Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696590830871.pdf (United States)
DEFINING VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE ADAPTATION A resource guide developed through the Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program (ICARP), with guidance from the ICARP Technical Advisory Council GOVERNOR’S OFFICE OF PLANNING AND RESEARCH July 2018 This resource guide includes information on publicly-available tools and resources that may be used to define vulnerable communities in an adaptation context.
This information is provided to public agencies and the public in general as materials that may be helpful.

This information should not be construed as OPR providing any legal advice.

Users of this information can access and use any of this information at their sole discretion.
This resource guide was developed with input from the Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program’s Technical Advisory Council, which provides guidance to OPR and does not have any regulatory authority or mandate, as established through Senate Bill 246 (2015, Wieckowski).
TABLE OF CONTENTS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii ADAPTATION VISION & PRINCIPLES 01 SECTION 1 | DEFINING VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES 02 02 ICARP TECHNICAL ADVISORY COUNCIL’S ADOPTED DEFINITION RELATIONSHIP TO LOCAL PLANNING REQUIREMENTS 03 SECTION 2 | CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS 04 EVALUATING CLIMATE RISK 04 04 04 CAL-ADAPT URBAN HEAT ISLAND INDEX FOR CALIFORNIA (UHII) INDICATORS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CALIFORNIA 05 EVALUATING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY 05 05 05 05 CALENVIROSCREEN (CES) CLIMATE CHANGE & HEALTH VULNERABILITY INDICATORS FOR CALIFORNIA (CCHVI) HEALTHY PLACES INDEX (HPI) REGIONAL OPPORTUNITY INDEX (ROI) 06 TOOL INDICATOR COMPARISON TABLE 08 SECTION 3 | ADDITIONAL INDICATORS FOR CONSIDERATION 11 SECTION 4 | PROCESS GUIDES 12 EXECUTIVE ORDER B-30-15 EQUITY CHECKLIST 12 GOVERNMENT ALLIANCE ON RACE (GARE) RACIAL EQUITY TOOLKIT 12 BAY LOCALIZE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TOOLKIT 13 REFERENCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program (ICARP) was established by Senate Bill 246.
Through its activities, the Program aims to develop holistic strategies to coordinate climate activities at the state, regional, and local levels.

One of the Program’s main components is the Technical Advisory Council (TAC), which brings together state and local government, non-profit and private sector practitioners, scientists, and community leaders to help coordinate activities that better prepare California for the impacts of a changing climate.
In 2017, the ICARP Technical Advisory Council developed a vision statement that expresses the characteristics of a resilient California, as well as principles that guide how adaptation actions should be implemented to achieve this vision.

The Council adopted the Vision and Principles at the September 2017 meeting with the condition that the Council define “vulnerable communities”, a term that is referenced throughout the Vision and Principles.
Following a series of workgroup meet- ings, the TAC adopted a definition at the April 2018 Council Meeting.

While the Council’s definition of “vulnerable communities” provides clarity on the underlying factors of community vulnerability, and how these are exacerbated by climate impacts, a definition alone may not provide the level of detail needed to take actionable steps within the context of climate adaptation plans and implementation actions.
The California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, with input from the ICARP Technical Advisory Council, developed this resource guide as a starting point for practitioners to use when first considering how to define vulnerable communities in an adaptation context.
The document includes: ■ The ICARP Technical Advisory Council’s defini- tion of climate-vulnerable communities ■ A summary of existing statewide assessment tools that can be used to identify vulnerable communities in a climate adaptation context, including a crosswalk with the indicators that are required elements of an SB 1000 analysis ■ Additional indicators that could be used to assess underlying vulnerability on a case-by- case basis ■ A list of process guides that can serve to aid agencies undertaking efforts to define vulnerable communities i ADAPTATION VISION & PRINCIPLES VISION Adopted by the ICARP Technical Advisory Council “All Californians thrive in the face of a changing cli- mate.
Leading with innovation, California meets the challenge of climate change by taking bold actions to protect our economy, our quality of life, and all peo- ple.

The state’s most vulnerable communities are pri- oritized in these actions.

Working across all levels of government, the state is prepared for both gradual changes and extreme events.

Climate change adap- tation and mitigation is standard practice in govern- ment and business throughout the state.
California meets these goals with urgency, while achieving the following long-term outcomes: PRINCIPLES 1.

Prioritize integrated climate actions, those that both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to climate impacts, as well as actions that provide multiple benefits.

