87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Objective: Boredom has been defined as the aversive experience of wanting, but being unable to engage in satisfying activity. It is associated with a number of psychosocial and psychopathological problems. The aim of this paper is to test the validity of the Italian version of the Multidimendional State Boredom Scale (MSBS). The results of this investigation indicate that the Italian MSBS has factor structure that is similar to the original MSBS. Furthermore, there is evidence that the Italian MSBS has strong reliability. Method: In total, 690 undergraduate students participated in this research. Participants were 51.3% male, and 48.7% female, with a mean age of 24 years (SD = 4.92, range: 18-50 years). Two studies were conducted. In the first study, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine whether data from the Italian MSBS fit the original MSBS factor structure. In the second study, the association between the Italian version of the MSBS and several related measures was examined. These related measures are: The Boredom Proneness Scale; The Dissociative Experiences Scale-II; Beck Depression Inventory-II; Beck Anxiety Inventory; The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Short Version; The Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Activation System. Results: Study 1 found that the Italian translation of the MSBS, administered in an Italian-speaking sample, yielded the same factor structure as the original MSBS. Study 2 found that the Italian MSBS demonstrated construct validity in an Italian sample. Conclusions: The results of the present paper demonstrate that the Italian version of the MSBS is both valid and reliable. Study 1 found that the Italian MSBS has a similar factor structure to the original English MSBS, that the Italian MSBS's factors are significantly associated with one another, and that the Italian MSBS has good reliability. Study 2 demonstrated that the MSBS is valid, as it was related to a number of theoretically important constructs.
In mechanized forestry, much of the work is conducted by use of cranes, and recovering potential energy is a possible method to reduce energy consumption when using cranes for lift work. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a new Energy-efficient hydraulic lift cylinder (EHLC), which has a secondary cylinder built into its piston rod, to store potential energy from lowering the boom in the form of pressurized hydraulic oil in an accumulator and using the stored energy in the next boom lift. The EHLC was mounted on a forwarder, and manipulated to enable its use also as a standard cylinder. We then compared the EHLC and a standard cylinder in terms of function and energy consumption during repetitive boom lifts and lowerings. With the tested settings the EHLC saved up to approximately 9.4% of the energy consumed during the first part of boom lifts and up to 3.2% of the total lift energy. With possible further adjustments, such as optimization of the accumulator size, enlargement of the assisting cylinder diameter, and enhancement of the accumulator pressurization, but most importantly reduction in internal leakage, the current EHLC could have commercial potential.
This paper is a part of a multi-disciplinary research Application of Decentralized On-Site Water Treatment System in Egypt for Use in Agriculture and Producing Safe Fish and Animal Proteins. The project aimed to investigate the environmental impact of implementing sewage water before and after treatment using the effluent of the on-site decentralized Japanese' Johkasou system, in agriculture and producing fish protein. The aim is to establish such system in Egypt to strengthen the sanitary conditions of water resources. In the present study, the impact of the sewage pollution in some fish farms at El-Fayyum, Port Said and El-Dakahlia governorates in Egypt was carried out. Water and fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus) samples were collected from private fish farms of such localities. Bacteriological and chemical examination of water samples revealed the existence of coliforms and many other bacterial species of significant human health hazards. The chemical parameters of water showed a marked deviation from normal levels while examination of fish flesh specimens indicated contamination with Streptococcus Sp., Staphylococcus Sp., and Salmonella in all examined localities. Other bacterial isolates of human health importance (Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas cepacia and Enterococcos durans) were identified. The parasitological examination revealed the presence of encysted metacercariae (EMC); Diplostomatidae, Prohemistomatidae and Heterphyidae. Moreover, two protozoan parasites (Mxyoboulus tilapiae and Ichthyophthirius multifilis) were also recorded. The histopathological examination revealed mild tissue reaction in case of bacterial infection and severe pathological lesions in different organs in case of EMC infection. Lamellar hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltration in branchial tissue was common findings. In skeletal muscles, atrophy of muscle fibres, myolysis and myophagia were detected. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Attachment theory promoted an impressive body of research on the psychic developmental processes, resulting in studies on both typical and atypical development. Much of the diffusion of the attachment theory in the clinical field was related to the design of reliable instruments to evaluate the organization of attachment in infancy as well as in adulthood. Until recently, the lack of a suitable instrument to assess attachment in middle childhood as well as in adolescence hindered the expansion of research in these developmental phases during which the parent-child relationship takes on a different, albeit still crucial, role. The Child Attachment Interview (CAI), a measure that was recently designed to assess attachment at a representational level in middle childhood and adolescence, filled the measurement gap. The aim of the current review was to summarize previous empirical investigations concerning CAI in order to (a) provide an overview of the state of current research, (b) identify unanswered questions, and (c) propose future research directions. A narrative review was conducted to map the current research findings by searching for the term Child Attachment Interview in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases, followed by a search in Mendeley. Limits were set to exclude dissertations, chapters in books, and qualitative or theoretical papers, while empirical studies were included if they used the CAI and were published in English language, peer-reviewed journals by July, 2016. The review, which ultimately included 39 studies meeting the criteria, showed that the CAI is a reliable instrument to assess attachment organization in clinical and non-clinical samples, thus providing a worthwhile contribution to the investigation of the influence of the parent-child relationship beyond infancy and early childhood. Nevertheless, the review pointed out a number of relevant open issues, the most critical of which concerned the CAI coding and classification system. In particular, some relevant questions arose about (a) how opportune it would be to maintain a distinct classification for mother and father, (b) coding challenges regarding both the father and the Preoccupied and Disorganized classification, and finally (c) the advantage of a dimensional vs. a categorical approach.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental health disorders amongst school-aged children with an estimated prevalence of 5% in the global population (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Stimulants, particularly methylphenidate (MPH), are the first-line option in the treatment of ADHD (Reeves and Schweitzer, 2004; Dopheide and Pliszka, 2009) and are prescribed to an increasing number of children and adolescents in the US and the UK every year (Safer et al., 1996; McCarthy et al., 2009), though recent studies suggest that this is tailing off, e.g., Holden et al. (2013). Around 70% of children demonstrate a clinically significant treatment response to stimulant medication (Spencer et al., 1996; Schachter et al., 2001; Swanson et al., 2001; Barbaresi et al., 2006). However, it is unclear which patient characteristics may moderate treatment effectiveness. As such, most existing research has focused on investigating univariate or multivariate correlations between a set of patient characteristics and the treatment outcome, with respect to dosage of one or several types of medication. The results of such studies are often contradictory and inconclusive due to a combination of small sample sizes, low-quality data, or a lack of available information on covariates. In this paper, feature extraction techniques such as latent trait analysis were applied to reduce the dimension of on a large dataset of patient characteristics, including the responses to symptom-based questionnaires, developmental health factors, demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic factors such as parental income. We introduce a Bayesian modeling approach in a learning in the model space framework that combines existing knowledge in the literature on factors that may potentially affect treatment response, with constraints imposed by a treatment response model. The model is personalized such that the variability among subjects is accounted for by a set of subject-specific parameters. For remission classification, this approach compares favorably with conventional methods such as support vector machines and mixed effect models on a range of performance measures. For instance, the proposed approach achieved an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 82-84%, compared to 75-77% obtained from conventional regression or machine learning (learning in the data space) methods.
When the subject rotation between workstations (job rotation) is inside the organizations it's seemed that technically there are lots of restrictions to the development of an adequate system of rotation. We went from the need for an advanced ergonomic study and even possible restrictions of versatility and training of employees. The implementation of the ideal system of rotation passes through stages of development and research ergonomic study of the level of employee versatility, awareness and discussion with employees, implementation of the proposed system, feedback and audits for maintenance of the ideal sequence and time of rotation. For the success of the project there is a need for multidisciplinary involvement in the areas of manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, human resources, medical services and manufacturing. Rotation between the tasks may mean that a worker should conduct two or more different activities in different parts of the day (ie. change between activity A and activity B between 1 hours and 2 hours interval). An important consideration is to ensure that different activities do not present the same ergonomic risk for the same body part. The tracing of the execution of the activity is an important factor for production processes. Thus it is possible to conduct appropriate levels of training for employees and ensure safe and sustainable processes in terms of workers' health, productivity and quality.
