Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694843950935.pdf (Mauritius)
Productivity and Competitiveness Indicators (2003 – 2013) 1.

Introduction This issue of the Economic and Social Indicators presents Productivity and Competitiveness Indicators for the years 2003 to 2013 for the total economy, the manufacturing sector and Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE).

Tables 1.1 to 1.4 present the various indices for the total economy, tables 2.1 to 2.5 for the manufacturing sector and tables 3.1 to 3.6 for the EOE and its sub-sectors (textile and non-textile).
A description of concepts and definitions used is given on pages 10 and 11.

2.

Revised estimates It is to be noted that use of the revised population figures according to the 2011 Population Census results has impacted on the level of the labour input and consequently on productivity indices published in this issue.

3.

Indicators for the total economy Table A below presents the growth rates of productivity, unit labour cost and other competitiveness related indicators for the total economy.
Table A: Productivity and competitiveness indicators for the total economy Indicator Annual Average 2003 - 2013 2007 - 2013 2012 2013 Growth rate (%) Output (GDP at basic prices) GDP at market prices GDP per capita (market prices) Labour input Capital input Capital - Output ratio Capital - Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity 4.1 3.9 3.5 1.2 4.9 0.7 3.7 2.9 3.8 3.8 3.5 1.5 4.8 0.9 3.2 2.3 -0.7 -0.9 10 Multifactor productivity 11 Average compensation of employees 12 Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) 13 Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) 0.7 7.3 4.2 3.4 0.3 6.5 4.2 4.6 3.4 3.2 2.9 1.3 4.3 0.9 3.0 2.1 -0.9 0.1 4.9 2.7 -1.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.7 0.4 0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.0 7.8 7.6 5.1 3.1 Output (Gross Domestic Product) 2 Output, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the total value of goods and services produced within a country.
From 2003 to 2013, GDP at basic prices, in real terms, grew on average by 4.1% per annum.

The growth rate for 2013 was 3.2%, lower than the growth of 3.4% registered in 2012.

The GDP per capita at market prices is an indicator of the standard of living of the population.

With an annual growth of 0.4% in the population and 3.9% in GDP at market prices, GDP per capita grew by 3.5% per annum during the period 2003 to 2013.
3.2 Labour and capital inputs During the period 2003 to 2013, whilst real GDP at basic prices increased by an average of 4.1% per annum, capital input grew by 4.9% compared to a growth of 1.2% for labour input.

The capital - labour ratio is defined as the ratio of the stock of fixed capital to labour input.

If the ratio increases, capital deepening takes place whilst, when it declines, capital widening occurs.
Thus, during the period under review, capital deepening took place as the capital - labour ratio increased by 3.7%.

Annual growth rates of output and inputs for the years 2003 to 2013 are given in table 1.1.

3.3 Productivity trends Figure 1: Trends in productivity indices – Total economy, 2003 to 2013 3.3.1 Labour productivity Labour productivity is defined as real GDP per worker.
From the above figure, it is observed that the index of labour productivity, improved from 85.8 in 2003 to 114.5 in 2013, giving an average annual growth of 2.9%.

In 2013, labour productivity grew at a lower rate of 0.2% compared to 2.1% in 2012 (Table 1.2).

This was the result of a lower GDP growth of 3.2% coupled with a growth of 3.0% in labour input in 2013.

In 2012, GDP grew by 3.4 % and labour input by 1.3%.

3.3.2 Capital productivity Capital productivity is defined as real GDP per unit of capital.
During the period 2003 to 2013, the index of capital productivity declined at an average annual rate of 0.7% from 101.9 in 2003 to 94.6 in 2013.

Capital productivity witnessed declines for five consecutive years as from 2009 with a drop of 0.4% observed in 2013 (Table 1.2).

The 0.4% fall in 2013 was explained by a higher growth in capital input (3.7%) compared to GDP (3.2%).

3 3.3.3 Multifactor productivity (MFP) The MFP index shows the rate of change in “productive efficiency”.
In addition to labour and capital inputs, it takes into account qualitative factors such as better management and improved quality of inputs through training and technology.

A growth of 0.7% has been observed in the average annual change in MFP during the period 2003 to 2013.

