Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694823966991.pdf (Fiji)
ANNUAL REPORT 2013 2013 Annual Report www.srif.net.fj PARLIAMENT OF FIJI PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NO.

50 OF 2018 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | CONTENTS 1 2013 ANNUAL REPORT MISSION STATEMENT To advance the industry by excellence in technology transfer emanating from research results through science that supports innovative activities in sugar related industries and to make the Fiji Sugar Industry productive and sustainable.
BOARD MEMBERS Professor John Morrison (Chairman) Mr. Sanjay Prakash (Secretary) Mr. Jai Gawander (CEO) Dr. Krishnamurthi Mr. Sundresh Chetty Mr. Viliame Gucake Mr. Mangaiya Reddy Mr. Seru Vularika Mr. Suresh Patel SCIENCE AUDIT COMMITTEE MEMBERS Dr. Krishnamurthi (Chairman) Mr. Sanjay Prakash (Secretary) Mr. Jai Gawander (CEO) Mr. Mangaiya Reddy Professor John Morrison Mr. Sundresh Chetty Mr. Seru Vularika Cover Page: Sneak peek - one of two promising varieties due for release in 2014 2 CONTENTS | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji CONTENTS PLANT BREEDING 5 CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION 21 APPROVED VARIETIES 37 ANNUAL REPORT 2013 FORWARD 4 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY 12 FACP APPENDICIES 25 FINANCIAL REPORT 41 PARLIAMENT OF FIJI PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NO.
50 OF 2018 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | CONTENTS 3 2013 ANNUAL REPORT FORWARD The year 2013 witnessed the inauguration of the new and much needed crossing shed facility that was completed at the beginning of the year and was utilized for setting the bi-parental crosses.

Two ambitious projects were initiated during the year that included the comparative study on family versus individual selection as an early selection criteria and the Nobilization of the Erianthus species.
Both these projects were funded by the ACP-SRP EU funding.

A total of 705 crosses were set in 2013 and 233 packets fuzz was imported from West Indies.

Some crosses were made with the Erianthus species during the crossing season and seedlings from previous years Erianthus crosses were DNA tested but none of them were positive.

A total of 1008 packets of fuzz was sown but there was very poor germination and this continues to be a major challenge for the plant breeding team.
The selection and advancement of clones continued in the different stages of the plant breeding program.

300 clones were advanced to the second stage from the 6000 stage 1 seedlings, 93 varieties progressed from stage 2 to stage 3 and 15 clones were advanced to stage 4.

No promising varieties were identified in the advanced stage trials.

The analytical laboratory continues to provide fertilizer recommendation to farmers that plant cane.
989 soil samples from grower’s fields were analysed for planting of sugarcane.

Sugarcane samples from Research trials are analysed regularly to identify promising varieties.

A new equipment “Spectracane” that has a high throughput automated analyser was purchased and commissioned during the year.

3775 cane samples were analysed using the Spectracane.
The production of hot water treatment seedcane continued during the year but the uptake from the nurseries continues to be low and this is due to extended planting times.

The availability of quality seedcane of different varieties for planting remains a major challenge and this contributes to the dominance of one variety Mana being planted extensively.
Mitigation measures for availability of seedcane has to be seriously looked into if the industry wants to diversify the varieties planted and to maximize sugar make.

A preliminary experiment was carried out to monitor the population of cane weevil borer by using the pheromone trap and results show the combination of lures with small pieces of cane had a positive impact in attracting the cane weevil borer.
A total of 63 new clones were screened for Fiji leaf gall disease out of which 53 were resistant and 5 susceptible.

My sincere thanks are due to all staff for their hard work and dedication to the institute under testing times.
Chief executive officer 4 FORWARD | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 PLANT BREEDING Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | PLANT BREEDING 5 2013 ANNUAL REPORT PLANT BREEDING PROJECT 1: ACP PROJECT – A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL MASS SELECTION METHODS AS EARLY SELECTION CRITERIA The LF2010 series prototype trial Stage 2 was evaluated however trial data could not be analyzed due to passing away of consultant Dr. D. M. Hogarth.
A suitable biometrician to help with the analysis is being sought.

The actual trial LF2012 series was planted in April 2013 with 27 bi-parental crosses from West Indies and 18 crosses from SRIF polycrosses.

The initial requirement of having 100 or 50 families could not be met due to unavailability of fuzz from bi-parental crosses (delay in commissioning of facilities) as well as seedlings from West Indies fuzz being damaged by TC Evan winds.
For LF2013 series trial, further 233 packets were imported from West Indies however it only had 17 bi-parental crosses whereas 103 bi-parental SRIF crosses were sown.

However due to poor germination from SRIF crosses, 50 crosses from West Indies having required seedlings were earmarked for planting in 2014.

PROJECT 2: ACP PROJECT - NOBILIZATION OF ERIANTHUS The Erianthus crosses were continued in 2013 and a total of 57 crosses were conducted.
39 packets of fuzz from 2013 and previous years were sown in 2013 of which 22 packets germinated and the seedlings were planted in the stage 1 trials.

The DNA tests were carried out in LF2011 progenies however no positive results were attained.

PROJECT 3: GERMPLASM/ BREEDING PLOTS The re-planted germplasm as well as old germplasm was maintained, Bed 5 of old germplasm was ploughed out by FSC without consultation hence valuable materials were lost which were still under review.
Sampling of the re-planted germplasm was initiated however almost 50% of it got burnt and the small mill results were taken to be unreliable since problems with Spectracane was experienced at the same time.

The breeding plots were maintained and the transfer of materials from farmers land to the SRIF attained land continued.

The problems with securing a cane contract again saw delay in ratooning the arrowing beds and eventually the cane had to be discarded.
Additional 10 Vietnam varieties (5 S. officinarum and 5 Vietnam Erianthus) were included in the breeding plots with flowering anticipated in 2014 season.

PROJECT 4: SUGARCANE CROSSING A total of 705 crosses were set and the breakdown with % per type is provided in Table 1.0.

The crossing event was carried from May to July and the fuzz maturation and packing was done till September.

The new crossing shed was available for lantern crosses and a total of 558 crosses were set in the lantern.
6 PLANT BREEDING | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Table 1: 2013 Sugarcane Crosses Type of cross No.
of cross % Total per type % Per type l a i c r e m m o C l a t n e m i r e p x E Poly crosses Polycross - lantern Bi-parental Bi-parental - lantern Erianthus Erianthus - lantern IJ/IK hybrids IJ/IK - lantern Officinarum Officinarum - lantern Erianthus Hybrids - lantern Erianthus Hybrids s e s s o r c k c a B Robustum hybrids Erianthus hybrids - poly Robustum hybrids - lantern Total Crosses 705 100 705 100 PROJECT 5: FUZZ SOWING A total of 1008 packets (comprising 937 unique genetic combinations) were sown for 2013 season from 2011-2013 crosses giving 58% germination.
This included 233 packets imported from West Indies.

The breakdown of the type of crosses sown from different years is provided in Table 2.

The 2013 crosses recorded very poor germination due to unknown reasons however some of the following have been identified that could be the reasons: - - Poorly established cane stalks that were used for crosses due to late ratooning of breeding Low temperatures and absence of lighting during anthesis.

plots.

- Fuzz handling.


- Inexperienced with new crossing technique and poor monitoring of lantern crosses.

- Clash with preparations for Nobilization workshop therefore diversion of manpower.

Some of this will be investigated in 2014 crossing season.

PROJECT 6: STAGE 1 LF2012 series was evaluated and LF2013 series was planted this year.

A total of 300 clones were selected for LF2012 Stage 2 from approximately6000 seedlings.
The criteria used was individual mass selection whereby mean brix of standards together with visual assessment on agronomic characteristics and disease symptoms was used to select test clones.

Approximately 9000 seedlings were planted for LF2013 series in December 2013.

Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | PLANT BREEDING 7 2013 ANNUAL REPORT PROJECT 7: STAGE 2 LF2011 Stage 2 was evaluated and LF2012 Stage 2 was planted.
A total of 93 varieties were selected from LF2011 Stage 2 for Stage 3 based on small mill data and visual field assessment on agronomic and visible disease characteristics.

A total of 300 clones were planted for LF2012 stage 2 in December.

PROJECT 8: STAGE 3 LF2010 series was evaluated and LF2011 series planted.

