Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696591618637.pdf (Vanuatu)
Fall 08 Photo credit: Karina Coates | OCHA Second Phase Harmonized Assessment Report VANUATU: TROPICAL CYCLONE PAM April 2015 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS A.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE KEY FINDINGS 1.

Many communities cannot access safe water sources.

An estimated 68% of the rainwater harvesting catchment structures are broken, 70% of the wells have been contaminated, and piped water systems have been damaged.

Water quality is poor everywhere except Port Vila, resulting in a health risk.

2.
2.

68% of the sanitation superstructures have been destroyed, resulting in an increase in open defecation, which was reported to be up to 45% in some places.

Open defecation presents urgent health, protection and dignity risks to children, women, and vulnerable groups.

3.

Only 30% of households report hand washing, posing a risk of communicable disease.

Some bathing facilities are unsafe.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Provide immediate access to water supply through emergency water distribution and restoration of water systems.

2.

Prevent the spread of diseases by providing hygiene messages, household water treatment and safe storage supplies and by ensuring household access to soap.

3.

Ensure privacy and safe disposal of human faeces by restoring sanitation structures, complemented with sanitation promotion.

4.
4.

Ensure dignity and minimize protection risks by providing safe bathing facilities and access to sanitary protection materials for girls and women.

5.

Restore protective environments at schools and health care facilities.

B.

SHELTER KEY FINDINGS 1.

Many communities have received shelter assistance and are recovering fast.

2.

Population and damage figures, especially in urban areas, are much higher than estimated.

3.

Gaps in coverage remain, especially in Port Vila and Tanna Island.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Tarpaulins remain a priority to meet outstanding needs and support WASH interventions.

2.

Ongoing monitoring of gaps and targeting of vulnerable groups.

1 3.

Communities are turning to recovery options and need more permanent roofing materials, including traditional thatching materials, nails, and construction materials.

4.

Education, information and training on safe shelter construction.

5.
5.

Information management, including communication with affected communities and feedback mechanisms.

C. HEALTH AND NUTRITION KEY FINDINGS 1.

A high proportion of health facilities were damaged.

However, all but 7 remain partially (19) or fully (45) functioning.

2.

The provision of health services has decreased across all sectors, and in particular in the general clinical and in the child health services.

3.
3.

Overall, the impact on the capacity of the health services to deliver curative and preventive services has been significant, especially given the fragility of the pre-cyclone health system which had a low level of health staff, particularly with regard to medical doctors and midwifes.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Repair and re-open 6 destroyed and the 9 health facilities with major damage.

Re- establish all health facilities to fully functioning status, including adequate water and sanitation services.

2.
2.

Ensure adequate human resources are available to address the increased health needs of the communities, and avoid a drop in service delivery coverage following the departure of foreign medical teams.

3.

Ensure availability and distribution of essential medicines, including immunisation and cold chain capacity.

4.

Finalize and start the implementation of a “building back better” strategic plan for the recovery of the health sector addressing pre cyclone health inequities.
D. EDUCATION KEY FINDINGS 1.

88 facilities, 32% of those assessed, were found to be completely destroyed.

2.

The three most immediate priorities identified by key informants at the assessed schools are (1) repairing damaged facilities (64%), (2) ensuring the safety of students and teachers (46%), and (3) establishing!

Temporary Learning Spaces (45%).

3.

Schools in Shefa and Tafea Provinces have the largest numbers of totally and partially damaged facilities.
They also report the largest drop in access to toilets at education facilities - only 9% of schools toilets function in assessed schools in Shefa and 12% in Tafea.

4.

Of the assessed schools, 17 reported the need for support in the provision of food to their students.

responded to having feeding program in schools.

5.

All assessed schools reported a need for basic WASH kits.

2 KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Provide assistance in repairing damaged school facilities.

2.
2.

Provide teaching and learning resources to damaged schools.

3.

Distribute basic WASH kits to affected schools.

4.

Address the need for safe drinking water at affected schools.

5.

Address the inability to pay school fees of some of the affected people.

6.

Provide food for students at boarding schools.

E. GENDER AND PROTECTION KEY FINDINGS 1.

Displacement continues to be a concern.

2.

Communication with affected communities has been a significant gap in the response so far.

3.
3.

Physical security for the affected population is inadequate.

4.

Insufficient attention given to housing, land and property issues including the impact of the cyclone on landless tenants, as well as the challenges faced in replacement of vital civil documentation.

5.

Reporting mechanisms and support services for survivors of gender based violence or child abuse are inadequate.

6.

Targeted assistance is needed for persons living with disabilities, female headed households and older persons.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Protection mainstreaming across all clusters to promote meaningful and impartial access, safety and dignity in the response.

2.

Protection Monitoring and displacement tracking.

3.

Communication with affected communities.

4.

Improved services for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and child abuse.

3 F. EARLY RECOVERY, AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS KEY FINDINGS 1.
Men and women showed significant differences in usual livelihoods, and men’s usual livelihoods were more profitable in general.

2.

Usual livelihoods for men in these locations include: fishing (tuna, marlin, reef fish), lobster, coconut crabs, sandalwood, and in some islands cash crops such as kava, copra and cacao, shops.

3.

Usual livelihoods for women in these locations include: weaving mats and baskets, sales of prepared foods at the markets, sewing clothes for sale, vegetable gardens.

4.
4.

Overlap in gardens and farming, in which both men and women tend to work for subsistence and also at the markets; also to some extent services and accommodation for tourists, in a few places surveyed.

5.

While fishing is dominated by men, women engage in some fishing from the shore and on the reef.

6.

While bigger buildings, such as schools, are already being repaired in some locations, there was widespread destruction of community infrastructure, which people rely on for their daily lives and work.
KEY PRIORITIES Improve availability of, and access to, food.

1.

2.

Rehabilitation, maintenance, and diversification of agricultural livelihood systems, strategies and assets.

3.

Coordinate emergency assistance activities, such as clearing paths to gardens, provision of seeds and replanting material.

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 6 A.
BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 6 B.

OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2.

METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 7 A.
PLANNING ............................................................................................................................................ 7 B.

AREA OF COVERAGE.......................................................................................................................... 8 C. SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................ 9 3.
FINDINGS .............................................................................................................. 10 A.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE .............................................................................................. 10 B.
SHELTER ............................................................................................................................................ 24 D. EDUCATION .......................................................................................................... 38 E. GENDER AND PROTECTION ............................................................................... 42 F. EARLY RECOVERY, AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS .............................................................. 54 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................. 60 ANNEX I: COMPOSITION OF ASSESSMENT TEAMS .......................................................................... 60 ANNEX II: AREA OF COVERAGE AND LOGISTICS PLANS ................................................................. 60 ANNEX III: ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRES BY CLUSTER OR THEMATIC AREA ....................... 60 ANNEX IV: ASSESSMENT DEBRIEF CHECKLIST ............................................................................... 60 5 1.
INTRODUCTION A.

BACKGROUND Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam struck Vanuatu on 13 March, causing widespread damage across all six provinces (Shefa, Tafea, Malampa, Penama, Sanma and Torba) and affecting an estimated 188,000 people, more than half of the country’s estimated population of 272,000.
To gain immediate clarity on the impact of the disaster, the Government of Vanuatu, supported by humanitarian partners, led joint initial rapid needs assessments to the most affected areas of the island chain from 18 to 24 March.

These assessments found that Shefa and Tafea, where all of the 11 confirmed fatalities occurred, were the hardest-hit provinces.
Information collected during this first phase was detailed enough to inform immediate response planning and the development of the Flash Appeal launched on 24 April.

However, it lacked the depth to advise medium and longer-term planning of humanitarian response and early recovery.

The Government of Vanuatu, therefore, decided to undertake Second Phase Harmonized Assessments at the community level in the five most-severely affected provinces of Shefa, Tafea, Malampa, Penama and Torba.
From 1 to 8 April, 25 government-led teams assessed 23 islands in those provinces.

The teams assessed humanitarian needs across six thematic areas: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH); Shelter; Health and Nutrition; Education; Gender and Protection; and Early Recovery, Agriculture and Livelihoods.

B.

OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the assessment were the following: 1.
To gather critical information in key Clusters/Thematic areas, which would provide a comprehensive picture of humanitarian situation in the affected area, highlighting residual humanitarian needs and gaps in life-saving assistance, as well as greater understanding of overall damage and loss, which will feed into early recovery and longer term reconstruction planning.

2.
2.

To enable partners to plan for immediate and longer-term response, inform early recovery and feed into the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) process.

6 2.

METHODOLOGY A.

PLANNING As a preparedness measure, the Government of Vanuatu had developed standardized cluster and sector-specific assessment forms, which had successfully been used to evaluate humanitarian and early recovery needs in the country following Tropical Cyclone Lusi in 2014.
These forms,1 also used in this assessment, are harmonized to complement each other and additional evaluations, ensure complete data sets and allow for inter-sectoral analysis.

The planning for the assessment was led by the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) with the support of Government–led clusters and humanitarian partners from the Vanuatu Humanitarian Team (VHT).

Using the results of the Initial Rapid Assessment as a baseline, 23 cyclone-affected islands were selected for assessment.
The NDMO liaised with the Provincial Authorities to inform the Area Council Secretaries during the planning process.

The latter then worked with the Chairmen of Community Disaster Committees (CDCs) to select local teams closely cooperated with the enumerators before and during the assessment.

Government-led Clusters, with support of the VHT and Cluster Co- Leads, developed sector-specific questionnaires which had been standardized and endorsed by the Government and the NDMO prior to Tropical Cyclone Pam.
Villages were grouped according to Area Council locations, with representatives coming to a selected central location depending on geography and population size.
In each Central Hub, the following representatives were requested to meet with assessment teams: • Every Village Chief • A member of each Community Water Committee • A group of up to 20 persons total per central hub, ideally from an number of different villages and representing women, youth, people with a disability, children, elderly and female headed households and other vulnerabilities, • Nurses and Teachers The timing of the assessment coincided with Easter, which is one of the most important religious holidays in Vanuatu.
The process was thus split into two tranches: Shefa and Tafea provinces were assessed on 1 and 2 April, while Malampa, Penama and Torba provinces – on 7 and 8 April.

Australia, France, New Zealand, Solomon Islands and Tonga provided military assets to transport the teams between and within the affected areas.2 They were greatly supported by the Vanuatu Police naval assets.

1 Annex III: Second Phase Harmonized Assessment Questionnaires 2 Annex II: Second Phase Harmonized Assessment Logistics Plan 7 B.
AREA OF COVERAGE Assessments on Efate Island, which has an estimated population of 86,250, were carried out by the Shefa provincial government within the first week of the cyclone impact.

Standardised assessment in all of Efate’s eight Area Councils.

Results forms endorsed by were supplemented by reports from Community Disaster Committees and compiled by Area Secretaries into Area Council Summary Reports.
Findings in Efate were shared with the NDMO and Clusters for response planning and action, and have been incorporated in this report.
the NDMO were used In addition to Efate Island, the following islands were assessed during the joint assessments from 1 to 8 April: ISLAND POPULATION VILLAGES AND SITES VISITED TEAMS Shefa Province Epi 5,651 Lamen Bay/Epi School, Lokopuwi Village, Mapvilao Village, Redstone Village Team 1 and Team 2 Tongoa 2,243 Morua Village Tongariki Buninga Emae Makira Mataso Pele Emao 274 112 488 93 61 423 767 Kokopak Village Mbarira Village Worarana Village Makira School Mataso School Pilirua Village Wiana Village Team 3 Team 3 Team 3 Team 4 Team 4 Team 4 Team 12 Team 12 Nguna 1,479 Marie Village, Matua School, Ulatap Village Team A Moso Ifira 239 721 Tafea Province Erromango 2,251 Aniwa Tanna 299 30,770 Tassiriki Village, Sunai Village Ifira community Team B Team B Port Narvin, Ipota Village, Unpongor Village, Umpon Yelongi Village Team 9 and Team 10 Asavai Village Inaka school, Lenakel Village, Imaki village, Port Resolution, Kings cross school, Greenhill school Futuna Aneityum 620 978 Malampa Province Ishia Village Analgauhat School Team 11 Teams 5, 6, 7, 8 Team 11 Team 11 8 Ambrym 7,218 Neuwa Village, Ulei Village, Wuro Airstrip Malakula 25,682 Benenaveth Village, Wiaru Village, Lakatoro Village, Lambumbu Village, Rapaksivir Village Teams 6, 9, 10, 11 Teams 7, 8, 9 Paama 1,623 Liro Village, Selusa School, Lehili College Team 11 Penama Province Maewo 3,836 Pentecost 18,809 Torba Province Gambule School, Naviso School, Asanvari Village, Teams 2, 3 Lini Memorial College, Nambwarangiut Village, Renbura Village, Melsisi School, Tankarang Village, Pangi Village Teams 3, 4, 5, 6 Mere Lava 591 Lekwel Village, Aot Village Team 1 C. SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT A total of 113 enumerators (30 Women and 83 men) were deployed in 25 teams to 23 islands across four provinces.
Some enumerators took part in both tranches of assessment.

Diversity in terms of gender, age and disability among Key Informants was ensured.

Assessment teams consisted of specialists from different Government Ministries and Departments, volunteers from the Vanuatu Red Cross and civil society organizations, as well as staff members of international NGOs and United Nations Agencies.
Each team assessed the following six thematic areas through Key Informant interviews, focus group discussions and site assessments3: 1.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 2.

Shelter 3.

Health and Nutrition 4.

Education 5.

Gender and Protection 6.

Early Recovery, Agriculture and Livelihoods Upon return, Cluster Leads and Co-Leads held debriefs with the enumerators, capturing direct observations and other information which may not have been recorded in the forms.
Structured and unstructured information obtained during the debrief was useful in triangulating data and filling in information gaps.4 3 Annex III: Second Phase Harmonized Assessment Questionnaires 4 Annex IV: Assessment Teams’ Debrief Checklist 9 3.

FINDINGS A.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE Strong winds and intense rain damaged water and sanitation infrastructure, which raises health, protection, and education concerns.
Almost two thirds of the WASH assessors believed that the situation in the community surveyed was severe required immediate attention.

Based on assessments conducted by other clusters, damages are expected to have been similar on water, sanitation, and hygiene services at schools and health care facilities.

The intensity of damages depends on the distance to the eye of the cyclone.

The eye passed over the island of Tanna, causing severe damage.
Rainwater-dependent islands were also severely affected in the aftermath of the cyclone, as communities had limited alternatives.

These islands include Tongariki, Mataso, Makira, Buninga, Nguna, Moso, Aniwa, South East Ambrym.

Communities that practised open defecation prior to the cyclone faced increased health risks, as unimproved water sources have been contaminated.

OVERALL SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK 50% of communities in Shefa and Tafea Provinces expect the situation to worsen.
In Penama the number stands at 20%, and in Malampa around 30%.

This corroborates other data indicating that Tafea and Shefa are the most affected provinces.

Short-term outlook Grand Total 43 1 18 Tafea Shefa 10 23 1 1 8 Penama 4 9 40 8 13 7 Malampa 6 12 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Crisis is worsening No change is likely Need detail assessment when people are settle Crisis is becoming less serious WATER KEY FINDINGS 1.

Water systems have sustained extensive damage.


Communities reported that access to water is their first priority.

2.

Wind and debris destroyed rainwater catchment intake areas (roofs) and gutters, completely damaging such systems in the provinces of Tafea (88%), Shefa (32%), Malampa (12%), and Penama (6%).

10 3.

Poor water quality was found in all sites tested outside of Port Vila from debris, sediment, and sea water, showing a need for water treatment prior to drinking.
Less than half of the households reported using some form of water treatment.

4.

Fallen trees and landslides damaged piped water systems, especially those which were older and poorly constructed or maintained.

5.

Debris, trees, rocks and sedimentation blocked spring water intakes.

6.

Power failure and mechanical damages has caused failure of pumped water systems.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Provide immediate life-saving water supply to affected areas by water distributions, deployment of generators, water treatment units and tarpaulin distributions to restore rainwater harvesting.

2.

Undertake immediate repairs and cleaning of affected drinking water systems and establish back-up sources of water to increase community resilience.

3.

Minimize the risk of communicable diseases by providing household water treatment and storage items, complemented with key health messages.
4.

Restore access to safe drinking water at schools and health care facilities.

OVERVIEW 1.

Water availability.

More than 50% of the community have reported to have less than 3 litres of drinking water available.

Average quanity of drinking water available > 3L 43% < 3L 57% The variation between provinces is significant.
The provinces of Tafea and Shefa have much less access to water than the provinces of Penama and Malampa which confirms other data on losses on water infrastructure being much more extensive in Tafea and Shefa.

11 Average quanity of drinking water available per province Grand Total 58 44 Tafea Shefa 14 33 6 11 Penama 4 16 Malampa 7 11 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2.

Damage for community systems.


According to the Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources (DGMWR), the following damages per systems have occurred: < 3L > 3L Total damages to systems 272 48 12 Community RWH DGF IDGF 17 HP Rainwater harvesting (RWH).

Damages to roof collection, gutters, downpipes, and tanks have resulted in non-functional rainwater harvesting systems.

The majority of damage is to roofs and gutters, though tanks were also damaged or broken.
Based on assessment results, all RWH systems without covered tanks have been contaminated and need cleaning.

Direct Gravity Fed systems (DGF).

Pipes were broken by fallen trees and landslides.

Systems that did not have their pipe works fully covered sustained more damage.

Intake structures were damaged due to landslides and blockage, especially where the intakes were not well-protected from runoff and sediment.

Indirect Gravity Systems (IDGF).


Indirect gravity systems suffer from similar damage to pipes as the DGF, with additional damage or failure of pumps.

Most electric operating systems need emergency power supply, which is not captures in this figure.

Some systems have been damaged at the pump due to fallen trees and collapsing buildings.

Hand pumps (HP).

Hand pumps have sustained limited damage.


Hand pumps are rather robust concerning cyclones and not widely found across Vanuatu, hence the limited of damage.

The use of 12 hand pumps could be considered to be promoted as they are found to be more resilient than other sources.

Wells.

The well, a traditional water source typically constructed by communities and unprotected from runoff and flying objects sustained extensive damage.
Many have been polluted with biological contamination, and in few instances with salt water, by the wind and the rain.

Approximately two thirds of the wells are not working and are in immediate need of repairs and clean up.

Open wells open wells working 30% Open wells broken 70% Distribution per province.

The data is further disaggregated per provinces below.

Shefa Province has reported the most damages on community rainwater harvesting systems.
Damages per system per province 184 Community RWH DGF IDGF HP 34 30 10 6 20 38 6 6 2 2 0 1 6 4 0 Shefa Tafea Penama Malampa 13 3.

Damage to private rainwater harvesting systems.

Based on pre-Pam national surveys, 37.1% of the rural households in Vanuatu depend on rainwater harvesting.

A large extent of these households have privately owned rainwater harvesting systems.

The scope of damages to these systems is believed to be extensive.
Rainwater harvesting systems include rainwater catchment structures, rainwater guttering and rainwater harvesting tanks.

The most vulnerable component of the system is the catchment structure (usually a roof), as it is more vulnerable to damage caused by winds.

The data for the rainwater harvesting catchment areas and gutters has been sourced from the Shelter Cluster data using housing structures damages as a proxy indicator.
Questions about rainwater harvesting tanks were asked during the WASH Cluster assessment.

Damaged houses damaged 32% not damaged 68% Rainwater catchment and gutters.

