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Ministry of Finance and Economic Development CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE DIGEST OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS STATISTICS 2009 Foreword Productivity and Competitiveness Statistics – 2009 is the thirteenth issue of an annual report published by the Central Statistics Office.

This publication presents data relating to the years 1989 to 2009, with the analysis focused on the ten - year period from 1999 to 2009.
Indices presented in this digest are computed based on the latest available data as at end of June 2009.

The indices have been calculated using year 2000 as base.

Figures for latest years are still provisional and are subject to revision in later issues.

The published data pertain to the total economy and to the Manufacturing sector.

Tables in section A – Total Economy, also include indices by industry group and some economic productivity indicators based on the Ramsey Productivity Models.
Within the Manufacturing sector, separate indices for Export Oriented Enterprises (consisting of all those enterprises, previously operating with an EPZ certificate, and those enterprises manufacturing goods for exports and holding a registration certificate issued by the Board of Investment) sub-divided into Textile and Non-Textile manufacture are also given.

The concepts and definitions used for the computation of the various productivity and competitiveness statistics are described on pages 5 to 13.
It is hoped that the data presented will prove useful to a wide range of users, policy makers, planners as well as to the general public.

The co-operation of all organizations, both public and private which have provided information for the preparation of this publication is gratefully acknowledged.

(L. F. Cheung Kai Suet) Director of Statistics Central Statistics Office Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Port Louis MAURITIUS July 2010 Contact persons Mrs. D. Ramphul Ag.
Statistician Mrs. N. Joomun Senior Statistical Officer Central Statistics Office LIC Centre, Port Louis Tel: 2122316/17 Fax: (230) 2114150 Website: http://statsmauritius.gov.mu Email : cso_productivity@mail.gov.mu CONTENTS CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Productivity Indicators Economic Productivity Measures Competitiveness Indicators Estimates of Capital Stock EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.
APPROACH TO PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT 1.1 The relevance of productivity measurement 1.2 The productivity process 1.3 Coverage 1.4 Caution to users 2.

INDICATORS FOR THE TOTAL ECONOMY 2.1 Structure of the economy 2.2 Output and inputs 2.3 Trends in Labour productivity 2.4 Trends in Capital productivity 2.5 Capital - labour ratio and capital - output ratio 2.6 Trends in Multifactor productivity 2.7 Comparison of productivity trends 2.8 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 2.9 Growth accounting 3.
INDICATORS FOR THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 3.1 Background 3.2 Output and inputs 3.3 Trends in Labour productivity 3.4 Trends in Capital productivity 3.5 Trends in Multifactor productivity 3.6 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 4.
INDICATORS FOR THE EXPORT ORIENTED ENTERPRISES 4.1 Background 4.2 Output and inputs 4.3 Productivity trends 4.4 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 5. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5.1 General 5.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost 5.3 International comparison of ULC in the Manufacturing sector - 2008 5.4 Evolution of market share - 2 - TABLES A The Total Economy by industry group 39-46 A.1 Real output by industry group, 2003-2009 A.2 Labour input by industry group, 2003-2009 A.3 Capital input by industry group, 2003-2009 A.4 Labour Productivity by industry group, 2003-2009 A.5 Capital Productivity by industry group, 2003-2009 A.6 Mulifactor Productivity by industry group, 2003-2009 A.7 Economic Productivity based on Gross Output by industry group, 2003-2009 A.8 Economic Productivity based on Value Added by industry group, 2003-2009 B Series B 1 Total Economy B 1.1 Productivity Trends - Total Economy, 1989 - 2009 B 1.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - Total Economy, 1989 - 2009 B 2 The Manufacturing sector B 2.1 Productivity Trends - Manufacturing sector, 1989 - 2009 B 2.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - Manufacturing sector, 1989 - 2009 B 3 The Export Oriented Enterprises B 3.1 Productivity Trends - EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 B 3.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 B 4 The EOE Textile subsector B 4.1 Productivity Trends - EOE Textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 B 4.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE Textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 B 5 The EOE Non textile subsector B 5.1 Productivity Trends - EOE Non textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 B 5.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio and Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE Non textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47-48 47 48 49-50 49 50 51-52 51 52 53-54 53 54 55-56 55 56 - 3 - C
 Productivity related indicators C1 Labour Force, employment and unemployment, 1989 - 2009 C2 Employment in large establishments by sex and industry group, March 2006 - March 2009 C3 Average monthly earnings in large establishments by industry group, March 2006 - March 2009 57-76 57 58 59 60 C4 Index of average monthly earnings in large establishments by industry group, March 2006 - March 2009 C5 Inflation, real monthly earnings and labour productivity in the EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 C6 Gross Domestic Product by industry group at current basic prices, 1999 - 2009 C7 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and per worker, 1999 - 2009 C8 Gross Domestic Product sectoral growth rates - (% over previous year), 1999 - 2009 C9 Compensation of employees by industry group at current prices, 2007 - 2009 C10 Compensation of employees as a percentage of value added by industry group, 2007 - 2009 C11 Compensation of employees by industry group at current basic prices for General Government , 2007 - 2009 C12 Value added by industry group at current basic prices for General Government, 2007 - 2009 C13 Composition of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation at current prices by type and use, 1999 - 2009 C14 Composition of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation, annual real growth rates (%), by type and use, 1999 - 2009 C15 Exports and imports of goods and services, 1989 - 2009 C16 Export and import price indices and terms of trade, 2005 - 2009 C17 Export and import of goods by the EPZ/EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 C18 Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group, 2006 - 2009 C19 Budgetary central government debt and net international reserves, 1989 - 2009 (June) 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 76 D Infrastructure quality related indica-rs 77-81 D1 ICT access as at end of year, 2004 - 2008 D2 Selected telephone and ICT tariffs, 2004 - 2008 D3 Electricity Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2007 , 2010 D4 Water Tariffs for Commercial and
 Industrial consumers, 2000, 2009 - 2010 D5 Road network, 2005 - 2009 D6 Monthly rent for industrial building per square foot, 2008 - 2009 D7 Export rate of textile products from SSR International Airport - selected Airports, 2008 - 2009 D8 Import rate of textile products from selected Airports - SSR International Airport, 2008 - 2009 77 78 79 80 80 81 81 81 E International comparison of competitiveness indicators 82-89 - 4 - E1 Exchange rates - National currency units per U.S dollar, 1999 - 2009 E2 Hourly labour cost in national currency for the Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 E3 Hourly labour cost in U.S dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 E4 Hourly labour cost index in U.S dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 E5 Mauritius exchange rate movements (value of foreign currency), 1999 - 2009 E6 Index of Mauritian rupee relative - foreign currency, 1999 - 2009 E7 Index of foreign currency relative - Mauritian rupee, 1999 - 2009 E8 Annual change in the value of foreign currency relative - Mauritian rupee, 1999 - 2009 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 The Productivity process 2.1 Labour productivity and its components Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.2 Capital productivity and its components Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.3 Capital-labour ratio and Capital-output ratio Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.4 Multifactor productivity and its components Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.5 Capital , labour and multifactor productivity Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.6 Unit Labour Cost - Total Economy, 1999 - 2009 2.7 Contribution of labour, capital and TFP - GDP, 1999 - 2009 3.1 Labour productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 3.2 Capital productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 3.3 Multifactor productivity and its components - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 3.4 Unit Labour Cost - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 4.1 Output and input trends - EOE sector, 1999 - 2009 4.2 Productivity trends - EOE sector, 1999 - 2009 4.3 Unit
 Labour Cost - EOE sector, 1999 - 2009 5.1 ULC index in Mauritian Rupees and US dollar - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 5.2 International comparison of ULC in the Manufacturing sector - 2008 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 19 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 - 5 - CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS A.
Productivity indicators 1.

Real output Real output is defined as value added at constant basic prices.

Value added is the value of any industry’s final output less its purchases of intermediate products, raw materials and services.

Value added is also equal to the amount available for distribution to the factors of production in the form of wages and salaries, profits, allowance for depreciation, interest and dividends.
Output index shows the rate of change in production as compared to a chosen base period.

Output index = Value added (constant price) in year n x 100 Value added in base year 2.

Employment/Labour input Employment/Labour input is most appropriately measured by hours worked and its price by average compensation per hour.
However, due to lack of data, the total number of persons engaged, defined as employers, own account workers, contributing family workers and employees in any type of economic activity is used.

Prior to 2000, employment for year n was calculated as the average of employment at June of year (n) and June of year (n+1).

As from 2000, average employment for a given year is available and thus the data has been used for the computation of labour input.
The labour input index shows the rate of change in employment.

Labour input index = Average number of persons engaged in year n x 100 Average number of persons engaged in base year 3.

Capital input In the absence of data on services provided by capital, an estimate of stock of fixed capital is used.

Capital refers to the net stock of investment in reproducible fixed assets.
Reproducible fixed assets are investments in residential and non-residential building (excluding land), infrastructural work, machinery and equipment.

The standard Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) has been used for the estimation of the net Capital Stock.

Further details on the PIM approach are given in the section on estimates of capital stock.

Capital input index shows the rate of change in capital.

This estimate uses net capital stock at constant prices.
- 6 - Capital input index = Stock of fixed capital in year n x 100 Stock of fixed capital in base year 4.

Multifactor input The multifactor input is a weighted combination of inputs, namely labour and capital.

Part of compensation of employee in value added is used to weigh labour and the remaining is used to weigh capital.

5.

Labour productivity Labour productivity is conventionally measured as the ratio of real output to labour input.
Although this measure relates output to the number of employees, it does not measure the specific contribution of labour as a single factor of production.

Rather, it reflects the joint effects of many influences, including new technology, capital investment, capacity utilisation, energy use, and managerial skills, as well as the efforts of the workforce.

Labour productivity index shows the rate of change in output per person engaged.

Labour Productivity Index = Output index x 100 Labour input index 6.
Capital productivity Capital productivity is the ratio of real output to stock of fixed capital used in the production process.

This index should be interpreted with care since partial measures can be very misleading if taken alone, as they include amongst other factors, the effects of the substitution of one resource for another, such as capital for labour.

The capital productivity index shows the rate of change in output per unit of capital.
Capital Productivity Index = Output index x 100 Capital input index 7.

Multifactor/Total Factor productivity The limitation of partial productivity measures such as labour and capital, is that they attribute to one factor of production changes in efficiency that are attributable to other factors.

Multifactor productivity (MFP) reflects many influences including qualitative factors such as better management and improved quality of inputs through training and technology.
MFP index shows the rate of change in “productive efficiency” and is obtained as the ratio of output to multifactor input, that is a weighted combination of labour and capital inputs.
MFP index = Output index x 100 Multifactor input index - 7 - A (t) = Q(t) x 100 where {WL(t) x L(t)} + {WK(t) x K(t)} A (t) = Multifactor productivity index in time t Q (t) = Output index in time t WL(t) = Labour’s input share in time t (ratio of compensation of employees to value added) L(t) = Labour input index in time t WK(t) = 1 - WL(t) K(t) = Capital input index in time t 8.

Capital-labour ratio The Capital-labour ratio gives the proportion of stock of fixed capital to labour inputs.
If the ratio increases, capital deepening takes place whilst, when it declines capital widening occurs.

Capital-labour ratio = Real fixed capital utilised in an industry Number of persons engaged in the industry 9.

Capital-output ratio The capital-output ratio represents the units of capital required to produce one unit of output.

This ratio indicates how efficiently investment is contributing to economic growth.
Capital-output ratio = Real fixed capital stock in a specific year Real GDP for the same year - 8 - B.
ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES ACCORDING TO THE RAMSAY PRODUCTIVITY MODELS (RAPMODS) Economic Productivity is conceptualized as follows: It is the units of monetary value achieved as “Output” or “Value Added” by a conversion system such as manufacturing, mining, processing, service, government and the like, covering all economic systems, for unit monetary value of input of any specific resource or a set of resources or aggregate of all input resources consumed by the conversion system.
The Economic Productivity Measures outlined in the RAPMODS System are based on both System Output (Gross Output) and System Value Added (Value Added).

1.

Total / Overall Productivity Measure (TPM / OPM) Total / Overall Productivity Measure (TPM / OPM) measures the output (Gross Output / Value Added) achieved per unit value of Total System Input (TSI) or all input resources.
All Input Resources = Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes Total Productivity Measure = Gross Output All Input Resources Overall Productivity Measure = Value Added All Input Resources 2.

Factor Productivity Measure (FPM) Factor Productivity Measure is the output achieved per unit of currency spent on a specific item of factor input.
The Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation of Employees is defined as the output (Gross Output or Value Added) produced per unit value spent as Compensation of Employees.

Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation = Gross Output of Employees (FPM Comp.

based on GO) Compensation of employees - 9 - Factor Productivity Measure of Compensation = Value Added of Employees (FPM Comp.

based on VA) Compensation of employees 3.


Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z1 / Z2) Productivity of Intermediate Consumption measures the Output (Gross Output or Value Added) achieved per unit value spent as Intermediate Consumption.

Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z1) = Gross Output Intermediate Consumption Productivity of Intermediate Consumption (Z2) = Value Added Intermediate Consumption C. Competitiveness indicators 1.
Labour cost index Labour cost, given by compensation of employees, as defined for National Accounts purposes, includes wages and salaries in cash and kind, bonus, overtime and social contribution incurred by employers.

2.

Unit labour cost index (ULC) Unit labour cost is the remuneration of labour (compensation of employees) to produce one unit of output.

It is computed as the ratio of the labour cost index to an index of production.

The index shows the rate of change in labour cost per unit of output.
Unit labour cost index = Labour cost index x 100 or Average compensation index x 100 Output index Labour Productivity index For Competitiveness purposes, the exchange rate effect has to be taken into account.

ULC is therefore computed both in local currency and in US dollar.

ULC index (US $) = ULC index (MUR) Exchange rate index of MUR/ US $ - 10 - 3.

Hourly Labour cost Hourly Labour cost is the ratio of compensation to total hours worked, inclusive of overtime.
Compensation of employees comprises wages & salaries in cash and in kind, bonus, overtime and social contribution incurred by employers.

The source of data is the Survey of Employment, Earnings and Hours of work.

4.

Exchange rate The exchange rate quoted at a certain time is the nominal exchange rate.

Although many international transactions take place in US dollars, it is often necessary to get an indication of the average movement of the local currency against that of its major trading partners.
This is desirable as the exchange rate may appreciate against some and depreciate against others.

The effective exchange rate shows the trade-weighted movement of the national currency against those of its main trading partners.

A net effect in nominal terms is obtained as it combines both appreciations and depreciations which might have occurred between the local currency and those of its respective trading partners.

5.
5.

Export ratios 5.1 Openness The openness of the economy is given by the ratio of total trade “exports of goods & services + imports of goods & services” to GDP.
Openness = Exports of goods & services+ Imports of goods & services x 100 Domestic production (GDP) 5.2 Net export ratio Net export ratio = Exports of goods & services – Imports of goods & services x 100 Domestic production (GDP) If the net export ratio declines it could mean (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) deterioration in the terms of trade structural shift in production from less import intensive to higher import intensive industries i.e.

capital intensive technology.


export markets are being eroded export incentives have been reduced.

- 11 - 5.3 Net export to export ratios Net export to export ratio = Exports of goods & services – Imports of goods & services x 100 Exports of goods & services If the net export to export ratio declines it could mean (i) (ii) deterioration in the terms of trade structural shift in production from less import intensive to higher import intensive industries i.e.

capital intensive technology.


(iii) (iv) higher value added to relatively lower value added activities higher import intensity of exports.