2.

Prioritize actions that promote equity, foster community resilience, and protect the most vulnerable.

Explicitly include communities that are disproportionately vulnerable to climate impacts.

3.
3.

Prioritize natural and green infrastructure solu- tions to enhance and protect natural resources, as well as urban environments.

Preserve and re- store ecological systems (or engineered systems that use ecological processes) that enhance natural system functions, services, and quality and that reduce risk, including but not limited to actions that improve water and food security, habitat for fish and wildlife, coastal resources, human health, recreation and jobs.

4.
4.

Avoid maladaptation by making decisions that do not worsen the situation or transfer the challenge from one area, sector, or social group ■ All people and communities respond to chang- ing average conditions, shocks, and stresses in a manner that minimizes risks to public health, safety, and economic disruption and maximizes equity and protection of the most vulnerable.

■ Natural systems adjust and maintain functioning ecosystems in the face of change.
■ Infrastructure and built systems withstand changing conditions and shocks, including changes in climate, while continuing to provide essential services.” to another.

Identify and take all opportunities to prepare for climate change in all planning and investment decisions.

5.

Base all planning, policy, and investment decisions on the best-available science, includ- ing local and traditional knowledge, including consideration of future climate conditions out to 2050 and 2100, and beyond.

6.
6.

Employ adaptive and flexible governance ap- proaches by utilizing collaborative partner- ship across scales and between sectors to accelerate effective problem solving.

Promote mitigation and adaptation actions at the region- al and landscape scales.

7.
7.

Take immediate actions to reduce present and near future (within 20 years) climate change risks for all Californians; do so while also thinking in the long term and responding to continual changes in climate, ecology, and economics using adaptive management that incorporates regular monitoring.
ii DEFINING VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Climate vulnerability describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are at risk of exposure to climate change impacts... “ The following definition was developed by the ICARP Technical Advisory Council (TAC) and is meant to provide a clear understanding of the mul- tiple components that characterize vulnerable com- munities in an adaptation context.
This definition draws upon the work of the International Panel on Climate Change1 and the California Climate Justice Working Group2.

1.

IPCC, 2014 2.

Climate Justice Working Group, 20173 SECTION 1 ICARP TECHNICAL ADVISORY COUNCIL’S ADOPTED DEFINITION Climate vulnerability describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are at risk of exposure to climate change impacts.
Vulnerable communities experience heightened risk and increased sensitivity3 to climate change and have less capacity4 and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts.

These disproportionate effects are caused by physical (built and environmental), social, political, and/ or economic factor(s), which are exacerbated by climate impacts.

These factors5 include, but are not limited to, race, class, sexual orientation and identification, national origin, and income inequality.

3.
3.

IPCC, 2014 4.

Ibid 5.

Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, 2017 RELATIONSHIP TO LOCAL PLANNING REQUIREMENTS While the definition above provides clarity on the factors that should be assessed when defining vul- nerable communities in an adaptation context, it can be tailored to address the needs of different types of projects, scales, and communities.
For example, this definition could be incorporated into a diverse suite of local planning activities, including informing the development of a vulnerability assessment for a General Plan update.
It should be noted, howev- er, the use or application of this definition and the resources referenced throughout this guide, is not mandated and should not be considered formal legal guidance (see OPR’s General Plan Guidelines for the most recent guidance).While use of this definition is not mandated, Section 2 of this guide (Climate Vulnerability Assessment Tools) identifies areas of overlap with local general plan requirements.
For example, a number of the indicators presented in Section 2 (Table 1, p 8) can help to identify commu- nities that are both vulnerable to climate impacts (consistent with SB 379 requirements, Government Code Section 65302(g)), as well as identifying Envi- ronmental Justice communities (as required by SB 1000, Government Code Section 65302(h)).
Be- cause local jurisdictions are faced with implement- ing multiple, often overlapping planning require- ments, this resource guide identifies areas where existing resources and tools can be used to meet multiple requirements.

Section 2 is merely meant to be a useful tool for public agencies and the public to use at their discretion.
SECTION 1 | DEFINING VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES 2 CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS Understanding the components of vulnerability, as described in the above definition, is a useful first step, however making this definition actionable (i.e.

identi- fying and assessing vulnerable communities) requires a diverse suite of indicators that address the complex relationship between the factors defined above.
The following descriptions are provided to help practi- tioners identify publicly accessible tools that can be used to assess vulnerable communities.

