Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694839251401.pdf (Malaysia)
MALAYSIA COUNTRY REPORT: Impact of Climate Change on the Tourism Sector in Malaysia 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Scope of Country Report Carbon dioxide emissions in Malaysia Sources of emissions Global warming and climatic changes and impacts Impact on tourism sector Conclusion 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia - Year 2007 Emissions from All Sectors: 279 million tonnes Per Capita Emission for All Sectors: 10.7 tonnes Emissions from Energy Sector: 194 million tonnes Per Capita Emission for Energy Sector: 7.3 tonnes 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Sources of Emissions Increased urbanization Changes in land use Increased energy demand Increased usage of land transport Continuing reliance on fossil fuels 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Global Warming and Climatic Changes in Malaysia Temperature Increase since 1960s: 0.7-2.6 deg.
C. Sea-level rise: 1.25 mm/yr.

1986-2006.

 Rainfall: -30% to +30% since 1960s.

 Storm magnitude: 10% to 20% now.

15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Global Warming and Climate Change Impact Species loss and Earth’s ability to supply the world economy with basic goods and services Agriculture in Malaysia: 1deg.
C increase in temperature, 10% decrease in rice yield 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on Environmental Elements and Ecosystem Lands and soils – quantity and quality due to moisture stressed or saline.

 Water – availability (spatial and temporal distribution), quantity (high or low), and quality (fresh, saline or polluted).

 Forests – montane, upland and lowland, peatland, and mangrove.
Variable ecosystems – marine, estuarine and coastal, floodplain, and mountain.

15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on the Tourism Sector Increasing rainfall and heavy thunder- storms due to climatic changes, result in frequent flooding, especially in northern States – thereby render difficulties in travelling 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on the Tourism Sector Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climatic changes.
Too much rain and severe droughts reduce crop production and destroy some; 1 deg.

C temperature reduces rice yield by 10% and oil palm fruiting by 5%.

 Rice fields are tourism destinations in Malaysia, depicting indigenous culture.

15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on the Tourism Sector Biodiversity is highly vulnerable to climatic changes.

Biodiversity is a component of Nature-Based Tourism.
Climatic changes disrupt functioning of ecosystems, rendering low survival or extinction of some species of fauna and flora.

Many species of fauna and flora are attractive tourism products, e.g., orang utan.

 Tourists do not come to nature destinations where species have disappeared.

15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on the Tourism Sector Human Health is highly vulnerable to climate change.
When our health condition is degrading, we can’t travel around, especially to distant places.

 Climatic changes cause increased burden from malnutrition, cardio- respiratory and infectious diseases, vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever caused by mosquitoes.
Consequently, the tourism sector is affected by incidences of vector- borne diseases, stimulated by climatic changes 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Impact on the Tourism Sector Scuba Diving and Snorkeling in Coral Gardens are popular activities for tourists.

Tourists want to observe colourful corals and schools of fish swimming around the corals.

But coral bleaching (discolouration) occurs when sea- water temperature rises to 30 deg.

C and above.
C and above.

This phenomenon happened in many diving spots in Malaysia in 2010, drepriving Tourists of their favourite activities.

15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Conclusion: Climatic changes has grave consequences on environmental elements that are products of tourism.

Malaysia has crafted mitigation measures to address the Effects of climate change.

Such measures are in the forms of green policies and environmental management system to combat the impact.
In spite of global climate change, the tourism industry maintains its growth at 9% for the period 2000 – 2010.

In 2009, the number of international tourists arriving in Malaysia was 23.5 million people, and in 2010 the number increased to 24.6 million people.

 United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) ranks Malaysia as Number 9 in the world of most visited destinations.
15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL Thank You Terima Kasih 15th Genaral Assembly of APPCED, 6 ‐ 9 June 2011, KL