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Vol.16 REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS Ministry of Finance and Economic Development STATISTICS MAURITIUS DIGEST OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS STA S STATISTICS TI TICS 2012 July 2013 (Price Rs.

100.00) Ministry of Finance and Economic Development STATISTICS MAURITIUS DIGEST OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS STATISTICS 2012 Foreword Productivity and Competitiveness Statistics – 2012 is the sixteenth issue of an annual report published by Statistics Mauritius.
This publication presents data relating to the years 1995 to 2012.

Statistics Mauritius adopted the National Standard Industrial Classification (NSIC), Revision 2 based on the UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) of all economic activities, Rev.

4 of 2008 in 2012.

As from this issue, productivity statistics by industrial activity will be published according to the new classification.

Changes are noted at industry level, but not at the overall economy level.
To allow analysis, some back casting using NSIC 2 has been done as far back as 2007 for “Manufacturing” and “Export Oriented Enterprises”.

The series are not strictly comparable with those for the years 1995 – 2010 that appear in this publication, as well as other series published previously.

The concepts and definitions used for the computation of the various productivity and competitiveness statistics are described on pages 5 to 13.
It is hoped that the data presented will prove useful to policy makers, planners as well as to the general public.

The co-operation of all organisations, both public and private which have provided information for the preparation of this publication is gratefully acknowledged.
L. F. Cheung Kai Suet (Ms.) Director of Statistics Statistics Mauritius Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Port Louis MAURITIUS July 2013 CONTENTS CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Productivity Indicators Economic Productivity Measures Competitiveness Indicators Estimates of Capital Stock EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.

APPROACH TO PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT 1.1 The relevance of productivity measurement 1.2 The productivity process 1.3 Coverage 1.4 Caution to users 2.
INDICATORS FOR THE TOTAL ECONOMY 2.1 Structure of the economy 2.2 Output and inputs 2.3 Trends in labour productivity 2.4 Trends in capital productivity 2.5 Capital - labour ratio and capital - output ratio 2.6 Trends in multifactor productivity 2.7 Comparison of productivity trends 2.8 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 2.9 Growth accounting 3.
INDICATORS FOR THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 3.1 Background 3.2 Output and inputs 3.3 Trends in labour productivity 3.4 Trends in capital productivity 3.5 Trends in multifactor productivity 3.6 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 4.
INDICATORS FOR THE EXPORT ORIENTED ENTERPRISES 4.1 Background 4.2 Output and inputs 4.3 Productivity trends 4.4 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 5. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5.1 General 5.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 5.3 International comparison of ULC in the manufacturing sector - 2011 5.4 Evolution of market share - 2 - TABLES A Series A 1 Total Economy A 1.1 Productivity Trends - Total Economy, 1995 - 2012 A 1.2 Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - Total Economy, 1995 - 2012 A 2 The Manufacturing Sector A 2.1 Productivity Trends - Manufacturing sector, 1995 - 2012 A 2.2 Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - Manufacturing sector, 1995 - 2012 A 3 The Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE Sector) A 3.1 Productivity Trends - EOE sector, 1995 - 2012 A 3.2 Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE sector, 1995 - 2012 A 4 The EOE Textile Subsector 39-40 39 40 41-42 41 42 43-44 43 44 45-46 A 4.1 Productivity Trends - EOE Textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 A 4.2 Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE Textile subsector, 45 46 1995 - 2012 A 5 The EOE Non-Textile Subsector A 5.1 Productivity Trends - EOE Non-textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 A 5.2 Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE Non-textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 B The Total Economy by Industry Group B.1 Real output by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.2 Labour input by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.3 Capital input by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.4 Labour productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.5 Capital productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.6 Mulifactor productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.7 Economic Productivity based on Gross Output by industry group, 2007 - 2012 B.8 Economic Productivity based on Value Added by industry group, 2007 - 2012 47-48 47 48 49-56 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 - 3 - C Productivity and
 Competitiveness Related Indicators 57-66 C.1 C.2 Average monthly earnings in large establishments by industry group, March 2009 - March 2012 Index of average monthly earnings in large establishments by industry group, March 2009 - March 2012 C.3 Inflation, real monthly earnings and labour productivity in the EOE sector, 1992 - 2012 C.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and per worker, 2002 - 2012 C.5 Exports and imports of goods and services, 1992 - 2012 C.6 Export and import price indices and terms of trade, 2007 - 2012 C.7 Export and import of goods by the EPZ/EOE sector, 1992 - 2012 C.8 Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group, 2009 - 2012 C.9 Budgetary central government debt and net international reserves, 1992 - 2012 (June) 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 D Infrastructure Quality Related Indicators 67-72 D.1 ICT access as at end of year, 2008 - 2012 D.2 Selected telephone and ICT tariffs, 2008 - 2012 Electricity Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2010 2013 D 3D.3 Electricity Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers 2010 - 2013 D.4 Water Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2000, 2010 - 2013 D.5 Road network, 2008 - 2012 D.6 Monthly rent for industrial building per square foot, 2011 - 2012 D.7 Export rates of textile products from SSR International Airport - selected Airports, 2011 - 2012 D.8 Import rates of textile products from selected Airports to SSR International Airport, 2011 - 2012 D.9 Selected port performance statistics, 2007 - 2012 67 68 6969 70 70 71 71 71 72 E International Comparison of Competitiveness Indicators 73-79 E.1 Exchange rates - National currency units per U.S dollar, 2002 - 2012 E.2 Hourly labour cost in national currency for the Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2011 E.3 Hourly labour cost in U.S dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2011 E.4 Hourly labour cost index in U.S dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2011 E.5 Mauritius: exchange rate movements (value of
 foreign currency), 2001 - 2012 E.6 Index of Mauritian rupee relative to foreign currency, 2001 - 2012 E.7 Annual change in the value of foreign currency relative to Mauritian rupee, 2002 - 2012 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 - 4 - LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 The Productivity process 2.1 Labour productivity and its components Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.2 Capital productivity and its components Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.3 Capital-labour ratio and Capital-output ratio Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.4 Multifactor productivity and its components Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.5 Capital , labour and multifactor productivity Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.6 Unit Labour Cost - Total Economy, 2002 - 2012 2.7 Contribution of labour, capital and TFP - GDP, 2002 - 2012 3.1 Labour productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 2007 - 2012 3.2 Capital productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 2007 - 2012 3.3 Multifactor productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 2007 - 2012 3.4 Unit Labour Cost - Manufacturing sector, 2007 - 2012 4.1 Output and input trends - Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 - 2012 4.2 Productivity trends - Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 - 2012 4.3 Unit Labour Cost - Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 - 2012 5.1 ULC index in Mauritian Rupees and US dollar - Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2012 5.2 International comparison of ULC in the Manufacturing sector - 2011 19 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 - 5 - CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS A.
Productivity indicators 1.

Real output Real output is defined as value added at constant basic prices.

Value added is the value of any industry’s final output less its purchases of intermediate products, raw materials and services.

Value added is also equal to the amount available for distribution to the factors of production in the form of wages and salaries, profits, allowance for depreciation, interest and dividends.
Output index shows the rate of change in production as compared to a chosen base period.

Output index = Value added (constant price) in year n x 100 Value added in base year 2.

Employment/Labour input Employment/Labour input is most appropriately measured by hours worked and its price by average compensation per hour.
However, due to lack of data, the total number of persons engaged, defined as employers, own account workers, contributing family workers and employees in any type of economic activity is used.

Prior to 2000, employment for year n was calculated as the average of employment at June of year (n) and June of year (n+1).

As from 2000, average employment for a given year is available and thus the data has been used for the computation of labour input.
The labour input index shows the rate of change in employment.

Labour input index = Average number of persons engaged in year n x 100 Average number of persons engaged in base year 3.

Capital input In the absence of data on services provided by capital, an estimate of stock of fixed capital is used.

Capital refers to the net stock of investment in reproducible fixed assets.
Reproducible fixed assets are investments in residential and non-residential building (excluding land), infrastructural work, machinery and equipment.

The standard Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) has been used for the estimation of the net Capital Stock.

Further details on the PIM approach are given in the section on estimates of capital stock.

Capital input index shows the rate of change in capital.

This estimate uses net capital stock at constant prices.
- 6 - Capital input index = Stock of fixed capital in year n x 100 Stock of fixed capital in base year 4.

Multifactor input The multifactor input is a weighted combination of inputs, namely labour and capital.

Part of compensation of employee in value added is used to weigh labour and the remaining is used to weigh capital.

5.

Labour productivity Labour productivity is conventionally measured as the ratio of real output to labour input.
Although this measure relates output to the number of employees, it does not measure the specific contribution of labour as a single factor of production.

Rather, it reflects the joint effects of many influences, including new technology, capital investment, capacity utilisation, energy use, and managerial skills, as well as the efforts of the workforce.

Labour productivity index shows the rate of change in output per person engaged.

Labour Productivity Index = Output index x 100 Labour input index 6.
Capital productivity Capital productivity is the ratio of real output to stock of fixed capital used in the production process.

This index should be interpreted with care since partial measures can be very misleading if taken alone, as they include amongst other factors, the effects of the substitution of one resource for another, such as capital for labour.

The capital productivity index shows the rate of change in output per unit of capital.
Capital Productivity Index = Output index x 100 Capital input index 7.

Multifactor/Total Factor productivity The limitation of partial productivity measures such as labour and capital, is that they attribute to one factor of production changes in efficiency that are attributable to other factors.

Multifactor productivity (MFP) reflects many influences including qualitative factors such as better management and improved quality of inputs through training and technology.
MFP index shows the rate of change in “productive efficiency” and is obtained as the ratio of output to multifactor input, that is a weighted combination of labour and capital inputs.
MFP index = Output index x 100 Multifactor input index - 7 - A (t) = Q(t) x 100 where {WL(t) x L(t)} + {WK(t) x K(t)} A (t) = Multifactor productivity index in time t Q (t) = Output index in time t WL(t) = Labour’s input share in time t (ratio of compensation of employees to value added) L(t) = Labour input index in time t WK(t) = 1 - WL(t) K(t) = Capital input index in time t 8.

Capital-labour ratio The Capital-labour ratio gives the proportion of stock of fixed capital to labour inputs.
If the ratio increases, capital deepening takes place whilst, when it declines capital widening occurs.

Capital-labour ratio = Real fixed capital utilised in an industry Number of persons engaged in the industry 9.

Capital-output ratio The capital-output ratio represents the units of capital required to produce one unit of output.

This ratio indicates how efficiently investment is contributing to economic growth.
Capital-output ratio = Real fixed capital stock in a specific year Real GDP for the same year - 8 - B.
ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES ACCORDING TO THE RAMSAY PRODUCTIVITY MODELS (RAPMODS) Economic Productivity is conceptualized as follows: It is the units of monetary value achieved as “Output” or “Value Added” by a conversion system such as manufacturing, mining, processing, service, government and the like, covering all economic systems, for unit monetary value of input of any specific resource or a set of resources or aggregate of all input resources consumed by the conversion system.
The Economic Productivity Measures outlined in the RAPMODS System are based on both System Output (Gross Output) and System Value Added (Value Added).

1.

Total / Overall Productivity Measure (TPM / OPM) Total / Overall Productivity Measure (TPM / OPM) measures the output (Gross Output / Value Added) achieved per unit value of Total System Input (TSI) or all input resources.
All Input Resources = Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes Total Productivity Measure = Gross Output All Input Resources Overall Productivity Measure = Value Added All Input Resources 2.

Factor Productivity Measure (FPM) Factor Productivity Measure is the output achieved per unit of currency spent on a specific item of factor input.
The Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation of Employees is defined as the output (Gross Output or Value Added) produced per unit value spent as Compensation of Employees.

Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation = Gross Output of Employees (FPM Comp.

based on GO) Compensation of employees - 9 - Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation = Value Added of Employees (FPM Comp.

based on VA) Compensation of employees 3.


Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z1 / Z2) Productivity of Intermediate Consumption measures the Output (Gross Output or Value Added) achieved per unit value spent as Intermediate Consumption.

Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z1) = Gross Output Intermediate Consumption Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z2) = Value Added Intermediate Consumption C. Competitiveness indicators 1.
Labour cost index Labour cost, given by compensation of employees, as defined for National Accounts purposes, includes wages and salaries in cash and kind, bonus, overtime and social contribution incurred by employers.

2.

Unit labour cost index (ULC) Unit labour cost is the remuneration of labour (compensation of employees) to produce one unit of output.

It is computed as the ratio of the labour cost index to an index of production.

The index shows the rate of change in labour cost per unit of output.
Unit labour cost index = Labour cost index x 100 or Average compensation index x 100 Output index Labour Productivity index For Competitiveness purposes, the exchange rate effect has to be taken into account.

ULC is therefore computed both in local currency and in US dollar.

ULC index (US $) = ULC index (MUR) Exchange rate index of MUR/ US $ - 10 - 3.

Hourly Labour cost Hourly Labour cost is the ratio of compensation to total hours worked, inclusive of overtime.
Compensation of employees comprises wages & salaries in cash and in kind, bonus, overtime and social contribution incurred by employers.

The source of data is the Survey of Employment, Earnings and Hours of work.

4.

Exchange rate The exchange rate quoted at a certain time is the nominal exchange rate.

Although many international transactions take place in US dollars, it is often necessary to get an indication of the average movement of the local currency against that of its major trading partners.
This is desirable as the exchange rate may appreciate against some and depreciate against others.

The effective exchange rate shows the trade-weighted movement of the national currency against those of its main trading partners.

A net effect in nominal terms is obtained as it combines both appreciations and depreciations which might have occurred between the local currency and those of its respective trading partners.

5.
5.

Export ratios 5.1 Openness The openness of the economy is given by the ratio of total trade “exports of goods & services + imports of goods & services” to GDP.
Openness = Exports of goods & services+ Imports of goods & services x 100 Domestic production (GDP) 5.2 Net export ratio Net export ratio = Exports of goods & services – Imports of goods & services x 100 Domestic production (GDP) If the net export ratio declines it could mean (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) deterioration in the terms of trade structural shift in production from less import intensive to higher import intensive industries i.e.

capital intensive technology.


export markets are being eroded export incentives have been reduced.