LF2010 Stage 4 propagation plots were also planted for LF2010 Stage 4 trials to be planted in 2014.
A total of 15 clones were selected for Stage 4 whereas 93 varieties were planted for LF2011 Stage 3.
Table 2: 2013 Fuzz Sowing TYPE Bi-parental Bi-parental Poly Poly Ij/ik hybrids Ij/ik hybrids Officinarum Officinarum Erianthus Erianthus 2011 2012 2013 n w o S m r e G % n w o S m r e G % n w o S m r e G % Erianthus/ Robustum hybrids 7 5 71 TOTAL 385 234 61 191 124 65 128 8 6 Table 2: Cont’d TYPE l a i c r e m m o C Bi-parental Bi-parental Poly Poly Wi m r e G n w o S % n w o S 103 17 10 59 17 G/total m r e G 5 10 344 218 216 163 75 216 163 % 5 59 63 75 8 PLANT BREEDING | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Table 2: Cont’d TYPE Wi m r e G n w o S % Ij/ik hybrids l a t n e m Ij/ik hybrids Officinarum ANNUAL REPORT 2013 G/total n w o S 37 109 9 56 17 22 m r e G 16 77 5 18 7 15 % 43 71 56 32 41 68 Officinarum Erianthus Erianthus i r e p x E s s o r c t u O Erianthus/ Robustum hybrids 7 5 71 TOTAL Stage 4 trials 233 173 74 937 539 58 2006 Series LF2016 series underwent 1st ratoon evaluation in 2012 and the following table shows the data after small mill analysis.
The mean of all the parameters is given.
Table 3: 1st ratoon results of LF2006 stage 4 Commercial Varieties tc/ha ts/ha %pocs %fiber LF91-1925 Mana Naidiri Ragnar Test Varieties LF06-525 LF06-529 LF06-591 LF06-320 LF06-336 LF06-566 LF06-165 LF06-353 LF06-426 LF06-372 LF06- Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | PLANT BREEDING 9 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Table 3: Cont’d Commercial Varieties tc/ha ts/ha %pocs %fiber Test Varieties LF06-539 LF06-433 LF06-381 112 100 100 16.0 14.3 13.7 14.9 14.0 14.6 11.0 12.0 11.6 The trial has 14 varieties in 1st ratoon and was planted both in Drasa and Rarawai.
The results show that none of the varieties had mean %pocs better than the best standard i.e.

Naidiri whereas only one variety LF06-529 had %pocs equal to Ragnar.

All the varieties recorded mean %pocs better than Mana and LF91-1925.

A full statistical analysis will be carried out for the trials at the end of 2nd ratoon to identify potential varieties as promising however the varieties will continue to be monitored in the field as well for physical attributes better than commercials.
2007 Series LF2007 Stage 4 underwent plant crop evaluation in 2012 and the following table provides data on mean for the traits evaluated.
Table 4: Plant crop results of LF2007 stage 4 Variety Naidiri Kaba Mana Ragnar Test varieties LF07-79 LF99-1254 LF00-631 LF07-117 LF07-156 LF07-148 LF07-397 LF99-1126 LF00-1057 LF07-168 LF07-169 LF00-491 LF07-157 LF07-83 LF07-124 tc/ha ts/ha %pocs %fiber PLANT BREEDING | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Table 4: Cont’d Variety Test varieties LF07-126 LF07-112 LF07-81 LF07-90 LF07-104 LF07-488 LF07-671 LF07-99 LF07-669 LF07-504 ANNUAL REPORT 2013 tc/ha ts/ha %pocs %fiber The above table shows the results of plant from LF2007 series.
The trial has 25 test varieties and was planted in Lautoka, Rarawai, Penang and Labasa.

6 varieties have the mean %pocs less than the mean %pocs of the least standard i.e.

Kaba.

A full statistical analysis will be carried out for the trials at the end of 2nd ratoon to identify potential varieties as promising however the varieties will continue to be monitored in the field as well for physical attributes better than commercials.
2008 Series (Plant) Eighteen varieties from LF2008 series were planted in Lautoka, Rarawai, Penang and Labasa.

The trials were planted in May and June 2012.

The plant, 1st ratoon and 2nd ratoon crop evaluation for this trial will be due in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively.
Seedlings of new varieties in the greenhouse Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | PLANT BREEDING 11 2013 ANNUAL REPORT ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY 12 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY Analytical laboratory is the base for all research work carried out at Sugar Research Institute of Fiji.

Analytical services provided at SRIF analytical laboratory include soil, foliar and cane analysis.
Soil and leaf samples are received from the cane belt area in Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.

Soil and foliar samples are analyzed for various nutrient elements namely; potassium, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, as well as pH for soils.

Soils are also analyzed for organic matter, nitrogen, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity and pH buffering capacity for research projects.

Cane samples are analyzed for %pol, %brix, and %fiber for research trials conducted by SRIF.
The laboratory also conducts trainings for extension field staffs and growers on fertilizer advisory service.

Soil and leaf analysis A total of 989 advisory soil samples, 133 research soil samples, 64 advisory leaf samples and 72 research leaf samples were received for analysis.

The number of samples received from each district is summarized in the table.
1.1. below; Table 1: Summary of soil samples for 2013 District Lautoka Rarawai Penang Labasa Total Soil Advisory 390 276 25 298 989 Research 28 - - 105 133 Leaf Advisory - 5 - 59 64 Research - - - 72 72 The laboratory continues to adhere to internal and external quality check programs to ensure reliable data is provided to growers and research staffs.

Two staffs attended Soil Analysis for Technicians training at Hill Laboratories in New Zealand to improve hands on skill in soil and leaf analysis.
Moreover, a consultant from New Zealand, Brian Daly, trained staffs in laboratory practices and revised soil and leaf analysis methods.

Calibration of equipment and instrument as well as documentation of laboratory data and methods was demonstrated to staffs.

Flow injection analysis was bought with European Union funding for phosphorus and nitrogen analysis of soil, leaf and water samples.
Cane analysis A total of 3775 cane samples were analyzed in 2013 from agronomy, and breeding trials as well as small mill project as summarized in the table 1.2.

Table 2: Summary of cane samples 2013 Projects Agronomy Small mill Project Variety Total No.
of cane samples analyzed 204 30 3541 3775 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY 13 2013 ANNUAL REPORT The laboratory purchased the Spectracane - a new generation of high-throughput, automated sugar cane analyzers of cane analysis for research and development activities (crop improvement, agronomy, diseases).

The instrument is capable of analyzing 300 cane samples in a day which will hasten analysis of cane and derivation of data for breeding trials.
A total of 3755 cane samples were analysed using Spectracane, 10 samples by Jeffco and 10 by Disintegrator.

Phosphorus project Phosphorus project, a collaborative project among Fiji, Mauritius and Jamaica, funded by European Union, recommenced from August after installation of Flow Injection Analysis (FIA).
The objective of this project is to identify high P soils, determine the sugarcane farms vulnerability to erosion and runoff and to develop the P index, which will combine the factors of source and vulnerability to transport to identify sources of P movement within a watershed.
The expected outcome is to predict soil test P in both agronomic status and environmental status of sugarcane soils, to enlarge scope of current soil P test to indicate environmental status of sugarcane soil and to determine an environmental threshold.

The project officially commenced in April 2011 whereby the rainfall simulator had to be calibrated initially after which the field simulation commenced.
Simulated rainfall was applied on 16 sites having 3 slopes each with different rainfall intensities with different soil test phosphorous levels.

Runoff was collected in it’s entirely for 30 minutes analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive phosphorous.

Soil samples were collected from 0-15cm and 15-30cm depths.

A total of 20 sites are proposed to be simulated in a three year period.

Each site has an average of 58 runoff samples.

Analysis is completed for 14 sites.


The project is on hold for a moment due to a problem associated with the UV spectrophotometer machine.

The project recommenced in August, 2013 after when FIA was being replaced.

Table 3: Samples collected from sectors Study Site Slope and rainfall intensity 1.

Vitogo 3 slopes by 3 rainfall intensities 2.

Wairabetia 1 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 3.

Rarawai 4.

Sabeto_1 5.

Sabeto_ 2 6.

Sabeto_3 7.

Sabeto_4 8.

Solovi_1 9.
Solovi_1 9.

Solovi_2 1 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 2 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 1 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 2 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 2 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 2 slope by 3 rainfall intensities Number of sample collected Runoff Bedload Soil 18 6 5 49 25 66 49 107 70 - - - 5 6 12 12 18 12 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 14 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Table 3: Cont’d Study Site Slope and rainfall intensity 10.
Solovi_3 11.