Rainwater harvesting catchment areas are usually based on individual houses and roofing structures of community buildings.

The Shelter Cluster reports that approximately 32% of the houses have been damaged.

As is most commonly damaged, the WASH Cluster estimates that in total 24% of the rainwater catchment structures have been damaged.
roofing structure the Wide variations between provinces can be observed.

They are directly related to the intensity of the cyclonic winds received: in Tafea, which received the strongest winds, the damage to rainwater catchment areas is estimated to be 88%, while for Penama, the damage to the rainwater catchments is expected to be only 6%.

The assessment team reported similar results; however, the guttering of rainwater harvesting systems were found to be damaged across the four provinces.
Damaged houses- per province damaged not damaged total Tafea Shefa 32% 32% Penama 6% Malampa 12% 68% 68% 88% 94% 88% 12% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 14 Rainwater harvesting tanks.

More than 25% of the rainwater harvesting tanks are no longer functional.

The damages in the tanks are mostly due to fallen trees and other tanks.

Open rainwater harvesting tanks – without a lid - have been all polluted with leaves and branches and all now need cleaning.
items destroying Rainwater harvesting tanks RWH tanks broken 25% RWH working 75% 4.

Water quality Water quality testing.

The overall majority of water resources are biologically contaminated as per water quality testing results from the Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources (DGMWR).

The DGMWR collected samples of 22 different systems around Efate, of which only one system was found to be safe - the UNELCO waters supply.
The other samples, taken from various systems, piped water supply, wells and rainwater harvesting exceeded the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for water quality and are thus not safe for human consumption.

This is partially caused by the cyclone due to run off and pollution by leaves, and other biological objects that contaminated the sources.

In the absence of a baseline, it can only be expected that this contamination is also a pre-Pam issue, due to sanitary risks around water sources.
It is therefore advised to treat water before consumption, by boiling, water purification tablets of chlorination.

Household water treatment and safe storage.

As per assessment results, the majority of people do not treat their water.

From those who treat their water, the most preferred option is boiling of water followed by using disinfection tablets and chlorination.
As this is self-reported data by communities, and the assessment team indicated a much lower proportion of household water treatment being observed, it could be expected that the actual numbers might be much lower.

Household water treatment households boiling 28% not using water treatment 53% households chlorinating 6% households using tablets 13% 15 Variation between provinces is significant.

The most affected districts have a much higher rate of water treatment than the lesser affected provinces.
This could be attributed to the need and the joint efforts made by the WASH & Health cluster to promote household water treatment, by messaging and distributions, which has focussed on the worse effected areas.

Penama, being less affected, shows a high need of hygiene messages as less the 10% of the households practise household water treatment.
Household water treatment Total 2153 464 967 4014 1 37 Penama 42 1896 Malampa 314 0 87 1119 Tafea 527 406 406 489 Shefa 1270 57 437 510 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% households boiling households chlorinating households using tablets not using water treatment Water storage.

Water storage options, an important tool to mitigate the shortage of water and ensure the water quality during storage.

Half the number of households have some means of water storage with a narrow neck or lid.
Household access to water containers with lid/ narrow neck households without water containers 49% households with water containers 51% 16 The variation between districts is limited, with a lightly higher share of households in the worse affected provinces.

Household access to containers - per province Total 3928 Penama 802 Malampa Tafea Shefa 782 926 3845 1174 913 902 1418 856 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% households with water containers households without water containers 5.
Severity ranking and outlook Almost two-thirds of the WASH assessors believed that the severity of the situation need immediate attention.

This situation was found to be most critical for Shefa and Tafea and in particular for communities without alternative water sources.

The severity was substantially less severe in the provinces of Malampa and Penema.
Severity Ranking: Water supply 61% 6% 8% 25% Green - Relatively normal situation or local population able to cope with crisis: no action required Orange - Situation of concern: surveillance required Red - Severe situation: urgent intervention required Yellow - Lack of/unreliable data: further assessment required 17 Severity of water supply Total 8 6 25 Tafea 2 3 Shefa 1 3 9 60 15 29 Penama 5 1 5 Malampa 2 8 9 7 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Green - Relatively normal situation or local population able to cope with crisis: no action required Yellow - Lack of/unreliable data: further assessment required Orange - Situation of concern: surveillance required Red - Severe situation: urgent intervention required A similar picture is seen in terms of the short term outlook.
Tafea and Shefa have a much more negative outlook and around 70% of the respondents answer that there will be a critical shortfall in water quantity in the next month.

Shortfall of water in the next month?

Grand Total 43 59 6 13 Tafea Shefa Penama Malampa Column Labels 14 31 12 12 8 6 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% No Yes 18 SANITATION KEY FINDINGS 1.
Nearly all sanitation superstructures have been destroyed, especially those made of bush materials, with little availability of materials for rebuilding.

Women, children, and vulnerable people now lack privacy and, in some cases, safe, bathing facilities.

2.

Substantial increase in open defecation and sharing of latrines by multiple people due to lack of private toilets.
30% of the communities reported that they have resorted to open defecation since the cyclone, compared to 2.5% rural open defecation baseline (2013 Demographic and Health Survey).

3.

Nearly all sanitation substructures are intact, with less than 10% damage from flooding.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Eliminate health and protection risks from open defecation by restoring household sanitation structures.

2.

Restore safe sanitation facilities at health care facilities and schools.

3.
3.

Increase knowledge and practice of safe hygiene and sanitation behaviours complemented with improved sanitation facilities.

OVERVIEW 1.

Damages to sanitation.

Due to the winds and fall trees most of the sanitation superstructures have been destroyed, especially in rural areas where bush materials had been used.

The data for housing damages used by the Shelter Cluster could be used as a proxy indicator for the number of sanitation superstructures damaged.
As per reports from the assessment teams, this situation is worsened in the provinces of Tafea and Shefa Provinces where replacement materials are in limited availability after the strong winds blew them away.

As a result, people have to share facilities or practise open defecation.

Issues of protection have emerged as limited privacy is currently provided.
total Tafea Shefa 32% 32% Penama 6% Malampa 12% Damaged houses- per province 68% 68% 88% 94% 88% damaged not damaged 12% 19 Pre-cyclone improved sanitation coverage was 52.7% for rural households, and 18.7% of households were sharing toilets with other families as per the 2013 Demographic Household Survey (DHS).

Communities reported lower access to functional toilets following the cyclone.
Though it is expected that that a higher proportion of toilets has been destroyed in Tafea and Shefa Provinces, the ratio of toilets per household is actually the lowest in Penama.

This could be attributed to higher levels of sharing toilets in these provinces before the cyclone.

Penama Malampa Tafea Shefa # Households - # functional toilets 510 840 911 1976 1520 1828 1307 2274 households toilets 2.

Defecation practise.


The assessments show that 30% of the communities, people are going for open defecation, compared to 2.5% open defecation for rural households as per 2013 DHS.

This significant increase is most likely a result due to the destroyed superstructures, and limited materials to restore the superstructure.

25% of the communities reported that people are using a community toilet, while only 45% of the communities reported that people are using family latrines.
The increase in open defecation is a direct health risk.

The change from family toilets to public toilets and open defecation accompanies also a protection risk for women.

Defecation Practise 13% 45% 17% 25% Open defecation, not in a defined and managed defecation area Open Defecation, in a defined and managed defecation area Public toilets Family toilets and shared family toilets 20 The distribution per defecation practises is not linear to the expected damages to household latrines.
As defecation practises is influenced by a multiple social, cultural and enviornmental factors, people will find their own mitigaiton strategies as per context.

Penama seems to have the highest level of open defecation, which could also reveal long standing practises of the communties interviewed.
Defecation Practise- per province Grand Total 13 17 26 Tafea Shefa 2 5 7 7 16 Penama 6 1 6 46 11 16 7 Malampa 2 4 12 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Open defecation, not in a defined and managed defecation area Open Defecation, in a defined and managed defecation area Public toilets Family toilets and shared family toilets 3.

Toilet user ratio.

Only 80% of communities were able to estimate the average number of users per functioning toilet.
Of these communities that were able to respond, 25% reported that toilets were being shared by more than 20 people, indicating that there were still multiple families sharing sanitation facilities.

Protection aspects of these toilets needs to be addressed if sharing is to continue to avoid safety, security, and dignity risks.

Number of users per toilet Do not know 20% >100 7% 51 - 100 6% 21 - 50 5% <20 62% 21 HYGIENE KEY FINDINGS 1.
Nearly half of the households have access to soap, but less than 30% are using it.

2.

Two-thirds of communities did not have access to sanitary protection materials for girls and women.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Promote safe hygiene behaviour using mass media, visits from health officers, health promotion teams and using traditional leadership and communication means.

2.

Prevent the spread of communicable diseases by ensuring that households have access to soap and water for hand washing and bathing.

3.
3.

Restore dignity by ensuring the availability of menstrual hygiene materials for girls and women, and by providing safe and private bathing facilities.

OVERVIEW Hand washing with soap is one of the most critical behaviour patterns to prevent diarrhoea outbreaks.

The data suggests that 47% of the households have access to soap, however less than 30% use soap.

The reasons stated by respondents for not using soap were lack of water and limited awareness.
A combination of providing water and hygiene promotion is required to increase the usage.

Households access to soap Households using soap HHs swithout soap 53% HHswith soap 47% HHs using soap 30% HHs not using soap 70% The variation between provinces in terms of access and usage varies.

Tafea seems to have the highest usage figures, while Penama has the lowest.

It could be that the worse-affected location has received more intensive messages.

Hygiene promotion should be rolled out across the provinces.
22 Households with access to soap - per province Households using soap - per province Total 3568 4205 Total 2309 5464 Penama 510 1466 Penama 144 1832 Malampa Tafea Shefa 840 911 1307 855 917 967 Malampa 568 1127 Tafea Shefa 980 848 617 1657 0% 50% 100% households with soap households without soap 0% Households using soap 50% households not using soap 100% Menstrual hygiene management.
Nearly two-thirds of communities reported that they did not have access to sanitary protection materials for menstruating women.

This poses a health and dignity problem for girls and women living in these communities and should be addressed by initial distributions of NFIs while private sector and traditional options return.
Households with access to menstual hygiene materials HH with access to Menstrual hygiene 35% HH without acces 65% The analysis per province reveals that Malampa has the least access compared to the highest levels being in Shefa Province.

Households to Menstrual Hygiene materials- per province Total Penama Malampa Tafea Shefa 0% HH with access to Menstrual hygiene HH without acces 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 23 B.

SHELTER KEY FINDINGS 1.

Many communities have received shelter assistance and are recovering fast.
2.

Population and damage figures, especially in urban areas, are much higher than estimated.

3.

Gaps in coverage remain, especially in Port Vila and Tanna Island.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Tarpaulins remain a priority to meet outstanding needs and support WASH interventions.

2.

Ongoing monitoring of gaps and targeting of vulnerable groups.

3.

Communities are turning to recovery options and need more permanent roofing materials, including traditional thatching materials, nails, and construction materials.
4.

Education, information and training on safe shelter construction.

5.

Information management, including communication with affected communities and feedback mechanisms.

OVERVIEW Shelter assessment teams representing Shelter Cluster agencies travelled to Areas Councils across the cyclone-affected areas and interview key informants, including village leaders, Area Council Secretaries, and Community Disaster Committee (CDC) representatives.
As such, this provided the cluster with an overview of the response so far, which will also be used in conjunction with shelter- specific assessments at the household level to ascertain precise information about relief, recovery and residual humanitarian needs.

This summary of findings also includes information about Efate, based on a separate shelter-specific vulnerability assessment.

There has been significant local recovery in many communities, although gaps remain.
This is especially the case in Tanna Island, which was badly affected by the cyclone, and in urban Port Vila, which has a high number of people living on the urban periphery and in informal settlements.

A Shefa Provincial Government enumeration is ongoing for peri-urban areas of Port Vila; population estimates appear higher than previously thought, especially in informal settlements with a high population density such as Blacksands.
Tarpaulin remains a key need, as it can be used for shelter, water harvesting, kitchens and toilets.

Further, key informants reported that shelter recovery tended to be lower for vulnerable groups, particularly people living with disabilities and female-headed households.

Significant quantities of relief have been distributed in the first four weeks of the response.
Shelter cluster agencies estimate that nearly 13,000 households have received shelter items during the emergency phase and a further 8,000 households’ worth of shelter items are currently in-country and being prepared for distribution.

In some areas, such as southern Malekula, information captured by the assessment suggested that some communities were placing higher priority on agriculture and potable drinking water than on shelter needs, where houses had not been heavily damaged.
Houses made of bush materials have tended to recover quickly, although in some areas, such as Tanna, destruction of traditional thatching materials like natangora has impeded recovery in rural areas.

24 There are also different experiences depending on whether the household was rural or urban.

Initial feedback indicates that there has been migration to Port Vila from rural Efate following TC Pam and this has placed pressure on aid distributions based on earlier population estimates.
Evacuation centre populations were initially high in Port Vila but have all closed as shelter relief items became available, allowing people to return home to rebuild on the site of their original houses.

Evacuation Centres and host families remain an issue in Tanna, however, where shelter relief items have been slower to arrive.
Gaps remain in urban slum and informal settlement rebuilding with aid only now reaching some urban and peri-urban pockets of Port Vila owing to an initial focus on more difficult to reach outer islands and a freeze on distribution in the capital as assessments were carried out during the initial phases of the response.

In urban areas, the following obstacles to safe shelter were identified: lack of permanence, concern over the loss of cash livelihoods, and insecurity of tenure.
Based on interviewees’ feedback, the following shelter priorities were identified.

Although there has been a significant shelter distribution, some the affected communities had not received tarpaulins and there were concerns about continued leaks during heavy rain.

Communities also expressed concerns about building skills to assist them to build back better.

An absence of trained carpenters was identified as an obstacle to a ‘build-back-better approach’.
Some communities were found to still have families in evacuation centres or living with host families but were seeking shelter assistance to help them to return to their places of origin.

A more general concern was expressed about fairness in the distribution of relief items with concerns that not everyone was eligible for the same levels of assistance.

Assessment teams reported several positive trends across the areas visited.
Communities are helping each other to rebuild and self-recovery in some places has been rapid with communities reconstructing their homes.

Assessment teams reported that they were effectively employing local, context-specific skills and materials for reconstruction, including recycling from destroyed buildings with strong links to Community Disaster Committees.

There was a high degree of preparedness with people tying down roofs and early warning information widely disseminated.
There were differing accounts of the appropriateness and safety of concrete structures during the cyclone with many communities preferring traditional buildings for temporary refuge.

In Epi Island, much of the livestock had survived but damage to fences meant that the animals had been freed and caused further damage to crops.
Province Island Malampa Penama Ambrym Malekula Paama Ambae Maewo Merelava Pentecost Shefa Emau Makira Mataso - Matah Alam Tongariki Tongoa Port Vila Efate RURAL Buninga Emae Epi Caseload (Destroyed or Damaged) Total HH with Tarp Distribution Completed Total HH with Tarp Distribution Ongoing Total HH with Tarp Distribution Planned TOTAL HH WITH TARP Theoretical Final Gap Lelepa Moso Nguna Pele Aneityum Aniwa Erromango Futuna Tanna Ambrym Malekula Paama Tafea NB: population figures, especially in urban areas are currently under review and will likely increase.
This will affect statistical coverage estimates.

26 C. HEALTH AND NUTRITION KEY FINDINGS 1.

A high proportion of health facilities were damaged.

However, all but 7 remain partially (19) or fully (45) functioning.

2.

The provision of health services has decreased across all sectors, and in particular in the general clinical and in the child health services.

3.
3.

Overall, the impact on the capacity of the health services to deliver curative and preventive services has been significant, especially given the fragility of the pre-cyclone health system which had a low level of health staff, particularly with regard to medical doctors and midwifes.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Repair and re-open 6 destroyed and the 9 health facilities with major damage.

Re- establish all health facilities to fully functioning status, including adequate water and sanitation services.

2.
2.

Ensure adequate human resources are available to address the increased health needs of the communities, and avoid a drop in service delivery coverage following the departure of foreign medical teams.

3.

Ensure availability and distribution of essential medicines, including immunisation and cold chain capacity.

4.

Finalize and start the implementation of a “building back better” strategic plan for the recovery of the health sector addressing pre cyclone health inequities.
OVERVIEW Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu on 13 March affecting 22 islands in four provinces.

Within these islands, there are 71 health facilities: hospitals (2), health centres (19) and dispensaries (50).

This report summarizes the findings of the rapid health needs assessments and the multi-cluster assessments conducted in the weeks following the cyclone.

DAMAGE TO HEALTH FACILITIES Table 1.

Damage to health facilities by health facility type on affected islands, Vanuatu, March 2015.
Facility Destroyed Major Minor None Total D HC Prov.

H Ref.

H Total 5 1 6 2 6 1 9 28 7 1 36 15 5 20 50 19 1 1 71 27 There are 71 health facilities on islands affected by cyclone Pam, excluding aid posts (8 non- government owned facilities are included in this report).

Assessments of varying detail have been conducted in all facilities (table 1).

Of the 71 facilities that have been assessed there were 6 facilities that were destroyed and 9 facilities with major damage (table 2).
Minor damage was reported in 35 facilities and there was no damage reported from 19 facilities.

All assessed health facilities remain operational except for 7; Imere (Efate), Naviso (Maewo), Ikiti and Kitow (Tanna), Amboh (Tongariki), Nimair and Tavalapa (Tongoa).

Imere, which presents only minor damages, is closed due to a lack of staff after the cyclone.

Table 2.
Table 2.

Health Facilities destroyed or sustaining major damage, by island and province, Vanuatu, March 2015 Province Island Facility name Type of Facility Status Damage Shefa Tongariki Amboh Tongoa Efate Epi Nimair (bongabonga) Paunangisu Port Quimmie Tongoa Silimauri Nguna Silmoli Tongoa Epi Emae Tanna Tanna Tanna Tanna Tavalapa (Leimatuk) Vaemali Vaemauri Green Hill Ikiti Kitow Kasaru) Lenakel (Nagus Tafea Penama Maewo Naviso Malampa Ambrym Utas D D HC D HC D D HC HC HC D HC Prov.
H D HC NF NF PF PF FF PF NF PF PF PF NF NF PF NF PF Destroyed Destroyed Major Major Major Major Destroyed Major Major Major Destroyed Destroyed Major Destroyed Major Shefa was the most affected province and 21 of 24 (87.5%) of health facilities have been damaged with 3 of 4 health facilities on Tongairki and Tongoa destroyed (Table 2).

In Tafea province, 9 of 12 dispensaries and all 4 health centres were damaged.

The Provincial hospital was severely damaged (82% of all facilities).
Ikiti dispensary and Kitow health centre are not functioning.

In Penama (excluding Ambae), 11 of 31 (36%) of health facilities are damaged.

All are still functioning.

In Malampa (excluding Malekula), 6 of 8 (75%) facilities were damaged.

28 Graph 1.
28 Graph 1.

Proportion of facilities damaged, by type and by province, March 2015 100 80 60 40 20 0 Shefa Tafea Penama Malampa Dispensaries Health centres Graph 1 shows the imbalance of the impact of the cyclone on the health facilities, with a prominent impact on health centres, which cover the critical function in delivering primary care in the Vanuatu health system.

HUMAN RESOURCES 1.

Current human resources in the affected islands.