- 11 - 5.3 Net export to export ratios Net export to export ratio = Exports of goods & services – Imports of goods & services x 100 Exports of goods & services If the net export to export ratio declines it could mean (i) (ii) deterioration in the terms of trade structural shift in production from less import intensive to higher import intensive industries i.e.

capital intensive technology.


(iii) (iv) higher value added to relatively lower value added activities higher import intensity of exports.

5.4 Export growth, market growth and market penetration (evolution of market share) If the share of a country’s (Mauritius) export growth of a product or service (say T- shirts) in the market in which it is sold, equals the growth of the imports of the buying country, it can be said that the exporting country (Mauritius) is maintaining its share of the market growth.
If the growth is higher, the exporting country (Mauritius) is penetrating the importing country’s market.

On the other hand, if the growth is lower, the exporting country is losing its market share.

D. Estimates of capital stock 1.

The Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) The Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) has been used to produce estimates of the value of the stock of capital assets used in the production process.
Capital assets refer to tangible reproducible fixed assets which include building (excluding land), infrastructural work, machinery and equipment.

The PIM requires current price estimates of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation and price indices over many years, and assumptions about the expected lifetime of the respective assets as shown at paragraph 3.
The PIM produces annual estimates of gross and net capital stock at constant and current prices by accumulating past flows of expenditure on Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation (GDFCF).

2.

Consumption of fixed capital Consumption of fixed capital is a cost of production.
It may be defined in general terms as the decline, during the course of the accounting period, in the current value of the stock of fixed assets owned and used by a producer as a result of physical deterioration, normal obsolescence or normal accidental damage.

Gross capital stock is the accumulation of past investment flows less retirements before deduction of any allowances for consumption of fixed capital.
- 12 - Net capital stock is gross capital stock less accumulated capital consumption on items forming the gross capital stock.

Annual estimates of consumption of fixed capital have been derived using the Straight Line Method.

The straight line method is recommended in the System of National Accounts (SNA).

The straight line depreciation function assumes a linear decline in efficiency, that is, it exhibits the same loss every year until the service life ends when efficiency declines to zero.

3.
3.

Assumption used for mean asset life by type Type of asset Mean asset life A .Construction Work Residential building Non residential building Other construction work Age 30 years 40 years 60 years B.
Transport equipment according to type / sector Motor car 8 years Other transport equipment by sector Agriculture Manufacturing Air / Sea Transport Other sectors 15 years 8 years 20 years 12 years C. Other machinery and equipment by sector Agriculture Manufacturing Financial services Public utilities Other sectors 15 years 8 years 5 years 20 years 12 years - 13 - Flow Chart of the PIM process (Perpetual Inventory Method) GDFCF (current prices) Price Index GDFCF (constant prices) P I M Mean Asset Lives/Straight Line Method Consumption of Fixed Capital (constant prices) Gross Capital Stock (constant prices) Net Capital Stock (Constant prices) Reflate by Price Index Consumption of Fixed Capital (current prices) Net capital stock (current prices) Gross Capital stock (current prices) Average Age - 15 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Productivity and competitiveness indicators, 2002 – 2012 Productivity is “what you get out for what you put in”.
It expresses the relationship between output of goods and services or real output and the various inputs required for production.

The two main inputs are labour and capital.

Labour productivity is the ratio of real output to labour input whereas capital productivity is the ratio of real output to the amount of fixed capital used in production.

However, these two indicators are restricted since they show the influence of only one factor at a time (labour or capital) on real output.
An improvement over these partial indicators is the Multifactor Productivity (MFP) which takes into account the simultaneous influences of several factors such as better management, improved quality of inputs and higher quality of goods.

MFP is measured as the ratio of real output to a weighted combination of labour and capital inputs.

The Unit Labour Cost (ULC) is defined as the remuneration of labour per unit of output.
ULC can also be expressed as the ratio of average compensation to labour productivity.

A change in ULC indicates how improvement in productivity offsets increases in average compensation.

Revision of classification As from this issue, industrial classifications used will be according to the National Standard Industrial Classification (NSIC), Revision 2 based on the UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) of all economic activities, Rev.
4 of 2008, previous classifications used being NSIC Rev.

1 based on ISIC, Rev.

3 of 1990.

This has led to some changes within the activity groups but not at overall economy.

As such, for the total economy, only one series of indices is given while the indices for the manufacturing and EOE sectors have been presented in both NSIC Rev.

1 and NSIC Rev.

2 with years 2000 and 2007 as base respectively and are not strictly comparable.
Figures for latest years are still provisional and are subject to revision in later issues.

Indicators for the total economy Table I below presents the growth rate of the various productivity and competitiveness indices for the total economy.
Table I: Productivity and other related indicators for the total economy - 16 - Indicator Annual Average 2002 - 2012 2007 - 2012 2011 2012 Growth rate (%) Output (GDP at basic prices) GDP at market prices GDP per capita (market prices) Labour input Capital input Capital - Output ratio Capital - Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Average compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) 4.4 4.2 3.5 1.4 5.1 0.7 3.6 2.9 -0.6 0.8 6.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.4 1.7 5.0 1.0 3.3 2.2 -1.0 0.1 5.9 3.6 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 0.3 4.8 1.3 4.5 3.2 -1.3 0.3 7.6 4.3 12.0 3.3 3.2 2.8 1.6 4.3 1.0 2.6 1.6 -0.9 0.0 4.8 3.1 -1.0 Output and Inputs Output, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the aggregate money of goods and services produced within a country out of economic activity during a specific period, usually a year.
From 2002 to 2012, GDP at basic prices, in real terms, grew on average by 4.4% per annum.

The growth rate for 2012 was 3.3%, lower than the growth of 3.5% registered in 2011.

The GDP per capita at market prices is an indicator of the standard of living of the population.

With an annual growth of 0.6% in the population and 4.2% in GDP at market prices, GDP per capita grew by 3.5% per annum during the period 2002 to 2012.
During the period 2002 to 2012, whilst real GDP at basic prices increased by an average of 4.4% per annum, capital input grew by 5.1% compared to a growth of 1.4% for labour input.

The capital - labour ratio is defined as the ratio of the stock of fixed capital to labour input.

If the ratio increases, capital deepening takes place whilst, when it declines, capital widening occurs.

Thus, during the period under review, capital deepening took place as the capital - labour ratio increased by 3.6%.
- 17 - Productivity Indicators Labour productivity Labour productivity is defined as real GDP per worker.

The labour productivity index improved from 83.5 in 2002 to 111.6 in 2012, giving an average annual growth of 2.9%.

In 2012, labour productivity grew at a lower rate of 1.6% compared to 3.2%.

This was the result of a lower GDP growth of 3.3% coupled with a growth of 1.6% in labour input in 2012.

In 2011, GDP grew by 3.5 % and labour input by 0.3%.
Capital productivity Capital productivity is defined as real GDP per unit of capital.

During the period 2002 to 2012, the index of capital productivity declined at an average annual rate of 0.6% from 101.3 in 2002 to 94.9 in 2012.

Capital productivity witnessed declines for four consecutive years as from 2009 with a drop of 0.9% observed in 2012.

The 0.9% fall in 2012 was explained by a higher growth in capital input (4.3%) compared to GDP (3.3%).
Multifactor productivity (MFP) The MFP index shows the rate of change in “productive efficiency”.

In addition to labour and capital inputs, it takes into account qualitative factors such as better management and improved quality of inputs through training and technology.

A growth of 0.8% has been observed in the average annual change in MFP during the period 2002 to 2012.

No growth in MFP was registered in 2012 compared to an increase of 0.3% recorded in 2011.
Other Productivity Indicators Economic Productivity Measures as per the RAPMODS System1, based on Gross Output and Value Added for the different sectors of the economy have also been worked out (Tables B.7 and B.8).

Average compensation and Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Unit labour cost measures the remuneration of labour per unit of output.

It is affected by changes in both average compensation of employees and labour productivity.
Between 2002 and 2012, average compensation of employees increased by 6.9% annually whilst labour productivity grew by 2.9%.

The higher growth in average compensation of employees compared to that of labour productivity resulted in an average annual growth of 3.8% in ULC.

In 2012, ULC grew by 3.1% compared to 4.3% in 2011.

1 Ramsay Productivity Models - 18 - Indicators for the Manufacturing Sector Table II shows the main indicators for the manufacturing sector.
Table II: Productivity and other related indicators for the manufacturing sector Indicator Growth Rate (%) Annual Average 2007 - 2012 2011 2012 1 Output (Value added at constant prices) 2 Labour input 3 Capital input 4 Capital - Output ratio 5 Capital - Labour ratio 6 Labour productivity 7 Capital productivity 8 Multifactor productivity 9 Average compensation of employees 10 Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) 13 Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) Output and inputs 2.0 -1.3 -1.7 -3.6 -0.4 3.3 3.7 3.4 7.5 4.2 5.1 0.7 -1.9 -1.2 -1.9 0.7 2.7 2.0 2.4 9.4 6.5 14.4 1.5 0.3 -2.7 -4.2 -3.0 1.2 4.3 2.5 4.7 3.4 -0.6 Between 2007 and 2012, real output in the manufacturing sector grew on average by 2.0% annually.
In 2012, the sector witnessed a growth of 1.5%, higher than the 0.7% growth registered in 2011.

For the period 2007 to 2012, labour input declined by 1.3% annually and capital input by an average annual rate of 1.7%.

In 2012, labour input increased by 0.3% while capital input declined by 2.7% compared to contractions of 1.9% and 1.2% respectively in 2011.
Productivity trends During the period 2007 to 2012, labour productivity in the manufacturing sector registered an average annual growth of 3.3% and capital productivity increased by an average of 3.7% annually.

This was the result of growth of 2.0% in real output and declines of 1.7% and 1.3% in capital input and labour input respectively.

During the same period, multifactor productivity increased by an average of 3.4% per annum.
In 2012, labour productivity in manufacturing grew by 1.2%, lower than the 2.7% growth in 2011.

Capital and multifactor productivity witnessed increases of 4.3% and 2.5% respectively in 2012 compared to increases of 2.0% and 2.4% in 2011.

19 1.

APPROACH TO PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT 1.1 The relevance of productivity measurement Productivity measurement makes use of ratios calculated by comparing output to one input or a combination of inputs in a particular industry, sector or for the entire economy.
The ratio of output to labour or capital gives partial productivity indicators, and the ratio of output to all inputs is termed total factor productivity (TFP).

However, as data is not available to estimate all inputs, a less specific term, multifactor productivity (MFP) is used.

The productivity ratio can increase in the following five ways: Output increases while inputs stay constant.

Output increases while inputs decline.

(i) (ii) (iii) Output stays constant while inputs decline.
(iv) Both output and input decreases, with input decreasing at a higher rate.

(v) Both output and input increases, with output increasing at a higher rate.

For countries with growing workforces or high unemployment rates options (i) and (v) are usually preferred as they do not involve reductions in input and therefore does not pose a threat to employment.

Most cost reduction exercises usually entail the retrenchment of labour, as it is a mobile and therefore vulnerable resource.
1.2 The Productivity process Fig1.1 The Productivity Process Effectiveness Effectiveness Management Resource Resource Market Market Labour Labour Materials Materials Energy Energy Capital Capital Conversion Goods Goods and and Services Services Product Product and and Service Service Market Market Efficiency Efficiency Utilisation Utilisation 20 Productivity improvement is brought about in many ways.
For instance, producing the “right products and services” (effectiveness) will lead to an increase in demand, which usually means better utilisation of capacity.

Productivity may also be enhanced through more competent management or better allocation of existing resources, resulting in a higher rate of conversion (efficiency) or greater use (utilisation) of these resources.
1.3 Coverage The series on productivity and competitiveness indicators relate to all production units including small units operating with nine or fewer workers.

The indices have been computed using Gross Domestic Product and Value Added figures based on the results of the 2007 Census of Economic Activities.
This publication presents data available as at end of March 2011 on the performance of the (a) Total economy (b) Manufacturing sector and (c) Export Oriented Enterprises (consisting of all those enterprises, formerly operating with an EPZ certificate and those enterprises manufacturing goods for exports) and its two sub-sectors, textile and non - textile.

1.4 Caution to users Productivity statistics are derived from ratios, therefore they should be used and interpreted with caution.
A rise in output per unit of a single input will measure the combined effect of a change in the efficiency with which all resources have been used.

For example, output per worker will rise if employees are given facilities of professional training in their respective fields as well as motivation and encouragement on the part of their managers.

- 21 - 2.
- 21 - 2.

INDICATORS FOR THE TOTAL ECONOMY 2.1 Structure of the economy The structure of the economy has changed over the years with a gradual shift from agriculture to the service sectors.

For example the share of the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which was 6.5% in 2000 went down to 3.4% in 2012.

The manufacturing sector also experienced a fall, from 22.5% in 2000 to 16.7% in 2012.
On the other hand, the share of the services sector which was 64.0% in 2000 increased to 71.4% in 2012.

The contribution of the different industry groups to the economy, classified according to the National Standard Industrial Classification Rev 2 for the years 2007, 2010 to 2012 are shown in table below.
Table III: Contribution of different industry groups to the economy Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry group Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Export oriented enterprises Other Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and storage Accomodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Monetary intermediation Financial leasing and other credit granting Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding Other Real estate activities Owner occupied dwellings Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other service activities Percentage Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.2 Output and inputs - 22 - Real output of an industry is measured by value added at constant prices.
At total economy level, real output is hence equal to Gross Domestic Product at constant prices which indicate the total volume of goods and services produced in the country in a specific year.

From 2002 to 2012, GDP in real terms increased at an annual rate of 4.4%.

Growth rates of real output by industry group and for the whole economy for the period of 2007 to 2012 are given in table B.1.
Labour input measured here by the number of persons engaged, registered an average annual growth of 1.4% during the period 2002 to 2012 while capital input which refers to the net stock of investment in reproducible fixed assets increased by an average of 5.1% annually.

Changes in labour input and capital input for years 2007 to 2012 by sector and for the whole economy are given in table B.2 and table B.3 respectively.
2.3 Trends in labour productivity Labour productivity for the total economy, that is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker, is calculated by dividing GDP (at constant prices) by the total number of persons engaged.

An increase in GDP per worker can result when GDP increases at a higher rate than employment and a decline can occur when the same GDP is produced with more labour input.
Figure 2.1 – Labour productivity and its components – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Output Labour input Labour productivity 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 From the above figure, it is observed that the labour productivity index has increased continuously from 83.5 in 2002 to 111.6 in 2012.