5.4 Export growth, market growth and market penetration (evolution of market share) If the share of a country’s (Mauritius) export growth of a product or service (say T- shirts) in the market in which it is sold, equals the growth of the imports of the buying country, it can be said that the exporting country (Mauritius) is maintaining its share of the market growth.
If the growth is higher, the exporting country (Mauritius) is penetrating the importing country’s market.

On the other hand, if the growth is lower, the exporting country is losing its market share.

D. Estimates of capital stock 1.

The Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) The Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) has been used to produce estimates of the value of the stock of capital assets used in the production process.
Capital assets refer to tangible reproducible fixed assets which include building (excluding land), infrastructural work, machinery and equipment.

The PIM requires current price estimates of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation and price indices over many years, and assumptions about the expected lifetime of the respective assets as shown at paragraph 3.
The PIM produces annual estimates of gross and net capital stock at constant and current prices by accumulating past flows of expenditure on Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation (GDFCF).

2.

Consumption of fixed capital Consumption of fixed capital is a cost of production.
It may be defined in general terms as the decline, during the course of the accounting period, in the current value of the stock of fixed assets owned and used by a producer as a result of physical deterioration, normal obsolescence or normal accidental damage.

Gross capital stock is the accumulation of past investment flows less retirements before deduction of any allowances for consumption of fixed capital.
- 12 - Net capital stock is gross capital stock less accumulated capital consumption on items forming the gross capital stock.

Annual estimates of consumption of fixed capital have been derived using the Straight Line Method.

The straight line method is recommended in the System of National Accounts (SNA).

The straight line depreciation function assumes a linear decline in efficiency, that is, it exhibits the same loss every year until the service life ends when efficiency declines to zero.

3.
3.

Assumption used for mean asset life by type Type of asset Mean asset life A .Construction Work Residential building Non residential building Other construction work Age 30 years 40 years 60 years B.
Transport equipment according to type / sector Motor car 8 years Other transport equipment by sector Agriculture Manufacturing Air / Sea Transport Other sectors 15 years 8 years 20 years 12 years C. Other machinery and equipment by sector Agriculture Manufacturing Financial services Public utilities Other sectors 15 years 8 years 5 years 20 years 12 years - 13 - Flow Chart of the PIM process (Perpetual Inventory Method) GDFCF (current prices) Price Index GDFCF (constant prices) P I M Mean Asset Lives/Straight Line Method Consumption of Fixed Capital (constant prices) Gross Capital Stock (constant prices) Net Capital Stock (Constant prices) Reflate by Price Index Consumption of Fixed Capital (current prices) Net capital stock (current prices) Gross Capital stock (current prices) Average Age - 15 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Productivity and competitiveness indicators, 1999 - 2009 Productivity is “what you get out for what you put in”.
It expresses the relationship between output of goods and services or real output and the various inputs required for production.

The two main inputs are labour and capital.

Labour productivity is the ratio of real output to labour input whereas capital productivity is the ratio of real output to the amount of fixed capital used in production.

However, these two indicators are restricted since they show the influence of only one factor at a time (labour or capital) on real output.
An improvement over these partial indicators is the Multifactor Productivity (MFP) which takes into account the simultaneous influences of several factors such as better management, improved quality of inputs and higher quality of goods.

MFP is measured as the ratio of real output to a weighted combination of labour and capital inputs.

The Unit Labour Cost (ULC) is defined as the remuneration of labour per unit of output.
ULC can also be expressed as the ratio of average compensation to labour productivity.

A change in ULC indicates how improvement in productivity offsets increases in average compensation.

Indicators for the total economy Table I below presents the growth rate of the various productivity and competitiveness indices for the total economy.
Table I: Productivity and other related indicators for the total economy Growth rate (%) Indicator Output (GDP at basic prices) GDP at market prices GDP per capita (market prices) Labour input Capital input Capital - Output ratio Capital - Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Average compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) Annual average 1999-2009 4.7 4.1 3.3 1.2 5.3 0.6 4.0 3.4 -0.6 0.3 8.0 4.5 2.0 2008 2009 5.1 5.1 4.4 3.7 5.8 0.7 2.0 1.4 -0.7 0.2 10.1 8.6 20.1 3.1 2.2 1.6 0.5 6.2 3.0 5.7 2.6 -2.9 -0.9 6.6 3.9 -7.7 - 16 - Output and Inputs Output, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the aggregate money of goods and services produced within a country out of economic activity during a specific period, usually a year.
From 1999 to 2009, GDP in real terms grew on average by 4.7% per annum.

The growth rate for 2009 was 3.1% lower than the 5.1% growth registered in 2008.

The GDP per capita at market prices is used as an indicator of the standard of living of the population.

With an annual growth of 0.8% in the population and 4.1% in GDP at market prices, GDP per capita grew by 3.3% per annum during the period 1999 to 2009.
During the period 1999 to 2009, whilst real GDP at basic prices increased by an average of 4.7% per annum, the two main inputs required for production, namely labour and capital witnessed positive growths of 1.2% and 5.3% respectively.

The capital-labour ratio, defined as the ratio of the stock of fixed capital to labour input, grew by 4.0% showing that capital deepening is taking place.

Productivity Indicators Labour productivity Labour productivity is defined as real GDP per worker.
The labour productivity index improved from 91.6 in 1999 to 127.9 in 2009, giving an average annual growth of 3.4%.

In 2009, labour productivity grew at a higher rate of 2.6% compared to 1.4% in 2008.

This was the result of a GDP growth of 3.1% in 2009 compared to 5.1% in 2008, coupled with a lower growth of 0.5% in labour input in 2009 against 3.7% in 2008.

Capital productivity Capital productivity is defined as real GDP per unit of capital.
During the period 1999 to 2009, the index of capital productivity declined at an average annual rate of 0.6% from 96.1 in 1999 to 90.6 in 2009.

In 2009, the capital productivity declined further by 2.9% after a decline of 0.7% in 2008.

The 2.9% fall in 2009 was explained by a higher growth in capital input (6.2%) compared to GDP (3.1%).

Multifactor productivity (MFP) During the period under review, the MFP index, defined as the rate of change in “productive efficiency” witnessed an annual growth of 0.3%.
In 2009, MFP registered a negative growth of 0.9% compared to positive growth of 0.2% in 2008.

Other Productivity Indicators - 17 - Economic Productivity Measures as per the RAPMODS System1, based on Gross Output and Value Added for the different sectors of the economy have also been worked out (Tables A.7 and A.8).

Average compensation and Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Unit labour cost measures the remuneration of labour per unit of output.
It is affected by changes in both average compensation of employees and labour productivity.

During the period 1999 to 2009, average compensation of employees increased by 8.0% annually whilst labour productivity grew by 3.4%.

The higher growth in average compensation of employees compared to that of labour productivity resulted in an average annual growth of 4.5% in ULC.

In 2009, ULC grew by 3.9% compared to 8.6% in 2008.
Indicators for the Manufacturing Sector Table II shows the main indicators for the manufacturing sector.

Table II: Productivity and other related indicators for the manufacturing sector.
Indicator Annual Average 2008 2009 1999 - 2009 Growth rate (%) Output (Value added at constant prices) Labour input Capital input Capital - Output ratio Capital - Labour ratio Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Average compensation of employees 10 Unit Labour Cost (Mauritian Rupees) 11 Unit Labour Cost (US Dollars) 1.5 -2.2 3.6 2.1 5.9 3.8 -2.0 -0.2 8.9 4.9 2.4 3.2 0.8 3.0 -0.2 2.2 2.4 0.2 0.7 12.6 10.0 21.7 1.1 -6.2 2.1 1.0 8.9 7.8 -1.0 1.5 8.6 0.7 -10.6 1 Ramsay Productivity Models Output and inputs - 18 - From 1999 to 2009, real output in the manufacturing sector grew on average by 1.5% annually.
In 2009, the sector registered a growth of 1.1%, lower than the growth of 3.2% registered in 2008.

For the period 1999 to 2009, labour input declined by 2.2% annually whereas capital input grew by an average annual rate of 3.6%.

Labour input fell by 6.2% in 2009 compared to an increase of 0.8% in 2008.

Capital input grew by 2.1% in 2009, lower than the growth of 3.0% in 2008.
Productivity trends During the period 1999 to 2009, labour productivity in the manufacturing sector registered an average annual growth of 3.8% while capital productivity declined by an average of 2.0% annually.

This was the result of growths of 1.5% and 3.6% in real output and capital input respectively and a decline of 2.2% in labour input.

During the same period, multifactor productivity decreased by an average of 0.2% per annum.

- 19 - 1.
- 19 - 1.

APPROACH TO PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT 1.1 The relevance of productivity measurement Productivity measurement makes use of ratios calculated by comparing output to one input or a combination of inputs in a particular industry, sector or for the entire economy.

The ratio of output to labour or capital gives partial productivity indicators, and the ratio of output to all inputs is termed total factor productivity (TFP).
However, as data is not available to estimate all inputs, a less specific term, multifactor productivity (MFP) is used.

The productivity ratio can increase in the following five ways: Output increases while inputs stay constant.

Output increases while inputs decline.

(i) (ii) (iii) Output stays constant while inputs decline.

(iv) Both output and input decreases, with input decreasing at a higher rate.

(v) Both output and input increases, with output increasing at a higher rate.
For countries with growing workforces or high unemployment rates options (i) and (v) are usually preferred as they do not involve reductions in input and therefore does not pose a threat to employment.

Most cost reduction exercises usually entail the retrenchment of labour, as it is a mobile and therefore vulnerable resource.
1.2 The Productivity process Fig1.1 The Productivity Process Effectiveness Effectiveness Management Resource Resource Market Market Labour Labour Materials Materials Energy Energy Capital Capital Conversion Goods Goods and and Services Services Product Product and and Service Service Market Market Efficiency Efficiency Utilisation Utilisation - 20 - Productivity improvement is brought about in many ways.
For instance, producing the “right products and services” (effectiveness) will lead to an increase in demand, which usually means better utilisation of capacity.

Productivity may also be enhanced through more competent management or better allocation of existing resources, resulting in a higher rate of conversion (efficiency) or greater use (utilisation) of these resources.
1.3 Coverage The series on productivity and competitiveness indicators relate to all production units including small units operating with nine or fewer workers.

The indices have been computed using Gross Domestic Product and Value Added figures based on the results of the 2002 Census of Economic Activities.
This publication presents data available as at end of June 2010 on the performance of the (a) Total economy (b) Manufacturing sector and (c) Export Oriented Enterprises (consisting of all those enterprises, formerly operating with an EPZ certificate and those enterprises manufacturing goods for exports) and its two sub-sectors, textile and non - textile.

1.4 Caution to users Productivity statistics are derived from ratios, therefore they should be used and interpreted with caution.
A rise in output per unit of a single input will measure the combined effect of a change in the efficiency with which all resources have been used.

For example, output per worker will rise if employees are given facilities of professional training in their respective fields as well as motivation and encouragement on the part of their managers.

- 21 - 2.
- 21 - 2.

INDICATORS FOR THE TOTAL ECONOMY 2.1 Structure of the economy – 1999 to 2009 From 1999 to 2009, while comparing the structure of the economy, a gradual shift from agriculture to the service sectors is observed.

The share of the agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which was 6.1% in 1999 went down to 4.3% in 2009.

The manufacturing sector also experienced a fall, from 23.9% in 1999 to 19.5% in 2009.
On the other hand, “Hotels and restaurants”, a major component of the Tourism sector, witnessed a rise from 6.9% to 7.3% during the same period.

The share of “Real estate, renting and business activities” which was 9.0% in 1999 increased to 11.9% in 2009.

“Financial intermediation” which comprises mainly insurance and banking including offshore banks experienced a major rise from 8.4% in 1999 to 11.7% in 2009.
Table III: Contribution of different industry group to the economy Industry group 2007 4.9 2.3 2.6 0.0 19.8 0.7 7.5 11.6 1.8 6.4 1999 6.1 2.6 3.5 0.2 23.9 0.6 12.5 10.8 1.5 5.7 Percentage 2008 4.4 1.9 2.5 0.0 20.1 0.6 6.8 12.7 2.1 6.9 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Export Oriented Enterprises Other Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Other Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Financial intermediation Insurance Banks Other -4.7 100.0 3.9 -5.6 100.0 4.0 -6.0 100.0 4.4 -6.6 100.0 Real estate, renting and business activities Owner occupied dwellings Other Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons FISIM Total 2.2 Output and inputs - 22 - Real output of an industry is measured by value added at constant prices.
At total economy level, real output is hence equal to Gross Domestic Product at constant prices which indicate the total volume of goods and services produced in the country in a specific year.

From 1999 to 2009, GDP in real terms increased at an annual rate of 4.7%.

Growth rates of real output by industry group and for the whole economy for the period of 2002 to 2009 are given in table A.1.
Labour input measured here by the number of persons engaged, registered an average annual growth of 1.2% during the period 1999 to 2009 while capital input which refers to the net stock of investment in reproducible fixed assets increased by an average of 5.3% annually.

Changes in labour input and capital input for years 2002 to 2009 by sector and for the whole economy are given in table A.2 and tableA.3 respectively.
2.3 Trends in labour productivity Labour productivity for the total economy, that is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker, is calculated by dividing GDP (at constant prices) by the total number of persons engaged.

An increase in GDP per worker can result when GDP increases at a higher rate than employment and a decline can occur when the same GDP is produced with more labour input.
Figure 2.1 – Labour productivity and its components – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 Output Labour input Labour productivity 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 From the above figure, it is observed that the labour productivity index has increased continuously from 91.6 in 1999 to 127.9 in 2009.

The average annual growth in labour productivity for the period under study works out to 3.4%.
In 2009, labour productivity grew at a higher rate of 2.6% compared to 1.4% in 2008.

This was the result of a GDP growth of 3.1% in 2009 compared to 5.1% in 2008, coupled with a lower growth of 0.5% in labour input in 2009 against 3.7% in 2008.

Trends in labour productivity during the period 2002 to 2009 for the economy as a whole and also for the different sectors are shown in table A.4.
2.4 Trends in capital productivity - 23 - Capital productivity is the ratio of real output to the stock of fixed capital used in the production process.

For the total economy, it is measured by dividing Gross Domestic Product (at constant prices) in a particular year by the fixed capital stock (at constant prices) used to produce it.

Capital productivity indicates how efficiently capital assets are being used.
Figure 2.2 – Capital productivity and its components – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 Output Capital productivity Capital input 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year From 1999 to 2009, capital productivity declined at an average annual rate of 0.6% with the index dropping from 96.1 in 1999 to 90.6 in 2009.

In 2009, the capital productivity declined further by 2.9% after a decline of 0.7% in 2008.
The 2.9% fall in 2009 is explained by a higher growth in capital input (6.2%) compared to GDP (3.1%).

Trends in capital productivity by industry group and for the whole economy are given in table A.5 for the years 2002 to 2009.

2.5 Capital-labour ratio and Capital-output ratio The capital-output ratio represents the units of capital required to produce one unit of output.
The capital-output ratio shows an annual increase of 0.6% from 1999 to 2009 with the index improving from 104.0 in 1999 to reach 110.4 in 2009.

The capital-labour ratio is defined as the ratio of the stock of fixed capital to labour inputs.

The index of the capital-labour ratio has increased from 95.3 in 1999 to 141.3 in 2009, representing an annual growth of 4.0%.