The Sphere Standards in Health Action, one of the most widely known and internationally recognized sets of common principles and universal minimum standards in life-saving areas of humanitarian response, require a minimum of 22 health workers/10,000 people in population.

Health Workers in Vanuatu include the following categories: doctors, nurse practitioners, midwifes, registered nurses and nurse aids.

Table 3.
Human Resources in 22 Affected Islands, March 2015 Province Island/Health Zone Population Medical Doctor Nurse Practitioner Midwife Nurse Nurse Aid Total number of health workers Health workers/ 10,000 population Malampa Ambrym 8481 Paama 1708 Penama Pentacost 17525 Maewo 7275 1 0 2 0 Health Zone 1 Islands included - Efate (excluding Paunangisu Health Centre), Erakor, Ifira 77386 13 Shefa Health Zone Islands included - Emau, Lelepa, Moso, Nguna and including Paunangisu Health Centre Health Zone 3 Islands included - Emae, Tongariki, Tongoa Health Zone 4 Islands included - Epi Island 3512 8691 Tafea Tanna 30894 Other Islands - Aneityum, Aniwa, Erromango, Futuna 3864 0 0 1 0 Total numbers of health workers The numbers of health staff presented in the data include health workers at government and municipal operated health facilities.
Privately owned hospitals and clinics were not included in the dataset.

The numbers of health staff presented were assessed as before the cyclone.

Of the data that was collected after the cyclone, a decrease of only four health staff noted.

This included one midwife in Malampa Province and three nurses in Tafea Province.

The staff at the destroyed health facilities have been repurposed to serve other areas or for the ongoing measles vaccination campaign.
The overall national ratio is far from the threshold of minimum 22 health workers per 10,000 prescribed in the Shpere standards and WHO.

The breakdown by island or health zone presented in Table 3 indicates an unequal distribution of the health workers.

The high concentration in the capital Port Vila brings the ratio up to 21 for almost a quarter of the population of the country.
The ratio drops to 13 in other provinces, with the exception of small islands where the very small population of catchment areas of their health facilities increases the ratio.

The table presents the total population by island and zone, to weigh which proportion has a high or low ratio of health workers per 10,000 people.

A second important observation relates to the composition of the overall workforce.
Midwifes and nurse practitioners require four years and 6 months of training, registered nurses need three years of training, and nurse aids only nine months.

While nurse aids have limited official training time, they often replace registered nurses as the only health staff available for some dispensaries in remote areas.

With nurse aids representing 36% of the workforce outside the referral hospital, the quality of care becomes a concern particularly in dispensaries operated only by a nurse aid.
Within the nationwide ratio of 17 health workers for 10,000 people, the proportion of medical doctors and midwifes is very low.

It raises concerns regarding the services provided, particularly to mothers and new-borns considering the high maternal and neonatal mortality.

30 2.

Foreign Medical Teams.

A total of 20 Foreign Medical Teams (FMTs) have provided support to Vanuatu during the first month after the disaster.

11 had left Vanuatu by 6 April after completing, on average, a two-week deployment.
All FMTs deployed to Vanuatu are of Type 1 and provide outpatient care either through fixed clinics or mobile teams, with the exception of one FMT Type 2, which supported referrals at the Vila Central Hospital (VCH) with outpatient and inpatient care surgical capacities for trauma care and general surgery and intensive care from the day two after the cyclone.

Two FMTs provide specialized services at the VCH.


During the first month of the operation, over 140 medical staff have been deployed with FMTs to support the Ministry of Health (MoH) and deliver, among other services, over 9,000 consultations.

The majority of FMTs are working at MoH health facilities, supporting their staff either static or providing frequent support to health facilities from a fixed location.
A small number of FMTs provide consultations in communities where there is no health infrastructure.

The number of FMTs will further decrease with only found still being operational at the end of April.

Vanuatu has received support in health service provision through mobile clinics conducted by NGOs for many years and it can be expected that this form of support will pick up again in the coming months.

WATER AND SANITATION IN HEALTH FACILITIES 1.

Water.
Water.

The availability of an adequate water supply was assessed, including availability of water, uninterrupted supply of water and whether there was adequate storage of water (Table 3).

The risk of contamination to the water supply was also assessed.

Data was made available from 64 facilities.

An inadequate supply of water was reported from 31 (48%) facilities.

Water supply was unchlorinated in 50 facilities (78%).
Water supply was considered to be at risk of environmental contamination in 18 facilities.

Twenty-six facilities are functioning without an adequate supply of water.

Table 3.
Health Facilities (31) with Inadequate Water Supply Province Island Name of Health facility Health facility type Operation al status Damage Sufficient water supply No interruption s to water supply Sufficient water storage Shefa Tongoa Silimauri HC Lelepa Amauri Tongariki Amboh D D HC D Paunangi su Port Quimmie Efate Epi Epi Vaemali HC Emae Vaemauri HC Tongoa Nimair (bongabo nga) Nguna Silmoli D D FF FF NF PF PF PF PF NF PF Major Minor Yes No Destroyed No Major No Major Major Major No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Destroyed Yes Yes Major No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 31 Tongoa Tafea Erromango Tavalapa (Leimatuk ) Dillions Bay D D Tanna Imaki HC Tanna Lenakel Prov.
H Tanna Tanna Port Resolutio n Ikawaram anu Tanna Ikiti Aniwa Rotebeka Erromango Ipota Erromango Port Narvin D D D D D D Tanna Green Hill HC Penama Maewo Naviso Pentecost Bwatnapn e Pentecost Enkul D D D Pentecost Ledunsivi HC Pentecost Melsisi HC Pentecost Tsingbwe ge D Malampa Ambrym Baiap HC Ambrym Endu Ambrym Port Vato Ambrym Utas Paama Liro D D HC HC NF Destroyed No Yes No FF PF PF PF FF NF FF PF PF PF NF PF FF FF FF FF FF PF PF PF PF Minor Yes Minor Major Yes Yes Minor Yes None No Destroyed No Minor Minor Yes Yes None Yes Major No Destroyed Yes Major None Minor None None None Minor None Major No No No No No No No No No Minor Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2.
Sanitation.

The availability of adequate sanitation was assessed through the availability of toilets.

Data was made available from 38 facilities.

33 facilities (87%) reported there were toilets available, however two of these were not functioning.

The five health facilities without toilets report they were destroyed in the cyclone.
32 AVAILABILITY OF HEALTH SERVICES Multi-cluster assessments using the Health Resources Availability Mapping System (HeRAMS) tool were conducted on nine health centres and 13 dispensaries (22).

The assessment was done across six areas of service: general clinical, child health, communicable diseases, STI, HIV/AIDS and sexual violence, maternal and newborn health, non-communicable disease and environmental health.
There are between 3 and 7 services per each of these 6 areas, as detailed in the HeRAMS checklist adapted to the local health system.

It is presented in the last part of the health sector multi-cluster form under Annex III.

Graph 2.
Graph 2.

Overall Health Services Availability at Health Centres and Dispensaries, pre and post-Cyclone e l b a l i a v a s e c i v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 General Clinic Services Child Health Communicable Diseases STI/HIV Maternal and Child Health Area of services % Before % After Non Communicable Diseases and Environemental Health The provision of services declined is all areas following the cyclone.
The greatest decline was in the provision of child health services, mainly due to the interruption of the immunization activities and school visits.

Graph 3.
Graph 3.

General Clinic Service Availability for Health Centres (9) and Dispensaries (13) e l b a l i a v a i s e c v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Outpatient services Short hospitalisation Referral capacity Home care visits Service % Before % After 33 The largest decline in general service provision was in referral capacity where there was a 36% decline.
This decline is a result of a lack of telecommunications, physical barriers to movement by road and interruptions in transport availability (Graph 3).

Home care visits were impacted by the availability of health staff.

Graph 4.
Graph 4.

Child Health Services Availability for Health Centres (9) and Dispensaries (13) e l b a l i a v a s e c i v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EPI: Routine imnunization Under 5 clinic conducted Screening of malnutrition School health visits by trained health staff Service % Before % After The availability of routine immunization has been reduced due to damage to vaccine fridges and solar panels, lack of available vaccines, and a reduction in available staff (Graph 4).
Prior to the cyclone, 33 facilities had a functioning cold chain: hospitals (2), health centres (17), dispensaries (14) (Table 4).

After the cyclone, 25 of these facilities have information on the availability of cold chain; eight facilities report that vaccine fridges are no longer working.

Of the 17 facilities with functioning cold chain, one facility is totally destroyed despite the vaccine fridge still functioning and two facilities report that they have no vaccines in stock.
Therefore of the 25 facilities where information is available, only 14 facilities in affected islands are able to provide routine immunization services.
Table 4 Health Facilities (33) with Established Cold Chain Capacity Province Island Name of Health facility Health facility type Operational status Cold chain after Vaccine stock Shefa Lelepa Amauri Epi Burumba Erakor Erakor (Kalmer Takau) Efate Paunangisu Epi Port Quimmie Tongoa Silimauri Nguna Silmoli Epi Vaemali D D D HC D HC D HC FF FF FF PF PF FF PF PF ND ND ND Yes ND Yes No ND ND ND ND Yes ND Yes No ND 34 Emae Vaemauri HC Efate Vila Central Hospital Ref.
H Tanna Green Hill Tanna Ikiti Tanna Imaki Tafea Tanna Kitow (Nagus Kasaru) Tanna Lamlu (St Raphael) HC D HC HC D Tanna Lenakel Prov.
H Tanna Luonanen (Iouanhanen) D Tanna Whitesands Aneityum Yorien HC D Penama Pentecost Abwantuntora (Mauna) HC Pentecost Angoro Pentecost Aute Pentecost Bay Barrier Maewo Kerepei Pentecost Ledunsivi Pentecost Melsisi Pentecost Namaram Maewo Nasawa Pentecost Pangi Malampa Ambrym Baiap Paama Liro Ambrym Nebul Ambrym Utas *ND no data D D D HC HC HC D D HC HC HC HC HC PF FF PF NF PF NF FF PF FF FF PF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF PF FF PF No Yes No Yes Yes No ND Yes ND Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes ND No No Yes No Yes Yes No ND Yes ND Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes ND No Graph 5.
Communicable Disease Services Availability for Health Centre (9) and Dispensaries (13) e l b a l i a v a i s e c v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Diagnosis and treatment of malaria Diagnosis and treatment of TB Diagnosis and treatment of yaws Service % Before % After 35 The treatment of selected communicable diseases has been reduced due to the unavailability of microscopy and rapid tests, and of essential medicines (Graph 5).
e l b a l i a v a s e c i v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Syndromic management of STI Standard precautions Availability of free condoms Emergency contraception Service % Before % After Graph 6.

STI and sexual violence services availability for Health Centre (9) and Dispensaries (13) Sexual Transmissible Infections and sexual violence services have been disrupted due to damage to supplies, in particular stock out of essential drugs (Graph 6).
The level of availability of services for sexual violence, such provision of emergency contraception, were extremely low well before the cyclone, highlighting an area that need special attention in the planning of the health sector recovery.

Graph 7.
Graph 7.

Newborn Child Health Services Availability for Health Centre (9) and Dispensaries (13) e l b a l i a v a s e c i v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Postpartum care Family planning Antenatal acre Skilled care during childbirth Service % Before % After Maternal and newborn care-related services had an overall moderate decrease after the cyclone, but the situation is still alarming in this area.
Indeed, maternal and neonatal mortality has been high in Vanuatu compared to the other Pacific island countries.

The attendance of deliveries by skilled birth attendants has to be improved particularly in the rural areas, as well the quality of care of these services.

Priority attention will be needed in planning selected interventions in the health sector recovery phase.

36 Graph 8.
Non Communicable Diseases and Environmental Health Services Availability for Health Centre (9) and Dispensaries (13) e l b a l i a v a s e c i v r e s f o % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hypertension treatment Diabetes treatment Mental health care Service %Before %After Health facility safe waste disposal Outreach environmental health services While the availability of treatment of chronic conditions shows a moderate reduction, it shows a marked reduction for mental health, where the pre-cyclone level was already low.
The need to provide care for mental disorders at primary care will need to be addressed possibly starting during the recovery phase.

The outreach of environmental health services is coherent with the other reduction of outreach services in the school health and home visits, as highlighted in the previous paragraph, and it is related to the increased workload for curative services at the health facilities.
The resumption of community based public health intervention is a priority to be addressed in the next phase.

37 D. EDUCATION KEY FINDINGS 1.

88 facilities, 32% of those assessed, were found to be completely destroyed.

2.

The three most immediate priorities identified by key informants at the assessed schools are (1) repairing damaged facilities (64%), (2) ensuring the safety of students and teachers (46%), and (3) establishing!

Temporary Learning Spaces (45%).

3.


Schools in Shefa and Tafea Provinces have the largest numbers of totally and partially damaged facilities.

They also report the largest drop in access to toilets at education facilities - only 9% of schools toilets function in assessed schools in Shefa and 12% in Tafea.

4.

Of the assessed schools, 17 reported the need for support in the provision of food to their students.

responded to having feeding program in schools.

5.
5.

All assessed schools reported a need for basic WASH kits.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Provide assistance in repairing damaged school facilities.

2.

Provide teaching and learning resources to damaged schools.

3.

Distribute basic WASH kits to affected schools.

4.

Address the need for safe drinking water at affected schools.

5.

Address the inability to pay school fees of some of the affected people.

6.

Provide food for students at boarding schools.


OVERVIEW Many School Heads, teachers, and Zone Curriculum Advisors (ZCAs) expressed their concern regarding school infrastructures.

A total of 209 schools have been assessed in all selected assessment sites including Early Child Care Education (ECCE) facilities, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools and a few Rural Training Centres (RTCs).
From the assessment data, 584 students enrolled in the assessed schools have been affected by TC Pam, however the real numbers are expected to exceed the above figure as, due to limited time spent on ground during the assessment, most of the enrolment figures were not completed.

SCHOOL FACILITIES A total of 179 schools out of the 209 assessed schools have been asked on the level of damage on their school facilities and such information can be viewed below in chart 1.
Chart 2 shows the Overall percentage, seeing 32% of the school facilities have been totally destroyed, 38% have been damaged but can be repaired such as re-roofing, and repairing rain water tanks etc.

16% suffered minor or limited damage that can be easily repaired and 14% with no damage at all.
38 Chart 1: School Facility Assessment by Level of Damage School Facilities by level of damages & by Province 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 No Damage Totally Destroyed Major Damage Minor Damage Penama Malampa Shefa Tafea Chart 2: Percentage in total of all School Facilities by Level of Damages Percentage of level of Damages to Primary and Secondary School Facilities assessed 10 13 24 35 No damage Totally Destroyed Major Damage Minor Damage No data available 16 Percentage of total destruction of primary/secondary schools and kindergartens: primary/secondary schools 187 kindergartens 218 46% 54% OTHER NEEDS AREAS IN EDUCATION The Education in-depth assessment also evaluated WASH needs, access to safe drinking water, availability of learning and teaching resources and other essential needs in schools.
One of the questions asked during the assessment was the type of support that was most essential for schools or any learning centres after the cyclones.

Schools were also asked to list their top three 39 priorities.

The assessment data was sourced from 173 schools that provided a response to this part of the assessment form.

36 assessed schools did not provide or complete this part of the form.
Table 1 shows other essential needs are indicated such as providing school materials, teaching & learning materials, psychosocial support and school feeding programs for schools both including primary and secondary boarding schools.
Table 1: Most Essential Needs for Damaged Schools or Learning Centres Province Repairing damaged Facilities Establis hing TLS Safety of Students and Teachers Torba Penama Malampa Shefa Tafea Total 2 23 25 17 21 88 0 14 12 16 19 61 0 18 15 14 16 63 Providing school materials Providing teaching materials Providing PSS School Feeding (rations) Recruiting teachers Other None The most essential needs, as indicated by most damaged schools, were found to be the following: repairing the damaged facilities, ensuring safety of learners and teachers and establishing safe temporary learning spaces (TLS) for all children.
(See Table 2) Table 2: Three Most Essential Needs for damaged schools.

Province 1.

Repairing damaged Facilities 2.

Safety of Students and Teachers 3.

Establishing TLS Torba Penama Malampa Shefa Tafea Total 2 23 25 17 21 88 0 18 15 14 16 63 0 14 12 16 19 61 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE From the assessment data, there is a need for the Education to work with schools and partners in providing assistance in establishing proper and standardized toilets in schools.
173 schools have responded to this section of the form and before the cyclone there are a total of 165 toilets for boys and 155 for girls.

After the TC Pam, the figure decreased to a total of 96 toilets functioning for boys and 90 toilets for girls.

19 schools especially ECCE have indicated provided shared toilets for both boys and girls.

40 Chart 3: Percentage of Toilets functioning after the TC Pam, data captured from the assessment form.
Percentage of Toilets function after TC Pam from the Assessed Schools 12% 22% 30% 9% 27% Torba Penama Malampa Shefa Tafea Out of the 173 schools that have responded to the WASH need section; however the data captured only indicated in summary and note form that the schools need basic hygiene kits.

Most schools have suffered minor damages to their rain water tanks and few schools that have indicated water not safe to drink.
However there are a lot of schools still are without connection to water supply and are depending on rain water catchment, water from streams.

41 E. GENDER AND PROTECTION KEY FINDINGS 1.

Displacement continues to be a concern.

2.

Communication with affected communities has been a significant gap in the response so far.

3.

Physical security for the affected population is inadequate.

4.
4.

Insufficient attention given to housing, land and property issues including the impact of the cyclone on landless tenants, as well as the challenges faced in replacement of vital civil documentation.

5.

Reporting mechanisms and support services for survivors of gender based violence or child abuse are inadequate.

6.

Targeted assistance is needed for persons living with disabilities, female headed households and older persons.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Protection mainstreaming across all clusters to promote meaningful and impartial access, safety and dignity in the response.

2.

Protection Monitoring and displacement tracking.

3.

Communication with affected communities.

4.

Improved services for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and child abuse.

VULNERABILITY KEY FINDINGS 1.

Detailed sex, age and vulnerability status disaggregated data is needed KEY PRIORITIES 1.
Collection of sex, age and vulnerability data across affected areas OVERVIEW In the 73 communities surveyed during the assessment, 3,202 individuals were found to fall within the identified vulnerable group categories, as outlined in the table below.
Vulnerable groups Pregnant women Pregnant women who are soon ready to give birth Persons who have difficulty seeing Persons who have difficulty hearing # Individuals 387 191 298 187 42 Persons who have difficulty walking Persons who have difficulty thinking or concentrating Persons who have difficulty communicating or being understood Persons with chronic diseases / serious medical conditions Older persons Breastfeeding mothers Single-female headed HHs Single-male headed HHs Total Table 1: Vulnerable groups as found by DTM in 73 communities covered 114 72 55 104 571 604 411 208 3,202 The percentage of vulnerable individuals out of the total number of individuals was found to be greatest in Maewo (18%), Epi (17%), and Tanna (14%) islands Number of vulnerable people 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Figure 1: Number and percentage of vulnerable individuals by island and province Province Island Total # HHs Total # individuals Total # vulnerable individuals % Vulnerable Groups / Total individuals* Malampa Ambrym 1111 3504 Emae Malekula Paama Pele Penama Pentecost Maewo Shefa Efate Epi Makura Mataso Moso Nguna Tafea Aneityum Aniwa Emmerge Erromango Futuna Tanna 33 45 284 57 976 1315 203 180 1214 893 3735 Grand Total 6261 23434 Total number HHs and IDPs not captured for all communities assessed 309 29 40 217 159 1060 3202 4% 0% 1% 3% 2% 14% 14% DISPLACEMENT KEY FINDINGS 1.
Displacement remains a concern with persons temporarily residing in ad hoc evacuation centres, informal evacuation centres host family/community and informal settlements, thereby placing women, children and other vulnerable persons at heightened risk KEY PRIORITIES IOM to roll out Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) across Vanuatu 1.

