87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
In this paper, semi-analytical and numerical models developed in our previous works to study the dynamic behaviour of natural convection are assessed against the experimental data obtained by means of the L2 Natural Circulation Loop (NCL) of DIME-Tec Labs (University of Genoa). As for the experimental campaign, reference is made to a set of nine experiments performed using water as working fluid and providing a thermal power of 2 kW. This set of data is firstly adopted for the validation of a semi analytical linear analysis tool aimed at studying the asymptotic behaviour of NCLs through the definition of dimensionless stability maps. Then, two different numerical models (adopted in our previous work to confirm the linear analysis) are assessed, namely an Object-Oriented (O-O) one-dimensional model and a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. In this regard, the O-O model represents a fast tool for the evaluation of the most important quantities, such as the velocity and the temperature fields in the loop along the axial coordinate. On the other hand, the CFD tool, which is intended as a support to the 1D analysis, is characterised by a high computational burden, but allows highlighting interesting 3D spatial effects. The validation of these tools is not secondary with respect to that of the stability maps. Actually, the numerical approach is fundamental to study the time-dependent behaviour of both stable and unstable natural circulation regimes, for which the stability maps do not provide information. As for the achieved results, the developed models are able to catch the behaviour of the experimental data. In particular, this outcome is possible if an accurate modelling of both the heat-exchanger section and the piping thermal inertia is considered. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In two studies based on Stanley Milgram's original pilots, we present the first systematic examination of cyranoids as social psychological research tools. A cyranoid is created by cooperatively joining in real-time the body of one person with speech generated by another via covert speech shadowing. The resulting hybrid persona can subsequently interact with third parties face-to-face. We show that naive interlocutors perceive a cyranoid to be a unified, autonomously communicating person, evidence for a phenomenon Milgram termed the cyranic illusion. We also show that creating cyranoids composed of contrasting identities (a child speaking adult-generated words and vice versa) can be used to study how stereotyping and person perception are mediated by inner (dispositional) vs. outer (physical) identity. Our results establish the cyranoid method as a unique means of obtaining experimental control over inner and outer identities within social interactions rich in mundane realism.
Logitech made the following statement in 2009: Since the displacements of a mouse would not give any useful information to a hacker, the mouse reports are not encrypted. In this paper, we prove the exact opposite is true-i.e., it is indeed possible to leak sensitive information such as passwords through the displacements of a Bluetooth mouse. Our results can be easily extended to other wireless mice using different radio links. We begin by presenting multiple ways to sniff unencrypted Bluetooth packets containing raw mouse movement data. We then show that such data may reveal text-based passwords entered by clicking on software keyboards. We propose two attacks, the prediction attack and replay attack, which can reconstruct the on-screen cursor trajectories from sniffed mouse movement data. Two inference strategies are used to discover passwords from cursor trajectories. We conducted a holistic study over all popular operating systems and analyzed how mouse acceleration algorithms and packet losses may affect the reconstruction results. Our real-world experiments demonstrate the severity of privacy leakage from unencrypted Bluetooth mice. We also discuss countermeasures to prevent privacy leakage from wireless mice. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to demonstrate privacy leakage from raw mouse data.
Today, privacy is a key concept. It is also one which is rapidly evolving with technological advances, and there is no consensus on a single definition for it. In fact, the concept of privacy has been defined in many different ways, ranging from the right to be left alone to being a commodity that can be bought and sold. In the same time, powerful Ambient Intelligence (AmI) systems are being developed, that deploy context-aware, personalised, adaptive and anticipatory services. In such systems personal data is vastly collected, stored, and distributed, making privacy preservation a critical issue. The human-centred focus of AmI systems has prompted the introduction of new kinds of technologies, e.g. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET), and methodologies, e.g. Privacy by Design (PbD), whereby privacy concerns are included in the design of the system. One particular application field, where privacy preservation is of critical importance is Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). Emerging from the continuous increase of the ageing population, AAL focuses on intelligent systems of assistance for a better, healthier and safer life in their living environment. In this paper, we first build on our previous work, in which we introduced a new tripartite categorisation of privacy as a right, an enabler, and a commodity. Second, we highlight the specific privacy issues raised in AAL. Third, we review and discuss current approaches for privacy preservation. Finally, drawing on lessons learned from AAL, we provide insights on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Part of our methodology is a statistical analysis performed on the IEEE publications database. We illustrate our work with AAL scenarios elaborated in cooperation with the city of Luxembourg.
