Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696590661747.pdf (United States)
117TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION H. CON.

RES.
59 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Whereas the people of the Republic of Sudan suffered for three decades under the despotic rule of President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, whose government was respon- sible for the suppression of civil liberties, grand corrup- tion, support for international terrorism, and the commis- sion of crimes against humanity and genocide; 2 Whereas, throughout 2019, a coalition of Sudanese civic groups, including professional associations, labor unions, community groups, democracy activists, and opposition parties, led a mass protest movement to demand the end of Bashir’s reign and the transition to democracy in Sudan; Whereas, on April 11, 2019, Sudanese military officers de- posed Bashir, and, following continued protests, agreed to form a transitional government in partnership with a civilian pro-democracy coalition on July 17, 2019; Whereas, on June 3, 2019, Sudanese forces led by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), largely comprised of Janjaweed militia involved in genocidal campaigns across Darfur for decades, opened fire on protesters at an army command headquarters in Khartoum, killing at least 127 people, at least 40 of whom were found in the Nile River; Whereas the military and civilian elements agreed to a 39- month transition to democracy, with a Civilian-Led Tran- sitional Government (CLTG) comprised of a predomi- nantly civilian cabinet led by Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok, a Sovereign Council, an executive body with ci- vilian and military members chaired for the first half of the transitional period by Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and a Transitional Legislative Coun- cil, which has yet to be formed; Whereas the United States and the international community supported Sudan’s transition to democracy, with the United States identifying more than $1,000,000,000 in foreign assistance, and the multilateral Friends of Sudan group pledging $1,800,000,000 from roughly 50 coun- tries and international organizations; •HCON 59 EH 3 Whereas the CLTG made progress in human rights
 reforms, including guaranteeing the people of Sudan freedom of religion and gender equality under the transitional con- stitution, banning female genital mutilation, and decrimi- nalizing apostasy; Whereas, in August 2021, when the Sudanese Cabinet rati- fied the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), the CLTG made progress towards ending impunity for abusers of human rights, stating its inten- tion to deliver Omar al-Bashir to the ICC to stand trial for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, and formed civilian committees to investigate corruption and crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Bashir regime; Whereas the transitional government negotiated a peace agreement with several rebel groups, a step towards end- ing decades of conflict in the regions of Darfur, South Kordofan, and Blue Nile, which killed hundreds of thou- sands of civilians and left more than 3,000,000 people displaced within Sudan; Whereas Sudan continues to face a serious humanitarian sit- uation, with an estimated 13,400,000 people, or 29 per- cent of the population, in need of humanitarian assist- ance in 2021; Whereas Sudan faces a severe economic crisis, exacerbated by the COVID–19 pandemic, which caused the price of food and consumer goods to increase significantly, while aus- terity measures imposed to stabilize the economy resulted in the reduction or elimination of subsidies for commod- ities including wheat and fuel; •HCON 59 EH 4 Whereas the political tensions between the civilian and mili- tary elements and within factions of the civilian coalition undermined the CLTG and contributed to widespread un- rest within the Sudanese population relating to a range of issues, including the economic crisis, ethnic and tribal conflict in peripheral regions, and the unsatisfactory pace of reforms; Whereas, on September 21, 2021, some members of the mili- tary reportedly attempted a coup d’e´tat against the tran- sitional government, which failed to depose the
 govern- ment but succeeded in precipitating the most serious po- litical crisis of the transition period; Whereas, on October 21, 2021, hundreds of thousands of people across Sudan demonstrated in support of demo- cratic civilian rule, to counter a smaller protest days prior demanding the military take complete control of the government; Whereas, on October 25, 2021, Lieutenant General Burhan, with the support of General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as ‘‘Hemedti’’, seized control of the govern- ment, deployed the military to the streets of Khartoum and Omdurman, and arrested and detained Prime Min- ister Hamdok and other civilian officials; Whereas the African Union Peace and Security Council con- vened on October 27, 2021, strongly condemned the coup, reaffirmed the mandate of the CLTG, and subse- quently suspended Sudan from the regional body ‘‘with immediate effect * * * until the effective restoration’’ of the CLTG; Whereas the actions of Lieutenant General Burhan and the Sudanese military violate Sudan’s Constitutional Charter •HCON 59 EH 5 and threaten to plunge Sudan into isolation and insta- bility; Whereas the United States Government publicly condemned the coup, suspended its foreign assistance to Sudan, and urged Lieutenant General Burhan and his accomplices to restore the CLTG and return Sudan to the path to de- mocracy; and Whereas, the Troika (the United States, United Kingdom, Norway), the European Union, and Switzerland ‘‘con- tinue to recognize the Prime Minister and his cabinet as the constitutional leaders of the transitional government’’ and ‘‘confirm once again the international calls for the immediate return to the roadmap for democratic transi- tion of Sudan’’: Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That Congress— (1) condemns the October 25, 2021, coup in Sudan; (2) stands with the people of Sudan in their democratic aspirations; (3) recognizes the Prime
 Minister and his cabi- net as the constitutional leaders of Sudan’s transi- tional government; (4) calls for Sudan’s military junta to— (A) immediately release all civilian govern- ment officials, civil society members, and other individuals detained in connection with the coup; •HCON 59 EH (B) return to constitutional rule under the transitional constitution as the starting point for negotiations with civilians toward full civil- ian rule; (C) lift the state of emergency, including complete restoration of all means of commu- nication; (D) remove all roadblocks and checkpoints, and order the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and RSF to stand down and comply with inter- national recognized rules of engagement; (E) ensure security forces respect the right to peaceful protest and hold those who used ex- cessive force and committed other abuses ac- countable in a transparent, credible process; (F) cease all attempts to change the civil- ian composition of the cabinet, Sovereign Coun- cil, and other government bodies; and (G) transfer leadership of the Sovereign Council to a civilian member of the Sovereign Council in keeping with the transitional con- stitution; (5) calls on the Secretary of State to— •HCON 59 EH (A) immediately identify coup leaders, their accomplices, and enablers for consider- ation for targeted sanctions; (B) urge junta leaders to return imme- diately to the rule of law as set forth by the transitional constitution; (C) monitor, discourage, and deter any ef- fort by external parties to support the coup and the military junta; (D) coordinate with— (i) the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Develop- ment and other Federal Government agen- cies to pause all non-humanitarian bilateral assistance to Sudan until restoration of the transitional constitutional order; (ii) the Department of the Treasury to use
 the voice and vote of the United States in international financial institu- tions to suspend all actions related to non- humanitarian loans or debt relief to Sudan until restoration of the transitional con- stitutional order; and (iii) the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to •HCON 59 EH ensure the United Nations Security Coun- cil is seized of the matter on an ongoing basis; and (E) work with the Troika to engage mem- bers of the international community to join these United States actions; and (6) calls on international partners to— (A) join United States efforts to impose targeted sanctions on the junta and other ac- complices to the coup, monitor, discourage, and deter any effort by external parties to support the junta, and urge junta leaders to return to the rule of law as set forth by the transitional constitution; and (B) suspend Sudan’s participation in all regional multilateral organizations until Sudan is returned to constitutional rule under the transitional constitution.
Passed the House of Representatives July 14, 2022.

Attest: Clerk.

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