87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Addiction is a pathology that progressively and insidiously undermines one's autonomy-manifested, among other ways, in the experience of a sense of alienation from oneself and others. Therefore, in seeking to overcome addiction, the rehabilitative journey must facilitate the fostering of autonomy. Here, in as much as autonomy is a socially embedded capacity, so must the therapeutic process-within this context, the client-counselor relationship-be grounded in an attentiveness to and facilitation of autonomy's dialogical antecedents. One such means of achieving this is through the counselor attending to and expressing their presence, in which they are engaged in a person-to-person therapeutic alliance underpinned by a collaborative dynamic. Here, the healthy interpersonal dyad between client and counselor can provide an environment through which the client may more fully recognize their autonomous resources and exercise such resources in a way that enables them to embark on the rehabilitative journey, and, attendant to this, autonomous living.
In explaining why constituent groups often vary in their perceptions of the most salient aspects of an organization's identity, existing research has drawn, almost exclusively, on social identity research and self-enhancement motives. This research suggests that when different organizational identity categorizations are enhancing to some groups but not others, variation in organizational identity perceptions arises. In this paper, by contrast, we explore the role that unmotivated or spontaneous cognitions may play in influencing variation in constituents' organizational identity categorizations. Based on data from a study of U.S. business school constituents, we develop a dual-path model through which both motivated and spontaneous processes influence the different organizational identity categorizations constituent groups find to be most salient. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
We present a system, called Cygnet, makes it easy both to use and to implement media-rich interactive cloud services. Usage simplicity is achieved by providing a simple but powerful mechanism that makes an I/O device a first-class network-accessible resource that any user can dynamically bind to any service at any time. Implementation simplicity is achieved by providing a development and runtime environment that is identical to that of a typical Linux distribution running on a local machine. In Cygnet the cloud is thus transparent to both developers and users, the latter of whom concern themselves simply with choosing the I/O devices via which they wish to interact with their services. The system supports all classes of services and is optimized for the difficult class that requires a GPU to render content in real time. Designing and implementing a cloud-transparent system for that class presents a number of significant technical challenges. We describe how we overcame those challenges and then evaluate the performance of the system's cloud-based GPU rendering.
Evidence is reviewed supporting the presence of an inherited structural defect in the plasma membranes of somatic cells of humans who have type 2 diabetes mellitus and sodium-sensitive essential hypertension. This magnesium-binding defect (MgBD) consists of a decreased content of tightly bound Mg2+ ion in the cell membrane and limits the amount of Mg2+ that enters the cell, some of which combines with ATP(4-), produced by the cell, to form MgATP(2-), the currency of metabolic energy. Consequently, in both prediabetes and overt diabetes, the intracellular concentration of the interdependent Mg2+ and MgATP(2-) ions is significantly less than normal. These 2 ions are required as cofactors and (or) substrates for some 300 enzyme systems in human metabolism, many of which are involved with insulin. Thus the decreased activities of particular ones of these enzyme systems due to the decreased intracellular [Mg2+] and its dependent [MgATP(2-)] are responsible for (i) insulin resistance and (ii) decreased insulin secretion and (or) production, the 2 patho-physiological processes required for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These 2 processes can account for all of the morbid symptoms associated with this disease. Thus, the decreased intracellular concentration of the interdependent Mg2+ and MgATp(2-) ions constitutes the etiology of genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be corrected by 2 identified peptide Mg2+-binding promoters that are derived from the carboxyl terminal of the tachykinin substance P and occur in normal blood plasma. Decreased intracellular [Mg2+] and [MgATp(2-)] can also result from a dietary deficiency of magnesium or from an abnormal accumulation of saturated fatty acids in cell membranes, which inhibits the entrance of Mg2+ into the cell; thus it is also the etiology not only of diabetes caused by magnesium deficiency, but also of the lipotoxic type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although these pathologies cannot be corrected by the Mg2+-binding promoters, they can be corrected, respectively, by dietary magnesium supplementation or by exercise plus dietary caloric and lipid restriction. Theoretically, the disease syndrome containing type 2 diabetes mellitus may involve approximately 30% of the population.
