87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
The area around Ragusa in Sicily is well known for the exploration of petroleum deposits hosted in Mesozoic carbonate rocks. These reservoirs are overlain by less permeable rocks, whereas the surface geology is characterized by outcrops of Oligo-Miocene carbonate units hosting important aquifers. Some of the karst springs of the area are used as drinking water supplies, and therefore these vulnerable aquifers should be monitored and protected adequately. In the early afternoon (14:00) of 27 May until the late evening (19:30) of 28 May 2011, during the construction of an exploitation borehole (Tresauro 2), more than 1000 m(3) of drilling fluids were lost in an unknown karst void. Two days later, from 06:30 on 30 May, water flowing from Paradiso Spring, lying some 13.7 km SW of the borehole and 378 m lower, normally used as a domestic water supply, was so intensely coloured that it was unfit for drinking. Bulk chemical analyses carried out on the water have shown a composition that is very similar to that of the drilling fluids lost at the Tresauro borehole, confirming a hydrological connection. Estimations indicate that the first signs of the drilling fluids took about 59 h to flow from their injection point to the spring, corresponding to a mean velocity of similar to 230 m/h. That Paradiso Spring is recharged by a well developed underground drainage system is also confirmed by the marked flow rate changes measured at the spring, ranging from a base flow of around 10-15 1/s to flood peaks of 2-3 m(3)/s. Reflecting the source and nature of the initial contamination, the pollution lasted for just a few days, and the water returned to acceptable drinking-water standards relatively quickly. However, pollution related to heavy-mineral fines continues to be registered during flooding of the spring, when the aqueducts are normally shut down because of the high turbidity values. This pollution event offers an instructive example of how hydrocarbon exploitation in intensely karstified areas, where natural springs provide domestic water supplies, should be controlled effectively to prevent such disasters occurring. This pollution incident is also a useful example of how such accidental tracer tests can identify rapid karstic flow paths over long distances. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Although things in the Internet of Things contain considerable amounts of software, developers of such software have no standardized means of maintaining, improving and sharing this software as they can do, e.g., with applications on a smart phone. This limitation can hamper user-driven innovation. In this paper we evaluate the usefulness of the app store metaphor as a means of sharing and deploying Internet of Things software among makers. We did a set of interviews and a questionnaire-based survey with a sample of makers in various maker communities. We used this data to extract requirements for an application store, using the common app store metaphor as a starting point. The app store concept was developed as a proof of concept implementation, and evaluated through feasibility evaluation and focus group evaluation methods. Our findings show that although the app store metaphor is familiar and easy to grasp, there are some fundamental challenges when adapting the metaphor: (1) The difficulty of supporting the diversity in the software and hardware vendor market, (2) The tension between context awareness and the need for pre-configuration and pre-packaging, and (3) usability challenges related to the number of devices and apps.
A fuzzy just-in-time (JIT) ubiquitous service networked system is established in this study. This system is an innovative application of mobile commerce, ubiquitous computing, and ambient intelligence. The intended user is a traveler who must decide on the best service location along the planned route; the system arranges the service when the user demands it, so that when the user arrives at the service location the required service is ready. This system applies the just-in-time concept to mobile commerce, ubiquitous computing, and ambient intelligence. This innovation has great potential for providing better services in these fields. The issue of how to determine the JIT service location and path in a ubiquitous service network is critical; however, because data about the user's position is inaccurate, the task is difficult. To tackle this difficulty, a FINLP model is formulated, and a fuzzy version of Dijkstra's algorithm is proposed. A test system has been established to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Based on the experimental results, the proposed JIT ubiquitous service networked system was able to reduce the user's average waiting time by 74%.
Asch's seminal research on Forming Impressions of Personality'' (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e. g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007; Wojciszke, 2005). Because this effect does not fit with Asch's Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch's paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacyof- warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.
