87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate barriers to pro-social behaviour in the form of blood donating using self-determination theory. Design/methodology/approach - Respondents were recruited through intercepts at a major international university and at points within the community in a capital city in Australia. Sampling was conducted over a three-week period resulting in a sample of 617 respondents. Findings - Results show intrinsic motivations positively influence intentions towards blood donation, self- identity, and locus of control. Further, despite positively influencing other factors, external regulation positively influenced amotivation indicating the more likely people feel pressured to donate blood, the less likely they will be motivated to donate blood. Originality/value - This would suggest one way to influence more people to become donors is to place greater focus on the positive emotional feelings they derive from the act of donating blood and the control they have over that donation. Using external regulation strategy which often suggests people must or have-to donate blood may be limiting blood donation numbers.
Recombined fingerprints have been suggested as a convenient approach to improve the efficiency of anonymous fingerprinting for the legal distribution of copyrighted multimedia contents in P2P systems. The recombination idea is inspired by the principles of mating, recombination and heredity of the DNA sequences of living beings, but applied to binary sequences, like in genetic algorithms. However, the existing recombination-based fingerprinting systems do not provide a convenient solution for collusion resistance, since they require double-layer fingerprinting codes, making the practical implementation of such systems a challenging task. In fact, collusion resistance is regarded as the most relevant requirement of a fingerprinting scheme, and the lack of any acceptable solution to this problem would possibly deter content merchants from deploying, any practical implementation of the recombination approach. In this paper, this drawback is overcome by introducing two non-trivial improvements, paving the way for a future real-life application of recombination-based systems. First, Nuida et al.'s collusion-resistant codes are used in segment-wise fashion for the first time. Second, a novel version of the traitor-tracing algorithm is proposed in the encrypted domain, also for the first time, making it possible to provide the buyers with security against framing. In addition, the proposed method avoids the use of public-key cryptography for the multimedia content and expensive cryptographic protocols, leading to excellent performance in terms of both computational and communication burdens. In fact, after bootstrapping, the merchant is no longer required to participate in any file transfer, reducing the investment in equipment required for content distribution to the bare minimum. The paper also analyzes the security and privacy properties of the proposed system both formally and informally, whereas the collusion resistance and the performance of the method are shown by means of experiments and simulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Across six studies, people used a bad is black heuristic in social judgment and assumed that immoral acts were committed by people with darker skin tones, regardless of the racial background of those immoral actors. In archival studies of news articles written about Black and White celebrities in popular culture magazines (Study 1a) and American politicians (Study 1b), the more critical rather than complimentary the stories, the darker the skin tone of the photographs printed with the article. In the remaining four studies, participants associated immoral acts with darker skinned people when examining surveillance footage (Studies 2 and 4), and when matching headshots to good and bad actions (Studies 3 and 5). We additionally found that both race-based (Studies 2, 3, and 5) and shade-based (Studies 4 and 5) associations between badness and darkness determine whether people demonstrate the bad is black effect. We discuss implications for social perception and eyewitness identification.
Underwater exploration has become an active research area over the past few decades. The image enhancement is one of the challenges for those computer vision based underwater researches because of the degradation of the images in the underwater environment. The scattering and absorption are the main causes in the underwater environment to make the images decrease their visibility, for example, blurry, low contrast, and reducing visual ranges. To tackle aforementioned problems, this paper presents a novel method for underwater image enhancement inspired by the Retinex framework, which simulates the human visual system. The term Retinex is created by the combinations of Retina and Cortex. The proposed method, namely LAB-MSR, is achieved by modifying the original Retinex algorithm. It utilizes the combination of the bilateral filter and trilateral filter on the three channels of the image in CIELAB color space according to the characteristics of each channel. With real world data, experiments are carried out to demonstrate both the degradation characteristics of the underwater images in different turbidities, and the competitive performance of the proposed method. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Based on ethnographic and archival research conducted on North American Judaism and Messianic Judaism, this article argues that each group uses DNA in what appear to be sociologically similar ways but that actually differ profoundly at the theological level. Our analysis moves beyond DNA testing per se to focus on what anthropologist Kim Tallbear calls gene talk, referring to the idea that essential truths about identity inhere in sequences of DNA. Contrasting Jews and Messianic Jews, we demonstrate clearly what scholars have only begun to recognize: how theological commitments may drive investments in genetic science and interpretations of it. Further, we show how religiously significant identities associated with race, ethnicity, or lineage interact with DNA science, coming to be viewed as inalienable qualities that reside in the self but move beyond phenotype alone. Finally, we argue that gene talk in these contexts is a religiously inflected practice, which serves to binds communities and (implicitly or explicitly) authorize existing theological ideals.