Solovi_4 12.

Drasa 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 13.

Nawaicoba 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities 14.


Sonaisali 3 slope by 3 rainfall intensities Total Meteorology ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Number of sample collected Runoff Bedload Soil 81 96 78 70 74 18 18 18 16 16 794 151 4 4 10 8 13 62 INTRODUCTION The Meteorological station at the Sugar Research Institute of Fiji is equipped with a range of meteorological equipment and maintained by both the staff of SRIF and the technicians of the Fiji Meteorological Station in Nadi.
SUGAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FIJI, DRASA STATION (V77555) The weather and climate of Fiji was generally influenced by the troughs of low pressure, tropical depressions and disturbances, frontal systems, ridges of high pressure and east to southeast wind flow.

While there was no significant extreme weather event recorded in 2013, there were occasions when some parts of the country experienced localized flooding and dry spells.

Subsequently, thirty-nine (39) new rainfall and temperature records established.
EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) The ENSO indicators in the Pacific fluctuated within the neutral range throughout 2013, thus neither El Nino nor La Nina conditions were present.

However, on occasions, the ENSO indicators swung towards La Nina conditions, but could not sustain for long as the atmosphere failed to support the oceanic change.

For example, in January and February, sea surface temperatures (SST) approached a borderline La Nina level.
Although the atmospheric characteristics of La Nina appeared briefly, the ocean-atmosphere system as a whole did not remain in a La Nina state for long enough to sustain a weak La Nina event.

Moreover, from May to September, the SST’s were cooler than average in the far eastern tropical Pacific (Figure 1).

However, these cold sea surface temperatures were positioned too far to the east to be considered indicative of a basin-wide La Nina episode.
Since then, the SST’s have warmed and have been near average till the end of the year.

The sub-surface temperatures (between 100 to 150 meters) remained generally near average for first half and slightly warmer than average for the second half of the year.

The trade winds also fluctuated within the neutral range, while the tropical cloudiness near the date line was below normal from September to December period.
Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY 15 2013 ANNUAL REPORT RAINFALL The annual rainfall for all the 4 mills was above average when compared to the 43 years average.

For the month of February, March, May, June, November and December, Lautoka recorded above average rainfall while the rest of the months recorded below average rainfall.
For the month of March, May, June, November and December, Rarawai recorded above average rainfall and the remaining months recorded below average rainfall.

For Penang, February, March, April, June, July and October experienced above average rainfall while the other months received less rain compared to the 43 years average.

For Labasa, March, June, August to November received above average rainfall while the other months had little rain.
Table 4: Rainfall (mm) for all mills 2013 Mills Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Lautoka Mill Monthly Rainfall No.

of rain days 43 yrs.

Avg.

(1971-2013) % of Average Rarawai Mill Monthly Rainfall No.

of rain days 43 yrs.

Avg.

(1971-2013) % of Average Penang Mill Monthly Rainfall No.

of rain days 43 yrs.

Avg.

(1971-2013) % of Average Labasa Mill Monthly Rainfall No.

of rain days 43 yrs.

Avg.
(1971-2013) % of Average ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Table 5: Rainfall Data (mm) for Lautoka Mill 2013 Sectors Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Drasa No.
of rain days Saweni No.

of rain days Natova No.

of rain days Legalega No.

of rain days Meigunyah No.

of rain days Malolo No.

of rain days Nawaicoba No.

of rain days Yako No.

of rain days Lomawai No.

of rain days Cuvu No.

of rain days Olosara No.
of rain days Table 6: Rainfall Data (mm) for Rarawai Mill 2013 Sectors Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Varoko No.
of rain days Mota No.

of rain days Koronubu No.

of rain days Rarawai No.
of rain days Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY 17 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Table 6: Cont’d Sectors Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Veisaru No.
of rain days Varavu No.

of rain days Naloto No.

of rain days Tagitagi No.

of rain days Drumasi No.

of rain days Yaladro No.
of rain days Table 7: Rainfall Data (mm) for Penang Mill 2013 Sectors Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 3 13 20 17 17 73 94 152 124 311 461 419 257 Ellington 1 No.
of rain days Malau No.

of rain days Nanuku No.

of rain days Ellington 11 263 330 240 217 No.

of rain days 48 417 416 109 15 18 13 13 23 21 25 10 20 5 6 92 72 28 16 9 15 13 6 38 17 92 15 - - - - Table 8: Rainfall Data (mm) for Labasa Mill 2013 Sectors Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Waiqele No.
of rain days Wailevu No.

of rain days Vunimoli No.

of rain days Korowiri (Labasa) No.
of rain days ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Table 8: Cont’d Sectors Nagigi (Bucaisau) No.
of rain days Wainikoro No.

of rain days Daku No.

of rain days Natua (Seaqaqa) No.

of rain days Rokosalase 330 347 1028 185 No.

of rain days Naravuka No.

of rain days Kurukuru No.

of rain days Vunivutu No.

of rain days No.

of rain days Seaqaqa Sub.

St. No.
of rain days RELATIVE HUMIDITY The relative humidity calculated at 0900 hours was generally above average in Lautoka when compared to the 44 years average.
SUNSHINE There is no sunshine recorder installed at the Drasa Meteorological station.

EARTH THERMOMETERS The earth thermometer at the depth of 5cm was slightly higher than the long term average for the months of January, April, May, July and August whereas at the depth of 10cm was above average for the months of July and August.

For the 20cm temperatures, only the months of April, May and August have above average values.
Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY 19 2013 ANNUAL REPORT AIR TEMPERATURES The daytime air temperatures are very close to and above average for the months of February, April to September and November to December and below average for the remaining months.

The highest maximum temperature recorded was 34°C for the month of April and the minimum temperature was recorded as 15°C for the month of September.
Table 9: Meteorological data for Sugar Research Institute of Fiji, Lautoka 2013 Measurements Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Relative Humidity 71 79 81 75 77 80 72 70 66 63 71 74 44 yrs Avg.

(1970- 2013) 75 77 77 75 74 72 69 68 69 66 70 72 Air Temperature (°C) Mean maximum Mean Max 44 yrs Avg.

(1970-2013) mean Minimum Mean Min 44 yrs Avg.
(1970-2013) Mean Highest Maximum Lowest Minimum Raised pan Raised pan - - 133 166 113 136 58 170 146 230 209 Earth Thermometers 5cm 10cm 20cm 29 28 28 28 26 - - - - - - 29 27 24 25 26 24 24 25 25 - 25 26 25 26 - - - - - 27 - - - - - - - 29 29 29 100cm 44 yrs Avg.
(1970- 2013) 5cm 44 yrs Avg.

(1970- 2013) 10cm 44 yrs Avg.

(1970- 2013) 20cm Note: Some readings for the earth thermometers were not recorded so the 44 years average cannot be calculated.

27 26 24 24 27 28 24 24 26 26 26 27 29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A rain simulator for the Phosphorus project in operation (100mm/hr.
rate) 20 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY & METEOROLOGY | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION 21 2013 ANNUAL REPORT SEED CANE NURSERY PROGRAM Heat treatment of seed cane before planting is used to eliminate bacterial disease such as Ratoon Stunting Disease and some minor fungal diseases prior to the establishment of seed cane nurseries.
A long hot-water treatment of 50° C for 2-3 hours temperature/ time range used in Fiji after experimentations of varietal heat tolerance.

Heat treatment for seed cane production continued in the 2013 season.

The uptake of seed cane from the estates in 2013 has improved gradually as a result of farmers realizing the benefits of planting seed cane from approved plots.
Table 1: Uptake trend of seed cane from Approved seed plots (2010 – 2013) Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total seed cane available Total seed cane taken % uptake to date 4368.0 3776.2 2268.0 490.8 176.45 237.46 177.31 217.80 4.0 6.3 7.8 44.4 The amount of seed cane that was available for planting in 2013 was 490t.
Tonnes % 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Naidiri Ragnar Aiwa Beqa Figure 1: Uptake of varieties in percentage Naidiri variety had the highest uptake of 57%; followed by Ragnar of 26%; followed by Aiwa of 15% and; Beqa of 2%.
It is envisaged that the marketing of these varieties is pertinent to increasing awareness for farmers especially for high sugar varieties and early to mid - maturing varieties An inspection of the hot water treated seed bed was done and found only minor leaf diseases present.