No growth in MFP was registered in 2013 compared to an increase of 0.1% recorded in 2012 (Table 1.2).

3.4 Growth accounting The contribution of different factors to economic growth is determined by the growth accounting technique.
Between 2003 and 2013, the contribution of labour to the 4.1% average annual growth in GDP worked out to 10.6% and that of capital to 74.4%.

The remaining 15.0% represents the contribution of “Total Factor Productivity” (TFP), which includes qualitative factors such as training, management and technology.

Figure 2: Contribution of labour, capital and TFP to GDP growth, 2003 to 2013 3.5 Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Unit labour cost measures the remuneration of labour per unit of output.
It is affected by changes in both average compensation of employees and labour productivity.

During the period 2003 to 2013, average annual compensation of employees increased by 7.3% whilst labour productivity grew by 2.9%.

The higher growth in average annual compensation of employees compared to that of labour productivity resulted in an average annual growth of 4.2% in ULC.

In 2013, ULC increased by 7.6% compared to a 2.7% growth in 2012 (Table 1.3).
To compare changes in competitiveness across economies, the impact of exchange rate fluctuations has to be taken into account.

When a national currency appreciates against the US Dollar, more dollars are paid in exchange for each national currency unit.

On the other hand, when a national currency depreciates against the US Dollar, fewer dollars are paid in exchange for each national currency unit.

Between 2003 and 2013, ULC in Mauritian Rupees grew annually at an average rate of 4.2%.
In Dollar terms, ULC increased by 3.4% as a result of an average annual depreciation of 0.8% of the Mauritian Rupee vis-à-vis the US Dollar.

In 2013, ULC in Dollar terms increased by 5.1% after recording a decline of 1.3% in 2012 (Table 1.4).

Figure 3: Trends in Unit Labour Cost - Total economy, 2003 to 2013 4 4.

Indicators for the Manufacturing sector Indices for the manufacturing sector have been compiled based on NSIC Rev.

2 as from 2007 only.


Table B below summarises the main indicators for the Manufacturing sector for the period 2007 – 2013.
Table B: Productivity and competitiveness indicators for the Manufacturing sector Indicator Annual average 2007 - 2013 2012 2013 Growth rate (%) Output (Value added at constant prices) Labour input Capital input Capital - Output ratio Capital - Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Average compensation of employees 10 Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) 11 Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) 2.5 -0.8 -1.7 -4.1 -0.9 3.3 4.2 3.7 6.7 3.3 3.7 2.2 0.0 -2.7 -4.8 -2.6 2.2 5.0 3.4 5.1 2.8 -1.2 4.5 3.3 -2.7 -6.9 -5.8 1.2 7.4 3.5 0.8 -0.4 -2.7 4.1 Output and inputs 5 Between 2007 and 2013, real output in the manufacturing sector grew on average by 2.5% annually.
In 2013, the sector witnessed a growth of 4.5%, higher than the 2.2% growth registered in 2012.

For the period 2007 to 2013, labour input declined by 0.8% annually and capital input by an average annual rate of 1.7%.

In 2013, labour input increased by 3.3% while capital input declined by 2.7% compared to no change in labour input and contraction of 2.7% in capital input in 2012 (Table 2.1).
4.2 Productivity trends Figure 4: Trends in productivity indices – Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2013 During the period 2007 to 2013, labour productivity in the manufacturing sector registered an average annual growth of 3.3% and capital productivity increased by an average of 4.2% annually.

This was the result of growth of 2.5% in real output and declines of 1.7% and 0.8% in capital input and labour input respectively.
During the same period, multifactor productivity increased by an average of 3.7% per annum (Table 2.2).

In 2013, labour productivity in manufacturing grew by 1.2%, lower than the 2.2% growth in 2012.

Capital and multifactor productivity witnessed increases of 7.4% and 3.5% respectively in 2013 compared to increases of 5.0% and 3.4% in 2012.

4.3 Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Figure 5 shows the trend of the ULC index in the manufacturing sector for the period 2007 to 2013.
During that period, ULC grew at an average annual rate of 3.3% due to a higher growth in average compensation of employees (6.7%) compared to labour productivity (3.3%).

In Dollar terms, ULC increased at an average annual rate of 3.7% due to an average annual appreciation of 0.4% in the exchange rate of the local currency against the Dollar.