Better memory for positive information compared to negative and neutral information has been repeatedly associated with successful aging. The main psychological explanations for this so-called positivity effect in memory principally rely on emotional, motivational, and cognitive mechanisms that make older adults' cognition highly sensitive to positive information according to ultimate goals of well-being. However, emerging evidence also delineates a genetic profile for positivity effects in memory, which may render some older adults more prone than others to encoding and remembering positive memories. First, we present a brief overview of behavioral and neuroimaging studies about the positivity effect in aging. Subsequently, we report studies on candidate genes associated with positive memories. In particular, we review work to date on several candidate genes that are sensitive to stimulus valence such as ADRA2B, COMT, and 5HTTLPR. Finally, we propose that the future approach to the study of genetic correlates of positivity effects in memory should also include mitochondrial functioning (TOMM40). Altogether, the study of genetics and cell biology of positivity effects in memory can help us to reveal the underlying bottom-up pathways to positive affect in healthy aging. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Monitoring the human hydration level (BHL) is a key factor in preventing urinary system disorders. The paper proposes a smart holistic system that comprises two components: (1) a urine colour measurement system that can be installed in restrooms, and (2) a mobile app that can be used to interact with the measurement unit, track the user's BHL, view statistical data and advice. The main prototype was built based on low-cost embedded Internet devices coupled with RGB sensors and light sources. Based on the RGB theory, the system was tested in a laboratory, using liquid mixed with food colour of different shades. Results were presented on the mobile app. The system was successfully implemented, as a ubiquitous on-the-go self-test solution for raising awareness in a greener and user friendly way.
The present study focuses on measuring the effects of industrial wastewater disposed from thermal electricity power plant as by-product on the geotechnical properties of sandy soil and applying washing process to remediate the contaminated soil samples and measure the efficiency of washing technique. The disturbed sandy soil samples were obtained from Al-Kufa City located to the southwest of Iraq and the industrial wastewater obtained from Al-Musayib thermal electricity power plant. The intact sandy soil was contaminated in the laboratory with four percentages of industrial wastewater (10, 20, 40 and 100%) calculated according to the weight of dry soil. The industrial wastewater is mixed with distilled water to constitute the solution used in the contamination process of soil through soaking the soil by this solution for 30 days. The study results showed that with increasing the percentages of the contaminant, there was a slight increase in both the liquid limit and particle size, while there was a significant increase in the optimum water content. Nevertheless, a slight decrease was observed in the specific gravity, maximum dry unit weight, and void ratio, while, a considerable decrease was noticed in the angle of the internal friction and coefficient of permeability of soil. The proposed remediation technique soil washing is efficient, economical, and time saving when used to remediate sandy soils. After remediation, the results showed an increase in the cohesion, angle of internal friction and maximum dry unit weight. Also, a slight increase was observed in the specific gravity, void ratio and permeability coefficient of remediated soil samples when compared with that of contaminated samples. The removal efficiencies of contaminant from soil were (97.63, 96.79, 96.58, and 93.87%) for the soil samples contaminated with industrial wastewater by (10, 20, 40 and 100%), respectively.
The games that adolescents and young people used to play in the play grounds and on the streets have been replaced in recent years with cyber games played in front of the computer on the internet or in game arcades. This changing culture has particularly brought up the concept of digital game addiction, a condition that stems from the steadily growing passion for digital games and their excessived and uncontrolled usage among adolescents and young people. Game addiction in the psychiatry literature has been described as an impulse control disorder characterized by the symptoms such as the inability to control the time spent on game-playing, a loss of interest in other activities, continuing to play despite the adverse effects and feeling psychologically deprived when not being able to play.Although digital game addiction has not been accepted by psychiatric authorities as a psychiatric disorder yet, the increasing psychiatry referrals due to the problems accompanying this disorder, the efforts of families to seek support and solutions, the evidence that similarities with other types of addiction have been revealed by researchers, as well as the current prevalence rates are all factors that suggest the existence of important of the examination of issue. Despite the discussions about the digital game addiction, the literature on the subject is increasing. This article offers an overview of digital game-playing behavior in the light of current literature, seeking to share its findings with health care professionals.
Microelectronic product consumers may already be expecting another paradigm shift with smarter phones over smart phones, but the current status of microelectronic manufacturing engineering education (MMEE) in universities hardly makes up the pace for such a fast moving technology paradigm shift. The purpose of MMEE is to educate four-year university graduates to work in the microelectronics industry with up-to-date knowledge and self-motivation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive curriculum for a four-year university degree program in the area of microelectronics manufacturing. Three hands-on experienced-based courses are proposed, along with a methodology for undergraduate students to acquire hands-on experience, towards integrated circuits (ICs) design, fabrication and packaging, are presented in consideration of manufacturing engineering education. Semiconductor device and circuit design course for junior level is designed to cover how designed circuits progress to micro-fabrication by practicing full customization of the layout of digital circuits. Hands-on experienced-based semiconductor fabrication courses are composed to enhance students' motivation to participate in self-motivated semiconductor fab activities by performing a series of collaborations. Finally, the Microelectronics Packaging course provides greater possibilities of mastered skillsets in the area of microelectronics manufacturing with the fabrication of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and board level assembly for microprocessor applications. The evaluation of the presented comprehensive curriculum was performed with a students' survey. All the students responded with Strongly Agree or Agree for the manufacturing related courses. Through the development and application of the presented curriculum for the past six years, we are convinced that students' confidence in obtaining their desired jobs or choosing higher degrees in the area of microelectronics manufacturing was increased. We confirmed that the hypothesis on the inclusion of hands-on experience-based courses for MMEE is beneficial to enhancing the motivation for learning.