In mammals, centromere definition involves the histone variant CENP-A (centromere protein A), deposited by its chaperone, HJURP (Holliday junction recognition protein). Alterations in this process impair chromosome segregation and genome stability, which are also compromised by p53 inactivation in cancer. Here we found that CENP-A and HJURP are transcriptionally up-regulated in p53-null human tumors. Using an established mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model combining p53 inactivation with E1A or HRas-V12 oncogene expression, we reproduced a similar up-regulation of HJURP and CENP-A. We delineate functional CDE/CHR motifs within the Hjurp and Cenpa promoters and demonstrate their roles in p53-mediated repression. To assess the importance of HJURP up-regulation in transformed murine and human cells, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Remarkably, depletion of HJURP leads to distinct outcomes depending on their p53 status. Functional p53 elicits a cell cycle arrest response, whereas, in p53-null transformed cells, the absence of arrest enables the loss of HJURP to induce severe aneuploidy and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death. We thus tested the impact of HJURP depletion in pre-established allograft tumors in mice and revealed a major block of tumor progression in vivo. We discuss a model in which an epigenetic addiction to the HJURP chaperone represents an Achilles' heel in p53-deficient transformed cells.
Transition of the precision engineering and instrumentation to the widespread use of nanoscale structures and thin layers requires improved localization methods for measuring the depth of the material. Unified standards and the generally accepted methods for measuring the wear resistance and friction coefficient are not currently available. The aim of this work was the development of a universal friction machine with the simplified requirements for the preparation and the geometric shape of the sample and the opposing disc. An important requirement for the equipment and the method of measurement is the ability to measure the friction coefficient and the determination of the wear resistance of coatings and hardened layers of micron and submicron thicknesses. Another important requirement is modeling in the experiment of acyclic friction process, as close as possible to the real operating conditions of components and parts. Both of these conditions are successfully realized by using the method of disc on plate. Implementation of disk on plate method was used to simplify and improve the rapid measurement, and to minimize load on the friction assembly, reduce friction pair temperature, increase the sensitivity and improve the resistive bridge thermal stabilization. The complex for the study of friction and wear processes of various materials pairs in conditions close to operational was manufactured and tested. The measuring console with a low value of the parasitic load on the measuring cell was designed. A computerized hardware and software system for the registration of the friction parameters of the process was developed. The software for processing and storage of experiment results was developed. The software is compatible with modern Windows operating systems. The file format for measurement results storage is compatible with the conventional graphic editors and could be processed by means of Excel. The main principles of the analysis and processing of the results are consequentially described. Typical results of usage of the developed machine for friction coefficient measurements and the determination of the wear resistance of massive, homogeneous surface-hardened materials and alloys with coatings are shown. The high efficiency of the created equipment complex during investigation of coatings, optimization of coating depositing processes and the modification of the surface layers are shown in the study. The efficiency of the complex was confirmed by the study of the modified layers and micron thickness coatings. It was found that the friction coefficient and wear resistance of construction materials, modified thin microcrystalline layers and nanostructured coatings was effectively controlled by using of the created complex.
Cloud computing has recently emerged as a dominant Internet service computing model due to its payas-you-go and elastic service features. Cloud computing systems are usually composed of distributed datacenters, which leverage virtualization technology to provide a scalable and reliable service. Optical networks are recognized as promising next-generation core networks for connecting these distributed datacenters due to their characteristics such as high bandwidth provisioning, low latency, low bit error rate, etc. However, concern about the ever-increasing energy consumption of cloud computing systems together with core networks has been raised due to high electricity bills as well as environmental pollution. In this paper, we study the Energy-aware Provisioning in Optical Cloud Networks (EPOCN) problem for both dynamic and static cases. When traffic requests arrive in an online fashion, we propose a polynomial-time energy-aware routing algorithm to solve the dynamic EPOCN problem. Simulations show that our energy-aware routing algorithm brings more energy savings in comparison to a shortest path-based routing algorithm and a traffic grooming algorithm. On the other hand, we show that the EPOCN problem in the static case (the traffic matrix is known in advance) is NP-hard. We further divide this problem into (1) the Energy-Aware Routing (EAR) problem in optical networks and (2) the Energy-efficient Server and Switch Allocation (ESSA) problem in datacenter networks. Considering these two (sub)problems are still NP-hard, we present an exact Integer Linear Program (ILP) and a heuristic to solve each problem. We also conduct simulations to compare the proposed ILPs and heuristics in terms of energy consumption and running time. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Background: Research has shown that suicide is a phenomenon highly present among the drug dependent population. Different studies have demonstrated an upraised level of comorbidity between personality disorders (PD) and substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to describe which PDs are more frequent among those patients with a risk of suicide. Methods: The study was based on a consecutive non-probabilistic convenience sample of 196 bereaved patients attended to in a Public Addiction Center in Girona (Spain). Sociodemographic data, as well as suicide and drug related characteristics were recorded. The risk of suicide was assessed with the Spanish version of Risk of suicide. Personality disorders were measured with the Spanish version of Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory. Results: The PDs more associated with the presence of risk of suicide were depressive, avoidant, schizotypal and borderline disorders. However, the histrionic, narcissistic and compulsive PDs are inversely associated with risk of suicide even though the narcissistic scale had no statistical correlation. Conclusions: The risk of suicide is a significant factor to take into account related to patients with SUD and especially with the presence of specific PDs. These findings underline the importance of diagnosing and treating rigorously patients with SUD.
