Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698939261899.pdf (Trinidad and Tobago)
REPORT International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day Westminster, London, UK March 27 - 31, 2017 Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Introduction 1.

The International Parliamentary Conference on National Security & Cybersecurity (“the Conference”) took place from March 27 to 31, 2017 at Westminster, London.
The Seminar is an annual event and is considered the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association’s (CPA) flagship capacity-building programme for parliamentarians, as well as procedural and committee Clerks from across the Commonwealth.

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Threats to national security are ever-changing.

Countries and their citizens now face a myriad of diverse and complex threats, both endurable and terminal.
These dangers range from economic recessions, environmental degradation and climate change, to pandemics, cyberwarfare, civil wars and political uprisings, as well as the emergence of sophisticated, well- funded terror groups and intrastate challenges to territorial boundaries.

Yet the current security discourse has brought into question the effectiveness of nation states to ensure greater security and stability for all.

Some view them as perpetuating threats to individual security and liberty.
Now more than ever, states must prove themselves adequate for the task of providing national security in a complex and hostile environment.

Parliamentarians, as the primary interface between a government and its citizens, have a responsibility to defend the rights of the individual, balanced with the safety and security of the majority.

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The programme focused on a range of themes covering legislation, committee scrutiny, budgets, and engagement with civil society, international institutions and the private sector.

Aim, Objectives, Outcome and Outputs 5.

The Aim of the Conference was to enable parliamentarians to influence, legislate, scrutinise and advocate for national security within their respective countries.

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The Objectives of the Conference were to: 1.


Advocate for the engagement of parliamentarians in the national security discourse.

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Broaden the knowledge and skills of parliamentarians on the key threats and challenges to national security and stability and as well as to explore how they may be effectively mitigated.

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Explore the mechanisms that parliamentarians may use to influence and hold governments, international security organisations and private organisations to account.

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Examine and strengthen the relationship between governments, parliaments, civil society, the private sector, media, international and regional bodies; all with the aim of building effective national security.

1 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 7.
The Outcome of the Conference was to collaborate with leading global organisations and experts in the development of an International Parliamentary Conference on National Security which will lead to the establishment of an international community of good practice by April 2017.

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The Output of the Conference was: To increase knowledge and build the capacity of the parliamentarian and parliamentary institutions:  The associated Commonwealth Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Project and linked International Parliamentarians’ e-Handbook on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime.

 Produce a conference closing report.

 Follow-up bilateral and multilateral partnerships for parliaments where required.

Parliamentary Delegation 9.


The Trinidad and Tobago delegation to the International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity comprised the following persons:  Honourable Fitzgerald Hinds, MP, Minister of Public Utilities and Member for Laventille West; and  Simone Yallery, Legal Officer I.

10.

The delegation departed Trinidad and Tobago on Friday March 25, 2017 and arrived in London on Saturday March 26, 2017.

The delegation departed London on Saturday April 1, 2017.
The programme of activities is provided in Appendix 1.

Day 1: Setting the Scene: An Introduction into National Security Welcome and About the Conference 11.

Delegates were welcomed to the Conference by Mr. Ian Liddell-Grainger MP, Chair CPA UK Executive and Mr. Andrew Tuggery CBE DL, Chief Executive and Secretary, CPA UK.

12.

Mr. Andrew Tuggery stated the Conference is was the largest to date with over ninety (90) delegates representing thirty-seven (37) countries.
Andrew Tuggery CBE went on to pay his respect to the victims of previous week’s terrorist attack on Parliament and emphasised to delegates that parliamentary life in Westminster goes on undeterred.

Official Opening – Introduction to National Security 13.

Following the introductory comments, the Conference was formally opened with an address from the Secretary of State for Defence, Rt.

Hon.

Sir Michael Fallon, MP.


Sir Michael began with reference to the previous week’s attack on Westminster and underscored the international 2 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 nature of the victims, which included citizens from France, the United States of America, Romania and South Korea.

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He continued his introduction with a reminder that the Westminster attack was not only an attack on individuals, but also an attempt to cause division.

He assured delegates, however, that in spite of these efforts “we are more united than ever in defending our way of life”.

15.

On a global level, Sir Michael Fallon emphasised the importance of international networks, including the Commonwealth, in addressing national security issues.
The shared history of the Commonwealth, as well as its Charter which sets out a commitment to human rights, peace and stability, means the network of 52 nations can play an important role on the global stage.

Sir Michael closed by advocating democracy as the greatest weapon against aggression, terrorism and threats to national security.

Session 1: Threats to National Security: A Global Context 16.

The first formal session was chaired by Hon.


Tabiso Wana, MP, Committee on Security and Justice, South Africa.

Hon.

Tabiso Wana, MP also acted as a contributor to Session 1 and provided delegates with a global context to national security and cybersecurity issues.