In 2013, ULC for the manufacturing sector decreased by 0.4% compared to an increase of 2.8% in 2012.
In Dollar terms, in 2013, ULC decreased by 2.7% after a decline of 1.2% in 2012 (Table 2.4).

Figure 5: Trends in Unit Labour Cost – Manufacturing sector, 2007 to 2013 6 4.4 International comparison of Unit Labour Cost in Manufacturing – 2012 An international comparison of growth in ULC in the manufacturing sector for the year 2012, in national currency and in US Dollar is given in table C and figure 6.
Table C: Manufacturing Unit Labour Cost of selected countries, 2012 Country National currency US $ USA -1.8 -1.8 France Germany 3.4 -4.5 4.5 -3.4 Italy 4.0 -3.9 UK Mauritius 6.6 5.1 2.8 -1.2 Taiwan 1.0 0.4 Korea 3.1 1.5 Figure 6: International comparison of ULC in Manufacturing – Growth rate (%), 2012 Source: The Conference Board and Statistics Mauritius estimates 7 It is observed that, in 2012, ULC in the manufacturing sector, expressed in national currency, increased in all countries except USA.
Mauritius recorded an increase of 2.8%.

In the same year, ULC in US Dollar showed decreases in most countries except UK, Taiwan and Korea where lower increases are observed when compared to changes in national currency, explained by depreciation of all currencies under review against the US Dollar.

Mauritius witnessed a decrease of 1.2%.

4.5 International comparison of Hourly Labour Cost (HLC) The HLC is another indicator of international competitiveness.
Table 2.5 compares the evolution of HLC in the Mauritian manufacturing sector with available hourly labour cost for some other countries.

From 2002 to 2011, it is observed that Germany has been the country with the most expensive HLC.

However in 2012 with the HLC for Germany showing a decrease, it became the second country with most expensive HLC behind Australia.

In 2011, the HLC for Mauritius stood at 2.19 US Dollar and is estimated at 2.55 US Dollar for 2012.

5.
5.

Indicators for Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE) Table D below shows the main indicators for the Export Oriented Enterprises for the period 2007 – 2013.
Table D: Productivity and competitiveness indicators for Export Oriented Enterprises Indicator Output (Value added at constant prices) Labour input Capital input Capital – Output ratio Capital – Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Average compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) 11 Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) Growth rate (%) Annual average 2007 - 2013 2012 2013 2.1 -3.5 -5.7 -7.6 -2.3 5.8 8.3 6.8 8.1 2.2 2.6 1.4 -2.3 -7.4 -8.7 -5.2 3.8 9.5 6.2 5.8 1.9 -2.1 -2.3 -0.9 -0.4 2.0 0.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.4 3.4 4.9 2.4 5.1 Output and inputs 8 In 2013, the share of Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE) in the economy was 6.2%.
The contribution of the textile and non-textile subsectors in the total output of the EOE sector was 69.4% and 30.6% respectively.

During the period 2007 to 2013, real output of the EOE sector increased at an average annual rate of 2.1%.

Within the sector, the real output of non textile establishments grew by 5.0% while that of textile establishments increased by 1.0%.

During the same period, labour and capital input of the EOE sector registered average annual decreases of 3.5% and 5.7% respectively.
In 2013, labour input in the EOE sector declined further by 0.9% after a fall of 2.3% in 2012.

Likewise, capital input fell by 0.4% in 2013 after a decline of 7.4% in 2012 (Table 3.3).

5.2 Productivity trends Figure 7: Trends in productivity indices – Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 to 2013 Figure 7 shows the trends in the labour, capital and multifactor productivity indices of export oriented enterprises for the years 2007 to 2013.
Both labour and capital productivity registered average annual growths of 5.8% and 8.3 % respectively.

This is explained by an average annual increase of 2.1% in real output coupled with decreases of 3.5 % in labour input and 5.7% in capital input during the period under review.

Multifactor productivity grew at an average annual rate of 6.8% (Table 3.4).

In 2013, labour productivity in EOE declined by 1.4% compared to a growth of 3.8% in 2012.
Capital and multifactor productivity witnessed decreases of 1.9% and 1.4% respectively in 2013 after the increases of 9.5% and 6.2 in 2012.