This paper introduces the architecture of an emotion-aware ambient intelligent and gerontechnological project named Improvement of the Elderly Quality of Life and Care through Smart Emotion Regulation. The objective of the proposal is to find solutions for improving the quality of life and care of the elderly who can or want to continue living at home by using emotion regulation techniques. A series of sensors is used for monitoring the elderlies' facial and gestural expression, activity and behaviour, as well as relevant physiological data. This way the older people's emotions are inferred and recognized. Music, colour and light are the stimulating means to regulate their emotions towards a positive and pleasant mood. Then, the paper proposes a gerontechnological software architecture that enables real-time, continuous monitoring of the elderly and provides the best-tailored reactions of the ambience in order to regulate the older person's emotions towards a positive mood. After describing the benefits of the approach for emotion recognition and regulation in the elderly, the eight levels that compose the architecture are described.
Multiphase drives are convenient for high power/high current applications as they allow the reduction of the phase current for given rated power and phase voltage. In addition, they possess inherent fault-tolerant capability due to their redundant structure. Therefore, the multiphase drives represent a promising solution for safety-critical applications, such electrical ship propulsion, railway traction, Hybrid/Electrical Vehicles (HEV/EV), wind power generation, More Electric Engine (MEE) and More Electric Aircraft (MEA) applications. Moreover, the additional degrees of freedom can be exploited for integrated battery chargers. Although the literature reports many machine design solutions and control techniques for multiphase drives, the penetration of the multiphase solutions in transportation electrification and energy production is still too limited. For this reason, the paper contains a brief overview of the multiphase solutions for transportation electrification and energy production. In addition, the paper includes a generic modeling approach of multi-three-phase machines that can be used when the multiphase drive is treated as modular independent three-phase units. Experimental results are provided for a reduced scale prototype of a twelve-phase multiphase induction motor drive using a control scheme based on the multi-three phase approach.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between major personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war. Design/methodology/approach - Three samples - two consisting of British psychology students (n = 64 and 121) and one of Israeli students (n = 80), responded to measures of some or all of: five-factor inventory, SYMLOG trait form, general survey including authoritarianism; attitudes towards peace and war; specific attitudes towards peace and war policy. Findings - The general attitude measures were associated with the specific attitudes. Both were associated with authoritarianism but not consistently with other personality dimensions. Research limitations/implications - Descriptive findings might not generalize and need contextualization. Authoritarianism should be measured in any studies of attitudes related to peace, war, conflict, and structural violence. Practical implications - Practitioners of peace education may first need to address high authoritarianism and low integrative complexity. Also, countering structural violence related, for instance, to poverty or prejudice/discrimination may require a comprehensive approach including collaborative work with clinical psychologists applying both implicit and explicit assessment tools. Originality/value - Documenting links (and lack of them) among personality variables and attitudes towards peace and war has practical and theoretical value - and may contribute to organizational schemes shaped by personality structure and bearing implications for negotiations. In terms of a paradigm by Morton Deutsch, our results show individual differences in, and associations among, variables relating to the remediable likelihood of parties being differentially likely to find themselves in negatively vs. positively interdependent situations; and carrying out effective instead of bungling actions.
Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon which usually occurs in rivers and in correspondence with hydraulic structures. It is characterized by a rapid transition from a super- to sub-critical flow conditions, involving a huge energy dissipation. For its characteristics and its relevance in hydraulics, it has been studied since the early years of the last century. Nevertheless, many features still require a further investigation, e.g., scale effects, air entrainment process, effect of bed roughness on conjugate depths, etc. In particular, in the last few decades, the analysis of the main geometric parameters has been further developed. Nevertheless, no studies dealing with D-jump occurring on a rough sloping channel are present in literature. Therefore, the present paper reports the results of experimental investigations, which allowed to develop a semi-theoretical approach in order to evaluate the D-jump conjugate depth in a wide range of channel bed geometric and boundary configurations. (C) 2016 International Association for Hydro-environment Engineering and Research, Asia Pacific Division. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Understanding continuous human actions is a non-trivial but important problem in computer vision. Although there exists a large corpus of work in the recognition of action sequences, most approaches suffer from problems relating to vast variations in motions, action combinations, and scene contexts. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for semantic segmentation and recognition of long and complex manipulation action tasks, such as preparing a breakfast or making a sandwich. We represent manipulations with our recently introduced Semantic Event Chain (SEC) concept, which captures the underlying spatiotemporal structure of an action invariant to motion, velocity, and scene context. Solely based on the spatiotemporal interactions between manipulated objects and hands in the extracted SEC, the framework automatically parses individual manipulation streams performed either sequentially or concurrently. Using event chains, our method further extracts basic primitive elements of each parsed manipulation. Without requiring any prior object knowledge, the proposed framework can also extract object-like scene entities that exhibit the same role in semantically similar manipulations. We conduct extensive experiments on various recent datasets to validate the robustness of the framework.
In personality research, the term blind spot (Luft 82 Ingham, 1955) denotes personality characteristics that people are not aware of, but that are consensually attributed to them by others. Our investigation revealed evidence for (a) a normative blind-spot (i.e., characterizing the average target) and (b) distinctive blind-spots (i.e., characterizing specific targets). The latter finding implies that the average person is not aware of some of the ways in which he or she is uniquely, but consensually, perceived by other people. The respective effect size is substantial, as compared with other effects in the field of person perception (e.g., consensus). Future research should investigate how people may benefit from the knowledge that others - and only others - have about them. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Work on standardising methods in the field of animal species differentiation has been intensified in Germany in recent years, not least due to the horsemeat scandal in 2013. Even though there are now hardly ever any positive findings any more in examinations to detect horse elements in foods such as lasagne, animal species differentiation altogether ranks high in detecting adulteration of foods. This article therefore summarises the current status of analysis techniques in Germany with a focus on standardisation. It has been established by the working group Biochemical and Molecular Biological Analytics of the Lebensmittelchemische Gesellschaft (Food Chemistry Society within the German Chemical Society) with support of experts in the working group Molecular biology techniques for differentiating plant and animal species [ 64 of the German Food and Feed Code - LFGBI and the Immunology and molecular biology task force of the Food hygiene and food of animal origin working group (ALTS), both from Germany.
The project Managing water scarcity: intelligent tools and cooperative strategies, funded by the European Commission, has aimed at pointing out the potential for increasing water use efficiency in the Yongding River Basin, a sub basin of the Hai River Basin in North East China. It has been implemented over the last 4 years in collaboration with the following partners from China: Foreign Economic Cooperation Office of the Ministry of Environment, Development Research Centre of the Ministry of Water Resources, Tsinghua University and the Tianjin Environmental Protection and Technology Development Centre. this paper presents the main results of this project: the project has studied structural and non structural measures for increasing water use efficiency in 3 sectors (Agriculture, industry and domestic use); Agricultural water use: the project studied the potential and limitations of micro irrigation technologies in the Yongding River Basin, based on case study evaluations. Industrial water use: the project studied the potential for increasing water use efficiency in the most relevant industries in the Yongding River Basin: textile, chemical and power industry. For each industry 1 2 factories were selected and strategies to improve water use efficiency elaborated. Domestic water use: domestic water use is comprised of showers, toilets, washing machines and other uses. In Beijing, the largest water users are showers (34%), followed by toilets (26%) and washing machines (22%). Water saving types are available for each of those and the potential and constraints for mainstreaming the most water saving types have been investigated based on user surveys. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) RWH is considered to have a large potential for the Yongding River Basin, but it has only been applied to a very limited extent. Those studies have shown that water use efficiency can be considerably increased in the Yongding River Basin through implementing water saving technologies in each of the studied sectors. To facilitate their implementation non structural measures such as policy instruments can substantially help. Experiences with such policy instruments have been surveyed and improved policy instruments suggested. Then, those policy instruments have been discussed with various stakeholders in the Yongding River Basin and based on the feedback policy recommendations were elaborated.
