87value/wos11967 huggingface dataset:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to address the relationship between a leader's use of nonverbal immediacy (specific hand gestures) and followers' attraction to the leader. This study provides initial evidence that certain hand gestures are more effective than others at creating immediacy between leaders and followers. Design/methodology/approach - In an experimental study, participants (male = 89; female = 121) were shown one of three videos of an actor, as leader, using three positive hand gestures, three defensive hand gestures, and no hand gestures, which have not been previously operationalized (and were grouped arbitrarily by the experimenter). Three hypotheses were tested using a 3 x 2 ANOVA (by group and gender) for main and interactional effects. Findings - The independent variable, positive hand gestures (M = 2.4), was perceived by participants as more immediate than the other two independent variables, defensive hand gestures (M = -19.2) or no hand gestures (M = -21.6). Analysis of data indicate that participants perceived leaders with no hand gestures and defensive hand gestures to be distant or non-immediate and the leader with positive hand gestures to be more immediate or attractive. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited as a pilot study establishing differences between specific hand gestures for the first time. Practical implications - The research provides initial evidence that the hand gestures arbitrarily defined as positive create more immediacy between the followers and the leader than usage of negative gestures and no gestures. Social implications - The current research can act as a motivator for leaders to fast forward relationships with followers through the use of specific hand gestures. Originality/value - The results suggest the possibility that some hand gestures are more effective than others.
Organization members who engage in moral objection by taking a principled stand against ethically questionable activities help to prevent such activities from persisting. Unfortunately, research suggests that they also may be perceived as less warm (i.e., pleasant, nice) than members who comply with ethically questionable procedures. In this article, we draw on role theory to explore how legitimate power influences observers' responses to moral objection. We argue that individuals expect those high in legitimate power to engage in moral objection, but expect those low in legitimate power to comply with ethically questionable practices. We further propose that these contrasting role expectations influence the extent to which moral objectors are perceived as warm and subjected to social sanctions (i.e., insults, pressure, unfriendly behavior). We test our predictions with 3 experiments. Study 1, which draws on participants' prior workplace experiences, supports the first section of our mediated moderation model in which the negative association between an actor's moral objection (vs. compliance) and observers' warmth perceptions is weaker when the actor is high rather than low in legitimate power and this effect is mediated by observers' met role expectations. Study 2, an online experiment featuring a biased hiring task, reveals that the warmth perceptions fostered by the Behavior x Legitimate Power interaction influence observers' social sanctioning intentions. Finally, Study 3, a laboratory experiment which exposes participants to unethical behavior in a virtual team task, replicates Study 2's findings and extends the results to actual as well as intended social sanctions.
In violent video games, players engage in virtual aggressive behaviors. Exposure to virtual aggressive behavior induces short-term changes in players' behavior. In a previous study, a violence-related version of the racing game Carmageddon TDR2000 increased aggressive affects, cognitions, and behaviors compared to its non-violence-related version. This study investigates the differences in neural network activity during the playing of both versions of the video game. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recorded ongoing brain activity of 18 young men playing the violence-related and the non-violence-related version of the video game Carmageddon. Image time series were decomposed into functional connectivity (FC) patterns using independent component analysis (ICA) and template-matching yielded a mapping to established functional brain networks. The FC patterns revealed a decrease in connectivity within 6 brain networks during the violence-related compared to the non-violence-related condition: three sensory-motor networks, the reward network, the default mode network (DMN), and the right-lateralized frontoparietal network. Playing violent racing games may change functional brain connectivity, in particular and even after controlling for event frequency, in the reward network and the DMN. These changes may underlie the short-term increase of aggressive affects, cognitions, and behaviors as observed after playing violent video games. (C) 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
For decades, developing hematopoietic cells have been strictly compartmentalized into a small population of multipotent self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells that are undergoing commitment to myeloid or lymphoid fates, and unipotent precursor cells that mature towards peripheral blood and immune cells. Recent studies, however, have provided a battery of findings that cannot be explained by this classical hierarchical model for the architecture of hematopoiesis. It is emerging that heterogeneous hematopoietic stem cell populations in the bone marrow coexist, each with distinct, preprogrammed differentiation and proliferation behaviors. Three subsets can be distinguished among them: myeloid-biased (alpha), balanced (beta), and lymphoid-biased (gamma/delta) hematopoietic stem cells. The ratio of these hematopoietic stem cell subsets is developmentally regulated in the foetal liver and hematopoietic stem cells adult bone marrow, and coordinately gives rise to hematopoiesis. Beta- and gamma/delta-hematopoietic stem cells are found predominantly early in the life of an organism, whereas a-hematopoietic stem cells accumulate in aged mice and humans. In addition, new sophisticated genetic experiments in mice have identified a major role of long-lived, committed progenitor cells downstream from hematopoietic stem cells as drivers of normal adult hematopoiesis, and revealed that post-transplantation hematopoiesis differs qualitatively and quantitatively from normal steady-state hematopoiesis. These findings have important implications for understanding in situ the regulation of haematopoiesis in health and disease.
