87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Objective: To date, the factors contributing to emergence of resilience in different stages of adolescence have yet to be sufficiently examined.This study looks at the influence of extracurricular activities on resilience. Method: The sample consists of 413 adolescents (f = 14.8) reporting personal problems (mood, concentration problems, behavior). The effect of extracurricular activities on resilience (gathered by the RS25) was analyzed by linear regression models. Predictor variables in these models were extracurricular activities (sport, hobbies, club memberships, household duties) and the subscales of the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Because of the lack of homoscedasticity, two different regression models (model A: Realschule and Grammar School. Model B: Hauptschule) were specified. Results: The explained variance of both models (model A: R = .516; model B: R = .643) is satisfactory. In both models prosocial behavior (SDQ) turns out to be a significant positive predictor for resilience (model A:beta = 2.815; model B;beta = 3.577) and emotional symptoms (model A:beta = -1.697; model B:beta = -2.596) are significant negative predictors for resilience. In addition, model A presents significant positive influences of sport (beta = 16,314) and significant negative influences of hyperactivity (SDQ). In contrast, in model B club memberships (beta = 15.775) and peer relationship problems (beta = 1.508) are additional positive predictors. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate the important role of prosocial behavior and emotional competence in the manifestation of resilience. The effect of extracurricular activities proves to depend on the social environment (type of school). Thus, these results could form the basis for further more specific developmental programs.
The national demand for water in the UK is predicted to increase, exacerbated by a growing UK population, and home-grown demands for energy and food. When set against the context of overstretched existing supply sources vulnerable to droughts, particularly in increasingly dense city centres, the delicate balance of matching minimal demands with resource secure supplies becomes critical. When making changes to internal demands the role of technological efficiency and user behaviour cannot be ignored, yet existing benchmarking systems traditionally do not consider the latter. This paper investigates the practicalities of adopting a domestic benchmarking system (using a band rating) that allows individual users to assess their current water use performance against what is possible. The benchmarking system allows users to achieve higher benchmarks through any approach that reduces water consumption. The sensitivity of water use benchmarks are investigated by making changes to user behaviour and technology. The impact of adopting localised supplies (i.e., Rainwater harvesting-RWH and Grey water-GW) and including external gardening demands are investigated. This includes the impacts (in isolation and combination) of the following: occupancy rates (1 to 4); roof size (12.5 m(2) to 100 m(2)); garden size (25 m(2) to 100 m(2)) and geographical location (North West, Midlands and South East, UK) with yearly temporal effects (i.e., rainfall and temperature). Lessons learnt from analysis of the proposed benchmarking system are made throughout this paper, in particular its compatibility with the existing Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) accreditation system. Conclusions are subsequently drawn for the robustness of the proposed system.
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is more vulnerable than the wired network because it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop, insert, alter, and intercept the message communicated in the network. Sensor nodes have very limited power and memory. While designing the secure communication architectures, the main goal is to design energy and memory efficient protocols. Most of the well-known communication architectures like TinySec, LLSP, and MiniSec compromise with the security issues because of energy and memory constraints of sensor nodes. In WSN, communication consumes more energy than computation. By minimizing communication overhead, the energy consumption can be reduced. We propose a new energy efficient secure communication architecture called EESCA for WSN, to make the communication secure. Along with authentication, confidentiality and integrity, the proposed architecture provides strong replay protection, and data freshness as permutation and substitution are used to generate massage authentication code. EESCA is robust against heavy packet loss because reset or resynchronization of counter is not required. The proposed scheme is energy efficient as the security packet overhead is reduced by 1 byte over the best-known secure communication architectures. The efficacy of EESCA is shown through theoretical and experimental analysis. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The high rate of relapse to drug use is one of the main problems in the treatment of addiction. Stress plays the essential role in drug abuse and relapse; nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying stress and relapse. Accordingly, the effects of intra-accumbal administration of Sulpiride, as a dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, on an ineffective morphine dose1food deprivation(FD)-and morphine priming-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP). About 104 adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 200-280 g were bilaterally implanted by cannula into the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Subcutaneous (sc) injection of morphine (5 mg kg21) was used daily during a 3-day conditioning phase. After a 24-hr  off period following achievement of extinction criterion, rats were tested for FD-and priming-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP by an ineffective (0.5 mg kg21, sc) and priming (1 mg kg21, sc) dose of morphine, respectively. In the next experiments, animals received different doses of intra-accumbal Sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 mg/ 0.5 mL saline) bilaterally and were subsequently tested for morphine reinstatement. Our findings indicated that the 24-hr FD facilitated reinstatement of morphine CPP. Furthermore, the D2-like receptor antagonist attenuated the ineffective morphine dose1 FD-and priming-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP dose-dependently. Also, contribution of D2-like receptors in mediation of the ineffective morphine dose1 FD-induced reinstatement of CPP was greater than morphine priming-induced reinstatement of CPP. The role of dopaminergic system in morphine reinstatement through a neural pathway in the NAc provides the evidence that D2-like receptor antagonist can be useful therapeutic targets for reinstatement of morphine CPP.