Modern medicine pays a great attention to environmental security, i.e. to elimination of adverse health effects due to environmental factors. From the end of twentieth century, the environment became a source of urban and industry induced threats, such as: air and water microbe and chemical pollution, increased levels of ionizing radiation, and high risk of traumas. Essentially, the food, as very important environmental factor, has also changed in the modern era due to new agriculture technologies, refining, synthetic food additives, the influences of ultra-high and ultra-low temperatures, gene engineering, etc. On the other hand, one of the important achievements of the modern medicine is an introduction of functional foods for maintenance of homeostasis of human metabolism under the current environmental conditions. Imbalance between free radicals in organism induced by a variety of stresses and dietary antioxidants is one of the factors damaging human health. Bioantioxidants, i.e. antioxidants naturally engaged in metabolism, are of special value for medical purposes of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. The adverse effects related to the bioantioxidant deficiency are generated by the accumulation of products arising from oxidation induced by free radicals. An increased need for bioantioxidants may emerge under specific conditions: (1) stress, (2) exposure to ionizing radiation, xenobiotics and another harmful man-made factors of the environment, (3) too much or too little physical activity due to traumas and rescue efforts, (4) administration of pharmaceuticals activating processes of oxidation induced by free radicals, such as antibiotics, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory preparations. The alcohol-free dietary concentrate Enoant developed by the National Institute for Vine and Wine Magarach represents a practical approach to use the Cabernet Sauvignon grape for prevention and treatment of various maladies. Experimental and clinical studies have shown curative and preventive benefits of Enoant as a part of methodology used in catastrophe medicine. These may contribute to the achievement, with better effectiveness, of clinical goals in complex treatment and rehabilitation of humans, possessing impaired functions of the cardio-respiratory system, red blood cells, the antioxidant system and lipid metabolism by improving the immunity and lessening of toxic side effects of radiation and pharmacotherapy. Data from experiments and clinical studies on effects exerted by Enoant indicate that the criteria for optimization of medical technologies should include both a sufficient daily dose of the concentrate and the absence of individual negative reactions or grape-induced allergy.
Over time eukaryotic genomes have evolved to host genes carrying multiple exons separated by increasingly larger intronic, mostly non-protein-coding, sequences. Initially, little attention was paid to these intronic sequences, as they were considered not to contain regulatory information. However, advances in molecular biology, sequencing, and computational tools uncovered that numerous segments within these genomic elements do contribute to the regulation of gene expression. Introns are differentially removed in a cell type-specific manner to produce a range of alternatively-spliced transcripts, and many span tens to hundreds of kilobases. Recent work in human and fruitfly tissues revealed that long introns are extensively processed cotranscriptionally and in a stepwise manner, before their two flanking exons are spliced together. This process, called recursive splicing, often involves non-canonical splicing elements positioned deep within introns, and different mechanisms for its deployment have been proposed. Still, the very existence and widespread nature of recursive splicing offers a new regulatory layer in the transcript maturation pathway, which may also have implications in human disease.