Samples taken for RSD incidence are yet to be analyzed by SRIF Pathology lab.
HWT 22 CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 seed cane sold from the estates totaled 217.8t which was taken by farmers directly including FSC Nursery Officers.

A good amount of seed cane was given freely through the SRIF Technology Transfer demonstration plots for “weed control” and “varietal spread” in farmers’ fields.
Cane Weevil Borer Preliminary experiment was conducted on comparison of R. ferrugineus and R. obscurus pheromone strength on cane weevil borer in Fiji.

In this experiment, monitoring of borer populations was carried out in areas where trials were established using pheromone trap.

This project was designed to know the best pheromone to manage the borer population in Fiji.

Experiments with different lures of pheromones and cut sugarcane were carried out from April to December, 2013 in Drasa Sector.
The following treatment combinations were laid.

Table 2: Summary of study sites Treatment details 1.

Lures of pheromone of R. obscurus (R.O) plus small pieces of split cane (SC).

2.

Lures of pheromone of R. ferrugineus (R.F) plus small pieces of split cane (SC).

3.

Lures of pheromone of R. obscurus (R.O) and R. ferrugineus (R.F) plus small pieces of split cane (SC).

4.

Control -small pieces of split cane (SC) 5.


The fifth location has the combination of all the four treatments laid in one field randomly.

Locations Raviravi Drasa, No.1 road.

Karavi Drasa, Johnson Rd Drasa, Dam road Each trap was baited one of the above treatment combinations and set up at each of the five locations in Drasa sector on April 12, 2013.

Cane weevils borer in the traps were removed on fortnightly basis and counted.
Percent of Borer attracted to different treatment 2% 16% 26% RF RO&RF RO Cane trap 56% Figure 2: Percent borer to treatment attraction Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION 23 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Therefore, the experiments have showed that the combination of Lures of pheromone of R. obscurus (R.O) and R. ferrugineus (R.F) plus small pieces of split cane (SC) have the high strength in attracting the cane weevil borer.
Fiji leaf gall disease (FLGD) The varieties from the stage three selections from the breeding department were sent for screening for Fiji Disease virus.

A total 63 clones were sent for testing together with the recommended 10 standards.

These clones were from the LF2010 – series.

The results which were supported by statistical calculations proved that the standards and days are highly significant (P<0.000).There were negative linear relationships between standards and days (R²=0.9477).
The linear equation is y=-6.2245x+104.62 resistance to FDV.

Table 3: Number of clones screened for Fiji leaf gall disease Series screened LF 2010 Disease control Resistance (1-3) 53 Clone Resistance (Ratings) Moderate (4-6) 5 Susceptible (7-9) 5 The commercial sugarcane fields are inspected after planting and after harvesting.

A roguer walks in between 2nd and 3rd row, checking 2 rows on either side.

There-after he walks through every 4th row, inspecting 2 rows on either sides.
If disease stools are found in any field, the whole field is rogued row by row.

In addition, all field is within a radius of 1 kilometer of any disease field are also inspected.

The later operation also allows for inspection of the ratoon cane.

Known diseased farms under ratoon cane are inspectd row by row to ensure that the disease do not recur.

Ratoon farms on the periphery of the cane growing zones are also checked to prevent the likelihood of any invasion of the disease.
The inspectors covered an area of 6910.18 ha consisting of 1092.45ha plant and 5817.73ha ratoon cane.

During the season the inspectors removed and destroyed 538 stools of Fiji disease.

Mill District Lautoka Nadi Labasa Sigatoka Rarawai/Tavua Penang Total No.

of Farms Inspected 275 495 544 314 356 34 2018 Area Rouged (Ha) Ratoon Plant 86.93 116.63 634.4 76.11 178.38 0 1092.45 604.77 1554.69 2782.8 516.19 320.18 39.1 5817.73 No.
of FLGD stools Rouged 62 281 0 164 31 0 538 Automated watering system for heat treated seedcane 24 CROP PRODUCTION & PROTECTION | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 FACP APPENDICES Appendix 1: Main features of 2013 season compared with 2012 Details Total registrations (Numbers) Total farm basic allotments (tonnes) Total registered area (hectares) Total area cultivated (hectares) Total area harvested (hectares) Total farm harvest quotas (tonnes) Sugar make actual (tonnes) Tonnes 94 N.T sugar Yield tonnes 94 N.T.sugar per hectare Tonnes cane per tonnes sugar 94 N.T.
%POCS Cane purity average for season Tonnes cane harvested Tonnes cane crushed Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 25 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 2: Monthly rainfall(mm) for 2013 compared with long term average Mills No.
of years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total a k o t u a L i a w a r a R a s a b a L g n a n e P 2013 actual 106 544 531 84 127 82 17 33 46 75 354 439 2438 105 yrs avg.

to 2013 309 323 324 184 98 66 51 69 74 91 128 190 1907 2013 actual 218 355 468 111 159 88 9 30 31 96 277 426 2268 128 yrs avg.