5.3 Unit Labour Cost (ULC) 9 Figure 8: Trends in Unit Labour Cost – Export Oriented Enterprises, 2007 to 2013 Between 2007 and 2013, average compensation of employees in the EOE sector increased by an average annual rate of 8.1% and labour productivity by 5.8%.
The higher growth in average compensation of employees compared to labour productivity caused ULC to increase at an average annual rate of 2.2% during that period.

In 2013, the ULC index grew by 4.9% following a growth of 1.9% in 2012 (Table 3.5).

In Dollar terms, ULC witnessed an average annual growth of 2.6% during the period 2007 to 2013.

In 2013, ULC in Dollar terms increased by 2.4% after a decline of 2.1% in 2012.

Statistics Mauritius Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Port Louis.
May 2014 Contact persons Mr. L. Persand (Statistician) Mr. S. Chaumoo (Principal Statistical Officer) Statistics Mauritius L.I.C Centre Port-Louis Tel: 208 1800 Fax: 211 4150 10 Technical Notes Concepts and definitions Productivity expresses the relationship between the output of goods and services (real output) and the various inputs required for production (e.g.

labour and capital).


Two important productivity indicators used are: labour productivity, that is, the ratio of real output to labour input, and capital productivity, the ratio of real output to stock of fixed capital used in the production process.

However, these indicators are limited in the sense that they indicate the influence of only one factor of production at a time on productivity.
An improvement over these partial indicators is the multifactor productivity which takes into account the simultaneous influences of several factors on production, including qualitative factors such as better management, improved quality of inputs and higher quality of goods.

Unit Labour Cost (ULC) is another important indicator of competitiveness which is defined as the remuneration of labour for producing one unit of real output.
Using compensation of employees, which is more readily available from national accounts data as a proxy for labour costs, ULC can hence be expressed as the ratio of average compensation per person engaged to labour productivity.

This ratio indicates how improvement in productivity offsets increases in average compensation per worker.

1.

Output The term output in this publication refers to real output, that is value added at constant prices.
Output index = Value added (constant price) in year n x 100 Value added in base year 2.

Employment/Labour input Employment/Labour input is most appropriately measured by hours worked and its price by average compensation per hour.

However, due to lack of data, the total number of persons engaged, defined as employers, own account workers, contributing family workers and employees in any type of economic activity is used.
Prior to 2000, employment for year n was calculated as the average of employment at June of year (n) and June of year (n+1).

As from 2000, average employment for a given year is available and thus the data has been used for the computation of labour input.

Labour input index = Average number of persons engaged in year n x 100 Average number of persons engaged in base year 3.

Capital input Capital refers to the net stock of investment in reproducible fixed assets.
Reproducible fixed assets are investments in residential and non-residential building (excluding land), infrastructural work, machinery and equipment.

Capital input index = Stock of fixed capital in year n x 100 Stock of fixed capital in base year 4.

Labour Productivity Labour productivity index shows the rate of change in output per person engaged.

Labour Productivity Index = Output index x 100 Labour input index 5.
Capital productivity 11 The capital productivity index shows the rate of change in output per unit of capital.

Capital Productivity Index = Output index x 100 6.

Multifactor/Total factor productivity Capital input index Multifactor productivity (MFP)/Total factor productivity (TFP) index shows the rate of change in “productive efficiency”, and is obtained as the ratio of the output to a weighted combination of labour and capital inputs.
The limitation of partial productivity measures is that they attribute to one factor of production, changes in efficiency that are attributable to other factors.

MFP reflects many influences including qualitative factors such as better management and improved quality of inputs through training and technology.
Multifactor productivity index = Output index x 100 Multifactor input index A (t) = Q(t) x 100 where {WL(t) x L(t)} + {WK(t) x K(t)} A(t) = Multifactor Productivity index in time t Q(t) = Output index in time t WL(t) = Labour’s input share in time t (ratio of compensation of employees to value added) L(t) = Labour input index in time t WK(t) = 1- WL(t) K(t) = Capital input index in time t 7.
Unit Labour Cost Unit labour cost is the remuneration of labour (compensation of employees) to produce one unit of output.