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Session 1’s panel comprised:  Ben Fender, Head of the Security Policy Department, Foreign and Commonwealth Office;  Dr. Juliette Bird, Head, Counter-Terrorism Section, Emerging Security Challenges, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); and  Kerry-Ann Barrett, Cybersecurity Policy Specialist, Cyber Security program, Inter- American Committee against Terrorism (CICTE), Organisation of American States.

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18.

The session addressed current trends in national security, drawing attention to the way in which the world has become more interdependent.

The intermingling of populations, global markets and the internet have meant that events have a ripple effect throughout the world.

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The session then honed in on the issue of terrorism.
It was noted that while terrorism is a cheap and easy tool for those who want to use it for their cause, the actual threat from terrorism – despite public perception – is relatively small.

Contributors sought to emphasise the wider strategic picture of stability and good governance within which counterterrorism forms a component.

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20.

Cybersecurity was explored greatly in this session with the panellists comparing the various global attacks during the period 2014-2016 and the methods by which the attacks were carried out, the motives and the targets.
Motives included stealing of trade secrets to damaging the 3 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 ability to operate in cyberspace to the need to make a political or public statement to the stealing of data.

21.

The issues also discussed the increase incidents of cybercrime and cyber terrorism in general and especially in Latin America and the Caribbean.
It was interesting to note the following statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean:  eighteen (18) countries had not identified “key elements” of their National Critical     Infrastructure; twenty- eight (28) out of thirty-one (31) countries did not have cybersecurity strategies twenty-six (26) countries in the region did not have a structured cybersecurity education programme in twenty (20) countries no command and control centre existed, and in another seven (7) countries this function is performed without formality.
in thirty (30) out of thirty-two (32), there were no national cybersecurity awareness programmes.

22.

This session also heralded the call for the proactive role parliamentarians need to take in protecting this new digital space was stressed.

The discussion that followed emphasised the need for greater awareness around cybersecurity, with the correct approach to cybercrime not being to shut down the internet, but to educate users, which is an area where parliamentarians can take an active lead.

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23.

The session ended with a poignant and applicable quotation by Union Minister General VK Singh of India where he had urged people to become the extended arms of the response system by staying vigilant around the clock and around the year and further, called for a robust and multi-layers intelligence system and extreme vigilance on part of our response systems to nip any plans of attack in the bud.
It should be noted that while General VK Singh’s reference was made in relation to terrorism, it appeared applicable to national security in general.

Session 2: National Security Governance Framework – A UK Case Study 24.

Session 2 was chaired by Lord Rickets GCMG GCVO, Former National Security Advisor, UK.
The panel for Session 2 comprised:  Lord Ricketts GCMG GCVO, Former National Security Advisor, UK;  Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Former Deputy National Security Advisor, UK; and  Prof. John Gearson, Professor of National Security Studies, Department of War Studies, UK.

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25.

This session provided delegates the opportunity to explore the establishment of the UK National Security Council as a case study, to unpack some of the broader issues in context, with contributions from members of the Council, advisers and academics.

4 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 26.
The delegates were exposed to:  The National Security Project which saw that broader concepts of national security were adopted to adapt to the changing landscape of security.

 The UK’s recognition that it could organise its central policy machinery for protecting national security more effectively.

 The UK’s realisation that national security was not only about protecting the state and its interests, but it must also focus on protecting individual citizens and businesses.
 The increase in national security spending.

 Parliamentary, judicial and statutory oversight of national security.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds, MP during Day 1 of the Conference A Debate: Should Parliaments have War Powers?

27.

The delegates made its way to the Speaker’s House, Palace of Westminster where they were greeted and welcomed by Rt.

Hon.

John Bercow, MP, Speaker of the House of Commons.


5 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 28.

This debate was chaired by Rt.

Hon.

Dr. Julian Lewis MP, Defence Committee, House of Commons, UK.

The panellists debating the motion were:  Hon.

Ojars Eriks Kalnins MP, Chair, Foreign Affairs Committee, Saeima Latvia.

He  was in favour of parliamentary power.

James Gray, MP.

Member, Defence Committee, UK.


He debated in favour of executive power.

29.

The panellists debated whether elected officials or the executive is better placed to make the decision to go to war.

The discussion touched on the correct role of an MP and parliament; the politicisation of warfare; and the impact on constituents.

30.

The points presented by both panellists erupted in a refreshing and provocative debate which culminated into an evening reception at Speaker’s House.
Day 2 – Implementation and Legislation 31.

Day 2 consisted four (4) sessions, one (1) breakout exercise and one (1) chamber debate.

Session 3: In Focus – Terrorism in the 21st Century 32.

Hon.

Sen. Fatuma Dullo, Vice-Chair of the Committee on National Security and Foreign Relation of the senate of Kenya acted as chair and contributor.
The remaining panellists for the session included:  Thomas Wuchte, Head, Transnational Threats Department, Action against Terrorism Unit, OSCE  Prof. John Gearson, Professor of National Security Studies, Department of War Studies.

