Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697640857678.pdf (Antigua and Barbuda)
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.

181 1 CHAPTER 181 T H E FORGERY ACT Arrangement of Sections Section Short title.

Interpretation.

1.

2.

3.

Definition of "forgery".

4.

5.

Forgery of certain documents with intent to defraud.

Forgery of certain documents with intent to defraud or deceive.

6.

7.

Passports; forgery; untrue statements.

Forgery of documents with intent to defraud or deceive.

Forgery of seals and dies.

8.

9.

Uttering.

10.

Demanding property on forged documents, etc.


Possession of forged documents, seals, and dies.

11.

12.

Making or having in possession paper or implements for forgery.

13.

Purchasing or having in possession certain paper before it has been duly stamped and issued.

Punishments.

14.

15.

Criminal possession.

16.

17.

18.

Search warrants.

Form of indictment and proof of intent.

Savings.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.

181 3 FORGERY 1.

This Act may be cited as the Forgery Act.


Short title.

2.

In this Act- Interpretation.
"bank note" includes any note or bill of exchange of the Bank of England, or of any person, body corporate, or company carrying on the business of banking in any part of the world, and includes "bank bill", "bank post bill", "blank bank note", "blank bank bill of exchange", and "blank bank post bill"; L 6 currency note7' includes any note legally issued as cur- rency by or under the authority of the Government of, or any law in force in, Antigua and Barbuda or any part of the Commonwealth including any British protectorate or protected state or any ter- ritory administered by Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom or by the Government of any part of the Commonwealth under the trusteeship system of the United Nations, or of any foreign state, or of any part or colony or dependency of any foreign state; "die'' includes any plate, type, tool, or implement what- soever, and also any part of any die, plate, type, tool, or implement, and any stamp or impression thereof or any part of such stamp or impression; "document of title to goods" includes any bill of lading, India warrant, dock warrant, warehouse keeper's certificate, warrant or order for the delivery or transfer of any goods or valuable thing, bought or sold note, or any other document used in the ordinary course of business as proof of the posses- sion or control of goods, authorizing or purpor- ting to authorize, either by endorsement or by 4 CAP.
181) Forgery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA delivery, the possessor of such document to transfer or receive any goods thereby represented or therein mentioned or referred to; "document of title of lands" includes any Crown grant, certificate of title, deed, map, roll, register, or instrument in writing being or containing evidence of the title or any part of the title to any land or to any interest in or arising out of any land, or any authenticated copy thereof; ' 6 revenue paper7' means any paper provided by the pro- per authority for the purpose of being used for stamps, licences, permits, post office money orders, or postal orders, or for any purpose whatsoever con- nected with the public revenue; " seal" includes any stamp or impression of a seal, or any stamp or impression made or apparently intended to resemble the stamp or impression of a seal, as well as the seal itself; " stamp" includes a stamp impressed by means of a die as well as an adhesive stamp; "Treasury bill" includes Exchequer bill, Exchequer bond, Exchequer debenture, and War bond; " valuable security" includes any writing entitling or evidencing the title of any person to any share or interest in any public stock, annuity, fund, or debt of any part of the Commonwealth or of any foreign state, or in any stock, annuity, fund, or debt of any body corporate, company, or society, whether within or without the Commonwealth, or to any deposit in any bank; and also includes any scrip, debenture, bill, note, warrant, order, or other security for the payment of money, or any authority or request for the payment of money or the delivery or transfer of goods or chattels, or any accountable receipt, release, or discharge, or any receipt or other instrument evidencing the payment of money, or the delivery of any chattel personal.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.

181 3.