It is computed as the ratio of the labour cost index to an index of production.

The index shows the rate of change in labour cost per unit of output.

Unit Labour Cost Index = Labour Cost Index x 100 or Average Compensation Index x 100 Output Index Labour Productivity Index For Competitiveness purposes, the exchange rate effect has to be taken into account.
ULC is therefore computed both in local currency and in US dollar.

ULC index (US $) = ULC index (MUR) / Exchange rate index of MUR/ US $.

8.

Hourly Labour Cost Hourly labour cost is the ratio of compensation of employees to total hours worked, inclusive of overtime.

Compensation of employees comprises wages & salaries in cash and in kind, bonus, overtime and social contribution incurred by employers.

The source of data is the Survey of Employment, Earnings and Hours of work.
Table 1.1 Trends in output and inputs - Total economy, 2003 - 2013 Real output Labour input¹ (Index 2007 = 100) Capital input 12 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2003 - 2013 Index 83.6 87.2 89.6 94.6 100.0 105.5 108.8 113.3 117.4 121.4 125.3 Growth rate (%) 6.3 4.3 2.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 3.1 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.2 Index 97.5 97.7 98.1 99.3 100.0 102.6 103.5 105.4 104.9 106.2 109.4 Growth rate (%) 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.7 2.6 0.8 1.9 -0.5 1.3 3.0 Index 82.0 86.3 90.0 94.8 100.0 105.2 111.1 116.8 122.4 127.7 132.4 Growth rate (%) 5.6 5.2 4.3 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.1 4.8 4.3 3.7 4.1% 1.2% 4.9% Table 1.2 Trends in output and inputs - Total economy, 2003 - 2013 y, p p Labour productivity¹ Capital productivity Index 85.8 89.3 91.3 95.2 100.0 102.8 105.1 107.5 112.0 114.3 114.5 Growth rate (%) 5.7 4.1 2.3 4.3 5.0 2.8 2.3 2.3 4.1 2.1 0.2 Index 101.9 101.1 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.3 97.9 97.0 95.9 95.0 94.6 Growth rate (%) 0.6 -0.8 -1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 -2.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4 Index (Index 2007 = 100) Multifactor productivity¹ Growth rate (%) 3.1 1.4 0.1 1.9 2.0 1.2 -0.7 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 94.8 96.1 96.2 98.0 100.0 101.2 100.5 100.8 101.5 101.7 101.7 2.9% -0.7% 0.7% Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2003 - 2013 ¹ Revised Table 1.3 Average compensation of employees, Labour productivity and Unit Labour Cost - Total economy, 2003 - 2013 13 Average compensation of employees¹ Labour productivity¹ Unit Labour Cost¹ (MUR) (Index 2007 = 100) Index 72.4 78.5 82.0 88.5 100.0 111.2 114.5 119.2 129.3 135.6 146.2 Growth rate (%) 8.9 8.6 4.4 7.9 13.0 11.2 3.0 4.1 8.5 4.9 7.8 Index 85.8 89.3 91.3 95.2 100.0 102.8 105.1 107.5 112.0 114.3 114.5 Growth rate (%) 5.7 4.1 2.3 4.3 5.0 2.8 2.3 2.3 4.1 2.1 0.2 Index 84.3 88.0 89.8 92.9 100.0 108.1 108.9 110.9 115.4 118.6 127.7 Growth rate (%) 3.0 4.3 2.1 3.5 7.6 8.1 0.7 1.8 4.1 2.7 7.6 7.3% 2.9% 4.2% Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2003 - 2013 Table 1.4 Unit labour