In 2009, the capital-output ratio witnessed a rise of 3.0% compared to an increase of 0.7% in 2008.
On the other hand, the capital-labour ratio grew at a rate of 5.7% in 2009 compared to 2.0% in 2008.
(Table B 1.2) - 24 - Figure 2.3 – Capital-labour ratio and capital-output ratio – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 Labour productivity Capital-Output ratio Capital-Labour ratio 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2.6 Trends in multifactor productivity Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures output against the combined effect of a multiplicity of factors of which capital and labour are the most important ones.
The other factors which could be included are better quality products and services, economies of scale, improved access to foreign markets, better management and improved training.
Figure 2.4 – Multifactor productivity and its components – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 Output labour input Capital input Multifactor productivity 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 90 80 70 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year The average annual growth of MFP during the period 1999 to 2009 worked out to 0.3%.

In 2009 MFP registered a negative growth of 0.9% compared to a positive growth of 0.2% in 2008.
Table A.6 shows the trends in multifactor productivity by industry group and total economy for the period 2002 to 2009.

- 25 - 2.7 Comparison of productivity trends Figure 2.5 shows the trends in the labour, capital and multifactor productivity indices for the period 1999 to 2009.

Over the years, whilst capital productivity declined by 0.6% annually, labour and multifactor productivity witnessed positive annual growths of 3.4% and 0.3% respectively.
(Table B 1.1) Figure 2.5 – Capital, labour and multifactor productivity – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 labour prouctivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2.8 Trends in Unit Labour Cost (ULC) Figure 2.6 – Unit Labour Cost – Total economy, 1999 to 2009 labour Productivity ULC Average Compensation of Employees 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Unit labour cost is affected by changes in both average compensation of employees and labour productivity.
The figure above shows the trend followed by the ULC index.

From 1999 to 2009, ULC grew by 4.5% annually mainly due to a higher growth of 8.0% in average compensation of employees against the 3.4% increase in labour productivity.

(Table B 1.2) 2.9 Growth accounting - 26 - The contribution of different factors to economic growth is determined by the growth accounting technique.
Fig 2.7 - Contribution of labour, capital and total factor productivity to GDP growth 1999 – 2009 TFP 2% Labour 12% Average annual GDP growth 1999- 2009 = 4.7% Capital 86% From 1999 to 2009, the contribution of labour to the 4.7% annual growth in Gross Domestic Product works out to 12% and that of capital to 86%.

The remaining 2% represents the contribution of “Total Factor Productivity” (TFP), which includes qualitative factors such as training, management and technology.
It is to be noted that during the period under study, labour input grew by 1.2% and capital input by 5.3%.

Growth in TFP is that part of change in output that has not been explained by corresponding changes in labour and capital inputs.

Factors Labour Capital TFP Percentage 12 % 86% 2% - 27 - 3.

INDICATORS FOR THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 3.1 Background The contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP decreased from 23.9% in 1999 to 19.5% in 2009.
In 2009, employment in the manufacturing sector stood at 91,978 (30% of total employment) compared to 111,226 (38 % of total employment) in 1999.

The main activities in the manufacturing sector are grouped under: (i) exports oriented enterprises (ii) Sugar milling (including electricity produced by sugar factories as by-products but excluding electricity produced by the Independent Power Producers (IPPs), and (iii) Other manufacturing which comprises goods mostly meant for the local market.
These groups contributed respectively 6.9%, 0.5% and 12.1% to GDP in 2009.

3.2 Output and inputs From 1999 to 2009, real output in the manufacturing sector grew on average by 1.5% annually.

In 2009, the sector registered a growth of 1.1% lower than the growth of 3.2% registered in 2008.

During the same period 1999 to 2009, labour input declined by 2.2% annually, whereas an annual increase of 3.6% was recorded in capital input.
Labour input fell by 6.2% in 2009 compared to a slight increase of 0.8% in 2008.

Capital input grew by 2.1% in 2009 compared to 3.0% in 2008.

3.3 Trends in labour productivity The labour productivity index reflects the interaction between output and labour input.

From 1999 to 2009, labour productivity in the manufacturing sector registered an average annual growth of 3.8%.

Figure 3.1 shows that the labour productivity index has improved over the years, from 90.7 in 1999 to 131.7 in 2009.
In 2009, labour productivity in manufacturing grew by 7.8%, higher than the growth of 2.4% in 200.

The 7.8% increase in 2009 is explained by a growth of 1.1% and a decline of 6.2% in output and labour input respectively.
(Table B 2.1) - 28 - Figure 3.1 – Labour Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 1999 to 2009 Output labour input Labour productivity 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 3.4 Trends in capital productivity Figure 3.2 – Capital Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 1999 to 2009 Output Capital input Capital productivity 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 During the period 1999 to 2009, capital productivity declined by an average of 2.0% annually as a result of growth of 3.6% in capital input and a lower growth of 1.5% in real output.
After an increased of 0.2% in 2008, capital productivity declined by 1.0% in 2009 as a result of a lower growth of 1.1% in real output compared to a growth of 2.1% in capital input.
(Table B 2.1) - 29 - 3.5 Trends in multifactor productivity Figure 3.3 – Multifactor Productivity - Manufacturing sector, 1999 to 2009 Output Labour input Capital input Multifactor productivity 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 During the period 1999 to 2009, multifactor productivity (MFP) decreased by an average of 0.2% per annum.

In 2009, MFP witnessed an increase of 1.5% compared to 0.7% in 2008.
(Table B 2.1) 3.6 Trends in Unit Labour Cost Unit labour cost is affected by changes in both average compensation and labour productivity.

From 1999 to 2009, ULC grew at an annual rate of 4.9% due to higher growth in average compensation of employees (8.9%) compared to labour productivity (3.8%).

Figure 3.4 shows that the ULC index in the manufacturing sector has moved from 99.3 in 1999 to 159.9 in 2009.

In 2009, ULC for the manufacturing sector grew by 0.7% compared to 10.0% in 2008.
(Table B 2.2) - 30 - Figure 3.4 – Unit Labour Cost - Manufacturing sector, 1999 to 2009 Labour productivity ULC Average Compensation of Employees 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 - 31 - 4.

INDICATORS FOR THE EXPORTS ORIENTED ENTERPRISES 4.1 Background The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up in the early seventies to encourage investment in the manufacturing sector.
When the first companies started operating in 1971, employment in this sector stood at around 650.

It peaked at around 90,000 in the nineties.

The number of persons employed by large EPZ establishments was 65,200 (51,200 Mauritians and 14,000 foreigners) in March 2006.

Following the repeal of various industrial enactments in the Finance Act 2006, all industrial certificates including the export certificate (EPZ) lapsed on 1 October 2006.
To have consistent data series on enterprises involved in manufacturing activities for export, in addition to enterprises previously holding an EPZ certificate, enterprises manufacturing goods for export and holding a registration certificate issued by the Board of Investment as from 1 October 2006 are also considered as “Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE)”.

At the end of March 2010 the number of persons employed by the EOE was 58,381 (40,286 Mauritians and 18,095 foreigners).
For year 2009, the share of the EOE sector in the economy was 6.9%.

The contribution of the textile and non-textile sub-sectors in the total output of the EOE sector was 67.7% and 32.3% respectively.
4.2 Output and inputs Figure 4.1 – Output and input trends – Export Oriented Enterprises, 1999 to 2009 Output Labour input Capital input 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year From 1999 to 2009, real output of the EOE sector declined at an average annual rate of 0.6%.
Within the sector, an average annual growth of 7.3% was observed in the non-textile establishments while a decline of 2.4% was registered in the textile establishments.

During the period 1999 to 2009, labour input in EOE sector registered an annual decrease of 4.2%.

In 2009, labour input declined further by 9.4% after a decline of 2.1% in 2008.

- 32 - From 1999 to 2009, an average annual increase of 3.0% was observed in capital input.
In 2009, the capital input index fell by 7.2% after a decline of 0.9% in 2008.
(Table B 3.1) 4.3 Productivity trends Figure 4.2 – Productivity trends – Export Oriented Enterprises, 1999 to 2009 Labour productivity Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Labour 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Figure 4.2 shows the trends in the labour, capital and multifactor productivity indices for the EOE sector for the years 1999 to 2009.
During that period, labour productivity grew at an average annual rate of 3.7% while capital productivity declined by 3.5%.

This is explained by an annual decline of 4.2% in the labour input and a growth of 3.0% in capital input along with a fall of 0.6% in real output during the period under review.

Multifactor productivity fell at an average annual rate of 0.8%.

(Table B 3.1).

In 2009, labour productivity in the EOE grew by 11.0% compared to 5.8% in 2008.
Capital and multifactor productivity witnessed increases of 8.3% and 8.9% respectively in 2009 compared to increases of 4.5% and 7.8% in 2008.
- 33 - 4.4 Trends in Unit Labour Cost Figure 4.3 – Unit Labour Cost – Export Oriented Enterprises, 1999 to 2009 Labour productivity Average compensation ULC 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Figure 4.3 shows the trend in unit labour cost (ULC) in the EOE sector for the period 1999 to 2009.
During the period 1999 to 2009 average compensation of employees in the EOE sector increased by an average annual rate of 8.9% and labour productivity by 3.7%.

The higher growth in average compensation of employees compared to labour productivity caused ULC to increase at an average annual rate of 5.0%.

In 2009, ULC increased by 4.8% compared to 3.4% in 2008.
(Table B 3.2) - 35 - 5. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5.1 General Competitiveness is the degree to which a nation can, under free and fair market conditions, produce goods and services that meet the rest of international markets while simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens.

Indicators commonly used are unit labour cost, real effective exchange rate and relative market shares.

Some of the competitiveness indicators have been computed and are presented in this report.
5.2 Trends in Unit Labour Cost (ULC) To compare changes in competitiveness, the impacts of exchange rate fluctuations have to be taken into account, since competitiveness of products depends upon changes in the prices of these products in the market.

Figure 5.1 below presents ULC in Mauritian Rupee and US Dollar for the period 1999 to 2009.

It clearly shows that ULC is highly associated with changes in exchange rates.
When a national currency appreciates against the US Dollar, more Dollars must be paid in exchange for each national currency unit.

On the other hand, when a national currency depreciates against US Dollar, less Dollars are paid in exchange for each national currency unit.
Figure 5.1-ULC index in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US dollar - Manufacturing sector, 1999 - 2009 ULC (MUR) ULC (US Dollar) Exchange rate 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 2 x e d n I 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year From 1999 to 2009, ULC in Mauritian Rupees grew by an average of 4.9% annually.

However, in Dollar terms, it increased at an annual rate of 2.4% following the 2.4% depreciation of the local currency against the US Dollar.
- 36 - 5.3 International comparison of ULC in the Manufacturing sector - 2008 An international comparison of growth in ULC in the manufacturing sector for the year 2008, in national currency and US Dollar is given in the table IV and figure 5.2 below.
Table IV: Manufacturing Unit Labour Cost of selected countries, 2008 Country National currency US $ USA France Germany 1.7 1.7 3.8 11.5 2.7 10.3 Italy UK Mauritius Taiwan Korea 6.2 14.1 0.8 -14.8 2.2 -5.3 10.0 21.7 1.7 6.0 Figure 5.2 – International comparison of ULC in Manufacturing – Growth rate (%), 2008 Source: U.S Bureau of Labour Statistics and Central Statistics Office Estimates It is observed that, in 2008, ULC in the manufacturing sector, expressed in national currency, grew in all the eight economies compared, the steepest growth being for Mauritius (10.0%) and Italy (6.2%).
Expressed in US Dollar, manufacturing unit labour cost declined in two countries, namely UK (-5.3%) and Korea (-14.8%).

Among the countries registering increases, Mauritius and Italy registered high increases of (+21.7%) and (+14.1%) respectively, explained by high appreciation of their currencies relative to the US Dollar in 2008.
- 37 - 5.4 Evolution of market share Evolution of market share of our products with our main trading partner countries is another indicator pertinent to the analysis of competitiveness.