As outlined in the definition above, an individual or community may be vulnerable with respect to mul- tiple factors at once, the cumulative effects of which may contribute to heightened vulnerability6.
To fully understand the level of vulnerability a community may experience, it is important to first consider cli- mate risk, which includes assessing both the degree of exposure and sensitivity to climate impacts, as well as an individual or community’s level of adap- tive capacity.

It is recommended that climate risk be assessed by using the State’s climate projections data tool, Cal-Adapt, or other locally developed cli- mate projections.
Adaptive capacity can be assessed by considering the above-mentioned physical, social, and economic factors by using a number of different tools and indices (a number of publicly accessible tools are discussed below).
6 Ibid SECTION 2 INDICATORS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CALIFORNIA The 2018 Indicators of Climate Change in California report, prepared by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), presents 36 indicators that are grouped into four categories: Hu- man-influenced (anthropogenic) drivers of climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions; Changes in the state’s climate; Impacts of climate change on physical systems, such as oceans, lakes and snow- pack; Impacts of climate change on biological sys- tems – humans, vegetation and wildlife.
The indica- tors can serve as a tool for communicating technical data in relatively simple terms and help portray the interrelationships among climate and other physical and biological elements of the environment.

Many of the indicators reveal evidence of the already dis- cernible impacts of climate change, highlighting the urgency for the state, local government and others to undertake mitigation and adaptation strategies.
EVALUATING CLIMATE RISK While not an exhaustive list, the following tools and data can be used to analyze climate risk: CAL-ADAPT California has invested significant resources in de- veloping climate change information for the entire state at a resolution that is useful for planning at both a statewide and regional scale.

These data are called downscaled climate data.


Downscaling is an analytical tool that starts with data from global climate models and then makes adjustments using statistical techniques and/or numerical models to provide projections of climate impacts at a finer scale.

California has developed a set of downscaled climate data for the State using the Localized Con- structed Analogs, or LOCA, statistical downscaling technique.
All data are available through Cal- Adapt, an online tool that displays climate impacts in a spatial format.

The platform also includes a web Application Programming Interface (API) to allow users to build their own applications.

Acces- sible data includes annual averages, extreme heat, sea level rise, snowpack, wildfire, cooling degree days and heating degree days, downscaled climate projections, and more.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND INDEX FOR CALIFORNIA (UHII) The Urban Heat Island Index, developed by the California Environmental Protection Agency, quantifies the extent and severity of urban heat islands for individual cities, including urban heat island interactive maps that show the urban heat island effect for each census tract in and around most urban areas throughout the state.
This can also help identify and prioritize areas across the state for adaptation efforts such as urban green- ing and cool roofs and pavements.

SECTION 2 | CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS 4 abilities and indicators of adaptive capacity, along with the healthy places index score, and other key decision support layers.

HPI moves data into action by providing policy briefs outlining best practices to address risks associated with climate indicators.
REGIONAL OPPORTUNITY INDEX (ROI) Another mapping tool to identify census tracts lacking in opportunities and needing investment is the Regional Opportunity Index (ROI) from the UC Davis Center for Regional Change.

The goal of the ROI is to help target resources and policies toward people and places with the greatest need.
The tool incorporates both a “people” component and a “place” component, integrating economic, in- frastructure, environmental, and social indicators into a comprehensive assessment of the factors driving opportunity.
EVALUATING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY While not an exhaustive list, the following tools can be used to begin analyzing adaptive capacity: CALENVIROSCREEN (CES) CalEnviroScreen 3.0 is a screening tool that identifies communities most affected by and vulnerable to the ef- fects of many sources of pollution and population-based disparities.

It aggregates state-wide environmental, health, and socioeconomic information to produce scores for every census tract in the state.
A census tract with a high score is considered more disadvantaged than a community with a low score as a result of pollu- tion burden and population characteristics.

When over- laid with climate impact and exposure data, CalEnviro- Screen can provide insight into built and environmental exposure factors that contribute to vulnerability.
CLIMATE CHANGE & HEALTH VULNERABILITY INDICATORS FOR CALIFORNIA (CCHVI) The CalBRACE Project developed climate change and health indicator narratives and data to provide local health departments and partners with tools to better understand the people and places in their jurisdictions that are more susceptible to adverse health impacts associated with climate change, specifically extreme heat, wildfire, sea level rise, drought, and poor air quality.
The assessment data can be used to screen and prioritize where to focus deeper analysis and plan for public health actions to increase resilience.