(1) For the purposes of this Act, "forgery" is the ?finition of forgery".

making of a false document in order that it may be used as genuine, and, in the case of the seals and dies mentioned in this Act, the counterfeiting of a seal or die; and forgery with intent to defraud or deceive, as the case may be, is punishable as in this Act provided.
(2) A document is false within the meaning of this Act i,F2sneent.,, if the whole or any material part thereof purports to be made by or on behalf or on account of a person who did not make it nor authorize its making; or if, though made by or on behalf or on account of the person by whom or by whose authority it purports to have been made, the time or place of making, where either is material, or in the case of a docu- ment identified by number or mark, the number or any distinguishing mark identifying the document, is falsely stated therein, and in particular a document is false- ( a ) if any material alteration, whether by addition, insertion, obliteration, erasure, removal, or otherwise, has been made therein; or (6) if the whole or some material part of it pur- ports to be made by or on behalf of a fictitious or deceased person; or (c) if, though made in the name of an existing per- son, it is made by him or by his authority with the intention that it should pass as having been made by some person, real or fictitious, other than the person who made or authorized it.
(3) For the purposes of this Act- ( a ) it is immaterial in what language a document is expressed or in what place within or without the Com- monwealth it is expressed to take effect; ( 6 ) forgery of a document may be complete even if the document when forged is incomplete, or is not or does not purport to be such a document as would be binding or sufficient in law; (c) the crossing on any cheque, draft on a banker, post office money order, postal order, coupon, or other document the crossing of which is authorized or LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
181) Forgery recognized by law, shall be a material part of such cheque, draft, order, coupon, or document; (6) a document may be a false document not- withstanding that it is not false in such a manner as is described in subsection (2).

Forgery of (1) Forgery of the following documents, if com- certain documents with mitted with intent to defraud, shall be felony and punishable intent to with imprisonment for life or for any term- defraud.

4.
4.

( a ) any will, codicil, or other testamentary docu- ment, either of a dead or of a living person, or any pro- bate or letters of administration, whether with or without the will annexed; ( 6 ) any deed or bond, or any assignment at law or in equity of any deed or bond, or any attestation of the execution of any deed or bond; (c) any bank note, or any endorsement on or assignment of any bank note; (6) any currency note.
(2) Forgery of the following documents, if committed with intent to defraud, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding fourteen years- ( a ) any valuable security or assignment thereof or endorsement thereon, or where the valuable security is a bill of exchange, any acceptance thereof; (6) any document of title to lands or any assign- ment thereof or endorsement thereon; (c) any document of title to goods or any assign- ment thereof or endorsement thereon; (6) any power of attorney or other authority to transfer any share or interest in any stock, annuity or public fund of any part of the Commonwealth or of any foreign state or country, or to transfer any share or interest in the debt of any public body, company, or society, Commonwealth or foreign, or in the capital stock of any such company or society, or to receive any divi- dend or money payable in respect of such share or LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.
181 7 interest, or any attestation of any such power of attorney or other authority; ( e ) any entry in any book or register which is evidence of the title of any person to any share or interest hereinbefore mentioned or to any dividend or interest payable in respect thereof; V) any policy of insurance or any assignment thereof or endorsement thereon; (g) any charter-party or any assignment thereof.

5 .
(1) Forgery of the following documents, if com- Forgery of mitted with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and documents with punishable with imprisonment for life or for any term- 2 g : : ; " , T d certain Any document whatsoever having thereupon or affixed thereto the stamp or impression of the Public Seal, the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Privy Seal, any Privy Signet of Her Majesty, Her Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, any of Her Majesty's Seals appointed by the twenty-fourth article of the Union between England and Scotland to be kept, used, and continued in Scotland.
(2) Forgery of the following documents, if committed with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding fourteen years- ( a ) any register or record of births, baptisms, namings, dedications, marriages, deaths, burials, or cremations which now is, or hereafter may be, by law authorized or required to be kept in Antigua and Barbuda, relating to any birth, baptism, naming, dedica- tion, marriage, death, burial, or cremation, or any part of any such register, or any certified copy of any such register, or of any part thereof; ( b ) any copy of any register of births, baptisms, marriages, burials, or cremations directed or required by law to be transmitted to any registrar or other officer; (c) any wrapper or label provided by or under the authority of the Governor-General or the head of any department of the public service.
8 CAP.
181) Forgery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (3) Forgery of the following documents, if committed with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding seven years- ( a ) any official document whatsoever of or belong- ing to any court of justice, or made or issued by any Judge, Magistrate, officer, or clerk of any such court; ( 6 ) any register or book kept under the provisions of any law in or under the authority of any court of justice; ( c ) any certificate, office copy, or certified copy of any such document, register, or book or of any part thereof; (6) any document which any person authorized to administer an oath under the Commissioners for Oaths Act is authorized or required by law to make or issue; ( e ) any document made or issued by any public officer or law officer of the Crown, or any document upon which by the law or usage at the time in force any court of justice or any officer might act; (j) any document or copy of a document used or intended to be used in evidence in any court of justice or any document which is made evidence by law; @) any certificate required by any law for the celebration of marriage; ( h ) any licence for the celebration of marriage which may be given by law; (z] any certificate, declaration, or order under any law relating to vaccination or to the registration of births or deaths; (j) any register book, builder's certificate, surveyor's certificate, certificate of registry, declaration, bill of sale, instrument of mortgage, or certificate of mor- tgage or sale under Part I of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, or any entry or endorsement required by the said Part of the said Act to be made in or on any of these documents; 57 & 58 Vict.
c. 60 LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Fo r p r y (CAP.