A country exporting a particular product to another country maintains its share of the market if the growth of its share in the market for that product equals the rate at which the imports of the products grow in the importing country.
Table C.18 shows the evolution of our market share for five SITC1 groups, for 2006 to 2009 in some of our main importing countries.
Data for United Kingdom shows that the share of Mauritius for SITC group 8452 has remained almost the same (2.5%) from 2006 to 2009 whereas data for France indicates that Mauritius is losing its market for the same SITC since the figure has decreased from 2.4% in 2006 to 1.3% in 2009 1 SITC: Standard International Trade Classification 2 Articles of apparel of textile fabrics, whether or not knitted or crocheted, n.e.s Table A.1 - Real output by industry group, 2003 - 2009 Real output (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Growth rate (%) 2006 2005 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 91.3 98.7 93.3 93.9 89.0 90.3 99.9 Mining and quarrying 48.5 48.7 46.9 51.2 46.5 46.5 39.5 Manufacturing 101.9 102.5 96.9 100.7 103.0 106.3 107.4 1.9 1.0 0.0 8.1 -5.4 0.6 -5.2 1.5 10.6 0.4 -3.6 9.1 -9.1 0.0 -15.0 0.6 -5.5 4.0 2.2 3.2 1.1 Export Oriented Enterprises 92.2 86.0 75.4 78.9 85.2 88.2 88.7 -6.0 -6.8 -12.3 4.6 8.0 3.6 0.5 Electricity , gas and water supply 121.6 126.4 131.2 136.5 141.1 146.8 150.4 8.2 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.4 4.0 Construction 123.2 123.9 118.4 124.6 143.5 159.4 169.8 10.2 0.5 -4.4 5.2 15.2 11.1 2.5 6.5 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 107.8 113.9 120.3 126.9 132.6 138.7 140.5 1.2 5.7 5.6 5.5 4.5 4.6 1.3 Hotels and restaurants 107.5 110.0 116.2 120.3 137.1 140.8 133.4 Transport , storage and communications 125.3 135.4 145.8 156.6 168.7 178.8 187.7 3.0 6.6 Financial intermediation 108.1 112.8 118.9 127.2 136.7 151.5 158.9 11.7 2.4 8.1 4.3 5.6 7.7 5.4 3.5 14.0 2.7 -5.3 7.4 7.0 7.7 6.0 7.5 10.8 5.0 4.9 - 3 9 - Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 122.9 132.8 143.5 155.7 171.3 189.8 205.2 7.2 8.0 8.1 8.5 10.0 10.8 8.1 116.4 121.4 127.9 133.0 133.6 135.9 139.3 5.6 4.3 5.3 4.0 0.5 1.7 2.5 Education 115.6 123.0 130.5 135.9 139.3 144.0 146.8 Health and social work 122.8 131.4 139.6 150.6 157.5 164.8 174.8
 4.8 6.8 6.4 7.0 6.1 6.2 4.1 7.9 2.5 4.6 3.4 4.6 1.9 6.1 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 119.7 128.8 138.0 147.0 158.8 171.9 185.5 6.3 7.6 7.2 6.5 8.0 8.3 7.9 Total Economy 111.8 117.2 119.9 126.0 132.9 139.7 144.0 4.4 4.8 2.3 5.1 5.5 5.1 3.1 Table A.2 - Labour input by industry group, 2003 - 2009 Labour input (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Growth rate (%) 2006 2005 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 83.7 83.0 82.5 81.3 80.1 78.4 78.4 -1.6 -0.8 -0.6 -1.4 -1.5 -2.1 Mining and quarrying 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 15.4 15.4 15.4 -76.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -33.3 Manufacturing 93.0 88.2 84.5 85.1 86.3 87.0 81.5 -3.5 -5.2 -4.2 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 -6.2 Export oriented enterprises 89.1 79.7 72.9 72.4 73.6 72.0 65.3 -6.7 -10.5 -8.5 -0.8 1.7 -2.1 -9.4 Electricity , gas and water supply 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.3 103.3 -3.2 Construction 106.4 109.1 104.7 107.3 109.8 114.2 116.2 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 113.6 119.7 122.6 126.0 125.6 130.6 136.4 Hotels and restaurants 115.4 120.1 132.1 135.0 136.8 155.1 153.0 Transport , storage and communications 110.8 114.3 115.9 117.1 118.7 123.8 127.0 Financial intermediation 108.3 109.7 122.2 130.6 145.8 165.3 175.0 0.0 2.5 5.4 0.0 -4.1 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.3 2.4 2.7 -0.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 0.0 1.7 4.4 4.1 10.0 3.2 1.4 2.3 1.1 1.3 13.4 -1.4 1.4 4.3 1.3 11.4 6.8 11.7 13.3 - 4 0 - 2.6 5.9 3.7 5.5 3.4 2.3 5.4 5.7 Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 113.7 124.0 137.0 144.5 169.2 194.5 215.1 9.0 10.5 5.5 17.1 15.0 10.6 111.7 111.1 112.3 112.8 111.4 112.8 112.3 2.6 -0.5 Education 114.1 119.1 123.2 129.1 130.9 133.6 136.8 Health and social work 105.3 109.0 112.8 112.8 116.5 123.3 125.6 Other community, social and personal service activities and private
 households with employed persons 111.0 117.7 119.5 120.6 122.0 128.4 131.2 Total Economy 102.9 104.0 104.6 106.3 108.0 112.0 112.6 6.4 4.5 4.0 1.2 4.4 3.6 6.1 1.0 1.0 3.4 3.4 1.5 0.6 0.5 -1.3 1.3 -0.5 4.8 0.0 0.9 1.6 1.4 3.3 1.2 1.6 2.1 5.8 5.2 3.7 2.4 1.8 2.2 0.5 Table A.3 - Capital input by industry group, 2003 - 2009 Capital input (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Growth rate (%) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 105.5 111.5 124.2 139.8 151.3 163.0 162.6 2.8 5.6 11.4 12.6 8.2 7.8 -0.2 Mining and quarrying 106.5 351.3 312.1 423.9 1421.0 4837.6 4394.1 935.3 229.7 -11.2 35.8 235.3 240.4 -9.2 Manufacturing 109.5 114.7 118.9 118.9 128.8 132.6 135.4 1.5 4.8 3.7 -0.1 8.3 3.0 2.1 Export oriented enterprises 101.1 110.7 116.4 119.3 139.2 137.9 128.0 -2.0 9.5 5.2 2.5 16.7 -0.9 -7.2 Electricity , gas and water supply 106.3 108.3 113.1 118.7 119.6 116.5 116.3 Construction 87.3 91.5 93.5 99.5 116.4 135.6 155.8 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 120.3 125.4 130.6 135.8 147.6 160.3 168.4 2.4 1.4 5.6 1.8 4.8 4.3 4.5 2.1 4.1 4.9 0.8 -2.6 -0.2 6.4 17.0 16.5 14.9 4.0 8.7 8.6 5.1 - 4 1 - Hotels and restaurants 136.6 155.0 166.7 186.6 216.5 248.4 281.5 8.1 13.5 7.5 11.9 16.0 14.7 13.4 Transport , storage and communications 107.0 107.3 107.5 115.9 118.9 119.7 125.7 Financial intermediation Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 114.4 122.5 126.9 131.0 132.5 137.6 149.7 7.0 Education 135.0 148.1 161.9 168.9 175.7 188.6 201.1 13.7 Health and social work 127.0 139.3 144.9 150.8 159.7 180.5 217.0 8.8 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with
 employed persons 159.8 177.2 200.1 219.5 235.5 252.5 269.9 24.6 10.9 12.9 Total Economy Table A.4 - Labour productivity by industry group, 2003 - 2009 (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Labour Productivity Growth rate (%) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 109.0 118.8 113.1 115.4 111.1 115.2 127.4 3.6 9.0 -4.8 2.1 -3.8 3.7 10.6 Mining and quarrying 210.0 210.9 203.3 221.8 302.4 302.4 257.0 337.7 0.4 -3.6 9.1 36.4 0.0 -15.0 Manufacturing 109.6 116.3 114.6 118.4 119.3 122.2 131.7 3.6 6.1 -1.4 3.3 0.8 2.4 7.8 Export oriented enterprises 103.5 107.8 103.4 109.0 115.7 122.5 135.9 0.7 4.1 -4.1 5.4 6.2 5.8 11.0 Electricity , gas and water supply 121.6 126.4 131.2 136.5 141.1 142.0 145.6 11.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.4 Construction 115.8 113.5 113.1 116.1 130.7 139.6 146.1 6.3 -2.0 -0.3 2.6 12.6 0.6 6.8 2.5 4.7 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 94.9 95.2 98.1 100.8 105.6 106.2 103.0 -4.1 0.3 3.1 2.7 4.8 0.6 -3.0 - 4 2 - Hotels and restaurants 93.1 91.6 88.0 89.1 100.3 90.8 87.2 -0.4 -1.6 -4.0 1.2 12.6 -9.5 -4.0 Transport , storage and communications 113.1 118.5 125.9 133.7 142.1 144.4 147.8 Financial intermediation 99.8 102.8 97.3 97.4 93.8 91.7 90.8 4.2 6.0 4.8 6.2 6.2 6.3 1.7 2.4 3.0 -5.4 0.2 -3.8 -2.2 -0.9 Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 108.1 107.1 104.8 107.8 101.3 97.6 95.4 1.4 -1.0 -2.2 2.8 -6.0 -3.6 -2.2 104.2 109.3 113.9 117.9 120.0 120.5 124.1 2.9 4.8 4.2 3.5 1.8 0.4 3.0 Education 101.4 103.3 106.0 105.3 106.4 107.8 107.3 -1.5 Health and social work 116.7 120.5 123.7 133.5 135.2 133.6 139.2 2.2 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with
 employed persons 107.8 109.4 115.5 121.9 130.1 133.9 141.4 Total Economy 108.6 112.7 114.6 118.5 123.1 124.7 127.9 2.2 3.2 1.9 3.3 1.4 3.7 2.6 -0.7 1.1 1.3 -0.5 2.7 7.9 1.2 -1.1 4.2 5.6 1.7 5.6 3.4 6.7 3.8 2.9 1.4 5.6 2.6 Table A.5 - Capital productivity by industry group, 2003 - 2009 (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Capital Productivity Growth rate (%) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 86.5 88.5 75.1 67.1 58.8 55.4 61.4 -0.9 2.3 -15.1 -10.6 -12.4 -5.8 10.9 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing 45.5 13.9 15.0 12.1 3.3 1.0 0.9 -90.2 -69.5 8.5 -19.7 -72.9 -70.6 -6.4 93.0 89.3 81.4 84.8 80.0 80.1 79.3 -1.5 -4.0 -8.8 4.1 -5.7 0.2 -1.0 Export oriented enterprises 91.3 77.7 64.8 66.1 61.2 64.0 69.3 -4.0 -14.9 -16.6 2.0 -7.4 4.5 8.3 Electricity , gas and water supply 114.3 116.7 116.0 115.0 118.0 126.0 129.3 Construction 141.1 135.3 126.7 125.2 123.3 117.6 109.0 5.7 8.7 2.1 -0.6 -0.9 2.6 6.7 2.7 -4.1 -6.4 -1.1 -1.6 -4.6 -7.3 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 89.6 90.8 92.1 93.4 89.9 86.5 83.4 -4.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 -3.8 -3.7 -3.6 Hotels and restaurants 78.7 71.0 69.7 64.5 63.3 56.7 47.4 -4.7 -9.7 -1.8 -7.5 -1.7 -10.5 -16.5 - 4 3 - Transport , storage and communications 117.0 126.2 135.6 135.2 141.8 149.3 149.4 Financial intermediation 98.3 98.7 96.3 93.5 95.8 103.4 104.3 4.4 9.7 7.8 0.5 7.5 -0.3 -2.5 -2.9 4.9 2.4 5.3 7.9 0.0 0.9 Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 79.2 66.8 62.5 62.9 58.1 49.0 46.2 -19.6 -15.7 -6.4 0.6 -7.6 -15.7 -5.7 101.8 99.1 100.8 101.5 100.8 98.8 93.0 -1.3 -2.6 1.7 0.7 -0.7 -2.0 -5.8 Education 85.7 83.1 80.6 80.5 79.3 76.4 73.0 -7.8 -3.0 -3.0 -0.2 -1.5 -3.7 -4.4 Health and social work 96.7 94.3 96.3 99.9 98.6 91.3 80.5 -1.9 -2.5 2.1 3.7 -1.3 -7.4 -11.8 Other community, social and personal service activities and private
 households with employed persons 74.9 72.7 69.0 67.0 67.4 68.1 68.7 -14.7 -3.0 -5.1 -2.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 Total Economy 96.8 96.5 94.7 94.2 93.9 93.3 90.6 -0.7 -0.3 -1.9 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -2.9 Table A.6 - Multifactor productivity by industry group, 2003 - 2009 (Index 2000=100) Industry 2003 2004 2005 Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 2004 Multifactor Productivity Growth rate (%) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 94.4 97.8 86.5 80.4 72.6 69.9 77.0 1.0 3.5 -11.6 -7.0 -9.7 -3.7 10.1 Mining and quarrying 58.6 18.9 20.4 16.4 4.8 1.4 1.4 -55.0 -67.7 7.7 -19.8 -70.6 -70.4 -4.4 Manufacturing 99.2 98.3 92.3 94.3 90.8 91.5 92.8 0.4 -0.9 -6.1 2.2 -3.7 0.7 1.5 Export oriented enterprises 98.4 89.1 81.0 79.3 76.3 82.3 89.6 -1.0 -9.4 -9.1 -2.2 -3.7 7.8 8.9 Electricity , gas and water supply 115.7 119.0 120.2 120.2 123.8 129.2 132.3 Construction 127.4 123.6 119.6 120.6 126.6 126.9 123.5 6.9 7.4 2.8 1.0 -0.1 -3.0 -3.2 0.8 3.0 5.0 4.4 0.2 2.4 -2.7 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 97.0 99.0 101.1 103.1 101.8 100.6 99.7 -1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8 Hotels and restaurants 82.3 75.9 74.1 69.8 70.6 63.5 54.4 -3.6 -7.8 -2.4 -5.7 1.1 -10.1 -14.4 - 4 4 - Transport , storage and communications 115.5 123.2 131.8 134.6 141.9 147.4 148.8 Financial intermediation 98.6 99.7 96.5 94.4 95.3 100.5 100.9 4.3 8.9 6.7 1.1 6.9 2.2 -3.2 -2.2 5.4 1.0 3.9 5.4 0.9 0.4 88.7 78.5 74.3 75.1 69.6 60.5 57.9 -12.7 -11.4 -5.4 1.0 -7.3 -13.0 -4.2 Real estate , renting and business activities (excl owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education 96.4 96.9 97.5 96.7 96.6 96.4 95.3 -3.5 Health and social work 108.9 110.0 112.5 118.8 118.3 113.6 109.4 0.7 103.8 107.5 111.5 114.7 116.0 116.0 117.5 2.2 3.5 0.6 1.0 3.7 0.6 2.2 2.9 1.1 0.1 1.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 5.7 -0.4 -4.0 -3.7 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 86.6 85.3
 84.0 83.5 85.0 87.1 89.7 -8.7 -1.4 -1.5 -0.6 Total Economy 99.5 99.9 99.1 98.5 98.6 98.8 97.9 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -0.6 1.8 0.1 2.4 3.0 0.2 -0.9 Table A.7 - Economic productivity based on Gross Output by industry group, 2003 - 2009 Industry Productivity of Intermediate consumption (Z1) (Gross Output/Intermediate Consumption) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2003 Factor Productivity Measure of "Compensation of employees" (FPM comp.
based on GO) (Gross Output/Compensation of Employees) 2006 2004 2005 2007 2008 Total Productivity Measure (TPM) 2009 2003 (Gross Output/All Input Resources *) 2004 2007 2008 2006 2005 2009 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 3.221 3.295 3.124 3.105 3.072 2.962 2.992 3.571 3.870 3.769 3.734 3.678 3.778 3.851 1.679 1.762 1.688 1.672 1.649 1.633 1.650 Mining and quarrying 4.351 4.346 5.000 4.741 4.103 4.741 4.667 4.512 4.520 4.400 4.571 4.103 3.879 3.733 2.215 2.216 2.340 2.327 2.052 2.133 2.074 Manufacturing 1.569 1.569 1.570 1.567 1.575 1.608 1.633 6.297 6.495 6.351 6.971 6.866 6.670 6.456 1.252 1.260 1.255 1.277 1.278 1.293 1.300 Export oriented enterprises Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants 2.400 2.414 2.419 2.443 2.443 2.436 2.415 6.012 6.009 6.051 6.060 6.061 5.966 6.059 1.685 1.694 1.701 1.713 1.719 1.696 1.707 Transport, storage and communications 2.162 2.119 1.979 2.024 1.938 1.911 1.903 4.997 5.120 5.387 5.484 5.723 5.507 5.600 1.487 1.476 1.426 1.457 1.428 1.399 1.399 - 4 5 - 4.333 Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities excl (owner occupied dwellings) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 2.408
Education 9.017 9.088 8.230 7.867 7.881 7.990 7.817 1.568 1.539 1.574 1.612 1.628 1.605 1.566 1.335 1.316 1.321 1.338 1.349 1.337 1.305 Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons Total Economy 2.113 2.127 2.107 2.104 2.079 2.086 2.097 4.444 4.468 4.482 4.651 4.776 4.702 4.556 1.421 1.430 1.423 1.438 1.437 1.434 1.426 * All Input Resources= Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes Table A.8 - Economic productivity based on Value Added by industry group, 2003 - 2009 Industry Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Productivity of Intermediate consumption (Z2) (Value Added/Intermedaite Consumption) 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2003 2009 Factor Productivity Measure of "Compensation of employees" (FPM comp.