Night eating syndrome (NES) is commonly assessed using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), a validated scale of symptom severity, which does not assess all diagnostic criteria. The Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) assesses all diagnostic criteria, but has not been fully validated. The study purpose was to establish convergent validity for the NEDQ with the NEQ It was also expected that higher NEDQscores would be associated with elevated depression, poorer sleep quality, food addiction, and BMI as in other studies of NES, Students (n = 254) and community members (n = 468) were administered the NEQ NEDQ Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Zung Self-report Depression Scale (SDS), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). Convergent validity between the NEDQ and the NEQ was demonstrated; the scores were significantly positively correlated. There was good agreement between the NEDQand the NEQ in diagnosis of NES; 56% of those diagnosed by the NEDQ met the threshold score on the NEQ while the other 44% did not. Only 5 participants out of 33 who met the NEQ threshold score for NES did not meet the NEDQ diagnostic criteria. MANOVA revealed that higher NEDQ was associated with higher SDS and YFAS scores and poorer sleep quality. Full-syndrome NES by the NEDQ was associated with higher BMI in the community group unlike the student group. Scores on all the other questionnaires were higher in the community group. The discrepancies between NEDQ and NEQ diagnosis may be due to differences in construction of the questionnaires and specifically due to the NEDQ being designed for diagnosis. The NEQ provides a convenient global score for NES severity, whereas the NEDQ which shows convergent validity with the NEQ provides clinically useful diagnostic categories. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In the following paper, the novel method for color image encryption has proposed based on high level chaotic maps . We introduced two novel chaotic maps Cosinus-Arcsinus (CA) and Sinus-Power Logistic (SPL), which have better chaotic behaviour against other available chaotic maps. Our scheme like other image encryption schemes has two main phases, which are pixel shuffling and pixel diffusion. We made an efficient chaotic permutation method, which is extremely dependent on plain image. The proposed method compared with other availabale permutation methods in pixel shuffling stage has a better performance with a lower computational overhead. Another advantage of our permutation method is less correlation between adjacent pixels in the permuted image, which causes high confusion levels with lower iterations. In pixel diffusion phase, we introduced coupled map based on SPL map to change each color component distinctly. Moreover, we used CA map to generate three chaotic sequences for deriving initial seeds of coupled map in a random manner. Followed by three chaotic matrix will be created to change pixels color component values. The proposed diffusion phase implies desirable uniformly distributation in color histogram of encrypted image and makes the scheme robust against statistical attacks. In addition, creating secret keys in a large size and high sensitivity to the original pictures leads acceptable results in the average of NPCR (99.67), UACI (33.45), and resistance against brute-force attack. The experimental results reveal that the new image encryption scheme has the charectristics of 'secure encryption algorithm' such as, large key space, high security and high sensitivity.
The Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States-Report of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel were developed to build on previous food allergy guidelines after several key studies demonstrated the benefit of early introduction of allergenic foods. These landmark studies including the Learning Early about Peanut ( LEAP), LEAP-On and Enquiring about Tolerance trials created a paradigm shift in food allergy prevention. The take home messages of this guideline include that peanut should be introduced early in the first year of life, and for the majority of infants, peanut can be introduced at home. The only group of infants for which medical assessment is recommended is those with severe eczema, egg allergy or both. Here we summarize the Guideline recommendations, endorsed by the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and highlight important aspects relevant to Canadian practitioners.