33.

This session took an in-depth look into terrorism in the 21st century and the role of Parliamentarians in National Security.
The session explored the following themes:  Examining the definitions of terrorism and how strategies must depend on the nature of the enemy as the nature of terrorism is now one in which rules do not apply.

 The need to promote the voice of the youth in addressing extremism issues.

 Human rights and good governance are at the centre of national security.
 This was followed by an examination into the role parliamentarians can play in counter- terrorism, highlighting that human rights and good governance are at the core of security and need to be embedded into legislation.

Session 4: The National Security Strategy 34.

Rt.

Hon.

Dame Margaret Beckett MP, Chair, Joint Committee on National Security Strategy acted both as chair and contributor to session 4.
The remaining panellists included:  Mr. Robert Chatterton Dickson, Director for Foreign Policy, National Security Secretariat, Cabinet Office, UK.

6 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  Hon.

Tony Clement, MP, Official Opposition Critic on Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, House of Commons, Canada.

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Session 4 explored the role of parliaments and the level of involvement that should be allowed in scrutinising national security strategies given the sensitivities of classified materials.

Delegates were given a detailed history of the National Security Strategy (“the Strategy), its role and its compositions.

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Delegates were advised that the Strategy tried to find a balance on how to access the information even though it may classified.
The Strategy further highlighted that it recognised that classified information continued to remain a dilemma for many parliamentary committees.

37.

This session underscored the viewpoint that national security had to be approached in an integrated way and furthermore reminded delegates that parliamentarians had a role to play.

Meeting with Dame Margaret Beckett, Chair, Joint Committee on National Security Strategy 38.

Hon.
Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds, MP met with Dame Margaret Beckett, Chair of Joint Select Committee on National Security Strategy, UK.

The discussions which ensued allowed both Chairpersons to gain a better understanding of how the National Security Committee operated in each country.

7 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Hon.
Fitzgerald Hinds, MP and Dame Margaret Beckett, OBE Session 5: Legislating for National Security 39.

Session 5 was chaired by Rt.

Hon.

Baroness Taylor of Bolton, Former Parliamentary Under- Secretary of State for Defence.

Baroness Taylor of Bolton also acted as a contributor during this session.
The remaining panellists comprised:  Professor Clive Walker, Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Leeds and Special Adviser to the Independent Reviewer of Terrorist Legislation, UK 8 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  Alice McGrath Crégut, Programme Manager, Public-Private Partnerships, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 40.
Delegates were exposed to the following learning:  why there was a need to legislate for national security;  the four legal strategies in legislating for national security – rule of law, proportionality, internationalisation and criminalisation and control; the need to observe express rules, legal compliance and constitutionality under the rubric of the rule of law;   under the rubric of proportionality, the Lloyd Report stated that legislation against terrorism should approximate as closely as possible to the ordinary criminal law procedure and additional statutory offences and powers may be justified but only necessary if they are to meet the anticipated threat and the need for additional safeguards; and legislative guidance tools for states to regulate private security companies.
 Breakout Exercise 41.

In split groups, delegates participated in a first table top exercise which examining representation, partnerships and advocacy in relation to national security.

The theme of this table top exercise was implementation and legislation.

The delegates examined the hypothetical country of Mar Montana and was presented with a fact scenario which fed into the theme of implementation and legislation.

42.

Hon.
42.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds and other delegates explored the following questions:  What steps should the Government be taking?

 Is this the best approach to take by the backbencher?

9 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  What approach should Parliament be taking to deal with this issue?

 If the Member does pursue the bill, what steps could the Member take to get assistance in drafting the bill?
What are the potential obstacles preventing her from doing so?

 How can a Member get the bill passed?

43.

At the end of the table top exercise, delegates were able to discuss and engineer a plan of action to assist with the issues highlighted in the exercise.

Session 6: Budgeting for National Security – Procurement and Tackling of Corruption 44.
Session 6 focused on defence spending by governments and emphasised the significance in scrutinising this spending to ensure value for money is achieved for taxpayers – which could be allocated to spending in other areas such as health and education.

45.

Mr. Richard Bacon, MP, Vice Chair, Public Accounts Committee UK acted both as chair and contributor to the session.
The remaining panellists included:  Katherine Dixon MBE, Programme Director, Transparency International UK  Jeremy Lonsdale, Director, Ministry of Defence, Value for Money Audit NAO Chamber Debate: Habeas Corpus should never be suspended in cases involving terrorist suspects 46.

The chamber debate was the final session for Day 2 and was presided by Rt.

Hon.

Baroness D’Souza, CMG, Former Lord Speaker UK.

Ms. Sarah Jones, Clerk of Committees, House of Lords acted as the clerk to the proceedings.

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47.

It should be noted that the debate occurred in Hoare Memorial Hall, Church House, Conference Centre which was the same chamber that the House of Commons used during the Second World War.