The average annual growth in labour productivity for the period under study works out to 2.9%.
In 2012, labour productivity grew at a lower rate of 1.6% compared to 3.2% in 2011.

This was the result of a GDP growth of 3.3% in 2012 compared to 3.5% in 2011, coupled with a higher growth of 1.6% in labour input in 2012 against 0.3% in 2011.

Trends in labour productivity during the - 23 - period 2007 to 2012 for the economy as a whole and also for the different sectors are shown in table B.4.
2.4 Trends in capital productivity Capital productivity is the ratio of real output to the stock of fixed capital used in the production process.

For the total economy, it is measured by dividing Gross Domestic Product (at constant prices) in a particular year by the fixed capital stock (at constant prices) used to produce it.

Capital productivity indicates how efficiently capital assets are being used.
Figure 2.2 – Capital productivity and its components – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Output Capital productivity Capital input 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Capital productivity is defined as real GDP per unit of capital.

From 2002 to 2012, capital productivity declined at an average annual rate of 0.6% with the index dropping from 101.3 in 2002 to 94.9 in 2012.
Capital productivity witnessed declines for four consecutive years as from 2009 with a drop of 0.9% observed in 2012.

The 0.9% fall in 2012 was explained by a higher growth in capital input (4.3%) compared to GDP (3.3%).

Trends in capital productivity by industry group and for the whole economy are given in table B.5 for the years 2007 to 2012.

2.5 Capital-labour ratio and Capital-output ratio The capital-output ratio represents the units of capital required to produce one unit of output.
The capital-output ratio shows an annual increase of 0.7% from 2002 to 2012 with the index improving from 98.7 in 2002 to reach 105.4 in 2012.

The capital-labour ratio is defined as the ratio of the stock of fixed capital to labour inputs.

The index of the capital-labour ratio has increased from 82.5 in 2002 to 117.5 in 2012, representing an annual growth of 3.6%.

- 24 - In 2012, the capital-output ratio witnessed a rise of 1.0% compared to an increase of 1.3% in 2011.
On the other hand, the capital-labour ratio grew at a rate of 2.6% in 2012 compared to 4.5% in 2011.
Figure 2.3 – Capital-labour ratio and capital-output ratio – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Labour productivity Capital-output ratio Capital labour ratio 120 110 100 90 80 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2.6 Trends in multifactor productivity Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures output against the combined effect of a multiplicity of factors of which capital and labour are the most important ones.
The other factors which could be included are better quality products and services, economies of scale, improved access to foreign markets, better management and improved training.
Figure 2.4 – Multifactor productivity and its components – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Output Labour input Capital input Multifactor productivity 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 - 25 - Between 2002 and 2012, MFP decreased by an average of 0.8% per annum.

No growth in MFP was registered in 2012 compared to an increase of 0.3% recorded in 2011.
2.7 Comparison of productivity trends Figure 2.5 shows the trends in the labour, capital and multifactor productivity indices for the period 2002 to 2012.

Over the years, whilst labour productivity and multifactor productivity grew by 2.9% and 0.8% annually, capital productivity witnessed a negative annual growth of 0.6%.
Figure 2.5 – Capital, labour and multifactor productivity – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 120 110 100 90 80 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2.8 Trends in Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Figure 2.6 – Unit Labour Cost – Total economy, 2002 to 2012 Labour productivity ULC Average compensation of employees 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 140 120 100 80 60 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 - 26 - Unit labour cost is affected by changes in both average compensation of employees and labour productivity.
The figure above shows the trend followed by the ULC index.

During the period 2002 to 2012, average annual compensation of employees increased by 6.9% whilst labour productivity grew by 2.9%.

The higher growth in average annual compensation of employees compared to that of labour productivity resulted in an average annual growth of 3.8% in ULC.

In 2012, ULC increased by 3.1% compared to a 4.3% growth in 2011 (Table A 1.2).
2.9 Growth accounting The contribution of different factors to economic growth is determined by the growth accounting technique.

Fig 2.7 - Contribution of labour, capital and total factor productivity to GDP growth 2002 – 2012 TFP 3.9% Labour 11.6% Average annual GDP growth 2002-2012 = 4.4% Capital 84.5% Between 2002 and 2012, the contribution of labour to the 4.4% average annual growth in GDP worked out to 11.6% and that of capital to 84.5%.
The remaining 3.9% represents the contribution of “Total Factor Productivity” (TFP), which includes qualitative factors such as training, management and technology.

It is to be noted that during the period under study, labour grew by 1.4% and capital by 5.1%.

Growth in TFP is that part of change in output that has not been explained by corresponding changes in labour and capital inputs.

Factors Labour Capital TFP Percentage 11.6 % 84.5% 3.9% - 27 - 3.
INDICATORS FOR THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 3.1 Background The contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP decreased from 18.3% in 2007 to 16.7% in 2012.

In 2012, employment in the manufacturing sector stood at 111,700 (19.6% of total employment) compared to 119,000 (22.7 % of total employment) in 2007.
The main activities in the manufacturing sector are grouped under: (i) exports oriented enterprises (ii) Sugar milling (including electricity produced by sugar factories as by-products but excluding electricity produced by the Independent Power Producers (IPPs), and (iii) Other manufacturing which comprises goods mostly meant for the local market.

These groups contributed respectively 6.2%, 0.3% and 10.2% to GDP in 2012.
3.2 Output and inputs From 2007 to 2012, real output in the manufacturing sector grew on average by 2.0% annually.

In 2012, the sector registered a growth of 1.5% higher than the 0.7% growth registered in 2011.

During the same period, labour and capital inputs declined annually by 1.3% and 1.7% respectively.

In 2012, labour input increased by 0.3% after a fall of 1.9% in 2011.

Capital input further decreased by 2.7% in 2012 after a fall of 1.2% in 2011.
3.3 Trends in labour productivity The labour productivity index reflects the interaction between output and labour input.

From 2007 to 2012, labour productivity in the manufacturing sector registered an average annual growth of 3.3%.

Figure 3.1 shows that the labour productivity index has improved over the years, from 100.0 in 2007 to 117.4 in 2012.

In 2012, labour productivity in manufacturing increased by 1.2%, lower than the 2.7% growth in 2011.
The 1.2% increase in 2012 is the result of a 1.5% growth in output coupled with a rise of 0.3% in labour input (Table A2.1).
Figure 3.1 – Labour Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2012 - 28 - 140 120 100 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 80 2007 Output Labour input Labour productivity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 3.4 Trends in capital productivity Figure 3.2 – Capital Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2012 120 100 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 80 2007 Output Capital input Capital productivity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year During the period 2007 to 2012, capital productivity declined by an average of 3.7% annually as a result of a decline of 1.7% in capital input and increase of 2.0% in real output respectively.
- 29 - In 2012, capital productivity witnessed a growth of 4.3%, higher than the 2.0% growth in 2011.

The 4.3% growth is the result of a higher growth of 2.0% in real output compared to the negative growth of 1.7% in capital input (Table A2.1).
3.5 Trends in multifactor productivity Figure 3.3 – Multifactor Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2012 120 Output 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 110 100 90 2007 Labour input Capital input Multifactor productivity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year During the period 2007 to 2012, multifactor productivity (MFP) increased by an average of 3.4% per annum.

In 2012, MFP witnessed an increase of 2.5% compared to2.4% in 2011 (Table A2.1).
3.6 Trends in Unit Labour Cost Unit labour cost is affected by changes in both average compensation and labour productivity.

Between 2007 and 2012, ULC grew at an annual rate of 4.2% due to higher growth in average compensation of employees (7.5%) compared to labour productivity (3.3%).

Figure 3.4 shows that the ULC index in the manufacturing sector has moved from 100.0 in 2007 to 122.5 in 2012.

In 2012, ULC for the manufacturing sector grew by 3.4% following an increase of 6.5% in 2011 (Table A2.2).
- 30 - Figure 3.4 – Unit Labour Cost - Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2012 Labour productivity ULC Average compensation of employees 150 140 130 120 110 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 100 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year - 31 - 4.

INDICATORS FOR THE EXPORT ORIENTED ENTERPRISES 4.1 Background The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up in the early seventies to encourage investment in the manufacturing sector.

When the first companies started operating in 1971, employment in this sector stood at around 650.
It peaked at around 90,000 in the nineties.

The number of persons employed by large EPZ establishments was 65,200 (51,200 Mauritians and 14,000 foreigners) in March 2006.

Following the repeal of various industrial enactments in the Finance Act 2006, all industrial certificates including the export certificate (EPZ) lapsed on 1 October 2006.
To have consistent data series on enterprises involved in manufacturing activities for export, in addition to enterprises previously holding an EPZ certificate, enterprises manufacturing goods for export and holding a registration certificate issued by the Board of Investment as from 1 October 2006 are also considered as “Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE)”.

At the end of December 2012, the number of persons employed by the EOE was 54,187 (34,988 Mauritians and 19,199 foreigners).
In 2012, the share of the EOE sector in the economy was 6.2%.

The contribution of the textile and non-textile sub-sectors in the total output of the EOE sector was 74.4% and 25.6% respectively.

4.2 Output and inputs Figure 4.1 – Output and input trends – Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 to 2012 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Output Labour input Capital input 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year From 2007 to 2012, real output of the EOE sector increased at an average annual rate of 3.0%.
Within the sector, average annual growths of 9.8% and 0.8% were observed in the non-textile and textile establishments respectively.

- 32 - During the period 2007 to 2012, labour input registered an annual decrease of 4.1%.

In 2012, labour input declined further by 2.7% after a fall of 2.6% in 2011.

Between 2007 and 2012, an average annual fall of 6.7% was observed in capital input.

In 2012, the index fell by 7.5% after a decline of 7.1% in 2011.
4.3 Productivity trends Figure 4.2 – Productivity trends – Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 to 2012 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 100 2007 Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Figure 4.2 shows the trends in the labour, capital and multifactor productivity indices for the EOE sector for the years 2007 to 2012. .

Both labour and capital productivity registered average annual growths of 7.4% and 10.5 % respectively.
This is explained by an annual increase of 3.0% in real output coupled with decreases of 4.1 % in labour input and 6.7% in capital input during the period under review.

Multifactor productivity grew at an average annual rate of 8.6%.

In 2012, labour productivity in EOE grew by 4.3% compared to a growth of 8.9% in 2011.

Capital and multifactor productivity witnessed further increases of 9.7% and 6.5% respectively in 2012 after the increases of 14.2% and 10.8 in 2011.
- 33 - 4.4 Trends in Unit Labour Cost Figure 4.3 – Unit Labour Cost – Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 to 2012 160 150 140 130 120 110 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 100 2007 Labour productivity Average compensation of employees ULC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Figure 4.3 shows the trend in unit labour cost (ULC) in the EOE sector for the period 2007 to 2012.

During that period, average compensation of employees in the EOE sector increased by an average annual rate of 9.1% and labour productivity by 7.4%.
The higher growth in average compensation of employees compared to labour productivity caused ULC to increase at an average annual rate of 1.6% during that period.

In 2012, the ULC index grew by 1.7% following a growth of 1.4% in 2011.
- 35 - 5. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5.1 General Competitiveness is the degree to which a nation can, under free and fair market conditions, produce goods and services that meet the rest of international markets while simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens.

Indicators commonly used are unit labour cost, real effective exchange rate and relative market shares.

Some of the competitiveness indicators have been computed and are presented in this report.
5.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost (ULC) To compare changes in competitiveness, the impacts of exchange rate fluctuations have to be taken into account, since competitiveness of products depends upon changes in the prices of these products in the market.

Figure 5.1 below presents ULC in Mauritian Rupee and US Dollar for the period 2002 to 2012.

It clearly shows that ULC is highly associated with changes in exchange rates.
When a national currency appreciates against the US Dollar, more Dollars must be paid in exchange for each national currency unit.

On the other hand, when a national currency depreciates against US Dollar, less Dollars are paid in exchange for each national currency unit.
Figure 5.1-ULC index in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US dollar - Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2012 Unit labour cost (MUR) Unit labour cost (US Dollar) Exchange Rate MUR/US $ 130 120 110 100 90 80 0 0 1 = 7 0 0 2 x e d n I 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 From 2002 to 2012, ULC in Mauritian Rupees grew by an average of 3.8% annually.

In Dollar terms, the increase was the same as a result of no change in the average annual exchange rate of the Mauritian Rupee vis-à-vis the US Dollar.
In 2012, ULC in Dollar terms declined by 1.0% after recording a growth of 12.0% in 2011.

- 36 - 5.3 International comparison of ULC in the Manufacturing sector - 2011 An international comparison of growth in ULC in the manufacturing sector for the year 2011, in national currency and US Dollar is given in the table IV and figure 5.2 below.
Table IV: Manufacturing Unit Labour Cost of selected countries, 2011 Country National currency US $ USA France Germany Italy UK Mauritius Taiwan Korea 0.6 0.6 6.5 14.4 -6.1 -2.0 -2.3 1.4 -2.2 2.8 2.5 7.7 0.3 5.3 1.8 9.2 Figure 5.2 – International comparison of ULC in Manufacturing – Growth rate (%), 2011 ) % ( e t a r h t w o r G 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 National Currency US $ 5.3 14.4 9.2 7.7 6.5 0.6 0.3 USA France 2.8 2.5 1.4 1.8 Italy Mauritius Taiwan -2.2 Germany -2.3 UK Korea -2.0 -6.1 Source: U.S Bureau of Labour Statistics and Statistics Mauritius Estimates It is observed that, in 2011, ULC in the manufacturing sector, expressed in national currency, increased in all countries except in Germany, UK and Korea.
Mauritius and Italy recorded increases of 6.5% and 2.5% respectively.

In the same year, ULC in US Dollar showed an even steeper increase than in the national currency valuations for all countries, due to the relative strength of their currencies vis-à-vis the US Dollar.

Mauritius, Taiwan and Italy witnessed increases of 14.4%, 9.2% and 7.7% respectively.
5.4 Evolution of market share - 37 - Evolution of market share of our products with our main trading partner countries is another indicator pertinent to the analysis of competitiveness.

A country exporting a particular product to another country maintains its share of the market if the growth of its share in the market for that product equals the rate at which the imports of the products grow in the importing country.
Table C.8 shows the evolution of our market share for five SITC1 groups, for 2009 to 2012 in some of our main importing countries.