to 2012 358 360 363 288 80 38 29 97 104 146 223 239 2324 2013 actual 329 334 937 40 83 96 27 115 105 216 227 246 2755 125 yrs avg.
to 2013 367 362 383 234 110 65 47 51 104 102 206 254 2284 2013 actual 311 462 414 290 140 103 62 31 37 122 116 254 2342 116 yrs avg.
to 2013 440 354 406 382 123 70 52 91 87 145 155 243 2548 Appendix 3: Crop production details Crop Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Areas harvested (hectares) Plant 279 566 First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Total Cane Harvested (tonnes) Plant First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Total Yield tonnes cane per hectare (tch) Plant First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Avg.
yield/ha Varieties crushed (% of total cane harvested) Ragnar Aiwa Beqa 0.36 0.15 Nil nil 0 0.1 nil 6.6 0.2 nil 5.5 0.2 26 FACP APPENDICES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Appendix 3: Cont’d Crop Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 ANNUAL REPORT 2013 0 2.2 Varieties crushed (% of total cane harvested) Galoa Kaba Mali Mana Naidiri Vatu Waya LF91-1925 Nil 4.4 Nil 93.14 1.26 Nil 0.27 0.03 0.04 2.18 Nil 94.5 1.07 Nil Nil 0.54 94 1.1 0.8 5.2 92.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 Kiuva Expt./Others Total 0.52 0.4 100 0.9 0.3 100 0.16 0.22 100 0.3 0.6 100 4.31 0.21 11.13 nil 33.69 16.77 8.04 0.48 0.11 1.13 100 5.9 0.4 11.9 33.3 17.5 7.7 0.9 0.7 0 100 nil 0.23 0.27 98.28 0.86 0.05 0.1 nil nil 0.14 100 nil Appendix 4: Rainfall (mm) at mill centres Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang For 12 months ended 31st December For 12 months ended 30th September Appendix 5: Rainfall distribution affecting 2013 crop(mm) Month Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Period Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid 24.8
105.0 128.0 1.8 9.0 7.8 58.2 7.9 9.2 15.6 24.8 174.7 28.1 74.6 44.7 33.3 14.0 12.4 35.8 321.0 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 27 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 5: Cont’d Month Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Period Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early - 1st to 10th of the month Mid - 11th to 20th of the month Late - 21st to end of the month Appendix 6 : hectares harvested Average for period of five seasons Last four seasons individually Mills Crop 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006/ 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 Lautoka P R 4007 3634 2944 1042 788 684 1344 279 566 19743 20580 19701 19730 14614 13096 10610 11925 10403 Total 23750 24214 22645 20772 15402 13780 11954 12204 10969 Rarawai P R 3574 2899 3164 1055 1127 1078 1370 665 833 14805 17360 14613 17585 14553 12441 11291 12206 11415 Total 18379 20259 17777 18640 15680 13519 12661 12871 12248 Labasa P R 2512 3120 2597 1269 1116 1086 2065 559 1598 17181 19604 18348 15911 14039 12888 12389 12799 10054 Total 19693 22724 20945 17180 15155 13974 14454 13358 11652 Penang P R 1396 5029 1386 4958 1120 4674 542 339 220 522 158 318 4568 3991 3434 3265 3367 2973 Total 6425 6344 5794 5110 4330 3654 3787 3525 3291 28 FACP APPENDICES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Appendix 6 : Cont’d Average for period of five seasons Last four seasons individually ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Mills Crop 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006/ 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 All mills P R 11489 11039 9825 3908 3369 3067 5300 1661 3315 56758 62502 57336 57794 47197 41860 37556
 40298 34845 Total 68247 73541 67161 61702 50567 44927 42856 41959 38160 Appendix 7: Tonnes of cane harvested Average for period of five seasons Last four seasons individually Mills 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006/ 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 Lautoka 1048942 1283569 1216597 971454 763321 527663 652333 481483 405652 Rarawai 1006366 1017374 957507 878509 738316 522114 663774 508638 498881 Labasa 1015166 1166055 1017061 840388 695728 554575 570468 413285 546156 Penang 332592 291206 309205 239044 213253 175701 208860 143568 159720 All mills 3403066 3758204 3500370 2929395 2410619 1780053 2095435 1546974 1610409 Appendix 8 : Tonnes of cane per hectare harvested Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills Crop P R Total P R Total P R Total P R Total P R Total Average for period of five seasons Last four seasons individually 1986/ 1990 65.4 1991/ 1995 64.7 1996/ 2000 64.2 2001/ 2005 63.9 2006/ Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 29 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 9 : Hectares harvested in relation to registered area and cultivated area (ha) Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Total Area (ha) % of registered and cultivated area harvested Registered Cultivated Harvested Registered Cultivated 22272 21569 18385 7824 70049 14570 19829 15438 4054 53891 12204 12871 13358 3525 41958 54.8
 59.7 72.7 45.1 59.9 83.8 64.9 86.5 87.0 77.9 Appendix 10 : Plant cane harvested as percentage of total cane harvested Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills Average for period of five seasons 1996/ 2000 13 1991/ 1995 15 2001/ 2005 5 1986/ 1990 17 19 13 22 17 14 14 23 16 18 12 19 15 6 7 11 7 2006/ 2010 5.5 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.4 Last four seasons individually 2010 2011 2012 2013 7.5 10.1 9.9 6.9 8.9 14 12.9 16.9 13.3 14.4 3.1 6.9 5.9 5.1 5.3 7.1 9.4 17.4 8.1 10.5 Appendix 11: Plant, ratoon yields and percentage of total area harvested - 2013 Crop Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills Plant Area ha 279 665 559 158 1661 tch 53.9 53.1 43.9 46.4 49.5 % of Area 2.3 First ratoon Area ha 1220 tch 45.3 % of Area 10.0 Other ratoons Area ha 10704 % of Area 87.7 tch 38.4 5.2 4.2 4.5 4.0 47.8 42.1 46.8 44.9 1339 1896 533 4988 10.4 14.2 15.1 11.9 37.7 28.3 39.3 35.1 10866 10904 2834 35308 84.4 81.6 80.4 84.2 All cane tch 39.5 39.5 30.9 40.7 36.9 Area ha 12204 12871 13356 3525 41959 Appendix 12 : Seasonal %POCS in cane Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Rough average for period of five seasons 1996/ 2000 11.4 11.4 11.1 11.1 1991/ 1995 12.5 12.9 12.1 12.6 2001/ 2005 11.5 11.9 11.5 11.9 1986/ 1990 12.0 12.1 12.4 12.2 2006/ 2010 10.8 10.9 10.7 11.1 All Mill Avg.
12.3 12.5 11.2 11.7 11.0 30 FACP APPENDICES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Last four seasons individually 2010 2011 2012 2013 10.9 9.6 10.0 10.6 10.9 9.6 9.8 10.0 9.6 9.8 10.66 10.65 11.64 11.53 11.12 11.60 11.54 11.24 10.64 11.26 Appendix 13: Weekly POCS in cane 2013 season Week no.
Week ending Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang ANNUAL REPORT 2013 1-Jul-13 8-Jul-13 15-Jul-13 22-Jul-13 29-Jul-13 5-Aug-13 12-Aug-13 19-Aug-13 26-Aug-13 2-Sep-13 9-Sep-13 16-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 30-Sep-13 7-Oct-13 14-Oct-13 21-Oct-13 28-Oct-13 4-Nov-13 11-Nov-13 18-Nov-13 25-Nov-13 2-Dec- Season average 11.6 11.5 11.2 10.6 Appendix 14 : Sugar produced (tonnes 94 N.T.
equivalent) Mills Tonnes sugar 94 N.T equivalent 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Lautoka 97315 96875 75656 77311 53313 43384 50306 48129 41874 Rarawai 84258 106781 78786 63954 42222 31580 61028 45732 60039 Labasa 90347 83970 68255 53160 57548 40943 45146 45398 63423 Penang 24733 30937 21858 23231 22818 18530 16838 19908 19258 All mills 296653 318563 244555 217656 175901 134436 173318 159166 184594 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 31 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 15 : Sugar tonnes 94 N.T equivalent per hectare (tsh) Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Average Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006/ Appendix 16 : Length of season (weeks) - Start and finish of crushing (date) Average length of season (5 yearly) Last four seasons individually Mills 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006/ 2010 Lautoka 28.8 28.0 29.7 27.6 27.0 Rarawai 26.2 25.3 26.5 24.2 28.0 Labasa 26.6 29.4 30.7 24.1 25.9 Penang 25.5 21.5 26.2 20.4 22.5 All mills 26.8 26.1 28.2 24.1 25.9 2010 2011 2012 2013 23.3 24/06/10 to 04/12/10 28.0 28/06/10 to 11/01/11 28.1 22/06/10 to 29/12/10 24.6 06/06/10 to 20/11/10 23.3 24.2 26/06/12 to 04/12/12 22.8 26.6 21/06/11 to 24/12/11 10/07/12 to 17/12/12 22.7 16.1 14/07/11 to 20/12/11 26/06/12 to 16/10/12 24.6 16.3 28/06/11 to 28/11/11 26/06/12 to 18/10/12 19.9 19.0 02/06/13 To 03/11/13 20 26/06/13 To 13/11/13 19 27/06/13 To 09/11/13 17 25/06/13 To 20/10/13 18.7 Appendix 17 : Varieties Percent of hectares harvested Varieties Ragnar Waya Mali Galoa Aiwa Kiuva Mana LF91-1925 Kaba Vatu Beqa Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills 2012 0.37 Nil Nil 0.04 0.36 0.52 94.50 0.54 2.18 Nil 0.02 2013 0.4 0 0 0 0.4 0.9 94 0.8 2.2 0 0 2012 0.36 0.27 Nil Nil 0.15 0.16 93.14 0.03 4.40 Nil Nil 2013 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.2 0.3 92.4 0.1 5.2 0 0 2012 23.87 8.04 11.13 4.31 0.22 0.11 Nil 0.48 0.21 16.77 0.05 2013 21.5 7.7 11.9 5.9 0.2 0.7 0 0.9 0.4 17.5 0.1 2012 0.06 0.10 0.27 nil 0.01 98.28 0.23 0.05 2013 0 0 0.3 0 0.1 1.07 95.2 0.17 0.3 0.02 0 2012 6.6 2.2 3.0 1.2 0.2 0.2 69.2 0.3 2.2 4.5 nil 2013 6.7 2.6 3.6 1.8 0.2 0.5 67.4 0.4 2.2 4.6 32 FACP APPENDICES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Appendix 17 : Cont’d Varieties Naidiri Exp.
Other var.
Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills 2012 1.07 nil 0.40 2013 1.1 0 0.3 2012 1.26 Nil 0.22 2013 0.7 0 0.6 2012 33.69 Nil 1.13 2013 33.3 0 0 2012 0.86 0.14 2013 2.8 0 0.03 2012 9.8 nil 0.5 2013 10.4 0.2 nil Appendix 18: Area planted in hectares as % of registered and cultivated areas Mills Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Total Hectares planted Hectares planted as % of registered area Hectares planted as % of cultivated area Appendix 19: Percentage of total area planted by different varieties over three years Year Varieties % Area ha % Area ha % Area ha % Area ha % Area ha Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 Ragnar Waya Mana Galoa Vatu Mali Aiwa Beqa Kaba 0.5 1.2 3.8 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil 0.2 1.2 nil nil nil nil 0.3 0.4 772 1845 1157 772 nil nil 1845 39.1 344 1157 nil 772 98.7 51.0 64.6 772 1845 1157 772 1845 1157 772 1845 1157 772 1845 1157 772 nil nil 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 nil 0.3 nil 0.3 nil Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 33 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 19: Cont’d Year Varieties Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills % Area ha % Area ha % Area ha % 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012
 2013 Naidiri Kiuva LF91-1925 Experiment Other Varieties nil 1157 772 1845 1157 1157 1157 1845 772 0.3 7.3 0.3 nil nil nil nil 1.0 nil Area ha 285 344 285 % Area ha 5.2 17.2 18.0 18.4 0.7 5.5 1.5 5.8 5.0 3128 2023 3718 3128 2023 3128 2023 3128 3718 2023 3128 Appendix 20 : Cane transport in Fiji (tonnes of cane harvested and actual method of delivery) Winch trailer or lorry to mainline % of Total 17 Tonnes 174057 Mills Year Lautoka Rarawai Labasa 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Delivered portable line % of Total 1 2 2 2 1 1.5 0.4 1.7 4 5 5 4 5 3.6 3.6 6.3 1 Tonnes nil nil 162856 Lorry direct to mill carrier Total Tonnes 865186 569577 574754 544730 394094 498273 365599 544730 754871 520946 509470 471034 370460 307396 387485 220584 629049 532847 423224 448849 383485 407610 % of Total Tonnes 82 1051097 % of Total FACP APPENDICES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Tonnes Winch trailer or lorry to mainline % of Total 28.4 25.1 117543 137018 Appendix 20 : Cont’d Mills Year Delivered portable line Labasa Penang All mills Tonnes 840 nil 3681 3010 3026 11145 nil nil nil 63657
 52509 59013 47436 29070 33077 17677 8630 2012 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % of Total 0.2 nil 1 1 1 6 nil nil nil 2 2 3 2 1.6 1.6 1.1 2 63499 55450 48285 30977 44447 55422 38712 40797 716019 128061 592099 595054 471349 695639 376467 451446 ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Lorry direct to mill carrier Total Tonnes 294902 409138 197318 171378 163261 139528 131254 153438 104856 118923 24 24 23 17 25 26.5 27 26 22 2446424 16 2298115 26 1670704 26 1604141 26.5 1279293 % of Total 71.4 75 75 75 76 77 75 73.5 73 75 Tonnes % of Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Appendix 21: Percentage burnt cane of total tonnes crushed Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Average % 18.2 12.9 17.7 19.1 14.9 21.5 17.6 23.2 18.3 25.1 28.6 29.5 23.8 37.7 20.6 24.3 42.5 52.5 35.6 Total % Total % Total % Total % Total 382030
Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | FACP APPENDICES 35 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Appendix 21: Cont’d Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Average % 39.0 43.4 54.8 50.7 67.0 41.6 56.1 56.7 46.8 40.1 42.7 44.4 60.5 39.0 50.9 43.5 30.4 28.5 43.8 77.8 Total % Total % Total % Total % Total Seedcane mother plot at Drasa Station 36 | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji ANNUAL REPORT 2013 APPROVED VARIETIES Sugar Research
 Institute of Fiji | 37 2013 ANNUAL REPORT List of Approved Varieties The list of sugarcane varieties approved for planting during 2013 has been revised to include maturity trend.
Varieties that are no longer planted have been removed from the approved varieties list.