Delegates discussed whether Habeas Corpus - the writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge - should ever be suspended in cases involving terrorist suspects.

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This session was very lively and riveting with many delegates being given the opportunity to speak for or against the motion with references being drawn from personal accounts.

The discussion touched on the centrality of the rule of law, the protection of citizens and pre-emptive arrests, and how Habeas Corpus adapted to a changing world and new security challenges.

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In the final analysis, the motion that habeas corpus should never be suspended in cases involving terrorists was passed by a large majority of delegates voting in favour.

Day 3 – Scrutiny and Oversight 50.

Day 3 consisted of five (5) sessions and one (1) select committee hearing.

10 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Session 7: Scrutinising Security 51.
The first session of day 3 explored scrutiny and the oversight of national security.

The session gave delegates insights into:    the work of the UK Intelligence & Security Committee in scrutinising the intelligence community.

the work of the Security Service (MI5) in protecting the public.

the role of the Interception of Communications Commissioner in interception and collecting communications data and, the work Europol does with European authorities.

52.

Rt.

Hon.
52.

Rt.

Hon.

Dominic Grieve, MP, Chair Intelligence and Security Committee UK acted both as chair and contributor.

The remaining panellists included:  Rt.

Hon.

Lord Evans of Weardale KCB DL, Former Director- General, The Security Service (MI5), UK.

 Rt.

Hon.

Sir Stanley Burnton, Interception of Communication Commissioner, UK.

 Brian Donald, Head, Office of the Director, Europol.

Session 8: Breakout Country Case Studies: Oversight of National Security 53.
Session 8 allowed delegates to participate in a regional themed breakout session which allowed them to engage in the security threats faced on different continents.

The breakout country case studies were divided into three regions; Asia-Pacific, Americas and Africa.

54.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds, MP was assigned to the Americas region where he participated in and learned about Guyana’s Committee on the Security Sector.

The Hon.
The Hon.

Khemraj Ramjattan, MP Minister of Public Security and Chair Standing Committee on the Security Sector provided delegates with an overview of some of the oversight approaches to Guyana’s national security.

The following were examined:  Article 119 of the Guyana Constitution.

 Ministers are compelled to answer questions.

 The composition of the Standing Committee on the Security Sector and that it is a body which meets in camera.
 Any questions may be asked on the security sector and all witnesses appearing before its Standing Committee on the Security Sector are compelled to answer.

55.

Hon.

Khemraj Ramjattan, MP explored the Constitution of Guyana and the Standing Orders of the National Assembly of Guyana.

He then proceeded to open the floor to delegates to discuss the information provided on Guyana.

Session 9: Oversight of Peacekeeping and International Intervention 56.
Session 9 provided delegates with an understanding of the role of peacekeeping and examined to what extent it has been a successful enterprise.

It was highlighted that there is great significance in keeping debate alive on the subject of peacekeeping.

This was followed by an in- 11 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 depth look into the role of Pakistan in peacekeeping operations.
This session’s theme of peace was embraced and supported by all delegates.

57.

Lord Judd, Vice President, United Nations Association acted as chair and contributor in this session.

The panel comprised:  Ambassador Smail Chergui, Africa Union Commissioner for Peace and Security.

 Dr. David Curran, Research Fellow, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University.

 Hon.

Tahmina Daultana MNA, Member Foreign Affairs Standing Committee, National Assembly for Pakistan.
 Dame Rosalind Marsden, Associate Fellow, Africa Programme, Chatham House and Former EU Special Representatives for Sudan.

Select Committee Hearing: Energy Security 58.

The Select Committee Hearing was an opportunity for delegates to observe or act as committee members in a replica hearing session on energy security and broader geopolitics which resulted in the removal of the Energy Minister.

59.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds participated in Select Committee Group B.
Delegates assigned to Group B interrogated Peter Abson, National Grid and Prof. Roland Danreuther, Deputy Vice- Chancellor, University of Westminster.

This session assisted delegates on how to ask probing questions, how to ascertain useful and relevant information and amending and voting on a recommendation.
Cross section of delegates in mock Select Committee Meeting on Energy Security 12 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Session 10: In Focus – Tackling Trafficking 60.

Session 10 was chaired by Hon.

Tarnya Smith MP, Shadow Minister for Science, Innovation and the Digital Economy, Queensland Australia.

The remaining contributors were:  Dr. Aidan McQuade Director, Anti-Slavery International.
 Dr. Paul Holtom, Senior Researcher, Small Arms Survey.

 Mr. Neil Walsh Chief, Global Programme on Cybercrime Organized Crime and Illicit Trafficking Branch Division for Treaty Affairs, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

61.

Session 10 provided delegates with information on tackling trafficking in both illicit goods and people.
The session highlighted the situation in North Korea, where it was suggested that the government was partly funded by the slave trade, which inadvertently helps facilitate the trafficking of humans through trade and business.