HEALTHY PLACES INDEX (HPI) The California Healthy Places Index (HPI) is an inter- active online data and GIS mapping tool that allows users to easily visualize the social and economic conditions that shape health in each neighborhood in California.

HPI is validated with life expectancy and provides census tract rankings across the state.
As of 2017, the Healthy Places Index platform also includes climate change indicators.

This tool provides graphic overlays of climate risks, vulner- 5 SECTION 2 TOOL INDICATOR COMPARISON TABLE The following table summarizes the indicators included in each of these assessment tools discussed above, organized by four categories, or factors, of vulnerability (highlighted cells identify which indi- cators are included in a given tool)7.
While there are areas of overlap, each tool was designed to inform different decision-making processes and research questions, and as such, any single tool alone will not provide a comprehensive assessment of climate vulnerability.

When considering use of the tools in Table 1, the following should be noted: 7.

These “factors” are taken from Planning and Investing for a Re- silient California: A Guidebook for State Agencies developed by the Technical Advisory Group for Executive Order B-30-15.

http://www.
http://www.

opr.ca.gov/planning/icarp/resilient-ca.html ■ While indicators may be included in multiple tools, each may use different data sources and timescales; when using multiple tools in an as- sessment process, users should review the meta- data associated with each indicator to identify potential inconsistencies between tools.
■ Table 1 does not reflect all requirements of SB 1000 (Government Code Section 65302(h)) or SB 379 (Government Code 65302(g)), therefore review of the respective sections of OPR’s Gen- eral Plan Guidelines is important to establish consistency with the underlying statutes.

SB 1000 CROSSWALK The table below also provides a crosswalk between the indicators that are required compo- nents of an Environmental Justice Element of a general plan, per Senate Bill 1000 (2016, Leyva).
While the other indicators are not required, some may be useful health-related indicators planners may want to consider.
Table 1: Comparison table: indicators currently available through statewide vulnerability assessment tools, organized by system factors FACTOR INDICATOR CES (weighted index + map) CCHVI (not an index) HPI (weighted index + map) ROI (weighted index) SB 1000 Existing inequities, institutionalized racism, or exclusion: People facing disadvantage or discrimination often have lower socioeco- nomic status, which result in fewer resources for preparing, coping and recovering from climate impacts.
Educational attainment Employment Housing burdened low income households Income Linguistic isolation Poverty Race and Ethnicity Two parent household U.S.

Citizenship Violent Crime Rate Voting Physical states or conditions that increase vulnerability: Older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with chronic health conditions or mental illness are more susceptible to harm from effects of climate change.
Asthma emergency department visits Children Cardiovascular disease Elderly x x x x x - - - - - - X - - - x x x x X - - - - - - X - X x x x x x x x - - - - - - - - x x x x x x x x - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - SECTION 2 | CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS 6 Table 1: Continued FACTOR INDICATOR CES (weighted index + map) CCHVI (not an index) HPI (weighted index + map) ROI (weighted index) SB 1000 Poor environmental conditions, access to services, or living conditions: Populations at higher risk under a changing climate include those who are uninsured or underinsured or lack access to health care or child care, lack access to transportation, live in areas with poor air quality, live on upper floors of tall buildings, live in areas with lots of impervi- ous surfaces and little tree cover, and lack life-supporting resources such as adequate housing, ways to cool living space, are food insecure or lack adequate medications, or are tenants or renters.
Populations at higher risk also include those living in “land islands” that have limited access to resources and services due to conditions of geographic isolation.
Alcohol outlets Air conditioning Active commuting Diesel PM Groundwater threats Housing habitability Hazardous waste facilities and generators Healthcare availability Housing crowding Impaired water bodies Impervious surfaces Ozone concentrations PM 2.5 concentrations Park Access Solid waste sites/facilities Public transit access Toxic cleanup sites Toxic releases from facilities Traffic density Tree canopy Retail Density Supermarket Access Use of high-hazard, high-volatility pesticides Water Contaminants Homeownership Health Insurance Vehicle Ownership/ Access Lack of investment and opportunities: The disinvestment and resource deprivation historically experienced by communities facing inequities or isolation leads to degrad- ed living conditions and lack of power over decisions that affect their lives x x x x x x x x x x x x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x - - - - - - - - - - - x x x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x x x x x x - -   -  - -  - -   - - - -  - - -     - - 7 SECTION 2 ADDITIONAL INDICATORS FOR CONSIDERATION In addition to the assessment tools presented above, there are a larger number of other indicators developed by a wide range of research and guidance documents that could also be considered when analyzing and defining vulnerable communities in an adaptation context.
The below list of indicators are not intended to be exhaustive, but provide examples of additional indicators that could complement ex- isting tools and resources.