based on VA) (Value Added/Compensation fo Employees) 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2009 Overall Productivity Measure (OPM) (Value Added/All Input Resources 1) 2004 2007 2008 2006 2005 2003 2009 2.221 2.295 2.124 2.105 2.072 1.962 1.992 2.462 2.695 2.563 2.532 2.481 2.502 2.564 1.158 1.227 1.148 1.133 1.112 1.081 1.098 Mining and quarrying 3.351 3.346 4.000 3.741 3.103 3.741 3.667 3.475 3.480 3.520 3.607 3.103 3.061 2.933 1.706 1.706 1.872 1.836 1.552 1.683 1.630 Manufacturing 0.569 0.569 0.570 0.567 0.575 0.608 0.633 2.284 2.355 2.305 2.521 2.505 2.522 2.502 0.454 0.457 0.455 0.462 0.466 0.489 0.504 Export oriented enterprises 0.622 0.624 0.606 0.574 0.568 0.636 0.696 1.757 1.825 1.693 1.869 1.869 1.785 1.789 0.458 0.463 0.445 0.438 0.435 0.468 0.499 Electricity, gas and water supply 0.864 0.800 0.595 0.498 0.405 0.423 0.503 4.828 4.044 3.302 3.668 3.491 4.506 5.020 0.733 0.668 0.504 0.438 0.363 0.387 0.457 Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities excl (owner occupied dwellings) - 4 6 - 1.967 1.973 1.971 1.969 1.942 1.977 1.964 2.508 2.518 2.540 2.554 2.582 2.613 2.541 1.091 1.096 1.101 1.100 1.099 1.116 1.099 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 3.229 3.190 2.875 2.808 2.965 3.270 3.112 1.197 1.193 1.196 1.205 1.222 1.211 1.200 0.871 0.871 0.845 0.843 0.865 0.884 0.866 Education 8.017 8.088 7.230 6.867 6.881 6.990 6.817 1.394 1.370 1.383 1.407 1.421 1.404 1.366 1.187 1.172 1.161 1.168 1.178 1.169 1.138 Health and social work 3.667 3.290 3.897 3.639 3.103 3.486 3.163 1.525 1.526 1.544 1.580 1.624 1.612 1.599 1.077 1.042 1.106 1.101 1.066 1.102 1.062 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 3.705 3.687 3.712 3.703 3.732 3.538 3.238 2.262 2.260 2.251 2.271 2.327 2.254 2.198 1.383 1.381 1.384 1.386 1.413 1.359 1.294 Total Economy 1.113 1.127 1.107 1.104 1.079 1.086 1.097 2.341 2.368 2.354 2.440 2.478 2.448 2.383 0.748 0.758 0.747 0.754 0.746 0.747 0.746 1 All Input Resources= Intermediate Consumption + Compensation of Employees + Other Taxes B.
SERIES B 1 TOTAL ECONOMY Table B 1.1 - Productivity Trends - Total Economy, 1989 - 2009 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % -6.0 -2.7 -4.1 -1.2 -2.6 -3.2 0.2 0.1 -0.6 0.4 -4.6 4.0 0.3 -2.8 -0.7 -0.3 -1.9 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -2.9 93.4 93.8 92.7 93.8 93.4 93.0 94.2 95.6 96.2 97.6 95.2 100.0 100.5 99.0 99.5 99.9 99.1 98.5 98.6 98.8 97.9 - 4 7 - -2.5 0.4 -1.2 1.2 -0.5 -0.4 1.3 1.5 0.6 1.5 -2.5 5.0 0.5 -1.5 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -0.6 0.1 0.2 -0.9 Table B 1.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - Total Economy, 1989 - 2009 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % 34.1 38.8 44.5 48.9 54.3 61.8 66.3 72.6 76.9 85.1 91.7 100.0 106.8 114.3 125.0 135.4
- -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 4.9 -3.9 - - 4 8 - 7.9 7.2 6.6 6.1 5.7 6.4 4.2 5.3 4.8 3.9 6.0 5.0 3.3 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.2 2.0 5.7 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 B 2 - THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR Table B 2.1 - Productivity Trends - Manufacturing sector, 1989 - 2009 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % -2.4 0.0 0.6 - -0.8 -2.1 -0.9 -2.8 -3.5 -5.2 -4.2 0.7 1.4 0.8 -6.2 72.9 78.1 83.0 83.7 86.4 86.7 84.8 85.1 85.2 89.5 95.2 100.0 103.5 107.9 109.5 114.7 118.9 118.9 128.8 132.6 135.4
 13.5 7.3 6.2 0.8 3.3 0.4 -2.2 0.3 0.1 5.1 6.3 5.1 3.5 4.2 1.5 4.8 3.7 - -1.4 3.3 0.8 2.4 7.8 76.1 76.4 75.0 79.3 79.8 82.7 89.5 95.1 100.5 101.5 97.4 100.0 100.8 94.4 93.0 89.3 81.4 84.8 80.0 80.1 79.3 -7.6 0.4 -1.8 5.8 0.6 3.6 8.3 6.2 5.8 0.9 -4.0 2.7 0.8 -6.4 -1.5 -4.0 -8.8 4.1 -5.7 0.2 -1.0 68.0 70.3 70.8 75.1 76.8 79.6 85.2 90.4 94.1 95.5 94.5 100.0 102.5 98.8 99.2 98.3 92.3 94.3 90.8 91.5 92.8 - 4 9 - -2.4 3.5 0.7 6.1 2.2 3.6 7.1 6.0 4.1 1.5 -1.1 5.9 2.5 -3.6 0.4 -0.9 -6.1 2.2 -3.7 0.7 1.5 Table B 2.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - Manufacturing sector, 1989 - 2009 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % - -1.4 3.3 0.8 2.4 7.8 131.5 130.9 133.3 126.1 125.3 121.0 111.7 105.2 99.5 98.6 102.7 100.0 99.2 105.9 107.5 111.9 122.8 118.0 125.1 124.8 126.1 8.2 -0.4 1.8 -5.4 -0.6 -3.5 -7.6 -5.8 -5.5 -0.9 4.2 -2.6 -0.8 6.8 1.5 4.1 9.7 -3.9 6.0 -0.2 1.0 78.6 83.3 88.1 88.6 91.5 91.5 89.5 89.1 86.0 87.0 93.2 100.0 104.5 112.0 117.8 130.1 140.7 139.7 149.3 152.5 166.1 - 5 0 - 11.8 6.0 5.7 0.6 3.2
 0.0 -2.1 -0.5 -3.5 1.1 7.1 7.3 4.5 7.2 5.2 10.5 8.2 -0.7 6.8 2.2 8.9 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 B 3 - THE EXPORT ORIENTED ENTERPRISES (EOE sector) Table B 3.1 - Productivity Trends - EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % -6.0 -6.0 -6.8 -12.3 4.6 8.0 3.6 0.5 99.3 98.9 99.6 98.0 94.2 91.3 89.2 89.4 93.5 98.6 100.3 100.0 101.3 95.4 89.1 79.7 72.9 72.4 73.6 72.0 65.3 -1.1 -0.3 0.7 -1.6 -3.9 -3.0 -2.3 0.2 4.6 5.4 1.8 -0.3 1.3 -5.8 -6.7 -10.5 -8.5 -0.8 1.7 -2.1 -9.4 83.5 86.6 86.5 83.0 83.4 82.4 80.1 79.0 82.7 87.7 95.1 100.0 103.9 103.2 101.1 110.7 116.4 119.3 139.2 137.9 128.0 16.1 3.7 -0.1 -4.0 0.5 -1.2 -2.8 -1.3 4.6 6.1 8.4 5.2 3.9 -0.7 -2.0 9.5 5.2 2.5 16.7 -0.9 - -0.2 0.7 4.1 -4.1 5.4 6.2 5.8 11.0 63.6 65.6 69.0 76.2 80.3 84.8 91.6 99.4 100.7 101.4 99.2 100.0 100.5 95.1 91.3 77.7 64.8 66.1 61.2 64.0 69.3 -8.7 3.2 5.1 10.4 5.5 5.6 8.0 8.4 1.4 0.7 -2.2 0.8 0.5 -5.4 -4.0 -14.9 -16.6 2.0 -7.4 4.5 8.3 59.4 62.6 66.4 73.2 77.8 82.7 88.6 93.9 94.4 95.6 97.0 100.0 101.6 99.3 98.4 89.1 81.0 79.3 76.3 82.3 89.6 - 5 1 - -1.1 5.5 6.1 10.2 6.3 6.2 7.2 6.0 0.5 1.3 1.5 3.1 1.6 -2.3 -1.0 -9.4 -9.1 -2.2 -3.7 7.8 8.9 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Table B 3.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour
 Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % - -0.2 0.7 4.1 -4.1 5.4 6.2 5.8 11.0 157.2 152.4 144.9 131.3 124.5 117.9 109.1 100.6 99.3 98.6 100.8 100.0 99.5 105.2 109.6 128.7 154.4 151.3 163.4 156.3 144.3 9.5 -3.1 -4.9 -9.4 -5.2 -5.3 -7.4 -7.8 -1.3 -0.7 2.2 -0.8 -0.5 5.7 4.2 17.4 20.0 -2.0 8.0 -4.3 -7.7 84.1 87.5 86.8 84.7 88.6 90.3 89.8 88.4 88.4 89.0 94.8 100.0 102.5 108.1 113.5 138.8 159.6 164.8 189.1 191.5 196.2 - 5 2 - 17.3 4.1 -0.8 -2.4 4.6 1.8 -0.5 -1.6 0.0 0.7 6.5 5.5 2.5 5.5 4.9 22.3 15.0 3.3 14.7 1.2 2.5 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 B 4 - THE EOE TEXTILE SUBSECTOR Table B 4.1 - Productivity Trends - EOE textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Labour Productivity Growth rate % Index Capital Productivity Growth rate % Index Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % -7.6 -6.8 -9.0 -15.0 1.4 9.0 0.5 -4.0 100.9 100.4 101.2 99.5 95.2 91.4
 88.1 88.6 93.3 98.7 100.7 100.0 101.0 95.0 87.5 76.3 67.7 67.7 68.6 64.9 57.9 -2.5 -0.4 0.8 -1.7 -4.3 -4.0 -3.6 0.5 5.4 5.8 2.0 -0.7 1.0 -5.9 -7.9 -12.8 -11.3 0.0 1.3 -5.3 -10.9 83.6 86.6 86.5 83.1 83.5 82.5 80.2 79.1 82.7 87.8 95.1 100.0 104.1 103.3 101.3 111.1 117.2 120.1 140.5 139.7 130.0 15.9 3.7 -0.1 -3.9 0.5 -1.2 -2.8 -1.3 4.5 6.1 8.3 5.2 4.1 -0.7 -2.0 9.7 5.5 2.5 17.0 -0.6 - -1.8 1.2 4.3 -4.2 1.4 7.6 6.2 7.7 62.0 64.5 68.4 75.3 78.9 83.9 90.4 99.2 100.9 101.7 99.5 100.0 100.2 93.3 88.7 73.6 59.3 58.7 54.6 55.2 57.0 -8.7 4.2 5.9 10.1 4.8 6.4 7.7 9.8 1.7 0.7 -2.1 0.5 0.2 -7.0 -4.9 -17.0 -19.4 -1.1 -6.9 1.1 3.2 57.8 61.7 65.7 72.0 76.3 82.1 88.4 94.6 94.9 95.9 96.7 100.0 100.9 97.7 98.4 89.6 80.7 76.8 74.9 83.3 87.0 - 5 3 - -0.2 6.7 6.6 9.5 6.0 7.6 7.7 7.0 0.3 1.1 0.8 3.4 0.9 -3.2 0.7 -8.9 -9.9 -4.9 -2.4 11.1 4.5 Table B 4.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % 28.1 33.7 39.7 49.4 53.7 61.3 68.3 74.3 73.8 81.0 91.1 100.0 106.3 118.5 135.5 151.2 161.1 161.4 179.8 196.4 226.2 14.7 20.0 17.8 24.5 8.8 14.2 11.4 8.7 - -1.2 4.3 2.6 0.9 -1.4 8.6 8.3 3.1 2.9 13.4 13.1 6.9 11.2 - -1.8 1.2 4.3 -4.2 1.4 7.6 6.2 7.7 161.4 155.0 146.3 132.8 126.8 119.1 110.6 100.8
 99.1 98.3 100.5 100.0 99.8 107.2 112.7 135.9 168.6 170.4 183.0 181.0 175.4 9.6 -4.0 -5.6 -9.2 -4.6 -6.0 -7.2 -8.9 -1.7 -0.7 2.2 -0.5 -0.2 7.5 5.1 20.5 24.1 1.1 7.4 -1.1 -3.1 82.8 86.3 85.5 83.5 87.7 90.3 91.0 89.4 88.7 88.9 94.4 100.0 103.1 108.8 115.7 145.5 173.0 177.4 205.0 215.3 224.6 - 5 4 - 18.9 4.1 -0.9 -2.3 5.0 2.9 0.8 -1.8 -0.8 0.3 6.2 5.9 3.1 5.6 6.4 25.8 18.9 2.5 15.5 5.0 4.4 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 B 5 - THE EOE NON - TEXTILE SUBSECTOR Table B 5.1 - Productivity Trends - EOE non-textile subsector, 1989 - 2009 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Real Output Labour Input Capital Input Labour Productivity Capital Productivity Multifactor Productivity Index Growth rate % 64.0 64.2 64.2 69.0 77.2 75.9 81.6 79.2 81.5 87.1 92.3 100.0 105.0 111.3 110.5 118.3 121.5 142.7 149.7 169.6 187.2 8.3 0.4 0.0 7.5 11.8 -1.7 7.6 -3.0 2.9 6.9 6.0 8.3 5.0 6.0 -0.7 7.0 2.7 17.5 4.9 13.3 10.4 Index 87.5 87.9 87.5 86.5 86.1 90.5 97.2 95.9 95.4 97.3 97.0 100.0 104.1 98.8 101.1 105.4 112.2 107.6 111.4 125.6 120.7 Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % 13.8 0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 5.1 7.3 -1.3 -0.5 1.9 -0.2 3.1 4.1 -5.1 2.3 4.3 6.4 -4.0 3.5 12.7 -3.9 83.0 86.1 86.0 82.3 82.9 81.7 79.4 78.5 82.3 87.6 95.0 100.0 102.9 102.4 100.0 108.3 111.8 114.7 131.0 127.1 115.9 17.0 3.8 -0.2 -4.2 0.7 -1.4 -2.9 -1.1 4.9 6.5 8.4 5.3 2.9 -0.6 -2.3 8.3 3.3 2.6 14.1 -2.9 -8.8 73.1 73.1 73.4 79.8 89.6 83.8 84.0 82.5 85.4 89.6 95.2 100.0 100.8 112.6 109.4 112.2 108.3 132.6 134.3 135.0 155.1 -4.8 -0.1 0.5 8.7 12.3 -6.5 0.3 -1.7 3.5 4.9 6.3 5.1 0.8 11.7 -2.9 2.6 -3.5 22.4 1.3 0.5 14.9 77.0 74.5 74.7 83.9 93.1 92.9 102.9 100.9 99.0 99.4 97.2 100.0 102.0 108.7 110.5 109.2 108.6 124.4 114.3 133.4 161.5 -7.4 -3.2 0.2 12.3 11.0 -0.3 10.8 -1.9 -1.9 0.4 -2.2 2.9 2.0 6.6 1.6 -1.2 -0.6 14.5 -8.1 16.7 21.1
 69.3 67.6 69.5 80.5 88.9 86.4 90.5 89.2 90.4 92.9 101.4 100.0 109.3 110.6 97.2 91.1 94.9 107.0 100.7 113.3 137.0 - 5 5 - -4.4 -2.5 2.8 15.9 10.3 -2.7 4.7 -1.4 1.3 2.8 9.2 -1.4 9.3 1.2 -12.1 -6.3 4.1 12.8 -5.9 12.5 20.8 Table B 5.2 - Unit Labour Cost, Capital-Output Ratio, Capital-Labour Ratio - EOE non-textile subsector, 1989 to 2009 Average Compensation of employees Unit Labour Cost Labour Productivity Capital Output Ratio Capital Labour Ratio Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % Index Growth rate % 29.9 34.3 39.3 39.6 49.8 53.6 57.7 56.4 68.1 78.3 104.4 100.0 119.7 119.1 80.9 65.7 91.7 112.4 129.5 145.5 176.6 0.3 14.6 14.7 0.7 25.8 7.6 7.7 -2.2 20.7 15.1 33.3 -4.2 19.7 -0.5 -32.1 - -7.4 12.1 15.0 7.4 -0.4 16.6 9.7 25.5 -8.8 18.8 -10.9 -30.0 -20.9 44.8 0.1 13.7 11.8 5.7 73.1 73.1 73.4 79.8 89.6 83.8 84.0 82.5 85.4 89.6 95.2 100.0 100.8 112.6 109.4 112.2 108.3 132.6 134.3 135.0 155.1 -4.8 -0.1 0.5 8.7 12.3 -6.5 0.3 -1.7 3.5 4.9 6.3 5.1 0.8 11.7 -2.9 2.6 -3.5 22.4 1.3 0.5 14.9 129.8 134.1 133.8 119.2 107.4 107.7 97.2 99.1 101.0 100.6 102.9 100.0 98.0 92.0 90.5 91.5 92.1 80.4 87.5 75.0 61.9 8.0 3.3 -0.2 -10.9 -9.9 0.3 -9.7 1.9 1.9 -0.4 2.3 -2.8 -2.0 -6.2 -1.6 1.2 0.6 -12.6 8.8 -14.3 -17.4 94.9 98.0 98.3 95.2 96.3 90.2 81.7 81.8 86.3 90.1 97.9 100.0 98.9 103.6 98.9 102.7 99.7 106.6 117.5 101.2 96.0 - 5 6 - 2.8 3.2 0.3 -3.2 1.1 -6.2 -9.5 0.2 5.5 4.4 8.7 2.2 -1.1 4.8 -4.5 3.8 -2.9 7.0 10.3 -13.9 -5.1 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Table C.1 - Labour force, employment and unemployment, 1989 - 2009 C. PRODUCTIVITY RELATED INDICATORS Labour force Employment (including foreign workers) Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mauritian
 Foreign workers 421.4 432.0 439.2 448.8 457.0 467.5 475.0 482.3 490.8 499.4 506.6 503.0 510.3 513.0 3 520.9 531.3 542.5 548.4 548.9 559.4 566.3 - 1.0 2.2 4.1 6.9 8.3 9.8 8.2 8.6 10.0 12.9 14.6 16.5 17.0 18.2 17.5 16.6 16.7 21.6 24.0 21.0 Total 421.4 433.0 441.4 452.9 463.9 475.8 484.8 490.5 499.4 509.4 519.5 517.6 526.8 530.0 539.1 548.8 559.1 565.1 570.5 583.4 587.3 Large establishments1 Number 275.4 284.5 289.0 291.0 290.5 292.7 289.2 286.8 287.8 294.7 297.4 298.7 302.0 297.2 296.9 293.3 292.2 295.1 302.0 311.6 306.0 % 67.8 67.6 67.3 66.5 65.1 64.4 62.8 62.0 61.6 62.0 61.9 61.6 61.4 60.3 59.5 58.2 57.6 57.3 57.7 57.4 56.1 Other than large establishments % 32.2 32.4 32.7 33.5 34.9 35.6 37.2 38.0 38.4 38.0 38.1 38.4 38.6 39.7 40.5 41.8 42.4 42.7 42.3 42.6 43.9 Number 130.6 136.3 140.4 146.9 155.4 162.1 171.3 175.8 179.4 180.3 183.1 186.2 190.1 196.0 202.1 210.9 215.0 220.2 221.7 231.4 239.8 1 Employing 10 or more persons 2 Unemployment as a percentage of Mauritian labour force 3 The low increase results from the implementation of the Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) in the sugar industry.
(Thousand) Unemployment Total Number Rate2 - 5 7 - % 3.7 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.6 6.9 7.7 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.7 8.4 9.6 9.1 8.5 7.2 7.3 Table C.2 - Employment in large1 establishments by sex and industrial group, March 2006 - March 2009 Both sexes Industrial group March 2006 March 2007 March 2008 March 2009 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food Textiles Other Electricity, gas and water Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities Public administration and defence;compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons Total Export Oriented Enterprises 1 employing 10 or more persons - 5 8 - 293,896 65,240 299,361 66,138 307,510 66,782 298,513 57,107 Table C.3 - Average monthly earnings1 in large2 establishments by industrial group, March 2006 - March 2009 (Rupees) Industrial group March 2006 March 2007 March 20083 March 2009 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food Textiles
 Other Electricity, gas and water Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles,motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities Public administration and defence;compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community,social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons Export Oriented Enterprises All Sectors - 5 9 - 1 earnings of daily, hourly and piece rate workers have been converted to a monthly basis and included in this table 2 employing 10 or more persons 3 Revised Table C.4 - Index of average monthly earnings by industry ( large establishments), March 2006 - March 2009 (Base March 2000 = 100) Industrial group March 2006 March 2007 March 2008 March 2009 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Mining and quarrying Manufacturing EOE products Electricity, gas and water Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles,motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities Public administration and defence;compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons All sectors 152 149
with employed persons All sectors - 6 0 - 190 174 177 181 184 195 189 172 180 176 196 163 217 198 208 179 206 Table C.5 - Inflation, real monthly earnings and labour productivity (EOE sector) 1989 - 2009 Inflation Average monthly nominal earnings Average monthly real earnings* Labour Productivity Year C.P.I.