Delegates were reminded that the international opposition to human trafficking seems absent.

62.

Delegates were then introduced to the illicit small arms trade where statistics were provided of countries which export and import small arms and the value.
It was emphasised that only five per cent (5%) of arms produced are being seized.

63.

Delegates were later introduced to the ‘Darknet’ and they saw a live demonstration of how the ‘Darknet’ works, including the ability of individuals to buy small arms and the challenges it poses to modern society.

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64.

It was highlighted that parliamentarians have an important role to play in building the capacity of investigators, implementing effective legislation, and - to be effective in combating trafficking - confronting the interests of those benefiting from slavery.

Session 11: Role of Media in Scrutinising National Security 65.

Session 11 was the final session of Day 3 of the Conference.

This session was chaired by Hon.

Keheliya Rambukwella, MP, Former Minister of Mass Media and Communications, India.
The panellists comprised:  David Banasar, Senior Legal Counsel and Head of Transparency, Article 19.

 Brigadier Geoffrey Dodds OBE, Secretary, Defence and Security Media Advisory (DSMA) Committee.

 Kem Sengupta, Defence and Diplomatic Editor, The Independent.

66.

It was noted that the media plays an important role in promoting an informed and productive public debate around security issues and that censorship of the media should be avoided.

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67.

The following areas were also explored:  the internal and external governmental bodies.

13 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  a review of the Official Secrets Act.

 Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information.

the composition of the DSMA, its role and function.

the changing nature of media through social media and the supposed rise of ‘fake news’.
  Day 4 – Representation, Partnerships and Engagement 68.

Day 4 consisted of five (5) sessions, one (1) breakout exercise and one (1) visit to the UK Parliamentary Cybersecurity Operations Centre.

Session 12: National Security vs. Human Rights 69.

Hon.

Shabana Mahmood MP acted as chair and contributor to session 12.

The remaining panellists included:  Rt.

Hon.

Lady Justice Arden, DBE QC, Head of International Judicial Relations, England and Wales.
 Dr. Jon Moran, Associate Professor of Security, University of Leicester.

70.

The session explored the balance between protecting citizens with needs of national security; while also ensuring civil liberties are enshrined in the law.

The session covered the tactics of surveillance and interception, as well as international human rights standards and the special powers of courts.

71.

The session also emphasised the need for novel situations to address terrorism.
It was reiterated that a Bill of Rights is not a ‘suicide pact’ and furthermore there was need for a little practical wisdom when addressing such issues.

72.

The delegates were provided with a perspective into the way in which elected representatives create legislation and scrutinise bills that effectively balance protecting citizens whilst maintaining freedom.

Visit to the UK Parliamentary Cybersecurity Operations Centre 73.

Hon.
Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds and other delegates went on a tour of the UK Parliamentary Cybersecurity Operations Centre.

This tour of the facilities provided delegates with an appreciation of the types of cyber-attacks which the UK Parliament faces and the Centre’s role in combating cyber-attacks.

It was akin to a virtual war which occurred in cyberspace.

Session 13: Countering Extremism and Community Cohesion 74.

Rt.

Hon.
Rt.

Hon.

Yvette Cooper, Member, International Trade Committee UK acted both as chair for Session 13 and contributor.

The panel comprised:  Robb Leech, Documentary Filmmaker.

14 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  Daniel Koehler, Director of German Institute of Radicalization and De-radicalization Studies.

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75.

Delegates explored how parliamentarians could promote community cohesion and counter the narrative of violent extremism.

The recent of examples of the Westminster attack and the murder of Jo Cox MP, were cited and delegates were reminded that each event underscored the important role for parliamentarians to be leaders that promote unity in their communities.

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76.

The session also highlighted the use of online tools by terrorist organisations to entice individuals to various causes and the panellists emphasised the importance of educating children at a young age of the dangers online.

77.

Data during this session revealed that in 63.9% of the cases of lone actor terrorism, family and friends knew of the plot.

Delegates were further reminded that friends and colleagues were essential to a terrorist’s success.
It was critical to note that this session explored and highlighted the importance of the family in countering extremism and violence.

An example was cited of a rival football match in Brazil that had a history of crowd trouble until it employed mothers from the community to act as match stewards to prevent hooliganism.

78.

During this session, the work of Mothers for Life Network was highlighted which is an international group of mothers who have lost their sons in Syria and Iraq.
Session 14: Equality and Diversity in Security 79.

This session provided delegates with an overview of the issue of equality and diversity with regards to security.

80.

Chaired by Madeleine Moon, MP, Member, Defence Committee, House of Commons.

MP Moon also acted as a contributor to session 14.

The rest of the panel comprised:  Chief Superintendent Victor Olisa, Metropolitan Police Service Diversity Lead.

 Zarina Khan, Director, Gender Action for Peace and Security.

81.
81.