Modeling individual fish habitat selection in highly variable environments such as hydropeaking rivers is required for guiding efficient management decisions. We analyzed fish microhabitat selection in the heterogeneous hydraulic and thermal conditions (modeled in two-dimensions) of a reach of the large hydropeaking Rhone River locally warmed by the cooling system of a nuclear power plant. We used modern fixed acoustic telemetry techniques to survey 18 fish individuals (five barbels, six catfishes, seven chubs) signaling their position every 3 s over a three-month period. Fish habitat selection depended on combinations of current microhabitat hydraulics (e.g. velocity, depth), past microhabitat hydraulics (e.g. dewatering risk or maximum velocities during the past 15 days) and to a lesser extent substrate and temperature. Mixed-effects habitat selection models indicated that individual effects were often stronger than specific effects. In the Rhone, fish individuals appear to memorize spatial and temporal environmental changes and to adopt a least constraining habitat selection. Avoiding fast flowing midstream habitats, fish generally live along the banks in areas where the dewatering risk is high. When discharge decreases, however, they select higher velocities but avoid both dewatering areas and very fast-flowing midstream habitats. Although consistent with the available knowledge on static fish habitat selection, our quantitative results demonstrate temporal variations in habitat selection, depending on individual behavior and environmental history. Their generality could be further tested using comparative experiments in different environmental configurations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This work was undertaken to determine the genesis and role of creativity (Cr) in the formation of mental qualities that gave Homo sapiens (HS) the evolutionary advantages in intra- and interspecific competition during the period of the intraspecific bifurcation of hominids on the border of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Creativity allowed HS to design the adaptive forms of purposeful behavior corresponding to the conditions and the degree of uncertainty, and create stable mental constructs, in the absence of perceptual sources, that do not require reactive behavior. Visualization of a target image, which originally had an applied and instructional value in the process of semantic filling, was transformed into a symbol, which, getting the qualities of the perceptual source, loses its connection to the primary value and initiates the creation of qualitatively new needs for hominids: bilateral (direct and inverse) relations in the system subject-symbol. The ability to produce the prognostic hypothesis with expansion of the operating range of the HS mind allowed the ability to search and change the tactics of an adaptive behavior, which gave the results: improvements in quality of life and an increase in life expectancy (genetically fixed); domination in intra- and interspecific competition; the emergence of new operating systems of the psyche, including the emergence and development of symbolic thought. As a criterion of creativity, with the potential ability for quantitative measurement, we propose the value of deviation of creative oscillations (proposal of a creative individual) from the boundaries between stereotypes: for the cognition sphere, a deviation from the border between recognizable and unrecognizable; for the social sphere, between acceptable and unacceptable.
Most intranasal oxytocin research to date has been carried out in men, but recent studies indicate that females' responses can differ substantially from males'. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved an all-female sample of 28 women not using hormonal contraception. Participants viewed animations of geometric shapes depicting either random movement or social interactions such as playing, chasing, or fighting. Probe questions asked whether any shapes were friends or not friends. Social videos were preceded by cues to attend to either social relationships or physical size changes. All subjects received intranasal placebo spray at scan 1. While the experimenter was not blinded to nasal spray contents at Scan 1, the participants were. Scan 2 followed a randomized, double-blind design. At scan 2, half received a second placebo dose while the other half received 24 III of intranasal oxytocin. We measured neural responses to these animations at baseline, as well as the change in neural activity induced by oxytocin. Oxytocin reduced activation in early visual cortex and dorsal-stream motion processing regions for the social >size contrast, indicating reduced activity related to social attention. Oxytocin also reduced endorsements that shapes were friends or not friends, and this significantly correlated with reduction in neural activation. Furthermore, participants who perceived fewer social relationships at baseline were more likely to show oxytocin-induced increases in a broad network of regions involved in social perception and social cognition, suggesting that lower social processing at baseline may predict more positive neural responses to oxytocin.
Objective: In order to guide curricular innovation, we looked at the feasibility and utility of performing a targeted needs assessment of the communication skills of PGY2 internal medicine (IM) residents in their continuity clinic, utilizing faculty direct observation with a validated instrument for communication skills evaluation. Methods: A convenience sample of PGY2 residents in the Emory University School of Medicine IM Residency Program was invited to participate. Using the SEGUE Framework, a checklist of medical communication tasks, faculty assessed residents during a clinic encounter. Results: Thirty out of 53 (57%) PGY2 residents were assessed. SEGUE results indicate residents were most likely to maintain patient's privacy (100%), greet patient appropriately (97%) and check/clarify information (100%). Residents were least likely to acknowledge waiting time (7%), explore psychosocial/emotional factors (27%) and outline agenda for visit (33%). Conclusion: The SEGUE Framework is a feasible tool to evaluate the communication skills of IM residents in a clinic setting. Many PGY2 IM residents in a large, urban practice do not elicit important psychosocial information during outpatient clinic visits. Practice implications: More observation and evaluation of residents' communication skills are needed, with emphasis on building skills to Understand the Patient's Perspective. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.