Background: Nursing education is a process aimed both at theoretical knowledge and skill development. The Fundamentals of Nursing is a course that furnishes students with professional knowledge, concepts and technical skills, and, also, is the keystone of nursing education in our country. Students experience a great deal of anxiety as they face basic nursing practices for the first time. Studies have revealed the effectiveness of music in relieving anxiety in many patient groups. However, no previous studies were found where music was used with the intent to lower the anxiety that students experience over the course of skill learning. The experimental study is aimed at determining the effect of music in decreasing anxiety during the first nursing practices of students in a laboratory setting. Methods: The experimental study was conducted on nursing students of Akdeniz University attending Fundamentals of Nursing, a freshman course, during the 2013-2014 academic year. A total of 73 students, of which 34 were assigned to the experimental group and 39 to the control group, participated in the study. Data collection was carried out using (a) the student identification form prepared by the authors, (b) skill control lists and (c) the Situational Anxiety Scale. The students in the experimental group listened to music during blood draw skill practice in a laboratory environment. The students were assessed with respect to their performance of blood drawing through skill control lists using the statements True, False and Forgotten. The anxiety levels and vital signs of students were assessed before and after the practice. Results: The mean age of the students was 19.08. 64.7% of the experimental group and 82.1% of the control group were female. The age group of 64.7% of the students in the experimental group was female. The age group of 82.1% of the students in the control group was female. After music listening, the mean anxiety score of the students was 38.70 +/- 3.83 in the experimental group and 39.76 +/- 4.72 in the control group. The difference between the mean anxiety scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The evaluation made before and after the blood draw revealed a statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure values in the experimental group that listened to music(p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that listening to music decreased the anxiety levels of nursing students during their first blood draw experience. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The elucidation of the metabolism of new therapeutics is a major task for pharmaceutical companies and of great interest for drug testing Laboratories. The tatter in particular need to determine the presence or absence of drugs or their metabolic products in urine to test for a misuse of these compounds. Commonly, in vitro or animal models are used to mimic the human metabolism and produce potential targets in amounts allowing for method development. An alternative route based on electrochemical reactions of drugs was reported to allow for the generation of selected metabolites. The utility of this approach for doping control purposes was demonstrated with a novel class of anabolic agents termed selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). An arylpropionamide-derived drug candidate was subjected to etectrochemical metabolism and a major phase-I-metabolite, resulting from the elimination of a substituted phenol residue as identified in in vitro experiments, was generated and characterised using liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry. The metabolite was included in routine doping control procedures based on Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and has served as a reference compound for 5000 doping control specimens.
Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of disease manifestations is important to understand pathologies and symptom development in plant science. Bacteria have evolved different strategies to manipulate their host metabolism for their own benefit. This bacterial manipulation is often coupled with severe symptom development or the death of the affected plants. Determining the specific bacterial molecules responsible for the host manipulation has become an important field in microbiological research. After the identification of these bacterial molecules, called effectors, it is important to elucidate their function. A straightforward approach to determine the function of an effector is to identify its proteinaceous binding partner in its natural host via a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen. Normally the host harbors numerous potential binding partners that cannot be predicted sufficiently by any in silico algorithm. It is thus the best choice to perform a screen with the hypothetical effector against a whole library of expressed host proteins. It is especially challenging if the causative agent is uncultivable like phytoplasma. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for DNA purification from a phytoplasma-infected woody host plant, the amplification of the potential effector, and the subsequent identification of the plant's molecular interaction partner with a Y2H screen. Even though Y2H screens are commonly used, there is a trend to outsource this technique to biotech companies that offer the Y2H service at a cost. This protocol provides instructions on how to perform a Y2H in any decently equipped molecular biology laboratory using standard lab techniques.