We present a new concept for designing biomimetic analogs of enzymatic proteins; these analogs are based on the synthetic protein-like copolymers. alpha-Chymotrypsin is used as a prototype of the artificial catalyst. Our experimental study shows that in the course of free radical copolymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers the target globular nanostructures of a core-shell morphology appear in a selective solvent. Using a mesoscale computer simulation, we show that the protein-like globules can have a large number of catalytic centers located at the hydrophobic core/hydrophilic shell interface. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Viable bacterial cells and its genetic material can be stably maintained in Arctic permafrost for a long geological time. Because of the seasonal melting of permafrost strata, it cannot be excluded an access to the surface of ancient highly invasive species with increased pathogenicity. Mycoplasmas are very successful pathogens in humans, mammals, birds, insects, and plants, with high genome plasticity and ability to avoid immune response of host organism. The metagenomic approach allowed us to predict mycoplasma diversity in the Arctic permafrost. The number of mycoplasma DNA fragments in soil deposits of comparable age (similar to 30,000 years) and origin (the late Pleistocene Ice Complexes) is not so abundant compared with other microorganisms, but it is enough for a chance in the presence of living mycoplasmal cells in permafrost. DNA fragments of human, animal, insect, and plant pathogens were identified. The ubiquitous mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii is the undisputed leader in the number of identified sequences in all three metagenomes. It may indicate a higher adaptive capacity and more powerful metabolic potential of A. laidlawii among Mollicutes.
Properly designed alarm systems can benefit operators in conducting routine and emergency tasks. With the digitization of main control rooms, the alarm interface can be designed in various ways that are different from the traditional alarm tile style. An innovative alarm bar interface is proposed in this paper. A preliminary lab experiment was conducted to compare the traditional alarm tile and the new alarm bar interfaces. Sixteen university students were recruited to participate in the experiment, in which two emergency scenarios, Loss of Coolant Accident and Steam Generator Tube Rupture, were tested. The experiment task included two parts: alarm detection and identification. The subjective ratings supported the innovative alarm bar design for better parameter trend perception. The objective performance measures showed that the simpler design of the alarm tile interface better aided the alarm detection performance, whereas the alarm bar interface had almost the same alarm identification performance as the alarm tile interface. Relevance to industry: An alarm system is critical for a complex industrial system. The experimental results show that design evaluation is more complex than it may seem. Although it has not been proved to be overwhelmingly superior to the tile design, the alarm bar design shows promise for aiding operators and needs to be further validated. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper presents the development, implementation and evaluation of an online tool for personalized mobile learning of engineering graphics. The online tool is designed to support the widespread mobile operating systems, such as Android, iOS, Windows 10 Mobile, as well as to be interactive and to enable learning by doing''. The framework for the developed tool includes Dropbox, as the file storage application, and AutoCAD 360, as an interactive CAD application with various tools for drawing. The study was conducted on a sample of 30 undergraduate students. The students were divided into the experimental group, using the developed online tool for personalized mobile learning, and the control group, using traditional learning tools. A statistical analysis of both samples was carried out in order to study the effectiveness of this online tool in the learning process. The results of the final test showed that the students from the experimental group were more successful than the students from the control group. Therefore, the use of the developed online tool for personalized mobile learning of engineering graphics can be considered an improvement in the teaching of engineering graphics.