Data for United Kingdom shows that the share of Mauritius for SITC group 8412 has decreased gradually from 0.6% in 2009 to 0.2 % in 2012 while data for France for the same product has increased from 0.6% in 2009 to 0.9% in 2012.
1 SITC: Standard International Trade Classification 2 Men's or boys coats, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics not knitted or crocheted.

A.
A.

SERIES A 1 TOTAL ECONOMY Table A 1.1 - Productivity Trends - Total Economy, 1995 - 2012 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Index Gr rat owth e % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2007 = 100) 55.5 58.9 62.2 65.8 67.2 74.0 77.4 78.7 8383 6.
0.
-0.6 0.4 -4.6 4.5 -0.6 -3.0 0.6 0 6 -0.8 -1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 -2.4 -0.9 -1.3 -0.9 80.3 83.4 85.5 87.8 86.5 92.9 94.2 93.2 95.7 95 7 96.7 96.7 98.4 100.0 100.8 100.3 100.4 100.8 100.7 3.6 3.8 2.6 2.6 -1.5 7.4 - 3 9 1.4 - -1.1 2.7 2 7 1.0 0.0 1.7 1.6 0.8 -0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 .
Table A 1.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - Total Economy, 1995 - 2012 sation Average Compen s of employee Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth ra % te Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2007 = 100) 40.4 44.2 46.9 51.8 54.8 59.8 63.9 68.4 74 0.
-0.6 3.6 5.6 3 03.0 4.3 2.1 3.5 7.6 8.1 0.7 1.8 4.3 3.1 62.9 66.3 69.1 72.1 72.9 80.0 82.4 83.5 87 8.
-0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 4.9 -4.3 0.6 3.1 59.6 62.8 65.8 68.4 72.5 76.1 78.9 82.5 -0.6 -0 6 .
86 1 86 1 0.8 1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 2.5 0.9 1.3 1.0 89.6 92.9 96.3 100.0 101.5 106.6 109.6 114.5 117.5 - 4 0 - 4.2 5.3 4.8 3.9 6.0 5.0 3.7 4.5 4.4 4 4 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 1.5 5.1 2.8 4.5 2.6 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 A 2 - THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR Table A 2.1 - Productivity Trends - Manufacturing sector, 1995 - 2012 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Year Index Gr ra owth te % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 76.2 81.2 86.0 91.2 93.0 100.0 105.0 102.2 103.2 104.0 100.4 105.2 107.6 111.1 113.4 115.8 5.9 6.5 5.9 6.1 2.0 7.5 5.0 -2.7 1.0 0.8 -3.5 4.8 2.3 3.2 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.7 3.7 3.9 -0.8 -2.1 -0.9 -2.8 -3.5 -5.2 -4.2 0.8 1.7 0.2 -6.1 -1.1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100.0 103.3 105.8 107.8 108.6 110.2 3.3 2.4 1.9 0.7 1.5 100.0 101.3 96.0 95.5 93.6 93.9 1.3 -5.3 -0.5 -1.9 0.3 84.8 85.1 85.2 89.5 95.2 100.0 103.6 108.0 110.2 115.3 119.4 118.4 125.0 124.3 124.4 119.6 100.0 99.4 99.5 95.7 94.5 91.9 -2.2 0.3 0.1 5.1 6.3 5.1 3.6 4.3 2.0 4.7 3.6 -0.9 5.6 -0.6 0.0 -3.8 -0.6 0.0 -3.8 -1.2 - -4.0 2.3 1.4 -6.7 -1.0 -3.7 -6.8 5.7 - -1.1 5.5 3.1 -3.9 1.0 -0.4 -4.7 5.0 -3.4
4.1 1.4 -1.1 5.5 3.1 -3.9 1.0 -0.4 -4.7 5.0 -3.4 2.9 4.1 6.8 2.6 5.9 3.9 2.4 2.5 - 4 1 - Table A 2.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - Manufacturing sector, 199 5 - 2012 Year Average Compens employees ation of Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth r ate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 66.2 70.5 73.2 80.2 90.1 100.0 108.9 117.1 126.5 142.1 148.4 159 2.
159 2 169.4 184.6 200.0 10.3 6.5 3.9 9.5 12.3 11.0 8.9 7.6 8.0 12.3 4.5 7 27.2 6.4 9.0 8.4 2010 220.2 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 13.
5.9 5.9 - 6.
112 6 116.2 112.0 109.7 103.3 100.0 96.3 94.0 88.7 87.0 83.4 -7.6 -5.8 -5.4 -0.9 4.3 -2.2 -1.4 7.1 1.0 3.8 7.3 -5.4 5 4 3.2 -3.6 -2.0 -5.8 -3.7 -2.3 -5.7 -1.9 -4.2 89.4 89.0 85.9 86.9 93.2 100.0 104.5 112.1 118.5 130.8 141.3 .
139 1 139 1 144.3 143.2 152.5 148.3 100.0 98.1 103.7 100.2 100.9 97.9 - 4 2 - -2.1 -0.5 -3.5 1.2 7.2 7.3 4.5 7.2 5.8 10.3 8.1 -1.6 1 6 3.8 -0.8 6.5 -2.7 -1.9 5.6 -3.3 0.7 -3.0 A 3 - THE EXPORT ORIENTED ENTERPRISES (EOE sector) Table B 3.1 - Productivity Trends - EOE sector, 1995 - 2012 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productiv ity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Year Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Grow th rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5.0 7.0 6.0 6.9 6.0 5.6 4.9 -6.3 -4.6 -5.8 -6.46.
4 8.2 11.2 1.6 - (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 100.0 95.7 87.2 85.7 83.5 81.2 100.0 101.7 101.3 107.8 114.4 116.1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1.7 -0.4 6.4 6.1 1.5 -2.3 0.2 4.6 5.4 1.8 -0.3 1.3 -5.8 -6.7 -10.5 8.
-8.5 5 -0.8 3.2 -4.3 -8.9 -1.7 -4.3 -8.9 -1.7 -2.6 -2.7 79.6 78.6 82.3 87.6 95.0 100.0 103.9 103.3 101.3 110.9 .

116.5 116 5 117.7 133.7 130.5 120.4 109.8 100.0 97.6 90.1 82.1 76.3 70.6 -2.8 -1.2 4.7 6.4 8.5 5.2 3.9 -0.6 -1.9 9.4 5.

5.1 1 1.0 13.6 -2.4 -7.7 -8.8 -2.4 -7.7 -8.8 -7.1 -7.5 82.6 88.2 89.3 90.6 94.4 100.0 103.5 103.0 105.3 110.8 .
113.4 113 4 123.6 133.1 141.4 153.1 165.9 100.0 106.3 116.2 125.8 137.0 142.9 7.5 6.7 1.3 1.5 4.2 5.9 3.5 -0.5 2.2 5.3 .3 2.3 2 9.0 .7 7 .2 6 8.3 8.4 6.3 9.3 8.3 8.9 4.3 92.6 100.3 101.5 102.0 99.7 100.0 100.9 95.2 92.6 79.7 .9 70.9 70 76.0 4.4 7 7.4 7 82.8 96.8 100.0 104.2 112.4 131.2 149.9 164.4 8.0 8.3 1.2 0.5 -2.3 0.3 0.9 -5.7 -2.7 -13.9 .0 -11.0 11 7.1 -2.1 4.1 7.0 16.8 4.2 7.9 16.7 14.2 9.7 86.8 93.6 95.1 96.0 96.8 100.0 102.3 99.4 99.3 94.1 .3 88.3 88 93.7 94.8 100.8 110.2 126.7 100.0 105.3 114.5 128.1 141.9 151.2 - 4 3 - 7.9 7.9 1.6 0.9 0.8 3.3 2.3 -2.8 -0.1 -5.2 6.
-6.2 2 6.1 1.2 6.3 9.3 15.0 5.3 8.7 11.9 10.8 6.5 Year Table A 3.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE sector, 1995 - 2 012 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Gro rat wth e % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) -2.0 3.6 3.4 - - -7.4 -7.7 -1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.3 -0.9 6.1 2.8 16.2 12.3 -6.7 2.1 -3.9 -6.5 -14.4 -4.0 -7.4 -14.3 -12.4 -8.8 - 4 4 - 89.2 87.9 88.0 88.9 94.7 100.0 102.6 108.2 113.7 139.0 159.8 162.6 178.9 182.5 184.8 171.4 100.0 102.0 103.3 95.8 91.4 86.9 -0.5 -1.4 0.1 1.0 6.6 5.5 2.6 5.5 5.1 22.3 14.9 1.8 10.0 2.0 1.3 -7.3 2.0 1.3 -7.3 -4.6 -4.9 A 4 - THE EOE TEXTILE SUBSECTOR Table A 4.1 - P roductivity Trends - EOE textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Year Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Grow rate th % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 1995
% (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 72.8 78.8 83.8 89.6 95.0 100.0 104.8 96.5 91.2 83.7 76.1 79.8 89.3 89.4 86.3 88.8 4.7 8.3 6.3 6.9 6.0 5.3 4.8 -7.9 -5.5 -8.2 -9.1 4.9 11.9 0.1 -3.5 2.9 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100.0 100.3 96.9 100.2 104.2 104.2 100.0 92.5 83.0 78.8 76.0 73.5 0.3 -3.4 3.4 4.0 0.0 -3.6 0.5 5.3 5.8 2.0 -0.7 1.0 -5.9 -7.9 -12.8 -11.3 0.0 2.8 -7.5 -10.3 -5.0 -7.5 -10.3 -5.0 -3.6 -3.3 79.7 78.7 82.4 87.6 95.0 100.0 104.1 103.4 101.5 111.3 117.3 118.5 135.0 132.3 122.4 111.8 100.0 98.0 90.6 82.8 77.1 71.5 -2.8 -1.2 4.7 6.3 8.4 5.3 4.1 -0.6 -1.9 9.7 5.4 1.0 14.0 -2.0 -7.5 -8.6 -2.0 -7.5 -8.6 -6.9 - - -2.3 0.0 0.7 -7.3 -3.7 -16.3 -13.8 3.9 - - 4 5 - 8.4 9.1 1.6 0.7 0.7 3.1 2.3 -4.2 -0.2 -5.9 -7.0 3.0 2.1 8.7 8.1 14.9 5.9 6.6 10.8 9.1 4.7 Table A 4.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 Year Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index h rate Growt % Index h rate Growt % Index rate Growth % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) .
166 0 185.5 206.7 240.0 268.0 11.4 8.7 -0.5 9.7 12.5 9.7 6.3 15.9 6.9 12.6 4.1 7 47.4 11.7 11.4 16.1 11.7 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) .
140 7 144.5 148.8 160.6 165.6 100.0 102.8 110.8 113.7 116.1 118.5 2.6 0.9 - .
118 0 128.4 138.9 149.4 161.9 100.0 108.4 116.8 127.1 137.0 141.7 8.6 7.8 0.9 1.0 3.9 6.1 3.8 - -7.1 -8.8 -1.5 -0.5 2.3 0.0 -0.7 7.9 3.8 19.5 16.0 3 7 -3.7 1.9 -2.1 -4.1 -11.2 -2.3 -4.2 -11.6 -10.5 -7.3 - 4 6 - 90.4 88.9 88.3 88.7 94.3 100.0 103.1 108.9 116.0 145.8 173.2 175 0 175.0 194.0 205.5 212.0 203.9 100.0 105.9 109.2 105.1 101.4 97.2 0.9 -1.7 -0.6 0.5 6.3 6.0 3.1 5.6 6.5 25.7 18.8 1.0 1 0 10.9 5.9 3.2 -3.8 5.9 3.2 -3.8 -3.5 -4.2 A 5 - THE EOE NON - TEXTILE SUBSECTOR Table A 5.1 - Pro ductivity Trends - E OE non-textile subsector, 1995 - 2012 Year Real Output Index h Growt rate % Labour Input h Growt rate % Index Capital Input Index Grow rate th % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) Labour Productivity owth te % Gr ra Index Capital Productivity Growth rate % Index Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % - (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 15.8 132.7 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100.0 106.4 112.3 128.3 143.2 159.8 100.0 110.2 106.5 6.4 5.5 14.3 117.3 11.6 117.7 11.6 116.7 7.3 -1.3 -0.5 1.9 -0.4 3.2 4.1 -5.1 2.3 4.1 6.6 -4.0 5.1 10.2 -3.3 10.1 10.2 -3.3 10.1 0.3 -0.9 78.9 78.0 82.0 87.4 95.1 100.0 103.0 102.5 100.3 108.4 112.0 112.9 125.1 119.3 108.0 -2.8 -1.1 5.1 6.6 8.7 5.2 3.0 -0.5 -2.1 8.1 3.3 0.8 10.8 -4.7 -9.5 96.9 -10.3 100.0 95.3 86.3 77.4 71.0 64.9 -4.7 -9.5 -10.3 -8.3 -8.6 84.1 82.6 85.4 89.6 95.4 100.0 100.9 112.5 111.0 115.9 117.1 147.8 153.3 147.9 158.9 167.1 100.0 96.6 105.4 109.4 121.7 137.0 0.3 -1.7 3.4 4.9 6.4 4.8 0.9 11.5 -1.4 4.4 1.0 26.2 3.7 -3.5 7.5 5.2 -3.4 9.1 3.8 11.2 12.6
 103.6 101.6 99.5 99.7 97.2 100.0 102.1 108.5 111.9 112.5 117.3 140.8 138.5 154.5 177.4 228.9 100.0 111.6 130.1 165.7 201.8 246.4 10.7 -1.9 -2.1 0.3 -2.5 2.9 2.1 6.3 3.1 0.6 4.2 20.1 - - 4 7 - 5.0 -2.0 0.7 2.9 2.4 4.2 1.3 9.0 1.1 2.0 3.0 21.9 -0.1 6.8 12.3 20.7 6.4 13.5 18.7 15.1 19.5 Table A 5.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE non-textile subsector, 1995 to 2012 Year Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index h Growt rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) -2.2 20.6 15.2 33.5 -4.4 19.7 -24.3 -5.7 -4.2 4.4 25.5 19.4 6.8 0.7 -13.3 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100.0 106.8 107.6 6.8 0.7 93.3 -13.3 107.4 118.4 15.1 10.2 68.6 68.3 79.6 87.4 109.
6 100.

