87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
In the present study, a morphometric and geophysical analysis of three major rainwater-harvesting basins in Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia, has been carried out using geographical information system (GIS) techniques and geophysical analysis. GIS techniques aimed to create a spatial database for three basins, and it was used to determine most of the morphometric parameters and stream attributes. The morphometric analysis revealed that the maximum elevation in the basins upper stream is about 2350, 2230, and 2450 m above sea level for Al-aqiq, Medhas, and Mathalmat basin, respectively. The maximum elevation decreases with steep slopes in the three basins toward the dams' site. The general flow direction of the streams in Al-aqiq basin goes from southwest to northeast following the main direction of the Arabian Shield structure; in Medhas basin, flow goes from south to north with wide flat areas in the downstream portion of the basin and near dam site and from southeast to west for Mathalamt basin. The morphometric parameters of Al-aqiq basin imply that the basin has the largest area with about 309 km(2); the perimeter is about 119 km and the total stream length is about 533 km. Medhas basin comes as a second largest area with 278 km(2); the perimeter is about 110 km and the total stream length is about 477 km. While Mathalamt basin has an area of about 220 km(2), the perimeter is about 104 km and the total stream length is about 374 km. The three basins have medium drainage density with a value of 1.72 km(-1) for Al-aqiq and 1.7 km(-1) for Medhas and Mathalamat basins. A relief ratio of 0.1 in Al-aqiq basin, 0.08 in Medhas basin, and 0.12 in Mathalamt basin was noticed. These ratios indicate a high permeable landscape in Al-aqiq and Mathalamt basins while there is a medium permeable landscape in Medhas basin. Al-aqiq and Mathalamt basins have a similar elongation and circularity of 0.73 and 1.85, and 0.73 and 1.8, respectively, which indicates that the two basins have fairly elongated shape, while elongation and circularity is estimated at 0.62 and 2.56 for Medhas basin, respectively. Drainage pattern of Al-aqiq and Medhas basins has a high dendritic shape, while Mathalamt basin has a simple dendritic shape. The geophysical survey was performed using vertical electrical sounding (VES) resistivity. The geophysical analysis reflected the presence of several different layers of resistance. High resistance was more than 2000 abroken vertical bar at a 2-m depth due to dry river sediments in the dams' location while in other areas because of the presence of the basement rocks and climatic change. These results confirm the output of the geological study and give an indication of the state of recharge and rainwater harvesting in the three basins.
The world runs on networks over which signals communicate sequences of symbols, e.g. numerals. Examining both engineered and natural communications networks reveals an unsuspected order that depends on contact with an unpredictable entity. This order has three roots. The first is a proof within quantum theory that no evidence can ever determine its explanation, so that an agent choosing an explanation must do so unpredictably. The second root is the showing that clocks that step computers do not tell time but serve as self-adjusting symbol-handling agents that regulate logically synchronized motion in response to unpredictable disturbances. Such a clock-agent has a certain independence as well as the capacity to communicate via unpredictable symbols with other clock-agents and to adjust its own tick rate in response to that communication. The third root is the noticing of unpredictable symbol exchange in natural systems, including the transmission of symbols found in molecular biology. We introduce a symbol-handling agent as a role played in some cases by a person, for example a physicist who chooses an explanation of given experimental outcomes, and in other cases by some other biological entity, and in still other cases by an inanimate device, such as a computer-based detector used in physical measurements. While we forbear to try to explain the propensity of agents at all levels from cells to civilizations to form and operate networks of logically synchronized symbol-handling agents, we point to this propensity as an overlooked cosmic order, an order structured by the unpredictability ensuing from the proof. Appreciating the cosmic order leads to a conception of agency that replaces volition by unpredictability and reconceives the notion of objectivity in a way that makes a place for agency in the world as described by physics. Some specific implications for physics are outlined. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The white-box attack is a new attack context in which it is assumed that cryptographic software is implemented on an un-trusted platform and all the implementation details are controlled by the attackers. So far, almost all white-box solutions have been broken. In this study, we propose a white-box encryption scheme that is not a variant of obfuscating existing ciphers but a completely new solution. The new scheme is based on the unbalanced Feistel network as well as the ASASASA (where A means affine, and S means substitution) structure. It has an optional input block size and is suitable for saving space compared with other solutions because the space requirement grows slowly (linearly) with the growth of block size. Moreover, our scheme not only has huge white-box diversity and white-box ambiguity but also has a particular construction to bypass public white-box cryptanalysis techniques, including attacks aimed at white-box variants of existing ciphers and attacks specific to the ASASASA structure. More precisely, we present a definition of white-box security with regard to equivalent key, and prove that our scheme satisfies such security requirement.