181 9 (k) any permit, certificate, or similar document made or granted by or under the authority of any law relating to customs; (I) any certificate of the Commissioner appointed under and acting in execution of the Income Tax Act; (m) any certificate or any copy of any register issued by or under the authority of the Registrar-General and not otherwise provided for.

6.
6.

The forgery of any passport, or the making by any Passports: person of a statement which is to his knowledge untrue for statements~ the purpose of procuring a passport, whether for himself or any other person, shall be a misdemeanour and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years.

forgery; untrue 7.
forgery; untrue 7.

Forgery of any document which is not made felony Forgery of under this Act or any other law for the time being in force, intent to defraud if committed with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be a misdemeanour and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years.

documents with deceive.

8.

(1) Forgery of the following seals, if committed with Forgery of seals and dies.
intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for life or for any term- (a) the Public Seal, the great Seal of -the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Privy Seal, any Privy Signet of Her Majesty, Her Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, any of Her Majesty's Seals appointed by the twenty- fourth article of the Union between England and Scotland to be kept, used, and continued in Scotland; ( 6 ) the seal of any court of justice.
(2) Forgery of the following seals, if committed with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for fourteen years- (a) the seal of the Registrar-General; (6) the seal of the Registrar of the High Court or the Court of Appeal; ( 6 ) the seal of any Judge, minister of religion, consul, commissioner for oaths, or notary public.

10 CAP.

181) Forgery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Uttering.

Definition of "uttering".


(3) Forgery of the following dies, if committed with intent to defraud or deceive, shall be felony and punishable with imprisonment for any term not exceeding fourteen years- (a) any stamp or die provided, made, or used for the purpose of or in connection with customs; ( b ) any stamp or die provided, made, or used in pursuance of the Stamp Act.

9.
9.

(1) Every person who utters any forged document, seal, or die shall be guilty of an offence of the like degree (whether felony or misdemeanour) and on conviction thereof shall be liable to the same punishment as if he himself had forged the document, seal or die.
(2) A person utters a forged document, seal, or die, who, knowing the same to be forged, and with either of the intents necessary to constitute the offence of forging the said document, seal, or die, uses, offers, publishes, delivers, disposes of, tenders in payment or in exchange, exposes for sale or exchange, exchanges, tenders in evidence, or puts off the said forged document, seal, or die.

(3) It is immaterial where the document, seal, or die was forged.

10.
10.

Every person shall be guilty of felony and on con- Demanding property on viction thereof shall be liable to imprisonment for any term forged documents, etc.
not exceeding fourteen years, who, with intent to defraud, demands, receives, or obtains, or causes or procures to be delivered, paid, or transferred to any person, or endeavours to receive or obtain or to cause or procure to be delivered, paid, or transferred to any person, any money, security for money, or other property, real or personal- (a) under, upon, or by virtue of any forged instru- ment whatsoever, knowing the same to be forged; or (6) under, upon, or by virtue of any probate or letters of administration, knowing the will, testament, codicil, or testamentary writing on which such probate or letters of administration shall have been obtained to have been forged, or knowing such probate or letters LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.
181 11 m P of administration to have been obtained by any false oath, affirmation, or affidavit.