0 118.6 80.6 77.1 70.7 73.1 72.

7 83.

7 92.6 86.8 71.6 100.0 110.

6 102.
1 85.3 88.3 86.4 7.4 -0.4 16.6 9.7 25.5 -8.8 18.6 -32.1 -4.4 -8.2 3.3 -0.6 15.1 10.7 -6.3 -17.5 10.6 -7.7 -16.4 3.5 -2.1 84.1 82.6 85.4 89.6 95.4 100.0 100.9 112.5 111.0 115.9 117.1 147.8 153.3 147.9 158.9 167.1 100.0 96.6 105.4 109.4 121.7 137.0 0.3 -1.7 3.4 4.9 6.4 4.8 0.9 11.5 -1.4 4.4 1.0 26.2 3.7 -3.5 7.5 5.2 -3.4 9.1 3.8 11.2 12.6 96.5 98.4 100.6 100.3 102.9 100.0 98.0 92.2 89.4 88.9 85.3 71.0 72.2 64.7 56.4 43.7 100.0 89.6 76.9 60.3 49.6 40.6 -9.7 1.9 2.2 -0.3 2.6 -2.8 -2.0 -5.9 -3.0 -0.6 -4.1 -16.7 1.7 -10.3 -12.9 -22.5 -10.4 -14.2 -21.5 -17.9 -18.1 - 4 8 - 81.2 81.3 85.9 89.9 98.1 100.0 98.9 103.7 99.3 103.0 99.9 104.9 110.6 95.7 89.6 73.0 100.0 86.5 81.0 66.0 60.3 55.6 -9.4 0.2 5.6 4.7 9.2 1.9 -1.1 4.9 -4.3 3.8 -3.1 5.1 5.4 -13.5 -6.4 -18.5 -13.5 -6.4 -18.5 -8.6 -7.8 Table B.1 - Real output by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry Index Growth Rate (%) Real Output (Index 2007=100) 2010 -0.8 2011 3.6 2012 -0.1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 100.0 103.0 112.3 111.4 115.4 115.3 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 100.0 101.5 96.0 100.2 81.3 74.5 100.0 103.3 105.8 107.8 108.6 110.2 Export Oriented Enterprises 100.0 101.7 101.3 107.8 114.4 116.1 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 100.0 107.1 107.1 112.0 117.0 122.3 3.0 1.5 3.3 1.7 7.1 9.1 -5.4 2.4 -0.4 0.0 4.4 1.9 6.4 4.6 Water supply, sewerage, waste management remediation activities and 100.0 99.3 99.1 98.8 101.2 102.9 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 Construction 100.0 111.8 118.5 123.6 121.1 117.5 11.8 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor ve motorcycles hicles, 100.0 104.6 105.2 109.4 113.4 117.9 Transportation and storage 100.0 103.1 105.8 109.4 112.1 114.6 Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 101.3 95.3 101.0 104.5 104.5 Information and communication I f d i i i .
00 0 1 100 0 11 .

113 2 3 2 .

6 3 12 3 126 14 10.

1 140 15 .

152 9 2 9 .

66 7 1 166 7 Financial and insurance activities 100.0 110.1 115.2 120.3 127.1 134.4 Real estate activities (Other) 100.0 108.2 117.9 129.4 141.8 155.7 4.6 3.1 1.3 .
1313 2 2 10.1 8.2 Professional, scientific and technical activities 100.0 115.1 123.6 131.6 141.3 152.3 15.1 Administrative and support service activities 100.0 105.4 108.0 116.3 126.9 136.5 Public administration and defence; compuls security ory social 100.0 101.1 102.2 105.5 109.6 112.2 Education 100.0 102.9 105.5 109.6 113.5 116.7 Human health and social work activities 100.0 104.5 111.3 117.8 125.1 134.2 5.4 1.1 2.9 4.5 5.9 0.6 2.6 -6.0 11.6 11 6 4.6 9.0 7.4 2.5 1.0 2.5 6.4 Arts, entertainment and recreation 100.0 113.9 128.4 135.9 145.2 158.1 13.9 12.7 Other service activities 100.0 104.4 107.8 117.6 126.9 135.4 Total Economy 100.0 105.5 108.8 113.3 117.3 121.2 4.4 5.5 3.3 3.1 4.3 4.0 3.4 6.0 10.9 10 9 4.5 9.7 6.5 7.6 3.3 3.9 5.9 5.8 9.1 4.2 -18.9 -8.3 0.7 6.1 4.4 2.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 1.6 -2.0 -3.0 3.7 2.5 3.5 9.1 9 1 5.6 9.6 7.3 9.2 3.8 3.6 6.1 6.9 7.8 3.5 - 4 9 - 3.9 2.2 0.0 9.0 9 0 5.7 9.8 7.8 7.5 2.4 2.8 7.3 8.8 6.7 3.3 Table B.2 - Labour input by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry Index Growth Rate (%) Labour input (Index 2007=100) Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 2007 100.0 2008 96.0 2009 96.0 2010 95.8 2011 95.0 2012 95.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.0 100.0 101.3 96.0 95.5 93.6 93.9 2008 -4.0 0.0 1.3 Export Oriented Enterprises 100.0 95.7 87.2 85.7 83.5 81.2 -4.3 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 115.0 115.0 Water supply, sewerage, waste management remediation activities and 100.0 106.9 110.3 110.3 113.8 124.1 Construction 100.0 103.6 106.4 109.6 111.7 113.0 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor veh motorcycles icles, 100.0 104.8 109.5 114.3 115.6 117.9 Transportation and storage 100.0 105.3 107.3 109.0 108.6 111.3 5.0 6.9 3.6 4.8 5.3 2009 0.0 0.0 -5.3 -8.9 4.8 3.2 2.7 4.5 1.9 Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 114.4 113.1 118.7 121.1 123.2 14.4 -1.1 Information and communication I f d i i i 000.
0 1001 10 .

5 6 105 6 10610 .22 6 10 39.

3 109 1109 30 .

9 3 11 .

6 0 116 0 6 5 65.
Financial and insurance activities 100.0 114.9 122.3 129.8 133.0 138.3 14.9 Real estate activities (Other) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 128.6 Professional, scientific and technical activities 100.0 103.5 103.5 105.8 107.0 118.6 Administrative and support service activities 100.0 104.7 106.2 108.2 108.2 109.3 Public administration and defence; compulso security ry social 100.0 103.1 103.8 103.3 102.6 101.5 Education 100.0 102.8 107.3 109.7 111.5 113.2 Human health and social work activities 100.0 107.7 111.0 126.5 130.3 131.6 Arts, entertainment and recreation 100.0 103.9 105.9 109.8 109.8 113.7 Other service activities 100.0 103.4 103.4 103.4 106.9 120.7 Total Economy 100.0 103.7 104.2 106.6 106.9 108.6 0.0 3.5 4.7 3.1 2.8 7.7 3.9 3.4 3.7 0.6 0 6 6.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.7 4.4 3.0 1.9 0.0 0.5 - 5 0 - 2010 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 2011 -0.8 0.0 -1.9 2012 0.2 15.0 0.3 -1.7 -2.6 -2.7 4.5 0.0 3.0 4.3 1.5 4.9 2.9 2 9 6.1 0.0 2.2 1.8 0.0 3.1 1.9 1.1 -0.3 2.1 0.0 0 0 2.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 9.1 1.1 2.0 2.4 1.8 6.2 6 2 4.0 28.6 10.9 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 -1.0 2.3 14.0 3.7 0.0 2.3 1.6 3.1 0.0 3.3 0.3 1.6 1.0 3.6 12.9 1.6 Table B.3 - Capital input by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Capital input (Index 2007=100) Industry Index Growth Rate (%) Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 2007 100.0 2008 106.9 2009 109.2 2010 110.8 2011 113.1 2012 115.5 100.0 135.0 168.6 208.5 253.3 295.1 100.0 99.4 99.5 95.7 94.5 91.9 Export Oriented Enterprises 100.0 97.6 90.1 82.1 76.3 70.6 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 100.0 97.3 97.0 97.5 101.4 108.1 Water supply, sewerage, waste management remediation activities and 100.0 96.0 93.6 96.0 107.5 129.1 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 6.9 35.0 -0.6 -2.4 -2.7 -4.0 2.2 24.9 0.0 -7.7 -0.4 -2.5 1.4 23.7 -3.8 -8.8 0.5 2.6 2.1 21.5 -1.2 -7.1 4.0 2.1 16.5 -2.7 -7.5 6.6 12.0 20.0 Construction 100.0 115.6 131.2 147.9 166.6 184.5 15.6 13.4 12.7 12.7 10.7 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor veh motorcycles icles, 100.0 107.9 113.1 121.6 137.2 149.5 7.9 Transportation and storage 100.0 99.8 104.2 105.9 103.5 101.0 Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 114.2 129.1 143.4 149.4 154.5 Information and communication I f d i i i 1100 0.
00 0 .

00 4 1 100 4 10210 .66 2 10 04.

0 104 10 .

104 9 4 9 10 .
5 9 105 9 Financial and insurance activities 100.0 101.5 104.7 116.2 122.5 128.9 Real estate activities (Other) 100.0 129.4 147.2 155.0 155.2 155.8 Professional, scientific and technical activities 100.0 137.7 171.1 209.9 256.9 303.2 Administrative and support service activities 100.0 114.3 137.8 135.8 157.6 183.5 Public administration and defence; compulso security ry social 100.0 103.0 111.1 119.2 131.2 138.0 Education 100.0 106.3 112.7 114.5 115.7 124.0 Human health and social work activities 100.0 110.7 128.9 145.1 159.1 177.3 Arts, entertainment and recreation 100.0 118.7 139.1 158.9 181.8 211.3 Other service activities 100.0 103.1 105.8 109.6 113.1 113.8 Total Economy 100.0 105.2 111.1 116.8 122.4 127.7 -0.2 14.2 4 0 40.
1.5 29.4 37.7 14.3 3.0 6.3 10.7 18.7 3.1 5.2 4.8 4.4 7.6 1.7 12.8 9.0 -2.3 -2.4 - 5 1 - 13.1 11.1 2.2 2 2 3.2 13.8 24.2 20.6 7.9 6.0 16.4 17.2 2.7 5.7 1.3 1 3 11.0 5.3 22.7 - Table B.4 - Labour productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry Index Growth Rate (%) Labour Productivity (Index 2007=100) 2008 2009 7.3 1.5 1.9 6.3 2.0 7.9 -0.2 -2.1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 2007 100.0 2008 107.3 2009 117.0 2010 116.3 2011 121.5 2012 121.2 100.0 101.5 96.0 100.2 81.3 64.8 100.0 101.9 110.2 112.9 116.0 117.4 Export Oriented Enterprises 100.0 106.3 116.2 125.8 137.0 142.9 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 100.0 102.0 97.4 97.4 101.7 106.3 Water supply, sewerage, waste management remediation activities and 100.0 92.9 89.8 89.5 89.0 82.9 -7.1 Construction 100.0 107.9 111.4 112.8 108.4 104.0 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor veh motorcycles icles, Transportation and storage Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 99.8 96.1 95.8 98.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.9 88.6 98.6 100.4 103.2 103.0 84.2 85.1 86.3 84.8 -11.4 Information and communication I f d i i i 1100 0.
00 0 10 .

7 3 107 3 11911 .00 9 12 28.

2 128 13 .

139 9 9 9 14 .

3 6 143 6 Financial and insurance activities 100.0 95.8 94.1 92.7 95.6 97.2 Real estate activities (Other) 100.0 108.2 117.9 129.4 141.8 121.1 3 7 37.
-4.2 8.2 Professional, scientific and technical activities 100.0 111.2 119.4 124.4 132.0 128.4 11.2 Administrative and support service activities 100.0 100.7 101.7 107.5 117.3 124.8 Public administration and defence; compulso security ry social 100.0 98.1 98.4 102.1 106.8 110.5 Education 100.0 100.1 98.3 99.9 101.8 103.1 Human health and social work activities 100.0 97.0 100.3 93.2 96.0 102.0 Arts, entertainment and recreation 100.0 109.6 121.3 123.7 132.3 139.0 Other service activities 100.0 101.0 104.2 113.7 118.7 112.1 Total Economy 100.0 101.8 104.4 106.4 109.8 111.6 0.7 -1.9 0.1 -3.0 9.6 1.0 1.8 - 5 2 - 2010 -0.6 2011 4.5 2012 -0.3 4.4 2.5 8.3 0.1 -0.3 1.3 -0.3 1.8 1.1 7.8 7 8 -1.5 9.7 4.2 5.7 3.8 1.6 -7.1 2.0 9.1 1.9 -18.9 -20.3 2.7 8.9 4.4 -0.6 -3.9 2.5 2.8 1.4 9.1 9 1 3.1 9.6 6.1 9.2 4.6 2.0 3.0 6.9 4.3 3.2 1.2 4.3 4.5 -6.8 -4.0 1.9 -0.2 -1.7 2.6 2 6 1.7 -14.6 -2.7 6.4 3.5 1.2 6.3 5.1 -5.5 1.6 9.1 -5.4 8.2 9.3 -4.5 -3.3 3.2 -3.8 0.7 -4.9 10.9 10 9 -1.8 9.0 7.4 1.0 0.3 -1.8 3.4 10.6 3.3 2.6 Table B.5 - Capital productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry Index Growth Rate (%) Capital Productivity (Index 2007=100) Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 2007 100.0 2008 96.3 2009 102.9 2010 100.5 2011 102.0 2012 99.9 2008 -3.7 2009 6.8 2010 -2.3 2011 1.5 2012 -2.1 100.0 75.2 56.9 48.1 32.1 25.3 -24.8 -24.3 -15.6 -33.2 -21.3 100.0 103.8 106.3 112.7 114.9 119.9 Export Oriented Enterprises 100.0 104.2 112.4 131.2 149.9 164.4 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 100.0 110.0 110.4 114.9 115.4 113.1 10.0 Water supply, sewerage, waste management remediation activities and 100.0 103.4 105.8 102.8 94.1 79.7 Construction 100.0 96.7 90.3 83.6 72.7 63.7 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor veh motorcycles icles, 100.0 96.9 93.0 90.0 82.7 78.9 Transportation and storage 100.0 103.4 101.6 103.2 108.4 113.4 3.4 -3.3 -3.1 3.4 3.8 4.2 2.4 7.9 0.4 2.4 -6.6 -4.0 -1.7 Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 88.7 73.8 70.4 69.9 67.6 -11.3 -16.8 Information and communication I f d i i i 1100 0.
00 0 11 .