Ultraprecision engineering and nanotechnology are considered nowadays as the technologies of the future. Their products find wide applications in various technological fields, replacing traditional manufacturing processing in industry. The new applications and devices that are currently under investigation by the scientists and engineers promise to bring revolution to each field they will be applied. In the field of computer science, new quantum computers are designed. Automotive and aerospace industry have a demand for systems-on-a chip in which miniaturization allows for all electronics systems, like computer memory, guidance, navigation, communication, power, sensors, actuators, to fit on a tiny tip. The potential of high-temperature superconductivity is very high. High-T-c superconductors promise more efficient and powerful devices, increasing the energy efficiency and the amount of electricity that can flow through them, bringing, therefore, greater industrial competitiveness and improving the public's quality of life. These new ceramic materials, manufactured with advanced processing techniques, possess profound advantages compared to conventional conductors, as they can carry much higher currents, create larger magnetic fields, and carry electric current with no energy loss to resistance. In this paper reported are some of the activities of the Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology of the NTUA in manufacturing engineering, focusing onto some recent trends and developments in advanced manufacturing of advanced materials, mainly emphasizing my long-standing Greek - Ukrainian - Russian - Hungarian scientific cooperation, also with international involvement worldwide, in the principal research and very important engineering topics nowadays, from industrial research and academic point of view, mentioned above: ultraprecision engineering and nanotechnology and net-shape manufacturing of high - temperature ceramic superconductors.
To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule (eyene,3/4a1/4(0)eSe cent uc(2)', BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) fifibroblasts. Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients (n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture (n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fifibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fifibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1 (Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The mRNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of pSmad1, pSmad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fifibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of pSmad1 and pSmad5. BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fifibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossifification.
Fire whirls are powerful, spinning disasters for people and surroundings when they occur in large urban and wildland fires. Whereas fire whirls have been studied for fire-safety applications, previous research has yet to harness their potential burning efficiency for enhanced combustion. This article presents laboratory studies of fire whirls initiated as pool fires, but where the fuel sits on a water surface, suggesting the idea of exploiting the high efficiency of fire whirls for oil-spill remediation. We show the transition from a pool fire, to a fire whirl, and then to a previously unobserved state, a blue whirl. A blue whirl is smaller, very stable, and burns completely blue as a hydrocarbon flame, indicating soot-free burning. The combination of fast mixing, intense swirl, and the water-surface boundary creates the conditions leading to nearly soot-free combustion. With the worldwide need to reduce emissions from both wanted and unwanted combustion, discovery of this state points to possible new pathways for reduced-emission combustion and fuel-spill cleanup. Because current methods to generate a stable vortex are difficult, we also propose that the blue whirl may serve as a research platform for fundamental studies of vortices and vortex breakdown in fluid mechanics.
Charophytes are the group of green algae whose ancestral lineage gave rise to land plants in what resulted in a profoundly transformative event in the natural history of the planet. Extant charophytes exhibit many features that are similar to those found in land plants and their relatively simple phenotypes make them efficacious organisms for the study of many fundamental biological phenomena. Several taxa including Micrasterias, Penium, Chara, and Coleochaete are valuable model organisms for the study of cell biology, development, physiology and ecology of plants. New and rapidly expanding molecular studies are increasing the use of charophytes that in turn, will dramatically enhance our understanding of the evolution of plants and the adaptations that allowed for survival on land. The Frontiers in Plant Science series on Charophytes provides an assortment of new research reports and reviews on charophytes and their emerging significance as model plants.
There is increasing interest in describing different variants and subtypes that characterize the heterogeneity of behavior, problems with the aim of supporting early detection and prevention, as well as facilitating research into etiological differences. This work examines the course of co-occurrence of callous-unemotional traits (CU), anxiety (ANX) and oppositionality (ODD-s) levels in a longitudinal community sample. A sample of 622 3 year-old preschoolers, followed up until age 7, was assessed annually with dimensional measures of callous-unemotional traits, oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety and related psychological constructs answered by parents, teachers and, performed by children. Growth-Mixture-Modeling yielded six trajectories (null 58.9%, ANXincreasing 4.9%, CU + ANX + ODD 2.4%, CU + ODD-decreasing 8.1%, ODD-increasing 16.4%, and ANX-decreasing 9.2%) that represent the variants previously described with older subjects. The specifier ODD with limited prosocial emotion (CU + ODD decreasing and increasing) showed deficits in executive functioning, attention, aggressive behavior and social cognition in comparison with null trajectory. The secondary variant showed a more severe clinical picture and presented more difficulties in executive functioning, worse environmental characteristics, and worse outcomes at age 7. It is possible to identify the heterogeneity of disruptive behavior problems from preschool age. The identification of homogeneous groups in this category of disorders may help to design more suitable treatments with specific components for specific difficulties, and to progress in the etiological research of each class. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.