenced significantly by either different journalistic styles or the proximity of impersonal risk. A nonsignificant swap-in-signs relation between OB and FPP was found depending on journalistic style.
Language is an important part of our culture and allows the exchange of thoughts and feelings as well as the acquisition of knowledge. Deficits in language abilities can appear at different linguistic levels (phonetics/phonology, lexicon/semantics, syntax/morphology, and pragmatics). This can concern both language comprehension and speech production in different ways. The different linguistic levels should be considered in the diagnosis of developmental language disorders. In particular, the German guidelines Interdisziplinare S2k-Leitlinie support this approach. This paper gives an overview of the symptoms of specific language disorder as well as its classification in the DSM-5 and the ICD-10. Moreover, there is an outlook toward the ICD-11, with explanations based on the Beta-Draft. The similarities and differences of the three diagnostic systems are pointed out and discussed. Furthermore, reference is made to the Interdisziplinare S2k-Leitlinie. While there is a distinction between expressive and receptive language disorders in the ICD-10, in the DSM-5 the two disorders are summarized in one clinical picture. In the current ICD-11 Beta-Draft, the disorders are still divided; however, they are subordinate to a common category. This represents a compromise between the two approaches. Additionally, the DSM-5 is supplemented by the diagnosis of social (pragmatic) communication disorder, and it is likely that the disorder will be included in the ICD-11 (developmental language disorder with impairment of mainly pragmatic language), too. The disorder is characterized by deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication. Future research should consider pragmatic aspects of language. The overview shows that there are no uniform diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, none of the illustrated systems considered the individual linguistic level of language, as is suggested in the Interdisziplinare S2k-Leitlinie. Although the ICF-CY also cannot capture all the linguistic levels, it enables a comprehensive description of impairments and abilities. In the differential diagnosis, a mental retardation must be excluded by nonverbal intelligence diagnosis. This is controversial because it is difficult to implement in logopedics practice and speech therapy. Moreover, in the diagnosis of specific language disorders the double discrepancy criterion must be scrutinized. In the current Interdisziplinare S2k-Leitlinie, this criterion was waived because of the controversy. In practice, the different definitions and classifications of specific language disorders lead to significant variations in the data on prevalence. Additionally, the causal research and effectiveness tests of therapeutic interventions are complicated. Moreover, for a long period there was no uniform standard in the design of assessments for diagnosis. The reliable diagnosis of language developmental disorders requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary classification.
Increasing public attention has been brought to bear on the solid waste management in Macau, due to the continually increasing generation of amount and the limited space. In this study, we discussed residents' attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for solid waste management through a questionnaire survey. The results showed that Macau residents owned a relatively high environmental awareness. In regard to Macau environmental quality, most respondents (92.4 %) expressed their satisfactions on the current situation. About 50.2 % respondents thought that the solid waste pollution in Macau should be paid more attention than the other three environmental pollution ways (air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution). The survey data revealed the positive attitudes toward source separation in Macau. About 95.7 % respondents were willing to sort the solid waste at home, if the government required them to do it. In addition, for the question on how to improve the solid waste issues in Macau, Enhancing residents' environmental awareness was considered as the most effective method, accounting for about 38.5 % respondents. In our study, most respondents (85.4 %) also provided positive answers to the questions about WTP. Using the logistic regression method, these survey results support the hypothesis that the probability of the respondents' saying yes to the WTP question increases with education level. The monthly mean WTP was 38.5 MOP per household, and the annual WTP was approximately 79.7 million MOP for all of Macau. The results of our study can help managers develop more effective environmental management policies for solid waste disposal.
Flexural resonators operated within a fluid are most of the time limited by viscous damping. Nonetheless, depending on the resonator geometry, significant acoustic damping has also to be considered. After reviewing the main theoretical approaches proposed in the literature to evaluate acoustic losses, we provide useful and simplified expressions to quantify their corresponding quality factor. Original results are obtained by extending well-known methods to different shapes. We also present numerical simulations and experiments to compare and assess the validity of our predictions, and show that analytical models combining both viscous and acoustic damping can give reliable values for the observed quality factors. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The central dogma of molecular biology describes how information contained in DNA is transformed into RNA and finally into proteins. In order for proteins to maintain their functionality in both the parent cell and subsequent generations, it is essential that the information encoded in DNA and RNA remains unaltered. DNA and RNA are constantly exposed to damaging agents, which can modify nucleic acids and change the information they encode. While much is known about how cells respond to damaged DNA, the importance of protecting RNA has only become appreciated over the past decade. Modification of the nucleobase through oxidation and alkylation has long been known to affect its base-pairing properties during DNA replication. Similarly, recent studies have begun to highlight some of the unwanted consequences of chemical damage on mRNA decoding during translation. Oxidation and alkylation of mRNA appear to have drastic effects on the speed and fidelity of protein synthesis. As some mRNAs can persist for days in certain tissues, it is not surprising that it has recently emerged that mRNA-surveillance and RNA-repair pathways have evolved to clear or correct damaged mRNA.
In many low-to-mid power applications, critical mode boost power factor corrector converters are widely used because of its low switching loss and simple control. However, near the zero crossing of the input line voltage, an input current distortion and a low power factor are caused by delayed switching period and negative input currents. Generally, an additional on-time method according to the input voltage is used to compensate the input current distortion. However, a detailed quantitative analysis for the exact additional on time has not been studied till now. In this paper, the explicit form of the optimized additional on time has been obtained using a quantitative analysis and the advantage of the digital control. From a state trajectory and net input charge analysis, it is shown that the optimized on time should be related to not only the input voltage, but also the output power. Also, in order to improve the efficiency in a high input and light load condition, circulating currents are reduced in the inevitable dead angle with a gate turning-off technique. By using digital control, the optimized additional on time and the gate turn-off technique have been implemented with the 90-230 V-rms input and 380 V/200 W output prototype.
A dyke construction was dealed with geotextile-encased sand columns. The dyke was used to enclose a polder in Hamburg-Finkenwerder, Germany. With the help of geotextile, the columns can be used in very soft soils, even undrained shear strength c(u) < 15 kN/m(2), without excessive bulging. After the system is installed, the dike can be filled immediately. To analysis observed data of the long-term settlements in the dyke, three stages can be gotten i.e. Primary settlements - Secondary settlements - Creep settlements. Most settlements occurred during the primary filling, while, only little settlements appeared after that construction was accomplished. The settlement rate decreases from the first settlement stage to the last one. No jump takes place when unloading soft soil. Furthermore, the method shorten time and saved a lot of money.