Undeclared allergens in chocolate products have been responsible for numerous allergen-related recalls in the United States. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of undeclared milk and peanut in 88 and 78 dark chocolate bars, respectively. Concentrations of milk (as nonfat dry milk) or peanut in three samples of each chocolate product were determined with two milk-or peanut-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. In 75% of the chocolate bar products with a milk advisory statement, milk concentrations were above the limit of quantitation (2.5 mu g/g [ppm]), with the majority having concentrations >1,000 ppm. An additional 67% of chocolate bars with a traces of milk statement contained 3 to 6,700 ppm of milk. Fifteen percent of chocolates labeled dairy free or lactose free and 25% labeled vegan were positive for milk, all with concentrations >1,000 ppm. Even for chocolates with no reference to milk on the label, 33% of these products contained 60 to 3,400 ppm of milk. The survey of chocolate products for peanuts revealed that 8% of products with an advisory statement contained peanut, with the highest concentration of 550 ppm. All nine chocolates bearing the peanut-free or allergen-free statement were negative for peanut, but 17% of chocolates with no label statement for peanut were positive for peanut at concentrations of 9 to 170 ppm. Evaluation of multiple lots of four chocolate products revealed that milk was consistently present or absent for the products investigated, but mixed results were obtained when multiple lots were tested for peanut. This study indicates that a large proportion of dark chocolate bars contain undeclared milk. The type of advisory statement or the absence of a milk advisory statement on products did not predict the amount or absence of milk protein. In contrast, a lower proportion of chocolates containing undeclared peanut was found. Consumers with food allergies should be cautious when purchasing dark chocolate products, particularly those that have an advisory label statement.
Person perception research has focused on the accuracy of observers receiving truthful target information; however, in real life people may often wish to manage the impression that they convey. We investigated whether people can pose personality in photographs. Sixty target participants posed each in 10 photographs in which they sought to express the high and low poles of the Big Five traits by means of physical appearances. Observers (N = 401) rated targets' personality and likability from each photograph. The results showed that targets successfully posed as Extravert and, to lesser extent, as Introvert, Neurotic, Non-Conscientious, and Open, and that targets could not convey impressions of high and low Agreeableness. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In the report are discussed the laboratory test results of SPAD detectors with InGaAs / InP avalanche photodiodes, operating in Geiger mode. Device operating in synchronous mode with the dead timer setting for proper working conditions of photodiodes. The report materials will showing the functional block diagram of the detector, real operating signals in the receiver path and clock circuits and main results of measurements. The input signal of the synchronous detector is the clock, which determines the time positions of expected photons arrival. Increasing the clock speed 1-300 MHz or getting more time positions of the time grid, we provide increased capacity for time position code of signals, when QKD information transmitted over the nets. At the same time, the maximum attainable speed of photon reception is limited by diode dead time. Diode quantum noise are minimized by inclusion of a special time interval -dead time 0.1-10 usec, after each received and registered a photon. The lowest attainable value of the dead time is determined as a compromise between transients in electrical circuits, passive avalanche quenching' circuit and thermal transients cooling crystal diode, after each avalanche pass though photodiode. Achievable time and speed parameters are discussed with specific examples of detectors.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny ribo-regulatory molecules involved in various essential pathways for persistence of cellular life, such as development, environmental adaptation, and stress response. In recent years, miRNAs have become a major focus in molecular biology because of their functional and diagnostic importance. This interest in miRNA research has resulted in the development of many specific software and pipelines for the identification of miRNAs and their specific targets, which is the key for the elucidation of miRNA-modulated gene expression. While the well-recognized importance of miRNAs in clinical research pushed the emergence of many useful computational identification approaches in animals, available software and pipelines are fewer for plants. Additionally, existing approaches suffers from mis-identification and annotation of plant miRNAs since the miRNA mining process for plants is highly prone to false-positives, particularly in cereals which have a highly repetitive genome. Our group developed a homology-based in silico miRNA identification approach for plants, which utilizes two Perl scripts SUmirFind and SUmirFold and since then, this method helped identify many miRNAs particularly from crop species such as Triticum or Aegliops. Herein, we describe a comprehensive updated guideline by the implementation of two new scripts, SUmirPredictor and SUmirLocator, and refinements to our previous method in order to identify genuine miRNAs with increased sensitivity in consideration of miRNA identification problems in plants. Recent updates enable our method to provide more reliable and precise results in an automated fashion in addition to solutions for elimination of most false-positive predictions, miRNA naming and miRNA mis-annotation. It also provides a comprehensive view to genome/transcriptome-wide location of miRNA precursors as well as their association with transposable elements. The SUmirPredictor and SUmirLocator scripts are freely available together with a reference high-confidence plant miRNA list.
