Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694834845764.pdf (India)
Punjab: Disease Burden Profile, 1990 to 2016 1990 life expectancy Females: 64.2 years Males: 62.2 years 2016 life expectancy Females: 72.2 years Males: 68.0 years How much did the under-5 mortality rate change from 1990 to 2016?

How much did the under-5 mortality rate change from 1990 to 2016?
Under-5 mortality rate, both sexes combined, 1990-2016 Under-5 mortality rate, both sexes combined, 1990-2016 Punjab under-5 rate India under-5 rate Comparative average rate globally for similar Socio-demographic Index as Punjab 150 100 50 s h t r i b e v i l , 0 0 0 1 r e p s h t a e D 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 Year The shaded bands indicate 95% uncertainty intervals around the estimates What caused the most deaths in different age groups in 2016?
Percent contribution of top 10 causes of death by age group, both sexes, 2016 Percent contribution of top 10 causes of death by age group, both sexes, 2016 0−14 years [5.2% of total deaths] 15−39 years [10.3% of total deaths] 2.1% 4.7% 5.1% 32.7% 9.4% 2% 38.2% 1.2% 1.6% 1.4% 1.6% 8.2% 2.7% 5.7% 21.7% 8.5% 9.9% 9.3% 9.2% HIV/AIDS & tuberculosis Diarrhoea/LRI*/other NTDs† & malaria Maternal disorders Neonatal disorders Nutritional deﬁciencies Other communicable diseases 16.2% Cancers 5.5% 3.1% 40−69 years [39.1% of total deaths] 70+ years [45.4% of total deaths] 4.2% 5.5% 4.4% 3.6% 4.1% 11.5% 10.9% 1.8% 3% 6.9% 2.3% 2.1% 1% 3.5% 12.2% 5.5% 11.6% 4.4% 1.3% 9.4% 44.2% 46.6% Cardiovascular diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cirrhosis Digestive diseases Neurological disorders Diabetes/urog‡/blood/endo§ Other non-communicable Transport injuries Unintentional injuries Suicide & violence Other causes of death *LRI is lower respiratory infections.
†NTDs are neglected tropical diseases.

‡Urog is urogenital diseases.

§Endo is endocrine diseases.

India: Health of the Nation's States — The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative.

New Delhi: ICMR, PHFI, and IHME; 2017.

ISBN 978-0-9976462-1-4.

1 39.229.423.6 Proportion of total disease burden from: Premature death: 64.9% | Disability or morbidity: 35.1% What caused the most years of life lost, by sex, in 2016?
Top 15 causes of YLLs, ranked by percent for both sexes combined, 2016 Females Males Ischaemic heart disease Road injuries Stroke Lower respiratory infections Diabetes COPD* Diarrhoeal diseases Chronic kidney disease Tuberculosis Suicide Intestinal infectious diseases Other neonatal disorders Preterm birth complications HIV/AIDS Neonatal encephalopathy 30 0 Percent of total years of life lost due to premature mortality 10 20 0 Percent of total years of life lost due to premature mortality 10 20 30 Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases Non-communicable diseases Injuries What caused the most years lived with disability, by sex, in 2016?
*COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Top 15 causes of YLDs, ranked by percent for both sexes combined, 2016 Females Males Iron-deﬁciency anaemia Sense organ diseases* Low back & neck pain Migraine Skin diseases Other musculoskeletal COPD* Depressive disorders Diabetes Anxiety disorders Oral disorders Preterm birth complications Falls Osteoarthritis Road injuries 15 10 5 0 Percent of total years lived with disability 0 5 10 15 Percent of total years lived with disability Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases Non-communicable diseases Injuries *COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*Sense organ diseases includes mainly hearing and vision loss.

2 Punjab Proportion of total disease burden from: CMNNDs: 22.4% | NCDs: 66.0% | Injuries: 11.6% How have the leading causes of death and disability combined changed from 1990 to 2016?

How have the leading causes of death and disability combined changed from 1990 to 2016?
Change in top 15 causes of DALYs, both sexes, ranked by number of DALYs, 1990–2016 Change in top 15 causes of DALYs, both sexes, ranked by number of DALYs, 1990–2016 Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases Non-communicable diseases Injuries same or increase decrease Leading causes of DALYs 1990 Leading causes of DALYs 2016 Diarrhoeal diseases [12.9%] Ischaemic heart disease [8.2%] Lower respiratory infections [6.5%] Preterm birth complications [4.1%] Tuberculosis [3.9%] Neonatal encephalopathy [3.8%] Other neonatal disorders [3.5%] COPD† [3.4%] Congenital birth defects [2.7%] Iron-deﬁciency anaemia [2.5%] Intestinal infectious diseases [2.4%] Road injuries [2.3%] Stroke [2.1%] Sense organ diseases‡ [1.7%] Meningitis [1.7%] Low back & neck pain [1.6%] Chronic kidney disease [1.4%] Skin diseases [1.4%] Migraine [1.3%] Diabetes [1.3%] Ischaemic heart disease [17.1%] Road injuries [4.2%] COPD† [4.0%]* Diabetes [3.9%] Iron-deﬁciency anaemia [3.2%] Sense organ diseases‡ [3.2%] Stroke [2.9%] Low back & neck pain [2.7%] Lower respiratory infections [2.6%] Diarrhoeal diseases [2.6%] Chronic kidney disease [2.5%] Migraine [2.3%] Skin diseases [2.0%] Tuberculosis [1.9%] Preterm birth complications [1.9%] Congenital birth defects [1.4%] Intestinal infectious diseases [1.3%] Other neonatal disorders [1.3%] Neonatal encephalopathy [1.1%] Meningitis [0.7%] *Change not signiﬁcant.
The percent ﬁgure in brackets next to each cause is DALYs from that cause out of total DALYs.