rate (%) Earnings (Rupees) * Deflated by the Consumer Price Index Index 31.8 39.3 47.2 55.4 62.4 69.5 74.1 79.1 85.3 91.1 94.7 100.0 108.1 113.5 121.5 132.2 141.1 150.5 159.5 167.1 186.1 Growth rate ( % ) 18.6 23.5 20.2 17.3 12.6 11.4 6.6 6.8 7.8 6.9 3.9 5.6 8.1 5.0 7.1 8.8 6.7 6.7 6.0 4.8 11.4 Index 68.7 74.6 83.9 94.0 95.8 99.5 100.1 100.3 101.4 101.5 98.7 100.0 102.6 101.3 104.3 108.4 110.3 108.0 105.1 100.4 109.1 Growth rate ( % ) 5.3 8.7 12.3 12.2 1.9 3.9 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.1 -2.8 1.4 2.6 -1.3 3.0 3.9 1.7 -2.1 -2.6 -4.5 8.7 - 6 1 - Index 53.5 57.4 59.9 64.5 71.2 76.6 82.3 87.8 89.0 90.3 94.1 100.0 103.0 102.8 103.5 107.8 103.4 109.0 115.7 122.5 135.9 Growth rate ( % ) 7.1 7.4 4.3 7.7 10.3 7.5 7.5 6.7 1.3 1.5 4.2 6.3 3.0 -0.2 0.7 4.1 -4.1 5.4 6.2 5.8 11.0 Industry 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 Table C.6 - Gross Domestic Product by industry group at current basic prices, 1999 - - - - - - - - - - 7,328 3,741 3,587 163 24,701 840 8,727 4,508 4,219 84 29,581 1,359 6,414 12,330 9,478 3,409 8,269 7,909 3,913 3,996 81 28,227 1,270 5,222 12,890 8,845 3,012 7,168 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food exc sugar Textiles Other Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Repair of motor vehicles,
 motorcycles, personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport , storage and communication Financial intermediation Insurance Banks Other Real estate, renting and business activities Owner occupied dwellings Other Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons FISIM Gross Domestic Product at basic prices Consumption of fixed capital Net Domestic Product at basic prices Manufacturing industries previously operating with an EPZ certificate 1 / revised estimates 2 / provisional estimates Note: From 1999 to 2001, within manufacturing sector, figures are not available for food exc sugar, textiles and other -4,416 -5,711 - -6,712 125,425 19,115 106,310 - (R million) - 6 2 - 11,296 19,682 14,875 4,200 8,990 1,685 14,679 7,247 7,432 12,423 20,447
-7,818 152,425 22,516 129,909 -8,991 162,171 24,918 137,253 -10,117 182,009 27,833 154,176 -11,528 206,971 31,717 175,226 -14,000 -16,052 233,509 243,757 37,117 198,958 206,640 34,695 13,140 12,108 13,694 15,584 15,945 16,826 Table C.7 - Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and per worker, 1999 - 2009 Gross Domestic Product (at current basic prices) Per Capita1 Per Worker (Rupees Million) (Rupees) U.S.$ (Rupees) U.S.$ - 6 3 - Year 1999 2000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 1 The per capita GDP has been calculated using mid year population Table C.8 - Gross Domestic Product - sectoral real growth rates (% over previous year), 1999 - 2009 Industry Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food exc sugar Textiles Other Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Other Hotels and restaurants Transport , storage and communications Financial intermediation Insurance Banks Other
 Real estate, renting and business activities Owner occupied dwellings Other 2000 1999 -25.5 +33.8 -43.9 +64.5 +1.6 +0.7 +2.0 +11.2 +2.1 +7.9 -45.0 +64.5 - - - +12.9 +9.1 - - - +8.6 +8.9 2001 +7.0 +9.9 +4.0 -5.9 +4.4 +9.9 - - - +10.7 +5.2 2002 -16.3 -25.0 -6.1 -49.0 -2.4 -25.0 - - - +1.5 +6.3 2003 +1.9 +3.7 +0.1 +1.0 +0.0 +3.7 +17.5 -6.9 -0.7 +8.2 +10.2 2004 +8.1 +10.6 +5.4 +0.4 +0.6 +10.6 +4.4 -7.2 +6.6 +4.0 +0.5 +6.1 +2.2 +3.2 +3.2 +1.2 +5.7 +6.0 +7.7 +3.9 +6.3 +13.4 +6.0 +18.7 +6.3 +5.6 +4.4 +7.1 +2.0 +8.2 +12.2 +13.3 +22.0 +5.0 +31.9 +8.4 +7.3 +6.1 +8.6 +3.0 +8.2 +1.2 +9.1 -8.5 +5.0 -15.0 +5.4 +7.7 +6.7 +8.7 +3.0 +8.3 +3.1 +7.7 +5.8 +5.0 +3.6 +22.6 +5.9 +6.3 +5.5 +6.1 +6.1 +9.0 +0.8 +8.3 +3.0 +6.6 +11.7 +5.0 +14.2 +15.2 +6.6 +5.9 +7.2 +5.6 +4.8 +6.8 +5.5 +8.5 +2.4 +8.1 +4.3 +5.0 +2.0 +15.9 +6.7 +5.3 +8.0 +4.3 +6.4 +7.0 2005 -5.4 -9.2 -1.1 -3.6 -5.5 -9.2 +2.1 -14.7 +0.4 +3.8 -4.4 +5.6 +5.5 +8.0 +5.6 +7.7 +5.4 +5.0 +4.8 +9.5 +6.5 +4.8 +8.1 +5.3 +6.1 +6.2 2006 +0.6 -2.9 +4.5 +9.1 +4.0 -2.9 +9.6 +2.9 +1.8 +4.0 +5.2 2007 -5.2 -13.6 +3.4 -9.1 +2.2 -13.6 +4.0 +8.5 -3.1 +3.4 +15.2 20081 +1.5 +3.7 -0.4 +0.0 +3.2 +3.7 +7.5 +0.0 +2.4 +4.0 +11.1 +5.5 +4.5 +4.6 +5.4 +7.0 +3.5 +7.4 +7.0 +5.0 +7.1 +11.0 +6.5 +4.4 +8.5 +4.0 +4.1 +7.9 +4.4 +6.7 +14.0 +7.7 +7.5 +5.1 +7.9 +11.2 +7.6 +4.9 +10.0 +0.5 +2.5 +4.6 +4.5 +7.0 +2.7 +6.0 +10.8 +5.0 +14.0 +7.0 +7.6 +4.0 +10.8 +1.7 +3.4 +4.6 20092 +10.6 +15.0 +7.3 -15.0 +1.1 +15 +4.0 -2.9 0.0 +2.5 +6.5 +1.3 +1.0 +6.7 -5.3 +4.9 +4.9 +4.0 +5.2 +5.6 +5.9 +3.2 +8.1 +2.5 +1.9 +6.1 - 6 4 - +3.9 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security +3.9 +4.4 Education Health and social work +6.1 +7.3 +8.8 +6.0 +4.0 +5.5 Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons +7.4 +6.1 +5.7 +6.5 +6.3 +7.6 +7.2 +6.5 +8.0 +8.3 +7.9 FISIM Gross Domestic Product at basic prices Gross Domestic Product at basic prices excluding sugar +20.0 +27.2 -14.9 +2.1 +5.7 +9.7 +7.9 +5.2 +4.9 +9.6 +1.8 +3.3 +7.6 +4.4
 +4.5 -0.4 +4.8 +4.6 +7.3 +2.3 +2.8 +6.9 +5.1 +5.4 Manufacturing industries previously operating with an EPZ certificate 1 / revised estimates Note: From 1999 to 2001, within manufacturing sector, figures are not available for food exc sugar, textiles and other 2 / provisional estimates +6.0 +4.4 +6.0 -6.0 -6.0 -6.8 -12.3 +4.6 +7.5 +5.5 +6.3 +8.0 +10.4 +5.1 +5.2 +3.6 +5.3 +3.1 +2.8 +0.5 Table C.9 - Compensation of employees by industry group at current prices, 2007 - 2009 Industry Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food exc sugar Textiles Other Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods 2007 4,060 2,250 1,810 31 16,396 617 2,679 7,397 5,703 1,051 6,129 7,680 Wholesale and retail trade Other Hotels and restaurants Transport , storage and communications Financial intermediation Insurance Banks Other Real estate, renting and business activities Other Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 7,241 439 5,452 8,853 4,836 1,026 2,800 1,010 4,624 4,624 10,371 6,409 4,201 3,429 TOTAL (R million) 2009 2 4,070 1,970 2,100 30 18,948 470 3,537 7,856 7,085 1,213 7,985 9,500 9,000 500 5,000 9,860 6,575 1,225 4,000 1,350 6,382 6,382 13,727 8,371 5,714 4,906 102,281 - 6 5 - 1 revised estimates 2 provisional estimates Table C.10 - Compensation of employees as a percentage of value added by industry group, 2007 - 2009 Industry 2007 20081 20092 40.3 48.7 33.2 32.3 39.9 43.3 21.8 55.1 41.0 28.7 46.6 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Sugarcane Other Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Sugar Food
 exc sugar Textiles Other Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Other Hotels and restaurants Transport , storage and communications Financial intermediation Insurance Banks Other (mainly banking including offshore) Real estate, renting and business activities Other Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons - 6 6 - 32.8 26.0 28.2 37.6 23.1 17.8 21.8 41.8 22.0 39.4 83.3 73.2 62.5 44.4 45.5 1 Revised 2 Provisional TOTAL 38.2 38.5 39.4 Table C.11 - Compensation of employees by industry group at current basic prices for General Government, 2007 - 2009 Industry group Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Manufacturing Construction Transport , storage and communications Real estate, renting and business activities 2007 1,007 50 392 84 64 2008 1,085 56 397 100 73 (R million) 2009 1 1158 61 396 111 85 - 6 7 - Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 10,371 12,075 14,306 Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 3,856 3,560 47 4,611 4,168 60 5,520 5,104 67 General Government 19,431 22,625 26,808 Table C.12 - Value added by industry group at current basic prices for General Government, 2007 - 2009 Industry group Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Manufacturing Construction Transport , storage and communications Real estate, renting and business activities 2007 1,122 50 392 210 64 2008 1 1,211 56 397 230 73 (R million)
 2009 2 1,290 61 408 242 82 - 6 8 - Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 12,674 14,618 16,477 Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons 4,383 3,776 47 5,181 4,394 60 5,850 5,134 64 General Government 22,718 26,220 29,608 1 / revised estimates 2 provisional estimates Table C.13 - Composition of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation at current prices by type and use, 1999 - 2009 I - BY TYPE OF CAPITAL GOODS A.
Building & Construction Work Residential Building Non - Residential Building Other Construction Work B.
Machinery & Equipment Passenger Car Other Transport Equipment Other Transport Equipment (excluding aircraft & marine vessels) Other Machinery and equipment Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation GDFCF(excluding aircraft and marine vessel) II- BY INDUSTRIAL USE Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Restaurants and hotels Transport , storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate , renting and business activities Owner occupied dwellings Other Public administration and defence;compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation GDFCF as a % of GDP at market prices 1 / provisional estimates (R million) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 13,744 5,514 5,180 3,050 15,713 1,310 4,107 1,407 10,296 29,457 26,757 858 - 4,208 2,624 534 15,341 6,368 5,643 3,330 12,254 1,316 1,476 1,476 9,462 27,595 27,595 677 - 4,162 1,921 572 16,704 7,099 5,831 3,774 13,277 1,332 3,181 1,636 8,764 29,981 28,436 650 - 4,126 1,595 481 18,400 6,955 7,074 4,371 12,675 1,601 1,688 1,323 9,386 31,075 30,710 832 - - 16,029
22,016 10,262 24,521 2,864 5,628 2,228 16,029 71,848 68,448 1,765 - 6,612 1,873 1,939 - 6 9 - Table C.14 - Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation, Annual real growth rates (%) by type and use, 1999 - 2009 I - By type of capital goods A.
Building & construction work Residential building Non-residential building Other construction work B.
Machinery and equipment Passenger car Other transport equipment Other transport equipment(excluding aircraft & marine vessel) Other machinery and equipment Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation GDFCF (excluding aircraft & marine vessel) II - By Industrial use Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity , gas and water supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade ; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods Wholesale and retail trade Restaurants and hotels Transport , storage and communications Financial intermediation Real estate , renting and business activities Owner occupied dwellings Other Public administration and defence;compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other community, social and personal service activities and private households with employed persons Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation 1 Revised estimates 2 Provisional estimates 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 20092 +10.0 +1.3 +33.4 -3.7 +37.9 -2.7 +191.1 -0.3 +18.4 +23.1 +11.6 +5.0 - +8.5 +12.7 -1.9 +10.1 +13.9 +7.4 +7.7 -24.3 -2.5 -65.1 +1.9 -10.8 -8.3 +1.0 -22.9 - -3.7 -28.4 +4.0 +4.9 +7.4 -0.4 +9.2 +4.4 -2.2 +108.2 +7.1 -10.9 +4.7 -0.8 -7.5 - -4.6 -20.1 -19.1 +5.2 -6.4 +15.9 +10.6 -6.8 +19.0 -47.5 -19.9 +4.0 -0.1 +4.0 +24.1 - +6.2 -12.5 -71.5 +12.9 +4.6 +7.6 +34.5 +6.5 +12.2 +66.5 +32.3 -5.2 +10.3 +8.1 -0.3 -2.3 +20.1 -24.2 +6.2 +39.5 -40.3 -16.3 +14.0 +2.2 +4.8 +10.8 - -11.9 +19.7 +323.6 +33.8 +150.8 +26.5 -4.8 +19.5 -5.3 -10.5 -12.1 +16.8 +3.4 -14.1 +2.8 +10.1 +7.7 -1.9 -1.6 +56.9 -100.0 -1.8 +45.8 -10.6 +6.7 +10.3 +3.9 +6.3 +36.9 +4.2 +296.5 +8.1 +3.1 +16.9 +5.5 +49.2 -17.4 -1.0 +29.9 -38.2 +19.1 +14.6 +19.0 +8.6 +5.5 +17.0 +13.4 +18.7 +12.2 +8.1 -10.4 +6.2 -41.9 -6.4 -4.2 +3.6 +7.2 +7.6 +7.8 -0.8 +30.8 +12.3 -23.1 +90.1 -5.0 +5.8 +9.1 +5.0 +16.8 - -18.2 +11.0 +27.1 +3.4 -17.0 +619.0 +213.2 -19.3 +63.1 -59.9 -39.4 +11.0 +57.5 -35.3 -100.0 -4.5 +116.2 +3.3 - 7 0 - +12.6 +11.1 -4.2 +11.0 -3.7 -3.7 +3.4 +3.7 +48.2 +8.2 -15.8
 +11.8 +71.3 +86.7 -6.6 +2.8 +1.3 +15.3 +37.7 -15.7 -26.3 +13.8 -3.6 -41.3 -15.2 +13.6 +13.9 +11.8 -2.7 +8.5 +41.8 -6.5 +2.7 +41.3 +21.1 +2.8 +7.4 -30.4 -13.6 +1.6 -6.8 -4.3 -4.1 +13.4 +52.2 -20.2 +24.9 -30.3 +24.5 -32.7 +15.8 -18.0 +34.8 +0.6 +16.7 -4.7 -6.4 -2.3 +4.6 +15.2 +128.3 +13.2 +9.5 +24.4 +41.3 -10.6 +14.3 +94.3 +15.2 -7.6 +76.5 +3.9 -24.5 +5.6 +32.8 -11.5 -10.5 -15.5 -26.0 +6.1 -25.9 +4.1 +46.8 +123.2 +17.5 +4.1 +10.3 -21.0 -1.0 -29.1 +2.8 +42.7 +39.2 -23.2 -19.9 +16.5 +5.5 +79.6 -21.6 +1.4 +20.9 +8.3 +8.0 -25.4 -15.2 +30.0 +18.7 +69.2 +42.1 +43.1 +62.5 -30.5 +152.4 +11.8 +7.8 +77.1 -34.6 +25.2 -8.3 -9.2 +7.7 +23.1 -8.3 +4.7 -0.1 +10.3 +2.2 -1.9 +19.0 +8.6 +3.6 -13.6 +6.3 +58.3 +16.6 -1.2 +7.8 -24.3 +62.9 +2.1 +43.9 +5.2 +9.1 Table C.15 - Exports and imports of goods and services, 1989 - 2009 Imports of goods and GDP Market services (Rs Mn) Prices (Rs Mn) services (Rs Mn) ( c) 33,274 (b) 23,801 Net exports goods and -2,438 (a - b) Net exports Net exports to Exports (a - b)/a% (a - b)/c% to GDP -11.4 28,458 39,440 -2,839 -11.1 29,535 44,717 31,386 50,180 -1,674 -1,627 -6.0 -5.5 37,021 57,592 -3,478 -10.4 41,833 63,906 -5,584 -15.4 42,908 70,246 -1,703 51,010 79,365 -545 58,498 88,175 -4,304 66,543 100,042 -832 72,861 108,076 -3,762 74,513 120,291 82,636 132,146 83,964 142,485 86,694 157,394 -672 7,827 4,337 2,020 -4.1 -1.1 -7.9 -1.3 -5.4 -0.9 8.7 4.9 2.3 Exports of goods and services (Rs Mn) (a) 21,363 25,619 27,861 29,759 33,543 36,249 41,205 50,465 54,194 65,711 69,099 73,841 90,463 88,301 88,714 94,859 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 2009 2 99,024 175,597 -4,165 -4.4 -2.4 193,883 110,940 122,067 185,348 -11,127 -10.0 -6.0 233,007 127,128 150,429 206,328 -23,301 -18.3 -11.3 277,557 138,459 162,612 235,520 -24,153 -17.4 -10.3 301,071 140,166 179,108 264,710 -38,942 -27.8 -14.7 319,274 1 / revised estimates 132,980 162,156 2 / provisional estimates 274,496 -29,176 -21.9 -10.6
 295,136 Total Trade (Rs Mn) (a + b) 45,164 54,077 57,396 61,145 70,564 78,082 84,113 -7.3 -7.2 -3.7 -3.2 -6.0 -8.7 -2.4 -0.7 101,475 -4.9 112,692 -0.8 132,254 -3.5 141,960 -0.6 148,354 5.9 173,099 3.0 172,265 1.3 175,408 Total trade as a % of GDP (a + b)/c% 135.7 137.1 128.4 121.9 122.5 122.2 119.7 127.9 127.8 - 7 1 - 132.2 131.4 123.3 131.0 120.9 111.4 110.4 125.7 134.5 127.8 120.6 107.5 Table C.16 - Export & Import Price Indices and Terms of Trade, 2005 - 2009 Export Price Import Price (Reference Year 2003 = 100) Terms of trade (A/B) Index (A) Annual change (%) Index (B) Annual change (%) 113.4 120.7 127.1 123.5 123.4 5.7 6.4 5.3 -2.8 -0.1 128.8 145.1 153.6 168.3 159.6 15.9 12.7 5.9 9.6 -5.2 88 83 83 73 77 - 7 2 - Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Prior to 2005, terms of trade was computed using Export Unit Value Index and Import Unit Value Index.
The IPI provides an overall measure of pure price changes (in Mauritian Rupees) of goods imported into the country.