Countries are implementing policies to develop greener energy markets worldwide. In Europe, the 2030 Energy and Climate Package asks for further reductions of green house gases, renewable sources integration, and energy efficiency targets. But the polluting intensity of electricity may be different in average than when considering market inefficiencies, in particular losses, and therefore the implemented policy must take those differences into account. Precisely, herein we study the importance in terms of CO2 emissions the extra amount of energy necessary to cover losses. With this purpose we use Spanish market and system data with hourly frequency from 2011 to 2013. Our results show that indeed electricity losses significantly explain CO2 emissions, with a higher CO2 emissions rate when covering losses than the average rate of the system. Additionally, we find that the market closing technologies used to cover losses have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions: when polluting technologies (coal or combined cycle) close the market, the impact of losses on CO2 emissions is high compared to the rest of technologies (combined heat and power, renewables or hydropower). To the light of these results we make some policy recommendations to reduce the impact of losses on CO2 emissions.
India is rich in genetic diversity of major pulse crops, but the productivity and the production of pulse crops remains low compared to the world and hence, there is a need to enhance the utilization for increasing the production. Major pulse species for which genetic diversity is occurring in India include Vigna, Cajanus, Cicer, Pisum, Lens, Phaseolus and few minor pulses such as Macrotyloma, Canavalia, Lathyrus, Vicia, Mucuna, Moghania and Rhynchosia etc. National Bureau of PInt Genetic Resources (NBPGR) is the nodal institute for the management of plant genetic resources in India. It has assembled-70,000 accessions of different pulse crops majoring Cajanus cajan, Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna umbellata, Vigna unguiculata, Viceasp. and Lens sp. through collection and introduction from India and from >70 other countries of the world. Several pests of quarantine significance have been identified and salvaged from the exotic germplasm. The ex situ base collection at NBPGR conserve 64,744 accessions of 20 genera and 61 species of pulses. This germplasm has been characterized for agro-morphological, quality and biochemical traits, biotic and abiotic stresses for identifying trait-specific reference sets and 28 catalogues describing about 45,000 accessions of 14 pulse crops. A total of 121 accessions of various pulse crops have been registered as unique/potential donors. Core and mini cores have been developed in chickpea, pigeonpea, common bean, mungbean, adzuki bean, cowpea, lentil, moth bean and pea both nationally and internationally. Wild species of pulse crops have been utilized for transferring desirable traits into cultivated species. Application of modern tools and technologies of molecular biology will accelrate the process of gene transfer for improvement of pulse crops.
Encounters across difference-in city spaces marked by diverse migration trajectories, cultural differences, and racialized hierarchies-have captured the attention of urban scholars concerned with both the challenge of living with difference and the promise of multicultural conviviality that inhere in the super-diversity of many cities. Expanding on approaches that focus on analyzing the conditions of a good or meaningful encounter that can reduce prejudice or promote intercultural understanding, this paper brings interviews with queer Asian men in Sydney, Australia into dialogue with Sara Ahmed's revaluation of the bad encounter. It shows how research on encounters can more productively engage with how negative encounters can become meaningful political occasions in their own right. Focusing on the problem of sexual racism as it emerges in accounts shared by participants, the paper highlights dating and sex as important moments through which the aesthetic orderings of race, gender, and sexuality shape the unevenly shared spaces of citizenship and urban life.
In this review we argue in favour of further integration between the disciplines of positive and clinical psychology. We argue that most of the constructs studied by both positive and clinical psychology exist on continua ranging from positive to negative (e.g., gratitude to ingratitude, anxiety to calmness) and so it is meaningless to speak of one or other field studying the positive or the negative. However, we highlight historical and cultural factors which have led positive and clinical psychologies to focus on different constructs; thus the difference between the fields is more due to the constructs of study rather than their being inherently positive or negative. We argue that there is much benefit to clinical psychology of considering positive psychology constructs because; (a) constructs studied by positive psychology researchers can independently predict wellbeing when accounting for traditional clinical factors, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, (2) the constructs studied by positive psychologists can interact with risk factors to predict outcomes, thereby conferring resilience, (3) interventions that aim to increase movement towards the positive pole of well-being can be used encourage movement away from the negative pole, either in isolation or alongside traditional clinical interventions, and (4) research from positive psychology can support clinical psychology as it seeks to adapt therapies developed in Western nations to other cultures.