It was noted that a group that does not feel it has a stake in national security is dangerous for community cohesion and so parliamentarians had a responsibility to ensure all of society felt included and represented by security interests.

82.

Delegates were exposed to the efforts of the London Metropolitan Police Service to be a more diverse workforce that reflects the city and the benefits of achieving that goal.
It was discussed that there was a need to recruit the best work force, further that retention was critical and improving trust in the grievance process were critical factors to the success of the organisation.

15 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 83.

Delegates also heard about the role of women in peace negotiations and that peace and security are more likely when women are included.
This session underscored that security solutions can only be truly sustainable when the voice of both men and women are heard how parliamentary ethics and standards have evolved and discussed the practice of upholding the parliamentary Code of Conduct.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds with delegates from Cameroon and Georgia Session 15: Building International Partnerships and Agreements 84.

Session 15 was chaired by Rt.

Hon.

Lord Howell of Guildford, Chair, International Relations Committee, House of Lords.
The panel comprised:  Rt.

Hon.

Lord Howell of Guildford, Chair, International Relations Committee, House of Lords.

 Akbar Kahn Secretary-General, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association.

 Gugliemo Picchi, MP Vice-Chair of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Parliamentary Assembly General Committee on Political Affairs and Security, Italy.

 Brian Donald, Office of the Director, Europol.

85.
85.

This session explored the effectiveness of regional and international security governance frameworks and its attendant impact on national security.

This session further explored partnerships by drawing on the shared values and the network of Commonwealth nations, which had many links and associations across many sectors.
As the oldest political association in the world, it was highlighted that the Commonwealth was more interdependent on each other 16 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 than ever before.

The delegates were reminded that the Commonwealth’s theme for 2017 is a Peace- Building Commonwealth which fed into the Session 15.

86.
86.

The importance of the balance between national security and individual freedom and the fundamental role for parliamentarians in challenging governments were also emphasised.

87.

The session then explored the role of Europol and the spread of similar networks in other continents and also discussed the future of Europol and the UK post-Brexit.

National Security: Breakout Exercise 88.


In split groups, delegates participated in a table top exercise examining representation, partnerships and advocacy in relation to national security.

The theme of this table top exercise was scrutiny and oversight.

The delegates continued to examine the hypothetical country of Mar Montana and was presented with another fact scenario which fed into the theme of scrutiny and oversight.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds and other delegates engaging in the table top exercise.
89.

The delegates discussed the following question with a view of resolving the issues which the Parliament of Mar Montana was facing: i.

What steps can the Chair take to make the Committee more effective?

ii.

How can the Chair ensure that the Prime Minister comes before it to answer questions?

iii.

What approaches could the Committee take in scrutinising this issue?

iv.

Who else could they engage or call as a witness?

v. How can the Chair improve the Committee’s public perception?
17 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Session 16: Partnering and oversight of the Private Sector 90.

A panel comprising Hon.

Deputy Robert Prow, Member, Committee for Home Affairs, Guernsey, Ambassador Thomas Gerber Director of the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and Allen Clamp Chief Executive, Security Industry Authority oversaw Session 16.

91.
91.

It commenced with an overview of Guernsey and its relationship with security entities.

It went on to look at the tools and guidance available for parliamentarians and highlighted the need to develop innovative solutions that put good governance at the centre of all efforts.

92.

The session also examined the professional and regulated security industry and how oversight of the industry, as well as training and preparation of private security operatives, provide security the public can rely on.
The delegates were exposed to the need to regulate the private security industry dating as far back as the 1960s and the passage of the Private Security Industry Act, 2001 which gave rise to the Security Industry Authority.

93.

The importance of sharing information and working collaboratively was also emphasised to delegates.

Day 5 - Cybersecurity Day 94.

Day 5 consisted of three (3) sessions, one (1) presentation and a launch of the official e- Handbook.

Presentation – Cyber Hack Demonstration 95.


The first session was presented by Mr. Jamie Woodruff, CPTE, Technical Director, Metrix.

He focused on cyber hacking and explained the different types of hacks and strategies that can be carried out and how to be prevent these from happening.

The session also touched on the current challenges authorities face with accessing encrypted platforms such as WhatsApp Messenger.
There was a demonstration of an ethical hack which highlighted the ease of hacking using accessible apps.

Session A: The Cybersecurity Threat – Cybercrime to Cyberwarfare 96.

Part 1 of Session A took on an interview style with Mr. Matt Burgess, Wired acting as the interviewer while Mr. John Noble, Director for Incident Management, National Cyber Security Centre acted as interviewee.

97.
97.

This session explored the role of the National Cyber Security Centre, which is part of Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and its mission to make the UK the safest place to live and do business online.

It was noted that it was a very ambitious mission.

18 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 98.
As cybercrime overtakes normal crime it was stressed that there is a need to understand the threat, to grow by partnering with the private sector so information can be shared more easily and by capability by bringing more talent into the organisation.