What caused the most death and disability combined across age groups in 2016?

Percent of DALYs by age group, both sexes, 2016 What caused the most death and disability combined across age groups in 2016?

Percent of DALYs by age group, both sexes, 2016 †COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

‡Sense organ diseases includes mainly hearing and vision loss.
§ Self-harm refers to suicide and the nonfatal outcomes of self-harm.
[1.58] s Y L A D l a t o t f o t n e c r e P 9 6 3 0 Under 5 (6%) [2.08] [1.36] [1.68] [2.61] [1.1] [0.68] [0.79] [0.9] [0.55] [0.6] [3.15] [3.57] [4.12] [4.61] [0.44] [0.29] [0.3] 5 to 9 (8%) 10 to 14 (8%) 15 to 19 (9%) 20 to 24 (10%) 25 to 29 (9%) 30 to 34 (8%) 35 to 39 (7%) 40 to 44 (7%) 45 to 49 (6%) 50 to 54 (5%) 55 to 59 (4%) 60 to 64 (4%) 65 to 69 (3%) 70 to 74 (2%) 75 to 79 (1%) 80 to 84 (1%) 85+ (1%) Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases Non-communicable diseases Injuries The number in the bracket on top of each vertical bar is the ratio of percent DALYs to population for that age group.
The number in parentheses after each age group on the x-axis is the percent of population in that age group.

Age Punjab 3 What risk factors are driving the most death and disability combined?

Contribution of top 10 risks to DALYs number, both sexes, ranked by number of DALYs, 1990-2016 What risk factors are driving the most death and disability combined?

What risk factors are driving the most death and disability combined?
Contribution of top 10 risks to DALYs number, both sexes, ranked by number of DALYs, 1990-2016 Contribution of top 10 risks to DALYs number, both sexes, ranked by number of DALYs, 1990-2016 Environmental/occupational same or increase Behavioural Metabolic decrease Behavioural Environmental/occupational Metabolic same or increase decrease Risk factors 1990 Risk factors 1990 Malnutrition* [29.7%] Malnutrition* [32.2%] WaSH† [12.8%] WaSH† [15.2%] Air pollution [7.7%] Air pollution [11.5%] Tobacco use [3.6%] Dietary risks [8.3%] Dietary risks [2.3%] High blood pressure [7.3%] High blood pressure [2.2%] Tobacco use [4.0%] Occupational risks [1.9%] Alcohol & drug use [1.6%] High fasting plasma glucose [4.0%] High fasting plasma glucose [1.4%] High total cholesterol [3.4%] Occupational risks [2.4%] Impaired kidney function [0.9%] High body-mass index [2.4%] Impaired kidney function [2.3%] Alcohol & drug use [1.8%] The percent ﬁgure in bracket next to each risk is DALYs from that risk out of total DALYs.
Risk factors 2016 Risk factors 2016 Malnutrition* [14.8%] 2 Air pollution [5.1%] High blood pressure [5.0%] 3 Tobacco use [4.9%] 4 Dietary risks [4.7%] 5 High fasting plasma glucose [4.0%] 6 WaSH† [3.9%] Alcohol & drug use [3.9%] 7 Occupational risks [2.6%] 8 Impaired kidney function [2.0%] 9 *Malnutrition is child and maternal malnutrition.

10 †WaSH is unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing.
11 12 High blood pressure [15.3%] Dietary risks [14.6%] Air pollution [10.4%] High fasting plasma glucose [10.0%] Malnutrition* [8.9%] High body-mass index [8.8%] High total cholesterol [6.6%] Tobacco use [4.8%] Impaired kidney function [4.4%] Alcohol & drug use [3.6%] Occupational risks [3.6%] WaSH† [2.4%] The percent ﬁgure in bracket next to each risk is DALYs from that risk out of total DALYs.

*Malnutrition is child and maternal malnutrition.

†WaSH is unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing.
How did the risk factors differ by sex in 2016?
Percent of total DALYs attributable to top 10 risks, ranked by percent for both sexes combined, 2016 Females Males High blood pressure Dietary risks Air pollution High fasting plasma glucose Malnutrition* High body-mass index High total cholesterol Tobacco use Impaired kidney function Alcohol & drug use 15 10 5 0 Percent of years of life lost and years lived with disability 0 5 10 15 Percent of years of life lost and years lived with disability Behavioural Environmental/occupational Metabolic *Malnutrition is child and maternal malnutrition.
4 Punjab