The first and second laws of thermodynamics were applied to biochemical reactions typical of human metabolism. An open-system model was used for a human body. Energy conservation, availability and entropy balances were performed to obtain the entropy generated for the main food components. Quantitative results for entropy generation were obtained as a function of age using the databases from the U. S. Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which provide energy requirements and food intake composition as a function of age, weight and stature. Numerical integration was performed through human lifespan for different levels of physical activity. Results were presented and analyzed. Entropy generated over the lifespan of average individuals (na(t)ural death) was found to be 11,404 kJ/degrees K per kg of body mass with a rate of generation three times higher on infants than on the elderly. The entropy generated predicts a life span of 73.78 and 81.61 years for the average U. S. male and female individuals respectively, which are values that closely match the average lifespan from statistics (74.63 and 80.36 years). From the analysis of the effect of different activity levels, it is shown that entropy generated increases with physical activity, suggesting that exercise should be kept to a healthy minimum if entropy generation is to be minimized.
The 1994 structure of a transition-state analogue with AlF4- and GDP complexed to G1 alpha, a small G protein, heralded a new field of research into the structure and mechanism of enzymes that manipulate the transfer of phosphoryl (PO3-) groups. The number of enzyme structures in the PDB containing metal fluorides (MFx) as ligands that imitate either a phosphoryl or a phosphate group was 357 at the end of 2016. They fall into three distinct geometrical classes: 1) Tetrahedral complexes based on BeF3- that mimic ground-state phosphates; 2) octahedral complexes, primarily based on AlF4-, which mimic in-line anionic transition states for phosphoryl transfer; and 3) trigonal bipyramidal complexes, represented by MgF3- and putative AlF30 moieties, which mimic the geometry of the transition state. The interpretation of these structures provides a deeper mechanistic understanding into the behavior and manipulation of phosphate monoesters in molecular biology. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of these structures, their uses, and their computational development.
Ontologies have been becoming popular knowledge representation methods very particularly for the areas of semantic web and smart environments. This paper focuses on design of User Behaviour Ontologies in Ambient Intelligence (AmI) environment using ontology creation tool. Sensors are installed in the environment so that users' behaviour will be sensed and stored by the devices in that environment. The stored behaviour data will be refined and formed as a temporal sequence. Then the ontology will be constructed through mapping relations between behaviour and related temporal sequence. This work demonstrated the different ways of ontological representations. The advantage of this approach is that it makes the cognitive support easier to the teachers.
Aquatic bacteria were isolated from the hands of working staffs by an adapted culture protocol. When the sample solution obtained by the glove juice method was incubated for 3 days at room temperature, viable cell counts increased up to 10(5)-fold, and the majority of the isolated colonies were shown to be Gram-negative aquatic bacteria, which carry the risk of contaminating water. Using R2A medium, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the dominant microbes immediately after recovery from the hands. Here it was revealed that bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria isolated from the hand can be the causative bacteria of aqueous contamination. This modification in the GJ method may be useful as an effective training protocol to demonstrate the importance of hand hygiene and clean operation for aseptic manufacturing.