2.
2.

Protection Monitoring of safety and security of persons in evacuation centres (formal and informal) OVERVIEW Displacement is fluid with most IDPs engaged in return and reconstruction planning.

Intentions towards relocation are not known.

The number of people still displaced as a result of TC Pam is unconfirmed due to the limited access to affected areas and the challenged associated with tracking people who are temporarily residing with host families.
People internally displaced by TC Pam (IDPs) are seeking temporary accommodation in a variety of contexts including: • While formal Evacuation Centres (ECs) have mostly closed, a significant number of ad hoc or informal sites remain open.

In Tanna Island, a large number (to be confirmed) of such centres are primarily located in schools.

The downward trend of the numbers people in ECs continues as communities rebuild.
However, protection concerns associated with displacement of this nature have been outlined throughout the protection assessment.

In the ECs visited in Tanna, some were housing up to 19 households (HH) in one EC.

Another EC reported 30 HH.

Some of the persons staying in the ECs are the teachers from the destroyed schools.
Confirmed/unconfirmed Status Total Confirmed Unconfirmed Total Open Open Total Table 2: Ad hoc Evacuation Centres open in Tanna 13 12 28 • In the majority of rural communities where persons were still displaced, and particularly in Shefa and Tafea Provinces, they were primarily staying with extended family or community members (“informal ECs”).
These contexts often pose the greatest protection concerns, including the 44 projected increase in family violence, the reality that most perpetrators of GBV and child abuse are trusted members of family/community, the overcrowded living conditions and inadequate privacy within informal ECs, limited resources, discrimination, increased stress levels, and barriers to monitoring these private domains.
• In Port Vila, the IDP working group identified temporary or informal settlements where displaced people from other areas resided in poor conditions.

In some cases, male community members had returned to the islands to rebuild therefore creating a temporary increase in female- headed households (FHH).

The inherent risks for FHH are compounded by the low socio- economic status of these settlements, the increase in crime and the access to illegal substances documented in these communities.
Overcrowded living conditions and limited WASH facilities raise additional red flags for the safety and wellbeing of these people.

COMMUNICATION WITH AFFECTED COMMUNITIES KEY FINDINGS 1.

Communication with affected communities is a significant gap in the humanitarian response to date.

Affected communities are not informed of humanitarian assistance plans thereby preventing communities from making informed decisions related to self-recovery 2.
Consultation with and participation of affected communities must be strengthened throughout response and recovery phases KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Accurate and timely information dissemination to affected populations on plans, processes and timelines that affect their lives (in formats accessible to all affected including the most vulnerable, illiterate, children) so that they can make informed choices 2.
Support to avenues for meaningful participation of affected communities (including vulnerable persons) to ensure affected population play an active role in all stages of response and recovery OVERVIEW Lack of information was consistently reported as a grievance by all respondents in all assessment locations.
Distributions often came a surprise to communities which were expected to mobilise at short notice, increasing the likelihood of certain community members – usually those most vulnerable - being left out of the process.
• • • In Tanna, Ambrym, Pentecost, Futuna, Erromango, Paama, Aneityum and Epi, all communities reported that there was little to no information on available humanitarian assistance, including timeframes or items to be included in distributions, the plans for shelter or other assistance, or any of the discussions or planning that was underway at national level.
In Tanna, Pentecost, Futuna, Erromango and Epi, it was reported that distributions were being allocated unfairly and In Epi, Aneityum, Futuna and Tanna, respondents noted that there had been disputes over distributions already.

This was not specifically addressed in the assessment questionnaire but was raised by community members as a concern; therefore it does not exclude the possibility that similar concerns are felt by community members in other locations.
Initial scoping missions across affected communities in and 45 around Port Vila corroborate these findings.

The top three topics the communities are requesting information on include shelter (49%), distribution (46%) and other relief assistance (38%).

What is the main topic the community is requesting information on?
Shelter Distributions Access to services Other relief assistance How to get information Safety and secutity Registration Information on support to return to community Situation in area of origin 4% Other 7% 49% 46% 36% 38% 16% 16% 11% 13% PHYSICAL SECURITY FOR AFFECTED PEOPLE KEY FINDINGS 1.

Increased crime (including family violence) was evident in a number of communities and women and children are at increased risk accessing water and food KEY PRIORITIES 1.
Protection Monitoring to gather regular and timely information on safety and security concerns for displaced persons and host families OVERVIEW There is no dedicated police presence in almost all of the affected communities and no female police officers.

Crime, conflict and disputes are primarily dealt with by the Chief of the village.

Sample scoping missions in the outer areas of Port Vila corroborated these findings.
Additional surge support during the response and early recovery phases may be necessary in affected areas, as: • Respondents in Tanna, Pentecost and Epi reported increase in conflicts (for example over existing resources) and in Erromango, Futuna and Ambyrm community tensions and responses by communities flagged the likelihood of conflicts in the near future.
• Increase in crime such as stealing/looting was reported in Epi, Aneityum, Erromango and an increase in child crime was noted in all assessment locations.

46 • At least two assessed locations reported people had been killed by violence since the cylcone, three reported violent injuries and two - physical abuse.

The assessment did not specifically identify instances of abuse in the context of displacement because enumerators were trained to discourage disclosure of such sensitive cases.
However, the security risks for women and children in crowded conditions are well known and there is currently no monitoring for the safety and security of persons living in informal evacuation centres.
Respondents in most rural communities in Tanna, Ambrym, Pentecost, Maewo, Futuna, Erromango, Paama, Malaluka, Merelava and Epi all highlighted that there was nowhere for women or children to report violence except to the chief and in a number of focus groups, women said that women and children did not feel safe.

Distance to travel to access basic needs such as water pose notable security and safety issues.

Water sources were significant distances from the village in some locations.
There is no lighting and no security presence in these locations therefore placing women and children at heightened risk.

Half of respondents in initial assessments stated that children and women do not feel safe collecting food and water.

In Tanna, Ambrym, Pentecost, Futuna, Erromango, Paama, Aneityum, Merelava and Epi, respondents noted that latrine and bathing facilities were increasingly unsafe for women, children and persons living with disabilities.
Many of these facilities were destroyed during the cyclone, therefore, large numbers of people are forced to share.

Five locations reported evacuations that separated families from vulnerable individuals such as women, children, and people living with disabilities (PLWD) or older persons.

Five locations reported that vulnerable persons had been left unattended at medical centres.

HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY ISSUES KEY FINDINGS 1.


Land related issues such as encroachment, land disputes and impacts for landless persons were highlighted as current and emerging concerns 2.

Replacement of civil documentation is urgently needed KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Undertake lands needs assessment and implement measures to address land related issues 2.
Advocate for waiver of fees for the replacement of civil documentation together with information campaign on the processes for replacement, ensuring procedures are accessible to widows, female headed households, older persons, illiterate, landless persons and persons with disabilities OVERVIEW Whilst no specific Land assessment was undertaken, the Gender and Protection Cluster received a number of anecdotal indications that the potential for land disputes is high in some communities.
Other issues which were noted as potentially contentious in the coming months include the likelihood that people will opt to return to community land from urban dwellings and reclaim previously “owned” land.

As there are no titles to land in the communities, there are likely to be conflicts over land and resources.

Salt water from the cyclone has made some of the land infertile and therefore encroachment is likely.
A number of people will need to relocate because of landslides and the process for allocation is unclear.

Respondents indicated that the chief was responsible for allocation of plots in the village, however, measures need to be in place to ensure that this is fairly distributed accounting for the needs of 47 vulnerable and marginalised groups.

Notably, four (4) locations reported that people have been forced to leave their homes.
The replacement of personal documentation will be a prerequisite for effective response and recovery.

Assessments revealed that most people have lost their civil documentation during the cyclone.

Birth certificates, marriage certificates, school and work records, as well as other essential items to enable a return to normal life have been lost.

Respondents expressed that they did not know how to have these replaced and, those that did, were unable to afford it.
The concerns related to replacement of civil documentation was noted by respondents in Tanna, Ambrym, Pentecost, Maewo, Futuna, Erromango, Paama, Malakula, Aneityum, Merelava and Epi.

CHILD PROTECTION KEY FINDINGS 1.

There are no child-friendly reporting avenues for children experiencing abuse and inadequate support services to respond to cases of child abuse.

KEY PRIORITIES 1.
KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Improved services mechanisms and support services for children experiencing abuse including child-friendly reporting OVERVIEW Although child protection was not identified as a priority concern within the assessment findings, it must be considered in all phases of the humanitarian response and recovery.

Only one case of a separated child was identified.

Communities demonstrated remarkable capacities to ensure the safety of children during evacuations.
The following child protection issues were raised: • 90% of the locations identified children exposed to hazards either in their recreational space or on route to school; • Three (3) communities reported cases of child abuse.

Existing systems are insufficient to protect against child abuse with no identified child-friendly reporting mechanisms and no known child-friendly procedures to respond to incidents of child abuse.
In one location 5 it was specifically observed that children/women show signs of abuse; • Almost all communities noted an increase in petty crime by children since TC Pam, which is a common manifestation of psychological distress.

In one location it was also noted that there was an increase in drug use by adolescents; • Children will be required to miss school to assist with the replanting of crops, because in many communities crops are exchanged as a means of paying school fees.
5 As it is likely to have been present in more than one location, the assessment team has chosen not to identify the location in the present report 48 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE KEY FINDINGS 1.

In the majority of surveyed communities, women who experience GBV have no avenues to report or to access necessary support services, including for healthcare, police, counselling and transitional shelter KEY PRIORITIES 1.
Strengthening of avenues for accessing comprehensive multi-sectoral service for GBV survivors in affected communities.

OVERVIEW Vanuatu has extremely high pre-existing rates of violence against women.

Around 60% of currently or previously married women had experienced physical and/or sexual violence, and around 69% had experienced emotional violence and/or coercive control.
Women in Vanuatu also experience high rates of violence committed by people other than intimate partners – around 48% have experienced physical or sexual violence committed by someone other than a husband or partner.

Non-partner physical abuse is reported by roughly 28% of women, and is largely committed by male family members.

33% of women have experienced non-partner sexual abuse, largely committed by boyfriends or male family members.
Assessment findings confirm that the majority of women in sites surveyed have minimal or no access to any formal services for the comprehensive treatment of physical and/or sexual violence.

In all but one of the islands surveyed and in the clear majority of communities (not disaggregated to community level), it was noted that women and children have nowhere to report violence or abuse other than the chief of their community.
Chiefs, when interviewed, displayed a strong inclination towards reconciling family units and maintaining community cohesiveness, as opposed to assisting women to find safe and secure avenues for support.

Where previous cases had involved police, it was largely in cases of child rape, and then only as a last resort (with community cohesiveness frequently cited as a reason not to involve police in any cases of violence).
Although chiefs and other authority figures clearly viewed response to violence as their responsibility, and there was widespread acknowledgement that intervention is necessary in cases of violence, the immediate and ongoing needs of the victim were not prioritised in situations where a response was initiated.

Where Committees Against Violence Against Women (KAVAWs) existed in communities, they were both trusted and viewed as a functional avenue for women to report violence or seek assistance.
However they are not present in the majority of communities, were not generally understood to respond to child abuse, and were not in a position to refer to the necessary formal services in the majority of cases.

Surveyed communities also featured inadequate access to healthcare staff able to appropriately manage cases of physical and/or sexual violence.
Health Cluster assessments identify a stark drop in access to emergency contraception, available in 45% of surveyed health facilities prior to the cyclone, but only 18% after the disaster.

Additionally, Gender and Protection Cluster assessment identified that rape/PEP kits were not available in any of the surveyed communities.
This is unsurprising given the previously acknowledged deficits in Vanuatu’s healthcare systems, but is likely to have a heavier impact on women in cyclone affected communities, given the likely increase in GBV following the disaster.
The majority of communities were reliant on aid posts or village health workers rather than formal healthcare services – these staff are not trained or appropriately resourced to recognise or respond to physical or 49 sexual violence, and have minimal understanding of multi-sectoral referral protocols.

Where formal health clinics exist, nurses were noted as more likely to safely and confidentially refer to police and counselling services.
However, many communities are not within accessible distance of by formal health services, and even where they are and the health workers are able and willing to refer to additional services, there is often then a prohibitively long (more than 5 hours walk in some cases) distance to access police and other services.

FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS KEY FINDINGS 1.


Female Headed Households were consistently identified in surveyed communities as the most heavily impacted cohort, in terms of safety, security, and access to humanitarian assistance.

KEY PRIORITIES 2.

Targeted action to identify female headed households and support their equitable access to humanitarian assistance.
OVERVIEW In the 73 communities covered by the IOM DTM, 411 persons were identified as female heads of household, with the highest concentrations on Tanna (218 households), Epi (38 households).

Findings consistently identified female-headed households (FHH) as the most vulnerable group in terms of safety, security, accessibility for distributions and general impacts of the cyclone.

Cumulative vulnerability was also consistently noted in cases where FHH are elderly, PLWD, or experiencing displacement.
Female heads of household are particularly noted as unable to access distributions of food, water and NFIs, and as experiencing additional hardship due to ad hoc shelter arrangements.

As with other vulnerable groups, communities at large reported that they were collectively looking after the needs of FHH, however once FHH themselves were interviewed, it became clear that these ad hoc systems were not fully functional.
FHH were particularly reported as relying heavily on community and extended family assistance for shelter reconstruction – this assistance was not consistently available.

In any case, even where ad hoc community mechanisms are currently functional, there is a risk they will break down as the community transitions into recovery.

PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN KEY FINDINGS 1.

Pregnant and lactating women are at risk of negative health impacts as a result of dietary deficiencies KEY PRIORITIES 1.
Food security interventions targeted to the specific needs of pregnant and lactating women.

50 OVERVIEW The majority of surveyed communities reported problems in accessing foods suitable for pregnant and lactating women, and predicted health problems into the future for these groups, given the destruction of food gardens.
In particular, pregnant and lactating women were concerned about the potential health impacts of the lack of green vegetables in their diets, and the implications for foetal and child health.

The highest concentrations of lactating women was located on Maewo (67 individuals) and Moso Island (8% of total respondents).

PERSONS LIVING WITH DISABILITIES KEY FINDINGS 1.


Assessments revealed Assessments revealed that in the majority of surveyed communities PLWD are not able to access water, toilet and bathing facilities and many reported unfair allocation of distributions of PLWD KEY PRIORITIES 1.
Prioritisation of PLWD in reconstruction efforts and specific measures for distributions including household drops where PLWD are identified in communities OVERVIEW In a number of observations, PLWD were not visible within the community, although they were acknowledged as part of the communities when discussed in relation to evacuations.
The conspicuous absence of PLWD may be a result of cultural stigmas associated with PLWD, but also indicates that targeted assistance is needed including, for example, replacement of mobility devices, visual and hearing aids, and PSS support.

All but one of the locations indicated that toilets were not accessible for persons living with disabilities.

Similarly, bathing facilities were not accessible for PLWD in all but two locations visited.
In Tanna and Pentecost, five focus groups specifically noted that WASH facilities are not safe/accessible for PLWD.

Similarly, in Ambrym, Pentecost, Erromango, Futuna, Paama, Malakula, Aneityum, Epi and Merelava respondents noted that WASH facilities were not safe/accessible for PLWD.

Additionally, in many communities, PLWD reported unequal or unfairly allocated distributions, despite the reported existence of support measure via extended families and communities.
In Tanna it was noted that material assistance is needed for PLWD including replacement of mobility devices, visual and hearing aids.

In many communities, these devices were not common prior to TC Pam, however, given the increased burden on caregivers, the barriers to accessing essential services and the overcrowded living conditions, provision of targeted assistance for these items is increasingly important.
Disabilities in assessment locations Persons who have difficulty seeing Persons who have difficulty hearing Persons who have difficulty walking Number 211 125 87 51 Persons who have difficulty thinking or concentrating Persons who have difficulty communicating or being understood 44 34 OLDER PERSONS KEY FINDINGS 1.

Community mechanism are in place for older persons, however, there is an increased reliance on family members.
This reliance has psychological impacts for older persons and is a burden on caregivers KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Targeted assistance and outreach for older persons in affected communities OVERVIEW Older persons represented the highest percentage of vulnerable groups in Maewo (56), Epi (90), Tanna (134) and Moso (5%) islands.

Assessment results did not reveal specific findings on the effects of the cyclone on older persons; however, concerns for this group was raised in a number of FGDs.
Some included the psychosocial impact for many older persons who are temporarily living with their children.

It was noted that it was considered culturally inappropriate for them to live with children for extended periods of time, and that this was having negative impacts on the dignity and psychosocial well-being of older persons in this position.
The distance to medical/health facilities was raised consistently as a challenge for rural communities, this will disproportionately affect older persons and persons with chronic illness.

More information is needed to understand the full effect of the disaster on older persons in this context, suffice to say that anecdotal evidence suggests that they should be prioritised in efforts to restore independence.

MAINSTREAMING KEY FINDINGS 1.


Protection mainstreaming is a critical need as vulnerable groups are not receiving equal access to humanitarian assistance and risks to the safety and dignity of vulnerable groups KEY PRIORITIES 1.

Protection to be mainstreamed in all humanitarian response interventions 52 OVERVIEW Assessment findings consistently highlighted that protection mainstreaming is a significant gap in the humanitarian response from assessments include: to date.
Some examples of mainstreaming priorities emerging • Distributions: Assessments found that distributions are not consistently and equitably reaching affected populations.

Depending on the community structures and the distance to the Area Secretary, some vulnerable members of the community were either not receiving their rations or were receiving unequal portions.
This is particularly the case where PLWD, older persons and female headed households who rely on family members to collect their distributions for them.

Distributions so far have not been targeted to communities/individuals with greatest need • WASH: In many communities the water sources is a significant distance from the community, therefore making access difficult for PLWD and older persons.

Women and children reported that they did not feel safe collecting water.
• The number of persons sharing bathing and latrine facilities poses safety risks for women and children, particularly as there are few latrines with locks and no lighting.

Facilities were also reported to be inaccessible for PLWD • Shelter: Most locations highlighted the need to prioritise shelter assistance for Female Headed Households.
Other priorities were older persons and PLWD who will rely on families to support their reconstruction • Education: Many households are unable to afford school fees in the coming months which not only jeopardises the return to normalcy for children (critical for psychosocial well-being) but has indirect impacts on increased child labour and other negative coping strategies (such as crime and drug use).
• Health: The distance to health facilities was reported as a problem in a number of communities on both rounds of assessments, particularly for pregnant and lactating women (in one community it was 5 hours walk).
Also see abovementioned findings related to pregnant and lactating women and GBV Assessments revealed an urgent need to mainstream protection in the response and recovery phases including: distribution monitoring, development of vulnerability criteria for targeted assistance and establishment feedback mechanisms in communities.
53 F. EARLY RECOVERY, AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS In coordination with government, UNDP sent a team of 17 assessors to the 4 provinces, mainly from UNDP and other UN agencies, and in total 59% females and 41% males.