It was also an intention to have response team go out with victim companies with a view of understanding the threats.

Session A: Part 2: The Threat Landscape 99.

Delegates were divided into four (4) groups: i.

Child Sexual Exploitation Online.

ii.


Terrorism and Radicalisation in Cyberspace.

iii.

Cyberwarfare and Protection of Critical National Infrastructure.

iv.

The Future of Cybercrime: The Internet of Things.

100.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds chaired the discussion group which focused on child sexual exploitation online.

The panellists included:  Mr. Kristoff Claesen, Director of Policy and Public Affairs, Internet Watch Foundation (IWF).
 Mr. John Car, OBE, Executive Board Member, UK Council of Child Internet Safety.

 Clara Sommarin, Child Protection Specialist, Exploitation, UNICEF.

Hon.

Fitzgerald Hinds, MP chairing Session A Part 2: Child Sexual Exploitation Online 101.

The session highlighted the following areas:  The definitions of cybercrime and cybersecurity.

 The techniques used to lure persons.


19 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  Eighty per cent (80%) of advertisements in the world are targeted at young person, young persons are technologically astute and make up a large percentage of online users.

As such, these factors make them especially vulnerable to child sexual exploitation online.

 The links to cyberbullying.


 Trinidad and Tobago’s statistics on child sexual exploitation which range from touching, sexting, hugging and sexual intercourse.

 According to the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre, approximately fifty thousand (50,000) persons in the UK were involved in downloading and sharing indecent images of children in 2012.
 The work of the IWF to minimise the availability of online sexual abuse content, specifically child sexual abuse content hosted anywhere in the world, criminally obscene adult content hosted in the UK and non-photographic child sexual abuse images hosted in the UK.

 The IWFs focus on the removal of child sexual abuse images and videos and to make to make the internet a safer place.
 The history and work of the UK Council for Child Internet Safety which is a group more than 200 organisations drawn from across government, industry, law, academia and charity sectors that work in partnership to help keep children safe online.

 UNICEFs work to protect all children’s right to be protected from violence, exploitation and abuse.

Official E-Handbook Launch 102.

The Hon.


Kate Doust MLC, Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Western Australia and Member of the e-Handbook presented the official e-Handbook launch.

103.

The e-Handbook combined examples of best practice and case studies from each region to build a comprehensive and expert resource to aid parliamentarians in their engagement and implementation of cybersecurity.

Session B: Cybersecurity – Role of Parliamentarians 104.
The gap between technological advances and the laws and regulations that govern and regulate them is ever growing.

These range from the complexities of data encryption to the holding of bulk data on servers.

105.

Session B comprised the following panellists:  Hon.

Pawel Pudlowski MP, Chair Committee on Digitalisation, Innovation and New  Technologies, Poland.

Jan Kleijssen, Director of Information Society and Action against Crime, Council of Europe (COE).
20 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017  Shadrach Haruna, Legal Adviser, Justice Section, Rule of Law Division, Commonwealth Secretaria.t  Ashlee Godwin, Committee Specialist, Joint Committee on National Security Strategy, UK.

106.

Delegates then explored the specific role of parliamentarians with regards to cybersecurity.
The challenge facing parliamentarians is how to protect the rule of law in cyberspace, which is ungoverned by state borders.

The session held up the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and some of the strategies being used to legislate at a national level for cybercrime as examples for parliamentarians to deal with these issues.

107.

The session also looked at the role of parliamentary committees, drawing on the example of the UK Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy.
The session concluded by asserting that just technology.

cybersecurity is about the activities of people and processes not Session C: Cybersecurity – Building Partnerships 108.

Session C was the final session for Cybersecurity Day and it focused on the role of parliamentarians in building partnerships, which is essential to tackling cybercrime and also prevents the duplication of efforts.

109.
109.

This session also emphasised that people are the strongest asset for dealing with cybercrime and that there is an imperative on parliamentarians to connect organisations and individuals.

The global interdependence of cybersecurity also means that on a global scale, nations need to be in communication as what is happening in one part of the world today can be happening in another part tomorrow.

Vote of Thanks and Closing Remarks 110.

Following the end of Session C, Hon.


Juliet Holness, MP, Jamaica delivered the vote of thanks.

The Hon.

MP thanked the speakers, organisers and delegates for their participation and contributions to a successful week.