2 7 112 7 12312 .11 3 13 84.

8 134 14 .

145 7 5 7 15 .
7 4 157 4 1212.7 7 Financial and insurance activities 100.0 108.5 110.0 103.5 103.8 104.2 8.5 9.2 9 2 1.3 Real estate activities (Other) Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulso security ry social Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other service activities 100.0 101.3 101.9 107.3 112.1 118.9 Total Economy 100.0 100.3 97.9 97.0 95.8 94.9 -16.4 -4.2 -16.5 -13.5 -13.2 -12.3 -7.8 -15.0 -1.8 -3.3 -5.6 -4.0 1.3 0.3 -6.4 -3.2 -8.6 -3.8 0.5 -2.4 9.2 -3.7 2.2 -5.9 -7.4 5.3 -0.9 -5.9 -5.6 2.5 -3.2 -6.6 4.5 -1.3 6.0 2.0 16.7 14.2 4.1 0.4 4.3 9.7 -2.0 -2.9 -8.5 -15.3 -7.5 -13.1 -12.3 -3.3 1.6 -4.6 9.5 9 5 -5.9 4.2 -8.1 4.9 -0.7 8.1 8 1 0.2 9.5 - 5 3 - -4.6 4.7 -3.3 8.1 8 1 0.4 9.4 -8.6 -7.6 -2.6 -4.1 -3.7 -6.4 6.1 -0.9 Table B.6 - Multifactor productivity by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Indus try Index Growth Rate (%) Multifactor Productivity (Index 2007=100) Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 2007 100.0 2008 100.0 2009 107.5 2010 105.6 2011 108.1 2012 107.0 2008 2009 0.0 7.5 2010 -1.8 2011 2.4 2012 -1.0 100.0 83.4 67.3 60.4 44.1 35.5 -16.6 -19.3 -10.3 -26.9 -19.6 100.0 102.6 108.6 112.8 115.5 118.4 3.9 2.4 11.9 10.8 0.6 2.5 6.5 -0.2 Export Oriented Enterpr ises 100.0 1 05.3 11 4.5 128.
1 141.9 51.2 1 Electricity, gas, steam and a ir conditioning 100.0 108.4 10 7.8 110 .4 111.0 110.7 Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 100.0 97.4 96.0 94.9 90.9 81.3 -2.6 Construction 100.0 101.6 99.1 95.4 86.5 78.7 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles 100.0 100.0 97.3 96.2 91.7 89.1 Transportation and storage 100.0 101.4 101.7 104.3 108.7 111.3 1.6 0.0 1.4 Accomodation and food service activities 100.0 88.7 76.3 73.7 73.5 71.3 -11.3 -14.0 Informat on an commun ca it on I f d d i i i i i .
00 0 1 100 0 1111 1.

11 1 1212 71.

1 7 13213 6.

2 6 14 .

143 6 3 6 1151 95 .

1 9 111 11.
1 Financial and insurance activities 100.0 105.1 105.7 100.6 101.6 102.4 5.1 ) Real estate activities (Other Professional, scientific and t echnical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and de security fence; compulsory social Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.5 93.7 95.4 8 6.6 8 7.0 86.1 91 .0 79 .7 93.0 99.7 73.4 91.8 68.1 88.4 104.3 -11.5 100.0 98.1 97.1 99.2 101.1 102.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.1 95.9 98.2 96.9 93.9 96.5 98.6 100.7 100.3 87.7 90.5 87.3 86.0 87.8 81.5 Other service activities 100.0 101.1 103.2 110.8 115.7 115.1 Total Economy 100.0 100.8 100.3 100.4 100.8 100.7 2.6 5.3 8.4 -6.3 -4.6 -1.9 -0.9 -4.1 -1.8 1.1 0.8 5.9 8.7 -0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -2.7 0.3 9.6 9 6 0.5 -2.2 -7.2 -9.7 -1.0 -2.1 -2.0 -1.8 2.0 -0.6 2.4 -1.1 -3.7 -1.2 2.5 -3.3 8.9 8 9 -4.8 5.1 -8.4 8.0 2.2 1.7 -6.7 -6.2 7.4 0.2 - 5 4 - -4.2 -10.6 -9.3 -4.6 4.2 -0.3 8.3 8 3 1.0 9.5 -7.9 -1.2 1.9 2.1 -0.4 -5.0 4.4 0.3 -9.0 -2.8 2.4 -3.0 5.8 5 8 0.8 4.6 -7.2 -3.8 1.7 -0.5 0.6 -5.2 -0.5 0.0 Table B.7 - Economic productivity based on Gross Output by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry (Gross Output/Intermediate Consumption) (Gross Output/Compensation of Employees) (Gross Output/All Input Resources 1) Productivity of Intermediate consumption (Z 1) Factor Productivity Measure employees" (FPM com of "Compensation of p. based on GO) Total Productivity Measure (TPM) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.962 2.962 2.833 2.763 2.815 2.831 4.289 4 4.18 351 4.
4.455 4.447 4.06 7 1.7 23 1.702 1.678 1.665 1.665 1.596 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Export Oriented Enterprises 1.624 1.614 1.621 1.612 1.566 1.566 5.265 5.052 4.762 4.602 4.647 4.770 1.239 1.221 1.207 1.191 1.169 1.177 Electricity, gas, steam and air condition supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities ing Construction 1.584 1.584 1.58 0 1.5 73 1.575 1.570 5.727 5.841 5.841 5.748 5.642 5.599 1.239 1.245 1.242 1.234 1.230 1.225 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of moto vehicles and motorcycles r 3.370 3.399 3.36 9 3.3 80 3.301 3.354 4.773 4.743 5.735 5.744 5.789 5.835 1.918 1.925 2.076 2.081 2.059 2.088 Transportation and storage 1.758 1.707 1.68 5 1.7 15 1.727 1.727 5.142 5.098 5.086 4.995 4.825 4.752 1.293 1.261 1.246 1.256 1.249 1.242 Accomodation and food service activities 2.592 2.564 2.50 6 2.5 25 2.537 2.537 6.368 6.284 6.332 6.384 6.413 6.495 1.816 1.781 1.773 1.782 1.775 1.810 - 5 5 - Information and communication 4.107 3.898 3.85 0 3.8 65 3.458 3.458 4.527 4.593 4.252 4.149 3.928 3.688 2.109 2.072 1.987 1.968 1.809 1.754 ia an insurance ac vities Financial and insurance activities Financ l ti d ies Real estate, renting and business activit (excl.
owner occupied dwellings) Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security .

3 452 3 452 .

3 179 3 179 3 124.

3 124 130 3 130 3.

3 181.

3 181 3 141.

3 141 6 204.

6 204 .

5 931 5 931 .089 6 089 6 5 988.

5 988 5 954.

5 954 5 980 5 980 .

.213 2 213 2 .

2 066 2 066 .

2 061 2 061 .

2 051 2 051 .

2 069 2 069 .
Education 3.368 3.479 3.25 2 3.2 70 3.281 3.339 2.067 2.010 2.016 2.028 2.040 2.024 1.280 1.273 1.244 1.252 1.257 1.259 Human health and social work activities 3.460 3.932 3.66 8 3.7 40 3.802 3.853 2.420 2.297 2.350 2.391 2.477 2.521 1.423 1.449 1.432 1.457 1.499 1.522 Arts, entertainment and recreation 5.579 5.328 5.08 2 5.1 41 5.118 5.147 6.798 6.828 6.955 6.929 6.950 6.986 2.942 2.888 2.851 2.864 2.852 2.879 Other service activities 4.640 4.345 4.41 4 4.4 69 4.466 4.460 2.271 2.293 2.327 2.282 2.311 2.310 1.495 1.473 1.498 1.485 1.494 1.492 Total Economy 2.174 2.153 2.164 2.191 2.185 2.194 4.925 4.912 4.875 4.795 4.784 4.757 1.496 1.485 1.488 1.492 1.487 1.490 1 All Input Resources= Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes Table B.8 - Economic productivity based on Value Added by industry group, 2007 - 2012 Industry Productivity of Intermediate consumption (Z ) 2 Factor Productivity Measure of "Compensation of employees" (FPM comp.
based on VA) Overall Productivity Measure (OPM) (Value Added/Intermedaite Consump 2011 2009 2010 2008 2007 tion) (Value 2012 2007 Added/Compensation 2010 2009 2008 fo Employees) 2011 2012 (Value Added/All Input Resources 1) 2011 2008 2010 2009 2007 2012 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.962 1.962 1.833 1.763 1.815 1.831 2.841 2.771 2.816 2.842 2.867 2.631 1.141 1.128 1.086 1.063 1.073 1.032 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Export Oriented Enterprises 0.624 0.614 0.621 0.612 0.566 0.566 2.023 1.922 1.824 1.746 1.680 1.725 0.476 0.465 0.462 0.452 0.423 0.426 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accomodation and food service activities 1.592 1.564 1.506 1.525 1.537 1.537 3.911 3.833 3.806 3.856 3.886 3.935 1.115 1.086 1.066 1.076 1.075 1.097 Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate, renting and business activities (excl.
owner occupied dwellings) Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education 2.368 2.479 2.252 2.270 2.281 2.339 1.453 1.432 1.396 1.408 1.418 1.418 0.900 0.907 0.862 0.869 0.874 0.882 Human health and social work activities 2.460 2.932 2.668 2.740 2.802 2.853 1.721 1.713 1.710 1.752 1.826 1.867 1.012 1.080 1.041 1.068 1.105 1.127 Arts, entertainment and recreation 4.579 4.328 4.082 4.141 4.118 4.147 5.579 5.546 5.587 5.582 5.592 5.629 2.415 2.346 2.290 2.307 2.295 2.320 Other service activities 3.640 3.345 3.414 3.469 3.466 3.460 1.781 1.765 1.800 1.771 1.793 1.792 1.173 1.134 1.159 1.153 1.160 1.157 Total Economy 1.174 1.153 1.164 1.191 1.185 1.194 2.660 2.631 2.623 2.606 2.595 2.589 0.808 0.795 0.801 0.811 0.806 0.811 1 All Input Resources= Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes - 5 6 - Table C.1 - Average monthly earnings1 in large2 establishments by industrial group, March 2009 - March 2012 Industrial group March 2009 2 March 2010 2 March 2011 2 March 2012 3 Rupees Agriculture, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Export oriented enterprises Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade;
 repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other services All Sectors 1 Earnings of daily, hourly and piece rate workers have been converted to a monthly basis 2 Revised 3 Provisional - 5 7 - 15,834 15,804 17,653 12,953 11,267 35,190 21,668 20,635 18,956 25,161 16,385 28,703 38,349 32,893 31,923 14,615 25,172 25,238 25,729 18,109 15,008 21,041 Table C.2 - Index of average monthly earnings by industry ( large establishments), March 2009 - March 2012 Indu strial group March 2009 March 2010 March 2011 March 2012 (Base: March 2009 = 100) Agriculture, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Export oriented enterprises Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory
 social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other services All Sectors - 5 8 - 124.5 142.3 107.0 134.7 127.8 114.9 104.9 124.9 114.7 126.2 123.0 120.3 125.2 120.5 114.1 125.3 114.2 112.8 109.9 120.0 112.5 124.5 Table C.3 - Inflation, real monthly earnings and labour productivity (EOE sector) 1992 - 2012 Inflation Average monthly nominal earnings Average monthly real earnings* Labour Productivity Year C.P.I.
rate E (%) arnings (Rupees) Index Gr owth rate ( % ) Index Growth rate ( % ) Index * Deflated by the Consumer Price Index 12.2 10.1 3.9 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.1 -2.8 1.4 2.6 -1.3 3.0 3.9 1.7 -2.1 -2.0 -4.9 8.9 1.7 3.9 6.2 64.8 71.5 76.8 82.6 88.2 89.3 90.6 94.4 100.0 103.5 103.0 105.3 110.8 113.4 123.6 133.1 141.5 154.7 167.4 182.4 190.2 - 5 9 - Growth rate ( % ) 7.7 10.3 7.5 7.5 6.7 1.3 1.5 4.2 5.9 3.5 -0.5 2.2 5.3 2.3 9.0 7.7 6.3 9.3 8.3 8.9 4.3 Table C.4 - Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and per worker, 2002 - 2012 Gross Domestic Product (at current basic prices) Per Capita1 Per Worker (Rupees Million) (Rupees) U.S.$ (Rupees) U.S.$ - 6 0 - 251,615 197,295 6,177 461,002 14,433 265,217 207,004 6,701 475,214 15,384 284,978 221,542 7,706 509,162 17,710 302,780 234,448 7,833 532,313 17,785 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 The per capita GDP has been calculated using mid year population Table C.5 - Exports and imports of goods and services,
 1992 - 2012 Exports of goods and services (Rs Mn) ) (a Imports of goods and GDP Market services (Rs Mn) Prices (Rs Mn) (b) ) ( c Net exports goods and services (Rs Mn) - b) (a Net exports to Exports (a - b)/a% Net exports to GDP (a - b)/c% Total Trade (Rs Mn) (a + b) Total trade as a % of GDP (a + b)/c% 31,386 50, 180 -1,627 -5.5 -3.2 61,145 121.9 29 ,759 33,543 36,249 41,205 50,465 54,194 65,711 69 ,800 74 ,786 91,369 8989,366 ,366 90,895 96,466 37,021 57,592 -3,478 -10.4 41,833 63,906 -5,584 -15.4 42,908 70,246 -1,703 51,010 79,365 -545 58,498 88,175 -4,304 66,543 100,042 73,176 74,938 109, 400 122, 410 83,043 134,392 443 84,443 84, 055 145,055 145 , 87,818 162,291 99,763 180,908 -832 -3,376 -152 8,326 4,924 4,924 3,077 -3,297 -9,947 -4.1 -1.1 -7.9 -1.3 -4.8 -0.2 9.1 5.5 5.5 3.4 -3.4 -8.8 -6.0 -8.7 -2.4 70,564 122.5 78,082 122.2 84,113 119.7 -0.7 101,475 127.9 -4.9 112,692 127.8 -0.8 132,254 132.2 -3.1 -0.1 142,976 130.7 149,723 122.3 6.2 174,412 129.8 3.4 3.4 173,809 173,809 .8 119.8 119 1.9 178,712 110.1 -1.8 196,229 108.5 - 6 1 - 112,969 122,916 191,393 -5.2 235,885 128,994 151,434 213,444 -22,440 -17.4 -10.5 280,428 141,187 163,896 243,998 -22,709 -16.1 -9.3 305,082 123.2 131.4 125.0 145 ,204 1 81,319 274, 316 -36,115 -24.9 138 ,243 1 64,655 282, 354 -26,412 -19.1 -13.2 -9.4 326,523 119.0 302,898 107.3 157,036 190,777 299,173 -33,741 -21.5 -11.3 347,813 116.3 172,564 214,328 322,709 -41,764 -24.2 -12.9 386,892 119.9 188,389 229,237 344,119 -40,848 -21.7 -11.9 417,626 121.4 Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 1 Provisional Table C.6 - Export & Import Price Indices and Terms of Trade, 2007 - 2012 Export Price Import Price (Reference Year 2007 = 100) Terms of trade (A/B) Index (A) Annual change (%) Index (B) Annual change (%) 100.0 97.2 96.7 93.7 97.2 103.9 5.3 -2.8 -0.5 -3.1 3.7 6.9 100.0 109.6 103.2 110.6 117.6 124.8 5.8 9.6 -5.8 7.2 6.3 6.1 100 89 94 85 83 83 - 6 2 - Ye ar 2007
 2008 2009 201 0 201 1 2012 Prior to 2005, terms of trade was computed using Export Unit Value Index and Import Unit Value Index.
The IPI pro vides an overall measure of pure price changes (in M auritian Rupees) of goods imported into the country.