 cost in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US dollar - Total economy, 2003 - 2013 (Index 2007 = 100) Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2003 - 2013 ¹ Revised Index Index Index (%) Change² Unit Labour Cost¹ (MUR) Exchange rate US $/MUR Unit Labour Cost¹ (US $) Growth rate (%) 8.7 6.7 -3.1 -2.9 6.9 19.6 -10.6 5.3 11.9 -1.3 5.1 Growth rate (%) -5.3 -2.2 5.3 6.6 0.7 -9.6 12.6 -3.3 -6.9 4.1 2.4 4.2% 0.8% 3.4% ² + : depreciation, - : appreciation of the MUR vis-a-vis the US $ 14 Table 2.1 Trends in output and inputs - Manufacturing sector, 2003 - 2013 Real output Labour input¹ Capital input Year Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 103.2 104.0 100.4 105.2 107.6 111.1 113.4 115.8 1.0 0.8 -3.5 4.8 2.3 3.2 2.1 2.1 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 100.0 103.3 105.8 107.8 108.5 110.9 115.9 3.3 2.4 1.9 0.7 2.2 4.5 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2007 - 2013 94.1 89.0 85.3 85.7 86.7 86.4 81.1 79.9 100.0 100.7 95.4 94.6 92.2 92.2 95.2 -4.0 -5.4 -4.2 0.4 1.2 -0.4 -6.1 -1.4 0.7 -5.3 -0.8 -2.5 0.0 3.3 110.2 115.3 119.4 118.4 125.0 124.3 124.4 119.6 100.0 100.3 100.4 96.5 95.3 92.8 90.3 2.0 4.7 3.6 -0.9 5.6 -0.6 0.0 -3.8 0.3 0.0 -3.8 -1.2 -2.7 -2.7 2.5% -0.8% -1.7% Table 2.2 Trends in productivity - Manufacturing sector, 2003 - 2013 Year Labour productivity¹ Capital productivity Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) Multifactor productivity¹ Growth rate (%) Index (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 109.7 116.9 117.7 122.8 124.1 128.6 139.8 144.9 5.2 6.5 0.7 4.3 1.1 3.6 8.7 3.6 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2)
 100.0 102.5 110.9 114.0 117.7 120.4 121.8 2.5 8.2 2.8 3.3 2.2 1.2 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2007 - 2013 ¹ Revised 93.7 90.2 84.0 88.8 86.1 89.3 91.2 96.8 100.0 102.9 105.4 111.7 113.9 119.6 128.4 -1.0 -3.7 -6.8 5.7 -3.1 3.8 2.1 6.2 2.9 2.4 6.0 2.0 5.0 7.4 100.2 100.2 95.8 100.6 97.8 100.9 105.1 112.0 100.0 102.7 108.6 113.0 116.1 120.0 124.3 1.4 0.0 -4.4 5.1 -2.8 3.2 4.2 6.6 2.7 5.8 4.0 2.7 3.4 3.5 3.3% 4.2% 3.7% 15 Table 2.3 Average compensation of employees, Labour productivity and Unit Labour Cost - Manufacturing sector, 2003 - 2013 Average compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost¹ (MUR) Labour productivity¹ Year Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 125.1 140.7 147.1 158.2 169.3 185.6 201.2 222.2 8.6 12.5 4.5 7.5 7.0 9.7 8.4 10.4 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 100.0 112.6 121.8 126.8 139.5 146.7 147.9 Average annual growth rate 2007 - -0.3 6.6 9.8 0.0 1.3 6.5 2.8 -0.4 3.3% 3.3% Table 2.4 Unit labour cost in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US dollar - Manufacturing sector, Year 2003 - 2013 Unit Labour Cost¹ (MUR) Growth rate (%) Index (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 114.0 120.4 125.0 128.8 136.4 144.3 143.9 153.4 3.2 5.7 3.8 3.1 5.9 5.9 -0.3 6.6 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 100.0 109.8 109.8 111.3 118.5 121.9 121.4 Average annual growth rate 2007 - 2013 9.8 0.0 1.3 6.5 2.8 -0.4 3.3% Exchange rate MUR/US $ Index (%) Change² Unit Labour Cost¹ (US $) Growth rate (%) Index 108.1 105.7 111.3