Because these indicators are not incorporated into any of the tools presented in the section above, inclusion in an assessment process would require additional data collection and analysis on a case-by-case basis.
SECTION 3 8 Table 2: Summary of additional vulnerability indicators for consideration DEMOGRAPHICS HOUSING SECURITY MOBILITY HEALTH SERVICES Sexual Orientation Homelessness Occupation**† Persons with criminal records Access and functional needs populations** H.S.
Graduation Rates/College Degrees* Earning potential vs. job base provided* Population stability* Tribal community demographic data* GDP per capita † Gender † Immigrants † Homeowners or renters insurance Renter population** Average property value † Homes in flood plains Flammable roof, vegetation within 10 meters of home*** Homes with flood-proofing Number, location and population of prisons Domestic violence shelters Shelters for LGBTQ youth and adults Value, quality, and density of residential construction** Short-term rental market* Evacuation routes “Land island” communities* Individuals with health insurance coverages Persons with substance abuse Mental health services Number of hospitals per capita † Substance abuse services Back up grid energy plans for hospitals* Domestic violence hotline Doctors or nurses per capita Emergency response partnerships with pharmacies/clinics for medication reliant individuals* Distance to critical service providers (isolation factor) * Increasing food costs†† ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Adequate/effective sewage/waste management systems Combined exacerbating effects of poor air quality (ozone and PM 2.5) and extreme heat* Smoke from wildfires (controlled and not controlled)* 9 SECTION 3 Table 2: Continued EMERGENCY SERVICES BUSINESS/JOBS Household knowledge level of disaster resources Households with disaster kits Household distance to nearest fire station Availability of hazmat certification programs Hazmat certified individuals Potential loss of key infrastructure** Disaster plans in place at schools, businesses, churches, etc.
Minority owned businesses Businesses with flood proofing\ Businesses with insurance Union jobs High density/value commercial and industrial development** Amount of Full Time jobs available versus Part Time jobs year round* Recreation-based economies susceptible to climate impacts * PUBLIC/PRIVATE UTILITIES Telecommunications - availability and access (phone, cable, broadband, etc) Households with water/electricity shut offs in last 12 months Household that have never been connected to the electricity grid* Households reliant on well-water Reliance on wood based heat* Households & businesses with independent power generation/storage capacity* Social services-availability Services for undocumented persons Access to childcare* Inclusive governance Policy or ordinance requiring air conditioners in all single- or multi-family homes* Model ordinances addressing urban heat island (cool roofs, cool pavement, etc.
)* Policy Landscape Neighborhood cohesion Financial literacy Civic participation † Completion of financial risk assessment* Potential loss of employment following a disaster** Access to credit †† Cultural/religious ties to land/water Priority on local purchasing & economic development* SOCIAL SERVICES GOVERNANCE COMMUNITY FISCAL HEALTH CULTURE SOURCE KEY (SEE REFERENCES FOR FULL CITATIONS) The basis for this table of indicators can be attributed to the NAACP’s Equity in Building Resilience in Adaptation Planning Additional indicators came from the following: * Proposed by Technical Advisory Council member or State Agency partner ** Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley, 2003.
*** Cooley, Moore, and Allen, 2012.

† United Nations Development Programme, 2017.

††Bennett, et al., 2016.

SECTION 3 | ADDITIONAL INDICATORS FOR CONSIDERATION 10 PROCESS GUIDES Identifying quantifiable measures to assess and identify vulnerable communities is a critical compo- nent of any vulnerability assessment, however the process of prioritizing which indicators to include is equally important.
Each of the toolkits and check- lists presented below guides users through a series of questions that can help inform an assessment process.