A large amount of methane releasing from the residual coal and the surrounding pressure-relieved gas bearing strata may accumulate in the longwall gob of gas-bearing coal seam, which is increasingly exploited as a major source of coalbed methane (CBM) development in coal mining areas. Meanwhile, if the gob methane emits into the working space along with air-leakage flow, they may impair the safety and productivity of underground coal mines. Thus, gob gas drainage is of great significance to both the CBM development and the control of gob gas emission. Currently, there exist two major technologies for gob gas drainage gob gas ventholes (GGVs) drainage and underground drainage (such as high-level suction tunnels, high-located boreholes and buried pipes in the upper-corner). In practical engineering applications, the GGVs. have greater advantage over the traditional underground drainage in the extraction flux of gob gas and the control of gob gas emission, but the theoretical mechanism of GGVs has not yet been revealed in previous studies. Consequently, the characteristics of gob gas flow with GGVs drainage needs further research. In this paper, the numerical simulation of gas flow in gob gas reservoirs and the in-situ assessment of GGVs drainage are carried out to investigate the mechanism of the control of gob gas flow with GGVs drainage. Firstly, based on fluid mechanics in porous media the mathematical model of gob gas transport is developed. Then, the gas pressure distribution, gas flow patterns and methane concentration distribution in the gob under the conditions of no drainage measures, drainage with buried pipe in the upper corner and GGVs in different locations are discussed by conducting numerical simulation, respectively. In addition, the influence of distance between GGV and return airway on the gob methane flow and the strong control scope of GGVs are analyzed in detail. It is found that: 1) GGVs has the flow-interception effect on the gas in the deep zone of the gob and the flow-reversal effect on the gas in the gob close to the longwall face, which accounts for that GGVs drainage advantage over underground drainage. 2) GGVs can be applied to drain the gas in the deep zone of the gob massively and to control the gob gas migration effectively, so they are a top choice for the extraction of gob gas and the control of gob gas emission. Finally, both GGVs drainage and underground drainage are adopted to extract gob gas in east-102 working face in Weijiadi coal mine. The comparison of the extracted and emitted volume of gob gas with two different technologies shows that, GGV can drain the gob gas with greater flux and can better control the gob gas emission, which validated the prediction of numerical stimulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Thiocyanate is a C1 compound containing carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is a (by) product in a number of natural and industrial processes. Because thiocyanate is toxic to many organisms, including humans, its removal from industrial waste streams is an important problem. Although a number of bacteria can use thiocyanate as a nitrogen source, only a few can use it as an electron donor. There are two distinct pathways to use thiocyanate: (i) the carbonyl sulfide pathway, which has been extensively studied, and (ii) the  cyanate pathway, whose key enzyme, thiocyanate dehydrogenase, was recently purified and studied. Three species of Thioalkalivibrio, a group of haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from soda lakes, have been described as thiocyanate oxidizers: (i) Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus (cyanatepathway), (ii) Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans ( cyanate pathway) and (iii) Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans ( carbonyl sulfide pathway). In this study we provide a comparative genome analysis of these described thiocyanate oxidizers, with genomes ranging in size from 2.5 to 3.8 million base pairs. While focusing on thiocyanate degradation, we also analyzed the differences in sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism. We found that the thiocyanate dehydrogenase gene is present in 10 different Thioalkalivibrio strains, in two distinct genomic contexts/genotypes. The first genotype is defined by having genes for flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase upstream from the thiocyanate dehydrogenase operon (present in two strains including the type strain of Tv. paradoxus), whereas in the second genotype these genes are located downstream, together with two additional genes of unknown function (present in eight strains, including the type strains of Tv. thiocyanoxidans). Additionally, we found differences in the presence/absence of genes for various sulfur oxidation pathways, such as sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase, dissimilatory sulfite reductase, and sulfite dehydrogenase. One strain (Tv. thiocyanodenitrificans) lacks genes encoding a carbon concentrating mechanism and none of the investigated genomes were shown to contain known bicarbonate transporters. This study gives insight into the genomic variation of thiocyanate oxidizing bacteria and may lead to improvements in the application of these organisms in the bioremediation of industrial waste streams.