A total of 1273 people were consulted in the field, of these 55% were women and 45% men.

Respondents comprised a mix of professions, including chiefs, provincial officials, health workers, teachers, and many households.
From the field visits, it is clear that the Cyclone Pam has very negatively and heavily affected the livelihoods of people, thus severely limiting their capacities to generate income for their household for the next few months.

Community infrastructure was also extensively damaged and destroyed, disrupting daily life and requiring extra expenditures to repair or replace, at a time when incomes have been lost.

Damages and losses are comparatively more apparent and extensive in Tafea and Shefa provinces.
In Tafea and Shefa, field observations showed an estimated 95% of income sources interrupted by the cyclone, while in Penama and Malampa an estimated 75% of income sources had ceased.
A different set of detailed assessments currently under analysis by the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster (FSAC) shows that food availability, accessibility and sources of livelihood remains significantly affected, particularly for the priority one areas including the islands of Tanna, Erromango, North Efate, Shepherd, Pentecost and Epi.

Data from FSAC assessments shows that damage to agriculture has been extensive.
As much as 75% of coconut, 80% of coffee, 80% of leaf vegetables, 70% of taro and 65% of was assessed as damaged will not recover in the priority one areas.

Agricultural equipment and assets worth over VT 34,500,00 were damaged or destroyed.

Pigs (69%), poultry (26%), fishing equipment (and bee hives (5%) were all significantly affected and this has a negative impact on the availability of protein for households.
Women are somewhat more affected than men, given their higher poverty levels and their disproportionate share of family care work in Vanuatu, Both of these pre-existing factors were aggravated by the cyclone impacts on income, and also increase in unpaid work and family care requirements.

LIVELIHOODS KEY FINDINGS 1.

Men and women showed significant differences in usual livelihoods, and men’s usual livelihoods were more profitable in general 2.
Usual livelihoods for men in these locations include: fishing (tuna, marlin, reef fish), lobster, coconut crabs, sandalwood, and in some islands cash crops such as kava, copra and cacao, shops 3.

Usual livelihoods for women in these locations include: weaving mats and baskets, sales of prepared foods at the markets, sewing clothes for sale, vegetable gardens 4.
Overlap in gardens and farming, in which both men and women tend to work for subsistence and also at the markets; also to some extent services and accommodation for tourists, in a few places surveyed 5.

While fishing is dominated by men, women engage in some fishing from the shore and on the reef KEY PRIORITIES Improve availability of, and access to, food.

1.

2.

Rehabilitation, maintenance, and diversification of agricultural livelihood systems, strategies and assets.

3.
3.

Coordinate emergency assistance activities, such as clearing paths to gardens, provision of seeds and replanting material.

54 OVERVIEW Detailed assessments currently under analysis show that food availability, accessibility and sources of livelihood remain significantly affected, particularly for the islands of Tanna, Erromango, Rural Efate and Efate offshore islands, Shepherd Islands and Epi.

Assessment data shows that damage to agriculture has been extensive.
As much as 75% of coconut, 80% of coffee, 80% of leaf vegetables, 70% of taro and 65% of kumala was irretrievably damaged.

Agricultural equipment and assets worth over VT 34,500,000 were damaged or destroyed.

Pigs (69%), poultry (26%), fishing equipment and bee hives (5%) were all significantly affected, with a devastating impact on the availability of protein for households.
While immediate emergency food security needs are being met for the majority of those affected, the devastating impact of the cyclone on agricultural lands and livelihoods requires significant investment and planning for early recovery activities and is an important part of assisting affected populations to return to their pre-cyclone standard.
The following table summarizes the status of various key livelihoods activities in the locations surveyed, and estimated timelines to restore full productivity: Livelihood Profitability – low/ med/ high Post-cyclone status and issues Time to full restoration (estimate) Fishing – tuna, marlin, reef fish high Lobster and coconut crabs high Sandalwood high Cannot be easily located 4 months Cannot be located, may be gone 4 months Some seedlings destroyed, but trees manly intact 3 months Weaving handicrafts medium Pandanus all destroyed 12 months Veg and fruit sales- local low Largely wiped out 3-6 months Veg and fruit sales – to Vila and Tanna medium Mainly destroyed 3-6 months Kava Copra Cocoa Other crops high high medium medium Sewing- for local sale low Prepared foods – local sale low Tourist services medium Largely wiped out 4 years Largely wiped out 12 months Largely wiped out 12 months Only root crops left in most locations 3-6 months Sewing machines damaged and lost variable Not possible in current conditions 6 months Interrupted due to damage and lack of transport variable 55 Guesthouses and restaurants medium Many damaged and closed variable A summary of findings from people surveyed on the islands, showing the relative proportion of each livelihood source, is as follows: Livelihoods – all 4 provinces 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 *Numbers refer to the number of communities that reported these livelihoods, during the field assessment.
COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE KEY FINDINGS 1.

While bigger buildings, such as schools, are already being repaired in some locations, there was widespread destruction of community infrastructure, which people rely on for their daily lives and work KEY PRIORITIES 1.
The community infrastructure reported most often as damaged and in need of repair includes: water tanks, taps, rainwater harvesting systems and wells; fences and enclosures for small livestock, such as pigs and chickens; kindergartens, for children aged 3 to 6 years old; toilets and latrines; nakamals, community halls and women’s centres; community kitchens; paths blocked by debris; local shops.
56 OVERVIEW An overall summary of types of community infrastructure most often reported as damaged in the 4 provinces surveyed, and a gender-differentiated analysis is as follows: Community infrastructure needing repair – overall 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Community infrastructure – gender differences 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 men women Women and men showed substantial similarities in their prioritization of community infrastructure requiring repair after the cyclone.
Men had a moderate preference for clearing paths, road repair and rebuilding shops – the latter are mainly owned by the men.

Damages to any of these community infrastructure items creates hardships for people and prevents returning to normalcy.

For example, destruction of kindergartens means that local women must spend more time attending to small children.

In most locations surveyed, approximately 30 children ages 3 to 6 years old attend each kindergarten.
As reported under the PDNA, Tafea province had 120 kindergartens, only 8 of which are now functioning, as the rest have been destroyed by the cyclone.
57 PRIORITY RECOVERY NEEDS Short-term - up to 12 months Program of Activity Responsible Agency Improve immediate household availability of and access to food NDMO,FSAC Repair and re-open marketplaces in Port Vila and other key locations – for handicrafts, food and vegetable sales Municipalities, DLA Waive school fees for 2015 and 2016 Open sandalwood season early, so that people can sell to earn income Initiate gender-balanced temporary employment or cash-for-work programmes in Efate, Tafea and Shefa Ministry of Education and Training (MET) Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock , Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity UNDP, other partners Facilitate purchase of pandanus from unaffected islands, so that women in the affected locations can resume weaving DLA, partners Implement debris management programs in affected locations to clear paths and repair community infrastructure DLA, UNDP Establish local carpentry workshops, to recycle useable wood debris for housing repair and making furniture DLA, UNDP Provide more seeds and seedlings for short-cycle crops for affected communities Provide fisheries experts to help locate fish and crustaceans in each affected location Provide forestry experts to assess damages to sandalwood trees Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock , Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity Dept Fisheries - Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock , Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity Dept Forestry - Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock , Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity 58 Medium to long-term – 1 to 4 years Program of Activity Promote tourism to Vanuatu through special packages and offers, and strategically targeted marketing Responsible Agency Ministry of Trade, Industry, Commerce and Tourism Seek increased quota of ni-Vanuatu seasonal workers for fruit picking in New Zealand Labour Dept – Ministry of Internal Affairs Rehabilitation, maintenance and diversification of agriculture livelihood systems, strategies and assets.
Ministry of Agriculture, FSAC Support rural women with micro-grants to re-establish small local businesses Implement and expand “Markets for Change” programme to improve income and working conditions for women market vendors in rural and urban areas Provide solar-powered freezers for storage of fish for sale Dept Women at Ministry of Justice and Community Services DLA, UNWomen, UNDP Min Women, DLA, UNWomen, UNDP Ministry of Climate Change DLA, donors Train men and women in the maintenance and repair of solar batteries and equipment, as an alternative livelihood Ministry of Climate Change, UNDP GEF Provide solar-powered systems for copra drying Ministry of Climate Change, UNDP GEF 59 ANNEXES ANNEX I: COMPOSITION OF ASSESSMENT TEAMS ANNEX II: AREA OF COVERAGE AND LOGISTICS PLANS ANNEX III: ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRES BY CLUSTER OR THEMATIC AREA ANNEX IV: ASSESSMENT DEBRIEF CHECKLIST 60 ANNEX I: COMPOSITION OF ASSESSMENT TEAMS Tranche One: Shefa and Tafea Provinces, 1-2 April 2015 CLUSTER ORGANISATION NAME Team 1 (Epi Island) James Melteres Rebecca Callendar Hilary Dragicevic Reidrian (Yany) Aru Damien Farrell Karina Coates Jimmy Nippo Team 2 (Epi Island) Cobin Ngwero Wesly Donald Petersen Michel Stuart Kent Joe Lani Andrew Moses Pip Ross Sean Torbit Education Shelter Food Security and Livelihood WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Early recovery Education Health Shelter Food Security and Livelihood WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Early recovery MOET VM OXFAM ADRA MJCS OCHA MFAT MOET MOH VCC OXFAM DGMWR DWA UN WOMEN MFAT MOET MOJCS DGMWR MOJCS Team 3 (Tongoa, Tongariki and Buninga Islands) Education Jean Marie Virelala Shelter Willy Bong WASH Morris Stephens Gender & Protection Tim Walsh Early recovery UNDP Photo credit: Karina Coates | OCHA Team 4 (Emae, Makira and Mataso Islands) Geoffrey Tari Jenifer Manua Abed Daniel Angela David Marc- Antoine Morel Team 5 (Tanna Island) Caleb Garae Arnaud Malases Mansen Roy Gaston Theophile Keith Ronu Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Health
 Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection MOET DWA DGMWR MOJCS UNDP MOH MOET VCC DGMWR CARE International Team 6 (Tanna Island) Saimon Saika Health MOH Emmanuel Arugaraesivi Roy Iauma Vano Esron Morris Cliff Janet Jack Krissie Hayes Sam Kaiapam Graham Tabi Team 7 (Tanna Island) Sergio Thomas Esau Nakat Mathias Bule Joseph Joel Leah Nimoho Knox Morris Team 8 (Tanna Island) Leipakoa Matariki Roy Ben Lee Tabi Thomas Rex Sam Kaiapam Dorah Wilson Team 9 (Erromango Island) Vanua Sikon Felicity Nilwo Leinsel Simon Graham Rovea Silke Von Brockhausen Karen Bernard Leias Kaltovei Arnold Steve Team 10 (Erromango Island) Oscar Matesen Jeffry Tari Chris Philip Niel Kalo David Maleke Graylene Lapi Education Shelter Gender & Protection WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Gender & Protection Health Education Shelter Agriculture WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Health Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Early recovery Gender & Protection Gender & Protection Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Team 11 (Aniwa, Futuna and Aneityum Islands) Thimothy Quai Liku Jimmy Morris Kerry Kylie Paul Jeral Tamao Warwick Kidd Matthew Hardwick Health Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Early recovery Team 12 (Pele and Emao Islands) Wendy Griffin Seman Dalesa Angela David Education Shelter Gender & Protection 1 MOET DWA DGWR UNDP UNDP MOJCS MOH MOET VRCS DARD DGMWR UNDP MOJCS MOH MOET VCC WHO ADRA UNDP MOH MOET MOJCS DGMWR UNDP UNDP MOJCS VCC MOET VMF DGMWR UNDP CARE International MOH MOET MOJCS ADRA MOJCS UNDAC UNDAC MOET DWA MOJCS Team A (Nguna Island) Caleb Garae Melvin Boesel Erick Emele Kalmar Albert Asmaa Shalabi Shirly Laban Team B (Moso and Ifira Islands) Wendy Griffin Seman Dalesa Roslyne Nase John Brian Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection MOH MOET DWA DGMWR UNDP OXFAM MOET DWA ADRA ADRA
 Tranche Two: Malampa, Penama and Torba Provinces, 7-8 April 2015 NAME CLUSTER ORGANISATION Team 1 (Mere Lava Island) Caleb Garae Virana Lini Niel Kalo Andrew Parker Jennifer Manua Team 2 (Maewo Island) Melvin Boesel Chris Kelep Knox Morris Asmaa Shalabi Abed David Olive Taurakoto Health Education WASH WASH and Education Gender & Protection Education Shelter Gender & Protection Early recovery WASH Early recovery Team 3 (Maewo and Pentecost Islands) Cobin Ngwero Jeff Ngwele Rosalie Paul Marck Antoine Morel Keith Rovo Susan Kaltovei Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Early recovery Team 4 (Pentecost Island) Sergio Thomas Raymond Misack Justin Peter Osnat Lubrani Lee Tabi Team 5 (Pentecost Island) Paolo Malatu Oztomea Bule Mason Reidrian (Yany) Aru Mathew Hardwick Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery 2 MOH MOET DGMWR UNICEF MOJCS MOET ADRA MOJCS UNDP DGMWR DFAT MOET VRCS ADRA UNDP VCC DFAT MOET VRDTCA DGMWR UNDP VCC OXFAM/ VHT MOET VCC ADRA UNDP MOH NDMO VRCS WHO ADRA UNDP MOH MOET VRCS ADRA UNDP MOH MOET VRCS ADRA ADRA UNDP WHO MOET VRCS VRCS ADRA MOH MOET VRCS DGMWR UNDP VRCS OXFAM MOH MOET MOJCS DGMWR VCRS MOJ Team 6 (Pentecost and Ambrym Islands) Wesley Donald Liku Jimmy Tobby Mael Thomas Rex Peter Ioko Silke Brockhausen Health Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection Early recovery Team 7 (Malakula Island) Esau Nakea James Melteres George Tor Roslyne Nase Yarom Swisa Rebecca Callendar Team 8 (Malakula Island) Saen Faunau Jeffrey Tari Jerry Anga John Brian Kylie Paul Donald Wouloseje Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Gender & Protection Health Education Shelter Gender & Protection WASH Early recovery Team 9 (Malakula and Ambrym Islands) Vanua Sikon Arnaud Malases Junior Fred Rex Bule Tissianna Ambi Health Education Shelter WASH Gender & Protection Team 10 (Ambrym Island) Markleen Takaro Emmanuel Arugaraesivi Kara Jenkinson Joe Lani David Malakai Ellis Lee Shirly
 Laban Health Education Shelter WASH Early recovery Health Gender & Protection Team 11 (Ambrym and Paama Islands) Timothy Quai Samuel Katiapa Willy Bong Kalmar Albert Scott Feke Mark Esrom Health Education Shelter WASH Shelter Gender & Protection 3 ANNEX II: Area of Coverage and Logistics Plans 4 5 ANNEX III: Assessment Questionnaires by Cluster or Thematic Area Photo credit: Karina Coates | OCHA Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 INITIAL RAPID ASSESSMENT (IRA) WASH FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM Section 1: Summary 1.1 ASSESSMENT TEAM Name Team Leader: Organization Title/position Contact Number 1.2 IRA SUMMARY Dates of Field Assessment: ___ /___ / ___ - ___ /___ / ___ Principal Contact(s) at this site where you are doing assessment: Name: ___________________________________________ Position in Community: _____________________________ Telephone: _______________________________________ GPS Coordinates: Easting: ___________Southing:______________________ Elevation: __________________________ Province: ___________________________ Area Council: _______________________ Island: _____________________________ Site Name or Village Name: P-Code (if applicable): _______________ (P-code provided by NDMO / UNOCHA) Source of information Key to be used throughout the questionnaire KI: Key Informant Interview !
GD: Group Discussion !
O: Observation 1.3 WASH SUMMARY OF THE SITUATION AT THIS SITE Source: O Write or list out a summary of WASH situation according to the following factors: • Overall judgment of the severity of needs identified: • Short-term outlook (whether the crisis is worsening or becoming less serious) • Problems and risks (natural hazards, population movements, bad weather, etc) • Population groups that are inaccessible (and if so, why) 1.4 Problems and priorities identified by the affected population Source: KI or GD (circle) Write / List below the overall WASH priorities - 1 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 1.5 WASH Key issues identified, by section, by severity ranking Source: O Key for severity ranking Red Orange Yellow Green Severe situation: urgent intervention required Situation of concern: surveillance required Lack of/unreliable data: further assessment required Relatively normal situation or local population able to cope with crisis; no action required Section R O Y G Key issues identified (maximum of 3) Recommendations Population Water supply Sanitation Hygiene Health risks and services.
Eg.

Water borne disease, diarrhoea Essential non-food items.eg.

Jerry Cans, soap, etc Other (specify) Section 2: Population Write down the names of your resource persons.

Remember to talk to men and women and children.

Name: Contact: Position: 2.1 Registration Source: KI or GD (circle) 2.1.1 H ave the affected people been registered (Check one)?

□ Yes □ No □ Not necessary □ DNK 2.1.2 If yes, which by which organization(s)?
- 2 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 2.2 Size of disaster-affected population Source: KI or GD (circle) 2.2.1 Total estimated current population of site: #HH_____________ # People______________ 2.2.2 Source of these population data (check all that apply) □ Estimate by local authorities □ Estimated from # households and # people per household □ Estimate by affected population □ Census/name list (specify date of census) □ Registration □ Other.
Eg.Aid/Health post/Church (specify) 2.3 Vulnerable Groups Source: KI or GD or O (circle) 2.3.1 If there is information suggesting that some groups are under- or over-represented (e.g.
women or girls, people with disabilities, ethnic or religious minorities), explain here: 2.3.2 Estimated number of infants without mothers or other long-term primary care-givers: # 2.4 Movement to and from this site Source: KI or GD or O (circle) 2.4.1 Is the population at this site increasing, decreasing, or staying about the same?

2.4.2 If changing, by how much (note time period, e.g.
number per day) □ Increasing □ Decreasing □ About the same ___________ per ________________ 2.5 Displaced population Source: KI or GD (circle) Only complete this section if part or all of the affected population is made up of internally displaced people 2.5.1 Location (or name) for place of origin of displaced people If different displaced groups are in this site, Indicate the origins separately for each.

2.5.2 Organisation of the settlement Check all that apply.
If different displaced groups are in this site, answer separately for each.

□ Camp in rural area □ Camp in urban area □ Do not know (DNK) □ Other (specify) □ Staying with host families in a rural area □ Staying with host families in an urban area □ Collective settlement in large buildings 2.5.3 Relations between the displaced and the host community?

(Check all that apply.)

□ Host community willing to assist □ Tensions □ Other (specify) □ Do not know (DNK) Write down the names of your resource persons.
Remember to talk to men and women and children.

Section 3: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Name: Contact: Position: - 3 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 3.1 Existing capacities and activities Source: KI or O (circle) Organization or person(s) responsible such as WASH Committee or NGO Since when?
Normal / current activities Limitations to capacity or performance (e.g., lack of staff, materials and equipment, funds, access) 3.1.1 Water supply 3.1.2 Sanitation 3.1.3 Hygiene 3.2 Water Supply Source: KI or O (circle) Water Source Record the sources of water available for the population at the site 3.2.1 Number of water sources of each type 3.2.2 Are people using this water source right now?

(Check if YES) 3.2.3 Are animals using this water source right now?
(Check if YES) TOTAL # # WORKING 3.2.4 Water source producing dirty-looking water?