The varieties are recommended to growers on their soil type.

The growers have a choice of at least three varieties to plant on their farms as laid down in the Master Award.
Mill/Sectors Soil types Lautoka/Olosara Lautoka/Cuvu Lautoka/Lomawai Lautoka/Yako Rich alluvial soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Lautoka/Nawaicoba Flat Fertile soils Lautoka/Malolo Lautoka/Qeleloa Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soil Medium soils Poor soils Rich alluvial soils Medium soils Poor soils Lautoka/Meigunyah Flat Fertile soils Lautoka/Legalega Lautoka/Natova Lautoka/Lautoka Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Varieties recommended on maturity trends Mid – late maturing Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Early – mid maturing Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925
 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 38 APPROVED VARIETIES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Mill/Sectors Soil types Lautoka/Saweni Lautoka/Lovu Lautoka/Drasa Rarawai/Varoko Rarawai/Mota Rarawai/Naloto Rarawai/Koronubu Rarawai/Veisaru Rarawai/Rarawai Rarawai/Varavu Rarawai/Tagitagi Rarawai/Yaladro Rarawai/Drumasi Labasa/Waiqele Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline areas Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline areas Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Varieties recommended on maturity trends Mid – late maturing Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Mana, Kaba, Vatu Kaba,
 Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Mana, Kaba, Vatu Kaba, Mana, Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mali, Early – mid maturing Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925, Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | APPROVED VARIETIES 39 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Mill/Sectors Soil types Labasa/Wailevu Labasa/Vunimoli Labasa/Labasa Labasa/Bucaisau Labasa/Wainikoro Labasa/Daku Labasa/Natua Labasa/Solove Labasa/Bulivou Penang/Nanuku Penang/Malau Penang/Ellington Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Naidiri, LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Early
 – mid maturing Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Varieties recommended on maturity trends Mid – late maturing Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mali, Galoa, Vatu Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mali, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mali, Galoa, Vatu, Mali Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Kaba, Mali, Galoa, Vatu, Mali Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Kaba, Mali, Galoa, Vatu, Mali Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Kaba, Mali, Ragnar, Kaba, Mali, Ragnar, Kaba, Mali, Ragnar, Kaba, Mali, Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana, Galoa Mana, Kaba, Kiuva, Mali Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Mali Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Mali Kaba, Mana, Galoa Naidiri, LF91-1925, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925, Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, Poor soils Poor soils Poor soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Salt affected areas Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Viti Vanua area Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Rich alluvial soils Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Medium soils Poor soils LF91-1925, Salt affected areas Naidiri, LF91-1925 Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Salt affected areas Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925, 40 APPROVED VARIETIES | Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Sugar Research Institute of Fiji
 Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Contents Directors report Independent auditor's report Statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income Statements of financial position Statements of cash flow Notes to the financial statements 1 - 2 3 - - 18 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Directors' report In accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors, the Directors herewith submit the statement of financial position of Sugar Research Institute of Fiji (the “Institute”) as at 31 December 2013 and the related statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and statement of cash flows for the year ended on that date and report as follows: Directors The Directors in office during the year and at the date of this report are: Professor Rajesh Chandra - Chairman Professor Paras Nath Mr Daniel Elisha Mr Abdul Khan Mr Sundresh Chetty Mr Manasa Tagicakibau Date appointed 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 The Institute did not have a Board present from the period 30/09/2012 to 04/05/2014.
ThecurrentChairmanandmembersoftheBoardwerenotresponsiblefortheaffairsoftheInstitutein2013.
TheBoardhastakenallnecessarysteps to have theaccounts prepared properlywithexternal input and has ensured that the external auditors have had unfettered access to all documents and information sought by them with the shared aim to ensure that the final accounts represent the true state of affairs of the Institute in 2013, including anyliabilities.
State of affairs In the opinion of the Board the accompanying statement of financial position gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Institute as at 31 December 2013 and the accompanying statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and statement of cash flows give a true and fair view of the results and cash flows of the Institute for the year then ended.
Principal activity The functions of the Institute are outlined under the Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Act No 14 of 2005, which includes promoting by means of research and investigation, the technical advancement, efficiency and productivity of the sugar industry, and to provide its functions, powers, administration and finance and for related matters.
Current assets The Directors took reasonable steps before the Institute’s financial statements were made out to ascertain that the current assets of the Institute were shown in the accounting records at a value equal to or below the value that would be expected to be realised in the ordinary course of business.

At the date of this report, the Directors are not aware of any circumstances which would render the values attributable to the current assets in the financial statements to be misleading.
1 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Directors' report (continued) Receivables The Directors took reasonable steps before the Institute’s financial statements were made out to ascertain that all known bad debts were written off and adequate allowance was made for impairment losses.

At the date of this report, the Directors are not aware of any circumstances which would render the above assessment inadequate to any substantial extent.
Related party transactions All related party transactions have been adequately recorded in the financial statements.

Receivables The Directors took reasonable steps before the Institute’s financial statements were made out to ascertain that all known bad debts were written off and adequate allowance was made for impairment losses.

At the date of this report, the Directors are not aware of any circumstances which would render the above assessment inadequate to any substantial extent.
Related party transactions All related party transactions have been adequately recorded in the financial statements.

Other circumstances At the date of this report, the Directors are not aware of any circumstances not otherwise dealt with in this report or financial statements which would render any amounts stated in the accounts to be misleading.
Unusual circumstances The results of the Institute’s operations during the financial year have not in the opinion of the Directors been substantially affected by any item, transaction or event of a material and unusual nature other than those disclosed in the financial statements.