Age-related cataracts are frequently associated with degenerative changes in the ocular lens including the aggregation of proteins mainly crystallins, but also other proteins including amyloids (A beta) leading to the hypothesis that cataracts could be used as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Even if this hypothesis was rejected by David Beebe's last paper (Bei et al., Exp. Eye Res., 2015), it is a fascinating aspect to look for commonalities between eye diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, I discuss such commonalities between eye and brain mainly from a developmental point of view. The finding of the functional homology of the Drosophila eyeless gene with the mammalian Pax6 gene marks a first highlight in the developmental genetics of the eye this result destroyed the dogma of the different evolutionary routes of eye development in flies and mammals. The second highlight was the finding that Pax6 is also involved in the development of the forebrain supporting the pleiotropic role of many genes. These findings opened a new avenue for research showing that a broad variety of transcription factors, but also structural proteins are involved both, in eye and brain development as well as into the maintenance of the functional integrity of the corresponding tissue(s). In this review recent findings are summarized demonstrating that genes whose mutations have been identified first to be causative for congenital or juvenile eye disorders are also involved in regenerative processes and neurogenesis (Pax6), but also in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson (e.g. Pitx3) or in neurological disorders like Schizophrenia (e.g. Crybb1, Crybb2). (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Spatial abilities encompass several skills differentiable from general cognitive ability (g). Importantly, spatial abilities have been shown to be significant predictors of many life outcomes, even after controlling for g. To date, no studies have analyzed the genetic architecture of diverse spatial abilities using a multivariate approach. We developed gamified measures of diverse putative spatial abilities. The battery of 10 tests was administered online to 1,367 twin pairs (age 19-21) from the UK-representative Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). We show that spatial abilities constitute a single factor, both phenotypically and genetically, even after controlling for g. This spatial ability factor is highly heritable (69%). We draw three conclusions: (i) The high heritability of spatial abilitymakes it a good target for gene-hunting research; (ii) some genes will be specific to spatial ability, independent of g; and (iii) these genes will be associated with all components of spatial ability.
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., and is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in regions of the arterial tree exposed to disturbed blood flow. The detailed mechanisms by which d-flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the expression of genes, epigenetic patterns, and metabolites of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. This review presents an overview of endothelial mechanobiology and its relation to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with special reference to the anatomy of the artery and the underlying fluid mechanics, followed by a discussion of a variety of experimental models to study the role of fluid mechanics and atherosclerosis. Various in vitro and in vivo models to study the role of flow in endothelial biology and pathobiology are discussed in this review. Furthermore, strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miR-nome, DNA methylome, and metabolome, as they are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis. These omics approaches, especially those which derive data based on a single animal model, provide unprecedented opportunities to not only better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic and integrative manner, but also to identify novel molecular and diagnostic targets. (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Recently, Yu et al. (Quantum Inf Process 13(6): 1457-1465, 2014) proposed the first semi-quantum scheme without the need of a classical channel to generate a secret key, while employing a master key and the entanglement properties of Bell states. This study points out a vulnerability that allows a malicious person to recover a partialmaster key and to launch a successful Man-In-The-Middle attack. Accordingly, we present the most likely leakage information scenarios where an outside attacker affects the security of the proposed protocol.
Extreme climate events, floods, and drought, cause huge impact on daily lives. In order to produce society resilient to extreme events, it is necessary to assess the impact of frequent and high intensity storm events on design parameters. This article describes a methodology to develop future peak design discharges throughout the United States that can be used as a guidance to map future floodplains. In order to develop a lower and upper limit for anticipated peak flow discharges, two future growth scenarios - Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)-RCP 2.6 and 8.5 were identified as the weak and strong climate scenario respectively based on the output from the global climate models. The Generalized Least Square technique in United States Geological Survey's Weighted Multiple Regression (WREG) program was used to develop regression equations that relate peak discharges to basin and climate parameters of the contributing watershed. The design discharges reflect the most recent climate model results. Number of frost days, heavy rainfall days, high temperature days, and snow depth were found to be the common extreme climate parameters influencing the regression equations. This methodology can be extended to other flood frequency events if rainfall data is available. The future discharges can be utilized in hydraulics models to estimate floodplains that can assist in resilient infrastructure planning and outline climate change adaptation strategies.