(Check if YES) 3.2.5 What is the problem or will there be a problem (e.g., decrease, dirty, saltwater) in the future?

WHEN?
WHEN?

# BROKEN because of disaster Direct Gravity Flow with piped water In-Direct Gravity Flow (pumping) with piped water Rainwater Tank Borehole or well with motor pump Borehole / well with hand pump Protected spring Protected open well Unprotected spring Unprotected open well Surface water (specify if a lake, a river or other) Other: Specify, e.g.
Traditional water sellers No sources at all □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ - 4 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 3.3 Water Quantity Source: KI or GD or O (circle) 3.3.1 TOTAL amount of water storage available for the community Total capacity estimate in Litres: ______ Total number of tanks if applicable: ________ Total DAMAGED capacity estimate in Litres: ______ Total # of DAMANGED tanks: ________ Total FUNCTIONING capacity estimate in Litres: ______ Total # of FUNCTIONING tanks: ________ 3.3.2 Average quantity of water used per person per day for all uses (in litres) Drinking □ <3 liters □ >3 liters Cooking □ <3 liters □ >3 liters Hygiene □ <5 liters □ >5 liters Animals □ <5 liters □ >5 liters Washing clothes □ <5 liters □ >5 liters Other ___________________________ 3.3.3 Number of minutes on average it takes to collect total water supply for a household (incl.
travel, waiting and filling the containers) □ 0 - 15 mins □ 15 - 30 mins □ 30 – 60 mins □ > 60 mins 3.3.4 What is the number of households treating their water before drinking it by the following methods: □ Boiling: ___# HH □ Chlorine: ___ #HH □ Purification tablets: ___# HH □ Other: ___ #HH 3.3.5 What is the number of households where only safe water is used for drinking and cooking ?

3.3.6 Is there a likelihood of a critical shortfall in the quantity of water available per day within the next month?
3.3.7 What is the number of households with access to secure and private bathing facilities?

3.3.8 What is the number of households with access to safe and protected laundry facilities?
# _____________________ □ Yes □ No □ DNK □ Yes ___# HH □ No ___ #HH □ DNK □ Yes ___# HH □ No ___ #HH □ DNK 3.4 Sanitation Source: KI or GD or O (circle) Number of people currently using each of the places listed below to go to defecate: # Households Adults Children 3.4.1 In the open, bush, sol wota (open defecation, not in a defined and managed defecation area) #HH _____ 3.4.2 In a defined and managed defecation area #HH _____ 3.4.3 In public toilets (pit latrines, pour-flush latrines, flushing toilets etc.)
#HH _____ 3.4.4 In family toilets and shared family toilets (pit latrines, pour-flush latrines, flushing toilets etc.)
#HH _____ # Men______ #Women____ # Men______ #Women____ # Men______ #Women____ # Men______ #Women____ #Boys______ #Girls______ #Boys______ #Girls______ #Boys______ #Girls______ #Boys______ #Girls______ 3.4.5 Number of men and women washing hands with water and soap or a substitute after contact with faeces and before #HH _____ # Men______ #Boys______ - 5 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 contact with food and water OR % of village #Women____ #Girls______ 3.4.6 Average number of users per functioning toilet □ < 20 □ 21-50 □51-100 □>100 □ DNK 3.4.7 Total # of functioning toilets #____________ of functioning toilets 3.4.8 If there are toilets or latrines, are there separate facilities for girls and women?
(in camp or evacuation center setting) □ Yes □ No □ Do not know or not applicable 3.4.9 Is there adequate lighting at night time?

(in camp or evacuation center setting) □ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.10 If there are toilets/latrines, are the openings small enough to prevent children falling in?

(in camp or evacuation center setting) 3.4.11 Is there any evidence of faecal-oral diseases?
(e.g., diarrhea or cholera symptoms) □ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA □ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.12 Is there any solid waste on and around the site?

□ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.13 Is there an effective solid-waste management system after the disaster?

□ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.14 Is there any stagnant water on / around the site?

□ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.15 Is there a risk of water-induced damage at the site?
□ Yes □ No □ DNK / NA 3.4.16 Presence of □ human or □ animal faeces on the ground on and around the site (observation) □ substantial presence close to shelters (<20m) □ no substantial presence □ DNK □ substantial presence close to water sources (<20m) □ no substantial presence □ DNK 3.5 Hygiene and Non-Food Items (NFIs) Source: KI or GD or O (circle) Number of Households Possessing: 3.5.1 Soap 3.5.2 At least one clean narrow-necked or covered water container for drinking-water such as a jerry can or bucket with a lid 3.5.3 Appropriate sanitary protection materials for menstruation, and underwear, for women and girls (remember to ask this question to women and/or girls) 3.5.4 Water-treatment supplies and equipment # HH: # HH: # HH: # HH: 3.5.5 What is the average total capacity of water collection and storage containers at the household level?
______ Litres 3.5.6 What is the risk of fly-borne disease Source: O □ Low □ Medium □ High 3.6 Access and Equity Source: KI or GD or O (circle) 3.6.1 Do all groups within the affected population have equitable access to WASH facilities and services?

□ Yes □ No □ DNK - 6 - Vanuatu WASH Cluster version 9 March 18, 2014 3.6.2 Does the affected population take responsibility for the management and maintenance of facilities as appropriate, and all groups contribute equitably?
□ Yes □ No □ DNK 3.7 Expressed WASH Priorities Source: KI or GD (circle) 3.7.1 What are the priorities expressed by the population concerning water supply, sanitation and hygiene?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
- 7 - VANUATU CYCLONE PAM -­‐2015 POST DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT-­‐ INITIAL RAPID ASSESSMENT SHELTER Key Informant Interview (KII)-­‐DRAFT Date: [MM/DD/YYYY] Completed by: Key Informants/ Respondent (Name and contacts ): -­‐ -­‐ A.0 PRELIMINARY INFORMATION Reviewed 1.1.1 1.1.3 Province Area Council 1.1.2 1.1.4 Island Town / Village Peri-­‐Urban Costal Other (Specify) Rural Type of setting DEMOGRAPHICS (Vulnerable group profiling) Total number of Houses in your area council Total number of damanged houses Total number of single-­‐headed households in your area council ?
Total number of pregnant / lactating women in your area counicl ?

Urban Total number of people with physical disabilities in your area council?

Total number of separated/orphaned/unaccompanied children in your area council?

Are there any disadvantaged minority groups in your area council?

Any other vulnerable group in your area council?

If yes, can you please specify ?

If yes, can you please specify ?


Male Female Yes No HOUSING, LAND & PROPERTY Are the people now living in original site from before Cyclone Pam?

Is there any land tenure issues /problems in your area council If yes, what are the key challenges /issues: Informal settlement Yes Yes Legal challenges (disputed land) No No People do not have ownership of land Land is allocated for other purpose After cyclone the land became inhabitable (eroded, covered by debris and hazardous materials etc. )
Any other challenges /issues ?

(If yes, specify) A.0.1 A.0.2 A.1 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.1.4 A.1.5 A.1.6 A.1.7 A.1.8 A.1.9 A.2 A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 How these challenges be addressed?

Upgrading / removal of debris A.2.4 If other possible solutions (Specify) Community consensus Advocacy for formalizing the settlements Lease Relocation A.3 A.3.1 SHELTER DAMAGE Can you tell us the an estimated number of damaged houses in your area council?
Non Repraiable Repairs No damage Where other ways the shelters ( houses) been affected in your area council (secondary impacts) ?

A.3.2 A.3.3 For people with non-­‐repairable shelters, where are they living?

(numbers) Completely repaired house A.4 SELF-­‐RECOVERY Evacuation center Damaged house Partially repaired house Host Family Other (Specify) A.4.1 What are the affected people doing for shelter solutions?
Repair Rebuild Going to a new location What could be effective shelter solutions in your area Council?

A.4.2 Materials Labor Financial -­‐ (Cash/Voucher for work) Training on construction ( safer house building) Other (specify) 1 B.1 WASH B.1.1 B.1.2 B.1.3 C.1 C.1.2 D.1 D.1.1 D.1.2 D.1.5 D.1.6 D.1.7 D.1.8 E.0 E.0.1 E.0.2 E.0.3 E.0.4 E.0.5 E.0.6 What is primary source of drinking water in your Area Council?
Open well Spring River Piped water Other (specify) Tube well with hand pump Do the community people treat the water before drinking (e.g.

boiling, disinfectant)?

Do the people currently have access to toilet?

INCOME PROFILE (Coping mechanism ) How are the people currently covering their family's basic needs?

Communal Sale of household assets Borrow from friends / family Normal regular works ( Agriculture, fishing , shops , pity business etc.)
Seek employment in a new location Borrow from informal source Yes Private No None Seeking work in same location Borrow from formal source (i.e.

Bank, etc.)

Other (specify) ASSISTANCE RECEIVED & PRIORITIES Have the affected people in your Area Council received any shelter assistance?

If yes, what kind of assistance received?


Host family support Emergency shelter kits Repair Tools Other (Specify) Tarpaulins Non Food Item Yes No What are your shelter related priorities in your Area Council?Please specify: Who should be the priority group (s) for shelter assistance in yourArea Council?
Children -­‐ separated/orphaned/unaccompanied Homeless-­‐ disadvantaged minority group, People who have completely lost their livelihood Pregnant / lactating women Single headed (females), People with disabilities Single headed males), Other (Specify) Does the community have certain capacity & resources ( Skilled/ semi-­‐skilled labour, local materials etc.)

for shelter programing ?

Please specify: How can your Area Council best participate in designing and implementing shelter program ?
Organize planning meetings Set up or activate Community Disaster Committee Mobilize local resources participate in training and transfer skills Labour contribution Other (specify) OTHER FACTORS Is there any environmental ( natural ) concern in the neighborhoods Is the community exposed to other hazards/disasters?

Financial contribution Conduct community reviews /monitoring Yes Yes No No Don't know Don't know If yes , which hazard is the most prominent ?
Fire Earthquake Tsunami Floods Volcano Eruption Land slides and mudflow Tidal surge Others How community can participate in mitigating and reducing these hazards and risk ?
Overall general observation and recommendations : 2 Health Cluster Rapid Health Needs Assessment Form Vanuatu Cyclone Pam 2015 ASSESSMENT TEAM Name (Team Leader first) Institution Title/position Role Contact number Section 1 – Health Facility Assessment TAKE PHOTOS OF ALL DAMAGE Name: Latitude________________ Longitude_______________ Location: Province/area/village Contact Person and Phone Number: Catchment Population/ Islands: Point of delivery type □ Hospital □ Dispensary Management □ Ministry of Health □ Other □ Health Centre □ Aid Post □ NGOs (incl.
faith based) □ Private Has facility/material been damaged?

□ Yes □ No Building Equipment Medical supply Provide details of damage to building (use extra pages as needed) □ □ □ □ □ □ Physical access to facility (check one): □ Easy □ With obstacles (Explain) __________ □ Very diﬃcult (Explain) ___________ Average time to health facility on foot: <10 min < 30 min < 1 hour > 1 hour Name, type and distance to closest referral facility?
Name: Type: Distance to (by standard mean of referral transport): Is the referral system functioning?

If not please identify the bottleneck (e.g.

communication down/lack of transport) □ Yes □ No □ DNK specify bottleneck: Modified March 2015 - Vanuatu 1 Are community‐based health services delivered in the catchment area of the health facility?
□ Yes □ No If yes pls provide details: □ # village midwives □ # average people reached Frequency □ weekly □ monthly □ quarterly □ other □ # ___ community health worker(s) □ # other average people reached Frequency □ weekly □ monthly □ quarterly □ □ # others (specify) □ # average people reached Frequency □ weekly □ monthly □ quarterly □ other Human Resources Staff availability (Check all that apply) # staff before # staff after #consultations/ day # staff before # staff after #consultations/ day □ Nurse □ Medical doctor □ Nurse Aid □ Other □ Midwife □ Lab technician □ Public health officer Average number of patients per day Essential drugs, vaccines and supplies Available Unavailable Available Unavailable Antibiotics ORS Anti‐malarials Antipyretic Contraception Dressing materials HIV TB Tetanus toxoid Measles PENTA Polio BCG Functioning vaccine fridge Vaccine carriers 2 Water supply to health facilities  No water or not enough water for all the daily needs in the facility (chronic water shortage).
 Interruptions in water supply at the facility (occasional shortages).

 Insufficient water storage (less than 24 hours of water is stored) Sources of contamination (latrines, waste) <10m of water source, or water not from a guaranteed safe supply.

 Water is unchlorinated or insufficiently chlorinated (no chlorine smell or taste in water at the tap) or is turbid (cloudy).

 Broken water pipes or uncovered or unsanitary water reservoirs observed.
Number of toilets functioning: Power supply to health facilities Solar power ‐ intact Solar power ‐ damaged Generator ‐ working Generator – not working Town supply – working Town supply – not working Before After (comments) Have there been any reports of any unusual increases in illness or rumours of OUTBREAKS?
If so, describe □ No □ Yes (Specify) Patients suffering from CHRONIC DISEASES for which sudden interruption of therapy could be fatal and are NOT able to receive treatment □ Hypertension □ Insulin-dependent diabetes □ Kidney disease (in need of dialysis) # Patients not able Total # in need # Patients not able Total # in need □ Epilepsy □ Others (Specify) 3 What are the priorities perceived to be most important concerning health (pls ask key informants?
 Key Informant Interview 1 (Nurse – VHW – Community Leader – Other ‐ MALE – FEMALE) please circle who you interview and his/her gender:  Key Informant Interview 2 (Nurse – VHW – Community Leader – MALE – FEMALE) please circle who you interview and his/her gender  Key Informant Interview 2 (Nurse – VHW – Community Leader – MALE – FEMALE) please circle who you interview and his/her gender 4 Area/Sub-sectors Health Services Health Centers (full set of questions), Dispensaries (shaded set of questions only) Before After Y / N Y / N P1.1 Outpatient services P1.2 Short hospitalization capacity (5-10 beds) P1 General Clinical Services P 1.3 Referral capacity: means of communication, transportation P1.4 Home care visits P2.1 EPI : routine immunization against all national target diseases and functioning cold chain in place P2.2 Under 5 clinic conducted by IMCI-trained health staff P2 Child Health P2.3 Screening of malnutrition (W /H and H/A) P2.4 School Health Visits P3.1 Sentinel site of early warning system of epidemic prone diseases, outbreak P3 Communicable Diseases response (EWARS) P3.2 Diagnosis and treatment of malaria P3.3 Diagnosis and treatment of TB P3.4 P4.1 Diagnosis and treatment of yaws Syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections P4.2 Standard precautions: disposable needles & syringes, safety sharp P4 STI & HIV/AIDS disposal containers, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), sterilizer, P 91 P4.3 Availability of free condoms P5.1 Essential newborn care: basic newborn resuscitation + warmth A E R A I H T L A E H E V T C U D O R P E R & L A U X E S (recommended method: Kangaroo Mother Care - KMC) + eye prophylaxis + b l l P5.2 Basic essential obstetric care (BEOC): parenteral antibiotics + 24/24 & 7/7 t f di d d l i oxytocic/anticonvulsivant drugs + manual removal of placenta + removal of retained products with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) + assisted vaginal delivery 24/24 & 7/7 P5 Maternal & Newborn Health P5.3 Postpartum care: examination of mother and newborn (up to 6 weeks), respond to
 observed signs, support breast feeding, promote family planning P5.4 Family planning P5.5 Antenatal care: assess pregnancy, birth and emergency plan, respond to problems (observed and/or reported), advise/counsel on nutrition & P5.6 Skilled care during childbirth for clean and safe normal delivery P6 Sexual Violence P6.1 Emergency Contraception P7 Non Communicable Diseases and Mental Health P7.1 Injury care and mass casualty management P7.2 Hypertension treatment P7.3 Diabetes treatment P7.4 Mental Health care: psychological first aid by trained nurses P8.1 Health facility safe waste disposal and management P8 Environmental Health P8.2 Outreach environmental health activities 5 Area/Sub-sectors Death and Birth Health Services AID POSTS C22 Home-based treatment of: fever/malaria, Home-based treatment of: ARI/pneumonia Before After Y N Y N Home-based treatment of: Dehydration due to acute diarrhoea C23 Community mobilization for and support to mass vaccination campaigns and/or mass drug administration/treatments C32 Follow up of children enrolled in supplementary/therapeutic feeding (trace defaulters) C41 Vector control (IEC + impregnated bed nets + in/out door insecticide spraying) C42 Community mobilization for and support to mass vaccinations and/or drug administration/treatments C43 IEC on locally priority diseases (e.g.
TB self referral, malaria self referral, others) C51 Community leaders advocacy on STI/ HIV C52 IEC on prevention of STI/HIV infections and behavioural change communication C53 Ensure access to free condoms C81 Promote self-care, provide basic health care and psychosocial support, identify and refer severe cases for treatment, provide needed follow-up to people discharged by facility-based health and social services for people with chronic health conditions, disabilities and mental health problems C 4 Communicabl e Diseases C 5 STI & HIV/AIDS C 8 Non- Communic able Diseases and Mental C 9 Environment al Health C91 IEC on hygiene promotion and water and sanitation, community mobilization for clean up campaigns and/or other sanitation activities 6 GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Education Services Private Mail Bag 028 Port Vila ‐ Vanuatu Telephone: (678) 22309 Indepth Education Sector Technical Assessment Tool Instructions: GOUVERNMENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE DE VANUATU DEPARTEMENT DE L’EDUCATION Service Educatif Sac Postal Réservé 028 Port Vila ‐ Vanuatu Fax: (678) 23289 This form contains critical information to be gathered by education personnel during a rapid education needs assessment.
The information in this form should be collected through key informant interviews.

This involves identifying and discussing with community leaders, local education officials, principals, teachers, or representatives from active organisations in the area.

Each interview with a key informant requires a separate form.

As the interviewer, introduce yourself and the purpose before conducting the interview.

Circle the appropriate response(s) to the questions.
Assessment Identification Date of Assessment: ____/_____/______ (dd/mm/yy) Name of person being interviewed: _______________________________________M F Position / Title:_________________________________________________________ Location Assessment Province:__________________________ Island / Village:____________________________ Name of School:_________________________________ Language of Instruction:____________________________Contact details of School: Email:____________________________ (phone )___________ Observation/Comments: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Learning Centre: Type of learning centre: Check/Tick one that applies.
School Type Medium of Instruction ECCE English/French/Vernacular Rural / Urban / Semi/Peri-urban Location Boarding facility Yes /No Primary English/French/Vernacular Rural / Urban / Semi/Peri-urban Yes /No Secondary English/French/Vernacular English/French/Vernacular Other: Specify____ ____ 1.
Access and learning environment Rural / Urban / Semi/Peri-urban Rural / Urban / Semi/Peri-urban Yes /No Yes /No Means of Transport Canoe / Boat/ Truck/ Bicycle /walk/Other (specify) ___________ Canoe / Boat/ Truck/ Bicycle /walk/Other (specify) _____________ Canoe / Boat/ Truck/ Bicycle /walk/Other (specify) _____________ Canoe / Boat/ Truck/ Bicycle /walk/Other (specify) _____________ 1.

Please provide enrolment information about this school before and after the disaster A).
Table showing students Information before the Disaster.

ECE/Pre-Primary Primary Secondary F M class F M F M year Other (specify) ___________________ M F Level 2 Total 7 8 Total 13 14 Total Total B).

Table showing students Information After the Disaster.