The Export Price Index (EPI) provides an overall measure of pure price changes (in MauritianRupees) of domestically produced goods exported to other countries.
Table C.7 - Export and import of goods by the EPZ/EOE sector, 1992 - 2012 Exports s of good ) (Rs Mn (a) Imports of goods (Rs Mn) (b) Value 1 Added ) (Rs Mn ( c) Net exports of goods (Rs Mn) (a - b) Net exports to Exports (a - b)/a% Net exports to Value Added1 (a - b)/c% .3 48.3 48 50.5 46.3 46.4 43.4 44.4 42.5 51.8 44.7 37.3 42.4 - 6 3 - 119.2 114.0 100.9 104.9 108.8 99.9 94.2 116.4 118.7 123.2 .2 121.2 121 121.3 112.2 103.3 97.2 95.7 84.8 108.5 108.5 90.5 104.0 Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 1 Provisional Table C.8 - Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group, 2009 - 2012 SITC GROUP 841 : Men's or boys coats, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics not knitted or crocheted.
Country United Kingdom France USA Germany Italy Total Imports (000 US $) 3,373,583 3,322,702 11,402,232 5,765,161 3,008,737 2009 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 21,100 13,945 73,985 7,386 5,825 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 Total Imports (000 US $) 3,462,009 3,259,375 12,915,271 6,104,257 3,164,074 2010 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 11,589 11,024 95,049 6,899 4,456 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 Total Imports (000 US $) 4,116,931 3,717,293 14,400,655 7,702,323 3,626,547 2011 1 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 11,295 13,567 124,665 3,050 1,097 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 Total Imports (000 US $) 4,002,384 3,441,707 14,329,373 6,738,208 3,094,969 2 2012 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) 6,808 9,821 130,263 3,132 921 Market share 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 SITC GROUP 842 : Women's and girls', coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, skirts, shirts, underwear, ted kni and sim fabri xtile chet cs n ot k cles twe cro ed.
r a ar or nit of ila rti te Country United Kingdom France France USA Germany Italy Total Imports (000 US $) 5,295,358 4, 4 795 360 795 , 360 14,728,612 6,710,151 2,964,123 2009 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 830 8 887 , 8 887 21,928 2,739 6,530 0.0 0 2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 T l ota Imports (000 US $) 5,407,550 4, 4 703 891 703, 891 15,747,600 6,780,261 3,011,660 of 2010 wh ich f Mauritius (000 US $) rom Market share 235 9, 9 232 232 23,676 2,919 2,520 0.0 0 20.
2 0.2 0.0 0.1 al Tot Imports (000 US $) 6,155,705 5, 5 156 496 156 496, 16,040,970 8,148,675 3,398,902 1 2011 of wh rom ich f Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 801 9, 9 072 072 18,220 2,713 1,640 0.0 0 20.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 Total Imports (000 US $) 5,79 7,7 22 , 4 635 057 4 635 057 , 15,814,371 7,150,270 2,893,645 2 2012 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share - 6 4 - 1,898 3 338 , 3 338 10,184 2,763 947 0.0 0 0 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 SITC GROUP 843 : Men's or boys coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shorts, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics knitted or crocheted.
Country United Kingdom France USA Germany Ital y 1 Revised Total Imports (000 US $) 1,062,367 840,345 4,577,562 1,027,365 840,286 2009 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 13,472 16,602 661 977 5,609 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 Total Imports (000 US $) 1,220,928 51, 001 5,342,796 1,120,974 908,673 8 2010 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) et M ark share 16,587 11,049 2,170 603 4,626 1.4 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 Total Imports (000 US $) 1,443,141 1, ,930 5,992,697 1,461,770 1,105,915 054 1 2011 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share 13,488 9,715 2,265 258 3,507 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 Total Imports (000 US $) 1,464,252 981,453 5,613,849 1,271,635 920,153 2 2012 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) 15,689 8,012 3,260 144 3,145 Market share 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.3 2 Provisional Source : Comtrade.un.org and Statistics Mauritius estimates Table C.8 (cont'd) - Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group , 2009 - 2012 SITC GROUP 844 : Women's and girls' coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shorts, shirts.
underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics knitted or crocheted.
2009 2010 2011 1 Country Total Imports (000 US $) of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share Total Imports (000 US $) of w hich from M auritius ( 000 US $) Market share Total Imports ) (000 US $ of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 2012 2 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share United Kingdom 2,085,939 19,170 France USA Germany 3,064,479 1,277 0.0 3,484,766 280 0.0 4,081,070 678 0.0 3,556,809 574 0.0 Italy 1,227,043 1,826 0.1 1,320,979 1,744 0.1 1,530,555 1,022 0.1 1,377,889 1,015 0.1 - 6 5 - SITC GROUP 845 : Articles of apparel of textile fabrics, whether or not knitted or crocheted, n.e.s.
2009 2010 2011 1 Country Total Imports (000 US $) of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Mark et e shar Total Imports (000 US $) of w hich from M auritius ( 000 US $) Market share Total Imports ) (000 US $ of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 2012 2 of which from Mauritius (000 US $) Market share United Kingdom 7,732,828 194,926 2.5 8,044,046 190,043 2.4 8,747,80 3 181,429 2.1 8,256,838 154,987 1.9 France USA 7,586,285 99,580 1.3 7,971,087 97,892 1.2 8,929,93 5 90,158 1.0 7,925,493 82,341 1.0 25,169,270 3,914 0.0 28,711,793 9,659 0.0 31,020,317 11,088 0.0 30,257,721 9,152 0.0 Germa ny 10,479,697 14,317 0.1 11,014,642 10,007 0.1 13,007,510 9,252 0.1 11,181,912 4,769 0.0 5,705,549 Italy 1 Revised Source : Comtrade.un.org and Statistics Mauritius estimates 8,988 0.2 5,801,312 5,608 0.1 6,562,730 2 Provisional 4,663 0.1 5,552,053 2,604 0.0 Table C.9 - Budgetary Central Government Debt and Gross/Net International Reserves, 1992 - 2012 (June) Year 1992 1993 1994 1 995 1996* 1997* 1 998* 1999* 2000* 2 001* 2002* 2003 2004 2005 2 006 2007 2 008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Budgetary Central Government Debt (Rs Mn) GDP at market prices Budgetary Central Government Debt as % of GDP Government Deficit (Rs Mn) Government Deficit as % of GDP Gross/Net International Reserves No.
of weeks of imports Amount (Rs Mn) - 6 6 - 31 27 23 19 22 27 25 24 24 29 35 39 34 30 30 37 33 44 40 41 20 * From 1996-2002, Government deficit excludes loan to National Infrastructure Development Fund (NIDF) and Privatisation Fund Data for Budgetary Central Government Debt and Government Deficit are as at end of June up to 2009.
As from 2010 data are on ca 1 1992 to 2011 data refers to "Net International Reserves" while 2012 data refers to "Gross International Reserves" - Source: Ba nk of Mauritius lendar year basis Table D.1 - ICT access as at end of year, 2008 - 2012 D. INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY RELATED INDICATORS ICT access 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1.

Fixed telephone lines ('000) 2.

Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants 363.5 28.6 375.2 29.4 387.7 30.2 374.6 29.1 349.1 27.0 3.
Mobile cellular subscriptions ('000) 1,033.3 1,086.7 1,190.9 1,294.1 1,485.8 969.8 1,013.0 1,099.2 1,191.9 1,339.2 of which pre-paid postpaid 4.

Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 5.

Mobile cellular tariffs for 100 minutes of use during a month as a percentage of GNI per capita 6.

Percentage of population covered by mobile telephony 7.

8.

Internet subscriptions ('000) of which fixed 1 mobile mobile Internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants of which fixed 1 mobile 9.
Broadband internet subscriptions ('000) 2 of which fixed 1 mobile 10.
Broadband internet 2 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants of which fixed 1 mobile 63.5 81.2 1.8 99.0 199.5 94.7 101044.8 .8 15.7 7.4 8.2 157.3 52.5 73.7 85.0 1.8 99.0 91.7 92.8 1.6 99.0 102.2 100.4 146.6 114.9 1.5 99.0 1.4 99.0 284.0 284.2 370.0 568.9 - 6 7 - 105.0 179.0 179 .0 22.2 8.2 14.0 251.8 72.8 106.7 171777.5 .5 22.1 8.3 13.8 258.5 81.0 104.8 179.0 177.5 12.4 4.1 8.2 19.7 5.7 14.0 20.1 6.3 13.8 133.2 .8 236.8 236 28.7 10.3 18.4 149.4 419.5 .5 419 44.0 11.5 32.4 279.8 423.4 118.2 161.6 21.7 9.2 12.5 141.0 282.4 32.7 10.9 21.8 Source: Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) 1 includes wireless 2 broadband Internet refers to connection to the internet at a speed equal to or greater than 128 kbps, as the sum of capacity in both directions Table D.2 - Selected telephone and internet tariffs¹ as at end of year, 2008 - 2012 Telephone and internet 2008 2009 2010 2011 Rupees 2012 - 68 - 1.
Fixed telephone Local call Peak Off-peak Residential monthly line rental Business monthly line rental 2.
Mobile Cellular telephone On same network Rs 0.85 for first minute and Rs 0.01 per second thereafter Rs 0.60 for first minute and Rs 0.01 per second thereafter 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 2 cents per second Rs 1.20 per minute To a different network 6.5 cents per second Rs 3.60 per minute To a fixed telephone 7.25 cents per second Rs 3.48 per minute 3. l Direct rnationa Inte per minute call from fixed telephone to: Dialling Australia China France Germany Hong Kong India India Japan Madagascar Malaysia New Zealand Reunion Island Singapore South Africa UK&North Ireland USA 4.
Internet - 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak 10.
50 10.50 10.50 10.

50 8.70 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 9.30 3.00 9.30 9.30 9.30 4.40 4.40 9.

30 9.30 9.30 9.
al use Dial up per minute (Peak time) Dial up per minute ( ) Off-Peak time ADSL 512 kbps (per month) esidenti R Business use ADSL 1 mbps (per month) R esidenti Business use Internet access tariff for 20 hours of use per month as percentage of GNI per cap al use ita Source: Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) 1 main service provider Table D.3 - Electricity Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2010 - 2013 Commercial Tariff Running Charge per kWh Demand Charge per kVA Minimum Charge Tariff 1 2010 3 2011 4 & 2012 4 2010 3 2011 4 & 2012 4 215 Rs 9.10 Rs 10.01 - - 2010 3 th or part th eof of total inimum of R ereof per connected s 178.00 Rs 178.00 per mon fraction ther kW or load, s ubject to a m p er month 217 Rs 5.58 Rs 6.14 Rs 186.00 per kVA of mum Dema Maxi in.
of 20 kV to a m A nd, subject Rs 186.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, sub to a min.
of 20 kVA of account A sum ject paid in any one of equal to the highest Demand charge the preceding 6 months 1 Tariff: 215 - Flat Rate 217 - Maximum Tariff for C Demand T ommercial C ariff for Co onsumers mmercial and Bulk Consumers Industrial Tariff 2011 4, 2012 4 & 2013 4 Rs 196.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, subject to a minimum of Rs 196.00 per month A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account - 6 9 - Running Ch arge per kW h Demand Cha rge per kVA Minimum Charge Tariff 2 2010 3 2011 4 & 2012 4 2010 3 2011 4 & 2012 4 2010 3 2011 4, 2012 4 & 2013 4 313 Rs 2.84 Rs 3.12 4.00 per kV Rs 14 Maxi mum Dema to a min.
of 20 KVA A of nd, subject Rs 144.00 p Maximum D to a min.

of 20 KVA er kVA of emand, subject 315 Rs 4.91 Rs 5.40 - - and charge g 6 months highest Dem the precedin equal to the any one of unt .00 per month or part thereof per connected fraction ther 3.00 per ubject to a m eof of total in.
of Rs 10 A sum paid in of acco Rs 103 kW or load, s month 317 Rs 2.60 1st 250,000 kWh Rs 2.28 all additional kWh 2 Tariff: 313 - Maximum Rs 2.86 1st 250,000 kWh Rs 2.51 all additional k demand Ta Rs 14 Maxi to a m Wh riff for Indu 4.00 per kV mum Dema in.