In order to satisfy the requirements of productivity and quality, in recent years, LASER welding processes of certain grades of steels mainly thin sheets assemblies or tailored welded blanks (TWBs) have given many successful advantages in manufacturing engineering. This welding process of in particular makes it possible very easily to joint the steel parts in thickness and grade identical or different in many industrial applications (car industry, pipe lines, tubes, etc.). Additionally, interstitial free (IF) steels with very low C and N contents have been successfully developed in order to perform specific or complex deep drawing operations in the automotive industry. Major developments of TWB by means of LASER welding in this area have also occurred. Certain grades of IF steel are particularly suitable for deep drawing operations of TWB due to high r values (Lankford ratio) [Grumbach, M., Sanz, G., 1972. Ductile-brittle tests by impact tensile test (ITT). J. Metall. 2, 145-164; Bayraktar, E., Kaplan, D., Buirette, C., Grumbach, M., 2004. Application of impact tensile testing to the welded thin sheets. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 145 (1), 27-39; Bayraktar, E., Kaplan, D., Hugele, D., Jansen, J.P., 2004. Evaluation of pipe line LASER girth weld properties by Charpy and impact tensile tests. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 147 (11), 155-162; Bayraktar, E., Kaplan, D., Grumbach, M., 2004. Application of impact tensile testing to the spot welded sheets. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 153, 80-86]. However, because of the narrowness of the weld bead and important hardness gradient, determination of toughness (definition of a criterion of the ductile/brittle transition during the impact test) of the welded connection (weld bead and heat affected zone) confirm very delicate in LASER welding. The main objective of this paper was to make a comparative study for microstructural and mechanical-toughness characterisation of the steel assemblies, base metal or welded by LASER. For that a procedure of test specifically adapted was used for welded joints (t < 4mm). The first part of this study consider different steel grades such as a grade of the FE360BFN steel (t = 4 mm) and a grade of the interstitial free steel (IF-Ti, t = 0.8 mm) and HR60 (t = 2.5 mm) welded by LASER that largely used in the automotive industry. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
While much research on video games has focused on aggressive outcomes, the extant research has not come to consensus on the role of other factors, notably enjoyment, frustration and individual differences amongst players, in mediating the link between violent game play and aggression. This experimental design uses a mental models approach to examine game features (e.g., controller naturalness), player characteristics (e.g., first person shooter experience, sex, degree of competitiveness) and the game play experience (e.g., perceived game realism, immersion, game failure, frustration and enjoyment) to explain aggressive outcomes. Results from a revised path model suggest perceived realism, immersion, and experience with other first person shooters all positively predicted enjoyment while frustration negatively predicted game enjoyment. Frustration and enjoyment both predicted state aggression. The findings of this study support the application of mental models as a theoretical approach to unify thinking about violent games, contextual features of violent games, individual difference variables and differences in player perceptions and game experiences with regards to outcome aggression. Results are discussed in terms of the model matching hypothesis and implications for the comprehensive study of violent game play, including the importance of enjoyment and frustration, are also discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Laboratory automation and robotics have industrialized the execution and completion of large-scale, enabling high-capacity and high-throughput (100 K-1 MM/day) screening (HTS) campaigns of large libraries of compounds (>200 K-2 MM) to complete in a few days or weeks. Critical to the success these HTS campaigns is the ability of a competent assay development team to convert a validated research-grade laboratory benchtop assay suitable for manual or semi-automated operations on a few hundreds of compounds into a robust miniaturized (384- or 1,536-well format), well-engineered, scalable, industrialized assay that can be seamlessly implemented on a fully automated, fully integrated robotic screening platform for cost-effective screening of hundreds of thousands of compounds. Here, we provide a review of the theoretical guiding principles and practical considerations necessary to reduce often complex research biology into a lean manufacturing engineering endeavor comprising adaption, automation, and implementation of HTS. Furthermore we provide a detailed example specifically for a cell-free in vitro biochemical, enzymatic phosphatase assay for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase that illustrates these principles and considerations.
Nitrate water pollution, which is mainly causedby agricultural activities, remains an international problem. It can cause serious long-term environmental and human health issues due to nitrate time-lag in the groundwater system. However, the nitrate subsurface legacy issue has rarely been considered in environmental water management. We have developed a simple catchment-scale approach to investigate the impact of historical nitrate loading from agricultural land on the nitrate-concentrationtrends in sandstones, which represent major aquifers in the Eden Valley, UK The model developed considers the spatio-temporal nitrate loading, low permeability superficial deposits, dual-porosity unsaturated zones, and nitrate dilution in aquifers. Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken to analyse parameter sensitivity and calibrate the model using observed datasets. Time series of annual average nitrate concentrations from 1925 to 2150 were generated for four aquifer zones in the study area. The results show that the nitrate concentrations in 'St Bees Sandstones', 'silicified Penrith Sandstones', and 'non-silicified Penrith Sandstones' keep rising or stay high before declining to stable levels, whilst that in 'inter-bedded Brockram Penrith Sandstones' will level off after a slight decrease. This study can help policymakers better understand local nitrate-legacy issues. It also provides a framework for informing the long-term impact and timescale of different scenarios introduced to deliver water-quality compliance. This model requires relatively modest parameterisation and is readily transferable to other areas. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Fundamental ethical issues regarding ambient intelligence concern the conditions of an ethical discourse, the identity of the acting individual, the awareness of the sphere in which the individual should act, and finally the individual's choice, which is necessary for his or her responsibility. Augmented reality exacerbates the problem of the loss of resistance and horizon which characterize what the German term Wirklichkeit means. Only the hyletic, social, or ideal resistance against our will to shape the world and the horizon of connected systems guarantees Wirklichkeit, but not the real, concrete given thing, because there is always a possibility of misjudging it in perception. We are confronted with a loss of the horizon, in which we have to act. The old paradigm of an embedded technology is coming to a critical point now, if smart systems shape the world for us without a possibility to control and guide this shaping. Autonomous systems have a capacity to incapacitate the user.