1 .

(1) Every person shall be guilty of felony and on Possession of conviction thereof shall be liable to imprisonment for any documents, seals, term not exceeding fourteen years, who, without lawful and dies.
authority or excuse, the proof whereof shall lie on the accused, purchases or receives from any person, or has in his custody or possession, a forged bank note, or a forged currency note, knowing the same to be forged.
forged $ (2) Every person shall be guilty of felony and on con- viction thereof shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding fourteen years who, without lawful authority or excuse, the proof whereof shall lie on the accused, and knowing the same to be forged, has in his custody or possession- (a) any forged die required or authorized by law to be used for the marking of gold or silver plate, or of gold or silver wares, or any ware of gold, silver, or base metal bearing the impression of any such forged die; (b) any forged stamp or die resembling or intended to resemble either wholly or in part any stamp or die which at any time whatever has been or may be pro- vided, made, or used in pursuance of the Stamp Act; (c) any forged wrapper or label provided by or under the authority of the Governor-General or the head of any department of the public service; (6) any forged seal or die the forgery of which with intent to defraud or deceive is made punishable by section 8.
12.

Every person shall be guilty of felony and on con- E:2i; viction thereof shall be liable to imprisonment for any term possession paper not exceeding seven years, who, without lawful authority Or impkments or excuse, the proof whereof shall lie on the accused- for forgery.

(a) makes, uses, or knowingly has in his custody or possession any paper intended to resemble and pass as- 12 CAP.
181) Foveery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (i) special paper such as is provided and used for making any bank note, currency note, Teasury bill, or Government debenture bond; (ii) revenue paper; (b) makes, uses, or knowingly has in his custody or possession any frame, mould, or instrument for mak- ing such paper, or for producing in or on such paper any words, figures, letters, marks, lines, or devices peculiar to and used in or on any such paper; ( 6 ) engraves or in anywise makes upon any plate, wood, stone, or other material, any words, figures, let- ters, marks, lines, or other devices, the print whereof resembles in whole or in part any words, figures, let- ters, marks, lines, or devices peculiar to and used in or on any bank note, or currency note, or Government debenture bond, or in or on any document entitling or evidencing the title of any person to any share or interest in any public stock, annuity, fund, or debt of any part of the Commonwealth or of any foreign state, or in any stock annuity fund, or debt of any body corporate, com- pany, or society, whether within or without the Commonwealth; (6) uses or knowingly has in his custody or posses- sion any plate, wood, stone, or other material upon which any such words, figures, letters, marks, lines, or devices have been engraved or in anywise made as aforesaid; (e) uses or knowingly has in his custody or posses- sion any paper upon which any such words, figures, letters, marks, lines, or devices have been printed or in anywise made as aforesaid; (f) makes, uses, or knowingly has in his custody, or possession any unfinished or incomplete note pur- porting to be a currency note, or any paper with any word, figure, device, or distinction peculiar to and appearing in the substance of paper used for any cur- rency note.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.

181 13 13.

Every person shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, ~~'~~~~g Or and on conviction thereof shall be liable to imprisonment possession certain for any term not exceeding two years, who, without lawful ~:r;~b;~z;: authority or excuse, the proof whereof s h d lie on the accused, ,tamped and purchases, receives, or knowingly has in his custody or issued.
possession- ( a ) any special paper provided and used for mak- ing bank notes, currency notes, Treasury bills, and Government debenture bonds, or any revenue paper before such paper has been duly stamped, signed, and issued for public use; ( b ) any die peculiarly used in the manufacture of any such paper.

14.

( 1 ) O n conviction of a misdemeanour punishable Punishments.

under this Act, the court, instead of or in addition to any other punishment which may lawfully be imposed, may fine the offender.
(2) O n conviction of a felony punishable under this Act, the court, in addition to imposing a sentence of imprison- ment, may require the offender to enter into his own recognizances, with or without sureties, for keeping the peace and being of good behaviour.
(3) O n conviction of a misdemeanour punishable under this Act, the court, instead of or in addition to any other punishment which may lawfully be imposed for the offence, may require the offender to enter into his own recognizances, with or without sureties, for keeping the peace and being of good behaviour.