of 20 kV strial Consu A mers A of nd, subject Rs 144.00 p Maximum D to a min.
of 20 kVA er kVA of emand, subject 315 - Flat Rate Tariff for Industrial Consumers 317 - Maximum demand Tariff for Industrial Consumers possessing an export enterprise certificate Source: Central Electricity Board and charge g 6 months equal to the any one of highest Dem the precedin A sum paid in of account 3 Effective as from 4 Effective as from 01 December 2010 01 April 2008 A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account Rs 113.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, h subject to a min.
of Rs 113.00 per mont A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account Table D.4 - Water Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2000, 2010 - 2013 - 70 - Tariff First 17 cubic metres First 25 cubic metres First 100 cubic metres Next 150 cubic metres All additional cubic metres Minimum charge per month Ground water per cubic metre For producing drinks For Agricultural & Domestic purposes Othe r Rupees Commercial consumers Industrial consumers 1 2000 na na 11.00 14.00 18.0 0 2010 & 2011 2 na na 12.50 16.00 21.00 2012 & 2013 2 391.00 na na na 23.0 0 2000 1 na na 9.50 11.00 14.00 2010 & 2011 2 2012 & 2013 2 na na 10.00 12.00 16.0 0 na 450.00 na na 18.00 187.00 212.50 391.00 237.50 250.00 450.00 na na na na na na na na na na na na 2.73 5.50 na na na na na na 10.00 0.70 7.70 1 Effective as from 01 February 2000 na: Not applicable Source: Central Water Authority 2 3 Effective as from 01 August 2002 Effective as from 01 January 2012 Ta ble D.5 - R oad netw ork, 2008 - 2012 Length of roads (km) Motorw ays M ain roads Secondary roads Ot her roads Tota l Number of vehicles per km of road Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 1 2012 1 Provisional Table D.6 - Monthly rent of industrial building per square foot, 2011 - 2012 - 71 - Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Source: Development Bank of Mauritius 2011 72.00 50.00 42.00 Rupees 2012 72.00 50.00 42.00 Table D.7 - Export rates of textile products from SSR International Airport to selected Airports, 2011 - 2012 Rupees De stination Minimum 100 kg < 500kg 500kg < 1000kg 1000kg or more 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 London Paris Munich Zurich 1,070.00 1,070.00 67.55 67.55 52.45 52.45 44.60 44.60 1,070.00 1,070.00 67.55 67.55 52.45 52.45 44.60 44.60 1,130.00 1,130.00 71.00 71.00 52.45 52.45 44.60 44.60 1,070 .00 1,07 0.00 67.55 67.55 5 2.45 2.45 5 44 .60 44.
60 Note: Except for the minimum charge, all rates are per kilo or 6000 c.c, which ever is higher Source: Air Mauritius - Cargo Department l Table D.8 - Import rates of textile products from selected Airports to SSR International T f t t SSR t d Ai d t I t f t til bl ti t l t D 8 I 2011 - 2012 Port of embarcation Currency Hong Kong Jakarta Johanesburg Ku ala Lumpur Mumbai Singapore Tokyo via Hong Kong HKD US D USD US D INR SGD JPY Minimum 100 kg < 500kg 500kg < 1000kg Rupees 1000kg or more .80 1.25 2.90 3.
55 1.15 2.80 3.
55 1.15 2.80 2,100.00 2,100.00 155.00 155.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 66.00 66.00 5.20 5.20 4.35 4.35 4.25 4.25 12,100.00 12,100.00 583.00 555.00 539.00 511.00 517.00 488.00 Note: Except for the minimum charge, all rates are per kilo or 6000 c.c, which ever is higher Source: Air Mauritius - Cargo Department D.9 - Selected port performance statistics, 2007 - 2012 Containers Traffic: Imports Exports Captive Containers Transhipment Containers Cargo traffic Imports Exports Dry Bulk Cargo Imports Exports Liquid Bulk Cargo Imports Exports Containerised Cargo Imports Imports Exports Transhipment (inwards) Annual container handling capacity Average container vessel dwell time Average container vessel pre -berthing w aiting tim e Average container vessel ber th producti vity Average gross container cran e productiv ity Average container vessel stay at berth Average general cargo vesse l stay at be rth Average general cargo vesse l pre-berthi ng waiting time Unit TEU1 TEU TEU TEU TEU Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Average general cargo vesse l berth prod uctivity Tonnes/hour Average dry bulk vessel stay at berth Average dry bulk vessel pre-berthing waiting time 1 TEU: Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit Hours Hours ,033 206 ,061 94 ,972 193 ,980 107 ,053 5,871 ,440 4,761 ,269 1,110 ,171 1,779 ,351 1,512 ,100 267 ,251 1,452 ,452 1,104 ,328 348 ,124 259,163
339,659 2012 417,467 289,322 128,145 259,163 158,304 7,075,186 5,932,906 1,142,280 1,807,223 1,807,223 0 1,621,165 1,216,554 404,611 2,741,046 2,7 98,271 2,474 ,098 2,717,487 2,982,918 3,444,006 , 1 103 949 , 1 103 949 , 1 202 353 202 353 1, , 1 122 266 266 , 1 122 , 1 185 053 , 1 185 053 , 1 230 415 , 1 230 415 , 1 290 304 , 1 290 304 - 7 2 - 532,681 5 01,016 1,104,416 1,0 94,902 TEU/year 700,000 7 00,000 70.9 33.9 17.7 14.4 33.0 72.5 12.2 33.2 79.2 13.1 48.2 5.7 24.4 14.9 30.0 38.2 2.9 24.7 77.3 14.9 487 ,730 864 ,102 700 ,000 Source: Mauritius Ports Authority 30.5 2.6 31.4 18.0 23.0 78.7 11.5 40.4 132.0 11.4 E. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS Table E.1 - Exchange Rates - National currency units per U.S Dollar, 2002 - 2012 Country Currency 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (France, Germany, Portugal, etc.)
Euro 0.95 1.13 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.37 1.47 1.39 1.33 1.39 1.29 United Kingdom Pound 1.50 1.63 1.83 1.82 1.84 2.00 1.85 1.57 1.55 1.60 1.59 Australia Dollar 1.84 0.65 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.84 0.85 0.79 0.92 1.03 1.04 Hong Kong (S.A.R) 1 Dollar 7.80 7.79 7.79 7.78 7.77 7.80 7.79 7.75 7.77 7.78 7.76 - 7 3 - Japan Korea Korea Mexico Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Yen 125.22 115.94 108.15 110.11 116.31 117.76 103.39 93.68 87.78 79.70 79.82 Won Won 1,250.31 1,192.08 1,145.24 1,023.75 1,250.31 1,192.08 1,145.24 1,023.75 954.32 954.32 928.97 1,098.71 1,274.63 1,155.74 1,106.94 1,126.16 928.97 1,098.71 1,126.16 1,274.63 1,106.94 1,155.74 Peso 9.66 10.79 11.29 10.89 10.91 10.93 11.14 13.50 12.62 12.43 13.15 Dollar 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59 1.51 1.41 1.45 1.36 1.26 1.25 Rupee 95.77 96.54 101.27 100.38 103.94 110.62 108.30 114.91 113.00 110.47 127.54 Dollar 34.54 34.41 33.37 32.13 32.51 32.85 31.52 33.02 31.50 29.38 29.56 Mauritius* Rupee 29.96 28.38 27.75 29.23 31.15 31.37 28.36 31.94 30.89 28.75 29.93 1 Special Administrative Region of China Source: The Federal Reserve Board * Average buying and selling rates Table E.2 - Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency, 2002 - 2011 Country Currency 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 France Germany Portugal Euro Euro Euro United Kingdom Pound 14.71 15.30 15.55 16.33 16.94 17.60 18.44 18.82 18.84 19.18 Australia Japan Dollar Yen 32.05 34.72 36.33 37.44 38.72 39.77 42.06 42.15 43.12 44.80 2,690.19 2,714.45 2,732.94 2,780.60 2,794.96 2,793.10 2,840.73 2,812.92 2,787.43 2,846.02 - 7 4 - Korea, Republic of Won 12,811.76 13,501.28 14,468.53 15,182.83 16,573.22 18,054.50 18,509.06 19,192.54 20,492.46 20,933.61 Mexico Singapore Taiwan United States Mauritius Peso Dollar Dollar Dollar Rupee 54.03 57.29 59.34 61.15 64.09 67.43 72.13 76.93 77.52 80.57 54.03 57.29 59.34 61.15 64.09 67.43 72.13 76.93
Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S Department of Labour (Revised series) and Statistics Mauritius estimates Table E.3 - Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2002 - 2011 Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 France Germany Portugal United Kingdom 22.10 25.01 28.50 29.72 31.23 35.23 34.20 29.47 29.11 30.77 Australia Japan 17.42 22.65 26.75 28.55 29.17 33.37 35.91 33.42 39.67 46.29 21.48 23.41 25.27 25.25 24.03 23.72 27.48 30.03 31.75 35.71 - 7 5 - Korea, Republic of Korea, Republic of 10.25 10.25 11.33 11.33 12.63 12.63 14.83 14.83 17.37 17.37 19.43 19.43 16.85 16.85 15.06 15.06 17.73 17.73 18.91 18.91 Mexico Singapore Taiwan United States 27.36 28.57 29.31 30.14 30.48 32.07 32.78 34.19 34.81 35.53 Mauritius* 1.21 1.43 1.53 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.79 1.78 1.99 2.19 Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S Department of Labour (Revised series) and Statistics Mauritius estimates * Based on average of buying and selling rates Table E.4 - Hourly labour cost index in U.S Dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2011 Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 France Germany Portugal United Kingdom 106.9 121.0 137.9 143.8 151.1 170.4 165.5 142.6 140.8 148.8 Australia Japan 105.9 137.7 162.6 173.6 177.3 202.9 218.3
 203.1 241.2 281.4 85.9 93.6 101.0 100.9 96.0 94.8 109.8 120.0 126.9 142.7 - 7 6 - Korea, Republic of Korea, Republic of 106.5 106.5 117.7 117.7 131.3 131.3 154.2 154.2 180.5 180.5 202.0 202.0 175.1 175.1 156.5 156.5 184.3 184.3 196.6 196.6 Mexico Singapore Taiwan United States Mauritius* Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S Department of Labour (Revised series) and Statistics Mauritius estimates * Based on average of buying and selling rates Table E.5 - MAURITIUS: Exchange rate movements* (value of foreign currency), 2001 - 2012 Mauritian rupees Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Australian Dollar 14.94 16.19 18.35 20.25 22.36 23.73 26.36 24.08 25.33 28.47 29.74 31.09 British Pound 41.92 45.06 46.35 50.97 53.14 57.83 62.86 52.73 50.07 47.72 46.09 47.44 Indian Rupee 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.67 0.70 0.76 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.62 0.56 Japanese Yen(100) 23.67 23.69 24.21 25.35 26.57 27.01 26.90 27.65 34.40 35.41 36.25 37.70 South Africa Rand 3.41 2.86 3.78 4.35 4.68 4.74 4.50 3.48 3.85 4.25 4.01 3.68 - 7 7 - Singapore Dollar 16.17 16.68 16.24 16.38 17.75 19.87 21.07 20.19 22.09 22.77 22.97 24.07 Swiss Franc 17.17 19.21 20.96 22.23 23.50 25.01 26.17 26.28 29.52 29.65 32.45 31.91 US Dollar 29.07 29.96 28.38 27.75 29.23 31.15 31.37 28.36 31.94 30.89 28.75 29.93 EURO 25.76 28.01 31.69 34.10 36.29 39.51 42.92 41.61 44.52 40.95 39.99 38.49 *Average buying and selling rates Table E.6 - Index of Mauritian rupee relative to foreign currency, 2001 - 2012 (Base 2000=100) Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Australian Dollar 98.6 106.9 121.1 133.7 147.6 156.6 174.0 158.9 167.2 187.9 196.3 205.2 British Pound 105.3 113.2 116.4
 128.0 133.5 145.3 157.9 132.5 125.8 119.9 115.8 119.2 Indian Rupee 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 113.6 118.6 128.8 111.9 113.6 115.3 105.1 94.9 Japanese Yen(100) 98.2 98.3 100.4 105.1 110.2 112.0 111.6 114.7 142.7 146.9 150.4 156.4 - 7 8 - South Africa Rand South Africa Rand Singapore Dollar 106.3 109.7 106.8 107.7 116.7 130.6 138.5 132.7 145.2 149.7 151.0 158.3 Swiss Franc 110.8 123.9 135.2 143.4 151.6 161.4 168.8 169.5 190.5 191.3 209.4 205.9 US Dollar 110.7 114.1 108.1 105.7 111.3 118.6 119.5 108.0 121.6 117.6 109.5 114.0 EURO 107.3 116.7 132.0 142.1 151.2 164.6 178.8 173.4 185.5 170.6 166.6 160.4 Table E.7 - Annual change* in the value of foreign currency relative to Mauritian rupee, 2002 - 2012 Percentage Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Australian Dollar -7.7 -11.8 -9.4 -9.4 -5.8 -10.0 9.5 -4.9 -11.0 -4.3 -4.3 British Pound -7.0 -2.8 -9.1 -4.1 -8.1 -8.0 19.2 5.3 4.9 Indian Rupee 0.0 0.0 0.0 -7.5 -4.3 -7.9 15.2 -1.5 -1.5 3.5 9.7 -2.8 10.7 Japanese Yen(100) -0.1 -2.1 -4.5 -4.6 -1.6 South Africa Rand 19.2 -24.3 -13.1 -7.1 -1.3 0.4 5.3 -2.7 -19.6 -2.9 -2.3 -3.8 29.3 -9.6 -9.4 6.0 9.0 - 7 9 - Singapore Dollar -3.1 2.7 -0.9 -7.7 -10.7 -5.7 4.4 -8.6 -3.0 -0.9 -4.6 Swiss Franc S i F -10.6 10 6 -8.3 8 3 -5.7 5 7 -5.4 5 4 -6.0 6 0 -4.4 4 4 -0.4 0 4 -11.0 11 0 -0.4 0 4 -8.6 8 6 1.7 1 7 US Dollar EURO -3.0 5.6 2.3 -5.1 -6.2 -0.7 10.6 -11.2 -8.0 -11.6 -7.1 -6.0 -8.1 -7.9 3.1 -6.5 3.4 8.7 7.4 2.4 -3.9 3.9 *+ appreciation of MUR vis a vis currency *- depreciation of MUR vis a vis currency