In repeated games, it is hard to distinguish true prosocial behavior from strategic behavior. In particular, a player does not know whether a reciprocal action is intrinsically or strategically motivated. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the relationship between intrinsic and strategic reciprocity by running a two-period repeated trust game. In the strategic treatment the subjects know that they will meet twice, while in the non-strategic treatment they do not know and hence the second period comes as a surprise. We find that subjects anticipate strategic reciprocity, and that intrinsic reciprocity is rewarded. In fact, the total level of cooperation, in which trust is reciprocated, is higher in the non-strategic treatment. This indicates that strategic reciprocity crowds out intrinsic reciprocity: If one takes the repeated game incentives out of the repeated game, one sees more cooperation and higher social surplus. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stakeholder engagement is a vital sustainable remediation practice for obtaining useful feedback and identifying societal needs. Evaluating and integrating risk perception of stakeholders into remediation and outreach efforts allows for greater insight, increases the likelihood of success and ultimately, benefits the community by protecting its members from environmental hazards. In this study, we identified risk perception factors that influenced residents' level of concern for mitigating their exposure to elevated concentrations of lead in household paint and historic fill material. Risk perception factors were assessed by an in-person survey conducted in public green spaces. The analysis of survey participants' responses indicated that their perception of risk to exposed lead was mostly influenced by the presence of hazardous materials in close proximity to their residence, the ability to address pollution, and awareness, interest, and individual accountability in mitigating environmental risks. Responses also revealed that residents considered risk of lead and soil pollution as less menacing than the presence of more immediate and perceptible risks posed by factors such as air and water pollution. In addition, the community seemed to exhibit optimism bias and did not identify itself at high risk to susceptible and immediate hazards, including lead exposure. This lack of concern over lead exposure created a significant obstacle to community participation in state-led education and outreach programs. By integrating risk perception analysis and increasing stakeholder engagement, we can bring more attention to this issue, educate the public about the threat of lead pollution, and efficiently use financial resources to implement a more sustainable solution. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The word Open Source is everywhere with Linux Technology and GNU foundation. In addition to open source software's and operating systems, Open Source Hardware is also progressing and becoming center point of attraction for researchers across the nook and corner of the world. The most widely adopted Open Source hardware available right now is Arduino. Arduino has various products like hoards, Lilypad's and shields. The aim of this research paper is to explore the world of Arduino technology in terms of Boards, Lilypad's and Shields covering in depth regarding-Technical Specifications, features and real-world applications. Arduino technology has enabled various manufactures and research enthusiasts to come out with their own customized boards and shields as per their research requirements and area of implementations. Arduino Open Source community is also providing platform for researchers to come up with innovative research applications and market ready products in terms of Home Automation, Robotics, Wireless Connectivity, Drones and many others.
This study examined mostly lower-middle-income Latino (37%) and African American (33%) adolescents'(N = 90, M-age = 15.90) conceptions of how U. S. wealth is and ought to be distributed, and whether these judgments are related to adolescents'views about societal and legal fairness and their immediate academic plans. Individually administered multipart interviews assessed conceptions regarding (a) actual and ideal U. S. wealth distribution and related Rawlsianjudgments, (b) social system and legal fairness, and (c) adolescents'near-term life goals. Overall, adolescents underestimated actual levels of U. S. wealth inequality while also preferring a more egalitarian distribution than was believed to exist. Adolescents'wealth-related reasoning was mostly unrelated to other societal or personal judgments, whereas societal and legal fairness judgments were related to personal academic plans. Although adolescents had generally negative views of societal and legal fairness, having more positive fairness conceptions was related to a greater emphasis on academic plans. Compared with their younger peers, older adolescents preferred somewhat more wealth inequality for motivational and economic reasons and preferred living in a society with some inequality.