Going concern The Directors believe that the basis of preparation of accounts is appropriate and the Institute will be able to continue in operation for at least 12 months from the date of this statement.
Events subsequent to balance date There has not arisen in the interval between the end of the year and the date of this report any item, transaction or event of a material and unusual nature likely, in the opinion of the Directors, to affect significantly the operations of the Institute, the results of those operations or the state of affairs of the Institute in subsequent financial years.

Dated at Lautoka this ___________ day of ______________________ 2017 .
Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Board.
Chairmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrman Chairman Boararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararararard dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd MeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMeMember Board Member 2 28thApril Sugar Research Insitute of Fiji Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income For the year ended 31 December 2013 Contributions and grants Estate income Total income Cost of operations Administrative expenses Deficit from operations Finance income Deficit before tax Income tax benefit Deficit for the year Note 2013 $ 2012 $ 5 6 7 9 10 2,443,763 2,473,084 503,412 1,016,461 2,947,175 3,489,545 (1,466,940) (1,552,346) (1,499,843) (1,945,588) (19,608) (8,389) 19,608 8,389 - - - - - - The notes on pages 8 to 18 are an integral part of these financial statements.
5 Sugar Research Insitute of Fiji Statement of financial position As at 31 December 2013 Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Inventories Receivables and prepayments Receivable from related parties Total current assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Total non-current assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities Deferred income Payable to related parties Employee benefits Trade and other payables Total current liabilities Total liabilities Note 12 13 17(b) 11 14 17(c) 15 16 2013 $ 2012 $ 2,510,839 1,311 60,562 5,401,276 7,973,988 3,981,197 3,981,197 3,209,184 1,311 19,991 4,813,861 8,044,347 3,751,725 3,751,725 11,955,185 11,796,072 7,840,186 3,595,739 45,933 473,327 7,708,571 3,595,739 43,023 448,739 11,955,185 11,796,072 11,955,185 11,796,072 Signed for and on behalf of the Board of Directors.
Chairman Chairmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmrmanananananananananananananananananananananananananananan BoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoBoarararararard Member Board Member The notes on pages 8 to 18 are an integral part of these financial statements.
6 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Statement of cash flows For the year ended 31 December 2013 Cash flows from operating activities Receipts from stakeholders and donors Payment to suppliers and employees Interest received Note 2013 $ 2012 $ 2,779,071 (2,933,285) 19,608 5,437,067 (3,132,312) 8,389 9 Net cash from operating activities (134,606) 2,313,144 Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 11 (563,739) (795,787) Net cash used in investing activities (563,739) (795,787) Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents (698,345) 1,517,357 Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 12 3,209,184 2,510,839 1,691,827 3,209,184 The notes on pages 8 to 18 are an integral part of these financial statements.
7 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 1.

Reporting entity Sugar Research Institute of Fiji (the "Institute") is a body corporate domiciled in Fiji, established under the Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Act 2005.

The address of the Institute's registered office is Drasa, Lautoka, Fiji.
The functions of the Institute are outlined under Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Act No 14 of 2005, which includes promoting by means of research and investigation, the technical advancement, efficiency and productivity of the sugar industry, and to provide its functions, powers, administration and finance and for related matters.

2.
2.

Basis of preparation (a) Statement of compliance The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on __________.

(b) Basis of measurement The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except where stated.
(c) Functional and presentation currency The financial statements are presented in Fijian dollars, which is the Institute's functional currency.

All amounts have been rounded to the nearest dollar, unless otherwise indicated.

(d) Use of estimates and judgments The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in any future period affected.

3.

Significant accounting policies The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below.
(a) Foreign currency transactions Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to Fiji dollars at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to Fiji dollars at the exchange rate at that date.

The foreign currency gains or losses on translation are recognised in profit or loss.
8 28th Apr, 2017 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 3.

Significant accounting policies (continued) (b) Property, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.
Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and is recognised in profit or loss.

includes expenditure that losses.


Cost Subsequent costs The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefit embodied within the part will flow to the Institute and its cost can be measured reliably.

The cost of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
Depreciation Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is recognised in profit or loss.
The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment for current and comparative periods are as follows: Buildings and land Computers Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicles Plant and equipment 80 years 5 years 10 years 6.67 years 6.67 - 10 years Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reassessed at reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.
(c) Financial instruments (i) Non-derivative financial assets The Institute initially recognises loans and receivables on the date that they are originated.

All other financial assets are recognised initially on the trade date at which the Institute becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Institute derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred.

Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Institute is recognised as a separate asset or liability.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Institute has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

The Institute classifies non-derivative financial assets into loans and receivables.

9 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 3.
Significant accounting policies (continued) (c) Financial instruments (continued) (i) Non-derivative financial assets (continued) Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market.

Such assets are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent to initial recognition loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Loans and receivables comprise receivables from related parties, other receivables and cash and cash equivalents.

Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprises cash at bank and cash on hand.

(ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities Financial liabilities are initially recognised on the trade date when the Institute becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Institute derecognises a financial liability when its liabilities are initially contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire.

Financial to initial measured at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent recognition these liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The Institute has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: trade and other payables and payable to related parties.
Trade and other payables and payable to related party are stated at amortised cost.

(d) Inventories Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out principle, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated selling expenses.

10 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 3.

Significant accounting policies (continued) (e) Impairment (i) Non-derivative financial assets Financial assets not classified as at fair value through profit or loss are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired.
A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.
Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Institute on terms that the Institute would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy or the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

(ii) Non-financial assets At each reporting date non financial assets are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication of impairment.
If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.

If estimated recoverable amount is lower, the carrying amount is reduced to its estimated recoverable amount, and an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
(f) Revenue Grant income Grants are recognised in the statement of financial position initially as deferred income when there is reasonable assurance that it will be received and that the Institute will comply with the conditions associated with the grant.

It is then recognised in the profit or loss as grant income on a systematic basis as related expenses are incurred.
(g) Employee benefits Superannuation Obligation for contributions to a defined contribution plan are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they are due.

Employee entitlements Liability for annual leave is recognised and measured as the amount unpaid at the reporting date at current pay rates in respect of employee services up to that date.
Short term benefits Short -term employee benefits obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed in profit or loss as the related service is provided.

A liability is recognised for the amount to be paid under short-term benefit if the Institute has a present or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be measured reliably.
11 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 3.

Significant accounting policies (continued) (h) Income tax The Institute is not subject to income tax.

(i) Receivable from related parties The amount receivable from related parties arerecognised when there is a contractual receivable or a right to receive.

4.
4.

Financial risk management The financial statements do not disclose information relating to the nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments to which the Institute is exposed at year end, since credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk are not material to the Institute.

5.
5.

Contributions and grants Contributions from stakeholders and grants that compensate the Institute for revenue and capital expenditure are recognised from deferred income as follows: African Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) Contribution from the Fiji Government European Union Fiji Sugar Corporation (FSC) Sugar Cane Growers Mauritius Sugar Research Instititue (MISRI) Fiji Sugar Tribunal 6.
Cost of operations Advertising Accounting Bank charges Depreciation Electricity EU cost General supplies Communciation expenses Material costs Motor vechicle running expenses Overhead expenses Postage RAF costs Repairs and maintenances Subcontract expenses Travel Wages and salaries (refer to note 8) 12 2013 $ 26,885 732,621 325,147 558,004 746,041 13,463 41,602 2,443,763 1,620 7,000 3,702 334,267 44,475 123,151 207 14,754 67,939 239,482 0 1,054 4,300 13,430 178,541 59,567 373,451 1,466,940 2012 $ 92,072 520,972 219,085 1,130,104 507,204 3,647 0 2,473,084 4,699 7,000 4,386 314,459 43,189 45,580 907 15,048 53,404 239,310 1,746 674 12,818 13,346 377,423 47,800 370,557 1,552,346 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 7.
Administrative expenses Auditors remuneration - audit Auditors remuneration - other services Accommodation and meals ACP cost Board fees CEO security Electricity Fiji National Provident Fund contributions FSC costs General expenses Hire of services ICT consumables ICT license Communication expenses Insurance Legal fees Medical expense Media and publication MISRI Cost Freight Rent Repairs and maintenance Stationery Subscriptions Training Training and Productivity Authority of Fiji Travel Tuition fees Visa permit Water Wages and salaries (refer to note 8) 13 2013 $ 8,085 4,110 8,265 26,885 - 4,895 9,058 70,727 12,585 42,113 563,297 14,535 2,327 8,208 15,020 5,515 17,049 10,885 - 22,092 75,567 8,116 2,485 340 5,734 9,082 8,688 0 5,432 3,967 534,781 1,499,843 2012 $ 8,085 19,988 16,871 92,072 61,743 9,355 9,836 68,401 621,004 71,937 248,565 7,690 9,125 7,798 46,642 - 4,557 5,254 3,647 25,386 45,946 3,911 6,532 650 7,821 8,550 13,343 5,677 3,246 3,388 508,568 1,945,588 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 8.
Personnel expenses Fiji National Provident Fund contributions Training and Productivity Authority of Fiji Key management compensation - short term benefits Wages and salaries The average number of staff during the year was 71 (2012: 71).