Most research in the field of ambient technology has been conducted in Western cultural spheres. In this paper, we want to explore potential approaches designers might take towards ambient systems in Asian contexts. We particularly aim at exploring the role of ambience in the development of such systems and analyzing how aesthetic factors vary depending on culture. We observed that efficiency and environmental factors influence design decisions and serve as feedback on smart technologies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Background: Asthma is characterized by a heterogeneous inflammatory profile and can be subdivided into T(h) 2-high and T(h) 2-low airway inflammation. Profiling of a broader panel of airway cytokines in large unselected patient cohorts is lacking. Methods: Patients (n = 205) were defined as being cytokine-low/high if sputum mRNA expression of a particular cytokine was outside the respective 10th/90th percentile range of the control group (n = 80). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to determine clusters based on sputum cytokine profiles. Results: Half of patients (n = 108; 52.6%) had a classical T(h) 2-high (IL-4-, IL-5-and/or IL-13-high) sputum cytokine profile. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed 5 clusters. Patients with an IL-4-and/or IL-13-highpattern surprisingly did not cluster but were equally distributed among the 5 clusters. Patients with an IL-5-, IL-17A-/F-and IL-25-highprofile were restricted to cluster 1 (n = 24) with increased sputum eosinophil as well as neutrophil counts and poor lung function parameters at baseline and 2 years later. Four other clusters were identified: IL-5-high or IL-10-high(n = 16), IL-6-high(n = 8), IL-22-high(n = 25). Cluster 5 (n = 132) consists of patients without cytokine-highpattern or patients with only high IL-4 and/or IL-13. Conclusion: We identified 5 unique asthma molecular phenotypes by biological clustering. Type 2 cytokines cluster with non-type 2 cytokines in 4 out of 5 clusters. Unsupervised analysis thus not supports a priori type 2 versus non-type 2 molecular phenotypes.
Present efforts to improve maize performance in water-limited environments are aggressively pursuing leaf-level traits, such as quantum efficiency, mesophyll osmoregulation, and stress-protein responses. However, it is possible that improvement of these traits will lead directly to hydraulic failure if hydraulics and photosynthesis are closely aligned. Here, we address the whole plant response to drought stress and ask if photosynthetic and hydraulic traits appear bundled together as a coordinated response, or if these traits operate largely independently of one another. Xylem conductance of leaves and stems, whole plant conductance, stomatal conductance, rate of electron transport (ETR), maximal catalytic rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (V-pmax) (EC 4.1.1.31), and net CO2 assimilation (Amax) were measured in maize plants subjected to contrasting levels of drought stress in greenhouse and field experiments. Photosynthetic traits (A(max), ETR, V-pmax), hydraulic traits (whole plant and stem conductance) and stomatal conductance were all reduced by >80% as leaf water potentials declined below 3.0 MPa. Furthermore, 83% of the variation associated with the photosynthetic and hydraulic traits measured in this study was explained by a single principal component, revealing a remarkable degree of alignment among them. Whole plant transpiration rates recovered to ca 90% of maximal values 4 d after lifting severe drought stress ('Y leaf- leaf 3.5 MPa). Closely aligned hydraulic, photosynthetic, and stomatal responses to drought stress suggest that improvements to individual traits, in isolation to each other, may lead to the loss of plant functioning (e.g. water transport) rather than leading to marked improvements in growth. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
Research from evolutionary psychology suggests that the mere presence of eye images can promote prosocial behavior. However, the eye images effect'' is a source of considerable debate, and findings across studies have yielded somewhat inconsistent support. We suggest that one critical factor may be whether the eyes really need to be watching to effectively enhance prosocial behavior. In three experiments, we investigated the impact of eye images on prosocial behavior, assessed in a laboratory setting. Participants were randomly assigned to view an image of watching eyes (eyes with direct gaze), an image of nonwatching eyes (i.e., eyes closed for Study 1 and averted eyes for Studies 2 and 3), or an image of flowers (control condition). Upon exposure to the stimuli, participants decided whether or not to help another participant by completing a dull cognitive task. Three independent studies produced somewhat mixed results. However, combined analysis of all three studies, with a total of 612 participants, showed that the watching component of the eyes is important for decision-making in this context. Images of watching eyes led to significantly greater inclination to offer help as compared to images of nonwatching eyes (i.e., eyes closed and averted eyes) or images of flowers. These findings suggest that eyes gazing at an individual, rather than any proxy to social presence (e.g., just the eyes), serve as a reminder of reputation. Taken together, we conclude that it is eyes that pay attention'' that can lift the veil of anonymity and potentially facilitate prosocial behavior.