Compositionality is a property of natural language which is of prime importance: It enables humans to form and conceptualize potentially novel and complex ideas, by combining words. On the other hand, the symbol grounding problem examines the way meaning is anchored to entities external to language, such as sensory percepts and sensory-motor routines. In this paper we aim towards the exploration of the intersection of compositionality and symbol grounding. We thus propose a methodology for constructing empirically derived models of grounded meaning, which afford composition of grounded semantics. We illustrate our methodology for the case of adjectival modifiers. Grounded models of adjectively modified and unmodified colors are acquired through a specially designed procedure with 134 participants, and then computational models of the modifiers dark and light are derived. The generalization ability of these learnt models is quantitatively evaluated, and their usage is demonstrated in a real-world physical humanoid robot. We regard this as an important step towards extending empirical approaches for symbol grounding so that they can accommodate compositionality: a necessary step towards the deep understanding of natural language for situated embodied agents, such as sensor-enabled ambient intelligence and interactive robots.
This article deals with research of Russian university student attitudes toward drug use. Research was conducted in 2015; and, 150 students from Smolensk universities took part. The sample consists of three age groups of students: 17-18, 19, and 20 years and older. Study results show students view people with addiction in a negative context - weak, stupid, unreliable, and unhappy. Also, attitudes reflect support for extreme punishment of drug traffickers for drug distribution blaming Roma Gypsies. Age of the student respondents was a significant factor affecting attitudes - older students have a more negative attitude about people with addiction and are more inclined to call for harsh punishment. Study results provide usable information for drug policy, education and prevention efforts in Russia.
Background: Several countries or regions within countries have an effective national asthma strategy resulting in a reduction of the large burden of asthma to individuals and society. There has been no systematic appraisal of the extent of national asthma strategies in the world. Methods: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) undertook an email survey of 276 Principal Investigators of GAN centres in 120 countries, in 2013-2014. One of the questions was: Has a national asthma strategy been developed in your country for the next five years? For children? For adults?. Results: Investigators in 112 (93.3%) countries answered this question. Of these, 26 (23.2%) reported having a national asthma strategy for children and 24 (21.4%) for adults; 22 (19.6%) countries had a strategy for both children and adults; 28 (25%) had a strategy for at least one age group. In countries with a high prevalence of current wheeze, strategies were significantly more common than in low prevalence countries (11/13 (85%) and 7/31 (22.6%) respectively, p < 0.001). Interpretation: In 25% countries a national asthma strategy was reported. A large reduction in the global burden of asthma could be potentially achieved if more countries had an effective asthma strategy. (C) 2017 SEICAP. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Following the concept of ubiquity further on, Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is focused on technologies and approaches for development of intelligent environments aiming at supporting their users. Architectures of these environments are usually modeled by multi-agent systems, facilitating thus investigation of various processes enabling the environments' functionalities. In this scope, it is challenging to study decision processes used by individual components (agents) of the environment in mutual cooperation for creating decisions about ways how and when to support particular users activities adequately. A recent project DE-PIES Decision Processes in Intelligent Environments, supported by the Czech Scientific Foundation in the period of 2015 to 2017, is oriented on investigation of various decision processes that could appear in various types of intelligent environments, modeled by adequate multi-agent architectures. This paper aims at presenting information about the project goals, its methodology and approaches used as well as intended to be used in near future. A special part of the paper is devoted to possibilities of modeling and simulation of decision processes using the AnyLogic multimethod simulation tool.