Since the discovery of the formation of DNA-based extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils as an innate immune defense mechanism (1), hundreds of articles describe the involvement of ETs in physiological and pathological human and animal conditions [ reviewed in Ref. (2), and the previous Frontiers Research Topic on NETosis: http://www.frontiersin.org/books/NETosis_At_the_Intersection_of_Cell_Biology_Microbiology_and_Immunology/195]. Interestingly, a few reports reveal that ETs can be formed by immune cells of more ancient organisms, as far back as the common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates (3). Recently, we reported that the Sentinel cells of the multicellular slug of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum also produce ETs to trap and kill slug-invading bacteria [ see Box 1; and Figure 1 Ref. (4)]. This is a strong evidence that DNA-based cell-intrinsic defense mechanisms emerged much earlier than thought, about 1.3 billion years ago. Amazingly, using extrusion of DNA as a weapon to capture and kill uningestable microbes has its rationale. During the emergence of multicellularity, a primitive innate immune system developed in the form of a dedicated set of specialized phagocytic cells. This professionalization of immunity allowed the evolution of sophisticated defense mechanisms including the sacrifice of a small set of cells by a mechanism related to NETosis. This altruistic behavior likely emerged in steps, starting from the release of dispensable mitochondrial DNA by D. discoideum Sentinel cells. Grounded in this realization, one can anticipate that in the near future, many more examples of the invention and fine-tuning of ETs by early metazoan ancestors will be identified. Consequently, it can be expected that this more complete picture of the evolution of ETs will impact our views of the involvement and pathologies linked to ETs in human and animals.
There is evidence that being imitated has social effects, and that the imitation of the child's actions may be used as a strategy to promote social engagement in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The observation of someone that imitates us recruits, indeed, neural areas involved in social cognition. We reviewed studies exploring the behavioral consequences of being imitated in children with ASD. We aimed at assessing what are the social skills targeted by this strategy, and the factors that may improve the response. The being imitated strategy improves social gazes, proximal social behaviors, and play skills, particularly in children with low developmental level, and also when the strategy is implemented by children's mothers. The being imitated may be used as a tool in early intervention to improve social skills, helping to assess the effects of intervention at both behavioral and neural level.
A number of computer vision problems such as facial age estimation, crowd counting and pose estimation can be solved by learning regression mapping on low-level imagery features. We show that visual regression can be substantially improved by two-stage regression where imagery features are first mapped to an attribute space which explicitly models latent correlations across continuously-changing output. We propose an approach to automatically discover spectral attributes which avoids manual work required for defining hand-crafted attribute representations. Visual attribute regression outperforms direct visual regression and our spectral attribute visual regression achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in multiple applications.
Maria Montessori is one of the most well-known women in Italian history. Although she was the first woman who graduated in medicine in Italy, she is mostly known as an educator. Her teaching method -the Montessori Method- is still used worldwide. Because she could not speak English during the imprisonment in India, there was a big obstacle for her communication with children. However, the need to adopt a non-verbal communication, led her to a sensational discovery: children use an innate and universal language. This language, made of gestures and mimic, is called extra verbal communication.
Autism, known as a spectrum disorder (ASD) is seen in early childhood or by three years of age. ASD is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social responsiveness, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of e-learning technology to the area of training the caregivers of autistic children. Our search focused on a number of data banks that contain numerous references to autism and home based treatment. Our results found only ten papers published since 2010 that met our criteria for inclusion. Six were demonstrations of e learning to teach caregivers and professionals the basics of applied behavior analysis and some techniques for skill training. The remainder of the studies fell into the telehealth category which involved direct communication between a professional and caregiver in the home. The studies suggest that home based service delivery is effective and offers both the social service system and parents considerable financial savings. The use of Web based platform (e learning and telehealth) is depicted as an aid to caregivers of autistic children. The need for more studies of the variables related to home based service delivery is noted.
Biological data science is an emerging field facing multiple challenges for hosting, sharing, computing on, and interacting with large data sets. Privacy regulations and concerns about the risks of leaking sensitive personal health and genomic data add another layer of complexity to the problem. Recent advances in cryptography over the last five years have yielded a tool, homomorphic encryption, which can be used to encrypt data in such a way that storage can be outsourced to an untrusted cloud, and the data can be computed on in a meaningful way in encrypted form, without access to decryption keys. This paper introduces homomorphic encryption to the bioinformatics community, and presents an informal manual for using the Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library ( SEAL), which we have made publicly available for bioinformatic, genomic, and other research purposes.