 118.6 119.5 108.0 121.6 117.6 100.0 90.4 101.8 98.5 91.7 95.4 97.7 -5.3 -2.2 5.3 6.6 0.7 -9.6 12.6 -3.3 -9.6 12.6 -3.3 -6.9 4.1 2.4 105.5 114.0 112.3 108.6 114.1 133.7 118.3 130.4 100.0 121.5 107.8 113.0 129.3 127.7 124.2 9.0 8.0 -1.5 -3.3 5.1 17.1 -11.5 10.2 21.5 -11.2 4.8 14.4 -1.2 -2.7 -0.4% 3.7% ¹ Revised ² + : depreciation, - : appreciation of the MUR vis- a - vis the US $ Table 2.5 - Hourly labour cost of selected countries in US Dollar - Manufacturing sector, 2002 - 2012 Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Australia 17.42 22.65 26.75 28.55 29.17 33.37 35.91 33.42 39.68 46.47 47.68 Canada France Germany Japan Korea, Republic of 10.25 11.33 12.63 14.83 17.37 19.43 16.85 15.06 17.89 19.25 20.72 Mauritius Mexico Portugal Singapore 12.14 12.74 13.20 13.25 13.77 15.71 18.87 17.54 19.42 23.13 24.16 Taiwan 6.83 6.97 7.28 7.93 8.05 8.18 8.68 7.77 8.37 9.34 9.46 United Kingdom 22.09 25.15 28.50 29.72 31.23 35.23 34.20 29.47 29.11 30.77 31.23 United States 27.36 28.57 29.31 30.14 30.48 32.07 32.78 34.19 34.81 35.51 35.67 Source : U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics and Statistics Mauritius estimates Note: Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing for Production Workers are no longer available.
Instead, above data includes Hourly Compensation data for all employees.
17 Table 3.1 Trends in output and inputs - Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE), 2003 - 2013 Real output Labour input Capital input Year Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 93.8 88.3 82.7 89.5 99.5 101.1 100.2 106.7 -4.6 -5.8 -6.4 8.2 11.2 1.6 -0.9 6.5 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 100.0 101.7 101.3 107.8 114.4 116.0 113.3 1.7 -0.4 6.4 6.1 1.4 -2.3 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2007 - 2013 89.1 79.7 72.9 72.4 74.7 71.5 65.1 64.0 100.0 95.7 87.2 85.7 83.5 81.5 80.8 -6.7 -10.5 -8.5 -0.8 3.2 -4.3 -8.9 -1.7 -4.3 -8.9 -1.7 -2.6 -2.3 -0.9 101.3 110.9 116.6 117.7 133.7 130.5 120.4 109.8 100.0 97.6 90.1 82.1 76.3 70.6 70.4 -1.9 9.4 5.1 1.0 13.5 -2.4 -7.7 -8.8 -2.4 -7.7 -8.8 -7.1 -7.4 -0.4 2.1% -3.5% -5.7% Table 3.2 Trends in productivity - Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE), 2003 - 2013 Year Labour productivity Capital productivity Index Growth rate (%) Index Growth rate (%) Multifactor productivity Growth rate (%) Index (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 105.3 110.8 113.4 123.6 133.1 141.4 153.7 166.6 2.2 5.3 2.3 9.0 7.7 6.2 8.8 8.4 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 100.0 106.3 116.2 125.8 137.0 142.2 140.2 6.3 9.3 8.3 8.9 3.8 -1.4 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 Average annual growth rate 2007 - 2013 ¹ Revised 92.6 79.7 70.9 76.0 74.4 77.4 83.2 97.2 100.0 104.2 112.4 131.2 149.9 164.1 161.0 -2.7 -13.9 -11.0 7.1 -2.1 4.1 7.4 16.8 4.2 7.9 16.7 14.2 9.5 -1.9 99.3 94.1 88.3 93.7 95.1 101.2 111.6 128.4 100.0 105.3 114.5 128.1 141.9 150.7 148.6 -0.1 -5.2 -6.2 6.1 1.5 6.4 10.3 15.1 5.3 8.7 11.9 10.8 6.2 -1.4 5.8% 8.3% 6.8% Table 3.3 - Trends in output and inputs - Textile and non textile subsectors of EOE, 2003 - 2013 Real output Labour input Capital input Year Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Rev 1) (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 87.5 76.3 67.7 67.7 69.6 64.4 57.8 54.9 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 