The Export Price Index (EPI) provides an overall measure of pure price changes (in MauritianRupees) of domestically produced goods exported to other countries.
Table C.17 - Export and import of goods by the EPZ/EOE sector, 1989 - 2009 Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 2009 2 1 / revised estimates Exports of goods (Rs Mn) (a) Imports of goods (Rs Mn) (b) Value Added (Rs Mn) ( c) Net exports of goods (Rs Mn) (a - b) Net exports to Exports (a - b)/a% Net exports to Value Added (a - b)/c% / provisional estimates - 7 3 - 114.5 116.3 121.2 116.0 120.5 113.0 111.0 106.5 107.8 93.5 105.5 Table C.18 - Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group, 2006 - 2009 SITC GROUP 841 : Men's or boys coats, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics not knitted or crocheted.
Country Total Imports (000 US $) United Kingdom 3,559,994 3,015,012 France 14,229,886 USA 5,380,660 Germany 3,089,237 Italy 2006 of which from Mauritius 35,571 18,492 77,879 5,765 1,940 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.0 3,960,758 0.6 3,376,564 0.5 14,145,906 0.1 5,899,206 0.1 3,267,067 2007 of which from Mauritius 37,906 19,912 80,304 14,697 4,092 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.0 3,870,836 0.6 3,802,101 0.6 13,355,959 0.2 6,546,448 0.1 3,423,911 2008 1 of which from Mauritius 26,470 19,141 78,670 11,220 6,169 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.7 3,442,420 0.5 3,322,702 0.6 11,402,232 0.2 5,765,161 0.2 2,995,008 2009 2 of which from Mauritius 21,325 13,950 74,721 7,387 6,226 Market share 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 SITC GROUP 842 : Women's and girls', coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, skirts, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics not knitted or crocheted.
Country Total Imports (000 US $) United Kingdom 5,778,226 4,383,130 France 19,165,082 USA 6,552,812 Germany 2,801,166 Italy 2006 of which from Mauritius 428 9,928 6,069 696 6,209 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.0 6,368,438 0.2 4,842,276 0.0 18,790,962 0.0 7,054,659 0.2 3,083,111 2007 of which from Mauritius 653 9,710 9,481 2,426 8,500 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.0 6,138,070 0.2 5,331,522 0.1 17,544,126 0.0 7,329,785 0.3 3,327,063 2008 1 of which from Mauritius 633 11,340 13,958 2,846 6,771 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.0 5,294,290 0.2 4,795,360 0.1 14,728,612 0.0 6,710,151 0.2 2,953,546 2009 2 of which from Mauritius 830 8,887 22,146 2,739 7,024 Market share - 7 4 - 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 SITC GROUP 843 : Men's or boys coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shorts, shirts, underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics knitted or crocheted.
Country Total Imports (000 US $) United Kingdom 1,149,574 France 586,672 4,994,156 USA 884,711 Germany 668,457 Italy 2006 of which from Mauritius 17,426 5,900 8,832 2,865 7,245 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.5 1,208,206 1.0 768,077 0.2 5,591,114 0.3 1,021,734 827,687 1.1 2007 of which from Mauritius 15,838 18,822 12,963 3,784 16,653 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.3 1,170,408 2.5 886,539 0.2 5,395,648 0.4 1,127,286 955,012 2.0 2008 1 of which from Mauritius 18,330 15,954 3,027 3,432 11,777 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.6 1,058,653 1.8 840,345 0.1 4,577,562 0.3 1,027,365 833,346 1.2 2009 2 of which from Mauritius 13,520 16,663 675 977 5,609 Market share 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 1/ revised estimates 2 / provisional estimates Table C.18 (cont'd) - Evolution of market share in main partner countries by product group , 2006 - 2009 SITC GROUP 844 : Women's and girls' coats, capes, jackets, suits, blazers, trousers, shorts, shirts.
underwear, knitwear and similar articles of textile fabrics knitted or crocheted.
Country Total Imports (000 US $) United Kingdom 1,868,212 1,480,062 France 7,645,846 USA 2,229,964 Germany 890,413 Italy 2006 of which from Mauritius 8,956 6,591 5,915 827 3,553 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.5 2,226,704 0.4 1,886,577 0.1 867,411 0.0 2,690,847 0.4 1,155,290 2007 of which from Mauritius 18,440 13,350 1,894 850 3,035 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 0.8 2,167,626 0.7 2,088,865 0.2 8,539,908 0.0 3,022,619 0.3 1,275,701 2008 1 of which from Mauritius 20,842 13,953 328 3,229 2,213 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 1.0 2,081,078 0.7 1,951,219 0.0 7,681,791 0.1 3,064,479 0.2 1,220,148 2009 2 of which from Mauritius 19,300 18,093 431 1,277 1,826 Market share 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 SITC GROUP 845 : Articles of apparel of textile fabrics, whether or not knitted or crocheted, n.e.s.
- 7 5 - Country Total Imports (000 US $) United Kingdom 7,699,565 7,036,469 France 27,706,141 USA 9,259,827 Germany 5,040,112 Italy 2006 of which from Mauritius 195,360 165,393 23,486 12,080 34,647 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 2.5 8,585,165 2.4 7,733,444 0.1 28,446,536 0.1 9,769,053 0.7 5,782,422 2007 of which from Mauritius 227,654 145,859 10,983 16,662 20,829 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 2.7 8,727,070 1.9 8,498,185 0.0 28,091,112 0.2 10,726,906 0.4 6,296,618 2008 1 of which from Mauritius 226,595 134,664 6,029 13,518 13,384 Market share Total Imports (000 US $) 2.6 7,735,375 1.6 7,586,285 0.0 25,169,270 0.1 10,479,697 0.2 5,679,723 2009 2 of which from Mauritius 197,061 100,033 3,923 14,506 8,989 Market share 2.5 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 1/ revised estimates 2 / provisional estimates Source : International Trade Centre and CSO estimates Table C.19 - Budgetary Central Government Debt and Net International Reserves, 1989 - 2009 (June) Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996* 1997* 1998* 1999* 2000* 2001* 2002* 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Budgetary Central Government Debt (Rs Mn) Budgetary Central Government Debt as % of GDP Government Deficit (Rs Mn) Government Deficit as % of GDP Net International Reserves Amount (Rs Mn) No.
of weeks of imports - 7 6 - 19 23 26 31 27 23 19 22 27 25 24 24 29 37 39 40 30 30 37 33 44 * From 1996 - 2002, Government deficit excludes loan to National Infrastructure Development Fund (NIDF) and Privatisation Fund D. INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY RELATED INDICATORS Table D.1 - ICT access as at end of year, 2004 - 2008 ICT access 1.
Fixed telephone lines ('000) 2.

Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants 3.

Mobile cellular subscriptions ('000) of which pre-paid postpaid 4.

Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 5.

Internet subscriptions ('000) of which fixed 1 mobile 6.

Internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants of which fixed 1 mobile 7.

Broadband internet 2 subscriptions ('000) of which fixed 1 mobile 8.
Broadband internet 2 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants of which fixed 1 2004 353.8 28.6 547.8 503.3 44.5 44.3 78.0 78.0 … 6.3 6.3 … 2.8 2.8 … mobile 1 includes wireless as from 2005 2 broadband Internet refers to connection to the internet at a speed equal to or greater than 128 kbps, as the sum of capacity in both directions Source: Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) … Nil or negligible 3.5 4.8 6.2 … 2008 363.4 28.6 1033.3 969.8 63.5 81.2 199.5 94.7 104.8 15.7 7.5 8.2 157.3 52.5 104.8 12.4 4.1 8.2 - 7 7 - Table D.2 - Selected telephone and internet tariffs as at end of year, 2004 - 2008 - 78 - Telephone and internet 2004 2005 2006 2007 Rupees 2008 1.
Fixed telephone Local call Peak Off-peak Residential monthly line rental Business monthly line rental 2.

Mobile Cellular telephone On same network To a different network To a fixed telephone 3. International Direct Dialling- per minute call from fixed telephone to: Australia New Zealand Reunion Island Madagascar South Africa France Germany UK&North Ireland USA China Hong Kong Malaysia Japan Singapore India 4.
Internet Rs 0.85 for first minute and Rs 0.01 per second thereafter Rs 0.60 for first minute and Rs 0.01 per second thereafter 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 Rs 0.85 for first minute and Rs 0.01 per second thereafter 90.00 225.00 90.00 225.00 60 cents for first 30 seconds with 2 cents for every additional second thereafter Rs 1.95 for first 30 seconds and 6.5 cents for every additional second Rs 2.25 for first 30 seconds and 7 cents for every additional second 2 cents per second 6.5 cents per second 7.25 cents per second 5.8 cents per second 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Peak Off-peak Dial up per minute (Peak time) Dial up per minute (Off-Peak time) ADSL 128 kbps (per month) Residential use Business use 1 ADSL 512 kbps (per month) Residential use Business use ADSL 1 mbps Residential & Business use (per month) 0.57 0.27 1,316 2,500 2,178 5,500 - 0.57 0.27 990 1,900 1,590 3,600 - 0.57 0.27 750 1,860 1,360 3,190 - 0.57 0.27 750 1,860 1,360 3,190 - 0.57 0.27 750 1,860 1,360 3,190 5,990 Source: Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) 1 upgraded to 256 kbps in 2006 Table D.3 - Electricity Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2007, 2010 Commercial Tariff Running Charge per kWh Demand Charge per kVA Minimum Charge Tariff 1 2007 3 2010 4 2007 3 215 Rs 7.28 Rs 9.10 - 2010 4 - 2007 3 Rs 142.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, subject to a minimum of Rs 142.00 per month 2010 4 Rs 178.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, subject to a minimum of Rs 178.00 per month 217 Rs 4.46 Rs 5.58 Rs 149.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.
of 20 kVA Rs 186.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.
of 20 kVA A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account 1 Tariff: 215 - Flat Rate Tariff for Commercial Consumers 217 - Maximum Demand Tariff for Commercial and Bulk Consumers Industrial Tariff Running Charge per kWh Demand Charge per kVA Minimum Charge Tariff 2 2007 3 2010 4 2007 3 2010 4 2007 3 2010 4 313 Rs 2.37 Rs 2.84 Rs 120.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.
of 20 KVA Rs 144.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.

of 20 KVA A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account 315 Rs 4.09 Rs 4.91 - - Rs 86.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, subject to a min.
of Rs 86.00 per month Rs 103.00 per month or part thereof per kW or fraction thereof of total connected load, subject to a min.

of Rs 103.00 per month - 7 9 - 317 Rs 2.17 1st 250,000 kWh Rs 1.90 all additional kWh Rs 2.60 1st 250,000 kWh Rs 2.28 all additional kWh 2 Tariff: 313 - Maximum demand Tariff for Industrial Consumers Rs 120.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.
of 20 kVA 315 - Flat Rate Tariff for Industrial Consumers 317 - Maximum demand Tariff for Industrial Consumers possessing an export enterprise certificate Rs 144.00 per kVA of Maximum Demand, subject to a min.
of 20 kVA A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account 3 Effective as from 01 September 2007 4 Effective as from 01 April 2008 A sum equal to the highest Demand charge paid in any one of the preceding 6 months of account Table D.4 - Water Tariffs for Commercial and Industrial consumers, 2000, 2009 - 2010 - 80 - Rupees Tariff Commercial consumers Industrial consumers 2000 1 2009 2 2010 2 2000 1 2009 2 2010 2 First 100 cubic metres 11.00 12.50 12.50 9.50 10.00 10.00 Next 150 cubic metres 14.00 16.00 16.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 All additional cubic metres 18.00 21.00 21.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 Minimum charge per month 187.00 212.50 212.50 237.50 250.00 250.00 na na na 2.73 5.50 5.50 Ground water per cubic metre 1 Effective as from 01 February 2000 2 Effective as from 01 August 2002 na: Not applicable Table D.5 - Road network, 2005 - 2009 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Length of roads (km) Motorways Main roads Secondary roads Other roads Total Number of vehicles per km of road Table D.6 - Monthly rent of industrial building per square foot, 2008 - 2009 - 81 - Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Source: Development Bank of Mauritius 2008 65.00 44.00 38.00 Rupees 2009 65.00 44.00 38.00 Table D.7 - Export rates of textile products from SSR International Airport to selected Airports, 2008 - 2009 Rupees Destination Minimum 100 kg < 500kg 500kg < 1000kg 1000kg or more 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 London Paris Munich Zurich Note: Except for the minimum charge, all rates are per kilo or 6000 c.c, which ever is higher Source: Air Mauritius - Cargo Department Table D.8 - Import rates of textile products from selected Airports to SSR International
 Airport, 2008 - 2009 Rupees Port of embarcation Currency Minimum 100 kg < 500kg 500kg < 1000kg 1000kg or more 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Hong Kong Jakarta Johanesburg Kuala Lumpur Mumbai Singapore Tokyo via Hong Kong HKD 358.00 358.00 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 USD USD USD INR SGD JPY 13800.00 13800.00 597.50 597.50 565.00 565.00 540.00 540.00 Note: Except for the minimum charge, all rates are per kilo or 6000 c.c, which ever is higher Source: Air Mauritius - Cargo Department Table E.1 - Exchange Rates - National currency units per U.S Dollar, 1999 - 2009 E. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESSS INDICATORS Country Currency 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mexico Australia Hong Kong (S.A.R) 1 Peso** Dollar Dollar Yen 113.70 107.80 121.60 125.22 115.94 108.15 110.11 116.31 117.76 103.39 93.68 Won 1190.00 1131.00 1292.00 1250.31 1192.08 1145.24 1023.75 954.32 928.97 1098.71 1274.63 Dollar 1.70 1.73 1.79 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59 1.51 1.41 1.45 Rupee 70.64 77.01 89.38 95.77 96.54 101.27 100.38 103.94 110.62 108.30 114.91 Dollar 32.32 31.26 33.82 34.54 34.41 33.37 32.13 32.51 32.85 31.52 33.02 - 8 2 - Franc/Euro 0.90 Mark/Euro 0.94 Escuado United Kingdom Pound 0.62 Mauritius* Rupee 25.15 26.26 29.07 29.96 28.38 27.75 29.23 31.15 31.37 28.36 31.94 1 Special Administrative Region of China * Average buying and selling rates ** Upto 1992-
 old Pesos, as from 1993-new Pesos Up to 2001 France-French Franc, Germany-Deutchmark, as from 2002- Euro Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S Department of Labour, Last modified date- January 2010 Japan Korea Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan France Germany Portugal Table E.2 - Hourly labour cost in national currency for the Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 Country Currency 1998 U.S.A Mexico Australia Hong Kong (S.A.R) 1 Japan Korea Republic of Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan France Germany Portugal United Kingdom Mauritius* Dollar Peso** Dollar Dollar Yen Won Dollar Rupee N/A N/A N/A N/A 12.58 67.13 - 8 3 - Dollar 173.95 186.90 193.20 204.10 197.80 201.10 199.10 205.00 209.20 216.00 Franc/Euro 103.19 15.96 Mark/Euro 46.26 24.65 Escuado 988.13 4.75 Pound Rupee Special Administrative Region of China * Average buying and selling rates ** Upto 1992- old Pesos, as from 1993-new Pesos Up to 2001 France-French Franc, Germany-Deutchmark, as from 2002- Euro Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S Department of Labour, Last modified date- March 2009 Table E.3 - Hourly labour cost of selected countries in U.S Dollar - Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 US Dollar Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 U.S.A Mexico Australia
 Hong Kong (S.A.R) 1 5.58 5.37 5.45 5.74 5.66 5.54 5.51 5.65 5.78 5.78 Japan Korea Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan France Germany Portugal - 8 4 - United Kingdom 17.04 17.33 16.84 16.75 18.36 21.29 24.37 25.36 26.36 29.73 Mauritius 1.29 1.31 1.24 1.20 1.21 1.43 1.53 1.66 1.61 1.57 1 Special Administrative Region of China Table E.4 - Hourly labour cost index in U.S Dollar for the Manufacturing sector, 1998 - 2007 (Base 2000=100) Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 U.S.A Mexico Australia Hong Kong (S.A.R) 1 Japan Korea Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan France Germany Portugal - 8 5 - United Kingdom 101.2 102.9 100.0 Mauritius 104.0 105.6 100.0 99.5 96.8 109.0 126.4 144.7 150.6 156.5 176.5
 97.6 115.3 123.4 133.9 129.8 126.6 1 Special Administrative Region of China Table E.5 - MAURITIUS: Exchange rate movements* (value of foreign currency), 1999 - 2009 Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australian Dollar 16.12 15.15 14.94 16.19 18.35 20.25 22.36 23.73 26.36 24.08 25.33 British Pound 40.70 39.81 41.92 45.06 46.35 50.97 53.14 57.83 62.86 52.73 50.07 French Franc** 4.09 3.69 3.96 German Mark** 13.59 12.34 13.24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Indian Rupee 0.59 0.59 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.67 0.70 0.76 0.66 0.67 Italian Lira(1000)** 13.70 12.36 13.27 - - - - - - - - - 8 6 - Japanese Yen(100) 21.98 24.11 23.67 23.69 24.21 25.35 26.57 27.01 26.90 27.65 34.40 South Africa Rand 4.12 3.79 3.41 2.86 3.78 4.35 4.68 4.74 4.50 3.48 3.85 Singapore Dollar 14.85 15.21 16.17 16.68 16.24 16.38 17.75 19.87 21.07 20.19 22.09 Swiss Franc 16.72 15.50 17.17 19.21 20.96 22.23 23.50 25.01 26.17 26.28 29.52 US Dollar EURO 25.15 26.26 29.07 29.96 28.38 27.75 29.23 31.15 31.37 28.36 31.94 - 24.00 25.76 28.01 31.69 34.10 36.29 39.51 42.92 41.61 44.52 *Average buying and selling rates **Up to 2001 France-French Franc, Germany-Deutchmark, Italy- Italian Lira, as from 2002- Euro Table E.6 - Index of Mauritian rupee relative to foreign currency, 1999 - 2009 (Base 2000=100) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australian Dollar 106.4 100.0 98.6 106.9 121.1 133.7 147.6 156.6 174.0 158.9 167.2 British Pound 102.2 100.0 105.3 113.2 116.4 128.0 133.5 145.3 157.9 132.5 125.8 French Franc** 110.8 100.0 107.3 German Mark** 110.1 100.0 107.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Indian Rupee 100.0 100.0 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 113.6 118.6 128.8 111.9 113.6 Italian Lira(1000)** 110.8 100.0 107.4 - - - - - - - - - 8 7 - Japanese Yen(100) 91.2 100.0 South Africa Rand 108.7 100.0 98.2 90.0 98.3 75.5 100.4 105.1 110.2 112.0 111.6 114.7 142.7 99.7 114.8 123.5 125.1 118.7 91.8 101.6 Singapore Dollar 97.6 100.0 106.3 109.7 106.8 107.7 116.7 130.6 138.5
 132.7 145.2 Swiss Franc 107.9 100.0 110.8 123.9 135.2 143.4 151.6 161.4 168.8 169.5 190.5 US Dollar EURO 95.8 100.0 110.7 114.1 108.1 105.7 111.3 118.6 119.5 108.0 121.6 - 100.0 107.3 116.7 132.0 142.1 151.2 164.6 178.8 173.4 185.5 **Up to 2001 France-French Franc, Germany-Deutchmark, Italy- Italian Lira, as from 2002- Euro Table E.7 - Index of foreign currency relative to Mauritian rupee, 1999 - 2009 (Base 2000=100) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australian Dollar 94.0 100.0 101.4 93.6 82.6 74.8 67.8 63.8 57.5 62.9 59.8 British Pound 97.8 100.0 95.0 88.3 85.9 78.1 74.9 68.8 63.3 75.5 79.5 French Franc** 90.2 100.0 93.2 German Mark** 90.8 100.0 93.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Indian Rupee 100.0 100.0 95.2 95.2 95.2 95.2 88.1 84.3 77.6 89.4 88.1 - 8 8 - Italian Lira(1000)** 90.2 100.0 93.1 - - - - - - - - Japanese Yen(100) 109.7 100.0 101.9 101.8 99.6 95.1 90.7 89.3 89.6 87.2 70.1 South Africa Rand 92.0 100.0 111.1 132.5 100.3 87.1 81.0 80.0 84.2 108.9 98.4 Singapore Dollar 102.4 100.0 94.1 91.2 93.7 92.9 85.7 76.5 72.2 75.3 68.9 Swiss Franc US Dollar EURO 92.7 100.0 90.3 80.7 74.0 69.7 66.0 62.0 59.2 59.0 52.5 104.4 100.0 90.3 87.7 92.5 94.6 89.8 84.3 83.7 92.6 82.2 - 100.0 93.2 85.7 75.7 70.4 66.1 60.7 55.9 57.7 53.9 **Up to 2001 France-French Franc, Germany-Deutchmark, Italy- Italian Lira, as from 2002- Euro Table E.8 - Annual change* in the value of foreign currency relative to Mauritian rupee, 1999 - 2009 Percentage Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australian Dollar British Pound French Franc German Mark Indian Rupee Italian Lira(1000) -7.2 -2.3 -0.7 -0.2 -1.7 0.7 Japanese Yen(100) -16.4 South Africa Rand Singapore Dollar Swiss Franc US Dollar EURO 6.1 -3.4 1.6 -4.7 - *+ appreciation of MUR vis a vis currency *- depreciation of MUR vis a vis currency 6.4 2.2 10.8 10.1 0.0 10.8 -8.8 8.7 -2.4 7.9 -4.2 - 1.4 -5.0 -6.8 -6.8 -4.8 -6.9 1.9 11.1 -5.9 -9.7 -9.7 -6.8 -7.7 -7.0 - - 0.0 - -0.1 19.2 -3.1
 -10.6 -3.0 -8.0 -11.8 -2.8 - - 0.0 - -9.4 -9.1 - - 0.0 - -2.1 -4.5 -24.3 -13.1 2.7 -8.3 5.6 -11.6 -0.9 -5.7 2.3 -7.1 -9.4 -4.1 - - -5.8 -8.1 - - -10.0 -8.0 - - 9.5 19.2 - - -4.9 5.3 - - -7.5 -4.3 -7.9 15.2 -1.5 - -4.6 -7.1 -7.7 -5.4 -5.1 -6.0 - -1.6 -1.3 -10.7 -6.0 -6.2 -8.1 - 0.4 5.3 -5.7 -4.4 -0.7 -7.9 - 8 9 - - -2.7 29.3 4.4 -0.4 - -19.6 -9.6 -8.6 -11.0 10.6 -11.2 3.1 -6.5