(4) No person shall be imprisoned under this section for more than one year for not finding sureties.

15.
15.

( 1 ) Where the having any document, seal, or die i ;:iz2n, in the custody or possession of any person is in this Act expressed to be an offence, a person shall be deemed to have a document, seal, or die in his custody or possession if he- (a) has it in his personal custody or possession; or ( b ) knowingly and wilfully has it in the actual custody or possession of any other person, or in any 14 CAP.
181) Forgery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA place, building, lodging, apartment, field, or other place, whether open or enclosed, and whether occupied by himself or not.

(2) It is immaterial whether the document, matter, or thing is had in such custody, possession, or place for the use of such person or for the use or benefit of another person.

Search warrants.

16.
(1) If it shall be made to appear by information on oath before a Magistrate that there is reasonable cause to believe that any person has in his custody or possession without lawful authority or excuse- (a) any bank note, currency note, Treasury bill, or Government debenture bond; or (6) any implement for making paper or imitation of the paper used for bank notes, currency notes, Treasury bills, or Government debenture bonds; or ( 6 ) any material having thereon any words, forms, devices, or characters capable of producing or intended to produce the impression of a bank note, currency note, Treasury bill, or Governemnt debenture bond; or (d) any forged document, seal or die; or (e) any machinery, implement, utensil, or material used or intended to be used for the forgery of any document; the Magistrate may grant a warrant to search for the same, and if the same shall be found on search, it shall be lawful to seize it and carry it before a Magistrate of the district in which the warrant was issued to be by him disposed of according to law.
(2) Where any forged document (including any forged bank note, currency note, Treasury bill, or Government debenture bond), or any machinery, implement, utensil, or material used or intended to be used for the forgery of any such document, is lawfully seized under a warrant granted in pursuance of subsection (I), or otherwise, the document, machinery, implement, utensil or material, as the case may be, shall be delivered up to the Commissioner of Police, or to any person authorized by him to receive the same, by Disposal of documents, materials, etc., seized.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Forgery (CAP.

181 15 order of the court before which the offender is tried or, if there is no trial, by order of a Magistrate.

(3) Every other document, seal, or die lawfully seized Documents etc., to be destroyed otherwise disposed of.

under such warrant, or otherwise, shall be defaced and destroyed or otherwise disposed of- ( a ) by order of the court before which the offender is tried; or ( b ) if there be no trial, by order of a Magistrate.

17.
17.

(1) In an indictment or information for an offence Form of indictment and against this Act with reference to any document, seal, or proof of intent.

die, it is sufficient to refer to the document, seal or die by any name or designation by which it is usually known, or by its purport, without setting out any copy or facsimile of the whole or any part of the document, seal, or die.
(2) Where an intent to defraud or an intent to deceive is one of the constituent elements of an offence punishable under this Act, or under any other law relating to forgery or any kindred offence for the time being in force, it shall not be necessary to allege in the indictment or to prove an intent to defraud or deceive any particular person; and it shall be sufficient to prove that the defendant did the act charged with intent to defraud or to deceive, as the case may require.
(3) If any person who is a member of any co-partner- Partnerships.

ship, or is one of two or more beneficial owners of any property, forges any document, matter, or thing with intent to defraud the co-partnership or the other beneficial owners, he shall be liable to be dealt with, indicted, tried, and punish- ed as if he had not been or was not a member of the co- partnership or one of such beneficial owners.

18.

(1) Where an offence against this Act also by Savings.
virtue of some other law subjects the offender to any forfeiture or disqualification, or to any penalty other than imprison- ment or fine, the liability of the offender to punishment under this Act shall be in addition to and not in substitution for his liability under such other law.

16 CAP.

181) Forgery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Offences punishable under other A C ~ S .
(2) Where a n offence against this Act is by any other Act, whether passed before or after the commencement of this Act, made punishable on summary conviction, pro- ceedings may be taken either under such other Act or under this Act.