Hon.
Fitzgerald Hinds, MP Head of Delegation June 9, 2017 21 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Appendix 1 Programme Monday 27 March 2017 11:00 - 11:45 12:00 - 13:00 13:15 - 13:45 13:45 - 14:30 14:30 - 16:00 16:00 - 16:30 16:30 - 17:45 17:45 - 18:15 Participant Registration Location: Church House Conference Centre Networking Lunch Location: Church House conference centre Welcome, About the Conference and Housekeeping Location: Church House conference centre Official Opening- Introduction to National Security Location: Church House conference centre Session 1: Threats to National Security- A Global Context Break Session 2: National Security Governance Framework- A UK Case Study Location: Church House conference centre Escorted to Speaker's House, Palace of Westminster 22 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Monday 27 March 2017 18:15 - 19:00 19:00 - 19:00 19:05 - 20:00 A Debate: Should Parliaments have War Powers?
Location: Speaker's House, Palace of Westminster Official Conference Group Photograph Location: Speaker’s House Welcome Reception by kind permission of the speaker of the House of Commons Location: Speaker's House, Palace of Westminster Tuesday 28 March 2017 09:00 - 10:00 10:00 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 12:30 12:30 - 13:30 13:30 - 14:15 Session 3: In Focus- Terrorism in the 21st Century Location: Church House conference centre Session 4: The National Security Strategy- Role of Parliaments Location: Church House conference centre Break Session 5: Legislating for National Security Location: Church House conference centre Lunch Economic Security- Breakout Exercise Location: Church House conference centre In split groups, participants will undertake a table top exercise examining threats, strategies and legislation in relation to 23 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Tuesday 28 March 2017 environmental security.
Breakout Exercise Continued (3/4 Groups) Group 1 & 2: Hoare Memorial Hall, Church House Conference Centre Group 3 & 4 Assembly Room, Church House Conference Centre Session 6: Budgeting for National Security- Procurement and Tackling Corruption Location: Church House conference centre Break Committee Hearing Briefing and Caucusing Location: Church House Conference Centre Chamber Debate: Habeas Corpus should never be suspended in cases involving terrorist suspects Location: Church House conference centre 14:15 - 15:15 15:15 - 15:30 15:30 - 15:45 15:45 - 17:30 Wednesday 29 March 2017 Session 7: Scrutinising Security Location: Church House conference centre Session 8: Breakout Country Case Studies- Oversight of National Security Location: Church House conference centre Break 09:00 - 10:15 10:15 - 11:15 11:15 - 11:30 24 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Wednesday 29 March 2017 11:30 - 12:30 12:30 - 13:30 13:30 - 14:45 14:45 - 15:00 15:00 - 16:15 16:15 - 17:00 Session 9: Oversight of Peacekeeping and International Intervention Location: Church House conference centre Lunch Select Committee Hearing Location: Church House conference centre Break Session 10: In Focus- Tackling Trafficking Location: Church House conference centre Session 11: Role of the Media and other Organisations in Scrutinising Security Location: Church House conference centre Thursday 30 March 2017 Session 12: National Security vs Human Rights Location: Church House conference centre Session 13: Countering Extremism and Community Cohesion Location: Church House conference centre Break 09:00 - 10:00 10:00 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 25 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Thursday 30 March 2017 11:30 - 12:30 12:30 - 13:30 13:30 - 14:15 14:15 - 15:15 15:15 - 15:30 15:30 - 16:45 16:45 - 17:00 17:30 - 19:00 Session 14: Equality in Security Location: Church House conference centre
 Lunch Session 15: Building International & Regional Partnerships and Agreements Location: Church House conference centre Environmental Security - Breakout Exercise Location: Church House conference centre Group 1: Robert Runcie Room, Church House Conference Centre Group 2: Council Room, Church House Conference Centre Group 3 & 4: Assembly Room, Church House Conference Centre Break Session 16: Partnering and Oversight of the Private Sector Location: Church House conference centre Post-Workshop focus session Location: Church House conference centre Closing Networking Reception with the private sector Location: Livery Hall, Guildhall, City of London 26 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Friday 31 March 2017 10:00 - 10:30 10:30 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:15 11:15 - 11:45 11:45 - 12:45 12:45 - 14:00 14:00 - 15:30 15:30 - 16:15 16:15 - 16:30 Welcome, About the Project & Housekeeping Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Presentation- Cyber Hack Demonstration Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Break Session A: The Cybersecurity Threat- Cybercrime to Cyberwarfare Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Session A Part 2: The Threat Landscape This split discussion groups will look at four key threats to cybersecurity and how they are being tackled at a national and international level.
Child Sexual Exploitation Online - The Long Gallery Terrorism and Radicalisation in Cyberspace - The State Drawing Room Cyberwarfare and Protection of Critical National Infrastructure - The Green Room The Future of Cybercrime: The Internet of Things - Room 110 Lunch & Official E-Handbook Launch Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Session B: Cybersecurity- Role of Parliamentarians Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Session C: Cybersecurity- Building Partnerships Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Break 27 | P a g e Delegation Report International Parliamentary Conference on National Security and Cybersecurity Day March 27-31, 2017 Friday 31 March 2017 16:30 - 16:55 16:55 - 17:00 Closing Speech & Vote of Thanks Location: Lancaster House, Westminster Official Cybersecurity Group Photograph Location: Lancaster House 28 | P a g e