The increasing popularity of DVFS (dynamic voltage frequency scaling) schemes for portable low power applications demands highly efficient on chip DC-DC converters. The primary aim of this work is to enable increased efficiency of on-chip DC-DC conversion for near-threshold operation of multi-core architectures. The main idea is to supply nominal (high) off-chip voltage to a multi-core processor where cores are then voltage-stacked to generate a near-threshold (low) voltage based on Kirchhoff's voltage law through charge recycling. However this implicit down-conversion can be affected by the current imbalance between the cores. A push-pull switched-capacitor regulator has been designed to keep the mid voltage close to the near-threshold value of half-V-dd. Stacked-voltage domain with its self-regulation capability combined with push-pull based switch capacitor regulator has shown an average efficiency of more than 90% for 2:1 down conversion with workload imbalance varying up to 50% of I-load.
In this letter, the use of quantum information as a security enabler for the future driverless vehicle is explored. Specifically, the role combined classical and quantum information can have on the most important characteristic of the driverless vehicle paradigm-the vehicle location is investigated. By using information-theoretic verification frameworks, coupled with emerging quantum-based location-verification procedures, how vehicle positions can be authenticated with a probability of error simply not attainable in classical-only networks is shown. How other quantum applications can be seamlessly encapsulated within the same vehicular communication infrastructure required for location verification is also discussed. The two technology enablers required for the driverless quantum vehicle are an increase in current quantum memory timescales (likely) and wide-scale deployment of classical vehicular communication infrastructure (underway). It is argued that the enhanced safety features delivered by the quantum car mean its eventual deployment is inevitable.
The succession of archaeological units at Notarchirico offers technical and environmental arguments aimed at the characterization of the variability of the European Ancient Palaeolithic. Analysis shows the presence of distinctive features within the Acheulean assemblage besides the presence of handaxes. Hominins used flint and limestone on the site: a lithological analysis shows a predominance of the same raw materials in every unit and a partial selective exploitation. In unit B, traditionally associated with so-called Mode 2, the knapper principally intended to produce a sharp or convergence of the sharps (choppers or bifacial tools). In the E/E1 units, flaking prevails on the sporadic shaping: the presence of cores with polyhedral forms and the extreme dimensional reduction of objects are other main technical features associated with this core and flake assemblage. The presence or absence of handaxes is not the only element of variability: the presence of micro-tools and other technical elements represent technological innovations in the Lower Pleistocene assemblages common to many Italian sites during the so-called Mode 1-2 transition. The traditional idea of Acheulean as an uniform entity characterized by the presence of handaxes does not seem to be valid. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Treatment of neuropathic pain using topical formulations is still in its infancy. Only few topical analgesic formulations have become available for clinical use, and among these, analgesic creams are still rare. This is unfortunate because analgesic creams offer a number of advantages over patches, such as convenience, ease of adapting the frequency of application, and dose, and rubbing cream where it hurts involves the patient much more in the therapeutic process compared to patches and other localized treatment modalities. Although the literature supporting the efficacy and safety of analgesic creams (mostly compounded) is growing since the last decade, most pain physicians have not yet noticed and appreciated the therapeutic potential and clinical value of these creams. This is most probably due to a prejudice that topical application should need to act transdermally, more or less as a slow-release formulation, such as in patches delivering opioids. We will discuss this prejudice and show that there are multiple important targets in the skin to be reached by topical analgesic or anti-inflammatory compounds, and that the keratinocyte is one of those targets. By specifically targeting the keratinocyte, analgesia seems possible, effective, and safe, and thus topical analgesic creams may hold promise as a novel treatment modality for neuropathic pain.
Interpersonal coordination, the extent to which social partners coordinate each other's postures and mannerisms, acts as a social glue that serves both individual and social goals, such as producing prosocial behaviors and facilitating harmonious interactions. Research in this area has become prominent in a variety of domains both within and outside of psychology, forming a sizeable literature dedicated to investigating the causes and consequences of interpersonal coordination. We conducted a series of meta-analyses on studies that treated interpersonal coordination as an independent variable, in order to measure its effect on several intrapersonal (e.g., mood, need to belong) and interpersonal (e.g., prosocial behavior) outcomes, as well as several potential moderators (e.g., percentage of female participants) that may affect the strength of the effect. Overall, the results demonstrated that the positive effects of interpersonal coordination are robust, with a few exceptions specific to intrapersonal outcomes. These findings provide a much-needed quantitative summary of the literature on interpersonal coordination, and highlight areas that merit future research.
Given immunity's general role in the organism's economy-both in terms of its internal environment as well as mediating its external relations-immune theory has expanded its traditional formulation of preserving individual autonomy to one that includes accounting for nutritional processes and symbiotic relationships that require immune tolerance. When such a full ecological alignment is adopted, the immune system becomes the mediator of both defensive and assimilative environmental intercourse, where a balance of immune rejection and tolerance governs the complex interactions of the organism's ecological relationships. Accordingly, immunology, which historically had affiliated with the biology of individuals, now becomes a science concerned with the biology of communities. With this translocation, the ontological basis of the organism is undergoing a profound change. Indeed, the recent recognition of the ubiquity of symbiosis has challenged the traditional notions of biological individuality and requires a shift in the metaphysics undergirding biology, in which a philosophy of the organism must be characterized by ecological dialectics all-the-way-down..