2007 - 2013 Year 2012¹ Year 2013 ¹ Revised 100.0 101.7 101.3 107.8 114.4 116.0 113.3 2.1 1.4 -2.3 100.0 100.3 96.9 100.2 104.2 104.2 106.3 1.0 0.0 2.0 100.0 106.4 112.3 128.3 143.2 150.9 134.3 5.0 5.4 -11.0 100.0 100.0 95.7 87.2 85.7 83.5 81.5 80.8 92.5 83.0 78.8 76.0 74.0 73.4 Annual growth rate (%) -3.5 -2.3 -0.9 -5.0 -2.7 -0.8 101.1 105.2 112.2 107.6 113.1 124.6 120.5 132.7 100.0 110.2 106.5 117.3 117.7 116.2 114.8 2.3 -1.3 - -5.7 -7.4 -0.4 98.0 90.6 82.8 77.1 71.5 71.4 -5.5 -7.3 -0.1 95.3 86.3 77.4 71.0 64.9 63.5 -7.3 -8.6 -2.2 Table 3.4 - Trends in productivity - Textile and non textile subsectors of EOE, 2003 - 2013 Year Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 105.3 110.8 113.4 123.6 133.1 141.4 153.7 166.6 104.3 109.7 112.4 118.0 128.4 139.2 149.9 163.1 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 2007 - 2013 Year 2012¹ Year 2013 ¹ Revised 100.0 106.3 116.2 125.8 137.0 142.2 140.2 5.8 3.8 -1.4 100.0 108.4 116.8 127.1 137.0 140.8 144.8 6.4 2.8 2.8 111.0 115.9 117.1 147.8 153.0 147.7 161.2 167.3 100.0 96.6 105.4 109.4 121.7 129.9 117.0 2.7 6.7 - Annual growth rate (%) 8.3 9.5 -1.9 6.9 7.8 2.1 111.9 112.5
 117.2 140.8 138.3 154.4 179.9 229.2 100.0 111.6 130.1 165.7 201.8 232.6 211.6 13.3 15.3 -9.0 99.3 94.1 88.3 93.7 95.1 101.2 111.6 128.4 100.0 105.3 114.5 128.1 141.9 150.7 148.6 6.8 6.2 - -9.3 Table 3.5 - Average compensation of employees, Labour productivity and Unit labour cost - Textile and non textile subsectors of EOE, 2003 - 2013 Average compensation of employees Labour productivity Unit Labour Cost Year Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile Total Textile Non-textile (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 124.9 137.4 141.8 155.8 177.6 195.8 224.4 239.1 131.8 148.5 154.5 166.0 185.5 206.8 242.0 272.4 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 2007 - 2013 Year 2012¹ Year 2013 ¹ Revised Annual growth rate (%) 5.8 3.8 -1.4 6.4 2.8 2.8 111.0 115.9 117.1 147.8 153.0 147.7 161.2 167.3 100.0 96.6 105.4 109.4 121.7 129.9 117.0 2.7 6.7 - Table 3.6 - Unit labour cost in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US dollar - Textile and non textile subsectors of EOE, 2003 - 2013 Year Unit labour cost (MUR) Exchange Rate US
 $/MUR Unit labour cost (US Dollar) Total Textile Non-textile Index % Change² Total Textile Non-textile (Index 2000 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 1) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 118.7 124.0 125.1 126.1 133.4 138.5 145.9 143.5 126.4 135.3 137.5 140.7 144.5 148.6 161.5 167.0 (Index 2007 = 100 - Based on NSIC Rev 2) 2007 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011¹ 2012¹ 2013 2007 - 2013 Year 2012¹ Year 2013 ¹ Revised -5.3 -2.2 5.3 6.6 0.7 -9.6 12.6 -3.3 -9.6 -9 6 12.6 -3.3 -6.9 4.1 2.4 Annual growth rate (%) -0.4 4.1 2.4 109.8 117.3 112.4 106.3 111.7 128.2 120.0 122.0 100.0 114.6 114 6 105.2 106.7 116.2 113.8 116.5 2.6 -2.1 2.4 117.0 128.1 123.5 118.6 121.0 137.6 132.8 141.9 100.0 113.7 113 7 108.8 115.5 126.6 124.5 122.3 3.4 -1.7 -1.8 2 1 71.3 66.9 65.6 61.3 74.9 91.5 78.5 67.3 100.0 122.4 122 4 100.3 86.7 96.3 95.6 106.8 1.1 -0.7 11.7 ² + : depreciation, - : appreciation of the MUR vis- a - vis the US $