ECE/Pre-Primary Primary Secondary F M Total F M class Total F M year Total Other (specify) ___________________ M F Level Total B).
Reasons Why children are not attending school since the emergency/crisis: - _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.
Please provide the number of students coming from other schools due to the disasters Name of previous school Class/Year Number of boys Number of girls Total 3 attended Able Disable Able Disable Total 3.
What risks are present for learners and teachers while at school or travelling to/from school (Please choose all they apply) Before the disaster After the disaster A Health risks from unsanitary conditions B Crossing waterways C Being abused or exploited D Schools are vulnerable to attack E Secondary hazards – landslides, flooding, cyclone F Other (specify) 4.

What is the level of damage to the school as a result of the recent emergency?
A Totally destroyed/not usable (basic safety cannot be assured) B Occupied or looted and thus not usable C .

Damaged, but can be repaired (roofs, latrines or water supply points damaged, etc.)
4 D Limited damage, can easily be repaired (broken windows, etc) E No damage Comments:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.
Are any temporary structures needed?

yes Type of structure Tents Tarpaulins Local material Others: (specify) A B C D no quantity 6.

What type of support for education is most essential right now in this school or learning centre?

(List the top 3 first, in order of priority).


A B C D E F G H I J Repairing damaged school buildings or facilities Establishing temporary spaces for learning Ensuring safety of learners and teachers Providing school materials Providing teaching and learning resources Providing psychosocial support to teachers and students School feeding Recruiting teaching staff Other (specify) _______________________ None of the above 5 7.

What are the main WASH needs at this school?


Before the disaster After the disaster Teaching Staff Before Disaster Teaching Staff After Disaster Boys Girls Boys Girls A B C Toilets (Types of Toilet) Showers Safe drinking water (Water Source) D Water (eg.

for bathing/washing) E Cleaning materials (soap, bucket, toothbrush/toothpaste, etc.)

F Hygiene education 3.

Teaching and learning 6 1.

Which of the following materials has the school lost as a result of the emergency?

(Choose all that apply).


Please use another paper to do the list if this space is not enough.)

Official school documents Quantity Teaching and learning materials (such as blackboards or books) Quanti ty Furniture (ie, desks, chairs, benches) Quantity Recreation supplies (such as sports equipment) Quantity Other (specify) Quantity 7 2.

What urgent messages or information are needed by children and youth in this site to protect them during this period?
Information needed Information provided Increased awareness of health, nutrition and hygiene issues A Peace education and conflict mitigation B Natural disaster preparedness and risk reduction C D Protection against safety and security risks E Psychosocial activities and support F Other (specify) 3.

Did learners miss normal school days as a result of the emergency?

YES NO If yes, how many days (on average)?

_____________ 4.

A.

How many teachers did you have before the emergency??
Total Number of teachers:____________ B.

Status of teachers: Permanent: __________.

Temporary:___________ C. Are there enough?

Yes: ___ No: _____ 5.

A.

Since the emergency, around how many teachers (both from community and from outside) are still able to work?

Total number of teachers still able to work: _________________________ 8 B.

Status of teachers: Permanent: __________.

Temporary:___________ C. Are there enough?

Yes: ___ No: _____ 6.


Are there currently any functioning groups present in this community that are supporting education?

(Select all that apply.)

A B C D E Government education authorities Community education committees (such as PTAs, SMCs) Local NGOs or religious groups International NGOs or UN agencies Other (specify) If yes, what type of support?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.

What actions has the school or local community already undertaken to address the crisis?

A B C D E F G Repairing damaged school buildings or facilities Repairing Access road to school.
Establishing temporary spaces for learning Ensuring safety of children and teachers Providing school materials Psychosocial support for teachers and students School feeding Other (specify) 9 Assessment completed by: ____________________________________________ Date of Assessment: _________________________________________________ Organization: ______________________________________________________ Contact details: ____________________________________________________ Signature: _________________________________________________________ 10 Guidance Sheet for Assessors – please read before you start Gender defines what it means to be a man or woman, boy or girl in a given society.
It carries specific roles, status and expectations within households, communities and cultures.

Gender determines what is expected, allowed and valued in a women or a man in a given context.

In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in responsibilities assigned, activities undertaken, access to and control over resources, as well as decision‐making opportunities.
Protection is the activities we do to keep vulnerable people such as women, girls, boys, people living with a disability, the elderly and the sick safe.

In emergencies we focus on preventing and responding to protection issues as (1) an emergency situation can damage the usual social constructsse which give people protection and (2) emergencies can increase tension and create situations causing an increase in protection issues.
Not all of these may be relevant to Vanuatu at the moment, but we need to think about them because they may happen in the future and particularly at times of disaster: 1.

Family separation 2.

Exploitationol of women, girls and people living with a disability – such as child labour and trafficking 3.

Psychosocial distress (the emotional and mental effects of an emergency) 4.

Recruitment of children into armed groups or gangs 5.
Physical harm to women, girls, boys and people living with a disability and other vulnerable groups 6.

Denial of children’s access to quality education 7.

Abuses related to forced displacement 8.

Gender‐based violence against women and girls 9.

Sexual exploitation and abuse 10.

Protection of people living with disabilities (PLWD) 11.
Protection of people displaced by disaster Key gender and protection considerations for assessment teams  Ensure gender balance on the assessment team: As a minimum there should be at least one female on the team who can speak to female members of the community  Observe community values and be culturally sensitive: Assessors must be culturally sensitive and aware.

Remember that talking about issues like child abuse and gender based violence is difficult for many people.
Other people may not understand what is meant by abuse and you will need to explain this carefully in a way that doesn’t offend or upset them  Introduce yourself: Introduce yourself and your organization to respondents, and explain that the purpose of the assessment is to help organizations make good decision about how best to work with and support affected communities  Obtain Consent: make sure people know why you are asking questions and what the information will be used for.
Tell them that participation is optional and that all information shared will be kept confidential and secure.

If they would rather not answer specific questions, they can miss them.

Their names or contact details will not be recorded unless urgent action is required.
If urgent action is required use the Referral Form, keep names confidential and notify your Assessment Team Leader  Explain that needs of the whole of community will be considered: this includes, men women, girls, boys, PLWD, injured, sick and the elderly  Don’t make promises of assistance: Make certain that interviewees know that how, when and where protection assistance is provided will depend on many factors  Consult with women, boys and girls as well as men: Vanuatu is a male dominent society and as such it is easy to only consult with men and male leaders.
Ensure that female members of the community, boys and girls are also consulted.

Emergencies affect men, women, boys and girls differently and asistance should be designed to meet all community member needs  Use female assessors to speak to female community members, boys and girls: To create an environment in which women and children feel comfortable to express their needs and issues, female (not male) assessors should consult them.
The team should ensure that men are not present during these consultations as they may influence what is expressed  When interviewing people with disability: o where possible talk to the person with disability rather than their carer or family member o When interviewing someone who uses a wheelchair or cannot stand, sit down at their level so you are looking at then eye to eye whilst speaking.
o When interviewing someone who is deaf, you may need to ask if someone from the persons family can help translate o When interviewing someone who is blind, introduce yourself and explain what you are doing first  Identify vulnerable individuals and groups: these could be unaccompanied children/youth, pregnant women, mothers with infants and babies, PLWD, elderly – they may require special attention  Take note of the needs of girls and women: Their specific needs of privacy, hygiene, safety and dignity must be brought to the attention of those providing assistance and services  Take note of any protection issues that you think could be occuring.
This includes all the issues listed on the front page  Write clearly  Do no Harm: When gathering information on sensitive issues, there may be difficult choices to make about whom to approach; the potential risks to respondents of providing sensitive information; as well as whether, where and how to approach them.

Careful decision must be made to minimize any potential risk to interviewees.
In general, only seek information that respondents feel comfortable and safe providing, but also consider the risks to children of not obtaining information on immediate threats to their safety.

Be aware that information that may be socially or politically sensitive.

 You do not need to complete every question but rather focus on the questions that are most relevant to the situation.
 When you have finished the assessment give the completed forms to your Assessment Team Leader What the symbols mean in this form: Direct observation ‐ when you see this don’t ask questions, find the information by looking yourself Requires follow up Urgent Action – use referral 2 Protection and Gender Interagency Rapid Assessment Form (for use with adults) 1.

GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1.

Assessor’s name and organisation’s name 1.2.

Date of assessment 1.3.


Name or type of emergency (earthquake, cyclone etc) Country: Province: Island: Village or Community : School – if relevant: 1.4.

List community leaders who can support Protection/Gender work (e.g.

those who can assist with protection of children, people with disabilities and vulnerable men and women i.e.

NGO Staff, DWA staff, Chiefs, Pastors, Village Health Workers, Nurses, Teachers, Police.
DPO focal points, CAVAWs ) Name Role (if applicable) Other contact details (address, phone, landmark) Do they know how to identify serious abuse (sexual and physical) and what action to take?

Yes No What action will they take?

(eg contacting Health workers, the Police, Women’s Centre counselor) Yes No What action will they take?

Yes No What action will they take?

Yes No What action will they take?

Yes No What action will they take?

3 Yes No What action will they take?

2.


PHYSICAL SAFETY AND WELL BEING OF CHILDREN, YOUTH, WOMEN, PREGNANT WOMEN, PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND THE ELDERLY 2.1.

Since the emergency began, are there any reported cases of children, youth, women, pregnant women, persons with disabilities and the elderly being: No.

Male/Female breakdown (if available) Age breakdown (If available) a.

Killed by violence YES NO b.


Killed by accident c. Injured by violence d. Injured by accident e. Seriously Injured by violence f. Seriously injured by accident g. Missing YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO h. Being forced to leave their homes.

i. Physically abused YES NO j. Sexually abused YES NO k. Without parents or unsupervised YES NO If any of the above are reported PLEASE REFER TO REFERAL GUIDE ISSUED AT PRE DEPARTURE BRIEFING AND PROVIDED ON THE LAST PAGE OF THIS ASSESSMENT FORM 2.2.
Are any of the following happening?
(Tick all that apply) Evacuations that separate children, youth, women, pregnant women, persons with disabilities or the elderly from their families Children, youth, women, pregnant women, persons with disabilities or the elderly left unattended at medical or feeding centres Issues for persons with disabilities accessing evacuation centres Children falling into water sources Children, youth, women, pregnant women, persons with disabilities or the elderly attacked or abused when fetching water or food Other Don’t know or no reports of any of the above 4 3.
SEPARATED PERSONS 3.1.

Have there been any reported cases of: Total # (if available) Age group (tick one) Sex (tick one) a.

Children separated from their families b.

Persons with disability separated from their carers c. Elderly persons separated from their carers d. Missing children Mostly under 5s Mostly between 5‐13 y.o.

Mostly 14‐18 y.o.

Don’t know Mostly under 10s Mostly between 10‐18 y.o.

Mostly 18‐35 y.o.

Don’t know Mostly under 50s Mostly between 50‐70 y.o.

Mostly 70‐80 y.o.
Mostly 70‐80 y.o.

Don’t know Mostly under 5s Mostly between 5‐14 y.o.

Mostly 14‐18 y.o.

Don’t know Mostly under 18 Mostly between 18‐25 y.o.

Mostly 25‐40 y.o.
Mostly 25‐40 y.o.

Don’t know Mostly under 10s Mostly between 10a and 18s Don’t know Mostly girls Mostly boys About equal Don’t know Mostly girls Mostly boys About equal Don’t know Mostly girls Mostly boys About equal Don’t know Mostly girls Mostly boys About equal Don’t know Mostly girls Mostly boys About equal Don’t know YES NO e. Women who have become head of households due to emergency f. Boys or girls who have become head of households due to emergency.

3.2.
3.2.

Are there reports of persons/organisations approaching families to offering to care for children away from the site of the Emergency?

If yes, then who are they?

– list names/organisations 4.

EMOTIONAL WELL‐BEING OF COMMUNITY 4.1.

Is there counseling support being provided in the community?

Is there support and/ or advocacy available for PLWD?

Who can offer counseling services and psychosocial support – eg Pastor, School Chaplain, Counselor at a Women’s Centre: YES YES NO NO 5.

CHILD LABOUR 5.1.
CHILD LABOUR 5.1.

Are any children engaged in: (Tick all that apply) Age group Children who work are: (tick one) Gender Children who work are: (tick one) 5 Work stopping them from school Illegal Activities (Stealing etc) Sexual Exploitation (eg prostitution) Other Specify: Younger than 12 y.o.

Mostly boys Between 13‐18 y.o.


Mostly girls Don’t know About equal Don’t know If any of the above are reported PLEASE REFER TO REFERAL GUIDE ISSUED AT PRE DEPARTURE BRIEFING AND PROVIDED ON THE LAST PAGE OF THIS ASSESSMENT FORM 6.

HEALTH 6.1.

Do the health workers know the procedures for dealing with sexual abuse (eg medical examination within 72 hours) 6.3.

Is there lighting at toilets?

YES NO 6.6.

Are the toilets accessible for persons with disabilities?

6.9.
6.9.

Do women/children feel safe collecting water and food?

6.12.

Is sanitary protection available for menstruating girls and women?

YES NO YES NO 6.4.

Are there separate bush toilets for girls and women?

6.7.

Are there bathing facilities accessible for persons with disabilities?

6.10.

How far is the water collection point?

6.13.Is there an adequate supply of food and water for pregnant women, nursing mothers and mothers of children under 5?

YES NO YES NO YES NO 10 mins walk?

11‐30 mins?


30‐1hr?

1hr+?

YES NO 6.2.

Are locks provided for toilet/washing facility doors?

6.5.

Are there separate bathing facilities for girls and women?

6.8.

Is there enough appropriate clothing available for vulnerable groups?

6.11.

If water containers are being distributed, are they the right size of suitable for children?

6.14.

Are there any women in their third trimester, and if so, is there a VHW available to assist with the birth?
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO 6.15.

Are there any reports or rumours of children/women/people with disabilities exchanging sex to access Non Food Items and/or Food?

YES NO If any of the above are reported PLEASE REFER TO REFERAL GUIDE ISSUED AT PRE DEPARTURE BRIEFING AND PROVIDED ON THE LAST PAGE OF THIS ASSESSMENT FORM Any questions?
Ask your team leader, or call the Protection Cluster on 558 1100 or 710 2623 6 REFERRAL GUIDE Ol ripot blong abius oli mas ripotem I ko long Famli Proteksen Unit ofisa klosap long yu.
PROVINS AELAN ERIA NEM TELEFON NAMBA Torba Sanma Penama Penama Malampa Malampa Shefa Tafea Vanua Lava Santo Ambae Ambae Malekula Malekula Efate Tanna Sola Luganville Saratamata West Lamap Lakatoro Port Vila Isangel Inspector Judas Silas 555 3046 596 6630 Nancy Tamata 591 6932 John Joe 547 3290 Ben Tagaro 562 0241 Alfred Tilla 566 6283 Grenly Kenda 777 4749 Sabrina Bila 776 7373 Nos Wilfred Long keis blong sam pipol we oli nidim kanseling mo help, Vanuatu Women’s Centre hemi kat ol kaonsela we oli save ofarem wan eaet sapot long victim.
Pasta i save givhan long spirijuel kanseling mo yumi enkarejem.
PROVINS AELAN ERIA NEM Torba Sanma Penama Penama Malampa Shefa Tafea Vanua Lava Santo Ambae Ambae Malekula Efate Tanna Grace Lav Shanna Ligo Sola Luganville Saratamata Meriam Garae Nduidui Lakatoro Port Vila Isangel Andrea Vira Sheena Timorthy Beta Misef Lisa Thomas TELEFON NAMBA 592 0880 36 157 591 1145 773 4662 549 7220 25 764 88 660 7 Evacu Disp uation Cent placement T ter Cluster, Tracking M Vanuatu C Matrix (DTM yclone Pam ) ‐ Form: Sit m Response te Assessm ment 2015 Date of Verif fication t Date of Inpu d d d d ‐ m ‐ m m ‐ m ‐ y y y y d d ‐ ‐ m m ‐ y y Position/ /Title↓ Contact Detail C 1.
1.

1.b.1 Enumerat tor Name 1.b.2 Sex of Enu umerator ⃝ Phone Numbe P ls↓ ⃝ Male ⃝ ↓ Role↓ er↓ Female by Form Data A. SU 1.1.a.1 Verified Input by n m Verification abase Input LS URVEY DETAI ent Survey Date of Curre d Survey Round espondent↓ Name of Re 1.1.a.2 No 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ENT AREA DE ETAILS B. SI 1.1.c.1 1.1.d.1 1.1.e.1 1.1.e.2 1.1.e.3 TE/ SETTLEM Site ID (SSID) 1 Site Name Province Island Area Council 1.1.e.5 1.1.f.1 1.1.f.2 1.2.n.1 te?
Village/Place ude (GPS) Longitu e (GPS) Latitud 1 Is WASH port being vided at the sit 1 Is HEALTH port being vided at the sit 1 Is SHELTER/N port being vided at the sit 1 Is FOOD port being vided at the sit te?

NFI te?

te?

supp prov 1.2.o.1 supp prov 1.2.p.1 supp prov 1.2.q.1 supp prov # # # # ⃝ Yes ⃝ No A # # # # .

.

⃝ No ⃝ Answer, why?

# # # # # # Unknown ⃝ Yes ⃝ No A ⃝ No ⃝ Answer, why?

Unknown ⃝ Yes ⃝ No A ⃝ No ⃝ Answer, why?

Unknown ⃝ Yes ⃝ No A ⃝ No ⃝ Answer, why?


Unknown ee re a Disaster ent Committe he site?

DMC made u ommunity at up the ⃝ Ye ⃝ No s ⃝ No ⃝ o Answer, why ⃝ Unknown y?

________ ___ ⃝ Ye ⃝ No s ⃝ No ⃝ o Answer, why ⃝ Unknown y?

________ ___ 1.2.b.1 Is the Manageme (DMC) at t 1.2.b.2 Is the from the co site?

1.2.b.7 DMC 1.2.b.8 DMC Focal Point Na Focal Point Ph ame hone 1.2.r.1 Is PRO being prov OTECTION sup vided at the sit pport te?

1.2.s.1 Is EDU being prov UCATION supp vided at the sit port te?
1.2.t.1 Is LIVE being prov ELIHOOD supp vided at the sit port te?

⃝ Ye ⃝ No es ⃝ No ⃝ ⃝ Unknown y?

o Answer, wh ⃝ Ye ⃝ No es ⃝ No ⃝ ⃝ Unknown y?

o Answer, wh ⃝ Ye ⃝ No ⃝ Unknown es ⃝ No ⃝ y?

o Answer, wh C. POPULATION N DEMOGRAP MBER OF) Estimated Population on n the Site PHICS (BEST ES Young Children (1‐5 y) STIMATE NUM Older children (6‐11y) Infants (<1) rs Teenager (12‐17 y) Adults (18‐59 y) Elderly (60 +y ) TOTAL Tota Fam l No.
of ilies/HHs↓ By Breakdown r Age/Gender Male Female Total H SPECIAL VU LNERABILITIE ES (BEST ESTIM ER OF) D. PE Preg Preg Pers Pers Pers Pers Pers unde Pers ERSONS WITH gnant Women gnant Women ons who have ons who have ons who have ons who have ons who have erstood ons w/ Chron who are soon e difficulty see e difficulty hea e difficulty wa e difficulty thi e difficulty com n ready to giv eing aring lking nking or conc mmunicating e birth entrating or being ic Diseases/Se erious Medica al Conditions # # MATE NUMBE # # # ersons s eding Mothers rs mpanied Mino Elderly Pe Breastfee Unaccom Orphaned Single‐fem Single‐ma d Minors male headed ale headed Ho Households ouseholds Single‐ch ild headed Ho ouseholds Displa acement Tracking g Matrix – V1 Vanuatu C Cyclone Pam Resp ponse 2015 # # # # # Page e 1 of 2 SSID: Site Name: Survey Date: d d ‐ m m ‐ y y Round: Households leaving the community How many households have left this community after cyclone?
What was the main reason for leaving?