The use of convex relaxations has lately gained considerable interest in Power Systems. These relaxations play a major role in providing quality guarantees for non-convex optimization problems. For the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem, the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is known to produce tight lower bounds. Unfortunately, SDP solvers still suffer from a lack of scalability. In this work, we introduce an exact reformulation of the SDP relaxation, formed by a set of polynomial constraints defined in the space of real variables. The new constraints can be seen as cuts, strengthening weaker second-order cone relaxations, and can be generated in a lazy iterative fashion. The new formulation can be handled by standard nonlinear programming solvers, enjoying better stability and computational efficiency. This new approach benefits from recent results on tree-decomposition methods, reducing the dimension of the underlying SDP matrices. As a side result, we present a formulation of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in the SDP space and reveal the existing link between these cycle constraints and the original SDP relaxation for three dimensional matrices. Preliminary results show a significant gain in computational efficiency compared to a standard SDP solver approach.
Ullrich, Krueger, Brod, and Groschupf (2013)-using a replication of the trait paradigm from Norton, Frost, and Ariely (2007)-suggest that less information does not always equal greater liking. We first ground the current debate in a larger historical debate in social psychology regarding the merits of configural versus algebraic models of person perception. We next review (a) related research that has suggested that more information can in some cases lead to more liking and (b) a large body of real world data-from friendships, daters, married couples, employment, celebrities, and politics-that suggests that more information often leads to less liking. We then provide an additional replication of our less is more effect, using a slight variation of the trait-list paradigm. The existing data suggest a need for further integrative explorations of when familiarity leads to contempt or liking or has no effect.
This paper discusses the engagement of furniture design with environmental elements and ecological system in design literature. The purpose is to establish a gap in the area of ecological design. A sustained relationship of field study has resulted in two major areas of designs: industrial design (ID) and manufacturing technology design (MT), while one minor field found is business and industrial marketing (IM). The term ID describes the creative thinking involved in industrial cycle methodologies. Instead, aesthetics and ergonomics, it applies manufacturing engineering principles to develop ecological system in forms of design. As for the term MT, structured measures are commonly applied on the manufacturing and industrial technology engineering. Another prominent term is the green design and manufacturing or environmentally conscious manufacturing (ECM), which means the material sources go through processed systems in producing the goods with several operations; large production scale to meet the ecological consumer behaviour, and the materials must be specified in the earliest stages due to the design and production stages. Furthermore, IM remains a minor area that is slightly important since the environmental communication is derived from the ecological system issues. Based on greenhouse gases (GHG) function, this initiative drives business to business communication (B2B) that could be considered as ecological economics player. Normally, the manufacturing sector complies with the national economic transformation agenda for the international intention. Finally, combination of three areas of study may lead to the probable finding of the ecological influence or elements and the extraction of environmental design, standards and theory. Hence, this topic is to focus on the criteria, capability and characteristics (3C) of ecological system with the awareness of producing the recycling product design (forms context) and to help practicing designers identify problems, issues and gaps in relation to ecological concept using suitable methodologies and its applications.
Despite the gargantuan market potential, Printed Electronics-only (PE-only) circuits and systems on flexible substrate remain nascent. There are a number of reasons for this, including the inavailability of Process Development Kits (PDKs) to facilitate PE circuits and systems design and to predict manufacturability (due to the innately high process variations of PE). In this paper, we describe an Open-Platform PDK for our Fully-Additive Low-Temperature All-Air printing process with Very Low Process Variations. Our PDK embodies a novel simple yet accurate transistor model that can not only accurately model the printed transistors depending on their layout and when they are flat (unbent substrate) but also accurately model the process variations when they are bent (bent substrate). This PDK for bending is important for PE circuits and systems whose substrate is adhered to uneven surfaces or bent to fit odd spaces, thereby expanding the applicability of PE circuits and systems. The efficacy of the Open-Platform and the proposed PE transistor model is verified by means of comparisons between simulations and measurements of basic individual printed electronic elements and for several fundamental printed digital and analog circuits. These comparisons include when the substrate is flat and bent, depicting that bending is not only detrimental, but may conversely be advantageously exploited. The proposed PDK is compatible with commercial computer aided design simulation tools.