9.

Finance income Interest received 2013 $ 70,727 9,082 147,206 761,026 988,041 2012 $ 68,401 8,550 145,589 733,536 956,076 19,608 8,389 10.

In 2012 the Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority confirmed that the entity is not subject to income tax.
14 7 5 1 , 3 4 2 5 3 7 , 1 5 0 , 1 $ l a t o T $ $ n i k r o W s s e r g o r p s r e t u p m o C $ r o t o M s e l c i h e v $ $ $ t n e m p i u q e s g n i t t i f & t n a l P & s e r u t x i F & , y t r e p o r P .
1 1 7 8 7 , 5 9 7 2 4 4 , 0 5 2 , 4 - - 9 3 7 , 3 6 5 9 2 2 , 6 4 0 , 5 5 7 1 , 5 1 6 7 1 9 , 9 3 1 ) 5 7 1 , 5 1 6 ( 7 1 9 , 9 3 1 6 2 2 , 8 7 1 ) 7 1 9 , 9 3 1 ( 8 6 9 , 9 0 6 , 5 6 2 2 , 8 7 1 5 4 0 , 0 8 9 9 5 4 , 4 1 3 7 6 2 , 4 3 3 4 0 5 , 4 9 2 , 1 1 7 7 , 8 2 6 , 1 - - - - - 7 9 3 , 0 7 2 , 3 5 7 1 , 5 1 6 5 2 7 , 1 5 7 , 3 7 1 9 , 9 3 1 7 9 1 , 1 8 9 , 3 6 2 2 , 8 7 1 - - - 5 6 3 , 1 1 7 5 1 , 3 4 2 2 2 5 , 4 5 2 0 8 8 , 5 4 0 5 8 , 0 6 1 0 3 7 , 6 0 2 2 3 4 , 2 2 2 6 1 , 9 2 2 7 0 3 , 2 8 7 2 4 , 6 3 0 6 3 , 5 2 - - - 9 3 7 , 6 8 5 3 7 , 1 5 0 , 1 - - 9 9 1 7 4 8 , 9 3 8 , 7 1 4 9 2 6 , 9 3 2 8 3 0 , 5 6 2 , 1 - - - - 2 3 9 3 4 , 2 3 9 3 4 , 1 3 0 8 3 2 , 5 7 1 5 1 6 , 0 5 4 , 2 0 3 2 , 0 8 7 7 4 , 7 1 9 9 3 1 , , 4 4 2 9 4 4 1 , 4 7 4 , 8 3 1 , 1 7 6 6 , 4 0 5 , 1 2 3 9 3 4 , 7 1 9 , 5 8 5 9 1 4 , 2 4 1 6 3 3 , 8 2 7 9 1 4 , 2 4 1 5 5 7 , 0 7 8 8 1 8 , 5 6 4 9 9 3 , 3 2 3 9 1 7 , 7 6 2 0 6 9 7 9 , 3 7 7 0 0 2 , 3 3 7 8 9 2 , 3 6 6 7 3 1 , 6 9 3 6 3 4 , 6 2 4 6 4 6 , 5 0 3 6 6 9 , 3 9 3 , 4 9 8 5 , 0 1 2 8 9 , 4 1 3 9 3 , 4 5 7 3 , 9 1 3 4 3 3 3 , 0 5 9 8 2 , 1 7 2 , 8 6 0 , 1 7 5 5 4 2 , 5 1 , 7 4 1 0 9 4 2 , 6 1 9 1 2 , 7 0 8 3 2 , 3 2 7 5 4 , 0 6 3 7 2 , 3 8 0 3 7 , , 8 2 3 7 2 4 1 , , 7 2 7 6 5 2 2 , , 5 6 0 7 1 4 2 , Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 12.
Cash and cash equivalents Cash at bank Cash on hand Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows 13.

Receivables and prepayments Other receivables Prepayments 14.
Deferred income Balance at the beginning of the year Funds received or receivable during the period Utilised during the period Balance at 31 December This is comprised as follows: Contribution from stakeholders European Union grant African Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) Mauritius Sugar Research Instititue (MISRI) Fiji Sugar Tribunal 15.

Employee benefits Balance at 1 January Provision during the year Provision utilised during the year Balance at 31 December 16.
Trade and other payables Trade payables Other payables VAT payable 16 2013 $ 2,510,829 10 2,510,839 12,992 47,570 60,562 2012 $ 3,209,145 39 3,209,184 12,992 6,999 19,991 7,708,571 2,575,378 (2,443,763) 7,840,186 6,435,861 3,745,795 (2,473,085) 7,708,571 4,572,334 2,179,980 754,050 108,020 225,802 7,840,186 43,023 29,022 (26,112) 45,933 49,250 68,112 355,965 473,327 4,301,027 2,505,127 780,934 121,483 - 7,708,571 36,831 23,424 (17,232) 43,023 47,103 60,078 341,558 448,739 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 17.
Related parties Related parties of the Institute include key stakeholders in the Fiji Sugar Industry, namely, the Government of Fiji, Fiji Sugar Corporation, South Pacific Fertilizers Limited, Sugar Cane Growers Fund and Sugar Cane Growers Council.

Transactions with these parties and outstanding balances at year end are disclosed below.
(a) Board members The following are the Board members of the Institute during the financial year: Professor Rajesh Chandra - Chairman Professor Paras Nath Mr Daniel Elisha Mr Abdul Khan Mr Sundresh Chetty Mr Manasa Tagicakibau Date appointed 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 13/02/2015 The Institute did not have a Board present from the period 30/09/2012 to 13/02/2015.
Board members emoluments and board expenses are disclosed under Note 7.

(b) Receivable from related parties Fiji Sugar Corporation Sugar Cane Growers 2013 $ 4,501,276 900,000 5,401,276 2012 $ 3,913,861 900,000 4,813,861 Receivable from related parties are interest free and receivable as and when required.

(c) Payable to related parties Fiji Sugar Corporation 3,595,739 3,595,739 3,595,739 3,595,739 Payable to related parties are interest free and payable on demand.
17 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2013 17.
Related parties (continued) (d) Transactions with related parties Revenue Grant income - Fiji Sugar Corporation Grant income - Fiji Government Grant income - Sugar Cane Growers Estate income - Fiji Sugar Corporation Expenses 2013 $ 2012 $ 558,004 732,621 746,041 503,412 2,540,078 1,130,104 520,972 507,204 1,016,461 3,174,741 Fiji Sugar Corporation costs - expense paid on behalf of SRIF 12,585 621,004 (e) Key management personnel Key management personnel include the chief executive officer and finance and administration manager of the Institute.
Transactions with key management personnel are no favourable than those available, or which might be reasonably be expected to be available, on similar transactions to third parties on an arm's length.

Key management compensation is disclosed under Note 8.

18.

Capital commitments and contingencies Capital commitments and contingent liabilities as at 31 December 2013 amounted to $Nil (2012: $Nil).

19.
19.

Events subsequent to balance date There has not arisen in the interval between the end of the year and the date of this report any item, transaction or event of a material and unusual nature likely, in the opinion of the Directors, to affect significantly the operations of the Institute, the results of those operations or the state of affairs of the Institute in subsequent financial years.

18 ANNUAL REPORT 2013 © Sugar Research Institute of Fiji, 2013 P. O.
Box 3560, Lautoka Ph: +679 8921839 & +679 8921840 Email: info@srif.org.fj Website: www.srif.net.fj Rarawai (Ba) Office: +679 8907343 Wairuku (Rakiraki) Office: +679 8907344 Batinikama (Labasa) Office: +679 8907345 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji | APPROVED VARIETIES 41