Which place did they go?

Where are they staying?

Families moving into the community How many households who were not living in this community before the cyclone are now staying here?

Why did they come?

Where did they come from?

Did they come as a group or individually (one by one)?

Where are they now staying?


⃝ Accessibility ⃝ House damaged/destroyed ⃝ Lack of food ⃝ Lack of safety ⃝ No livelihood ⃝ Basic infrastructures damaged/ﬂooded ⃝ Lack of water ⃝ Unknown ⃝ Other, specify ______________________________________________ ⃝ Another village on same island ⃝ Port Vila ⃝ Another island, which one?
_______________________ ⃝ Host Family ⃝ Community Building/church ⃝ Evacuation Centre ⃝ Squatting ⃝ Don’t know ⃝ Other, specify?_________________ ⃝ Accessibility ⃝ House damaged/destroyed ⃝ Lack of food ⃝ Lack of safety ⃝ No livelihood ⃝ Basic infrastructures damaged/ﬂooded ⃝ Lack of water ⃝ Unknown ⃝ Other, specify ______________________________________________ ⃝ Another village on same island ⃝ Port Vila ⃝ Another island, which one?
_______________________ ⃝ Group ⃝ individually ⃝ Unknown ⃝ Host Family ⃝ Community Building/church ⃝ Evacuation Centre ⃝ Squatting ⃝ Don’t know ⃝ Other, specify?_________________ Families without houses still in the community How many households who have no house are still staying in this community?

(no house, but did not move elsewhere) Where are they now staying?
⃝ Host Family ⃝ Community Building/church ⃝ Evacuation Centre ⃝ Squatting ⃝ Don’t know ⃝ Other, specify?_________________ M. COMMUNICATION 11.1.a.1 Where do most residents mostly get their information from?

⃝ Local Leader ⃝ Families/Friends ⃝ Mobile Phone ⃝ Site Management ⃝ Unknown ⃝ Other, specify?

______________________ ⃝ No Answer, why?

_______________________ ⃝ Authorities ⃝ None ⃝ Radio/News 11.1.c.1 What is the main topic on which the community is requesting information on?
⃝ Access To Services ⃝ Distribution ⃝ Registration ⃝ Shelter ⃝ Safety and Security ⃝ How to get Information ⃝ Other Relief Assistance ⃝ Situation In Areas Of Origin ⃝ Information on support to return to community ⃝ None ⃝ Unknown ⃝ Other, specify?

__________ ___________________________ 11.3.a.1 Travel abroad opportunities are being discussed/advertised within the community?

⃝ Yes ⃝ No ⃝ Unknown ⃝ No Answer, why?

________ 11.3.a.2 If YES, which country?


Displacement Tracking Matrix – V1 Vanuatu Cyclone Pam Response 2015 Page 2 of 2 OUTLINE O O F METHOD DOLOGY LIVE VANU ELIHOOD UATU PO DS ASSE OST‐CYC T ESSMENT AM LONE PA The meth compone odology to be nts: e used for the e livelihoods recovery asse essment is co omprised of th he following 1.

K ey Informant t interviews Purpose: communit appropria to gather se ties on the im ate recovery i ex‐disaggregat mpacts of the nterventions ted informati cyclone, whi .
ion and insigh ch can then s hts from lead serve as an ev ders in the mo vidence base ost affected f for design of Process: One‐on‐o influentia ne interview l community ws to be condu leaders.

Inte ucted individu erviewer to re ually with 2 m ecord answer men and 2 wo rs on the shee omen in each et provided.

location, wh o are 2.


Si ingle Sex Foc us Group Dis scussions Purpose: the cyclon appropria to identify se ne and livelih ate recovery i ex‐disaggrega oods recover nterventions ated impacts, ry options.

Th .
Th .

interests and his can then s d views of me serve as an ev en and wome vidence base n to en, in relation f for design of Process: Meet with at least 10 discussion h 4 groups se 0 people in ea n with each g parately: You ach group, or roup, on the unger men, o r up to 20 if p sheet provide older men, yo ossible.

Facil ed.

ounger wome litator to reco n, older wom ord main poin men.
Aim to h nts from the have Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme ent – Vanuatu 5 u March 2015 LIVELIHOO L ANUATU PO VA ODS ASSES OST‐CYCLO SMENT ONE PAM Focus Gr You oup Discus ssion: n unger men Date: Location: Number o of participant r: Facilitator s: Include lis st of participa ants, with nam mes and signa atures.

Questio ons re your main livelihoods an nd sources of f income unti What wer cyclone?
l now, and ho ow were thes se affected by y the How long happen fa will it take be aster?

efore your so ource of livelih hoods is resu med?

And w hat can be do one to make t that How muc h estimated i income have you lost as a result of the cyclone?

What are normal?

your main ne eeds for assis tance at this point, for you ur family and your commu unity to retur n to What cop ping strategies s have you us sed to adjust to the hardsh hips cause by ?

the cyclone?
the cyclone?

What idea as do you hav ve about alter rnative incom me generation n activities?

(First brief organized fly explain wh d, would you w hat a cash‐for want to parti r work progra cipate?

(if so, am consists of , raise hand) of) … If a cash‐ ‐for‐work pro ogram were me through a temporary e mployment p program, wha at would you If you had the mone a) Fo b) Sc c) R d) Pa e) O d a cash incom ey on?
ood chool costs epairing hous se aying off deb ts n Other – explain most likely sp pend Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme nt – Vanuatu u March 2015 LIVELIHOO L ANUATU PO VA ODS ASSES OST‐CYCLO SMENT ONE PAM Focus Gr Ol oup Discus lder men ssion: Date: Location: of participant Number o r: Facilitator s: Include lis st of participa ants, with nam mes and signa atures.

Questio ons re your main livelihoods an nd sources of f income unti What wer cyclone?
l now, and ho ow were thes se affected by y the How long happen fa will it take be aster?

efore your so ource of livelih hoods is resu med?

And w hat can be do one to make t that How muc h estimated i income have you lost as a result of the cyclone?

What are normal?

your main ne eeds for assis tance at this point, for you ur family and your commu unity to retur n to What cop ping strategies s have you us sed to adjust to the hardsh hips cause by ?

the cyclone?
the cyclone?

What idea as do you hav ve about alter rnative incom me generation n activities?

(First brief organized fly explain wh d, would you w hat a cash‐for want to parti r work progra cipate?

(if so, am consists of , raise hand) of) … If a cash‐ ‐for‐work pro ogramme wer re me through a temporary e mployment p program, wha at would you If you had the mone f) Fo g) Sc h) R i) Pa j) O d a cash incom ey on?
ood chool costs epairing hous se ts aying off deb n Other – explain most likely sp pend Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme nt – Vanuatu u March 2015 LIVELIHOO L ANUATU PO VA ODS ASSES OST‐CYCLO SMENT ONE PAM Focus Gr Youn oup Discus nger wome ssion: en Date: Location: of participant Number o r: Facilitator s: Include lis st of participa ants, with nam mes and signa atures.

Questio ons re your main livelihoods an nd sources of f income unti What wer cyclone?
l now, and ho ow were thes se affected by y the How long happen fa will it take be aster?

efore your so ource of livelih hoods is resu med?

And w hat can be do one to make t that How muc h estimated i income have you lost as a result of the cyclone?

What are normal?

your main ne eeds for assis tance at this point, for you ur family and your commu unity to retur n to What cop ping strategies s have you us sed to adjust to the hardsh hips cause by ?

the cyclone?
the cyclone?

What idea as do you hav ve about alter rnative incom me generation n activities?

(First brief organized fly explain wh d, would you w hat a cash‐for want to parti r work progra cipate?

(if so, am consists of , raise hand) of) … If a cash‐ ‐for‐work pro ogramme wer re me through a temporary e mployment p program, wha at would you If you had the mone k) Fo l) Sc m) R n) Pa o) O d a cash incom ey on?
ood chool costs epairing hous se ts aying off deb n Other – explain most likely sp pend Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme nt – Vanuatu u March 2015 LIVELIHOO L ANUATU PO VA ODS ASSES OST‐CYCLO SMENT ONE PAM Focus Gr Old oup Discus ssion: n er women Date: Location: of participant Number o r: Facilitator s: Include lis st of participa ants, with nam mes and signa atures.

Questio ons re your main livelihoods an nd sources of f income unti What wer cyclone?
l now, and ho ow were thes se affected by y the How long happen fa will it take be aster?

efore your so ource of livelih hoods is resu med?

And w hat can be do one to make t that How muc h estimated i income have you lost as a result of the cyclone?

What are normal?

your main ne eeds for assis tance at this point, for you ur family and your commu unity to retur n to What cop ping strategies s have you us sed to adjust to the hardsh hips cause by ?

the cyclone?
the cyclone?

What idea as do you hav ve about alter rnative incom me generation n activities?

(First brief organized fly explain wh d, would you w hat a cash‐for want to parti r work progra cipate?

(if so, am consists of , raise hand) of) … If a cash‐ ‐for‐work pro ogramme wer re me through a temporary e mployment p program, wha at would you If you had the mone p) Fo q) Sc r) R s) Pa t) O d a cash incom ey on?
ood chool costs epairing hous se ts aying off deb n Other – explain most likely sp pend Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme nt – Vanuatu u March 2015 LIVELIHOO L ANUATU PO VA ODS ASSES OST‐CYCLO SMENT ONE PAM Key Infor rmant inte erview Male or r female: Location n of interview w: Name: Age: Date: Interview er: Questio ons What are were thes the main live se affected by elihoods and s sources of inc ?
y the cyclone come for men n in the affec cted commun w ities, and how What are were thes the main live se affected by elihoods and s sources of inc ?

y the cyclone come for wom men in the af ffected comm munities, and how Which com cyclone?

mmunity buil ldings, roads or other sma ll infrastructu ure were dest troyed or dam e maged by the Who uses s these buildin ngs or roads, and for what t purpose?

Which sm mall infrastruc ture would b e highest prio ority to fix?
What cop ping strategies s have people e used to adju ust to the har rdships cause e by the cyclo ne?

What idea as do you hav ve about alter rnative incom me generation n activities?

Livelihoods s assessment – Multi‐Clust ter Assessme ent ‐ Vanuatu u 2015 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER VANUATU FOOD SECURITY & AGRICULTURE CLUSTER (FSAC) DETAILED LONG TERM RECOVERY ASSESSMENT PLAN; APRIL, 2015 Section1: Background Information 1.1 Area Name:……………………………………………………………………………………………….
1.2 Area Council: …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.3 Island: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.4 Village:…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.5 Province:…………………………………………………………………………….

1.6 Estimated Population of Area:………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.7 GPS:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 1.7 Informant name: ………………………………….

1.11 Interviewer name: ………………………………………….

1.8 Informant Qualifications/Expertise: 1.12 Date: ……….… /.……….
/ ………….. 1.9 Sex: …………………………………….. 1.13 Time: …………………………….. 1.10 Contact:………………………………………………….

1.11 Signature:……..…………………………….. 1 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 1: Food Availability (Pre TC Pam) 1.1 Crops In a typical WEEK how much crops did your area consume, give away, sell, and receive as gifts and purchase?
CROP Total produced by the area Weight (bundles) Total Eaten Preserved =a+b+c+d (b) (a) Given Away Sold Sold (VT Value) (c) (d) Received as gift (bundle) Purchased from another household/ store Amount (bundle) $ Value Taro Cassava Banana Yams Taro Fiji Coconut Kumala Breadfruit Other Total 2 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER 1.2 Livestock harvest In a typical WEEK how much livestock did your area consume, give away, sell, receive as gifts and purchase?
LIVESTOCK Total produced by the area (number) Received as gift (number) Purchased from another household/ store Total Eaten Given Away Sold Sold (VT Value) Amount (number) VT Value =a+b+c (b) (c) (a) Pigs Beef Sheep Chicken Ducks Other Total 1.3 Seafood harvest In a typical WEEK how much sea food produce did your area consume, give away, sell, receive as gifts and purchase SEAFOOD Total produced by the household Weight (bundle/rope) Total Eaten (a) Preserved Given Away Sold =a+b+c+d (b) (c) (d) Sold (VT Value) Received as gift (bundle/rope) Purchased from another household/ store Amount VT Value Tuna / deep sea fish Reef fish Shellfish Crab Lobsters Coconut crab Other Total 3 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER 1.4 Amount and Value of Imported Foods In the following table, please provide details of the amount of each imported food item your area purchases in a typical MONTH.
Also provide an estimate of the value of the food.

Imported Food Quantity imported (quantity in numbers e.g.

cases) Total Costs (VT Value) Rice Flour Magi Noodles Canned fish Canned meat Soft drinks Chicken Sheep Sugar 1.5 Food Aid Needs On scale of 1 -10, indicate food aid needs for the area in the next three months (Assessor): Area 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


Food Aid Needs Ranking 1 – 10 (1 being highest) 4 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 2: KROP DAMAGE/LOSS DUE TO TC PAM Kaen Fama (K=komesel, SK= Semi Komesel, S= Sabsistens) Wanem kaen krop we I damej Age blong krop (wiks, manis, yia) Total namba blong krop we oli bin planem (# krop mo Hecta blong em) Namba blong damej (# krop mo Hecta blong em) Namba blong damej krop we I save kro bakagen (# krop mo Hecta blong em) Hamas long ol krop, ol fama I planem finis?
(# blong plant, o hekta) Immediate nid blong Fama due to disasta (observation from asesor) Long-Term Recovery nid blong Fama (observation from asesor) A C D E F G H I J 5 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 3: LAEFSTOK LOSS DUE TO TC PAM Fasin blong lukaotem animol (fanis, no gat fanis mo fasem lo rope) Wanem kaen animol Totol namba blong animol Namba blong animol we i ded Namba blong animol we i kasem kil Eria blong pasja we i damej (hecta) A B C D E F Ol narafala damej olsem (fanis, shed..) G Wanem nao bae Fama i mekem blong solvem problem H What livestock feeds are available in your area Immediate nid blong Fama due to disasta (observation from asesor) I J Long-Term Recovery nid blong Fama (observation from asesor) K 6 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 4.
PROPERTY DAMAGE/LOSS DUE TO TC PAM Property type/Equipment/etc.

used for livestock, cropping, and forests.
Total Number A B Number Loss C Estimated Cost of Loss (VT) D 7 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 5: FORESTRY LOSS DUE TO TC PAM Species Age Number damaged Number of trees in the area Nature of Damage (1- broken top; 2- broken branches; 3- Tilted/lean; 4- uprooted) Area damaged (ha) Cost of damage Interest in Replanting (Y/N) A B C D E F G H Priority trees for replanting (1-fruit trees; 2-timber trees; 3-soil conditioner; 4- other – ornamental, fodder, medicinal) J No.
of months it will take for the trees/shrubs take to recovery Emergency Assistance needed (1 – Seeds; 2 – seedlings, 3 –Cuttings, 4 – Tools) Long Term Assistance Needed K L M 8 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 6: Income 6.1 Income Sources (pre-Pam) In the table below, please provide the average weekly income of the households in your area, for each of the categories provided below (Please leave the total as blank) Who is responsible for selling (men or women) B Av.
Income/week ($Vatu) Pre-TC Pam Av.

Income/week ($Vatu) Post TC Pam Recovery Needs/Priorities C D E Sources of incomes A 1.

Selling farm produce: a. Copra b. Kava c. Root crops (specify) d. Fruits e. Vegetables f. Cocoa g. Coffee h. Livestock (specify) i.

Fish and seafoods j.

Forest products (specify) 2.

Selling cooked foods 3.

Salary/wages 4.

Selling handicrafts 5.

Remittances 6.

Others (small business etc.)


Total weekly income 6.2 Income Sufficiency Is the total weekly income sufficient for households in your area?
Yes No (Provide the MAIN method the household meets their basic needs) 1-Assisted by extended family members 2-Borrow from neighbours’ 3-Barter exchange 4-Other 5-None 9 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER 6.3 Financial Impact Please rank from 1 to 6 (1 being “most impact”) the impact of the following obligations on the household’s financial situation?

Rank from 1 to 6 (1 most impact) Obligations 1.

Traditional obligations 2.

Church obligations 3.

Food security (meals, preserved food, etc.)

4.


School fees 5.

Health care 6.

Shelter, clothing, etc.
Section 7: Local Capacities 7.1 In your opinion, rank the highest priority long-term recovery for your area: Recovery needs Ranking 1-5 (1 Highest) Specific Priority Needs Livestock For men: For women Forestry For men: For women: Fisheries For men For women Agriculture For men For women Biosecurity For men For women 10 7.2 List capacity needs for cyclone Pam recovery under the following categories: List the knowledge and experience available List the knowledge and experience needed List the materials/resources available List the materials/resources needed FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER 11 FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER Section 8.
Transect Walk Observations: Farming Systems Farming Systems observed: Main Type of Crops Common crops grown (agroforestry spp., root crops, vegetables, fruit trees) Livestock Main types of livestock: Other Observations Pam Recovery Issues/Needs: Pam recovery Issues/Needs: Pam recovery Issues/Needs: 12 ANNEX IV: Assessment Debrief Checklist DEBRIEF CHECKLIST Suggested structure: a facilitated discussion, giving a turn to each team member for each question Methodology  Discuss key informants (KIs) o Number of KIs interviewed per location o Did you feel that all KIs were representative of their communities?
Please flag any issues o Was the information provided by different KIs consistent?

Direct observations Identify top 3 priority problem areas observed  What was the predominant type of shelter in the area you covered?

 What was the scale of damage in the areas you assessed?

  Which were the most affected locations in the areas covered (villages)  Were any population groups (women, children, disabled people, etc) particularly affected?
 Did the priority areas differ between locations and population groups?

 Were there any evacuation centres that were still populated?

(If yes, where)  Access to the affected populations: o What were the logistical constrains to reach affected populations in the area?

o Did you identify any issues with regard to storage, transport and fuel shortages?

 Were some affected areas not reachable by boat and/or road?

 Did you take any photos with their smartphones of road conditions?
(There is a sign in the room with the e-mail to which they should send the photo and the narrative saying where it was taken and what the issue was) Photo credit: Karina Coates | OCHA  Did you notice any security concerns?

 Discuss ongoing response o Was the assistance sufficient to allow for self-recovery?

o Had all areas you visited been reached by some form of assistance?

o What key gaps in response did you observe by cluster/area of work?

 Did you notice any signs of early recovery?


o Were people exchanging goods?

o Were there signs of reviving markets?

o Did you notice selling of humanitarian goods?

o Had people and communities started rebuilding?

 Do you have any other observations of humanitarian needs or situation which were not captured by questionnaires?

Direct observations – cluster-specific  Prepare a set of questions to guide the semi-structured interview.
The questions should capture direct observations/unstructured information to triangulate and supplement the questionnaires.

Ensure those questions have a strong element of early recovery