While these resources were not designed 11 SECTION 4 with the specific goal of informing climate vulner- ability assessment processes they may be helpful resources depending on the type adaptation effort the assessment is intending to inform.
EXECUTIVE ORDER B-30-15 EQUITY CHECKLIST The Equity Checklist was created by the Equity and Vulnerable Communities subcommittee of the Technical Advisory Group, facilitated by the Climate Change and Health Equity Program of the Califor- nia Department of Public Health and is intended to assist State agencies implement Executive Order B-301-5.8 The checklist it is intended to assist agen- cies to ensure that plans and investments identify and protect the State’s most vulnerable populations.
This checklist can be used alongside any deci- sion-making process to improve equitable outcomes.

GOVERNMENT ALLIANCE ON RACE (GARE) RACIAL EQUITY TOOLKIT The Government Alliance on Race and Equity (GARE) is a national network of government work- ing to achieve racial equity and advance opportu- nities for all.

The Racial Equity Toolkit is designed to integrate explicit consideration of racial equity in decisions, including policies, practices, programs, and budgets.
Use of a racial equity tool can help to develop strategies and actions that reduce racial inequities and improve success for all groups.

BAY LOCALIZE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TOOLKIT The Bay Localize Community Resilience Toolkit guides groups in leading workshops to plan for resilience in their communities while decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.

It is designed for communi- ty groups that would like to get involved in making a difference in their neighborhood, city, or county.
The Toolkit offers Bay Area-specific resources, but it may also be used to support development of actions across many communities in California.

9.

Executive Order B-30-15 directed State agencies to integrate cli- mate change into all planning and investment, including accounting for current and future climate conditions in infrastructure invest- ment.
EO B-30-15 also mandates that because “climate change will disproportionately affect the state’s most vulnerable people”, all “State agencies’ planning and investments shall…protect the state’s most vulnerable populations”.

This was the first mandate in the United States requiring all state agencies to plan for climate change and to protect vulnerable people while doing so.
SECTION 4 | PROCESS GUIDES 12 Advancing Climate Justice in California: Guiding Principles and Recommendations for Policy and Funding Decisions.

Prepared by the Climate Justice Working Group.

August 2017. http://www.healthyworldforall.org/en/express- img/17081516-3570-img1.pdf California Governor’s Office of Planning and Re- search.

2017.

Executive Order B-30-15 Resiliency Guidebook: Vulnerable Populations.
http://www.opr.ca.gov/planning/icarp/resilient-ca.html California Governor’s Office of Planning and Re- search.

2017.

Executive Order B-30-15 Resiliency Guidebook: Equity Checklist.

http://www.opr.ca.gov/docs/20180312-Equi- ty_Checklist.pdf Bennett, N.J., Blythe, J., Tyler, S. et al.

2016.

Com- munities and Change in the Anthropocene: Under- standing Social-Ecological Vulnerability and Plan- ning Adaptations to Multiple Interacting Exposures.

Regional Environmental Change.


16: 907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0839-5 Cooley, H., E. Moore, M. Heberger, and L. Allen (Pa- cific Institute).

2012.

Social Vulnerability to Climate Change in California.

California Energy Commission.

Publication Number: CEC-500-2012-013 http://www.energy.ca.gov/2012publications/CEC- 500-2012-013/CEC-500-2012-013.pdf Cutter, S. L., B. J. Boruff, and W. L. Shirley.

2003.

So- cial Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards.


Social Science Quarterly 84 (2): 242–261.

http://danida.vnu.edu.vn/cpis/files/Papers_on_CC/ Vulnerability/Social%20Vulnerability%20to%20En- vironmental%20Hazards.pdf IPCC, 2014: Summary for policymakers.

In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabili- ty.

Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects.

Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report REFERENCES of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R.
Barros, D.J.

Dokken, K.J.

Mach, M.D.

Mastrandrea, T.E.

Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L.

Ebi, Y.O.

Estrada, R.C.

Genova, B. Girma, E.S.

Kissel, A.N.

Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R.

Mastrandrea, and L.L.White (eds.)].

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ IPCC, 2014.

In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Ad- aptation, and Vulnerability.

Annexes: Glossary.
Annexes: Glossary.

https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/ wg2/WGIIAR5-AnnexII_FINAL.pdf National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s Equity in Building Resilience in Adaptation Planning http://action.naacp.org/page/-/Climate/Equity_in_ Resilience_Building_Climate_Adaptation_Indica- tors_FINAL.pdf United Nations Development Programme.
Social Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Climate Change and DRR Programming - A Guide to Practitioners, September 2017. http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/ resources/social_vulnerability05102017_0.pdf REFERENCES 13