Introduction: The accurate discrimination of another person's eyegaze direction is vital as it provides a cue to the gazer's focus of attention, which in turn supports joint attention. Patients with schizophrenia have shown a direct gaze bias when judging gaze direction. However, current tasks do not dissociate an early perceptual bias from high-level top-down effects. We investigated early stages of gaze processing in schizophrenia by measuring perceptual sensitivity to fine deviations in gaze direction (i.e., the cone of direct gaze: CoDG) and ability to reflexively orient to locations cued by the same deviations. Methods: Twenty-four patients and 26 controls completed a CoDG discrimination task that used realistic direct-face images with six fine degrees of deviation (i.e., 3, 6 or 9 pixels to the left and right) and direct gaze, and a gaze cueing task that assessed reflexive orienting to the same fine-grained deviations. Results: Our data showed patients exhibited no impairment in gaze discrimination, nor did we observe a reduced orienting response. Conclusions: These results suggest that while patients may suffer deficits associated with interpreting another person's gaze, the earliest processes concerned with detecting averted gaze and reflexively orienting to the gazed-at location are intact.
Gabriel Abend discusses his interest in the sociology of morality and the main ideas of his book The Moral Background: An Inquiry into the History of Business Ethics [Abend 2014]. According to Abend, the business ethics discipline and its growing popularity at business schools deals not only with the tension between making money and being ethical, but with the preconditions which enable moral life: the moral background. Abend states that studying moralities and moral action in the social sciences is usually viewed through the lens of the first one, behavioral level, and the second one, normative level (moral and immoral behavior and norms, respectively), which, taken together, constitute first-order morality. Abend also points out that the moral background should be suggested as the third level, or second-order morality, which underlies and supports first-order morality through six dimensions. These include: the reasons for first-level morality support, the existing concepts repertoire, the subject of the moral evaluation, proper moral methods, the objectiveness of morality, and metaphysical conceptions. Some of these dimensions have a society-level organization, such as the conceptual repertoire for speaking about moralities in different languages, and some dimensions have an individual-level organization, such as the objectivity or relativity of first-order morality. Abend identifies two types of moral background that he describes as the Christian Merchant and the Standards of Practice. The Christian Merchant type can be characterized as an ethics of being, developing certain features of character and moral objectivism. The Standards of Practice is an ethics of doing, which sustains moral relativism and emphasizes moral actions with no particular attention to their motives. The Standards of Practice type has found its way into business schools' curricula as a business ethics discipline that believes morality can be taught by using case studies. This approach, while maintaining the principles of corporate social responsibility, can have negative effects on society and the economy. As long as corporations suggest that ethics pays and act morally only to make a profit, there is a risk that without the payoff, they will stop acting morally. This fact causes questions to surface, not only about corporate social responsibility and ethical behavior in business, but ultimately about values and the place of morality in society at large.
Based on the methodology of Understanding by Design, UbD, the course Design of Hydraulic Structures was developed and implemented. A series of learning experiences, with emphasis on hydraulics and hydrology, for civil engineering undergraduate students is presented that encourages the development of high technical and scientific competence, communication skills oral and in written, the ability for teamwork and the capability to learn. The experiences were designed, using the above methodology, based on learning that is desired. Once taught the course, the results obtained were compared based on the planned framework (expectations), the characterization of the student population, the course products as well as the activities, according to the students, considered relevant in the learning process.
This paper discusses an effort to enhance the learning and affective experience of students in a laboratory module in metabolism through the use of the How People Learn framework, which is grounded in educational theory and research. The laboratory, which was a component of a systems physiology course in biomedical engineering, was modified such that some students had educational experiences informed by How People Learn principles while other students encountered a more traditional laboratory. Students were compared on a number of dimensions including knowledge acquisition, ability to use information to solve problems, transfer, and perceptions of their course experience. Several differences were observed between groups, with students in the How People Learn group out-performing controls on measures that required a deeper ability to use the material, but not differing in basic acquisition of information. Implications for the development of similar laboratories are discussed.
The present paper focuses on how nonverbal communication elements are correlated with leadership behaviours of military junior leaders and how these constructs affect the superior performance of their followers. Our data show that the facial expression (smile) and the eye behaviour are the ones that have a positive and most pronounced correlation with the subordinate's perception of self-confidence, self-control, courage, empathy, and influence / reference of their commanders. The factors extraordinary effort and satisfaction are also positively related. On the contrary, gestures such as crossed arms and point one's finger have a negative correlation with the subordinate's perception of self-confidence, self-control, courage, empathy, and influence /reference of their commanders. In this case, the factors extraordinary effort and satisfaction are also negatively related. We conclude that the use of certain gestures may contribute to a positive or negative perception of a commander by his followers thereby influencing their performance.