Given a set of elements (integers or string characters) that may occur more than once, we need to know the amount of subsets that none of their values have repetitions.
Let's see with an example:
``` 
set numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}
``` 
The subsets are:
``` 
{{1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,4}, {2,3}, {2,4},{3,4}, {1,2,3}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4}, {1,2,3,4}} (15 subsets, as you can see the empty set, {}, is not counted)
``` 
Let's see an example with repetitions of an element:
```
set letters= {a, b, c, d, d}
```
The subsets for this case will be:
```
{{a}, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a,b}, {a,c}, {a,d}, {b,c}, {b,d},{c,d}, {a,b,c}, {a,b,d}, {a,c,d}, {b,c,d}, {a,b,c,d}} (15 subsets, only the ones that have no repeated elements inside)
```

The function ```est_subsets()``` (javascript: ``estSubsets()```) will calculate the number of these subsets.
It will receive the array as an argument and according to its features will output the amount of different subsets without repetitions of its elements.
```python
est_subsets([1, 2, 3, 4]) == 15
est_subsets(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd']) == 15
```
Features of the random tests:
```
Low Performance Tests: 40
Length of the arrays between 6 and 15

High Performance Tests: 80
Length of the arrays between 15 and 100 (Python an Ruby) and between 15 and 50 javascript)
```
Just do it!

Difficulty: introductory

Starter code:

def est_subsets(arr):
	

Solutions:
def est_subsets(arr):
    return 2**len(set(arr)) - 1

est_subsets = lambda a: 2 ** len(set(a)) - 1

est_subsets=lambda n:2 ** len(set(n)) - 1

from math import factorial
from collections import Counter

def C(n, r):
    return factorial(n) // factorial(r) // factorial(n-r)
    
def est_subsets(arr):
    s = set(arr)
    return sum(C(len(s), i) for i in range(1, len(s)+1))

def est_subsets(arr):
    # your code here
    return 2**len(set(arr)) - 1   # n: amount of subsets that do not have repeated elements 

def est_subsets(arr):
    # we first count the number of unique elements m
    # then we use the mathematical property that there is 2**m - 1 non-empty
    # sets that can be created by combination of m elements
    m = len(set(arr))
    return 2**m - 1

def est_subsets(arr):
    arr = list(set(arr))
    return 2 ** len(arr) - 1

def est_subsets(arr):
    # your code here

    s = set(arr)

    return 2**(len(s)) - 1   # n: amount of subsets that do not have repeated elements 

def est_subsets(arr):
    return 2**len(dict.fromkeys(arr))-1

def est_subsets(arr):
    s = set(arr)
    n = (2 ** len(s)) - 1
    return n   # n: amount of subsets that do not have repeated elements